title: Manual Provocation Test for Intermittent Involutional Entropion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the manual provocation test (MPT), a novel test for intermittent involutional entropion of the lower eyelid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patients with intermittent entropion who presented with ocular irritation and documented inward eyelid rotation by them or their referring physicians, but who had no apparent entropion at the time of initial consultation. Results of the MPT were recorded for this group, and then evaluated prospectively in an age-matched comparison group of patients presenting for blepharoplasty who had no history of entropion. The essential steps of the MPT are as follows. Step 1: the lower eyelid skin is grasped below the inferior border of the tarsal plate. Step 2: the lid is drawn anteriorly as with the eyelid distraction test. Step 3: the patient is directed to forcefully close the eyelids. Step 4: the eyelid is released and the result is observed for manifest entropion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen eyelids in 12 patients with intermittent involutional lower eyelid entropion were included in this study. Average patient age was 77.3 years (±9.5 SD). The MPT elicited entropion in all 13 eyelids. Of the 12 patients, 9 elected to pursue surgery and, of these patients, all eyelids were successfully treated with subsequent improvement of symptoms. The MPT was thereafter negative in these patients. None of the 20 patients in the blepharoplasty comparison group (average age 71.6 years) demonstrated a positive MPT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MPT can be a valuable and straightforward test in the clinical evaluation of patients with a history of intermittent entropion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Lions Eye Institute, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Rahul S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tonk
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004774:Entropion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies