title: Biological trait analysis and stability of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).
abstract: House flies, Musca domestica L., (Diptera: Muscidae), are pests of poultry and have the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. To design a strategy for resistance management, life history traits based on laboratory observations were established for lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant, susceptible and reciprocal crosses of M. domestica strains. Bioassay results showed that the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain developed a resistance ratio of 98.34 compared to its susceptible strain. The lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain had a relative fitness of 0.26 and lower fecundity, hatchability, lower number of next generation larvae, and net reproductive rate compared with its susceptible strain. Mean population growth rates, such as intrinsic rate of population increase, and biotic potential were lower for the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain compared to its susceptible strain. Resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, indoxacarb, and abamectin was unstable while resistance to bifenthrin and methomyl was stable in the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain of M. domestica. Development of resistance can cost considerable fitness for the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain. The present study provided useful information for making potential management strategies to delay resistance development in M. domestica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. naeemsurbana@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rizwan Mustafa
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sarfraz Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shad
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, 32200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razaq
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006793:Houseflies / Q000187:drug effects*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009570:Nitriles; D010078:Oxazines; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D010078:Oxazines; D011722:Pyrethrins; C401104:indoxacarb; C048324:abamectin; C099952:bifenthrin; D007559:Ivermectin; C037304:cyhalothrin
keywords: Biotic potential; Intrinsic rate of increase; Relative fitness; Resistance management