title: A fundamental study on the dynamics of multiple biomarkers in mouse excisional wounds for wound age estimation.
abstract: Wound age estimation is a classic but still modern theme in forensic practice. More experiments on different types of wound are needed to further improve its accuracy. In this study, mouse skin excisional wounds were created to simulate dermal defective injury. The neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, fibroblast and fibrocyte accumulation as well as their myofibroblastic transformation were examined. In addition, some wound healing-related molecules, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, CXCL12, VEGF-A, EGF, KGF, pro-col Iα2 and pro-col IIIα1, were quantified by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR. Neutrophils and macrophages profoundly infiltrated in the wound at 12 h-1 d and 3 d-10 d respectively. Fibroblasts and fibrocytes accumulated in the wound from 3 d, and transformed into contractile myofibroblasts from 5 d post injury. The transformation ratios of fibroblasts and fibrocytes were highest at 7 d-10 d and 10 d respectively (over 50%). MCP-1 and CXCL12 increased from 12 h to 5 d, and IL-1β, TNF-α and pro-col IIIα1 up to 7 d. IL-6 and VEGF-A increased from 12 h to 1 d-10 d. Pro-col Iα2 increased from 7 d to 21 d. IFN-γ decreased from 12 h to 10 d. By comprehensive analysis of these factors from the perspective of morphometrics, protein and gene expressions, this study provided us with fundamental information for wound age estimation, especially in the wounds with full-thickness defection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Science, Anshan Municipal People's Procuratorate, PR China.
authors.forename: Chang-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Shu-Kun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ling
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
authors.forename: Meng-Zhou
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, PR China. Electronic address: dwguan@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Excisional wound; Skin; Wound age estimation; Wound healing