title: Cost of myopic patients with and without myopic choroidal neovascularisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the costs associated with high myopia (HM) with choroidal neovascularisation (mCNV) or without mCNV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and multicentre study (HM and mCNV) conducted on adult patients. Annualised medical direct cost (MDC) from the perspective of the National Health System, the non-medical direct cost (nMDC) from the patient perspective, and productivity losses were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 137 mCNV and 48 HM patients were included (mean age [SD]: 55.1 [2.8] vs. 54.7 [13.8]; P=.2), with 80% women in both groups. The observation time (months) ranged from 17.9 (9.6) right eye (RE) and 20.0 (9.7), left eye (LE) in mCNV and 47.1 (21.5) RE/45.5 (20.7) LE in MM. A higher percentage of emergency room visits was observed in mCNV vs. HM patients (41.7 vs. 25%; P=.06) and retinal specialists (91.2 vs. 77.1%; P=.01). The MDC was higher in mCNV: € 1,985 (95% CI: 1772-2198) vs. € 356 (251-480) HM, P<.001. The nMDC was also higher in mCNV: € 256 (11-524) vs. €19 (11-26) HM, P>.4. The number of affected eyes, the follow-up time, and the mCNV were factors associated with direct costs. The impact on work productivity was higher in mCNV (quite/very concerned): 27.7 vs. 10.4% HM. The mCNV showed a significant association with activity impairment (OR: 3.47, 95% CI: 10.101-1.195).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  mCNV involves higher medical costs than HM. In addition, mCNV patients have a greater need of care and assistive devices, and greater impact of the disease in their work productivity.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, España. Electronic address: JoseMaria.Ruiz@uclm.es.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Novartis Farmacéutica, S.A., Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roura
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D009819:Office Visits / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012656:Self-Help Devices / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors
keywords: Choroidal neovascularisation; Costes directos; Costes indirectos; Direct costs; High myopia; Indirect costs; Miopía magna; Neovascularización miópica; Productividad laboral; Work productivity