title: FN-Identify: Novel Restriction Enzymes-Based Method for Bacterial Identification in Absence of Genome Sequencing.
abstract: Sequencing and restriction analysis of genes like 16S rRNA and HSP60 are intensively used for molecular identification in the microbial communities. With aid of the rapid progress in bioinformatics, genome sequencing became the method of choice for bacterial identification. However, the genome sequencing technology is still out of reach in the developing countries. In this paper, we propose FN-Identify, a sequencing-free method for bacterial identification. FN-Identify exploits the gene sequences data available in GenBank and other databases and the two algorithms that we developed, CreateScheme and GeneIdentify, to create a restriction enzyme-based identification scheme. FN-Identify was tested using three different and diverse bacterial populations (members of Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium groups) in an in silico analysis using restriction enzymes and sequences of 16S rRNA gene. The analysis of the restriction maps of the members of three groups using the fragment numbers information only or along with fragments sizes successfully identified all of the members of the three groups using a minimum of four and maximum of eight restriction enzymes. Our results demonstrate the utility and accuracy of FN-Identify method and its two algorithms as an alternative method that uses the standard microbiology laboratories techniques when the genome sequencing is not available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3956-0024
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ouda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Refy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fawzy A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: El-Feky
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
authors.forename: Kareem A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mosa
authors.affiliation: Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9561-7956
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmy