title: Oxidative Stress and Histological Alterations of Chicken Brain Induced by Oral Administration of Chromium(III).
abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the oxidative stress in chickens exposed to different concentrations of chromium trichloride (CrCl3) in drinking water. Seventy-two Hylan Brown male chickens were randomly divided into four groups: three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups were exposed to three different doses (50 % LD50, 25 % LD50, and 12.5 % LD50) of CrCl3 mg/kg body weight for 42 days, while the control group was given the equivalent water. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic index (glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide) were measured after obtaining the brain samples. Results suggested that 50 % LD50 chromium(III) significantly increased (P < 0.05) the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The antioxidant enzyme activities, total glutathione concentration, and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with those of the controls and were consistent with the increase in dosage and time. Additionally, extensive histological alterations were observed in the chicken brain, such as the vacuolization and nuclear condensation of the neurons. These results indicated that exposure to high-dose CrCl3 for a certain time could induce the occurrence of oxidative stress and histological alterations.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Yanhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
authors.forename: Ziqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China. liuyongxia666@163.com.
authors.forename: Yongxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China. Liujz@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianzhu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D030161:Avian Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C017133:chromous chloride; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: Brain; Chicken; CrCl3; Histological alteration; Oxidative damage·