title: Toxicity evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula gummosa root.
abstract: Traditionally, people use harvested Ferula gummosa for medicinal purposes. However, no information about its safety and toxicity is available. In the present study, the toxicological profile of sub-chronic oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract of F. gummosa radix is evaluated in rats. The extract was orally administrated at 100 and 600 mg/kg to male rats for 28 days. After 28 days, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food and water consumption, organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, as well as histopathological and neurobehavioral changes were examined. Also, the sedative effect of this extract was evaluated in mice at the doses of 100, 600, and 800 mg/kg. Its cytotoxicity against human stroma-vascular cells and human renal epithelial cells were also evaluated. No lethality or adverse toxic signs were seen during the experimental period. There were no significant changes in body and organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathological examination. The extract decreased the rotarod performance, but did not increase pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Also, F. gummosa extract significantly decreased cell viability at the concentrations of higher than 400 μg/mL. In conclusion, the sub-chronic toxicity study of F. gummosa hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the extract to be safe for the tested dosage and route of administration.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: ghorbania@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.affiliation: Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Mohebbatir911@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohebbati
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Jafarianah@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jafarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: vahedimm901@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vahedi
authors.affiliation: Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: hosseinim@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahmoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: soukhtanloom@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soukhtanloo
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: sadeghniahr@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sadeghnia
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: hoseiniaz@mums.ac.ir.
authors.lastname: Azar Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005309:Ferula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Ferula gummosa; Medicinal plant; Sub-chronic toxicity