title: Digitally Analyzed Conjunctival Redness: Does Repeated Conjunctival Provocation Intrinsically Cause Local Desensitization of the Eye?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic reactions in patients with seasonal or perennial rhinoconjunctivitis mediated by airborne allergens can be effectively assessed with the conjunctival provocation test (CPT). The CPT is a fast and easy diagnostic procedure that challenges the ocular mucosa with instillations of allergen solutions into the conjunctival region. This paper aimed to investigate the possible influence of repeated diagnostic CPT procedures on the patient's clinical presentation, i.e. to analyze desensitization effects caused by diagnostic solutions and to show the reproducibility of CPT results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment progress in 120 placebo-treated patients from 2 immunotherapeutic dose-finding studies was estimated and documented, as based on the CPT which was applied at 4 visits with intervals of 4, 8 and 16 weeks. High-resolution digital photos collected as part of the CPT documentation were analyzed by an external observer and by digital analysis software to determine conjunctival redness, completely independent of the subjectivity of investigators and patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two extremal scenarios of the redness changes were considered after provocation with 10,000 standard quality units/ml. A maximal decrease of about 3% (t test: p = 0.0002; U test: p = 0.001) and a minimal decrease of about 1% (t test: p = 0.254; U test: p = 0.431) were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed decrease in conjunctival hyperemia can be explained by local desensitization or by placebo effect. Due to the setup of both studies considered, we could not ascertain how these factors influence the decrease in redness. In order to attribute the observed effects to local conjunctival desensitization with certainty, further pilot studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Claas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gloistein
authors.forename: Anatoli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astvatsatourov
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allekotte
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mösges
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D010919:Placebos; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D010919:Placebos