title: The immediate effects of lidocaine iontophoresis using interferential current on pressure sense threshold and tactile sensation.
abstract: Iontophoresis is the noninvasive delivery of ions using direct current. The direct current has some disadvantages such as skin burning. Interferential current is a kind of alternating current without limitations of direct current; so the purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of lidocaine, interferential current and lidocaine iontophoresis using interferential current. 30 healthy women aged 20-24 years participated in this randomized clinical trial study. Pressure, tactile and pain thresholds were evaluated before and after the application of treatment methods. Pressure, tactile and pain sensitivity increased significantly after the application of lidocaine alone (p < 0.005) and lidocaine iontophoresis using interferential current (p < 0.0001). Lidocaine iontophoresis using interferential current can increase perception threshold of pain, tactile stimulus and pressure sense more significantly than lidocaine and interferential current alone.
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, PhD of Physical Therapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin Kordi
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Yoosefinejad
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, PhD of Physical Therapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motealleh
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, PhD of Physical Therapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Keramatollah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abbasnia
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D017288:Pain Threshold; D011312:Pressure; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: drug delivery; iontophoresis; lidocaine; sensation; tactile perception; transdermal drug delivery