title: Eyes Open on Sleep and Wake: In Vivo to In Silico Neural Networks.
abstract: Functional and effective connectivity of cortical areas are essential for normal brain function under different behavioral states. Appropriate cortical activity during sleep and wakefulness is ensured by the balanced activity of excitatory and inhibitory circuits. Ultimately, fast, millisecond cortical rhythmic oscillations shape cortical function in time and space. On a much longer time scale, brain function also depends on prior sleep-wake history and circadian processes. However, much remains to be established on how the brain operates at the neuronal level in humans during sleep and wakefulness. A key limitation of human neuroscience is the difficulty in isolating neuronal excitation/inhibition drive in vivo. Therefore, computational models are noninvasive approaches of choice to indirectly access hidden neuronal states. In this review, we present a physiologically driven in silico approach, Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM), as a means to comprehend brain function under different experimental paradigms. Importantly, DCM has allowed for the understanding of how brain dynamics underscore brain plasticity, cognition, and different states of consciousness. In a broader perspective, noninvasive computational approaches, such as DCM, may help to puzzle out the spatial and temporal dynamics of human brain function at different behavioural states.
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 8 Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Amaury
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanvinckenroye
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 8 Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vandewalle
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 8 Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, 10 Allée de la Découverte, Bâtiment B28, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4990-425X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 8 Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chellappa
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*