title: Mycotoxins in wheat flour and intake assessment in Shandong province of China.
abstract: In the present study, the occurrence and contamination levels of eight mycotoxins were investigated in wheat flour samples (n = 359) from Shandong Province of China. Samples were determined using a multi-mycotoxin method based on isotope dilution ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the most frequently found mycotoxins were deoxynivalenol (DON) (97.2%), nivalenol (40.4%) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (33.4%), and mean contamination levels in positive samples were 86.7, 3.55 and 3.34 µg kg(-1), respectively. The obtained data were further used to estimate the daily intake of the local population, and indicated that wheat flour consumption contributes little to DON exposure. However, with the aim to keep the contamination levels under control and to establish a more precise evaluation of the mycotoxin burden in Shandong Province, more sample data from different harvest years and seasons are needed in the future.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , People's Republic of China.|b Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , People's Republic of China.|b Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dafeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , People's Republic of China.|b Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , People's Republic of China.|b Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jindong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , People's Republic of China.|b Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Physics, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , People's Republic of China.|b Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fengjia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005433:Flour / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014908:Triticum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D005960:Glucosides; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C542050:deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside; C038405:nivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Mycotoxins; UPLC–MS/MS; intake estimation; quantitative analysis; wheat flour