title: Effect of biochar amendment on the control of soil sulfonamides, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and gene enrichment in lettuce tissues.
abstract: Considering the potential threat of vegetables growing in antibiotic-polluted soil with high abundance of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) against human health through the food chain, it is thus urgent to develop novel control technology to ensure vegetable safety. In the present work, pot experiments were conducted in lettuce cultivation to assess the impedance effect of biochar amendment on soil sulfonamides (SAs), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and ARG enrichment in lettuce tissues. After 100 days of cultivation, lettuce cultivation with biochar amendment exhibited the greatest soil SA dissipation as well as the significant improvement of lettuce growth indices, with residual soil SAs mainly existing as the tightly bound fraction. Moreover, the SA contents in roots and new/old leaves were reduced by one to two orders of magnitude compared to those without biochar amendment. In addition, isolate counts for SA-resistant bacterial endophytes in old leaves and sul gene abundances in roots and old leaves also decreased significantly after biochar application. However, neither SA resistant bacteria nor sul genes were detected in new leaves. It was the first study to demonstrate that biochar amendment can be a practical strategy to protect lettuce safety growing in SA-polluted soil with rich ARB and ARGs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China. Electronic address: fengyanfang@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Shanni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Huixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China. Electronic address: Jiangxin@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D018545:Lactuca / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013449:Sulfonamides; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: ARB; ARGs; Biochar addition; Impedance effect; Lettuce cultivation