title: Modern Methods for Interrogating the Human Connectome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Connectionist theories of brain function took hold with the seminal contributions of Norman Geschwind a half century ago. Modern neuroimaging techniques have expanded the scientific interest in the study of brain connectivity to include the intact as well as disordered brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review, we describe the most common techniques used to measure functional and structural connectivity, including resting state functional MRI, diffusion MRI, and electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography coherence. We also review the most common analytical approaches used for examining brain interconnectivity associated with these various imaging methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review presents a critical analysis of the assumptions, as well as methodological limitations, of each imaging and analysis approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall goal of this review is to provide the reader with an introduction to evaluating the scientific methods underlying investigations that probe the human connectome.
authors.affiliation: 1Imaging Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,Ohio.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: 1Imaging Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,Ohio.
authors.forename: Ken E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sakaie
authors.affiliation: 1Imaging Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,Ohio.
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.affiliation: 2The Mind Research Network,Albuquerque,New Mexico.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: 2The Mind Research Network,Albuquerque,New Mexico.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bridwell
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mikail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubinov
authors.affiliation: 5Neurological Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,Ohio.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6463-7460
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D063132:Connectome / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging
keywords: Complex network analysis; Diffusion MRI; EEG/MEG coherence; Human connectome; Independent components analysis; Resting state fMRI