title: Evaluation of adverse health risks associated with antineoplastic drug exposure in nurses at two Chinese hospitals: The effects of implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the health risks of antineoplastic drugs (ADs) occupational exposure in nurses and to evaluate the effects of implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) in two Chinese hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The laboratory findings were collected from annual staff physical examination data. Reproductive toxicity and clinical manifestations were self-reported via a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematotoxicity, organ damage, reproductive toxicity, and clinical manifestations associated with AD exposure were markedly higher in oncology nurses than unexposed nurses. Application of PIVAS led to a significant restoration of the blood cell counts and kidney function, and a reduction in adverse reproductive outcomes among oncology nurses. Pronounced symptoms related to AD exposure were alleviated as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oncology nurses who work with AD's experienced more adverse health outcomes than unexposed nurses. The health risks to AD were significantly alleviated by implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service.
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Qiaowei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Province Oncology Hospital, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Mengna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yating
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Youxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Weiyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000328:Adult; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: antineoplastic drugs; healthcare system; nurse; occupational exposure; pharmacy intravenous admixture service