title: [Pain syndrome of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents].
abstract: Chronic pain syndromes in children and adolescents are defined as continuous or recurrent pain without an underlying causative diagnosis and lasting for more than 3 months. It is estimated that every fourth child in Germany suffers from chronic pain with every twentieth suffering from extreme recurrent pain. The incidence of chronic pain in children and adolescents is increasing with headache, abdominal pain and musculoskeletal pain being the most frequent. The quality of life declines not only due to the pain but to relieving postural and psychological factors, such as fear and sadness. School attendance, social activities and hobbies are mostly affected. This review summarizes the background of chronic pain syndromes and introduces a multimodal therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Schmerztherapie junger Menschen, Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Gehfeldstr. 24, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Höfel
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Schmerztherapie junger Menschen, Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Gehfeldstr. 24, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Draheim
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Schmerztherapie junger Menschen, Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Gehfeldstr. 24, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Häfner
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Schmerztherapie junger Menschen, Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Gehfeldstr. 24, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland. haas.johannes-peter@rheuma-kinderklinik.de.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Children and adolescents; Chronic pain; Complex regional pain syndrome; Multimodal pain therapy; Musculoskeletal pain