title: Effect of Porous Titanium Granules on Bone Regeneration and Primary Stability in Maxillary Sinus: A Human Clinical, Histomorphometric, and Microcomputed Tomography Analyses.
abstract: The aim of this randomized controlled study was to comparatively analyze the new bone (NB), residual bone, and graft-bone association in bone biopsies retrieved from augmented maxillary sinus sites by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (MicroCT) in a split-mouth model to test the efficacy of porous titanium granules (PTG) in maxillary sinus augmentation. Fifteen patients were included in the study and each patient was treated with bilateral sinus augmentation procedure using xenograft (equine origine, granule size 1000-2000 μm) and xenograft (1 g) + PTG (granule size 700-1000 μm, pore size >50 μm) (1 g), respectively. After a mean of 8.4 months, 30 bone biopsies were retrieved from the implant sites for three-dimensional MicroCT and two-dimensional histomorphometric analyses. Bone volume and vital NB percentages were calculated. Immediate after core biopsy, implants having standard dimensions were placed and implant stability quotient values were recorded at baseline and 3 months follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups according to residual bone height, residual bone width, implant dimensions, and implant stability quotient values (baseline and 3 months). According to MicroCT and two-dimensional histomorphometric analyses, the volume of newly formed bone was 57.05% and 52.67%, and 56.5% and 55.08% for xenograft + PTG and xenograft groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences found between groups according to NB percentages and higher Hounsfield unit values were found for xenograft + PTG group. The findings of the current study supports that PTG, which is a porous, permanent nonresorbable bone substitute, may have a beneficial osteoconductive effect on mechanical strength of NB in augmented maxillary sinus.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University †Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University ‡Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University §Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey ||Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Ceyda Kanli
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eratalay
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Ilkan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tatar
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baris
authors.forename: Tolga Fikret
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tözüm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016062:Porosity; D014025:Titanium; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium