title: Type D Personality Predicts Poor Medication Adherence in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Six-Month Follow-Up Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type D personality and medication nonadherence have been shown to be associated with poor health outcomes. Type D personality is associated with poor medication adherence in patients with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, the relationship between type D personality and medication adherence in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown. This study aims to examine whether type D personality was associated with medication adherence in patients with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A follow-up study was conducted in general hospital of the People's Liberation Army in Beijing.
  
  
  METHODS
  412 T2DM patients (205 females), who were recruited by circular systematic random sampling, provided demographic and baseline data about medical information and completed measures of Type D personality. Then, 330 patients went on to complete a self-report measure of medication adherence at the sixth month after baseline data collection. Chi-square test, t tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, as needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with type D personality were significantly more likely to have poor medication adherence (p<0.001). Type D personality predicts poor medication adherence before and after controlling for covariates when it was analyzed as a categorical variable. However, the dimensional construct of type D personality was not associated with medication adherence when analyzed as a continuous variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although, as a dimensional construct, type D personality may not reflect the components of the personality associated with poor medication adherence in patients with T2DM, screening for type D personality may help to identify those who are at higher risk of poor medication adherence. Interventions, aiming to improve medication adherence, should be launched for these high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinics of Cadre, Department of Outpatient, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shengfa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Huiwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huixuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fugang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D064415:Type D Personality