title: Optimizing Mouse Surgery with Online Rectal Temperature Monitoring and Preoperative Heat Supply. Effects on Post-Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury.
abstract: Body temperature affects outcomes of tissue injury. We hypothesized that online body core temperature recording and selective interventions help to standardize peri-interventional temperature control and the reliability of outcomes in experimental renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We recorded core temperature in up to seven mice in parallel using a Thermes USB recorder and ret-3-iso rectal probes with three different protocols. Setup A: Heating pad during ischemia time; Setup B: Heating pad from incision to wound closure; Setup C: A ventilated heating chamber before surgery and during ischemia time with surgeries performed on a heating pad. Temperature profile recording displayed significant declines upon installing anesthesia. The profile of the baseline experimental setup A revealed that <1% of the temperature readings were within the target range of 36.5 to 38.5°C. Setup B and C increased the target range readings to 34.6 ± 28.0% and 99.3 ± 1.5%, respectively. Setup C significantly increased S3 tubular necrosis, neutrophil influx, and mRNA expression of kidney injury markers. In addition, using setup C different ischemia times generated a linear correlation with acute tubular necrosis parameters at a low variability, which further correlated with the degree of kidney atrophy 5 weeks after surgery. Changing temperature control setup A to C was equivalent to 10 minutes more ischemia time. We conclude that body temperature drops quickly in mice upon initiating anesthesia. Immediate heat supply, e.g. in a ventilated heating chamber, and online core temperature monitoring can help to standardize and optimize experimental outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Julian A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marschner
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holderied
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Anders
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D001831:Body Temperature; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards