title: Lille Apathy Rating Scale and MDS-UPDRS for Screening Apathy in Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apathy is a syndrome characterized primarily by lack of motivation which may be associated with cognitive, affective and behavioral changes. Although the Lille Apathy Scale (LARS) has been extensively utilized in PD for detecting apathy and testing the effectiveness of specific therapeutic interventions, the highly variable cut-off values (between -11 and -22 points) ensures the applicability of the LARS degree of difficulty as a superb screening tool.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine more reliable threshold values based on the neuropsychiatric status of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depression was assessed utilizing the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and neurocognitive status by Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. The presence of apathy was assessed by the proposed diagnostic criteria of Drijgers et al, and graded by both LARS and the 'Apathy' item of MDS-UPDRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on multivariate regression analysis, we revealed the neurocognitive status, severity of depression, and also gender while applying dosage of dopamine agonists to determine the degree of patient apathy. Based on whether or not depression and neurocognitive disorders were indeed present, we established four different threshold values for the LARS: patients with normal cognition and without depression: -22.5; patients with normal cognition and with depression: -18.5; patients with NCD and without depression: -19.5; patients with NCD and with depression: -14.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LARS and the 'Apathy' item of MDS-UPDRS were confirmed to be potentially operational, beneficial and easy-to-assess instruments for detecting apathy syndrome in PD. However, there is no universal threshold value for the LARS suitable in all types of Parkinson's patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weintraut
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kázmér
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karádi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tivadar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lucza
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Márton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makkos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.|MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janszky
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.|MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kovács
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057565:Apathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
keywords: Apathy; Parkinson’s disease; scale; threshold value; validation