title: The Genetic Structure, Virulence, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium fujikuroi in Taiwan.
abstract: The rice disease bakanae, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg, has been present in Taiwan for over a century. To better understand the genetic diversity and structure of F. fujikuroi, a set of 16 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were newly developed and used to analyze 637 F. fujikuroi isolates collected in 14 cities or counties around Taiwan from 1996 to 2013. On the basis of Bayesian clustering, the isolates were classified into four highly differentiated clusters: cluster B likely derived from the more widespread and genetically diversified clusters A or C, and cluster D was restricted to four cities or counties and may have been introduced from unknown sources genetically distinct from clusters A, B, and C. The coexistence of both mating types (MAT1-1:MAT1-2 = 1:1.88) and the highly diversified vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) (16 VCG among the 21 assessed isolates) suggest the likelihood of sexual reproduction in the field. However, the biased mating type ratios and linkage disequilibrium in the population suggest nonrandom mating between individuals. A significant pattern of isolation by distance was also detected, which implies a geographical restricted gene flow and low dissemination ability of F. fujikuroi. Evaluation of 24 representative isolates on eight rice varieties revealed differential levels of virulence, however no clear pattern of specific variety x isolate interaction was observed. Investigations of the differences in virulence and fungicide sensitivity between 8 early isolates (1998 and 2002) and 52 recent isolates (2012) indicate the evolution of increased resistance to the fungicide prochloraz in F. fujikuroi in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chia
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsin
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: An-Hsiu
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yuh
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yea-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Guo-Cih
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Nan
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jenn-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Heng-An
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: First, sixth, and eighteenth authors: Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; second author: Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No. 189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan; third, seventeenth, and eighteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City; fourth author: Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City; fifth, tenth, and eleventh authors: Crop Environment Section, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang, Hsinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan; seventh author: Crop Environment Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 139, Sec. 2, Dongfu Rd., Xinwu District, Taoyuan City 32745, Taiwan; eighth author: Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 261, Guannan Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County 36346, Taiwan; ninth author: Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 370, Songhuai Rd., Tatsuen Township, Changhua County 51544, Taiwan; twelfth author: Crop Environment Section, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, 2-6 Dehe Rd., Dehe Village, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan; thirteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 150, Sec. 2, Ji'an Rd., Ji'an Township, Hualien County 97365, Taiwan; fourteenth author: Crop Environment Section, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 675, Sec. 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung City 95055, Taiwan; and fifteenth and sixteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuokuang Rd., South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D013624:Taiwan; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D005819:Genetic Markers