title: Impact of long-term cropping of glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] on soil microbiome.
abstract: The transgenic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] occupies about 80 % of the global area cropped with this legume, the majority comprising the glyphosate-resistant trait (Roundup Ready(®), GR or RR). However, concerns about possible impacts of transgenic crops on soil microbial communities are often raised. We investigated soil chemical, physical and microbiological properties, and grain yields in long-term field trials involving conventional and nearly isogenic RR transgenic genotypes. The trials were performed at two locations in Brazil, with different edaphoclimatic conditions. Large differences in physical, chemical and classic microbiological parameters (microbial biomass of C and N, basal respiration), as well as in grain production were observed between the sites. Some phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria), classes (Alphaproteobacteria, Actinomycetales, Solibacteres) and orders (Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales, Myxococcales, Pseudomonadales), as well as some functional subsystems (clustering-based subsystems, carbohydrates, amino acids and protein metabolism) were, in general, abundant in all treatments. However, bioindicators related to superior soil fertility and physical properties at Londrina were identified, among them a higher ratio of Proteobacteria:Acidobacteria. Regarding the transgene, the metagenomics showed differences in microbial taxonomic and functional abundances, but lower in magnitude than differences observed between the sites. Besides the site-specific differences, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Chlorophyta were higher in the transgenic treatment, as well as sequences related to protein metabolism, cell division and cycle. Although confirming effects of the transgenic trait on soil microbiome, no differences were recorded in grain yields, probably due to the buffering capacity associated with the high taxonomic and functional microbial diversity observed in all treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.|Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Babujia
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Shigueyoshi
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Suínos e Aves, C.P. 21, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio Egidio
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cantão
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Rua Getúlio Vargas 333, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25651-071, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Tereza Ribeiro
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jesuí Vergilio
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Visentainer
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brazil. mariangela.hungria@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hungria
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D018533:Biomass; D001938:Brazil; D000069599:Crop Production / Q000379:methods*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053209:Herbicide Resistance; D054892:Metagenome / Q000235:genetics; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005998:Glycine; D012987:Soil; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Functional biodiversity; Glycine max; Soil metagenomics; Soil microbial diversity; Transgenic soybean