title: Diabetic Retinopathy: Animal Models, Therapies, and Perspectives.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes. Although great efforts have been made to uncover the mechanisms underlying the pathology of DR, the exact causes of DR remain largely unknown. Because of multifactor involvement in DR etiology, currently no effective therapeutic treatments for DR are available. In this paper, we review the pathology of DR, commonly used animal models, and novel therapeutic approaches. Perspectives and future directions for DR treatment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: McGinnis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000502:physiology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D056564:Sirtuin 1