title: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Histone Epigenetic Modulators in Breast Cancer.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and great advancements have been made for individualised patient treatment. Through understanding the underlying altered biology in the different subtypes of breast cancer, targeted therapeutics have been developed. Unfortunately, resistance to targeted therapy, intrinsic or acquired, is a recurring theme in cancer treatment. Epigenetic-mediated resistance to targeted therapy has been identified across different types of cancer. In addition, tumorigenesis has also been linked to altered expression of epigenetic modifiers. Due to the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, epigenetic proteins are appealing as therapeutic targets in both the primary and relapsed/resistant setting. In this review, we will discuss the current state of targetable epigenetic histone modifications and their diagnostic and therapeutic implications in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2 , Ireland.|b Department of Physiology and Medical Physics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: c Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland.|d OncoMark Limited , NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Darran P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiology and Medical Physics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
authors.forename: Tríona
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ní Chonghaile
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019175:DNA Methylation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: BET proteins and polycomb proteins; Breast cancer; diagnostic; epigenetics; histone deacetylases; resistance