title: Investigation of relative metabolic changes in the organs and plasma of rats exposed to X-ray radiation using HR-MAS (1)H NMR and solution (1)H NMR.
abstract: Excess exposure to ionizing radiation generates reactive oxygen species and increases the cellular inflammatory response by modifying various metabolic pathways. However, an investigation of metabolic perturbations and organ-specific responses based on the amount of radiation during the acute phase has not been conducted. In this study, high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HR-MAS) NMR and solution NMR-based metabolic profiling were used to investigate dose-dependent metabolic changes in multiple organs and tissues--including the jejunum, spleen, liver, and plasma--of rats exposed to X-ray radiation. The organs, tissues, and blood samples were obtained 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure to low-dose (2 Gy) and high-dose (6 Gy) X-ray radiation and subjected to metabolite profiling and multivariate analyses. The results showed the time course of the metabolic responses, and many significant changes were detected in the high-dose compared with the low-dose group. Metabolites with antioxidant properties showed acute responses in the jejunum and spleen after radiation exposure. The levels of metabolites related to lipid and protein metabolism were decreased in the jejunum. In addition, amino acid levels increased consistently at all post-irradiation time points as a consequence of activated protein breakdown. Consistent with these changes, plasma levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolites decreased. The liver did not appear to undergo remarkable metabolic changes after radiation exposure. These results may provide insight into the major metabolic perturbations and mechanisms of the biological systems in response to pathophysiological damage caused by X-ray radiation.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Gyo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jueun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Ra
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Kyeong
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000528:radiation effects; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000528:radiation effects; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009929:Organ Size / Q000528:radiation effects; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000681:Amylases
keywords: NMR spectroscopy; X-ray radiation; metabolic response; metabolomics; organ tissue