title: Risk Factor Profile in Parkinson's Disease Subtype with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous large-scale studies have found diverse risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), including caffeine non-use, non-smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, and family history. These studies assessed risk factors for PD overall; however, PD is a heterogeneous condition. One of the strongest identifiers of prognosis and disease subtype is the co-occurrence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).In previous studies, idiopathic RBD was associated with a different risk factor profile from PD and dementia with Lewy bodies, suggesting that the PD-RBD subtype may also have a different risk factor profile.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define risk factors for PD in patients with or without associated RBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a questionnaire, we assessed risk factors for PD, including demographic, medical, environmental, and lifestyle variables of 189 PD patients with or without associated polysomnography-confirmed RBD. The risk profile of patients with vs. without RBD was assessed with logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and disease duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD-RBD patients were more likely to have been a welder (OR = 3.11 (1.05-9.223), and to have been regular smokers (OR = 1.96 (1.04-3.68)). There were no differences in use of caffeine or alcohol, other occupations, pesticide exposure, rural living, or well water use. Patients with RBD had a higher prevalence of the combined family history of both dementia and parkinsonism (13.3% vs. 5.5% , OR = 3.28 (1.07-10.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RBD-specific subtype of PD may also have a different risk factor profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, F-34093 Cedex 5 France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dauvilliers
authors.affiliation: Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Erik K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: St Louis
authors.affiliation: Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: McCarter
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Silvia Rios
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Romenets
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, Canada.|Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, F-34093 Cedex 5 France.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cherif
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.|Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, Canada.|Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Postuma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; REM sleep behavior disorder; risk factors