title: Friend or Foe: Innate Sensing of HIV in the Female Reproductive Tract.
abstract: The female reproductive tract (FRT) is a major site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There currently exists a poor understanding of how the innate immune system is activated upon HIV transmission and how this activation may affect systemic spread of HIV from the FRT. However, multiple mechanisms for how HIV is sensed have been deciphered using model systems with cell lines and peripheral blood-derived cells. The aim of this review is to summarize recent progress in the field of HIV innate immune sensing and place this in the context of the FRT. Because HIV is somewhat unique as an STD that thrives under inflammatory conditions, the response of cells upon sensing HIV gene products can either promote or limit HIV infection depending on the context. Future studies should include investigations into how FRT-derived primary cells sense and respond to HIV to confirm conclusions drawn from non-mucosal cells. Understanding how cells of the FRT participate in and effect innate immune sensing of HIV will provide a clearer picture of what parameters during the early stages of HIV exposure determine transmission success. Such knowledge could pave the way for novel approaches for preventing HIV acquisition in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. roann@urology.ucsf.edu.|The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. roann@urology.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Nadia R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Roan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. mrj@biomed.au.dk.|Aarhus Research Centre of Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. mrj@biomed.au.dk.
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D000099235:Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C119246:PQBP1 protein, human; C076700:IFI16 protein, human; C578390:cGAS protein, human; D000099235:Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase
keywords: FRT; HIV; Inflammation; Innate sensing; Review; Transmission