title: Coronary Sinus Reducer system™: A new therapeutic option in refractory angina patients unsuitable for revascularization.
abstract: A challenge of modern cardiovascular medicine is to find new, effective treatments for patients with refractory angina pectoris (RAP), a clinical condition characterized by severe angina despite optimal medical therapy and "no option" for a surgical or percutaneous revascularization. Although the relevant advance of both pharmaceutical and interventional treatments for patients affected by symptomatic coronary artery disease has greatly contributed to prolong survival, the increasing number of patients experimenting persistent and invalidating angina symptoms, highlights that quality of life of these patients has not been equally improved. Clinical limitations of the efficiency of conventional and relatively new approaches justify the search for new therapeutic options. In this review, we will focus on the epidemiology of RAP, and we will provide a brief update on the different options actually available to these patients with particular interest to an innovative device that narrow the coronary sinus: the Reducer system (Neovasc Inc., Richmond B.C., Canada). The efforts of present and future clinical studies will ultimately answer the question of whether this intriguing therapy is a suitable strategy for treatment of patients with RAP.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Bolognini Hospital Seriate, Seriate (BG), Italy.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ielasi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Bolognini Hospital Seriate, Seriate (BG), Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Todaro
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Bolognini Hospital Seriate, Seriate (BG), Italy.
authors.forename: Giulietta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grigis
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Bolognini Hospital Seriate, Seriate (BG), Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tespili
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome