title: Adverse Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality among Young New Yorkers, Particularly Young Black Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality has been on the decline in the United States for decades. However, declines in IHD mortality have been slower in certain groups, including young women and black individuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Trends in IHD vary by age, sex, and race in New York City (NYC). Young female minorities are a vulnerable group that may warrant renewed efforts to reduce IHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  IHD mortality trends were assessed in NYC 1980-2008. NYC Vital Statistics data were obtained for analysis. Age-specific IHD mortality rates and confidence bounds were estimated. Trends in IHD mortality were compared by age and race/ethnicity using linear regression of log-transformed mortality rates. Rates and trends in IHD mortality rates were compared between subgroups defined by age, sex and race/ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decline in IHD mortality rates slowed in 1999 among individuals aged 35-54 years but not ≥55. IHD mortality rates were higher among young men than women age 35-54, but annual declines in IHD mortality were slower for women. Black women age 35-54 had higher IHD mortality rates and slower declines in IHD mortality than women of other race/ethnicity groups. IHD mortality trends were similar in black and white men age 35-54.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decline in IHD mortality rates has slowed in recent years among younger, but not older, individuals in NYC. There was an association between sex and race/ethnicity on IHD mortality rates and trends. Young black women may benefit from targeted medical and public health interventions to reduce IHD mortality.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nathaniel R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Smilowitz
authors.affiliation: New York City Department of Health and Mental Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gil A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Maduro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Iryna V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Lobach
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Harmony R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061213:Mortality, Premature / Q000208:ethnology / Q000639:trends; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People