title: Method for screening prevention and control measures and technologies based on groundwater pollution intensity assessment.
abstract: This paper presents a system for determining the evaluation and gradation indices of groundwater pollution intensity (GPI). Considering the characteristics of the vadose zone and pollution sources, the system decides which anti-seepage measures should be implemented at the contaminated site. The pollution sources hazards (PSH) and groundwater intrinsic vulnerability (GIV) are graded by the revised Nemerow Pollution Index and an improved DRTAS model, respectively. GPI is evaluated and graded by a double-sided multi-factor coupling model, which is constructed by the matrix method. The contaminated sites are categorized as prior, ordinary, or common sites. From the GPI results, we develop guiding principles for preventing and removing pollution sources, procedural interruption and remediation, and end treatment and monitoring. Thus, we can select appropriate prevention and control technologies (PCT). To screen the technological schemes and optimize the traditional analytical hierarchy process (AHP), we adopt the technique for order preference by the similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Our GPI approach and PCT screening are applied to three types of pollution sites: the refuse dump of a rare earth mine development project (a potential pollution source), a chromium slag dump, and a landfill (existing pollution sources). These three sites are identified as ordinary, prior, and ordinary sites, respectively. The anti-seepage materials at the refuse dump should perform as effectively as a 1.5-m-thick clay bed. The chromium slag dump should be preferentially treated by soil flushing and in situ chemical remediation. The landfill should be treated by natural attenuation technology. The proposed PCT screening approach was compared with conventional screening methods results at the three sites and proved feasible and effective. The proposed method can provide technical support for the monitoring and management of groundwater pollution in China.
authors.affiliation: College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China. Electronic address: lijuan@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Mingxiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China; Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China. Electronic address: xibd413@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Beidou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Ningqing
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and Designing, Guizhou 550000, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China. Electronic address: qin3201@126.com.
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Jinjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Existing pollution sources; Groundwater pollution intensity; Potential pollution sources; Prevention and control technologies; Unconfined groundwater