title: Phlorizin Supplementation Attenuates Obesity, Inflammation, and Hyperglycemia in Diet-Induced Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.
abstract: Obesity, along with its related complications, is a serious health problem worldwide. Many studies reported the anti-diabetic effect of phlorizin, while little is known about its anti-obesity effect. We investigated the beneficial effects of phlorizin on obesity and its complications, including diabetes and inflammation in obese animal. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and fed their respective experimental diets for 16 weeks: a normal diet (ND, 5% fat, w/w), high-fat diet (HFD, 20% fat, w/w), or HFD supplemented with phlorizin (PH, 0.02%, w/w). The findings revealed that the PH group had significantly decreased visceral and total white adipose tissue (WAT) weights, and adipocyte size compared to the HFD. Plasma and hepatic lipids profiles also improved in the PH group. The decreased levels of hepatic lipids in PH were associated with decreased activities of enzymes involved in hepatic lipogenesis, cholesterol synthesis and esterification. The PH also suppressed plasma pro-inflammatory adipokines levels such as leptin, adipsin, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6, and prevented HFD-induced collagen accumulation in the liver and WAT. Furthermore, the PH supplementation also decreased plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels. In conclusion, phlorizin is beneficial for preventing diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology &amp; Obesity-related Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 702-701, Korea. ssk1210@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Su-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. chosj1181@naver.com.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. chosj1181@naver.com.
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea. jungunju@naver.com.
authors.forename: Un Ju
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. sangsang0119@gmail.com.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. sangsang0119@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. mschoi@knu.ac.kr.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. mschoi@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010695:Phlorhizin
keywords: high-fat diet; inflammation; insulin resistance; obesity; phlorizin