title: Neural oscillations in antipsychotic-naïve patients with a first psychotic episode.
abstract: In chronic schizophrenic psychoses, oscillatory abnormalities predominantly occur in prefrontal cortical regions and are associated with reduced communication across cortical areas. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether similar alterations can be observed in patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP), a state characterised by pathological features occurring in both late prodromal patients and initial phases of frank schizophrenic psychoses.
  
  
  
  We assessed resting-state electroencephalographic data of 31 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients and 29 healthy controls (HC). We investigated the three-dimensional (3D) current source density (CSD) distribution and lagged phase synchronisation (LPS) of oscillations across small-scale and large-scale brain networks. We additionally investigated LPS relationships with clinical symptoms using linear mixed-effects models.
  
  
  
  Compared to HC, FEP patients demonstrated abnormal CSD distributions in frontal areas of the brain; while decreased oscillations were found in the low frequencies, an increase was reported in the high frequencies (P < 0.01). Patients also exhibited deviant LPS in the high frequencies, whose dynamics changed over increasing 3D cortico-cortical distances and increasing psychotic symptoms.
  
  
  
  These results indicate that in addition to prefrontal cortical abnormalities, altered synchronised neural oscillations are also present, suggesting possible disruptions in cortico-cortical communications. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of emerging schizophrenic psychoses.
authors.affiliation: a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland ;
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramyead
authors.affiliation: a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland ;
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Studerus
authors.affiliation: b Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich , Switzerland ;
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kometer
authors.affiliation: a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland ;
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heitz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neurology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gschwandtner
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neurology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuhr
authors.affiliation: a University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Detection , Basel , Switzerland ;
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riecher-Rössler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EEG; Schizophrenia; biomarkers; phase synchrony; psychosis