title: Intersubtype Reassortments of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Quail.
abstract: H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are considered a threat to national animal industries, causing production losses and high mortality in domestic poultry. In recent years, quail has become a popular terrestrial poultry species raised for production of meat and eggs in Asia. In this study, to better understand the roles of quail in H5N1 viral evolution, two H5N1-positive samples, designated A/quail/Vietnam/CVVI-49/2010 (CVVI-49/2010) and A/quail/Vietnam/CVVI-50/2014 (CVVI-50/2014), were isolated from quail during H5N1 outbreaks in Vietnam, and their whole genome were analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis reveals new evolutionary variation in the worldwide H5N1 viruses. The quail HA genes were clustered into clades 1.1.1 (CVVI-49/2010) and clade 2.3.2.1c (CVVI-50/2014), which may have evolved from viruses circulating from chickens and/or ducks in Cambodia, mainland of China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and South Korea in recent years. Interestingly, the M2 gene of the CVVI-49/2010 strain contained amino acid substitutions at position 26L-I and 31S-N that are related to amantadine-resistance. In particular, the CVVI-50/2014 strain revealed evidence of multiple intersubtype reassortment events between virus clades 2.3.2.1c, 2.3.2.1b, and 2.3.2.1a. Data from this study supports the possible role of quail as an important intermediate host in avian influenza virus evolution. Therefore, additional surveillance is needed to monitor these HPAI viruses both serologically and virologically in quail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Central Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tinh Huu
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Van Thai
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Than
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Central Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Hien Dang
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Thanh
authors.affiliation: Central Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Vu-Khac
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Central Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Duc Tan
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wonyong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000235:genetics*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D011784:Quail / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus