title: Liver Resection for Non-Colorectal Liver Metastases - Standards and Extended Indications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the uncertain benefit of liver resection for non-colorectal liver metastases (NCLM), patient selection for surgery is generally difficult. Therefore, the aim of this article was to propose standard and extended indications for liver resection in this heterogeneous disease collective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The myriad of biologically different primary tumor entities as well as the mostly small and retrospective studies investigating the benefit of surgery for NCLM limits the proposal of general recommendations. Only resection of neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) appears to offer a clear benefit with a 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) of 74 and 51%, respectively, in the largest series. Resection of liver metastases from genitourinary primaries might offer reasonable benefit in selected cases - with a 5-year OS of up to 61% for breast cancer and of 38% for renal cell cancer. The long-term outcome following surgery for other entities was remarkably poorer, e.g., gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma reached a 5-year OS of 20-42, 17-25, and about 20%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver resection for NELM can be defined as a standard indication for the resection of NCLM while lesions of genitourinary origin might be defined as an extended indication.
authors.affiliation: General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.affiliation: General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.affiliation: General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bektas
authors.affiliation: General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klempnauer
keywords: Liver resection; Non-colorectal liver metastases; Survival