title: The Tao survivorship of schistosomes: implications for schistosomiasis control.
abstract: Schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, is a major public health problem which contributes substantially to the economic and financial burdens of many nations in the developing world. An array of survival strategies, such as the unique structure of the tegument which acts as a major host-parasite interface, immune modulation mechanisms, gene regulation, and apoptosis and self-renewal have been adopted by schistosome parasites over the course of long-term evolution with their mammalian definitive hosts. Recent generation of complete schistosome genomes together with numerous biological, immunological, high-throughput "-omics" and gene function studies have revealed the Tao or strategies that schistosomes employ not only to promote long-term survival, but also to ensure effective life cycle transmission. New scenarios for the future control of this important neglected tropical disease will present themselves as our understanding of these Tao increases.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: Pengfei.Cai@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoffrey N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Gobert
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: Don.McManus@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McManus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis; D049751:Genome, Helminth / Q000502:physiology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012072:Religious Philosophies; D012547:Schistosoma / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000191:economics / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth
keywords: CRISPR-Cas system; Drug target identification; Epigenetic control; Host-schistosome interface; Immunomodulation; Schistosomiasis; Transmission blocking vaccine; microRNAs