title: Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Hydrogel Scaffolds Derived from Decellularized Bone Extracellular Matrix and Collagen Type I.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on hydrogel scaffolds derived from bone extracellular matrix (bECM) in comparison to those seeded on collagen I (Col-I), one of the main components of dental pulp ECM.
  
  
  METHODS
  DPSCs isolated from human third molars were characterized for surface marker expression and odontogenic potential prior to seeding into bECM or Col-I hydrogel scaffolds. The cells were then seeded onto bECM and Col-I hydrogel scaffolds and cultured under basal conditions or with odontogenic and growth factor (GF) supplements. DPSCs cultivated on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) with and without supplements were used as controls. Gene expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and mineral deposition was observed by Von Kossa staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When DPSCs were cultured on bECM hydrogels, the mRNA expression levels of DSPP, DMP-1 and MEPE genes were significantly upregulated with respect to those cultured on Col-I scaffolds or TCPS in the absence of extra odontogenic inducers. In addition, more mineral deposition was observed on bECM hydrogel scaffolds as demonstrated by Von Kossa staining. Moreover, DSPP, DMP-1 and MEPE mRNA expressions of DPSCs cultured on bECM hydrogels were further upregulated by the addition of GFs or osteo/odontogenic medium compared to Col-I treated cells in the same culture conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the potential of the bECM hydrogel scaffolds to stimulate odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
authors.affiliation: Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paduano
authors.affiliation: Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Calabrodental, Crotone, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shakesheff
authors.affiliation: Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatullo
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008963:Molar; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D020100:Hydrogels; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C513309:DMP1 protein, human; C486579:MEPE protein, human