title: Airplane stroke syndrome.
abstract: Only 37 cases of stroke during or soon after long-haul flights have been published to our knowledge. In this retrospective observational study, we searched the Royal Melbourne Hospital prospective stroke database and all discharge summaries from 1 September 2003 to 30 September 2014 for flight-related strokes, defined as patients presenting with stroke within 14days of air travel. We hypothesised that a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an important, but not the only mechanism, of flight-related stroke. We describe the patient, stroke, and flight characteristics. Over the study period, 131 million passengers arrived at Melbourne airport. Our centre admitted 5727 stroke patients, of whom 42 (0.73%) had flight-related strokes. Flight-related stroke patients were younger (median age 65 versus 73, p<0.001), had similar stroke severity, and received intravenous thrombolysis more often than non-flight-related stroke patients. Seven patients had flight-related intracerebral haemorrhage. The aetiology of the ischaemic strokes was cardioembolic in 14/35 (40%), including seven patients with confirmed PFO, one with atrial septal defect, four with atrial fibrillation, one with endocarditis, and one with aortic arch atheroma. Paradoxical embolism was confirmed in six patients. Stroke related to air travel is a rare occurrence, less than one in a million. Although 20% of patients had a PFO, distribution of stroke aetiologies was diverse and was not limited to PFO and paradoxical embolism.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex Ministry of Health, Bahrain; Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Humaidan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: Nawaf
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia. Electronic address: atte.meretoja@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Atte
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meretoja
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000401:Aircraft; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Airplane; Aviation medicine; Flight; Plane; Stroke; Thromboembolism