title: Correlation of Serum and Salivary Cytokines Level With Clinical Parameters in Metabolic Syndrome With Periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and chronic oral condition (periodontitis [PD]) are state of inflammation. The study was conducted to determine alterations in serum and salivary cytokines level in MS and/or chronic PD in the North Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study carried out in northern part of India. The study subjects of similar ethnicity were recruited according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for MS, while chronic PD was diagnosed on the basis of packet depth and clinical attachment level. ELISA method was employed to assess cytokine level. All subjects were divided in four groups Gr A (MS + PD), B (MS), C (PD), and a control Gr D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum and salivary tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level in Gr A, B, and C was significantly higher than Gr D (P < 0.05). Serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) level in Gr A, B, and C was lower than Gr D (P < 0.05), but this difference was not significant between Gr C and Gr D. Serum IL-10 level in Gr A was significantly lower than Gr C (P < 0.05). Salivary IL-10 level was not significantly altered in any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proinflammatory marker TNF-α has correlation with clinical parameters in patients of MS having PD. The study suggests level of salivary TNF-α may be utilized as a surrogate marker of MS and PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Suraj Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nand
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kauser
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. drsanjaykhattri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khattri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: IL-10; TNF-α; metabolic syndrome; periodontitis; salivary cytokine level