title: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Diet Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance, Modulating Mitochondrial Respiratory Uncoupling in Rat Skeletal Muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are dietary compounds able to attenuate insulin resistance. Anyway, the precise actions of ω-3PUFAs in skeletal muscle are overlooked. We hypothesized that PUFAs, modulating mitochondrial function and efficiency, would ameliorate pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant signs of nutritionally induced obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  To this aim, rats were fed a control diet (CD) or isocaloric high fat diets containing either ω-3 PUFA (FD) or lard (LD) for 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FD rats showed lower weight, lipid gain and energy efficiency compared to LD-fed animals, showing higher energy expenditure and O2 consumption/CO2 production. Serum lipid profile and pro-inflammatory parameters in FD-fed animals were reduced compared to LD. Accordingly, FD rats exhibited a higher glucose tolerance revealed by an improved glucose and insulin tolerance tests compared to LD, accompanied by a restoration of insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. PUFAs increased lipid oxidation and reduced energy efficiency in subsarcolemmal mitochondria, and increase AMPK activation, reducing both endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Increased mitochondrial respiration was related to an increased mitochondriogenesis in FD skeletal muscle, as shown by the increase in PGC1-α and -β.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  our data strengthened the association of high dietary ω3-PUFA intake with reduced mitochondrial energy efficiency in the skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trinchese
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergamo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Filippo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mattace Raso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gifuni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Putti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Bottu Heleena
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Moni
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto Berni
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Canani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Pina
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mollica
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3