title: Whole genome resequencing of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni reveals population history and effects of selection.
abstract: Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic fluke that infects millions of people in the developing world. This study presents the first application of population genomics to S. mansoni based on high-coverage resequencing data from 10 global isolates and an isolate of the closely-related Schistosoma rodhaini, which infects rodents. Using population genetic tests, we document genes under directional and balancing selection in S. mansoni that may facilitate adaptation to the human host. Coalescence modeling reveals the speciation of S. mansoni and S. rodhaini as 107.5-147.6KYA, a period which overlaps with the earliest archaeological evidence for fishing in Africa. Our results indicate that S. mansoni originated in East Africa and experienced a decline in effective population size 20-90KYA, before dispersing across the continent during the Holocene. In addition, we find strong evidence that S. mansoni migrated to the New World with the 16-19th Century Atlantic Slave Trade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.|Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crellen
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durrant
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huckvale
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holroyd
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aidan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rollinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Aanensen
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berriman
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.|Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joanne P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D049751:Genome, Helminth; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011156:Population Density; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA