title: Solid-phase extraction of explosive nitramines on macroreticular polymers modified by freezing with water or acetone.
abstract: A novel approach is proposed to modify the porous structure and surface properties of the polymers used in solid-phase extraction. The approach involves soaking in water or acetone, followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen (77.4 K) and was employed for two polymeric materials: Amberlite XAD-7 and Amberlite XAD-16. Variations in the surface properties of the adsorbents were justified by the action of acetone and water as solvents affecting the textural and other characteristic of the materials. The initial and treated adsorbents were used in extraction of explosive nitramines from aqueous samples. The performed modifications of the polymer texture allow us to increase the recovery rate as compared with the initial adsorbents. The results were justified by the swelling of fragments of the polymers and by the additional process of sorption of nitramines. The results indicate that polymeric adsorbents can be easily modified by the soaking/freezing process and the materials can be achieved that prove usefulness for the effective separation of explosive nitramines from aqueous samples.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surface Chemistry, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Gun'ko
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skubiszewska-Zięba
keywords: Explosive nitramines; Macroreticular polymers; Porosity modification; Soaking/freezing; Solid-phase extraction