title: Preparation of a thick polymer brush layer composed of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and analysis of protein adsorption resistance.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to prepare a thick polymer brush layer composed of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)) and assess its resistance to protein adsorption from the dissolved state of poly(MPC) chains in an aqueous condition. The thick poly(MPC) brush layer was prepared through the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of MPC with a free initiator from an initiator-immobilized substrate at given [Monomer]/[Free initiator] ratios. The ellipsometric thickness of the poly(MPC) brush layers could be controlled by the polymerization degree of the poly(MPC) chains. The thickness of the poly(MPC) brush layer in an aqueous medium was larger than that in air, and this tendency became clearer when the polymerization degree of the poly(MPC) increased. The maximum thickness of the poly(MPC) brush layer in an aqueous medium was around 110 nm. The static air contact angle of the poly(MPC) brush layer in water indicated a reasonably hydrophilic nature, which was independent of the thickness of the poly(MPC) brush layer at the surface. This result occurred because the hydrated state of the poly(MPC) chains is not influenced by the environment surrounding them. Finally, as measured with a quartz crystal microbalance, the amount of protein adsorbed from a fetal bovine serum solution (10% in phosphate-buffered saline) on the original substrate was 420 ng/cm(2). However, the poly(MPC) brush layer reduced this value dramatically to less than 50 ng/cm(2). This effect was independent of the thickness of the poly(MPC) brush layer for thicknesses between 20 nm and about 110 nm. These results indicated that the surface covered with a poly(MPC) brush layer is a promising platform to avoid biofouling and could also be applied to analyze the reactions of biological molecules with a high signal/noise ratio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. Electronic address: inoue@mpc.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. Electronic address: ishihara@mpc.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishihara
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011506:Proteins; C115766:poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl-phosphorylcholine); D014867:Water; D010767:Phosphorylcholine
keywords: Hydrophilic surface; Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine); Polymer brush layer; Protein adsorption resistance; Thickness of polymer layer in water