title: An Unusual Complication of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: Urinary Bladder Stone Case Report and Literature Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt surgery is the most common technique used for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt to the bladder is rare. Only two cases have been previously reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on a 38-year-old male who had hydrocephalus and V-P shunt for 12 years. Two years ago, he found himself with recurrent urinary tract infections, haematuria and urges incontinence, and then he was diagnosed with bladder perforation and merge stones. The patient had an abdominal operation to cut off and take out the shunt catheter, as well as a transurethral holmium laser lithotripsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder perforation and stones are rare examples of complications in V-P surgical procedures. Controlling the effective length of the terminal V-P shunt and modifying it appropriately can effectively reduce these complications.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, China.
authors.forename: Weixin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, China.
authors.forename: Yufa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Hydrocephalus; Stones; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt