title: Antibacterial and Antiinflammatory Properties of Bovine Colostrum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunity related disorder is one of the leading causes of disease in the world. Oxidative stress and microbial infections play a major role in inflammation-induced diseases. Bovine colostrum (BC) contains immunoglobulins and lactoferrins which help in building the immunity and protect against the bacterial proliferation and growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities of BC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antimicrobial activity was determined by the pour-plate method using five different strains of bacteria (Gram -ve and +ve), and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method was used for the evaluation of antiinflammatory activity in adult Wistar rats. Diclofenac was used as standard antiinflammatory drug, and amoxicillin was used as standard antimicrobial agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BC showed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus. aureus, Proteus. vulgaris, Enterobacter. aerogenes and Salmonella. typhi. At 100 µg/mL of BC, the inhibition zones were found to be 13mm, 11mm, 12mm, 12mm, and 11mm, respectively. The BC zones were comparatively smaller than those of amoxicillin at 10µg/mL, where the inhibition zones were 16mm, 30mm, 23mm, 22mm and 23mm, respectively. In the BC treated animals, the percentage edema inhibition was found to be 67.94% at the third hour, suggesting high antiinflammatory activity of BC in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BC may be beneficial in reducing the risks of inflammation associated diseases. Further studies are needed before BC can be recommended for therapeutic interventions in humans.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Trupti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Angolkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056, Maharashtra, India. ginpreet.aneja@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ginpreet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Harpal S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Buttar
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002351:Carrageenan; D002417:Cattle; D003126:Colostrum; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004008:Diclofenac; D000658:Amoxicillin; D002351:Carrageenan