title: Effects of Nonpurified and Choline Supplemented or Nonsupplemented Purified Diets on Hepatic Steatosis and Methionine Metabolism in C3H Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies indicated that nonpurified and purified commercially available control murine diets have different metabolic effects with potential consequences on hepatic methionine metabolism and liver histology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the metabolic and histological effects of commercial nonpurified (13% calories from fat; 57% calories from carbohydrates with 38 grams/kg of sucrose) and purified control diets (12% calories from fat; 69% calories from carbohydrates with ∼500 grams/kg of sucrose) with or without choline supplementation administered to C3H mice with normal lipid and methionine metabolism. Diets were started 2 weeks before mating, continued through pregnancy and lactation, and continued in offspring until 24 weeks of age when we collected plasma and liver tissue to study methionine and lipid metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to mice fed nonpurified diets, the liver/body weight ratio was significantly higher in mice fed either purified diet, which was associated with hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Plasma alanine aminotransferase levels were higher in mice receiving the purified diets. The hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio was higher in female mice fed purified compared to nonpurified diet (4.6 ± 2 vs. 2.8 ± 1.9; P < 0.05). Choline supplementation was associated with improvement of some parameters of lipid and methionine metabolism in mice fed purified diets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard nonpurified and purified diets have significantly different effects on development of steatosis in control mice. These findings can help in development of animal models of fatty liver and in choosing appropriate laboratory control diets for control animals.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Raisa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Noreene M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: 2 Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Kusum K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kharbanda
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Ruijun J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.affiliation: 5 Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Kyoungmi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Halsted
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Medici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine; D008715:Methionine; D002794:Choline