title: MRI postprocessing in presurgical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advanced MRI postprocessing techniques are increasingly used to complement visual analysis and elucidate structural epileptogenic lesions. This review summarizes recent developments in MRI postprocessing in the context of epilepsy presurgical evaluation, with the focus on patients with unremarkable MRI by visual analysis (i.e. 'nonlesional' MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various methods of MRI postprocessing have been reported to show additional clinical values in the following areas: lesion detection on an individual level; lesion confirmation for reducing the risk of over reading the MRI; detection of sulcal/gyral morphologic changes that are particularly difficult for visual analysis; and delineation of cortical abnormalities extending beyond the visible lesion. Future directions to improve the performance of MRI postprocessing include using higher magnetic field strength for better signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio adopting a multicontrast frame work and integration with other noninvasive modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI postprocessing can provide essential value to increase the yield of structural MRI and should be included as part of the presurgical evaluation of nonlesional epilepsies. MRI postprocessing allows for more accurate identification/delineation of cortical abnormalities, which should then be more confidently targeted and mapped.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome