title: Development of a nomogram combining clinical staging with (18)F-FDG PET/CT image features in non-small-cell lung cancer stage I-III.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to develop a nomogram by exploiting intratumour heterogeneity on CT and PET images from routine (18)F-FDG PET/CT acquisitions to identify patients with the poorest prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 116 patients with NSCLC stage I, II or III and with staging (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Primary tumour volumes were delineated using the FLAB algorithm and 3D Slicer™ on PET and CT images, respectively. PET and CT heterogeneities were quantified using texture analysis. The reproducibility of the CT features was assessed on a separate test-retest dataset. The stratification power of the PET/CT features was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The best standard metric (functional volume) was combined with the least redundant and most prognostic PET/CT heterogeneity features to build the nomogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PET entropy and CT zone percentage had the highest complementary values with clinical stage and functional volume. The nomogram improved stratification amongst patients with stage II and III disease, allowing identification of patients with the poorest prognosis (clinical stage III, large tumour volume, high PET heterogeneity and low CT heterogeneity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intratumour heterogeneity quantified using textural features on both CT and PET images from routine staging (18)F-FDG PET/CT acquisitions can be used to create a nomogram with higher stratification power than staging alone.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Poitiers, France. Marie-Charlotte.Desseroit@univ-brest.fr.|INSERM, UMR 1101, LaTIM, CHRU Morvan, University of Brest, 2 avenue Foch, 29609, Brest, France. Marie-Charlotte.Desseroit@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Charlotte
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Desseroit
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 1101, LaTIM, CHRU Morvan, University of Brest, 2 avenue Foch, 29609, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Visvikis
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Poitiers, France.|Medical school, EE DACTIM, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tixier
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 1101, LaTIM, CHRU Morvan, University of Brest, 2 avenue Foch, 29609, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majdoub
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Poitiers, France.|Medical school, EE DACTIM, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perdrisot
authors.affiliation: Medical school, EE DACTIM, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.|Radiology, University hospital, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guillevin
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Poitiers, France.|Medical school, EE DACTIM, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheze Le Rest
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 1101, LaTIM, CHRU Morvan, University of Brest, 2 avenue Foch, 29609, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049451:Nomograms; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047368:Tumor Burden
keywords: Heterogeneity; NSCLC; PET/CT; Prognosis; Textural features