title: Histopathological Comparison between Bone Marrow- and Periodontium-derived Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Calvaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontitis is an important oral disease. Stem cell therapy has found its way in treatment of many diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) and osteoblast differentiated from PDLSC in comparison with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and pre-osteoblasts in calvarial defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  After proving the existence of surface markers by flow cytometry, BM-MSCs were differentiated into osteoblasts. 5 defects were made on rabbit calvaria. 3 of them were first covered with collagen membrane and then with BM-MSCs, PDLSCs, and pre-osteoblasts. The 4(th) defect was filled with collagen membrane and the 5(th) one was served as control. After 4 weeks, histological (quantitative) and histomorphological (qualitative) surveys were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cell lineages were positive for CD-90 cell marker, which was specifically related to stem cells. Alizarin red staining was done for showing mineral material. RT-PCR set up for the expression of Cbfa1 gene, BMP4 gene, and PGLAP gene, confirmed osteoblast differentiation. The findings indicated that although PDLSCs and pre-osteoblasts could be used for bone regeneration, the rate of regeneration in BM-MSCs-treated cavities was more significant (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results are probably attributable to the effective micro-environmental signals caused by different bone types and the rate of cell maturation.
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kadkhoda
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safarpour
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azmoodeh
authors.affiliation: Dental Research of Torabinejad Research Centre, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adibi
authors.affiliation: Stem Cells Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoshzaban
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bahrami
keywords: Bone regeneration; Cell Lineage; Cell- and tissue-based therapy; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mouth diseases; Osteoblasts; Periodontal ligament; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Stem cell