title: The effect of enriched chicory inulin on liver enzymes, calcium homeostasis and hematological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) as one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality is associated with immune system disturbances and metabolic abnormalities. In the current study we aimed to evaluate the effects of enriched chicory inulin supplementation on liver enzymes, serum calcium and phosphorous concentrations and hematological parameters in patients with T2DM.
  
  
  
  Forty-six diabetic females patients were randomly allocated into intervention (n=27) and control (n=22) groups. Subjects in the intervention group received a daily dose of 10g of chicory and subjects in control group received a placebo for two months. Anthropometric variables, glucose homeostasis, hematological parameters and metabolic indices including serum alanine aminotransfersae (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and phosphorous as well as creatinine concentrations, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood pressure were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial.
  
  
  
  Significant reductions in fasting serum glucose (FSG), Hb A1C, AST and ALP concentrations were observed in chicory-treated group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also reduced in chicory-treated group. Serum calcium significantly increased after chicory supplementation but no change in placebo treated group has been occurred (P=0.014). Supplementation with enriched chicory for two months significantly reduced hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values (P<0.05). Changes in serum insulin, creatinine and GFR were not significant.
  
  
  
  The present study showed beneficial effects of oligofructose-enriched chicory on the improvement of the glucose and calcium homeostasis, liver function tests, blood pressure and reduction in hematologic risk factors of diabetes in female patients with T2DM. Further studies in both genders are needed to generalize these findings to total population.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Center, Department of Nutrition in Community, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: abbasalizad_m@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahdieh Abbasalizad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farhangi
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur, University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Zare
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Javid
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: dehghan.nut@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dehghan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D018651:Cichorium intybus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007444:Inulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007492:Iran; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002118:Calcium; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007444:Inulin; D010758:Phosphorus; D056692:Prebiotics; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Calcium homeostasis; Chicory; Hematological parameters; Liver enzymes; Type 2 diabetic mellitus