title: Doxorubicin enhances (131)I-rituximab induced cell death in Raji cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are various therapeutic modalities of treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but with certain limitations, hence, investigating the scope of combined therapeutic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, cellular toxicity, apoptosis and expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway proteins were investigated in Raji cells preincubated with doxorubicin followed by (131)I-rituximab (rituximab radiolabeled with Iodine-131) treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the (131)I-rituximab in combination with doxorubicin showed a higher amount of cell toxicity and apoptosis compared to respective controls. Expression of anti-apoptotic protein (B-cell lymphoma-extra-large) was downregulated and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, a marker of apoptosis was higher in cells treated with doxorubicin (2 μg/mL) and 131 I-rituximab (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, in these cells the basal level of expression of p42/44 and p38 were increased while its phosphorylation was decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that doxorubicin has the potential to sensitize (131)I-rituximab induced cell death in Raji cells.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Isotope Applications and Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000069283:Rituximab; D004317:Doxorubicin; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases