title: Maternal sleep deprivation at different stages of pregnancy impairs the emotional and cognitive functions, and suppresses hippocampal long-term potentiation in the offspring rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep deprivation during pregnancy is a serious public health problem as it can affect the health of pregnant women and newborns. However, it is not well studied whether sleep deprivation at different stages of pregnancy has similar effects on emotional and cognitive functions of the offspring, and if so, the potential cellular mechanisms also remain poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the pregnant rats were subjected to sleep deprivation for 6 h per day by gentle handling during the first (gestational days 1-7), second (gestational days 8-14) and third trimester (gestational days 15-21) of pregnancy, respectively. The emotional and cognitive functions as well as hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) were tested in the offspring rats (postnatal days 42-56).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The offspring displayed impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory, and increased depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Quantification of BrdU-positive cells revealed that adult hippocampal neurogenesis was significantly reduced compared to control. Electrophysiological recording showed that maternal sleep deprivation impaired hippocampal CA1 LTP and reduced basal synaptic transmission, as reflected by a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that maternal sleep deprivation at different stages of pregnancy disrupts the emotional and cognitive functions of the offspring that might be attributable to the suppression of hippocampal LTP and basal synaptic transmission.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. 790729452@qq.com.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. 790729452@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. 787935873@qq.com.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. 787935873@qq.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. tantao_tijmu@126.com.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. tantao_tijmu@126.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. hewenting03611@163.com.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. hewenting03611@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. zfdong@cqmu.edu.cn.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. zfdong@cqmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. ytwang@brain.ubc.ca.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. ytwang@brain.ubc.ca.|Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada. ytwang@brain.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Yu Tian
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. huili_chcmu@163.com.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China. huili_chcmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004644:Emotions; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008568:Memory; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013550:Swimming