title: Association Between Cd Exposure and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: Several observational studies on the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer.Relevant studies in PubMed and Embase databases were retrieved until October 2015. We compared the highest and lowest meta-analyses to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer. Summary estimates were obtained using a random-effects model.In the general population, high Cd exposure was not associated with increased prostate cancer (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.91-1.64), whereas the combined standardized mortality ratio of the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer was 1.66 (95% CI 1.10-2.50) in populations exposed to occupational Cd. In addition, high D-Cd intake (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96-1.20) and U-Cd concentration (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.48-1.55) among the general population was not related to the increased risk of prostate cancer. In the dose analysis, the summary relative risk was 1.07 (95% CI 0.73-1.57) for each 0.5 μg/g creatinine increase in U-Cd and 1.02 (95% CI 0.99-1.06) for each 10 μg/day increase of dietary Cd intake. However, compared with nonoccupational exposure, high occupational Cd exposure may be associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer.This meta-analysis suggests high Cd exposure as a risk factor for prostate cancer in occupational rather than nonoccupational populations. However, these results should be carefully interpreted because of the significant heterogeneity among studies. Additional large-scale and high-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery (SJ-K), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou; Department of Urology (D-BY, H-FR, T-FC, B-SL, J-GZ), Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang; Department of Urology (X-MX), Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo; Department of Urology (F-NJ, W-DZ, J-GZ), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guangzhou; and Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province (F-NJ, W-DZ, J-GZ), The First Affiliated, Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ju-Kun
authors.forename: Dong-Bo
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hao-Fu
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Tian-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bo-Shi
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fu-Neng
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wei-De
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium