title: Serum level of LOX-1 ligand containing ApoB is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese community-dwelling men, especially those with hypercholesterolemia LOX-1 ligand and IMT in Japanese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The serum level of LOX-1 ligand containing ApoB (LAB) may reflect atherogenicity better than usual lipid parameters; however, the relationship between LAB and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was not clear even in Asian populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 992 community-dwelling Japanese men, aged 40 to 79 years, were enrolled in the present study. Serum LAB levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with recombinant LOX-1 and monoclonal anti-apolipoprotein B antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum LAB levels (median [interquartile range], μg cs/L) were 5341 μg cs/L (4093-7125). The mean average IMT of the common carotid artery was highest in the fourth LAB quartile (842 μm) compared with the first quartile (797 μm) after adjustment for age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, smoking, and alcohol drinking. However, this statistically significant difference was lost after further adjustment for total cholesterol (TC). After stratification using the combination of median LAB and hypercholesterolemia (serum TC ≥ 6.21 mmol/L and/or lipid-lowering medication), the adjusted mean average IMT (standard error) in the high LAB/hypercholesterolemia group was 886 μm (12.7), 856 μm (16.7) in the low LAB/hypercholesterolemia group, and 833 μm (8.4) in the low LAB/normal cholesterol group (P = .004). After further adjustment for TC, mean average IMT in the high LAB group was significantly higher than that measured in the low LAB group in hypercholesterolemic participants not taking lipid-lowering medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum LAB was associated with an increased carotid IMT in Japanese men, especially those with hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. Electronic address: okamura@z6.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007564:Japan; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008024:Ligands; C495137:OLR1 protein, human; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E
keywords: Carotid intima-media thickness; Hypercholesterolemia; LOX-1 ligand containing ApoB; Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1; Population; Risk factors