title: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Against Acute Kidney Injury Through Anti-Oxidation by Enhancing Nrf2/ARE Activation in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-oxidation is an effective strategy for curing acute kidney injury (AKI). Herein, we suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) might play an anti-oxidative role by enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation in AKI.
  
  
  METHODS
  EVs isolated from the conditioned medium of human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells and human foreskin fibroblast were intravenously injected in rats immediately after 45 min of unilateral kidney ischemia. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that renal tubular injury was alleviated and renal function was improved by MSC-EVs. Cell apoptosis and sNGAL levels, which reflect kidney cell injury, were reduced. Moreover, MSC-EVs decreased oxidative stress in injured kidney tissues and NRK-52E cells under hypoxia injury. Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) enhancement and HO-1 up-regulation were further observed after MSC-EV treatment both in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSC-EVs may protect against AKI possibly through anti-oxidation by enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Guangyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Yeqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yingjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D061745:Antioxidant Response Elements / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat