title: Early atherosclerosis aggravates renal microvascular loss and fibrosis in swine renal artery stenosis.
abstract: Renal function in patients with atherosclerosis and renal artery stenosis (ARAS) deteriorates more frequently than in nonatherosclerotic RAS. We hypothesized that ARAS aggravates stenotic-kidney micro vascular loss compared to RAS. Domestic pigs were randomized to normal, RAS, and ARAS (RAS fed a high-cholesterol diet) groups (n = 7 each). Ten weeks later stenotic-kidney oxygenation, renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were evaluated in vivo, and micro vascular density by micro-computed tomography. Blood pressure in both RAS and ARAS was elevated; and stenotic-kidney renal blood flow and GFR similarly decreased. RAS decreased the density of small-size cortical microvessels (<200 μm), whereas ARAS extended the decrease to medium-sized microvessels (200-300 μm). Cortical hypoxia and interstitial fibrosis increased in both RAS and ARAS but correlated inversely with micro vascular density only in RAS. Atherosclerosis aggravates loss of stenotic-kidney microvessels, yet additional determinants likely contribute to cortical hypoxia and fibrosis in swine ARAS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eirin
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Textor
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: lerman.lilach@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Lilach O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011897:Random Allocation; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012079:Renal Circulation; D034421:Sus scrofa; D066253:Vascular Remodeling; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Atherosclerosis; fibrosis; micro vascular injury; renal artery stenosis