title: The impact of an alcohol harm reduction intervention on interpersonal violence and engagement in sex work among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya: Results from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether an alcohol harm reduction intervention was associated with reduced interpersonal violence or engagement in sex work among female sex workers (FSWs) in Mombasa, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV prevention drop-in centers in Mombasa, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  818 women 18 or older in Mombasa who visited HIV prevention drop-in centers, were moderate-risk drinkers and engaged in transactional sex in past six months (410 and 408 in intervention and control arms, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  6 session alcohol harm reduction intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 session non-alcohol related nutrition intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person interviews were conducted at enrollment, immediately post-intervention and 6-months post-intervention. General linear mixed models examined associations between intervention assignment and recent violence (physical violence, verbal abuse, and being robbed in the past 30 days) from paying and non-paying sex partners and engagement in sex work in the past 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The alcohol intervention was associated with statistically significant decreases in physical violence from paying partners at 6 months post-intervention and verbal abuse from paying partners immediately post-intervention and 6-months post-intervention. Those assigned to the alcohol intervention had significantly reduced odds of engaging in sex work immediately post-intervention and 6-months post-intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alcohol intervention was associated with reductions in some forms of violence and with reductions in engagement in sex work among FSWs in Mombasa, Kenya.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB# 7445, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States. Electronic address: ap3471@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Parcesepe
authors.affiliation: FHI 360, 359 Blackwell St., Durham, NC 27701, United States; Population Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, CA 94117, United States.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: L Engle
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB# 7445, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB# 7445, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
authors.forename: Sherri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Support for Addiction Prevention and Treatment in Africa (SAPTA), PO Box 21761 Ngong Road, 00505 Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sinkele
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Chirayath
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suchindran
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB# 7445, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
authors.forename: Ilene S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Speizer
authors.affiliation: FHI 360, The Chancery 2nd and 3rd Floor Valley Road, PO Box 38835-00623, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mwarogo
authors.affiliation: International Center for Reproductive Health, PO Box 91109, Mombasa, Kenya.
authors.forename: Nzioki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kingola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D007630:Kenya; D011477:Sex Work / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology*; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol harm reduction; HIV; Sex work; Violence