title: In Vitro Photoirradiation System for Simultaneous Irradiation with Different Light Doses at a Fixed Temperature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this work an irradiance and temperature controlled in-vitro system for conducting investigations in PDT and phototherapy is presented.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The development of new light sources has caused a considerable increase in research and application of several photodynamic (PDT) therapeutic methods, as well as other light-based therapeutic techniques. However, further work is needed to fully understand and elucidate the mechanisms as well as to increase the effectiveness of PDT. Nowadays, there are no commercial systems to perform automated light exposure experiments with cultured cells. Also, there are very few reports of similar photoirradiation systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The system is composed of 24 independent light-emitting diodes that can be used to irradiate separate wells in a microwell plate. The system includes a module to measure changes in temperature within each irradiated well without contact. The light sources are placed on a plate that can easily be changed in order to irradiate at different wavelengths. The performance of the system is fully controlled with a computer, and all the experimental data are properly recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The design, construction, operation, and a full characterization of the system are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel fully automated photoirradiation system has been developed. The system allows the design of the experiments in this area with precise dosimetry, temperature, and irradiation regime controls reducing manipulation of the samples and saving time.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México.
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Hernández Quintanar
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México.
authors.forename: Fulgencio Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: López Silva
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México.
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fabila Bustos
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano Navarro
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de La Rosa Vázquez
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Onco-Physics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Patrik N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Brodin
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Onco-Physics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Chandan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Onco-Physics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Biofotónica. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Madero, México.
authors.forename: Suren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stolik Isakina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057205:Automation, Laboratory; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013696:Temperature