title: Dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing bla IMP-1 and bla VIM-1 in Qazvin and Alborz educational hospitals, Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent opportunistic pathogen in health care associated infections that is highly resistant to the majority of β-lactams. The aims of this study were to access the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa isolated from educational hospitals of Qazvin and Alborz provinces, to determine the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) among carbapenem non-susceptible isolates by combined disk (CD) method, and to detect the bla IMP, bla VIM, bla SIM, bla GIM, bla SPM and bla NDM-1-MBL genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 300 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from different clinical specimens in two provinces of Qazvin and Alborz hospitals, Iran. After identification of isolates by standard laboratory methods, antimicrobial susceptibility was done against 17 antibiotics according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guideline. CD method was carried out for detection of MBLs and the presence of bla IMP, bla VIM, bla SIM, bla GIM, bla NDM-1 and bla SPM-genes was further assessed by PCR and sequencing methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 107 (35.66%) isolates were non-susceptible to imipenem and/or meropenem among those 56 (52.3%) isolates were metallo-β-lactamase producer. Twenty-four of 56 (42.85%) MBL-positive isolates were confirmed to be positive for MBL-encoding genes in which 14 (25%) and 10 (17.85%) isolates carried bla IMP-1 and bla VIM-1 genes either alone or in combination. Three (5.35%) isolates carried bla IMP and bla VIM genes, simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the moderate prevalence and clinical importance of MBL-producing isolates, rapid identification and use of appropriate infection control (IC) measures are necessary to prevent further spread of infections by these resistant organisms.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peymani
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Taghi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naserpour Farivar
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi Ghanbarlou
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Najafipour
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Metallo-β-lactamase; Pseudomonas aeruginosa