title: Estimation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Groundwater and Development of a Heavy Metal Pollution Index by Using GIS Technique.
abstract: Heavy metal (Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) concentration in sixty-six groundwater samples of the West Bokaro coalfield were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy for determination of seasonal fluctuation, source apportionment and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). Metal concentrations were found higher in the pre-monsoon season as compared to the post-monsoon season. Geographic information system (GIS) tool was attributed to study the metals risk in groundwater of the West Bokaro coalfield. The results show that 94 % of water samples were found as low class and 6 % of water samples were in medium class in the post-monsoon season. However, 79 % of water samples were found in low class, 18 % in medium class and 3 % in high class in the pre-monsoon season. The HPI values were below the critical pollution index value of 100. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, and Ni are exceeding the desirable limits in many groundwater samples in both seasons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India. ashwani.enviro@gmail.com.|DIATI-Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy. ashwani.enviro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashwani Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
authors.forename: Prasoon Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826 015, India.
authors.forename: Abhay Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: DIATI-Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Maio
mesh_terms: D003032:Coal Mining; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D007194:India; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: GIS; Groundwater quality; HPI; Heavy metals; PCA; Seasonal variation; Source evaluation; West Bokaro coalfield