title: Functional ionotropic glutamate receptors on peripheral axons and myelin.
abstract: Neurotransmitter-dependent signaling is traditionally restricted to axon terminals. However, receptors are present on myelinating glia, suggesting that chemical transmission may also occur along axons.
  
  
  
  Confocal microscopy and Ca(2+) -imaging using an axonally expressed FRET-based reporter was used to measure Ca(2+) changes and morphological alterations in myelin in response to stimulation of glutamate receptors.
  
  
  
  Activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors induced a Ca(2+) increase in axon cylinders. However, only the latter caused structural alterations in axons, despite similar Ca(2+) increases. Myelin morphology was significantly altered by NMDA receptor activation, but not by AMPA receptors. Cu(2+) ions influenced the NMDA receptor-dependent response, suggesting that this metal modulates axonal receptors. Glutamate increased ribosomal signal in Schwann cell cytoplasm.
  
  
  
  Axon cylinders and myelin of peripheral nervous system axons respond to glutamate, with a consequence being an increase in Schwann cell ribosomes. This may have implications for nerve pathology and regeneration. Muscle Nerve 54: 451-459, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Pia Crone
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Nicole Cheryl
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brideau
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Stys
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D058468:Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D058468:Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D003300:Copper; D002118:Calcium
keywords: AMPA; Ca2+ imaging; axon; confocal microscopy; copper NMDA; myelin