title: Guidelines for the Management of Pregnant Women With Substance Use Disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women of reproductive potential with substance use disorders, especially those who are pregnant, present many clinical challenges to healthcare providers, including comorbid psychiatric disorders, a history of trauma and abuse, avoidance of or poor access to prenatal care, fear of legal consequences, and countertransference reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In November 2013, members of the Women's Mental Health Special Interest Group of the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine presented a Workshop reviewing substance abuse in pregnancy, highlighting the specific contributions that psychosomatic medicine specialists can make in the care of these patients. The discussion focused on epidemiology; maternal and fetal risks; and screening and treatment considerations for tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opioids, benzodiazepines, stimulants, and several other substances.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose in publishing this review is to provide clinicians and educators with the most up-to-date summary in this field to better engage these patients in care and break the intergenerational cycle of abuse and addiction.
authors.affiliation: Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE. Electronic address: mclafferty.laura@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: McLafferty
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Nehama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dresner
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meltzer-Brody
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glance
authors.affiliation: Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY.
authors.forename: Guitelle St
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marshalek
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lander
authors.affiliation: Veterans Health Administration, Fayetteville, AR.
authors.forename: Linda L M
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Worley
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*