title: The Influence of Psychological and Lifestyle Factors on the Reporting of Postconcussion-Like Symptoms.
abstract: Self-reported symptoms are an integral part of the assessment and management of a sports-related concussion. However, postconcussion-like symptoms are reported by non-concussed individuals. Moreover, the current best practice in the reporting of symptoms does not take into account the potential influence of psychological and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to explore the influence of these factors on the reporting of postconcussion-like symptoms. University students (N= 603) completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 postconcussion symptom scale along with other predictor variables via a cross-sectional web-based survey. Linear regression analyses revealed six modifiers contributing to the total symptom score with the strongest being alcohol consumption (Estimate = 2.75, p < .001). Following these findings, clinicians need to exercise caution when interpreting the symptom scores for making decisions on the return-to-play (RTP). A failure to do so may lead the health professional to either prematurely RTP or not clear the concussed athlete to resume their sport.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Arun P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Josie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Athens
authors.affiliation: School of Human, Health & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Branyan, QLD 4670, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schneiders
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCrory
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand sjohn.sullivan@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: S John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D005222:Mental Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Lifestyle factors; Psychological factors; Symptom severity score; Total symptom score