title: Short Communication: Hyperthyroidism in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy: Case Series and Literature Review.
abstract: We describe an HIV-infected patient initiated on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) who subsequently developed immune restoration disease (IRD) hyperthyroidism-this case represents one of five such patients seen at our center within the past year. Similar to previous reports of hyperthyroidism due to IRD, all of our patients experienced a rapid early recovery in total CD4 count, but developed symptoms of hyperthyroidism on average 3 years (38 months) after beginning cART, which represents a longer time frame than previously reported. Awareness and recognition of this potential complication of cART, which may occur years after treatment initiation, will allow patients with immune restorative hyperthyroidism to receive timely therapy and avoid the long-term complications associated with undiagnosed thyroid disease.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Emory
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Varun K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Phadke
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Minh Ly T
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents