title: The Societal Cost of Dementia in Singapore: Results from the WiSE Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is currently limited evidence on the economic burden that dementia exerts on multi-ethnic Asian populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to estimate the economic cost of dementia in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly study, a nationally representative survey of the older Singapore Resident population aged 60 years and above. Generalized linear modeling was used to estimate factors associated with costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total cost of dementia in 2013 was estimated at S$532 million (95% CI, S$361 million to S$701 million) while the annual cost per person was estimated at S$10,245 per year (95% CI, S$6,954 to S$12,495). Apart from dementia, higher total societal cost were also significantly associated with older age, Indian ethnicity, and those who were diagnosed with heart problems, stroke, diabetes or depression, whereas being divorced/separated, lower education, and those who were diagnosed with hypertension were significantly associated with lower total societal cost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides a rich body of information on healthcare utilization and cost of dementia, which is essential for future planning of services for the elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Edimansyah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdin
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mythily
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Economics of Mental and Physical Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Achilla
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Siow Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Janhavi Ajit
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vaingankar
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Picco
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Rajeswari
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambasivam
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shirlene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Boon Yiang
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Li Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hong Choon
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Economics of Mental and Physical Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCrone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003704:Dementia / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cost of illness; dementia; elderly; health services; societal cost