title: Piloting Virtual Surgical Patient Cases with 3rd-year medical students during the surgery rotation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical education programs are increasingly challenged to make medical students' learning experiences in their surgery rotation meaningful while making the most of limited faculty resources and maximizing patient safety. Simulations and virtual environments are potential resources for providing meaningful clinical learning experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight 3rd-year medical students used the Virtual Surgical Patient Cases software as a part of their surgery clerkship. We used a mixed-methods approach to data collection and analyses to investigate how students and faculty engaged with cases as teaching and learning tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students improved their clinical reasoning skills significantly at each case attempt, but made some errors consistently across attempts. Faculty used the information provided about students' decisions during the cases to guide their teaching during case discussions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Including more cases in the surgical clerkship could allow students additional practice with making diagnoses and facilitate an interactive role in discussing cases with faculty.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Associate in Educational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, CSC H4/785B, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53729, USA. Electronic address: sullivans@surgery.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bingman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.affiliation: Vice Chair of Education and Patient Safety, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; UW Health Clinical Simulation Program, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pugh
mesh_terms: D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D003663:Decision Trees; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014922:Wisconsin
keywords: Clinical reasoning skills; Feedback; Medical students; Situated cognition; Surgical education; Virtual patients