title: The effect of rapamycin on biodiesel-producing protist Euglena gracilis.
abstract: Rapamycin induces autophagy with lipid remodeling in yeast and mammalian cells. To investigate the lipid biosynthesis of Euglena gracilis, rapamycin was supplemented in comparison with two model algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Cyanidioschyzon merolae. In Euglena, rapamycin induced the reduction of chlorophylls and the accumulation of neutral lipids without deterring its cell proliferation. Its lipidomic profile revealed that the fatty acid composition did not alter by supplementing rapamycin. In Chlamydomonas, however, rapamycin induced serious growth inhibition as reported elsewhere. With a lower concentration of rapamycin, the alga accumulated neutral lipids without reducing chlorophylls. In Cyanidioschyzon, rapamycin did not increase neutral lipids but reduced its chlorophyll content. We also tested fatty acid elongase inhibitors such as pyroxasulfone or flufenacet in Euglena with no significant change in its neutral lipid contents. In summary, controlled supplementation of rapamycin can increase the yield of neutral lipids while the scheme is not always applicable for other algal species.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics , Mishima , Japan.
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukaida
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: a Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics , Mishima , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.affiliation: a Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics , Mishima , Japan.|c Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanizawa
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Daisaku
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: a Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics , Mishima , Japan.|d RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D056804:Biofuels; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005056:Euglena gracilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000081031:Fatty Acid Elongases; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000819:agonists* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D056804:Biofuels; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007555:Isoxazoles; D013450:Sulfones; D013830:Thiadiazoles; C000592472:pyroxasulfone; D002734:Chlorophyll; C094127:FOE 5043; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D000081031:Fatty Acid Elongases; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: Chlamydomonas; Cyanidioschyzon; Euglena; biofuel; rapamycin