title: Bile acids in drug induced liver injury: Key players and surrogate markers.
abstract: Bile acid research has gained great momentum since the role of bile acids as key signaling molecules in the enterohepatic circulation was discovered. Their physiological function in regulating their own homeostasis, as well as energy and lipid metabolism make them interesting targets for the pharmaceutical industry in the context of diseases such as bile acid induced diarrhea, bile acid induced cholestasis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Changes in bile acid homeostasis are also linked to various types of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, the key question whether bile acids are surrogate markers for monitoring DILI or key pathogenic players in the onset and progression of DILI is under intense investigation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the different facets of bile acids in the context of normal physiology, hereditary defects of bile acid transport and DILI.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety, Discovery and Investigative Safety, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heiko S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schadt
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety, Discovery and Investigative Safety, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety, Discovery and Investigative Safety, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pognan
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety, Discovery and Investigative Safety, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Salah-Dine
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chibout
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety, Discovery and Investigative Safety, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merz
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety and Epidemiology, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: gerd.kullak@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Gerd A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kullak-Ublick
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000166:cytology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D004764:Enterohepatic Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D015415:Biomarkers