title: Selenium Deficiency-Induced Inflammation and Increased Expression of Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines in the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract.
abstract: Selenium (Se), a nutritionally essential trace element, plays an important role in various aspects of health for a wide range of species, including birds. Se deficiency inhibits the growth of immune organs and decreases immune function, leading to many inflammatory diseases. The present study determined the effects and mechanism of dietary Se deficiency on gastrointestinal tract tissue inflammation. The histopathological changes showed that Se deficiency induced inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract tissues (glandular stomach, gizzard, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum). The expression levels of PTGE (prostagland E synthase), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), and NF-κB (nuclear transfer factor κB) in the gastrointestinal tract tissues (glandular stomach, gizzard, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum) were determined by qPCR on days 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55, respectively. The results showed that Se deficiency induced high expression levels of PTGE, COX-2, TNF-α, and NF-κB in the gastrointestinal tract tissues. The effects were more obvious in the duodenum and small intestine than those in the glandular stomach, gizzard, and rectum. In addition, the expression levels of these proteins in the gastrointestinal tract tissue increased in a time-dependent manner with Se deficiency feeding time. Furthermore, Se deficiency induced the production of pro-inflammatory factors, thus aggravating inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of Se deficiency on inflammation and other gastrointestinal tract diseases should be further studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuejiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ziwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Houjuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China. zhangns@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Naisheng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China. xushiwen101@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D012643:Selenium / Q000172:deficiency*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012643:Selenium
keywords: Chicken; Gastrointestinal tract; Inflammation; Inflammatory cytokines; Selenium