title: [Metabonomics Study on Urine 1H-NMR in Chronic Superficial Gastritis Patients with Pi-qi Deficiency Syndrome/Pi-Wei Dampness-heat Syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe metabolomic changes in urine of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) patients with Pi-qi deficiency syndrome (PQDS) or Pi-Wei dampness-heat syndrome (PWDHS), thereby providing scientific evidence for syndrome typing of them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples were collected from CSG patients with PQDS/PWDHS and healthy volunteers, 10 in each group. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) based metabonomic analysis was performed on urine samples. Contents of related biomarkers were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and urivariate statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLS-DA analysis showed that metabolites among CSG patients with PQDS/PWDHS and healthy volunteers could be mutually distinguished. Seven differentially identified metabolites were screened from urines of CSG patients with PQDS and healthy volunteers included glutamate, methionine, α-oxoglutarate, dimethylglycine, creatinine, taurine, and glucose. Four differentially identified metabolites were screened from urines of CSG patients with PWDHS and healthy volunteers included 2-hydroxybutyric acid, trimethylamine oxide, taurine, and hippuric acid. Eleven differentially identified metabolites were screened from urines of CSG patients with PQDS and PWDHS included fucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid, alanine, glutamate, methionine, succinic acid, citric acid, creatinine, glucose, hippuric acid, and lactic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metabolic differences of CSG patients PQDS and PWDHS mainly manifested in glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acids catabolism, and 1H-NMR based metabonomics may be used in classified study of Chinese medical syndrome typing.
authors.forename: Xu-guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhong-jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Mei-yin
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuan-gui
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Zhi-cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Man-ting
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Meng-juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005756:Gastritis / Q000652:urine*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology; D055432:Metabolomics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019413:Qi; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; C031570:2-hydroxybutyric acid