title: Validation of alternative capillary electrophoresis detection of STRs using POP-6 polymer and a 22cm array on a 3130xl genetic analyzer.
abstract: The goal of this project was to reduce capillary electrophoresis detection time on a 3130xl Genetic Analyzer for amplification product obtained from 4-dye and 5-dye STR amplification kits while still generating high quality STR profiles. This was accomplished by utilizing a more viscous polymer (POP-6™) and a shorter array (22 cm) than that which are typically used (POP-4(®) polymer and a 36 cm array) for human identification purposes. Spatial calibration and detection run modules were modified in response to the use of this polymer/array combination and to reduce detection time. Alternative detection resulted in 24-28 min run times, as compared to ∼45 min using traditional POP-4(®)/36 cm detection methods. POP-6™/22 cm detection run modules were validated for use with 4-dye Promega STR kits (e.g., PowerPlex(®) 16 and PowerPlex(®) 16HS) and 5-dye Life Technologies kits (e.g., Identifiler(®) and Identifiler(®) Plus). Three hundred ninety-five samples, controls and allelic ladders were used for the validation studies, which consisted of a comparison of alternative POP-6™/22 cm detection to traditional POP-4(®)/36 cm (including reproducibility/concordance of allele calls, resolution, ILS sizing quality, peak height and pass rates), a sizing study (precision and accuracy) and a sensitivity study to obtain a usable range of injection times. Compared to traditional POP-4(®)/36 cm detection, alternative detection resulted in 100% reproducible and concordant alleles, the ability to achieve one base resolution, slightly reduced ILS sizing quality, slightly reduced peak height and statistically similar pass rates (α=0.05). It should be noted that alternative detection offered improved resolution over that of traditional for amplicons less than ∼200 b, but had reduced resolution for products greater than ∼200 b. Additionally, alternative detection yielded acceptable precision and accuracy of sizing using Life Technologies criteria (<0.15 standard deviation of allele sizing and ±0.5b sizing differences for the same allele) and usable injection parameters of 2 kV 4-15s (compared to 3 kV 10s for traditional). The run modules developed and validated for 4-dye and 5-dye STR kits using POP-6™ polymer on a 22 cm array offer a tremendous reduction in detection time (∼40%) while still generating high quality STR profiles.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Forensic Science, 1015 Floyd Ave Box 843079, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Cellmark Forensics, Inc., 13988 Diplomat Drive, Suite 100, Farmers Branch, TX 75234, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States. Electronic address: cmconnon@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Connon
authors.affiliation: Cellmark Forensics, Inc., 13988 Diplomat Drive, Suite 100, Farmers Branch, TX 75234, United States; Next Health LLC, 5710 Lyndon B Johnson Fwy #300, Dallas, TX 75240, United States.
authors.forename: Aaron K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: LeFebvre
authors.affiliation: University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Benjamin
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: Alternative detection; Capillary electrophoresis; Forensic science; Precision; Resolution