title: Recent Advance in Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs)-based Antitumor Vaccines.
abstract: Cancer cells can be distinguished from normal cells by displaying aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate structures on their surfaces. These carbohydrate structures are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). TACAs were considered as promising targets for the design of anticancer vaccines. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone can only evoke poor immunogenicity because they are unable to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses, which is critical for cancer therapy. Moreover, immunotolerance and immunosuppression are easily induced by using natural occurring TACAs as antigens due to their endogenous property. This review summarizes the recent strategies to overcome these obstacles: (1) covalently coupling TACAs to proper carriers to improve immunogenicity, including clustered or multivalent conjugate vaccines, (2) coupling TACAs to T-cell peptide epitopes or the built-in adjuvant to form multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines, and (3) developing vaccines based on chemically modified TACAs, which is combined with metabolic engineering of cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples' Republic of China.|National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University , Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples' Republic of ChinaChina.
authors.forename: Danyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Abdul Sami
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples' Republic of China.|National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University , Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples' Republic of ChinaChina.
authors.forename: Fengshan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D019496:Cancer Vaccines