title: The pharmacological effects of intramuscular administration of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and butorphanol in dogs.
abstract: The pharmacological effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and butorphanol were evaluated in 6 healthy beagle dogs. Each dog received three treatments with a minimum 10-day interval between treatments. The dogs received an IM injection of alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg (ALFX), medetomidine 2.5 µg/kg and butorphanol 0.25 mg/kg (MB), or their combination (MBA) 1 hr after the recovery from their instrumentation. Endotracheal intubation was attempted, and dogs were allowed to breath room air. Neuro-depressive effects (behavior changes and subjective scores) and cardiorespiratory parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, direct blood pressure, central venous pressure and blood gases) were evaluated before and at 2 to 120 min after IM treatment. Each dog became lateral recumbency, except for two dogs administered the MB treatment. The duration was longer in the MBA treatment compared with the ALFX treatment (100 ± 48 min vs 46 ± 13 min). Maintenance of the endotracheal tube lasted for 60 ± 24 min in five dogs administered the MBA treatment and for 20 min in one dog administered the ALFX treatment. Cardiorespiratory variables were maintained within clinically acceptable ranges, although decreases in heart and respiratory rates, and increases in central venous pressure occurred after the MBA and MB treatments. The MBA treatment provided an anesthetic effect that permitted endotracheal intubation without severe cardiorespiratory depression in healthy dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Kirby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pasloske
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011277:Pregnanediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D011277:Pregnanediones; C006477:alphaxalone; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol