title: Effects of heat treatment on chitosan nanocomposite film reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose and tannic acid.
abstract: This article presents an analysis of the influence of heat treatment on chitosan nanocomposite film. A series of samples comprising: pure chitosan film, chitosan film embedded with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), chitosan film crosslinked with tannic acid and chitosan film with a blend of NCC and tannic acid were heat treated using a convection oven. Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction test (XRD) shows the changes in chemical interaction of the heat treated films. The heat treated films show significant improvements in moisture absorption. Tensile strength and Young's Modulus were increased up to 7MPa and 259MPa, respectively when the samples were subjected to heat treatment. For the NCC particles, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to inspect the structural properties of cellulose particle in suspension form.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rubentheren
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: DrTomWard@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ching Yern
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Praveena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Erfan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salami
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fearday
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D013634:Tannins; D014867:Water; D002482:Cellulose; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan film; Heat treatment; Nanocrystalline cellulose; Tannic acid; Thin film