title: Tumor suppressor genes and their underlying interactions in paclitaxel resistance in cancer therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paclitaxel (PTX) is frequently used in the clinical treatment of solid tumors. But the PTX-resistance is a great obstacle in cancer treatment. Exploration of the mechanisms of drug resistance suggests that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a key role in the response of chemotherapeutic drugs. TSGs, a set of genes that are often inactivated in cancers, can regulate various biological processes. In this study, an overview of the contribution of TSGs to PTX resistance and their underlying relationship in cancers are reported by using GeneMANIA, a web-based tool for gene/protein function prediction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using PubMed online database and Google web site, the terms "paclitaxel resistance" or "taxol resistance" or "drug resistance" or "chemotherapy resistance", and "cancer" or "carcinoma", and "tumor suppressor genes" or "TSGs" or "negative regulated protein" or "antioncogenes" were searched and analyzed. GeneMANIA data base was used to predict gene/protein interactions and functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 22 TSGs involved in PTX resistance, including BRCA1, TP53, PTEN, APC, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, HIN-1, RASSF1, YAP, ING4, PLK2, FBW7, BLU, LZTS1, REST, FADD, PDCD4, TGFBI, ING1, Bax, PinX1 and hEx. The TSGs were found to have direct and indirect relationships with each other, and thus they could contribute to PTX resistance as a group. The varied expression status and regulation function of the TSGs on cell cycle in different cancers might play an important role in PTX resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A further understanding of the roles of tumor suppressor genes in drug resistance is an important step to overcome chemotherapy tolerance. Tumor suppressor gene therapy targets the altered genes and signaling pathways and can be a new strategy to reverse chemotherapy resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001 China ; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001 China.
authors.forename: Jia-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001 China ; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001 China.
authors.forename: Shi-Lian
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001 China ; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001 China.
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2521-8738
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001 China ; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001 China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
keywords: GeneMANIA; Molecular functions; Paclitaxel resistance; Tumor suppressor genes