title: Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection.
abstract: Plants are constantly threatened by potential pathogens. In order to optimize the output of defense against pathogens with distinct lifestyles, plants depend on hormonal networks to fine-tune specific responses and regulate growth-defense tradeoffs. To counteract, pathogens have evolved various strategies to disturb hormonal homeostasis and facilitate infection. Many pathogens synthesize plant hormones; more importantly, toxins and effectors are produced to manipulate hormonal crosstalk. Accumulating evidence has shown that pathogens exert extensive effects on plant hormone pathways not only to defeat immunity, but also modify habitat structure, optimize nutrient acquisition, and facilitate pathogen dissemination. In this review, we summarize mechanisms by which a wide array of pathogens gain benefits from manipulating plant hormone pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. kma007@ucr.edu.|Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. kma007@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Ka-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. wenbo.ma@ucr.edu.|Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. wenbo.ma@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D008954:Models, Biological; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators
keywords: Bacterial toxins; Pathogen effectors; Pathogenicity; Phytohormones; Plant immunity; Virulence