title: Physiological and Transcriptome Responses to Combinations of Elevated CO2 and Magnesium in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: The unprecedented rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and injudicious fertilization or heterogeneous distribution of Mg in the soil warrant further research to understand the synergistic and holistic mechanisms involved in the plant growth regulation. This study investigated the influence of elevated CO2 (800 μL L(-1)) on physiological and transcriptomic profiles in Arabidopsis cultured in hydroponic media treated with 1 μM (low), 1000 μM (normal) and 10,000 μM (high) Mg2+. Following 7-d treatment, elevated CO2 increased the shoot growth and chlorophyll content under both low and normal Mg supply, whereas root growth was improved exclusively under normal Mg nutrition. Notably, the effect of elevated CO2 on mineral homeostasis in both shoots and roots was less than that of Mg supply. Irrespective of CO2 treatment, high Mg increased number of young leaf but decreased root growth and absorption of P, K, Ca, Fe and Mn whereas low Mg increased the concentration of P, K, Ca and Fe in leaves. Transcriptomics results showed that elevated CO2 decreased the expression of genes related to cell redox homeostasis, cadmium response, and lipid localization, but enhanced signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, NBS-LRR disease resistance proteins and subsequently programmed cell death in low-Mg shoots. By comparison, elevated CO2 enhanced the response of lipid localization (mainly LTP transfer protein/protease inhibitor), endomembrane system, heme binding and cell wall modification in high-Mg roots. Some of these transcriptomic results are substantially in accordance with our physiological and/or biochemical analysis. The present findings broaden our current understanding on the interactive effect of elevated CO2 and Mg levels in the Arabidopsis, which may help to design the novel metabolic engineering strategies to cope with Mg deficiency/excess in crops under elevated CO2.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.|Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Chin.
authors.forename: Yaofang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Chin.
authors.forename: Golam Jalal
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ahammed
authors.affiliation: Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
authors.forename: Caixian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Longbiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Chin.
authors.forename: Jingquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008274:Magnesium