title: Simultaneous blood flow and blood oxygenation measurements using a combination of diffuse speckle contrast analysis and near-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: A combined diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA)-near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system is proposed to simultaneously measure qualitative blood flow and blood oxygenation changes in human tissue. The system employs an optical switch to alternate two laser sources at two different wavelengths and a CCD camera to capture the speckle image. Therefore, an optical density can be measured from two wavelengths for NIRS measurements and a speckle contrast can be calculated for DSCA measurements. In order to validate the system, a flow phantom test and an arm occlusion protocol for arterial and venous occlusion were performed. Shorter exposure times (<1 ms ) show a higher drop (between 50% and 66%) and recovery of 1/K²S values after occlusion (approximately 150%), but longer exposure time (3 ms) shows more consistent hemodynamic changes. For four subjects, the 1/K²S values dropped to an average of 82.1±4.0% during the occlusion period and the average recovery of 1/K²S values after occlusion was 109.1±0.8% . There was also an approximately equivalent amplitude change in oxyhemoglobin (OHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (RHb) during arterial occlusion (max RHb=0.0085±0.0024 mM/DPF, min OHb=-0.0057±0.0044 mM/DPF). The sensitivity of the system makes it a suitable modality to observe qualitative hemodynamic trends during induced physiological changes.
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Medical System Engineering, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myeongsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Information and Communications, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zephaniah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Information and Communications, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Phuong Minh
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Robotic Engineering, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeongpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chaebeom
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Robotic Engineering, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeongpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, School of Basic Sciences, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeongpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kijoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Medical System Engineering, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of KoreabGwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Information and Communications, 123 Cheomdangwagi-
authors.forename: Jae Gwan
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin