title: Targeted thrombolysis of tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase with extracellular biosynthesis nanoparticles using optimized Streptococcus equi supernatant.
abstract: Extracellular biosynthesis of nanoparticles have many important advantages such as well dispersed in aqueous solutions, low energy requirements, ecofriendly, non-toxic, low-costs and non-flocculate. This technique have shown significant promise as targeted drug delivery applications. In this investigation, for the first time, we examine the efficacy of targeted therapeutic delivery with t-PA and SK immobilized to biosynthesis of nanoparticles (CuNP) by using Streptococcus equi strains isolated from the horses of Iran and their ability to produce metallic nanoparticles. Also we compared them with their chemical synthesis. The S. equi was screened for its ability to produce MNPs. The minimum size and shapes (23-89 nm) are presented in the formation with good dispersion and high stability. Response Surface methodology was applied for the optimized production of biological CuNPs. The growth factors like pH, temperature and incubation time was changed. The optimum conditions to obtain CuNPs were found with the culture conditions of pH 7.5 in 120 h at 35 °C. To determine some of MNPs structural properties UV-vis absorption spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD and SEM has characterized. The results provided some parameters may impact on the formation of biological MNPs. Lastly, these MNPs were conjugated with t-PA and SK, as a drug carrier. In addition, effective thrombolysis with magnet-guided SiO2CuNPs-tPA-SK is demonstrated in rat embolism model where 18.6% of the regular t-PA dose and 15.78% of SK dose restored and 15-25 min reductions in blood clot lysis time were observed compared with runs with free t-PA and without magnet-guided and using the same drug dosage. The comparison between CuNPs with MNPs shows that thrombolysis had not been directed to the type of magnetic carrier under the magnetic guide.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of New Sciences and Technology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ateke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tadayon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemestry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jamshidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO Box 19585/936 Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: akbaresmaeili@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018502:Streptococcus equi; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003300:Copper; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: Magnetic nanoparticles; Streptokinase; Thrombolysis; Tissue plasminogen activator