title: Impact of Fibrotic Tissue on Shear Wave Velocity in Thyroid: An Ex Vivo Study with Fresh Thyroid Specimens.
abstract: We sought to elucidate the correlation between shear wave velocity (SWV) and fibrosis in thyroid by precisely assessing pathological structures inside 5 × 5 mm(2) regions of interest (ROIs) of resected specimens, under conditions that excluded physical artifacts. The materials were unselected thyroid and lymph node specimens resected during thyroid surgery. Immediately after surgery, fresh unfixed thyroid and metastatic lymph node specimens were suspended in gel phantoms, and SWV was measured. Upon pathological examination of each specimen, the extent of fibrosis was graded as none, moderate, or severe. A total of 109 specimens were evaluated: 15 normal thyroid, 16 autoimmune thyroiditis, 40 malignant nodules, 19 benign thyroid nodules, and 19 metastatic lymph nodes. When all specimens were classified according to the degree of fibrosis determined by pathological imaging, the mean SWV was 1.49 ± 0.39 m/s for no fibrosis, 2.13 ± 0.66 m/s for moderate fibrosis, and 2.68 ± 0.82 m/s for severe fibrosis. The SWVs of samples with moderate and severe fibrosis were significantly higher than those of samples without fibrosis. The results of this study demonstrate that fibrosis plays an important role in determining stiffness, as measured by SWV in thyroid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donishi
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology