title: Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Pre-Emptive Caudal Epidural Ropivacaine for Lumbosacral Spine Surgeries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pre-emptive caudal epidural is a proven technique for providing analgesia for spinal surgeries. Prolonged pain relief with no motor blockade is desired for early mobilisation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of addition of Inj dexmedetomidine to caudal ropivacaine on the duration of analgesia, haemodynamic profile and the associated side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective double-blind study a total of 60 patients undergoing lumbosacral spine surgery were randomised to receive 20 cc of pre-emptive caudal epidural injection of either inj ropivacaine 0.2% (Group R, n =30) or a mixture of Inj ropivacaine 0.2% and Inj dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (Group RD, n =30) under general anaesthesia after the patient was positioned prone for surgery. VAS scores, heart rate, blood pressures and time to rescue analgesia were recorded at regular intervals for the first 24 hours. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, V 10.5 package).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean VAS scores were significantly lower in the RD group for up to 12 hours following the caudal block. No clinically significant haemodynamic changes were noted in either of the groups. No other side effects were seen in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that inj dexmedetomidine is an effective additive to inj ropivacaine for pre-emptive caudal epidural analgesia in lumbosacral spine surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalappa
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Raghavendra Biligiri
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sridhara
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Saraswathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumaraswamy
keywords: Caudal analgesia; Post-operative period; Spine surgeries