title: 3D scintigraphic imaging and navigation in radioguided surgery: freehand SPECT technology and its clinical applications.
abstract: Freehand SPECT (fhSPECT) is a technology platform for providing 3-dimensional (3D) navigation for radioguided surgical procedures, such as sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB). In addition to the information provided by conventional handheld gamma detection probes, fhSPECT allows for direct visualization of the distribution of radioactivity in any given region of interest, allowing for improved navigation to radioactive target lesions and providing accurate lesion depth measurements. Herein, we will review the currently available clinical data on the use of fhSPECT: (i) for SLNB of various malignancies, including difficult-to-detect SLNs, and (ii) for radioguided localization of solid tumors. Moreover, the combination of fhSPECT with other technologies (e.g., small field-of-view gamma cameras, and diagnostic ultrasound) is discussed. These technical advances have the potential to greatly expand the clinical application of radioguided surgery in the future.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bluemel
authors.affiliation: b Department of Informatics , Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matthies
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.|c Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) , Los Angeles , CA , USA.|d Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: e Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.|f The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute , Columbus , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Povoski
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D000072098:Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
keywords: 3D; augmented reality; fhSPECT; field-of-view; freehand SPECT; gamma camera; gamma detection probe; navigation; radioguided surgery; sentinel lymph node