title: Migration from printing inks in multilayer food packaging materials by GC-MS analysis and pattern recognition with chemometrics.
abstract: Inks and varnishes used in food packaging multilayer materials can contain different substances that are potential migrants when packaging is in contact with food. Although printing inks are applied on the external layer, they can migrate due to set-off phenomena. In order to assess food safety, migration tests were performed from two materials sets: set A based on paper and set B based on PET; both contained inks. Migration was performed to four food simulants (EtOH 50%, isooctane, EtOH 95% and Tenax(®)) and the volatile compounds profile was analysed by GC-MS. The effect of presence/absence of inks and varnishes and also their position in the material was studied. A total of 149 volatile compounds were found in migration from set A and 156 from set B materials, some of them came from inks. Quantitative analysis and a principal component analysis were performed in order to identify patterns among sample groups.
authors.affiliation: a Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), EINA, Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.affiliation: a Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), EINA, Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aznar
authors.affiliation: a Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), EINA, Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nerín
authors.affiliation: b R&D Department, Goglio S.p.A. Packaging Division , Daverio , Italy.
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bosetti
mesh_terms: D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D018857:Food Packaging; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007281:Ink
keywords: Inks; food packaging materials; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; migration; set-off; volatile compounds