title: Use of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, Other Analgesics, and Risk of Glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. They have been found to inhibit the development of glioma in laboratory investigations. Whether these drugs reduce the risk of glioma incidence in humans is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a matched case-control analysis using the U.K.-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We identified 2,469 cases matched to 24,690 controls on age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and number of years of active history in the CPRD prior to the index date. We conducted conditional logistic regression analyses to determine relative risks, estimated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of glioma in relation to use of selective COX-2 inhibitors, adjusted for several confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors was unrelated to risk of glioma (adjusted OR for 1-9 versus 0 prescriptions = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.92-1.13, 10-29 versus 0 prescriptions = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.80-1.28, ≥30 versus 0 prescriptions = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.86-1.55). Trends for increasing numbers of prescriptions for other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and non-NSAID analgesics were also not associated with glioma risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm the null relation of use of selective COX-2 inhibitors to glioma risk and to explain the discrepancy between laboratory investigations and our observational study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors is unrelated to glioma risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seliger
authors.affiliation: Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of CIinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.|Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.|Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of CIinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jick
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bogdahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hau
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Leitzmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005910:Glioma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors