title: A Social-Ecological, Process-Oriented Perspective on Political Violence and Child Development.
abstract: Youths' risk for adjustment problems in contexts of political violence is well-documented. However, outcomes vary widely, with many children functioning well. Accordingly, moving beyond further documenting the risk for many negative outcomes associated with living in contexts of political violence, a second generation of research is moving towards identifying the mechanisms and conditions that contribute to children's adjustment. Increasing support is emerging for understanding effects on children in terms of changes in the social contexts in which children live, and in the psychological processes engaged by these social ecologies. Selected themes are considered, including (a) the need to study multiple levels of the social ecology, (b) differentiating between the effects of exposure to contexts of political versus non-political violence, and (c) theories about explanatory processes. Selected research pertinent to these directions is reviewed, including findings from a six-wave longitudinal study on political violence and children in Northern Ireland.
authors.affiliation: University of Notre Dame.
authors.forename: E Mark
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Catholic University of America.
authors.forename: Marcie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goeke-Morey
authors.affiliation: State University of New York, Geneseo.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Merrilees
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Greensboro.
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Queens University, Belfast.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shirlow
keywords: Child adjustment; Community violence; Emotional security; Family conflict; Political violence; Social ecological model