title: A nutrient profiling system for the (re)formulation of a global food and beverage portfolio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) developed to guide the reformulation of Nestlé products, and the results of its application in the USA and France.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NNPS is a category-specific system that calculates nutrient targets per serving as consumed, based on age-adjusted dietary guidelines. Products are aggregated into 32 food categories. The NNPS ensures that excessive amounts of nutrients to limit cannot be compensated for by adding nutrients to encourage. A study was conducted to measure changes in nutrient profiles of the most widely purchased Nestlé products from eight food categories (n = 99) in the USA and France. A comparison was made between the 2009-2010 and 2014-2015 products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application of the NNPS between 2009-2010 and 2014-2015 was associated with an overall downwards trend for all nutrients to limit. Sodium and total sugars contents were reduced by up to 22 and 31 %, respectively. Saturated Fatty Acids and total fat reductions were less homogeneous across categories, with children products having larger reductions. Energy per serving was reduced by <10 % in most categories, while serving sizes remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NNPS sets feasible and yet challenging targets for public health-oriented reformulation of a varied product portfolio; its application was associated with improved nutrient density in eight major food categories in the USA and France. Confirmatory analyses are needed in other countries and food categories; the impact of such a large-scale reformulation on dietary intake and health remains to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé, Nutrient Profiling, Public Health Nutrition, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vlassopoulos
authors.affiliation: Nestlé, Nutrient Profiling, Public Health Nutrition, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masset
authors.affiliation: Nestlé, Nutrient Profiling, Public Health Nutrition, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Veronique Rheiner
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: Nestlé USA, 30003 Bainbridge Road, Solon, OH, 44120, USA.
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.affiliation: Nestlé France, 7 Boulevard Pierre Carle, 77186, Noisiel, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chesneau-Guillemont
authors.affiliation: Nestlé, Nutrient Profiling, Public Health Nutrition, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.affiliation: Nestlé, Nutrient Profiling, Public Health Nutrition, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Undine
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Nestlé, Nutrient Profiling, Public Health Nutrition, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland. jorg.spieldenner@rdls.nestle.com.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spieldenner
authors.affiliation: TES NutriHealth Strategic Consultancy, c/o 46, Jalan SS 22/32, 47400, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: E-Siong
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.|School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Box 353410, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drewnowski
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005502:Food; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009753:Nutritive Value; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States
keywords: Foods; Nutrient profiling; Nutrition; Reformulation