title: Policy interventions to improve rural retention among neurosurgeons in Iran: A discrete choice experiment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health workforce shortages in rural and remote areas are a global challenge that almost every health system has to deal with. This study aimed to discover neurosurgeons' job preferences and propose policy interventions that could possibly increase their retention in rural, remote, or underserved areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted in November 2014 with a sample of Iranian neurosurgeons selected from five contrary's provinces representing the geographical diversity. Job attributes included income, dual practice opportunities, workload, proximity to family, clinical infrastructure, housing, educational facilities, and work location. Probit regression model was used to estimate the importance of different job attributes and examine the extent to which neurosurgeons were willing to tradeoff between monetary and nonmonetary attributes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that increased salary, permission to undertake dual practice and access to adequate clinical infrastructure were the most important retention policies. Provision of subsidized housing and educational facilities also increased neurosurgeons' attraction and retention in rural areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A range of policy interventions focusing on both monetary and nonmonetary incentives are required to increase neurosurgeons' retention in rural, remote, or underserved areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafiei
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidian
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Vafa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Movaghar
keywords: Discrete Choice Experiment; Health Manpower; Rural Areas; Stated Preference