title: The PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the pathogenesis of urothelial bladder cancer and evaluating its potential as a therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham Medical School, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Antonio D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bardoli
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viney
authors.affiliation: Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porfiri
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarkar
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.|University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: B7-H1; PD-1; PD-L1; bladder cancer; outcome; pathogenesis; target; urothelial carcinoma