title: The analysis of influence of individual and environmental factors on 2-wheeled users' injuries.
abstract: Powered 2-wheeled motor vehicles (PTWs) are one of the most vulnerable categories of road users. Bearing that fact in mind, we have researched the effects of individual and environmental factors on the severity and type of injuries of PTW users. The aim was to recognize the circumstances that cause these accidents and take some preventive actions that would improve the level of road safety for PTWs.
  
  
  
  In the period from 2001 to 2010, an analysis of 139 road accidents involving PTWs was made by the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering in Belgrade. The effects of both individual (age, gender, etc.) and environmental factors (place of an accident, time of day, etc.) on the cause of accidents and severity and type of injuries of PTWs are reported in this article. Analyses of these effects were conducted using logistic regression, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlation.
  
  
  
  Factors such as categories of road users, pavement conditions, place of accident, age, and time of day have a statistically significant effect on PTW injuries, whereas other factors (gender, road type; that is, straight or curvy) do not. The article also defines the interdependence of the occurrence of particular injuries at certain speeds. The results show that if PTW users died of a head injury, these were usually concurrent with chest injuries, injuries to internal organs, and limb injuries.
  
  
  
  It has been shown that there is a high degree of influence of individual factors on the occurrence of accidents involving 2-wheelers (PTWs/bicycles) but with no statistically significant relation. Establishing the existence of such conditionalities enables identifying and defining factors that have an impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents involving bicyclists or PTWs. Such a link between individual factors and the occurrence of accidents makes it possible for system managers to take appropriate actions aimed at certain categories of 2-wheelers in order to reduce casualties in a particular area. The analysis showed that most of the road factors do not have a statistically significant effect on either category of 2-wheeler. Namely, the logistic regression analysis showed that there is a statistically significant effect of the place of accident on the occurrence of accidents involving bicyclists.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marković
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Dalibor R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pešić
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antić
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vujanić
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: PTW injuries; factors causing the accidents; road accident analysis; road accidents