title: Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients in Nile Delta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) in cirrhotic patients occurs mainly from esophageal and gastric varices; however, quite a large number of cirrhotic patients bleed from other sources as well. The aim of the present work is to determine the prevalence of non-variceal UGIB as well as its different causes among the cirrhotic portal hypertensive patients in Nile Delta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy for AUGIB was done in 650 patients. Out of these patients, 550 (84.6%) patients who were proved to have cirrhosis were the subject of the present study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From all cirrhotic portal hypertensive patients, 415 (75.5%) bled from variceal sources (esophageal and gastric) while 135 (24.5%) of them bled from non-variceal sources. Among variceal sources of bleeding, esophageal varices were much more common than gastric varices. Peptic ulcer was the most common non-variceal source of bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-variceal bleeding in cirrhosis was not frequent, and sources included peptic ulcer, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and erosive disease of the stomach and duodenum.
authors.affiliation: Hepatogastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mamdouh Ahmed
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gabr
authors.affiliation: Hepatogastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt. m_atawfik@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed Abd El-Raouf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.affiliation: Hepatogastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abd Allah Ahmed
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Sawy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cirrhosis; Non-variceal; Portal hypertension; Upper gastrointestinal bleeding