title: The Essential Oil Compositions of Ocimum basilicum from Three Different Regions: Nepal, Tajikistan, and Yemen.
abstract: The aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum L. were collected from four different geographical locations, Sindhuli and Biratnagar (Nepal), Chormaghzak village (Tajikistan), and Sana'a (Yemen). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A cluster analysis of 179 essential oil compositions revealed six major chemotypes: Linalool, eugenol, estragole, methyl eugenol, 1,8-cineole, and geraniol. All four of the basil oils in this study were of the linalool-rich variety. Some of the basil oils were screened for bioactivity including antimicrobial, cytotoxicity in human cancer cells, brine shrimp lethality, nematicidal, larvicidal, insecticidal, and antioxidant. The basil oils in this study were not notably antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, nor nematicidal, but were active in the brine shrimp lethality test, and did show larvicidal and insecticidal activities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, DE-69120 Heidelberg. sharopov@uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Farukh S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Sharopov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA, (phone: +1-256-824-6519; fax: +1-256-824-6519).
authors.forename: Prabodh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satyal
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, P.O. Box 13150, Sana'a, Yemen. alinasser9678@yahoo.com.|Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, Al Baha, KSA. alinasser9678@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nasser A Awadh
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA, (phone: +1-256-824-6519; fax: +1-256-824-6519).
authors.forename: Suraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokharel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA, (phone: +1-256-824-6519; fax: +1-256-824-6519).
authors.forename: Hanjing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, DE-69120 Heidelberg.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wink
authors.affiliation: V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Tajik Academy of Sciences, Ainy St. 299/2, Dushanbe, 734063, Tajikistan.
authors.forename: Muhammadsho A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kukaniev
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA, (phone: +1-256-824-6519; fax: +1-256-824-6519). wsetzer@chemistry.uah.edu.
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Setzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009390:Nepal; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D013620:Tajikistan; D015006:Yemen
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Basil oil; Chemotaxonomy; Insecticidal activity; Larvicidal activity