title: Physical exercise-induced protection on ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
abstract: Physical exercise is any bodily activity to enhance or maintain physical fitness and overall health and wellness. A series of associated studies have demonstrated that physical exercise could alleviate the infarct volume, increase the collateral circulation, promote endothelial progenitor cells, improve cerebral blood flow after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we summed up the protective effects of physical exercise on cerebral blood flow (CBF), vascular endothelium, vascular vasodilation, endothelial progenitor cells and collateral circulation. An awareness of the exercise intervention benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may encourage more patients with cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction and people with high risk factors to accept exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China; Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China; Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China; Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China; Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Physical exercise; angiogenesis; cerebral blood vessels; cerebral infarction; myocardial infarction