title: Effects of a long-acting trace mineral rumen bolus supplement on growth performance, metabolic profiles, and trace mineral status of growing camels.
abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a long-acting trace mineral rumen bolus (TMB) supplement on the productive performance, metabolic profiles, and trace mineral status of growing camels under natural grazing conditions. Fifteen 6-month-old growing male camels (average bodyweight 139.51 ± 26.49 kg) were used in a 150-day trial. Animals were individually housed in a shaded pen and randomly assigned to receive zero (control group, CON), one (TMB1), or two (TMB2) long-acting TMBs. Feed intake was measured weekly, and camels were weighed monthly. Blood samples were collected from all camels on days 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 to obtain metabolic profiles. Zinc, selenium, copper, cobalt, and manganese concentrations were determined in the diet, serum, and liver. In comparison with controls, giving camels one TMB increased the average daily gain (14.38%; P < 0.04) and feed efficiency (13.68%; P < 0.01). Additionally, the serum and liver concentrations of zinc, copper, selenium, cobalt, and manganese were greater (P < 0.01) in camels in the TMB2 group. These data indicate that TMB supplementation has positive effects on the growth performance and trace mineral profiles of camels. Different levels, sources, and synergistic combinations of trace minerals can be used in further studies to elucidate their abilities to increase productive variables as well as their availability and cost to the camel industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. ialhidary@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Ibrahim A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Alhidary
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mutassim M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abdelrahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Raafat M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harron
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Camel; Metabolic profile; Performance; Trace minerals