title: Relationship of toe pinch force to other muscle strength parameters in men with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the relations between toe pinch force and other muscle strength parameters in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 men with type 2 diabetes (age: 53.4 ± 13.1 years, duration of diabetes: 8.5 ± 8.1 years) who needed exercise training were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We evaluated the clinical parameters and 4 muscle strength parameters, which were toe pinch force, handgrip strength, isometric knee extension force, and isometric ankle dorsiflexion force.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HbA1c, toe pinch force, handgrip strength, isometric knee extension force, and isometric ankle dorsiflexion force were 10.1 ± 2.4 %, 3.2 ± 1.2 kg, 37.3 ± 7.0 kg, 39.6 ± 11.4 kgf, and 17.0 ± 6.3 kgf, respectively. Toe pinch force was significantly correlated with handgrip strength (r = 0.365, p = 0.0206), isometric knee extension force (r = 0.668, p < 0.0001), and isometric ankle dorsiflexion force (r = 0.514, p = 0.0007). All muscle strength parameters were significantly lower in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy than in those without polyneuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although toe pinch force was significantly correlated with the other muscle strength parameters, the correlation was not so strong. However, evaluation of toe pinch force might be recommended for assessment of distal limb muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Center, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan. h.kataoka59@gmail.com.|Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan. h.kataoka59@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Center, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murao
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Tenjinmae, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0018, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumikazu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kohi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014034:Toes / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Handgrip strength; Isometric ankle dorsiflexion force; Isometric knee extension force; Toe pinch force; Type 2 diabetes mellitus