title: Influence of various sterilization procedures on TiO2 nanotubes used for biomedical devices.
abstract: Sterilization is the final surface treatment procedure of all implantable devices and is one of the key factors which have to be considered before implementation. Since different sterilization procedures for all implantable devices influence mechanical properties as well as biological response, the influence of different sterilization techniques on titanium nanotubes was studied. Commonly used sterilization techniques such as autoclaving, ultra-violet light sterilization, hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization as well as the not so frequently used gaseous oxygen plasma sterilization were used. Three different nanotube diameters; 15 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm were employed to study the effects of various sterilization techniques. It was observed that autoclave sterilization resulted in destruction of nanotubular features on all three studied nanotube diameters, while UV-light and both kinds of plasma sterilization did not cause any significant morphological changes on the surfaces. Differences between the sterilization techniques employed influenced cytocompatibility, especially in the case of nanotubes with 100 nm diameter.
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia. Electronic address: Ita.junkar@ijs.si.
authors.forename: Ita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Junkar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mukta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drašler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Neža
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rugelj
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazare
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ajda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flašker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Damjana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drobne
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovcirnou 3685, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Humpolíček
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Matic
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Resnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmuki
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Miran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mozetič
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Aleš
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iglič
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D013242:Sterilization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D058626:Plasma Gases; C009495:titanium dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cytocompatibility; Electrochemical anodization; Sterilization; Surface; TiO(2) nanotubes