title: Impact of vineyard abandonment and natural recolonization on metal content and availability in Mediterranean soils.
abstract: Abandonment of vineyards after uprooting has dramatically increased in last decades in Mediterranean countries, often followed by vegetation expansion processes. Inadequate management strategies can have negative consequences on soil quality. We studied how the age and type of vegetation cover and several environmental characteristics (lithology, soil properties, vineyard slope and so on) after vineyard uprooting and abandonment contribute to the variation patterns in total, HAc (acetic acid-method, HAc) and EDTA-extractable (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-method) concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soils. We sampled 141 points from vineyards and abandoned vineyard Mediterranean soils recolonized by natural vegetation in recent decades. The contribution of several environmental variables (e.g. age and type of vegetation cover, lithology, soil properties and vineyard slope) to the total and extractable concentrations of metals was evaluated by canonical ordination based on redundancy analysis, considering the interaction between both environmental and response variables. The ranges of total metal contents were: 0.01-0.15 (Cd), 2.6-34 (Cu), 6.6-30 (Pb), and 29-92mgkg(-1) (Zn). Cadmium (11-100%) had the highest relative extractability with both extractants, and Zn and Pb the lowest. The total and EDTA-extractable of Cd, Pb and Zn were positively related to the age of abandonment, to the presence of Agrostis castellana and Retama sphaerocarpa, and to the contents of Fe-oxides, clay and organic matter (OM). A different pattern was noted for Cu, positively related to vineyard soils. Soil properties successfully explained HAc-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn but the age and type of vegetation cover lost significance. Clay content was negatively related to HAc-extractable Cu and Pb; and OM was positively related to HAc-Cd and Zn. In conclusion, the time elapsed after vineyard uprooting, and subsequent land abandonment, affects the soil content and availability of metals, and this impact depended on the colonizing plant species and soil properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: anasanti@ucm.es.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Santiago-Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: crvaquer@farm.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaquero-Perea
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: inma.valverde@farm.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valverde-Asenjo
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jrquinta@farm.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quintana Nieto
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: chuecas@farm.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Huecas
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: lopezlafuente@farm.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Antonio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lafuente
authors.affiliation: INIA, Forest Research Centre, Carretera de A Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: vazquez@inia.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vázquez de la Cueva
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D000072480:Farms; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014920:Wine; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D004492:Edetic Acid; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Land use change; Metal concentration patterns; Soil properties; Vegetation cover; Vine uprooting