title: Antibiotic Resistance among Urinary Isolates from Female Outpatients in the United States in 2003 and 2012.
abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed using The Surveillance Network, USA, to examine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among urine isolates from U.S. female outpatients in 2012 and assessed trends in antibiotic resistance comparing data from 2003 and 2012. The most common pathogen identified in 2012 (n = 285,325) was Escherichia coli (64.9% of isolates). In 2012, E. coli resistance to nitrofurantoin was low (<3%) across all age groups. E. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin was high among adults (11.8%) and elderly outpatients (29.1%). When comparing the 2003 and 2012 data from isolates from adults, E. coli resistance to nitrofurantoin changed only slightly (from 0.7% to 0.9%), whereas increases in resistance to ciprofloxacin (3.6% to 11.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (17.2% to 22.2%) changed substantially. In the United States, E. coli has become increasingly resistant to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in adult female outpatients. Nitrofurantoin retains high levels of antibiotic activity against urinary E. coli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Guillermo V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babiker
authors.affiliation: Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, Chantilly, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Master
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Anisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, USA jbordon@provhosp.org.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bordon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D009582:Nitrofurantoin