title: Visceral Fat Accumulation, Insulin Resistance, and Elevated Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Japanese Men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate visceral fat accumulation and markers of insulin resistance in relation to elevated depressive symptoms (EDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 4,333 male employees (mean age, 49.3 years) who underwent abdominal computed tomography scanning, measured fasting insulin, and did not self-report diabetes and mental disorders under treatment and history of cancer, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of EDS with abdominal fat deposition and markers of insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visceral fat area (VFA) and fasting insulin were significantly, positively associated with EDS. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of high VFA for the lowest through highest quartile of depression score were 1 (reference), 1.18 (0.97-1.42), 1.25 (1.02-1.54), 1.23 (1.01-1.51), respectively, and corresponding figures for high fasting insulin were 1 (reference), 0.98 (0.80-1.19), 1.12 (0.91-1.38), and 1.29 (1.06-1.57), respectively. Subcutaneous fat area was not associated with EDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that EDS is related to visceral, but not subcutaneous, fat accumulation and insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese men.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005947:Glucose