title: The use of intermittent trunk flexion to alleviate low back pain during prolonged standing.
abstract: The current study examined of the effect of intermittent, short-term periods of full trunk flexion on the development of low back pain (LBP) during two hours of standing. Sixteen participants completed two 2-h standing protocols, separated by one week. On one day, participants stood statically for 2h (control day); on the other day participants bent forward to full spine flexion (termed flexion trials) to elicit the flexion relaxation (FR) phenomenon for 5s every 15min (experimental day). The order of the control and experimental day was randomized. During both protocols, participants reported LBP using a 100mm visual analogue scale every 15min. During the flexion trials, lumbar spine posture, erector spinae and gluteus medius muscle activation was monitored. Ultimately, intermittent trunk flexion reduced LBP by 36% (10mm) at the end of a 2-h period of standing. Further, erector spinae and gluteus medius muscle quietening during FR was observed in 91% and 65% of the flexion trials respectively, indicating that periods of rest did occurred possibly contributing to the reduction in LBP observed. Since flexion periods do not require any aids, they can be performed in most workplaces thereby increasing applicability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. Electronic address: stew5940@mylaurier.ca.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. Electronic address: dgregory@wlu.ca.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biomechanics; Flexion–relaxation phenomenon; Gluteus medius; Low back pain; Lumbar spine; Standing