title: A new evaluation of heat distribution on facial skin surface by infrared thermography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify the facial areas defined by thermal gradient, in individuals compatible with the pattern of normality, and to quantify and describe them anatomically.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 161 volunteers, of both genders, aged between 26 and 84 years (63 ± 15 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that the thermal gradient areas suggested for the study were present in at least 95% of the thermograms evaluated and that there is significant difference in temperature between the genders, racial group and variables "odontalgia", "dental prothesis" and "history of migraine" (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the absolute temperatures between ages, and right and left sides of the face, in individuals compatible with the pattern of normality (ΔT = 0.11°C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors concluded that according to the suggested areas of thermal gradients, these were present in at least 95% of all the thermograms evaluated, and the areas of high intensity found in the face were medial palpebral commissure, labial commissure, temporal, supratrochlear and external acoustic meatus, whereas the points of low intensity were inferior labial, lateral palpebral commissure and nasolabial.
authors.affiliation: 1 Oral Radiology Division, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: 2 Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Pain Center, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brioschi
authors.affiliation: 1 Oral Radiology Division, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Baladi
authors.affiliation: 1 Oral Radiology Division, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emiko S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Arita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D005143:Eyelids / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008046:Lip / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D009666:Nose / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D012737:Sex Factors; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*; D014098:Toothache / Q000503:physiopathology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: anatomy; dentistry; face; thermography