title: Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Collegiate Athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been developed and validated for various populations. To our knowledge, however, no FFQ has been validated for young athletes. Here, we investigated whether an FFQ that was developed and validated to estimate dietary intake in middle-aged persons was also valid for estimating that in young athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied an FFQ that had been developed for the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study with modification to the duration of recollection. A total of 156 participants (92 males) completed the FFQ and a 3-day non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recall (24hDR). Validity of the mean estimates was evaluated by calculating the percentage differences between the 24hDR and FFQ. Ranking estimation was validated using Spearman's correlation coefficient (CC), and the degree of miscategorization was determined by joint classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FFQ underestimated energy intake by approximately 10% for both males and females. For 35 nutrients, the median (range) deattenuated CC was 0.30 (0.10 to 0.57) for males and 0.32 (-0.08 to 0.62) for females. For 19 food groups, the median (range) deattenuated CC was 0.32 (0.17 to 0.72) for males and 0.34 (-0.11 to 0.58) for females. For both nutrient and food group intakes, cross-classification analysis indicated extreme miscategorization rates of 3% to 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An FFQ developed and validated for middle-aged persons had comparable validity among young athletes. This FFQ might be useful for assessing habitual dietary intake in collegiate athletes, especially for calcium, vitamin C, vegetables, fruits, and milk and dairy products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agriculture.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-8615
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sunami
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Nobuhide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Azumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult