title: Recombinant mussel proximal thread matrix protein promotes osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a key load bearing domain for mamalian cell adhesion by binding various macromolecular ligands in extracellular matrix such as, collagens, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. Interestingly, vWF like domains are also commonly found in load bearing systems of marine organisms such as in underwater adhesive of mussel and sea star, and nacre of marine abalone, and play a critical load bearing function. Recently, Proximal Thread Matrix Protein1 (PTMP1) in mussel composed of two vWF type A like domains has characterized and it is known to bind both mussel collagens and mammalian collagens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we cloned and mass produced a recombinant PTMP1 from E. coli system after switching all the minor codons to the major codons of E. coli. Recombinant PTMP1 has an ability to enhance mouse osteoblast cell adhesion, spreading, and cell proliferation. In addition, PTMP1 showed vWF-like properties as promoting collagen expression as well as binding to collagen type I, subsequently enhanced cell viability. Consequently, we found that recombinant PTMP1 acts as a vWF domain by mediating cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and formation of actin cytoskeleton.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that both mammalian cell adhesion and marine underwater adhesion exploits a strong vWF-collagen interaction for successful wet adhesion. In addition, vWF like domains containing proteins including PTMP1 have a great potential for tissue engineering and the development of biomedical adhesives as a component for extra-cellular matrix.
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunseok
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea. dshwang@postech.ac.kr.|School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea. dshwang@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Korea. jhseo78@yu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000235:genetics*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D003094:Collagen; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D003094:Collagen