title: Correlation of TGF-β1 and oxidative stress in the blood of patients with melanoma: a clue to understanding melanoma progression?
abstract: TGF-β1 and oxidative stress are involved in cancer progression, but in melanoma, their role is still controversial. Our aim was to correlate plasma TGF-β1 levels and systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with melanoma, with or without disease metastasis, to understand their participation in melanoma progression. Thirty patients were recruited for melanoma surveillance, together with 30 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into two groups: Non-metastasis, comprising patients with tumor removal and no metastatic episode for 3 years; and Metastasis, comprising patients with a metastatic episode. The plasmatic cytokines TGF-β1, IL-1 β, and TNF-α were analyzed by ELISA. For oxidative stress, the following assays were performed: malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and thiol in plasma, and lipid peroxidation, SOD and catalase activity and GSH in erythrocytes. Patients with a metastatic episode had less circulating TGF-β1 and increased TRAP, thiol, AOPP and lipid peroxidation levels. MDA was increased in both melanoma groups, while catalase, GSH, and IL-1β was decreased in Non-metastasis patients. Significant negative correlations were observed between TGF-β1 levels and systemic MDA, and TGF-β1 levels and systemic AOPP, while a positive correlation was observed between TGF-β1 levels and erythrocyte GSH. Lower levels of TGF-β1 were related to increased oxidative stress in Metastasis patients, reinforcing new evidence that in melanoma TGF-β1 acts as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting tumor relapse. These findings provide new knowledge concerning this cancer pathophysiology, extending the possibilities of investigating new therapies based on this evidence.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Pinheiro
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: de Souza-Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasqual Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of the Pathophysiology of Muscle Adaptations, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Alessandra
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guarnier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Poliana Camila
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Marinello
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cecchini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. alcecchini@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alessandra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cecchini
mesh_terms: D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products / Q000097:blood; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C577219:CAT protein, human; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
keywords: Malondialdehyde; Melanoma; Neoplasm recurrence; Oxidative stress; Transforming growth factor beta