title: Does first-line antiretroviral regimen impact risk for chronic kidney disease whatever the risk group?
abstract: We used the D:A:D risk score for chronic kidney disease (CKD) for patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the recent years, and investigated whether specific regimens enhanced the risk of CKD in the different risk groups.
  
  
  
  Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of French HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  
  Patients who started their first ART after January the 1st, 2004 with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m were analyzed. CKD was defined by confirmed eGFR less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m. Incidence of CKD was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and Poisson regression models were used to quantify the relationship between CKD, exposure to the initial ART regimens and the D:A:D score.
  
  
  
  We included 6301 patients representing 21 936 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), median eGFR at baseline was 101 ml/min per 1.73 m (inter-quartile range 86; 118) and CKD incidence 9.6/1000 PYFU. Five years probabilities of CKD were 0.65, 4.6 and 15.9% in the low, medium and high-risk groups, respectively. In patients treated with a boosted protease inhibitor, incidences rates were 7.1/1000 and 9.0/1000 PYFU in the absence or presence of tenofovir, respectively, and markedly increased with increasing risk score. In the low-risk group the treatment choice had no impact on CKD incidence.
  
  
  
  When choosing the ideal first antiretroviral regimen for one given patient, clinicians should rely on the D:A:D score and avoid some drugs in high-risk patients, whereas in low-risk patients classic regimens may be safely prescribed, with an economic benefit due to soon available generic formulations.
authors.affiliation: aINSERM, UMR-S 1136 and Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University of Paris 06, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, ParisbDepartment of Infectious Diseases, CHU Archet, NicecDepartment of Infectious Diseases, CHU Hotel Dieu, NantesdDepartment of Nephrology, Pitie Salpetriere Hospital APHP and Pierre et Marie Curie University, PariseRegional Center for HIV Care and Coordination, INSERM UMR1027, Toulouse 3 University, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flandre
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allavena
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isnard Bagnis
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuzin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents