title: Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of titanium in ionic form after intravenous and oral administration.
abstract: Titanium is widely used both in food and cosmetics, as well as in surgery and industry. Contrary to most studies, the present work focused on the determination of the toxicokinetic parameters of titanium in ionic form, as well as on its tissue biodistribution in rats. The animals were administered either a single intravenous dose of 6 mg Ti/kg b.w., or received the same dose orally every day for 30 days. The concentration of titanium in the serum and organs was measured by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Metal rapidly distributed from the circulation to the investigated organs after both routes of administration, and kidney was identified as the main target tissue, followed by liver and spleen. One month of oral exposure to Ti led to the increase of its concentration in liver, kidneys, spleen, and heart. In the intravenous study, both the highest area under concentration-time curves and the longest elimination half-life time were recorded in the kidney followed by serum, spleen and liver. The present study contributes to the knowledge of the toxicokinetics of titanium in ionic form, which may be especially useful when assessing the health risks of long-term exposure to titanium alloy implants in patients.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golasik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: herman@chemia.uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olbert
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Librowski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szklarzewicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piekoszewski
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D006207:Half-Life; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D066007:Toxicokinetics
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: Animal experiments; Tissue distribution; Titanium; Toxicokinetics