title: The effect of surgery (Ovariohysterectomy) on the plasma disposition of meloxicam following intravenous administration in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meloxicam (MLX) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the relief of postoperative pain for human and veterinary medicine. This study was designed to investigate the effect of surgery on the plasma disposition of MLX in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy following a single intravenous injection at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight. Eight crossbred bitches were used in the study. A two-phase experimental design with a 10-day washout period was used. Pre-operative MLX was administered intravenously to 8 bitches about 10 days before surgery (Phase I, control) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight and peri-operative MLX was administered intravenously after anaesthesia and 15 min before the start of surgery (Phase II). Blood samples were collected from all animals at various times between 1 and 96 h after the drug administrations in both phases. The drug concentrations were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volume of plasma MLX distribution at steady-state (Vdss) of the control group (Vdss: 263.0 ml/kg) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared to that of the surgery group (Vdss: 149.3 ml/kg). The AUC values were higher (29.5 vs. 23.0 μg.h(2)/ml) and the CL values were lower (7.7 vs. 10.5 ml.h/kg) in the surgery group compared to the control group, respectively, but differences were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicated that surgery could alter the plasma disposition of MLX and thus the drug efficacy and side effects such as gastrointestinal ulceration, unusual bleeding and loss of kidney function/failure when repeated doses are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Isikli Koyu, Aydin, Turkey. umitkarademir@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karademir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey. dilekaksit@balikesir.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aksit
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Isikli Koyu, Aydin, Turkey. ckum@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Cavit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Isikli Koyu, Aydin, Turkey. hasaner09@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Isikli Koyu, Aydin, Turkey. hakan.ucar@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Eyup Hakan
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ucar
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Isikli Koyu, Aydin, Turkey. cevdet.peker@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Cevdet
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey. cengizgokbulut@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gokbulut
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D000077239:Meloxicam; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077239:Meloxicam