title: Topology and temperature dependence of the diffuse X-ray scattering in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3ferroelectric single crystals.
abstract: The results of high-resolution measurements of the diffuse X-ray scattering produced by a perovskite-based Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3ferroelectric single crystal between 40 and 620 K are reported. The study was designed as an attempt to resolve numerous controversies regarding the average structure of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, such as the mechanism of the phase transitions between the tetragonal,P4bm, and rhombohedral | monoclinic,R3c|Cc, space groups and the correlation between structural changes and macroscopic physical properties. The starting point was to search for any transformations of structural disorder in the temperature range of thermal depoling (420-480 K), where the average structure is known to remain unchanged. The intensity distribution around the {032} pseudocubic reflection was collected using a PILATUS 100K detector at the I16 beamline of the Diamond Light Source (UK). The data revealed previously unknown features of the diffuse scattering, including a system of dual asymmetric L-shaped diffuse scattering streaks. The topology, temperature dependence, and relationship between Bragg and diffuse intensities suggest the presence of complex microstructure in the low-temperatureR3c|Ccphase. This microstructure may be formed by the persistence of the higher-temperatureP4bmphase, built into a lower-temperatureR3c|Ccmatrix, accompanied by the related long-range strain fields. Finally, it is shown that a correlation between the temperature dependence of the X-ray scattering features and the temperature regime of thermal depoling is present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Siegen , Walter-Flex Strasse 3, Siegen 57072, Germany.
authors.forename: Semën
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorfman
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Dean S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Keeble
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bombardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Pam A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thomas
keywords: Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3; high-resolution X-ray diffraction; lead-free ferroelectrics; perovskites; single-crystal diffuse X-ray scattering