title: Gestation and breastfeeding in schistosomotic mothers differently modulate the immune response of adult offspring to postnatal Schistosoma mansoni infection.
abstract: Schistosoma mansoni antigens in the early life alter homologous and heterologous immunity during postnatal infections. We evaluate the immunity to parasite antigens and ovalbumin (OA) in adult mice born/suckled by schistosomotic mothers. Newborns were divided into: born (BIM), suckled (SIM) or born/suckled (BSIM) in schistosomotic mothers, and animals from noninfected mothers (control). When adults, the mice were infected and compared the hepatic granuloma size and cellularity. Some animals were OA + adjuvant immunised. We evaluated hypersensitivity reactions (HR), antibodies levels (IgG1/IgG2a) anti-soluble egg antigen and anti-soluble worm antigen preparation, and anti-OA, cytokine production, and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells by splenocytes. Compared to control group, BIM mice showed a greater quantity of granulomas and collagen deposition, whereas SIM and BSIM presented smaller granulomas. BSIM group exhibited the lowest levels of anti-parasite antibodies. For anti-OA immunity, immediate HR was suppressed in all groups, with greater intensity in SIM mice accompanied of the remarkable level of basal CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. BIM and SIM groups produced less interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-g. In BSIM, there was higher production of IL-10 and IFN-g, but lower levels of IL-4 and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. Thus, pregnancy in schistosomotic mothers intensified hepatic fibrosis, whereas breastfeeding diminished granulomas in descendants. Separately, pregnancy and breastfeeding could suppress heterologous immunity; however, when combined, the responses could be partially restored in infected descendants.
authors.affiliation: Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Patrícia d'Emery Alves
authors.initials: Pd
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Virgínia Maria Barros de
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Lorena
authors.affiliation: Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Érica de Souza
authors.initials: Éde S
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Iana Rafaela Fernandes
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.affiliation: Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wheverton Ricardo Correia do
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Yara de Miranda
authors.initials: Yde M
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vlaudia Maria Assis
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Setor de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Valdênia Maria Oliveira de
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D058487:Cercaria / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000097:blood; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D064789:Immunity, Heterologous / Q000502:physiology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000502:physiology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008109:Liver Diseases, Parasitic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009035:Mothers; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin