title: Novel Carbon-Encapsulated Porous SnO2 Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Much Improved Cyclic Stability.
abstract: Porous SnO2 submicrocubes (SMCs) are synthesized by annealing and HNO3 etching of CoSn(OH)6 SMCs. Bare SnO2 SMCs, as well as bare commercial SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs), show very high initial discharge capacity when used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, during the following cycles most of the Li ions previously inserted cannot be extracted, resulting in considerable irreversibility. Porous SnO2 cubes have been proven to possess better electrochemical performance than the dense nanoparticles. After being encapsulated by carbon shell, the obtained yolk-shell SnO2 SMCs@C exhibits significantly enhanced reversibility for lithium-ions storage. The reversibility of the conversion between SnO2 and Sn, which is largely responsible for the enhanced capacity, has been discussed. The porous SnO2 SMCs@C shows much increased capacity and cycling stability, demonstrating that the porous SnO2 core is essential for better lithium-ion storage performance. The strategy introduced in this paper can be used as a versatile way to fabrication of various metal-oxide-based composites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.|School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
authors.forename: Xinhai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Massé
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Guozhong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
keywords: carbon encapsulated; lithium-ion batteries; porous materials; tin oxide, anode materials