title: Nerol alleviates pathologic markers in the oxazolone-induced colitis model.
abstract: Nerol is a natural monoterpene with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Its possible beneficial effects in ulcerative colitis and its corresponding mechanism of action have not been determined to date. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nerol prevents the appearance of pathological markers and hyperalgesia in oxazolone-induced colitis, and protects against gastric damage produced by ethanol. The experimental design included groups of oxazolone-treated mice receiving nerol at 10-300 mg/kg, p.o., or a reference drug (sulfasalazine, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) compared to sham and untreated groups. Gastric damage was evaluated in the absolute ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. Variables measured in animals with oxazolone-induced colitis included weight loss, stool consistency and macroscopic colon damage; mechanical nociception was determined by the use of von Frey filaments, whereas levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nerol (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented or significantly decreased the pathological alterations observed in the oxazolone- induced colitis model. It also showed antinociceptive effects and reduced the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-13 and TNF-α). Gastric damage was also prevented starting at 10 mg/kg, p.o. In conclusion, our results provide evidence for a beneficial effect of nerol after colitis induction involving tissue protection, antinociception and modulation of the immunological system, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this monoterpene as a novel alternative in controlling ulcerative colitis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, C.P. 14330 México, D.F., Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales de la Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, C.P. 14370 México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Adriana Estrella
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: González-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales de la Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, C.P. 14370 México, D.F., México. Electronic address: evag@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: María Eva
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González-Trujano
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS., Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, C.P. 06720 México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Orozco-Suárez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, C.P. 14080 México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Noé
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Vásquez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, C.P. 14330 México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: López-Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010081:Oxazolone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D010081:Oxazolone
keywords: Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Gastroprotection; Inflammatory cytokines; Nerol; Nerol (PubChem CID: 643820); Oxazolone; Oxazolone (4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one) (PubChem CID: 27435); Sulfasalazine (PubChem CID: 5359476).; Ulcerative colitis