title: Herbal preparation (HemoHIM) enhanced functional maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells mediated toll-like receptor 4.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HemoHIM, which is an herbal preparation of three edible herbs (Angelicam gigas Nakai, Cnidium offinale Makino, and Peaonia japonica Miyabe), is known to have various biological and immunological activities, but the modulatory effects of this preparation on dendritic cells (DCs)-mediated immune responses have not been examined previously. DCs are a unique group of white blood cells that initiate primary immune responses by capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, we investigated the effect of HemoHIM on the functional and phenotypic maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC I, and MHC II) and the production of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) were increased by HemoHIM in BMDCs. Furthermore, the antigen-uptake ability of BMDCs was decreased by HemoHIM, and the antigen-presenting ability of HemoHIM-treated mature BMDCs increased TLR4-dependent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrated that HemoHIM induces TLR4-mediated BMDCs functional and phenotypic maturation through in vivo and in vitro. And our study showed the antigen-presenting ability that HemoHIM-treated mature BMDCs increase CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses by in vitro. These results suggest that HemoHIM has the potential to mediate DC immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Joongang-Ro, Seokhyeon-Dong, Suncheon, 549-742, Republic of Korea. 6525140@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Sung-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. joadon09@nate.com.
authors.forename: Jong-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Joongang-Ro, Seokhyeon-Dong, Suncheon, 549-742, Republic of Korea. kang8404@nate.com.
authors.forename: Kyung-Yun
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Joongang-Ro, Seokhyeon-Dong, Suncheon, 549-742, Republic of Korea. hyh7733@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yun-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Joongang-Ro, Seokhyeon-Dong, Suncheon, 549-742, Republic of Korea. sexygirl0725@naver.com.
authors.forename: Gil-Yeon
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Radiation Research Division for Bio-Technology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea. skjo@kaeri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Sung-kee
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Radiation Research Division for Bio-Technology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea. ujung@kaeri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Uhee
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Radiation Research Division for Bio-Technology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup Campus of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea. hrpark@kaeri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hae-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Joongang-Ro, Seokhyeon-Dong, Suncheon, 549-742, Republic of Korea. sungtae@sunchon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C529537:HemoHIM; D010936:Plant Extracts; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4