title: Persistent organic pollutants in juvenile Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in South America.
abstract: Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, are the most abundant penguins living in temperate regions of South America and are good indicators of environmental pollution in the region. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were detected in the liver of Magellanic penguins found debilitated or dead on the beaches of Brazil (states of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) between 2008 and 2012 as well as in Uruguay and Chile in 2011. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were more prevalent than organochlorine pesticides (DDTs ∼ HCB ∼ Drins) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Among PCBs, penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners were predominant. Concentrations of POPs were similar between the Pacific and Atlantic penguin populations, except for PCBs, which were relatively higher in the Pacific population. During the study years (2008-2012), large variations were found in organochlorine pesticides and PCBs tended to decline. Overall, the southern portion of South America has low concentrations of POPs, with either a constant trend or evidence of decline.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, IO-USP, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil. Electronic address: pauletsbj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baldassin
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, IO-USP, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Instituto Argonauta para a Conservação Costeira e Marinha, Rua Guarani, 835, Ubatuba, SP, Cep: 11680-000, Brazil; Aquário de Ubatuba, Rua Guarani, 859, Ubatuba, SP, CEP: 11680-000 Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Gremar, Av. Oswaldo Cruz, 1412, Guarujá, SP, CEP 11460-10, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maranho
authors.affiliation: Associação R3 Animal, Rua dos Coroas, 469 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kolesnikovas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (CECLIMAR/IB/UFRGS) e Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS), Av. Tramandaí, 976, CEP: 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Tres Pascualas Concepción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansilla
authors.affiliation: Natura Patagonia, Centro de rehabilitación leñadura, Kilometro 7 Sur, Punta Arenas, Chile.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Sociedad para la Conservacion de la Biodiversidad de Maldonado (SOCOBIOMA), Maldonado, Uruguay.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tabeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, IO-USP, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bicego
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, IO-USP, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Montone
authors.forename: Tavares
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mauricio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002677:Chile; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013020:South America; D046429:Spheniscidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D014583:Uruguay; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Liver; Organochlorine pesticides; Polybrominated diphenyl ether; Polychlorinated biphenyls; South America; Spheniscus magellanicus