title: Allium hookeri root protects oxidative stress-induced inflammatory responses and β-cell damage in pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Water extract from the root of Allium hookeri (AH) shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging effects. In this study, the ameliorating effects of AH on oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response and β-cell damage in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  AH (100 mg/kg body weight/day) was orally administered every day for 2 weeks to STZ-induced diabetic rats. After the final administration of AH, biochemical parameters including glucose, insulin, reactive oxygen species levels, and protein expressions related to antioxidant defense system in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diabetic rats showed loss of body weight and increased pancreatic weight, while the oral administration of AH attenuated body and pancreatic weight changes. Moreover, the administration of AH caused a slightly decrease in the serum glucose level and a significant increase in the serum and pancreatic insulin levels in the diabetic rats. AH also significantly reduced the enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress biomarker, in the serum and pancreas. The diabetic rats exhibited a down-regulation of the protein expression related to antioxidant defense system in the pancreas, but AH administration significantly up-regulated the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, AH treatment was reduced the overexpression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB)p65 and NF-кBp65-induced inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. In addition, AH treatment was less pancreatic β-cell damaged compared with those of the diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide important evidence that AH has a HO-1 activity on the oxidative stress conditions showing pancreato-protective effects against the development of inflammation in the diabetic rats. This study provides scientific evidence that AH protects the inflammatory responses by modulated NF-кBp65 signaling pathway through activation of HO-1 in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 706-060, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Gyeongbuk Regional industry Evalution, Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evalution, Gyeongsan-si, 712-210, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: O Jun
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthcare Technology Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 595-831, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Sunchang County Agricultural Research Center, Sunchang-gun, 595-831, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: You Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-food Resource, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, 565-851, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, 570-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, 570-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Deok
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea. hjkim@wikim.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000490:Allium / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004435:Eating; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species