title: Recreational drug use and related social factors among HIV-positive men in Japan.
abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between recreational drug use in HIV-positive males in the past year and socio-economic factors and/or social support networks in Japan. A national online survey in a cross-sectional study was conducted by HIV Futures Japan project from July 2013 to February 2014. Of the 1095 HIV-positive individuals who responded, 913 responses were determined to be valid; responses from the 875 males were analysed. A total of 282 participants used addictive drugs (32.2%) in past year. New psychoactive substances were used by 121 participants (13.8%), methamphetamine or amphetamine by 47 (5.4%), air dusters/sprays/gas by 31 (3.5%), 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5MeO-DIPT) by 16 (1.8%) and cannabis (1.0%) by 9. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with the use of alkyl nitrites, addictive drugs, air dusters and thinners, which are low illegality, as dependent variables. We found that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for use among participants with full-time and temp/contracted/part-time employees compared to management/administration professions were 2.59 (0.99-6.77) and 2.61 (0.91-7.51). Also, a correlation was observed between alkyl nitrites and new psychoactive substances and usage rates in people engaged in few HIV-positive networks. It is necessary to develop targeted policies for drug use prevention and user support among HIV-positive men and to support and provide care for drug users who are isolated or have a narrow HIV/AIDS support network.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Liberal Arts , the Open University of Japan , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togari
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Liberal Arts , the Open University of Japan , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: b Japan Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takaku
authors.affiliation: c Division of Health Management , TIS Inc ., Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Sakurako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: d School of Nursing , Nagoya City University , Nagoya , Japan.
authors.forename: Rikuya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: e Accelight Inc ., Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itagaki
authors.affiliation: f ANGEL LIFE NAGOYA , Nagoya , Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: g Faculty of Nursing , Kyorin University , Mitaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.affiliation: h Kobe City College of Nursing , Kobe , Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katakura
authors.affiliation: i School of Nursing , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Asae
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: j Department of Health Sciences , Saitama Prefectural University , Koshigaya , Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.affiliation: b Japan Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS , Tokyo , Japan.|k PLACE TOKYO , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055030:Drug Users / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs
keywords: Japan; Recreational drug use; alkyl nitrites; amphetamine; non-intravenous drug users; people living with HIV/AIDS