title: Mucosal immunity to pathogenic intestinal bacteria.
abstract: The intestinal mucosa is a particularly dynamic environment in which the host constantly interacts with trillions of commensal microorganisms, known as the microbiota, and periodically interacts with pathogens of diverse nature. In this Review, we discuss how mucosal immunity is controlled in response to enteric bacterial pathogens, with a focus on the species that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. We explain how the microbiota can shape the immune response to pathogenic bacteria, and we detail innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that drive protective immunity against these pathogens. The vast diversity of the microbiota, pathogens and immune responses encountered in the intestines precludes discussion of all of the relevant players in this Review. Instead, we aim to provide a representative overview of how the intestinal immune system responds to pathogenic bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697-4025, USA.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697-4025, USA.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behnsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697-4025, USA.
authors.forename: Sean-Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nuccio
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697-4025, USA.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raffatellu
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*