title: Triple-channel portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with individual background electrolytes for the concurrent separations of anionic and cationic species.
abstract: The portable capillary electrophoresis instrument is automated and features three independent channels with different background electrolytes to allow the concurrent optimized determination of three different categories of charged analytes. The fluidic system is based on a miniature manifold which is based on mechanically milled channels for injection of samples and buffers. The planar manifold pattern was designed to minimize the number of electronic valves required for each channel. The system utilizes pneumatic pressurization to transport solutions at the grounded as well as the high voltage side of the separation capillaries. The instrument has a compact design, with all components arranged in a briefcase with dimensions of 45 (w) × 35 (d) × 15 cm (h) and a weight of about 15 kg. It can operate continuously for 8 h in the battery-powered mode if only one electrophoresis channel is in use, or for about 2.5 h in the case of simultaneous employment of all three channels. The different operations, i.e. capillary flushing, rinsing of the interfaces at both capillary ends, sample injection and electrophoretic separation, are activated automatically with a control program featuring a graphical user interface. For demonstration, the system was employed successfully for the concurrent separation of different inorganic cations and anions, organic preservatives, additives and artificial sweeteners in various beverage and food matrices.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Thanh Duc
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Minh Duc
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sáiz
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Hong Anh
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Israel Joel
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Koenka
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address: phamhungviet@hus.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Hung Viet
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Peter.Hauser@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hauser
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D004573:Electrolytes
keywords: Capacitively coupled conductivity detection; Capillary clectrophoresis; Concurrent separations; Portable instrument