title: Neuronavigated left temporal continuous theta burst stimulation in chronic tinnitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in chronic tinnitus are moderate. More precise coil localisation strategies, innovative stimulation protocols, and identification of predictors for treatment response were proposed as promising attempts to enhance treatment efficacy. In this pilot study we investigated neuronavigated continuous theta burst TMS (cTBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients received neuronavigated cTBS over the left primary auditory cortex in a randomized sham-controlled trial (verum = 12; sham = 11). Treatment response was evaluated with tinnitus questionnaires and numeric rating scales. Immediate change in numeric rating scales during the first session was used as predictor for treatment response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tinnitus was significantly reduced after treatment, but there were no superior effects between verum vs. sham treatment. Immediate change in the first treatment session predicted the response to treatment only in the verum group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, verum cTBS was not superior to sham which highlights the persistent need for improving non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of tinnitus. Future research should focus on the transfer of positive single session effects to daily treatment trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schecklmann
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tupak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Langguth
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.|Departments of Neurology/Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Csanád
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Várallyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilma
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Großmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fallgatter
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: TBS; TMS; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; auditory cortex; neuronavigation; ringing in the ears; theta burst stimulation; tinnitus