title: Differential gene expression patterns during embryonic development of sea urchin exposed to triclosan.
abstract: Triclosan (TCS; 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent used in common industrial, personal care and household products which are eventually rinsed down the drain and discharged with wastewater effluent. It is therefore commonly found in the aquatic environment, leading to the continual exposure of aquatic organisms to TCS and the accumulation of the antimicrobial and its harmful degradation products in their bodies. Toxic effects of TCS on reproductive and developmental progression of some aquatic organisms have been suggested but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been defined. We investigated the expression patterns of genes involved in the early development of TCS-treated sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus using cDNA microarrays. We observed that the predominant consequence of TCS treatment in this model system was the widespread repression of TCS-modulated genes. In particular, empty spiracles homeobox 1 (EMX-1), bone morphogenic protein, and chromosomal binding protein genes showed a significant decrease in expression in response to TCS. These results suggest that TCS can induce abnormal development of sea urchin embryos through the concomitant suppression of a number of genes that are necessary for embryonic differentiation in the blastula stage. Our data provide new insight into the crucial role of genes associated with embryonic development in response to TCS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 426-433, 2017.
authors.affiliation: South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea.|Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Suk
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea.|Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mirye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sukchan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea.|Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taek-Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D036703:Blastula / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047269:Strongylocentrotus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan; D004247:DNA
keywords: sea urchin; triclosan; triclosan-modulated genes