title: Wastewater treatment--adsorption of organic micropollutants on activated HTC-carbon derived from sewage sludge.
abstract: Organic micropollutants (MPs), in particular xenobiotics and their transformation products, have been detected in the aquatic environment and the main sources of these MPs are wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, an additional cleaning step is necessary. The use of activated carbon (AC) is one approach to providing this additional cleaning. Industrial AC derived from different carbonaceous materials is predominantly produced in low-income countries by polluting processes. In contrast, AC derived from sewage sludge by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a regional and sustainable alternative, based on waste material. Our experiments demonstrate that the HTC-AC from sewage sludge was able to remove most of the applied MPs. In fact more than 50% of sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and bezafibrate were removed from artificial water samples. With the same approach carbamazepine was eliminated to nearly 70% and atrazine more than 80%. In addition a pre-treated (phosphorus-reduced) HTC-AC was able to eliminate 80% of carbamazepine and diclofenac. Atrazine, sulfamethoxazole and bezafibrate were removed to more than 90%. Experiments using real wastewater samples with high organic content (11.1 g m(-3)) succeeded in proving the adsorption capability of phosphorus-reduced HTC-AC.
authors.affiliation: * Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IFG, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany E-mail: frank.kirschhoefer@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kirschhöfer
authors.affiliation: * Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IKFT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: * University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Garbenstr. 9, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Gero C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: * Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IKFT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meffert
authors.affiliation: * Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IFG, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany E-mail: frank.kirschhoefer@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nusser
authors.affiliation: AndererConsulting, Rheinstr. 16a, D-76337 Waldbronn, Germany.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anderer
authors.affiliation: AVA-CO2 Forschung GmbH, Im Schlehert 14, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Stepan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusche
authors.affiliation: AVA-CO2 Schweiz AG, Baarerstrasse, 20, CH-6304 Zug, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klaeusli
authors.affiliation: * University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Garbenstr. 9, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: * Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IFG, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany E-mail: frank.kirschhoefer@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brenner-Weiss
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical