title: Multisite musculoskeletal pain among young technical school students entering working life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need to investigate the occurrence of multisite pain in young adults and to determine potential factors contributing to the early course of multisite musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the occurrence and change of prevalence in the number of pain sites. We also wanted to identify work-related and individual risk factors associated with the number of musculoskeletal pain sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  We monitored musculoskeletal pain from 4 body regions, individual and work-related factors on 21 occasions over a 6.5 year period. The cohort consisted of 420 technical school students entering working life. Data were analyzed by generalized estimating equations (GEE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain from more than one body site was prevalent in this cohort of young adults (69 % at baseline), and the number of body sites in pain was found quite stable over the 6.5 year follow-up period. Women had higher number of pain sites compared with men and gender specific risk factors were identified. Increased mechanical workload and quantitative demands and low socioeconomic status were associated with increased number of musculoskeletal pain sites among women, while tobacco use was found as a risk factor among young men. Increased perceived muscle tension was the only factor significantly associated with increased number of pain sites in both genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study supports earlier findings and show that pain from multiple body sites are frequent also among young workers. The identification of gender specific risk factors in our study is important and may facilitate practical prevention and future research.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0336, Oslo, Norway. tno@stami.no.
authors.forename: Therese Nordberg
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Hanvold
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0336, Oslo, Norway. lalu@stami.no.
authors.forename: Lars-Kristian
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lunde
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0336, Oslo, Norway. mako@stami.no.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0336, Oslo, Norway. morten.waersted@stami.no.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wærsted
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0336, Oslo, Norway. kbv@stami.no.
authors.forename: Kaj Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Veiersted
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult