title: Laparoscopic treatment of nonpalpable testicle. Factors predictive for diminished size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to demonstrate the usefulness of laparoscopy in intraabdominal testicle (IAT) and to determine factors associated with diminished size during the final outcome after laparoscopic orchidopexy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients from 1999 to 2013 with a minimum follow-up of 1year. Patient and testicular factors were related to diminished size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty one patients, and 92 testicles were included. Median age at operation was 42months. Initially we found 66 normal sized testes (71.7%), 22 hypotrophic (23.9%) and four atrophic (4.3%). Eighty seven testes were brought down laparoscopically, 50 in one surgical stage and 37 in two stages. Mean follow-up was 40.2months and the final outcome was success: 73.5% and diminished size: 26.5%. Variables associated with diminished size were hypotrophy during initial evaluation, short spermatic vessels, section of spermatic vessels, two-stage surgery and tension to reach contralateral inguinal ring. Multivariate analysis showed that initial hypotrophy (odds ratio [OR] 4.96, confidence interval 95% [CI] 1.36-18.10) and tension to reach contralateral ring (OR 4.11, 95% CI 1.18-14.34) were associated with diminished size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy is useful in treating IAT. Initial size and tension to reach contralateral ring are factors associated with diminished size.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, CP 06720 Mexico, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: brachoblanchet@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bracho-Blanchet
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, CP 06720 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unda-Haro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, CP 06720 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ordorica-Flores
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, CP 06720 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nieto-Zermeño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, CP 06720 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zalles-Vidal
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, CP 06720 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Portilla
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, CP 06720 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davila-Perez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001284:Atrophy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D056126:Orchiopexy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cryptorchidism; Intraabdominal testicle; Laparoscopy; Nonpalpable testicle; Orchidopexy