title: Quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus: description in a cohort of French patients and association with blood hydroxychloroquine levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Benefits of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use on physician reported outcomes are well documented in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assess for the first time the association and predictive value of blood HCQ levels towards health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the PLUS study (a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study) were utilized. Blood HCQ levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography along with HRQOL assessments (Medical Outcomes Study-SF-36) at baseline (V1) and month 7 (V2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  166 SLE patients' data were analysed. Mean (SD) age and disease duration were 44.4 (10.7) and 9.3 (6.8) years. Eighty-seven per cent were women. Mean (SD, median, IQR) HCQ concentrations in the blood at V1 were 660 (314, 615, 424) ng/ml and increased to 1020 (632, 906, 781) ng/ml at V2 (mean difference 366 units, 95% confidence interval -472 to -260, p < 0.001). No significant correlations between HCQ concentrations with HRQOL domains at V1 or V2 were noted. There were no differences in HRQOL stratified by HCQ concentrations. HCQ concentrations at V1 or changes in HCQ concentration (V2-V1) were not predictive of HRQOL at V2 or changes in HRQOL (V2-V1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association of HCQ concentrations with current or longitudinal HRQOL were found in SLE.
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA Meenakshi_Jolly@rush.edu nathalie.costedoat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité and AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, service d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galicier
authors.affiliation: Université de Clermont-Ferrand and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, service de médecine interne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aumaître
authors.affiliation: UPMC, Université Paris 6 and AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, service de dermatologie allergologie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Francès
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Decartes and AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Le Guern
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité and AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, service de rhumatologie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lioté
authors.affiliation: CHU Amiens, Hôpital Nord, service de médecine interne, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smail
authors.affiliation: UPEC; AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, service de médecine interne, Créteil, France.
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authors.lastname: Limal
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, service de médecine interne, Lyon, France.
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authors.lastname: Perard
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, service de médecine interne, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Desmurs-Clavel
authors.affiliation: UPMC, Université Paris 6 and AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: D L T H
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Boutin
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité and AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, service d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asli
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Foch, service de médecine interne, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: J-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Université Paul-Sabatier and CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, service de néphrologie, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pourrat
authors.affiliation: Université Paul-Sabatier and CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, service de médecine interne, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sailler
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Foch, service de médecine interne, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité and AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Papo
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité and AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sacré
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Saint Antoine, DHU i2B, service de médecine interne, Université Paris 6.
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authors.lastname: Fain
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
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authors.lastname: Stirnemann
authors.affiliation: APHP, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpétriére Paris, France; DHU Inflammation, Immunopathologie, Biothérapie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France; UMR 7211 (UPMC/CNRS), UMR S-959 (INSERM).
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacoub
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Decartes and AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jallouli
authors.affiliation: UPMC, Université Paris 6 and AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.affiliation: UPMC, Université Paris 6 and AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de gériatrie Pr Verny, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen-Bittan
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hulot
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: UPMC, Université Paris 6 and AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amoura
authors.affiliation: UPMC, Université Paris 6 and AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Piette
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Decartes and AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, service de médecine interne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Costedoat-Chalumeau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine
keywords: Hydroxychloroquine; blood concentration; patient reported outcomes; quality of life; systemic lupus erythematosus