title: Role of endoscopic surgery in the management of sinonasal and skull base schwannomas.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to report our experience with the endoscopic management of sinonasal schwannomas, analyzing the advantages, limitations, and outcomes of the technique.
  
  
  
  A retrospective analysis was carried out on 11 patients treated endoscopically between 2000 and 2014 at a single institution.
  
  
  
  Eight patients underwent an exclusive endoscopic endonasal approach, whereas, in 3 patients, an osteoplastic flap was combined because of massive or lateral frontal sinus involvement. The tumor extended into the orbit in 5 cases, and involved the skull base in 5 patients who required a concomitant endoscopic duraplasty. No evidence of disease was observed in 10 patients after a mean follow-up of 90.1 months (range, 14-189 months). One patient was alive with persistence of disease, although asymptomatic.
  
  
  
  The endoscopic endonasal approach is a valid alternative for the vast majority of sinonasal schwannomas with minimal morbidity for the patient. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2074-E2082, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.|Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.|Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karligkiotis
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.|Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turri-Zanoni
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Facco
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freguia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercuri
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pistochini
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.|Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bignami
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.|Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castelnuovo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: endoscopic endonasal approach; frontal sinus; orbit; pterygopalatine fossa; schwannoma; sinonasal benign tumors; skull base