title: The characteristics and occurrence of the talon cusps in Turkish population: a retrospective sample study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to figure out the characteristics and occurrence of talon cusps in a sample of Turkish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, talon cusps in permanent dentition were evaluated on radiographs and intraoral photographs which were obtained from patients who were referred to Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey between January 2013 and January 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Talon cusps were observed in 365 of 4116 patients, with a frequency of 8.86 %. There were 208 (57 %) females and 157 (43 %) males with this variation. Maxillary canines were the most affected anterior teeth (40.83 %), followed by lateral incisors (39.60 %) and central incisors (19.55 %). Of the patients, 81 (22.19 %) had type I talon cusp with two periapical pathologies, 114 (31.23 %) had type II talon cusp with four periapical pathologies and 226 (61.91 %) had type III talon cusp with also four periapical pathologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of talon cusps was higher than other studies reported in the literature, with an exception of the study in Alaskan Eskimos. The most commonly detected type of talon cusp was type III (61.91 %), and dens invaginatus was the most frequent variation observed with talon cusps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey. asgokhanozkanus@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Özkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toptaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Güneri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dental variation; Frequency; Talon cusps; Turkish population