title: Tissue engineering advances in spine surgery.
abstract: Autograft, while currently the gold standard for bone grafting, has several significant disadvantages including limited supply, donor site pain, hematoma formation, nerve and vascular injury, and fracture. Bone allografts have their own disadvantages including reduced osteoinductive capability, lack of osteoprogenitor cells, immunogenicity and risk of disease transmission. Thus demand exists for tissue-engineered constructs that can produce viable bone while avoiding the complications associated with human tissue grafts. This review will focus on recent advancements in tissue-engineered bone graft substitutes utilizing nanoscale technology in spine surgery applications. An evaluation will be performed of bone graft substitutes, biomimetic 3D scaffolds, bone morphogenetic protein, mesenchymal stem cells and intervertebral disc regeneration strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Melvin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Makhni
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Jon-Michael E
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.affiliation: The Spine Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Healthcare System, Columbia University Medical Center, 5141 Broadway, New York, NY 10034, USA.
authors.forename: Comron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saifi
authors.affiliation: The Spine Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Healthcare System, Columbia University Medical Center, 5141 Broadway, New York, NY 10034, USA.
authors.forename: Charla R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.affiliation: The Spine Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Healthcare System, Columbia University Medical Center, 5141 Broadway, New York, NY 10034, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lenke
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Francis Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
keywords: biomimetic; bone graft; bone morphogenetic protein; disc regeneration; scaffolds; spine; stem cells; surgery; tissue engineering