title: Is Modulation of Oxidative Stress an Answer? The State of the Art of Redox Therapeutic Actions in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
abstract: The central nervous system is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress due to many reasons, including its high oxygen consumption even under basal conditions, high production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species from specific neurochemical reactions, and the increased deposition of metal ions in the brain with aging. For this reason, along with inflammation, oxidative stress seems to be one of the main inducers of neurodegeneration, causing excitotoxicity, neuronal loss, and axonal damage, ultimately being now considered a key element in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Thus, the present paper reviews the role of oxidative stress and of its mechanistic insights underlying the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases, with particular focus on current studies on its modulation as a potential and promising therapeutic strategy.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chiurchiù
authors.affiliation: European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2602-3281
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlacchio
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3990-2963
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccarrone
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015419:Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010100:Oxygen