title: The study of acoustic startle reflex in male patients with chronic schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the deficits of acoustic startle reflex (ASR) that might exist in Chinese patients with schizophrenia and the effects of antipsychotics on ASR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 25 male patients with chronic schizophrenia treated with typical antipsychotics (typical group), 25 who were treated with atypical antipsychotic clozapine (clozapine group) and 25 healthy male subjects (control group) matched for age and years of education. Startle reflex to acoustic stimuli were examined in all subjects from the three groups. At the same day of startle testing, psychopathological symptoms of the patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Startle response (SR) was significantly reduced in typical group as compared to control group [(553.6±516.9)mV vs. (942.0±447.3)mV, P=0.009]. SR of clozapine group [(755.9±439.4)mV] was greater than that of typical group and less than that of control group, but there was no significant difference between the clozapine group and the other two. (2) Habituation (HAB) of startle reflex in typical group was significantly lower than in control group [(17.8±35.8)% vs. (44.9±28.9)%, P=0.027]. HAB of clozapine group [(22.9±34.1)%] was higher than that of typical group and less than that of control group, but there was no significant difference between clozapine group and the other groups. (3) Compared with healthy controls, patients of typical group exhibited the significant reduction in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle reflex (P=0.024) when prepulse interval (LI) was 120ms. PPI of clozapine group was higher than typical group and less than control group, but no significant differences in PPI were found between clozapine group and the other groups. While LI was 30- or 120-ms, PPI among the three groups showed not significantly different (P>0.05). (4) No significant relationship was found between PPI of different LIs and symptom scores assessed with PANSS in patients with schizophrenia (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest impaired PPI in Chinese patients with schizophrenia; Atypical antipsychotic clozapine might partly improve disinhibition of startle reflex in schizophrenic patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhiren
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China.
authors.forename: Fude
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Wufang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China.
authors.forename: Yizhuang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China.
authors.forename: Chongsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing 100096, PR China; Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents