title: Effects of Posture and Body Mass Index on Body Girth Assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of posture on body girth assessment among hospitalized adults and older adults. We further explored the influence of body mass index (BMI) on this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized adult patients. Arm, waist, hip, and calf girths were obtained for each patient in standing and supine positions. Body girths were obtained in the 2 body positions, and differences were compared according to BMI normal-weight and overweight categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 123 patients (27.6% aged ≥65 years) composed the study sample. Significant differences were found between measurements obtained in standing and supine positions, ranging from 0.6-1.1 cm. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were ≥0.97, and agreement ranged from 81.3%-87% (weighted κ ≥ 0.84). Similar results were found when differences were stratified by BMI categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although body girth assessment in standing and supine positions in hospitalized adults and older adults differs, these differences are small and are not dependent on BMI categories.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal sofia.limas.sousa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Sofia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Nutrição e Alimentação, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Nutrição e Alimentação, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pichel
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal UISPA-INEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa Freitas
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Amaral
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture
keywords: anthropometry; body composition; body girths; body mass index; posture