title: Determination of glutathione in apoptotic SMMC-7221 cells induced by xylitol selenite using capillary electrophoresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the glutathione (GSH) content in a human hepatoma cell line (SMMC-7221) treated with xylitol/selenite, providing a part of an investigation of its anti-cancer mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nuclei of SMMC-7221 cells were stained with Hoechst 33258 in an apoptosis assay, and their morphology subsequently changed from circular to crescent shape. The calibration curve (r(2) = 0.992) was established, and GSH content markedly decreased after treated with 0.5 and 1 mg xylitol/selenite l(-1) for 12, 36 and 60 h (12 h: from 95.57 ± 19.57 to 29.09 ± 7.74 and 24.27 ± 11.15; 36 h: from 70.73 ± 11.35 to 19.54 ± 6.39 and 9.35 ± 6.69; 60 h: from 72.63 ± 16.94 to 7.432 ± 3.84 and 0). The depletion rate of GSH was more related to the concentration of xylitol/selenite than the treatment time (from 69.95 ± 1.87 to 100 % vs. 0.22 ± 0.2 to 100 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Xylitol/selenite is a promising anti-cancer drug to induce apoptosis in SMMC-7221 cells. It may regulate the apoptosis through the co-action of multiple mechanisms related to GSH depletion.
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Ultrasonography Department, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kashif Rafiq
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Zahid
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guomei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hanchao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China. qichao@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020887:Selenious Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014993:Xylitol / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020887:Selenious Acid; D005978:Glutathione; D014993:Xylitol
keywords: Anti-cancer; Apoptosis; Capillary electrophoresis; Glutathione; Laser-induce fluorescence; Selenium; Xylitol/selenite