title: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire in Latino families.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parent feeding practices affect risk of obesity in children. Latino children are at higher risk of obesity than the general population, yet valid measure of feeding practices, one of which is the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire (IFSQ), have not been formally validated in Spanish.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the IFSQ among Latino families, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis of pressuring, restrictive, and responsive feeding constructs from the IFSQ.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IFSQ was administered at the 12-month visit in the Greenlight study, a multi-center cluster randomized trial to prevent obesity. Parents were included if they were of Latino origin (n = 303) and completed an English or Spanish language modified IFSQ (without the indulgence construct). Scores from nine sub-constructs of the IFSQ were compared between English and Spanish language versions. We tested reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficients and performed confirmatory factor analysis to examine factor loadings and goodness of fit characteristics, modifying constructs to achieve best fit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 303 parents completing the IFSQ, 84% were born outside the US, and 74% completed the IFSQ in Spanish. Reliability coefficients ranged from 0.28 to 0.61 for the laissez-faire sub-constructs and from 0.58 to 0.83 for the pressuring, restrictive, and responsive sub-constructs. Results for all coefficients were similar between participants responding to an English and Spanish version of the IFSQ. Goodness of fit indices ranged from CFI 0.82-1 and RMSEA 0.00-0.31, and the model performed best in pressuring-soothing (CFI 1.0, RMSEA 0.00) and restrictive-amount (CFI 0.98, RMSEA 0.1) sub-constructs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a sample of Latino families, pressuring, restrictive, and responsive constructs performed well. The modified IFSQ in both English and Spanish-speaking Latino families may be used to assess parenting behaviors related to early obesity risk in this at-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: charles_wood@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Krista M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Perreira
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Eliana M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine/Bellevue Hospital Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: H Shonna
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Delamater
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bronaugh
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers; D000072001:Diet, Healthy / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology; D005248:Feeding Methods; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology; D010290:Parents; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States
keywords: Confirmatory factor analysis; Feeding styles; Infant feeding; Latino