title: An alternative choice of lidocaine-loaded liposomes: lidocaine-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for local anesthetic therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The skin permeation enhancement of local anesthetics by newer innovative nanotechnologies has been an appealing field recently. However, which nanocarrier is better for drug loading and has better stability? Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare two kinds of nanocarriers: liposomes and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) for lidocaine (LA) delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  LA-loaded liposomes (LA-LPs) and LPNs (LA-LPNs) were prepared. Two kinds of nanocarriers were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug release, and stability. Their in vitro skin permeation was studied using a Franz diffusion cell mounted with depilated mouse skin in vitro. In vivo local anesthetic effects of LA containing formulations were evaluated by tail flick latency (TFL) test using a tail-flick measuring device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with LA-LPs, LA-LPNs showed significantly better in vitro skin permeation ability and in vivo local anesthetic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that LPNs could improve the efficacy of drugs to higher levels than LPs and free drugs, thus could serve as an effective drug system for LA loading for local anesthetic therapy.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College , Qingdao , Shandong , China and.|b Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Laizhu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College , Qingdao , Shandong , China and.
authors.forename: Shilei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Lidocaine; lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles; liposomes; local anesthetics; skin permeation