title: Cortical and subcortical vascular hypointensity on T2* weighted imaging in moyamoya disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreased cortical and subcortical vascular signals in gradient echo T2* weighted imaging have been reported in acute stroke due to major artery occlusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this cortical and subcortical vascular hypointensity (CSVH) in patients with moyamoya disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 20 consecutive patients with moyamoya disease. The numbers of CSVH in each hemisphere were counted and the numbers were compared between patients with moyamoya disease and controls. The distribution of CSVH, clinical features of cases exhibiting large numbers of CSVH and post-operative changes were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with moyamoya disease had significantly more CSVH in the middle cerebral artery territory (p < 0.001) and the anterior cerebral artery territory (p < 0.001) compared with controls. The number of CSVH was correlated significantly with regional cerebral blood flow, as shown through simple regression analysis (R = 0.461, p = 0.006), and the numbers of CSVH were significantly higher in patients with higher magnetic resonance angiography scores (p = 0.017). A given patient's total number of CSVH per hemisphere was significantly decreased after surgery (p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSVH on T2* WI may be a useful tool for diagnosing and evaluating the extent of moyamoya disease. Our small series study shows that revascularization surgery can decrease the number of CSVH.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Shouhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noshiro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanibuchi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mikuni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020771:Anterior Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BOLD effect; Ischemia; Magnetic resonance imaging; Moyamoya disease; Revascularization surgery