title: Prevalence of job-related distress and satisfaction in a nationwide cardiology setting: The IANUS - itAliaN cardiologists' Undetected distress Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiologists' work distress has been seldom studied. The ItAliaN cardiologists' Undetected distress Study survey was designed to assess prevalence of work distress and satisfaction, and to gain insight into associations among these constructs and socio-demographics and job description.
  
  
  METHODS
  We invited members of our national cardiological society (Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri) to participate in an anonymous, self-report, exclusively web-based survey, posted on the Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri website. ItAliaN cardiologists' Undetected distress Study included socio-demographics, job description and a 15-item questionnaire on job-related distress and work satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 7393 invited cardiologists, 1064 completed the survey. Organizational problems and worries about medico-legal controversies were reported by 71% and 49% of participants, respectively; over one-third reported loss of enthusiasm, helplessness, work-life imbalance and lack of control over work. Conversely, 86% felt competent at work, 67% rewarded by the moral/human meaning of their work and 52% satisfied with their professional fulfilment. Factor analysis revealed a meaningful underlying structure including four factors: job strain, positive meaning, emotional fatigue and relational difficulties. Relational difficulties were more frequent in cardiologists working in primary-level than in secondary and tertiary care hospitals (P = 0.017 and P = 0.013, respectively). Interventional cardiologists reported higher positive meaning than those in the clinical inpatients area and outpatient diagnostic settings (P = 0.007 and P = 0.025, respectively) and lower emotional fatigue than subjects in the clinical inpatients area (P = 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiologists' work distress should be interpreted integrating job-related negative aspects with a reappraisal of protective personal and relational resources, which should be fostered to promote physicians' wellbeing at the individual, collective and organizational levels.
authors.affiliation: aPsychology Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCSS, Scientific Institute of Montescano (PV) bCardiology Department, Istituti Ospitalieri, ASST Cremona cCNR Clinical Phsyiology Institute, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department, ASST Great Metropolitan Hospital Niguarda, Milan dCardiovascular Center, AAS 1 Triestina, Trieste eDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCSS, Scientific Institute of Montescano (PV) fCardiovascular Sciences Department, Cardiology-ICU Umberto I°, Lancisi-Salesi Hospital, Ancona gCardiology Department, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence hCardiology, - San Filippo Neri Hospital ASL RM1, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Majani
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Tano
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giardini
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maestri
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milli
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aspromonte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000072096:Cardiologists / Q000523:psychology*; D034742:Electronic Mail; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D057566:Self Report; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*