title: A three-dimensional integrated nanogenerator for effectively harvesting sound energy from the environment.
abstract: An integrated triboelectric nanogenerator (ITNG) with a three-dimensional structure benefiting sound propagation and adsorption is demonstrated to more effectively harvest sound energy with improved output performance. With different multifunctional integrated layers working harmonically, it could generate a short-circuit current up to 2.1 mA, an open-circuit voltage up to 232 V and the maximum charging rate can reach 453 μC s(-1) for a 1 mF capacitor, which are 4.6 times, 2.6 times and 7.4 times the highest reported values, respectively. Further study shows that the ITNG works well under sound in a wide range of sound intensity levels (SILs) and frequencies, and its output is sensitive to the SIL and frequency of the sound, which reveals that the ITNG can act as a self-powered active sensor for real-time noise surveillance and health care. Moreover, this generator can be used to directly power the Fe(OH)3 sol electrophoresis and shows great potential as a wireless power supply in the electrochemical industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Nuanyang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn and The Research Institute of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Suo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Youbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. qinyong@lzu.edu.cn and The Research Institute of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin