title: Non-Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes in the Essential Oil of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Increase during the Day in the Dry Season.
abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of seasonal and diurnal events on the chemical profile of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. This study was performed in a Brazilian savanna named Cerrado. We identified the best harvesting period for obtaining the highest amount of compounds used for commercial and industrial purposes. The chemical profile of the essential oils was evaluated by GC-FID and GC-MS, and the results were assessed through multivariate analyses. The data showed that the time of day and seasonal variations affect the quality of the essential oil obtained. Leaves harvested at the end of the day (5:00 pm) in the dry season resulted in richer essential oils with higher amounts of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes. To the best of our knowledge, environmental conditions induce metabolic responses in the leaves of C. langsdorffii, which changes the patterns of sesquiterpene production. Therefore, these factors need to be considered to obtain better concentrations of bioactive compounds for pharmacological studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista, (UNESP), 18618-970, P.O. Box: 510, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Rolim
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista, (UNESP), 18618-970, P.O. Box: 510, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto de Oliveira
authors.initials: Rde O
authors.lastname: Portella
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista, (UNESP), 18618-970, P.O. Box: 510, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bufalo
authors.affiliation: Agronomic Institute, IAC, 13001-970, P.O. Box: 28, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Ortiz Mayo
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Agronomic Institute, IAC, 13001-970, P.O. Box: 28, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roselaine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Facanali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 19800-000, Assis, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frei
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D010100:Oxygen