title: Development of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction: determination of citrinin in rice samples by liquid chromatography with UV diode array detection.
abstract: In this work, we report the synthesis of novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (m-MIPs) and their application to the selective extraction of the mycotoxin citrinin (CIT) from food samples. The polymers were prepared by surface imprinting of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, using 2-naphtholic acid (2-NA) as template molecule, N-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-4-vinylphenyl urea and methacrylamide as functional monomers and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. The resulting material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies (FT-IR). The polymers were used to develop a solid-phase extraction method (m-MISPE) for the selective recovery of CIT from rice extracts prior to its determination by HPLC with UV diode array detection. The method involves ultrasound-assisted extraction of the mycotoxin from rice samples with (7:3, v/v) methanol/water, followed by sample cleanup and preconcentration with m-MIP. The extraction (washing and elution) conditions were optimized and their optimal values found to provide CIT recoveries of 94-98 % with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 3.4 % (n = 3) for preconcentrated sample extracts (5 mL) fortified with the analyte at concentrations over the range 25-100 μg kg(-1). Based on the results, the application of the m-MIPs facilitates the accurate and efficient determination of CIT in rice extracts.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Optosensors and Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain. jurracar@quim.ucm.es.|CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. jurracar@quim.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Javier L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Urraca
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huertas-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Chemical Optosensors and Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo Aragoneses
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cazorla
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gracia-Mora
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Campaña
authors.affiliation: Chemical Optosensors and Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain. mcmbondi@ucm.es.
authors.forename: María Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moreno-Bondi
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002953:Citrinin / Q000032:analysis*; D008280:Magnetics; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D002953:Citrinin
keywords: Citrinin; Cleanup; Molecular imprinting; Mycotoxins; Rice