title: Essential-Oil Variability in Natural Populations of Pinus mugo Turra from the Julian Alps.
abstract: The composition and variability of the terpenes and their derivatives isolated from the needles of a representative pool of 114 adult trees originating from four natural populations of dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) from the Julian Alps were investigated by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. In total, 54 of the 57 detected essential-oil components were identified. Among the different compound classes present in the essential oils, the chief constituents belonged to the monoterpenes, comprising an average content of 79.67% of the total oil composition (74.80% of monoterpene hydrocarbons and 4.87% of oxygenated monoterpenes). Sesquiterpenes were present in smaller amounts (average content of 19.02%), out of which 16.39% were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and 2.62% oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The most abundant components in the needle essential oils were the monoterpenes δ-car-3-ene, β-phellandrene, α-pinene, β-myrcene, and β-pinene and the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene. From the total data set of 57 detected compounds, 40 were selected for principal-component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and cluster analysis (CA). The overlap tendency of the four populations suggested by PCA, was as well observed by DA. CA also demonstrated similarity among the populations, which was the highest between Populations I and II.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana 142, SR-11060 Belgrade. bojovic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Srdjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bojović
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, SI-1000 Ljubljana. maja.jurc@bf.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jurc
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medicinal Plant Research 'Dr Josif Pančić', Tadeuša Košćuška 1, SR-11000 Belgrade. mristic@iplb.co.rs.
authors.forename: Mihailo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ristić
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana 142, SR-11060 Belgrade. zorica.popovic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana 142, SR-11060 Belgrade. rmatic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Rada
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matić
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana 142, SR-11060 Belgrade. vera.vidakovic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vidaković
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Boulevard Despota Stefana 142, SR-11060 Belgrade. milena.stefanovic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefanović
authors.affiliation: Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana. dusan.jurc@gozdis.si.
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jurc
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C008574:beta-myrcene; C058582:beta-phellandrene; C010789:beta-pinene; C024714:caryophyllene; C005451:alpha-pinene
keywords: Discriminant analysis (DA); Dwarf mountain pine; GC/MS Analysis; Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA); Julian Alps; Needle terpenes; Pinus mugo; Principal component analysis (PCA)