title: Prognostic role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer treated with radiofrequency ablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D is implicated in the etiology of several neoplastic diseases, but its relationship with colorectal cancer survival is still unclear. Aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D levels influence survival outcomes in colorectal cancer liver metastases patients treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in 143 patients with 215 colorectal liver metastases who underwent radiofrequency ablation between 1999 and 2011 at our institution. The influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on overall survival and time to recurrence was evaluated in univariate and multivariate Cox analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age was 68 years (range 41-85), and median number of nodules was 2 (1-3) with a median maximum diameter of 26 mm (10-48). Median survival was 44 months (36-62), and survival rate was 91.4%, 46.5%, and 42.2% at 1, 4, and 5 years in the whole cohort. Median survival was 65 months (52-74) if 25-hydroxyvitamin D >20 ng/mL and 34 months (24-41) if ≤20 ng/mL (P < 0.001). In the whole cohort, median time to recurrence was 34 months (26-47), 50 months (36-62) in the case of 25-hydroxyvitamin D >20 ng/mL and 24 months (20-32) if ≤20 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Nodule size and 25-hydroxyvitamin D resulted as significant predictors of both overall survival and time to recurrence in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides support for the use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D as a new predictor of outcome for colorectal liver metastases patients.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Facciorusso
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Del Prete
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muscatiello
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crucinio
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: colorectal liver metastases; radiofrequency ablation; survival; vitamin D