title: Parents' reactions to testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 as a biomarker of sexual activity in Botswana junior secondary school students.
abstract: Background Use of sexual activity biomarkers in HIV prevention trials has been widely supported to validate self-reported data. When such trials involve minors, researchers may face challenges in obtaining parental buy-in, especially if return of results procedures uphold the confidentiality and privacy rights of minors and preclude parental access to test results. In preparation for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with junior secondary school (JSS) students in Botswana, a formative assessment was conducted to assess parents' opinions and concerns about testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (biomarker of sexual activity) as part of the RCT.
  
  
  
  Six focus groups were held with parents (n=32) of JSS students from urban, peri-urban and rural communities. Parents were asked their opinions of students being tested for HSV-2 and procedures for blood sample collection and return of results.
  
  
  
  Overall, parents were supportive of HSV-2 testing, which they thought was a beneficial sexual health resource for adolescents and parents, and a motivation for parent-child communication about HSV-2, sexual activity and sexual abuse. Some parents supported the proposed plan to disclose HSV-2 test results to adolescents only, citing the importance of adolescent privacy and the possibility of HSV-2 positive adolescents being stigmatised by family members. Conversely, opposing parents requested parental access to results. These parents were concerned that adolescents may experience distress following a positive result and withhold this information thereby reducing parents' abilities to provide support. Parents were also concerned about support for victims of sexual abuse.
  
  
  
  Although the present study demonstrates that parents can be accepting of sexual activity biomarker testing of adolescents, more research is needed to identify best approaches for returning test results.
authors.affiliation: SciMetrika, 2987 Clairmont Road NE # 220, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Haddi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cham
authors.affiliation: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lasswell
authors.affiliation: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Kim S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D015415:Biomarkers; D001902:Botswana; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013334:Students
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers