title: Small-cell lung cancer in never-smokers: A case series.
abstract: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is closely correlated with smoking and only sporadic cases have been reported in non-smoking patients. Environmental tobacco smoke and/or occupational risk factors have been suggested as possible causes of lung cancer in this subset of patients. However, particularly in relation to SCLC there is not enough reliable information. All patients with lung cancer in follow-up for a period of three-months at the Pulmonology Unit of Coimbra University Hospital were retrospectively assessed. From a total of 303 patients, 35 had SCLC, 4 of which were never-smokers and their clinical cases are hereby presented. A detailed questionnaire was given to all patients, which excluded second-hand smoking or occupational hazards. They were all female with a mean age of 63.0 ± 15.7 years. The most frequent complaints were cough, dyspnoea, anorexia and significant weight loss. Diagnosis was obtained by transbronchial biopsies in all cases. Two patients had locally advanced disease and the other two had extensive-disease due to distant metastases. Treatment approaches included first-line chemotherapy with platin and etoposide duplet and partial remission was achieved in half the cases. All patients died; mean survival was 15.8 ± 3.8 months. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the pathogenicity of non-smoking related SCLC and we hope that this case series with its meticulous exclusion of potential risk factors will be a useful contribution.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: anatavaresecastro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavares e Castro
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cemlyn-Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D001706:Biopsy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Never-smoker; Small-cell lung cancer; Women