title: Microglial Polarization and Inflammatory Mediators After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high mortality and morbidity. When a diseased artery within the brain bursts, expansion and absorption of the resulting hematoma trigger a series of reactions that cause primary and secondary brain injury. Microglia are extremely important for removing the hematoma and clearing debris, but they are also a source of ongoing inflammation. This article discusses the role of microglial activation/polarization and related inflammatory mediators, such as Toll-like receptor 4, matrix metalloproteinases, high-mobility group protein box-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase, and iron, in secondary injury after ICH and highlights the potential targets for ICH treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qingwu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. wuher_2008@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: Inflammatory mediators; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Microglia