title: Evaluation of Lasting Effects of Heat Stress on Sperm Profile and Oxidative Status of Ram Semen and Epididymal Sperm.
abstract: Higher temperatures lead to an increase of testicular metabolism that results in spermatic damage. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for testicular damage caused by heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate lasting effects of heat stress on ejaculated sperm and immediate or long-term effects of heat stress on epididymal sperm. We observed decrease in motility and mass motility of ejaculated sperm, as well as an increase in the percentages of sperm showing major and minor defects, damaged plasma and acrosome membranes, and a decrease in the percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential in the treated group until one spermatic cycle. An increased enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase and an increase of stressed cells were observed in ejaculated sperm of the treated group. A decrease in the percentage of epididymal sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in the treated group. However, when comparing immediate and long-term effects, we observed an increase in the percentage of sperm with low mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, testicular heat stress induced oxidative stress that led to rescuable alterations after one spermatic cycle in ejaculated sperm and also after 30 days in epididymal sperm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Rose Dos Santos
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camilla Mota
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Signori
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Monken
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: de Assis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Felipe Perez
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana de Carvalho
authors.initials: Jde C
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Demarchi
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Goissis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muiño-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: José Álvaro
authors.initials: JÁ
authors.lastname: Cebrián-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcílio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Visintin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508 270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayra Elena Ortiz D'Ávila
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Assumpção
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004822:Epididymis / Q000473:pathology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005609:Free Radicals; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase