title: The Role of the Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathomechanism of the Age-Related Ocular Diseases and Other Pathologies of the Anterior and Posterior Eye Segments in Adults.
abstract: The reactive oxygen species (ROS) form under normal physiological conditions and may have both beneficial and harmful role. We search the literature and current knowledge in the aspect of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of anterior and posterior eye segment diseases in adults. ROS take part in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, stimulating apoptosis of corneal cells. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma stimulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways on the level of the trabecular meshwork and promoting retinal ganglion cells apoptosis and glial dysfunction in the posterior eye segment. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and traumatic optic neuropathy. ROS induce apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. ROS promote apoptosis of vascular and neuronal cells and stimulate inflammation and pathological angiogenesis in the course of diabetic retinopathy. ROS are associated with the pathophysiological parainflammation and autophagy process in the course of the age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed", Ulica Bohaterów Monte Cassino 3, 40-231 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nita
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan City Hospital, Ulica Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland; Chair of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Ulica Żołnierska 14 C, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D003317:Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005642:Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology; D008268:Macular Degeneration; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D057972:Posterior Eye Segment / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species