title: Depth of cure of bulk fill composites with monowave and polywave curing lights.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare the depth of cure (DOC) of two bulk fill resin composites using a monowave and polywave light curing unit (LCU) according to ISO 4049 and using custom tooth molds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DOC of Tetric Evoceram Bulk Fill and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior were measured using a monowave LED LCU (Elipar S10) and a polywave LED LCU (Bluephase G2). Metal molds were used to fabricate 10 mm long DOC specimens (n = 10) according to ISO 4049. Uncured composite material was scraped away with a plastic instrument and half the length of remaining composite was measured as the DOC. Custom tooth molds were fabricated by preparing > 10 mm long square- shaped (4 x 4 mm) holes into the mesial/distal surfaces of extracted human molars. Resin composite was placed into one end of the prepared tooth and light polymerized. Uncured resin composite was removed from the opposite side from which the tooth was irradiated and the tooth was sectioned mesio-distally. Half the length of remaining cured composite was measured as the DOC. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) for factors material, LCU, and mold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main effect LCU was not significant (P = 0.58). The interaction effect between material x mold was significant (P = 0.0001). The DOC of the composites differed significantly only with the stainless steel mold in which Tetric Evoceram Bulk Fill showed a deeper DOC than Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (4.03 ± 0.14 vs 3.56 ± 0.38 mm, P < 0.0001).
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Menees
authors.forename: Chee Paul
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dave D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kojic
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Nathaniel C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental / Q000145:classification*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000295:instrumentation; D008422:Materials Testing; D058105:Polymerization; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; D013193:Stainless Steel