title: The overlap of upper functional gastrointestinal disorders with irritable bowel syndrome in Chinese outpatients: A multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disease, and the overlap with upper functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is popular. However, the coexistent upper GI symptom profiles, upper FGID spectra, and related risk factors among IBS subjects remain unclear in mainland of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients from the outpatient gastroenterology clinics of three tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled in this multicenter study. All upper GI symptoms occurring at least once a week in the last 3 months were recorded. Diagnostic criteria of functional esophageal, gastroduodenal disorders and IBS were based on Rome III criteria. Risk factors were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 8906 consecutive patients, 751 patients met Rome III criteria for IBS and 735 IBS patients participated in the interview. Postprandial fullness (30.6%), belching (27.1%), and regurgitation (21.8%) were the three most prevalent upper GI symptoms in IBS. Functional dyspepsia (FD, 36.7%), belching disorders (27.1%), and functional heartburn (16.3%) were the three most frequent upper FGID in IBS patients. Female sex, divorced or widowed versus married status, defecation straining, reduced bowel movement, mixed IBS, abdominal distention, mild abdominal pain, moderate discomfort were positively associated with IBS-FD overlap. Female sex, drinking, moderate discomfort, and mild to moderate distension were independent risk factors for IBS-belching disorder overlap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides detailed overlap spectra of upper FGID with IBS. Mixed IBS is an important risk factor for IBS-FD overlap, which deserved more concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. sunny888@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Yun Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Naval General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Qurratulain
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004884:Eructation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006356:Heartburn / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: belching; dyspepsia; heartburn; irritable bowel syndrome