title: Predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences in adolescents: A systematic review of the literature and implications for future research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review of the literature examining risk and protective factors of alcohol related negative consequences (ARNCs) among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic search of original empirical articles published between January 1, 1990 and June 1, 2015. The qualitative synthesis was performed using the Theory of Triadic Influence as a framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two studies were reviewed. Intrapersonal (e.g., personality traits, drinking motives and expectancies, depression), interpersonal (e.g., parental and peer alcohol use, violence exposure) and attitudinal factors (e.g., media exposure to alcohol, religiosity) influence ARNCs. Emerging evidence of new trends contributing to ARNCs include ready mixed alcohol drinks and childhood trauma and abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors from all domains of influence were observed. More research is needed on protective factors and how alcohol use interacts with preventive factors in predicting ARNCs. The conceptualization of negative consequences varies significantly between studies and may impact the external validity of previous research.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St. 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA. Electronic address: tjgrigsb@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Grigsby
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research and Training in Child and Adolescent Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St. 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St. 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sussman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D003625:Data Collection; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Adolescent; Alcohol; Consequence; Problem; Review