title: Visceral leishmaniasis after orthotopic liver transplantation: a rare cause of infection.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was known as an opportunistic infection associated with immunosuppression, particularly related to human immunodeficiency virus infection and rarely to solid organ transplant recipients. We report a case of VL, 6 months after liver transplantation, in a patient who presented with febrile pancytopenia. The diagnosis was made by demonstration of amastigotes in smears from bone marrow. VL is a very rare infection in patients who undergo liver transplantation and, to our knowledge, this is the first case diagnosed in Portugal.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Hepato-pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: H M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3732-4530
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Hepato-pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Hepato-pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gandara
authors.affiliation: Hepato-pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Hepato-pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Hepato-pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: post-transplant infection; solid organ transplantation; splenomegaly; visceral leishmaniasis