title: Consensus on Current Injectable Treatment Strategies in the Asian Face.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The desire for and use of nonsurgical injectable esthetic facial treatments are increasing in Asia. The structural and anatomical features specific to the Asian face, and differences from Western populations in facial aging, necessitate unique esthetic treatment strategies, but published recommendations and clinical evidence for injectable treatments in Asians are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Asian Facial Aesthetics Expert Consensus Group met to discuss current practices and consensus opinions on the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, alone and in combination, for facial applications in Southeastern and Eastern Asians. Consensus opinions and statements on treatment aims and current practice were developed following discussions regarding pre-meeting and meeting survey outcomes, peer-reviewed literature, and the experts' clinical experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indications and patterns of use of injectable treatments vary among patients of different ages, and among Asian countries. The combination use of botulinum toxin and fillers increases as patients age. Treatment aims in Asians and current practice regarding the use of botulinum toxin and HA fillers in the upper, middle, and lower face of patients aged 18 to >55 years are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In younger Asian patients, addressing proportion and structural features and deficiencies are important to achieve desired esthetic outcomes. In older patients, maintaining facial structure and volume and addressing lines and folds are essential to reduce the appearance of aging. This paper provides guidance on treatment strategies to address the complex esthetic requirements in Asian patients of all ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that the authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Camden Medical Centre, Woffles Wu Aesthetic Surgery and Laser Centre, 1 Orchard Boulevard, Suite #09-02, Singapore, 249615, Singapore. woffles@woffleswu.com.
authors.forename: Woffles T L
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shape Clinic, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: The Specialists: Lasers, Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Central, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wilson W S
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nantapat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Supapannachart
authors.affiliation: Image Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: REJUVA Clinic, Surabaya, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Adri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prasetyo
authors.affiliation: JY Dermatology and Aesthetic Center, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Jonathan Nevin
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Affairs, Allergan Asia Pacific, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers
keywords: Aging; Botulinum toxin; Esthetic outcomes; Facial esthetics; Hyaluronic acid fillers; Treatment strategies