title: Exosomal microRNA Biomarkers: Emerging Frontiers in Colorectal and Other Human Cancers.
abstract: Diagnostic strategies, particularly non-invasive blood-based screening approaches, are gaining increased attention for the early detection and attenuation of mortality associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the majority of current screening approaches are inadequate at replacing the conventional CRC diagnostic procedures. Yet, due to technological advances and better understanding of molecular events underlying human cancer, a new category of biomarkers are on the horizon. Recent evidence indicates that cells release a distinct class of small vesicles called 'exosomes', which contain nucleic acids and proteins that reflect and typify host-cell molecular architecture. Intriguingly, exosomes released from cancer cells have a distinct genetic and epigenetic makeup, which allows them to undertake their tumorigenic function. From a clinical standpoint, these unique cancer-specific fingerprints present in exosomes appear to be detectable in a small amount of blood, making them very attractive substrates for developing cancer biomarkers, particularly noninvasive diagnostic approaches.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics , Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Oscar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Tovar-Camargo
authors.affiliation: a Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics , Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Shusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toden
authors.affiliation: a Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics , Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
mesh_terms: D017302:Annexins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D055354:Exosomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000099177:Tsg101 Protein
chemical_list: D017302:Annexins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099177:Tsg101 Protein; C117020:PDCD6IP protein, human
keywords: Exosomes; biomarker; cancer; colorectal cancer; diagnosis; epigenetic; microRNA