title: Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-Control Study in Comparison to Normal Aging, Parkinson's Disease, and Non-Alzheimer's Dementia.
abstract: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, and macular volume (MV) utilizing spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were compared among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, non-Alzheimer's disease (non-AD) dementia, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), and age- and sex-matched controls in a cross-sectional cohort study. A total of 116 participants were diagnosed and evaluated (21 AD, 20 aMCI, 20 non-AD, 20 PD, and 34 controls) after comprehensive neurological, neuropsychology, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric evaluations. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, GCL thickness, and MV were measured. Analysis of variance models were used to compare groups on MRI volumetric measures, cognitive test results, and SD-OCT measures. Associations between SD-OCT measures and other measures were performed using mixed-effect models. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography analysis of retinal markers, including RNFL thickness, GCL thickness, and MV, did not differ between amnestic MCI, AD dementia, PD, non-AD, dementia, and age- and sex-matched controls in a well-characterized patient cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA pillaij@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Jagan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bermel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonner-Jackson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rae-Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bena
authors.affiliation: Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Justis P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leverenz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012160:Retina; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; dementia; mild cognitive impairment; non-Alzheimer’s dementia; optical coherence tomography; retinal nerve fiber thickness