title: A review of the proposed role of neutrophils in rodent amebic liver abscess models.
abstract: Host invasion by Entamoeba histolytica, the pathogenic agent of amebiasis, can lead to the development of amebic liver abscess (ALA). Due to the difficulty of exploring host and amebic factors involved in the pathogenesis of ALA in humans, most studies have been conducted with animal models (e.g., mice, gerbils, and hamsters). Histopathological findings reveal that the chronic phase of ALA in humans corresponds to lytic or liquefactive necrosis, whereas in rodent models there is granulomatous inflammation. However, the use of animal models has provided important information on molecules and mechanisms of the host/parasite interaction. Hence, the present review discusses the possible role of neutrophils in the effector immune response in ALA in rodents. Properly activated neutrophils are probably successful in eliminating amebas through oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms, including neutrophil degranulation, the generation of free radicals (O2(-), H2O2, HOCl) and peroxynitrite, the activation of NADPH-oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzymes, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). On the other hand, if amebas are not eliminated in the early stages of infection, they trigger a prolonged and exaggerated inflammatory response that apparently causes ALAs. Genetic differences in animals and humans are likely to be key to a successful host immune response.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campos-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México - Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Meza
authors.affiliation: Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México - Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Rosa Adriana
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jarillo-Luna
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: María Elisa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Drago-Serrano
authors.affiliation: Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abarca-Rojano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ventura-Juárez
authors.affiliation: Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Luz María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Jaramillo
authors.affiliation: Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Yepez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D006224:Cricetinae; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D065206:Extracellular Traps; D005260:Female; D005849:Gerbillinae; D007249:Inflammation; D008101:Liver Abscess, Amebic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D023421:Models, Animal; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D009195:Peroxidase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases