title: Hypoxia Alters the Expression of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 and Induces Developmental Remodeling of Human Preadipocytes.
abstract: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a transmembrane protein, has been identified in human adipose tissue and is considered to be associated with obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Since adipose tissue is relatively hypoxic in obese participants, we investigated the expression of DPP4 in human preadipocytes (hPA) and adipocytes in hypoxia, during differentiation and upon insulin stimulation. The results show that DPP4 is abundantly expressed in hPA but very sparsely in adipocytes. During differentiation in vitro, the expression of DPP4 in hPA is reduced on the addition of differentiation medium, indicating that this protein can be hPA marker. Long term hypoxia altered the expression of DPP4 in hPA. In in vitro hypoxic conditions the protease activity of shed DPP4 is reduced; however, in the presence of insulin, the increase in DPP4 expression is potentiated by hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Helena H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velebit
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Nataša
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Radić
authors.affiliation: Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frančič
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreft
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zorec
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C042807:DPP4 protein, human; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4