title: Navigating the labyrinth of cardiac regeneration.
abstract: Heart disease is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and is a major health and economic burden, costing the United States Health Care System more than $200 billion annually. A major cause of heart disease is the massive loss or dysfunction of cardiomyocytes caused by myocardial infarctions and hypertension. Due to the limited regenerative capacity of the heart, much research has focused on better understanding the process of differentiation toward cardiomyocytes. This review will highlight what is currently known about cardiac cell specification during mammalian development, areas of controversy, cellular sources of cardiomyocytes, and current and potential uses of stem cell derived cardiomyocytes for cardiac therapies. Developmental Dynamics 245:751-761, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lambers
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kume
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
keywords: adult stem cells; cardiomyogenesis; direct lineage conversion; directed differentiation; heart development; reprogramming