title: Cytotoxic Effects and Osteogenic Activity of Calcium Sulfate with and without Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Nano-Hydroxyapatite Adjacent to MG-63 Cell Line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effects and osteogenic activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP2) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) adjacent to MG-63 cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess cytotoxicity, the 4,5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic activity were evaluated using Alizarin red and the von Kossa staining and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The n-HA/calcium sulfate (CS) mixture significantly promoted cell growth in comparison to pure CS. Moreover, addition of rhBMP2 to CS (P=0.02) and also mixing CS with n-HA led to further increase in extracellular calcium production and ALP activity (P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This in vitro study indicates that a scaffold material in combination with an osteoinductive material is effective for bone matrix formation.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aminsobhani
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Bio-Dental Materials Department, Bio-Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoshzaban
authors.affiliation: Endodontist.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbaszadeh
authors.affiliation: Associatet Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bolhari
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Student, Semmelwies University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Atiyeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shamshiri
keywords: Calcium sulfate; Cytotoxicity; Nano-hydroxyapatite; Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2