title: Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in the Context of Multiple Myeloma Treatment.
abstract: With contemporary therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma, heretofore unseen depth and rate of responses are being achieved. These strategies have paralleled improvements in outcome of multiple myeloma patients. The integration of the next generation of proteasome inhibitors and antibody therapeutics promise continued improvements in therapy with the expectation of consistent depth of response not quantifiable by current clinical methods. As such, there is a growing need to develop adequate tools to evaluate deeper disease response after therapy and to refine the response criteria including the minimal residual disease. Several emerging techniques are being evaluated for these purposes including multi-parameter flow cytometry, allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction, next-generation sequencing, and imaging modalities. In this review, we highlight the recent developments and evaluate advantages and limitations of the current technologies to assess minimal residual disease. We also discuss future applications of these methodologies in potentially guiding multiple myeloma treatment decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.|Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center/University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Taiga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishihori
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center/University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.|Department of Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center/University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. ken.shain@moffitt.org.|Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA. ken.shain@moffitt.org.|Tumor Biology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA. ken.shain@moffitt.org.|Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. ken.shain@moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shain
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
keywords: Allele-specific oligonucleotide; Flow cytometry; Imaging; Next-generation sequencing; Polymerase chain reaction