title: Association between Birth Interval and Cardiovascular Outcomes at 30 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study from Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Birth interval is an important and potentially modifiable factor that is associated with child health. Whether an association exists with longer-term outcomes in adults is less well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study, the association of birth interval with markers of cardiovascular health at 30 years of age was examined. Multivariable linear regression was used with birth interval as a continuous variable and categorical variable, and effect modification by gender was explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Birth interval and cardiovascular data were present for 2,239 individuals. With birth interval as a continuous variable, no association was found but stratification by gender tended to show stronger associations for girls. When compared to birth intervals of <18 months, as binary variable, longer intervals were associated with increases in height (1.6 cm; 95% CI: 0.5, 2.8) and lean mass (1.7 kg; 95% CI: 0.2, 3.2). No difference was seen with other cardiovascular outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An association was generally not found between birth interval and cardiovascular outcomes at 30 years of age, though some evidence existed for differences between males and females and for an association with height and lean mass for birth intervals of 18 months and longer.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Devakumar
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Pelotas, Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hallal
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Pelotas, Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Pelotas, Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J C K
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001721:Birth Intervals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012044:Regression Analysis