title: A Common Phenotype Polymorphism in Mammalian Brains Defined by Concomitant Production of Prolactin and Growth Hormone.
abstract: Pituitary Prolactin (PRL) and Growth Hormone (GH) are separately controlled and sub-serve different purposes. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that extra-pituitary expression in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is coordinated at mRNA and protein levels. However this was not a uniform effect within populations, such that wide inter-individual variation was superimposed on coordinate PRL/GH expression. Up to 44% of individuals in healthy cohorts of mice and rats showed protein levels above the norm and coordinated expression of PRL and GH transcripts above baseline occurred in the amygdala, frontal lobe and hippocampus of 10% of human subjects. High levels of PRL and GH present in post mortem tissue were often presaged by altered responses in fear conditioning and stress induced hyperthermia behavioral tests. Our data define a common phenotype polymorphism in healthy mammalian brains, and, given the pleiotropic effects known for circulating PRL and GH, further consequences of coordinated CNS over-expression may await discovery.
authors.affiliation: Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daude
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States of America.
authors.forename: Inyoul
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States of America.
authors.forename: Taek-Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: John Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Glaves
authors.affiliation: Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Hristina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gapeshina
authors.affiliation: Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.affiliation: Mclaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23rd Street South, Great Falls, MT, 59405, United States of America.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States of America.
authors.forename: Leroy E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.|Mclaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23rd Street South, Great Falls, MT, 59405, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westaway
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D011388:Prolactin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone