title: Red meat, poultry, and fish intake and breast cancer risk among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic white women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is suggestive but limited evidence for a relationship between meat intake and breast cancer (BC) risk. Few studies included Hispanic women. We investigated the association between meats and fish intake and BC risk among Hispanic and NHW women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included NHW (1,982 cases and 2,218 controls) and the US Hispanics (1,777 cases and 2,218 controls) from two population-based case-control studies. Analyses considered menopausal status and percent Native American ancestry. We estimated pooled ORs combining harmonized data from both studies, and study- and race-/ethnicity-specific ORs that were combined using fixed or random effects models, depending on heterogeneity levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing highest versus lowest tertile of intake, among NHW we observed an association between tuna intake and BC risk (pooled OR 1.25; 95 % CI 1.05-1.50; trend p = 0.006). Among Hispanics, we observed an association between BC risk and processed meat intake (pooled OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.18-1.71; trend p < 0.001), and between white meat (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67-0.95; trend p = 0.01) and BC risk, driven by poultry. All these findings were supported by meta-analysis using fixed or random effect models and were restricted to estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Processed meats and poultry were not associated with BC risk among NHW women; red meat and fish were not associated with BC risk in either race/ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest the presence of ethnic differences in associations between meat and BC risk that may contribute to BC disparities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Andre E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Abbie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundgreen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Roger K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fejerman
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.|Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Esther M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres-Mejía
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Sue A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ingles
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Boone
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Avonne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Amit D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Slattery
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. marianas@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Mariana C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D011200:Poultry; D000069466:Red Meat; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Breast cancer; Hispanics; Meat; Processed meat