title: [Intracerebral hemorrhage associated with nephrotic syndrome-Prevalemce and clinical characteristics].
abstract: Of the 11,161 cases of stroke observed for over 9 years, 21 cases in which both levels of serum albumin and cholesterol were < 3 g/dl and > 250 mg/dl, respectively, were identified. Out of these 21 cases, cases of severe proteinuria, i.e., nephrotic syndrome were selected. These included 10 cases of arterial ischemic thrombosis, 2 cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and 4 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage. The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with nephrotic syndrome was 0.18% of total stroke or 0.036% intracerebral hemorrhage. Nephrotic syndrome essentially induced a hypercoagulable state. The 4 cases with intracerebral hemorrhage associated with nephrotic syndrome, however, had strong risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage, suggesting that they overcame the risk for thrombophilia. The diseases associated with the nephrotic syndrome were diabetic nephropathy and amyloidosis in 3 cases and in 1 case, respectively. The nephrotic syndrome tends to be associated with a risk for venous or arterial thrombosis. In addition, we must pay attention to intracerebral hemorrhage associated with nephrotic syndrome in cases of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital.
authors.forename: Ryuhei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimoe
authors.forename: Shinzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D015995:Prevalence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed