title: Encoding and Recognition Processing of Chinese Characters: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the conceptual memory processes that underlie encoding and recognition processing of Chinese characters. Healthy participants (n = 14) performed a semantic-relatedness paradigm using categorically related logogram pairs from four different categories (fruit, animal, tool, and clothing). During intentional encoding, subjects were instructed to make semantic judgments and select category-correlated features to bind and memorize logogram pairs. During recognition, subjects were asked to recognize the memorized items. The MATLAB software and spatial clustering analysis were used for image data processing. Compared with baseline, encoding mainly activated BA13, with significant effects in BA6/8/9/46/45/47, BA24, BA7/39/40, BA37/20, and BA18/19; meanwhile, recognition mainly activated BA6/8/9/10/13/45/46/47, BA31, BA7/40, and BA18/19. Compared with recognition, encoding activated BA18/19/37/20/36 with a peak activation area in BA18. Compared with encoding, recognition significantly activated BA7, BA31/32, and BA10. In conclusion, distributed networks of discrete cortical regions with distinct roles are active during semantic processing of logograms. The ventral occipitotemporal and inferior frontal regions display increased levels of encoding-related activity. The dorsal medial brain regions, including the superior frontal gyrus and occipitoparietal regions, are associated with recognition-related activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China.
authors.forename: Siyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572014, China.
authors.forename: Zengqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D012660:Semantics