title: Inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour as relevant concepts in referred home reared children.
abstract: Disorders of attachment and social engagement have mainly been studied in children, reared in institutions and foster care. There are few studies amongst home reared children living with biological parents. The aim of this study was to test the clinical significance of inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour in young home reared children, referred for treatment of emotional and behavioural problems, compared with young children in treatment foster care.
  
  
  
  The Disturbances of Attachment Interview, Maltreatment Classification System, the Child Behaviour Checklist and Parenting Stress Index were used in 141 referred home reared children and 59 referred foster children, aged 2.0-7.9 years (M = 4.7, SE = 1.3), 71% boys.
  
  
  
  Inhibited attachment behaviour was less prevalent in the referred home reared group (9%) than in the foster care group (27%). Disinhibited social engagement behaviour was found in 42% of the home reared group, similar to the foster care group. Inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour were not associated with child maltreatment. More inhibited attachment behaviour was associated with clinical levels of child internalizing and externalizing behaviour in the home reared group, not in the foster care group. In both groups, more disinhibited social engagement behaviour was associated with clinical levels of externalizing behaviour and with more parenting stress.
  
  
  
  Even without evident links to maltreatment, results of this study suggest clinical significance of inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour in young home reared children referred for treatment of emotional and behavioural problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Scheper
authors.affiliation: De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Abrahamse
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jonkman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuengel
authors.affiliation: De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J L
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lindauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A L C
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T A H
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Doreleijers
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L M C
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D019962:Reactive Attachment Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D012951:Socialization
keywords: attachment; maltreatment; parenting stress; preschool children; psychiatric problems in children