title: Naltrexone but Not Ketanserin Antagonizes the Subjective, Cardiovascular, and Neuroendocrine Effects of Salvinorin-A in Humans.
abstract: Salvinorin-A is a terpene found in the leaves of the plant Salvia divinorum. When administered to humans, salvinorin-A induces an intense but short-lasting modified state of awareness, sharing features with those induced by the classical serotonin-2A receptor agonist psychedelics. However, unlike substances such as psilocybin or mescaline, salvinorin-A shows agonist activity at the kappa-opioid receptor rather than at the serotonin-2A receptor. Here, we assessed the involvement of kappa-opioid receptor and serotonin-2A agonism in the subjective, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine effects of salvinorin-A in humans.
  
  
  
  We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study with 2 groups of 12 healthy volunteers with experience with psychedelic drugs. There were 4 experimental sessions. In group 1, participants received the following treatment combinations: placebo+placebo, placebo+salvinorin-A, naltrexone+placebo, and naltrexone+salvinorin-A. Naltrexone, a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist, was administered at a dose of 50mg orally. In group 2, participants received the treatment combinations: placebo+placebo, placebo+salvinorin-A, ketanserin+placebo, and ketanserin+salvinorin-A. Ketanserin, a selective serotonin-2A antagonist, was administered at a dose of 40mg orally.
  
  
  
  Inhalation of 1mg of vaporized salvinorin-A led to maximum plasma concentrations at 1 and 2 minutes after dosing. When administered alone, salvinorin-A severely reduced external sensory perception and induced intense visual and auditory modifications, increased systolic blood pressure, and cortisol and prolactin release. These effects were effectively blocked by naltrexone, but not by ketanserin.
  
  
  
  Results support kappa opioid receptor agonism as the mechanism of action underlying the subjective and physiological effects of salvinorin-A in humans and rule out the involvement of a serotonin-2A-mediated mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Ana Elda
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Maqueda
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Antonijoan
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puntes
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Maria Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Claramunt
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lomnicka
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waguespack
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths).
authors.forename: Roland R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Ms Maqueda and Dr Riba); Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle, Dr Puntes, Dr Coimbra, Ms Ballester, Ms Garrido, Ms González, Ms Claramunt, and Dr Riba); Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain (Drs Valle, Antonijoan, and Riba); Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation, IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni María Claret, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Valle); Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr Addy); Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA (Drs Barker, Lomnicka, and Waguespack); Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Drs Johnson and Griffiths); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (Dr Griffiths). jriba@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007650:Ketanserin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010465:Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane; D006213:Hallucinogens; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D009271:Naltrexone; D011388:Prolactin; D007650:Ketanserin; C090499:salvinorin A; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Salvinorin-A; human pharmacology; kappa opioid receptor antagonism; ketanserin; naltrexone; serotonin-2A antagonism