title: Interocular Difference of Peripheral Refraction in Anisomyopic Eyes of Schoolchildren.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Refraction in the peripheral visual field is believed to play an important role in the development of myopia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in peripheral refraction among anisomyopia, isomyopia, and isoemmetropia for schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight anisomyopic children were recruited and divided into two groups: (1) both eyes were myopic (anisomyopic group, AM group) and (2) one eye was myopic and the contralateral eye was emmetropic (emmetropic anisomyopic group, EAM group). As controls, 45 isomyopic and isoemmetropic children were also recruited with age and central spherical equivalent (SE) matched to those of the AM and EAM groups. The controls were divided into three groups: (1) intermediate myopia group (SE matched to the more myopic eye of AM group), (2) low myopia group (SE matched to the less myopic eye of AM group and the more myopic eye of EAM group), and (3) emmetropia group (SE matched to the less myopic eye of EAM group). Peripheral refraction at 7 points across the central ±30° on the horizontal visual field with a 10° interval was measured with an autorefractor. Axial length (AL), corneal curvature (CC), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were also determined by using the Zeiss IOL-Master.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative peripheral spherical equivalent [RPR(M)] and relative peripheral spherical value [RPR(S)] of the more myopic eye was shifted more hyperopically than the contralateral eye in both the AM and the EAM groups (both p<0.0001). The RPR(M, S) of the less myopic eyes in the AM and EAM groups showed a relatively flat trend across the visual field and were not significantly different from the emmetropia group. The RPR(M, S) of less myopic eyes in the AM group were shifted less hyperopically than in the isomyopic low myopia group and the more myopic eye of the EAM group [RPR(M), p = 0.007; RPR(S), p = 0.001], although the central SEs of the three groups were not significantly different from each other. However, RPR(M, S) of the more myopic eyes were not different from the corresponding isomyopic groups. There was also no significant difference in the relative peripheral astigmatism [RPR(J0, J45)] between the more and the less myopic eyes in either the AM or the EAM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Refraction of anisomyopia differs between the two eyes not only at the central visual field but also at the off-axis periphery. The relative peripheral refraction of the more myopic eye of anisomyopia was shifted hyperopically, as occurs in isomyopia with similar central subjective SE values. Less myopic eyes were much less hyperopically shifted in relative peripheral refraction than the corresponding isomyopic eyes, but are comparable to emmetropic eyes. This emmetropia-like relative peripheral refraction in less myopic eyes might be a factor responsible for slowing down the progression of myopia.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.|New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ji C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Feifu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058452:Axial Length, Eye; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D058453:Emmetropia / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology