title: Barriers to knowledge sharing in Chinese healthcare referral services: an emergent theoretical model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper reports on a research study that aims to identify and explain barriers to knowledge sharing (KS) in the provision of healthcare referral services in Chinese healthcare organisations.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inductive case study approach was employed, in which 24 healthcare professionals and workers from four healthcare organisations in the province of Hubei, Central China, were interviewed using semi-structured scripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through data analysis, 14 KS barriers emerged in four main themes: interpersonal trust barriers, communication barriers, management and leadership barriers, and inter-institutional barriers. A cause-consequence analysis of the identified barriers revealed that three of them are at the core of the majority of problems, namely, the absence of national and local policies for inter-hospital KS, lack of a specific hospital KS requirement, and lack of mutual acquaintance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To resolve KS problems, it is of great importance that healthcare governance agencies, both at the national and regional levels, take leadership in the process of KS implementation by establishing specific and strong policies for inter-institutional KS in the referral process. This paper raises important issues that exceed academic interests and are important to healthcare professionals, hospital managers, and Information communication technology (ICT) managers in hospitals, as well as healthcare politicians and policy makers.
authors.affiliation: School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; miguelnunes@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Miguel Baptista
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002681:China; D003144:Communication Barriers; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007857:Leadership; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012017:Referral and Consultation
keywords: Chinese healthcare systems; healthcare referral services; knowledge sharing; knowledge sharing barriers