title: Effect of Balloon:Annulus Ratio on Incidence of Pulmonary Insufficiency Following Valvuloplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary insufficiency following balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis has been shown to result in right ventricular dilation, which may necessitate pulmonary valve replacement. This study investigates the consequences of employing a more conservative balloon:annulus ratio of ≤1.2 against the currently used ratios of >1.2. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a more conservative balloon:annulus ratio would maintain procedural success with adequate relief of the pulmonary valve gradient, while minimizing pulmonic insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedural data were collected on cases considered for balloon valvuloplasty for congenital pulmonic stenosis at Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego between March 31, 2003 and April 9, 2014. The study includes 98 patients whose median age at the time of procedure was 3.6 months (range: 1 day to 271 months); median follow-up was 15.2 months (range 24 days to 106 months). The subjects were divided into two groups based on their balloon:annulus ratio: ≤1.2 (n = 67) and >1.2 (n = 31).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in pulmonary gradient reduction-the marker of procedural success-was not significant between the two groups (P = .33). Although both groups had an increase in pulmonary valve insufficiency from baseline, the ≤1.2 group had significantly less insufficiency compared to the >1.2 group (P = .008). Reintervention rates were not statistically significant between both groups (P = .89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performing pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty with a balloon:annulus ratio of ≤1.2 produces significantly less pulmonary insufficiency than a ratio of >1.2 without reducing procedure efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, San Diego & Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, Cal., USA.
authors.forename: Sagar J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, San Diego & Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, Cal., USA.
authors.forename: Charissa R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pockett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, San Diego & Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, Cal., USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, San Diego & Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, Cal., USA. helsaid@rchsd.org.
authors.forename: Howaida G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: El-Said
mesh_terms: D063126:Balloon Valvuloplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Pulmonary Regurge; Pulmonary Valve Balloon Dilation; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis