title: Template-Mediated Biomineralization for Bone Tissue Engineering.
abstract: Template-mediated mineralization describes a research field of materials chemistry that deals with templates influencing product formation of foremost inorganic functional materials and composites. These templates are usually organic compounds - as far as molecules with natural origin are involved, the terminology "biomineralization" or "biomimetic mineralization: is used. The present review gives insight into recent developments in the research area of bone-tissue engineering with focus on chemical templates and cell-based approaches. The review is structured as follows: (1) a brief general overview about the principle of templating and recently used template materials, (2) important analytical methods, (3) examples of template-guided mineralization of various bone-related materials, (4) natural bone mineralization, (5) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration and (6) cell-based therapeutic approaches. For this purpose, a literature screening with emphasis on promising potential practical applications was performed. In particular, macromolecular structures and polymer composites with relation to naturally occurring compounds were favored. Priority was given to publications of the last five years. Although the present review does not cover the whole topic to full extent, it should provide information about current trends and the most promising approaches in the research area of bone-tissue engineering based on applications of organic templates/scaffolds as well as cell-based strategies.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leiendecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, D-53559 Rheinbach, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Witzleben
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Edda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tobiasch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Biomineralization; bone; scaffold; stem cells; templates.