title: Brief Report: Macrophage Activation in HIV-Infected Adolescent Males Contributes to Differential Bone Loss by Sex: Adolescent Trials Network Study 021.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that rates of low bone mass are greater in HIV-infected males than females. Of 11 biomarkers assessed by sex and HIV-status, HIV-infected males had increased levels of soluble CD14 which inversely correlated with bone mineral content and bone mineral density measures, suggesting macrophage activation as a possible mechanism of differential bone loss.
authors.affiliation: *Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; †Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; ‡Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and §Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Nicole H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rollie
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sleasman
authors.forename: Grace M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Aldrovandi
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult