title: Association between impaired brain activity and volume at the sub-region of Broca's area in ultra-high risk and first-episode schizophrenia: A multi-modal neuroimaging study.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested that functional abnormalities in Broca's area, which is important in language production (speech and thoughts before speech), play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. While multi-modal approaches have proved useful in revealing the specific pathophysiology of psychosis, the association of functional abnormalities with gray matter volume (GMV) here in subjects with an ultra-high risk (UHR) of schizophrenia, those with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and healthy controls has yet to be clarified. Therefore, the relationship between cortical activity measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a verbal fluency task, and GMV in the Broca's area assessed using a manual tracing in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which considers individual structural variation, was examined for 57 subjects (23 UHR/18 FES/16 controls). The UHR and FES group showed significantly reduced brain activity compared to control group in the left pars triangularis (PT) (P=.036, .003, respectively). Furthermore in the FES group, the reduced brain activity significantly positively correlated with the volume in the left PT (B=0.29, P=.027), while significant negative association was evident for all subjects (B=-0.18, P=.010). This correlation remained significant after adjusting for antipsychotics dosage, and voxel-wise analysis could not detect any significant correlation between impaired cortical activity and volume. The significant relationship between neural activity and GMV in the left PT may reflect a specific pathophysiology related to the onset of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Electronic address: iwashiro-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Norichika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Motomu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsunobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Natsubori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gonoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunimatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasue
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; JST, National Bioscience Database Center (NBDC), 5-3, Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0081, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001931:Brain Mapping; D065711:Broca Area / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012306:Risk; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS); Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG); Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Ultra-high risk state for psychosis (UHR); Verbal fluency test