title: Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity.
abstract: Typically, self-reports are used in educational research to assess student response and performance to a classroom activity. Yet, addition of biological and physiological measures such as salivary biomarkers and galvanic skin responses are rarely included, limiting the wealth of information that can be obtained to better understand student performance. A laboratory protocol to study undergraduate students' responses to classroom events (e.g., exams) is presented. Participants were asked to complete a representative exam for their degree. Before and after the laboratory exam session, students completed an academic achievement emotions self-report and an interview that paralleled these questions when participants wore a galvanic skin sensor and salivary biomarkers were collected. Data collected from the three methods resulted in greater depth of information about students' performance when compared to the self-report. The work can expand educational research capabilities through more comprehensive methods for obtaining nearer to real-time student responses to an examination activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Education, Utah State University; idalis.villanueva@usu.edu.
authors.forename: Idalis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Education, Utah State University.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valladares
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Education, Utah State University.
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goodridge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers