title: Improving seedless kelp (Saccharina japonica) during its domestication by hybridizing gametophytes and seedling-raising from sporophytes.
abstract: Dongfang no.7 (Saccharina japonica) was bred and maintained by hybridizing gametophytes, self-crossing the best individuals, selecting the best self-crossing line and seedling-raising from yearly reconstructed sporophytes. It increased the air dry yield by 43.2% in average over 2 widely farmed controls. Dongfang no.7 was seedling-raised from bulked sporophytes reconstructed from its representative gametophyte clones. Such strategy ensured it against variety contamination due to possible cross fertilization and occasional mixing and inbred depletion due to self-crossing number-limited sporophytes year after year. It derived from an intraspecific hybrid through 4 rounds of self-crossing and selection and retained a certain degree of genetic heterozygosity, thus being immune to inbred depletion due to purification of unknown detrimental alleles. Most importantly, it can be farmed in currently available system as the seedlings for large scale culture can be raised from reconstructed Dongfang no.7 sporophytes. Breeding and maintaining Dongfang no.7 provided a model that other varieties of kelp (S. japonica) and brown algae may follow during their domestication.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhuangzhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Shancun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Cuiju
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Zengmei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Shenhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Shiju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Science Research &Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement &Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.|Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Shaofeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.|Institutes of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.|College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.|Institutes of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.|College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Guanpin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000071278:Domestication; D055993:Germ Cells, Plant / Q000254:growth & development*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D044423:Kelp / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*