title: Defining an International Standard Set of Outcome Measures for Patients With Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis: Consensus of the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis Working Group.
abstract: To define a minimum Standard Set of outcome measures and case-mix factors for monitoring, comparing, and improving health care for patients with clinically diagnosed hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA), with a focus on defining the outcomes that matter most to patients.
  
  
  
  An international working group of patients, arthroplasty register experts, orthopedic surgeons, primary care physicians, rheumatologists, and physiotherapists representing 10 countries was assembled to review existing literature and practices for assessing outcomes of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic OA therapies, including surgery. A series of 8 teleconferences, incorporating a modified Delphi process, were held to reach consensus.
  
  
  
  The working group reached consensus on a concise set of outcome measures to evaluate patients' joint pain, physical functioning, health-related quality of life, work status, mortality, reoperations, readmissions, and overall satisfaction with treatment result. To support analysis of these outcome measures, pertinent baseline characteristics and risk factor metrics were defined. Annual outcome measurement is recommended for all patients.
  
  
  
  We have defined a Standard Set of outcome measures for monitoring the care of people with clinically diagnosed hip or knee OA that is appropriate for use across all treatment and care settings. We believe this Standard Set provides meaningful, comparable, and easy to interpret measures ready to implement in clinics and/or registries globally. We view this set as an initial step that, when combined with cost data, will facilitate value-based health care improvements in the treatment of hip and knee OA.
authors.affiliation: International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. ola.rolfson@vgregion.se.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rolfson
authors.affiliation: International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wissig
authors.affiliation: International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Maasakkers
authors.affiliation: International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Caleb
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stowell
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: Zerktouni Orthopedic Clinic, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Thami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benzakour
authors.affiliation: Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bozic
authors.affiliation: Nicolaas Institute of Constructive Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplasty and Sports Medicine, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nicolaas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Budhiparama
authors.affiliation: Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Newport Beach, California.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caillouette
authors.affiliation: University of Leeds and National Institute for Health Research Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Conaghan
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
authors.affiliation: University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Joint Replacement Institute, Hartford.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grady-Benson
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Said A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Aneurin Bevan Health Board, Newport, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malchau
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Aramco Health Care Center, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mojieb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manzary
authors.affiliation: North Sydney Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre and University of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint, Royal North Shore Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: March
authors.affiliation: Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Newport Beach, California.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nassif
authors.affiliation: University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelissen
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Victoria, Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester.
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000628:therapy*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome