title: In vitro antibacterial and remineralizing effect of adhesive containing triazine and niobium pentoxide phosphate inverted glass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  White spot lesions are still a concern for orthodontic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the remineralizing and antibacterial effect of a newly developed orthodontic adhesive.
  
  
  METHODS
  The compounds 1,3,5-tryacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT) and phosphate invert glass containing 10 mol% of niobium pentoxide (PIG-Nb) were added at 20 and 5 wt%, respectively, to an experimental adhesive (75 wt% BisGMA, 25 wt% TEGDMA, 5 wt% fummed silica, and photo-initiator system), called TPN. A group without the addition of these compounds was used as Control and the orthodontic adhesive Transbond XT (TXT) was used for comparison. Antibacterial activity was evaluated through surface biofilm formation, mineral deposition, and degree of conversion (DC) through Raman microscopy, Knoop hardness after softening in solvent, and bracket dislodgement (BD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TPN group presented a reduction in bacterial growth when compared to Control and TXT. Mineral deposits were observed on the surface of TPN adhesive after 14 and 28 days of immersion in artificial saliva. There was an increase in DC after 28 days, whereas TPN group presented the highest DC. All groups underwent some degree of softening. No significant changes were observed in BD after 28 days of immersion in artificial saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed orthodontic adhesive, with addition of 20 wt% TAT and 5w% PIG-Nb, exhibited antibacterial activity and was capable to induce mineral deposition on its surface in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The orthodontic adhesive developed in this study with antibacterial activity and mineral deposition could be a reliable choice for brackets adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Segatto Pires
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Altmann
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. fabricio.collares@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Fabrício Mezzomo
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Collares
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vicente Castelo Branco
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Leitune
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Alex
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Ceramic Materials, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Shigueaki
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Takimi
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Susana Maria Werner
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Samuel
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D018441:Biofilms; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009556:Niobium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073758:Nonlinear Optical Microscopy; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003738:Dental Cements; D010087:Oxides; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; D014227:Triazines; D009556:Niobium; C073337:niobium pentoxide
keywords: Adhesive; Antibacterial; Mineral deposition; Orthodontic; WSL