title: Effect of Topical Fluoride on Surface of Cast Titanium and Nickel-Chromium: An In Vitro Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of topical fluoride on surface of cast titanium and nickel-chromium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine rectangular specimens of titanium (grade 2) and 39 rectangular specimens of nickel-chromium were cast in equal dimensions and divided into three groups of 13 samples each. Group one specimens of titanium and nickel-chromium were placed in 2% neutral sodium fluoride (NaF) solution for 16 minutes. Group two specimens of titanium and nickel-chromium were immersed in 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel for eight minutes. Group three specimens of titanium and nickel-chromium were immersed in distilled water for 16 minutes. The surface roughness of the specimens was evaluated and the data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc comparison test with the level of significance set at 5% (P< 0.05). The surface of the specimens was further analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group two titanium specimens showed a statistically significant increase in surface roughness (P<0.05); but no statistically significant increase was noted in the surface roughness of nickel-chromium specimens in groups one, two and three (P>0.05). Qualitative SEM and EDS analyses further revealed the surface corrosion of titanium (group two) and localized mild corrosive pitting of nickel-chromium specimens (group two).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical fluoride with acidic pH affects the surface roughness of titanium and to a certain extent, nickel-chromium. Neutral NaF solutions cause no significant change in corrosion resistance of titanium or nickel-chromium.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, D.Y. Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Gayatri Sheena
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Suvarna
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, S.D.M College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh Khandurao
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nadiger
authors.affiliation: Professor, Head of Department of Prosthodontics, D.Y. Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Omkar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shetty
keywords: Corrosion; Fluorides; Titanium