title: Acetylated Trivalent Mannobioses: Chemical Modification, Structural Elucidation, and Biological Evaluation.
abstract: People suffering from allergies can be treated with repeated injections of increasing amounts of a specific allergen. This type of specific immunotherapy is currently the only way to treat the underlying pathological immune response associated with an allergy. The approach can afford long-lasting protection, but the process takes 3-5 years, can produce allergic reactions, and in severe cases treatment is often aborted due to anaphylaxis. However, treatment can be optimized with the use of specific adjuvants that modify the immune response, its duration, and that increase the production of the correct type of antibodies. In the pursuit of such adjuvants, two new trivalent acetylated β-(1→2)-linked mannobioses based on a previously discovered lead molecule were prepared. The new molecules, along with the previously developed lead, were investigated by rigorous NMR and molecular modeling experiments in order to elucidate their behavior and preferred conformations in solution. Furthermore, the molecules were subjected to a biological investigation in which their immunostimulatory properties were evaluated by assessing their effect on the production of TH 2-type cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Treg pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Treatment of peripheral mononuclear blood cell cultures from patients suffering from birch allergy with birch allergen Bet v induced a strong IL-4 response, whereas the same treatment together with the trivalent acetylated mannobioses caused significant suppression of the induced IL-4.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500, Åbo, Finland.
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rahkila
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500, Åbo, Finland.
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panchadhayee
authors.affiliation: Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardá
authors.affiliation: Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.|Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Barbero
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500, Åbo, Finland. reko.leino@abo.fi.
authors.forename: Reko
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-9125
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leino
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D057930:Click Chemistry; D003300:Copper; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008351:Mannans / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000618495:1,2,3-tris(1-(2-(2-(2-(O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1-2)-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-4-methyloxy-1,2,3-triazolyl)propane; C000618496:1,2,3-tris(1-(3-(O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1-2)-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyloxy)propyl)-4-methyloxy-1,2,3-triazolyl)propane; D000085:Acetates; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004187:Disaccharides; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D008351:Mannans; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D003300:Copper
keywords: NMR spectroscopy; carbohydrates; glycoclusters; immunostimulation; molecular modeling