title: 3D printed titanium micro-bore columns containing polymer monoliths for reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
abstract: The potential of 3D selective laser melting (SLM) technology to produce compact, temperature and pressure stable titanium alloy chromatographic columns is explored. A micro bore channel (0.9 mm I.D. × 600 mm long) was produced within a 5 × 30 × 30 mm titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) cuboid, in form of a double handed spiral. A poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) (BuMA-co-EDMA) monolithic stationary phase was thermally polymerised within the channel for application in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The prepared monolithic column was applied to the liquid chromatographic separation of intact proteins and peptides. Peak capacities of 69-76 (for 6-8 proteins respectively) were observed during isothermal separation of proteins at 44 °C which were further increased to 73-77 using a thermal step gradient with programmed temperature from 60 °C to 35 °C using an in-house built direct-contact heater/cooler platform based upon matching sized Peltier thermoelectric modules. Rapid temperature gradients were possible due to direct-contact between the planar metal column and the Peltier module, and the high thermal conductivity of the titanium column as compared to a similar stainless steel printed column. The separation of peptides released from a digestion of E.coli was also achieved in less than 35 min with ca. 40 distinguishable peaks at 210 nm.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Vipul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talebi
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deverell
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandron
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Pavel N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Nesterenko
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heery
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Fletcher
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beirne
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Gordon G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: Brett.Paull@utas.edu.au.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paull
mesh_terms: D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; D014025:Titanium
keywords: 3D SLM titanium alloy printing; Bidirectional temperature control; Chip based chromatographic column; Peltier thermoelectric heating/cooling module; Poly(BuMA-co-EDMA) monolith; Step thermal gradient