title: Outdoor Temperature, Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Chinese Adults: Effect Modification by Individual Characteristics.
abstract: We collected data from Kailuan cohort study from 2006 to 2011 to examine whether short-term effects of ambient temperature on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) are non-linear or linear, and their potential modifying factors. The HR, BP and individual information, including basic characteristics, life style, socio-economic characteristics and other characteristics, were collected for each participant. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were collected. A regression model was used to evaluate associations of temperature with HR and BP, with a non-linear function for temperature. We also stratified the analyses in different groups divided by individual characteristics. 47,591 residents were recruited. The relationships of temperature with HR and BP were "V" shaped with thresholds ranging from 22 °C to 28 °C. Both cold and hot effects were observed on HR and BP. The differences of effect estimates were observed among the strata of individual characteristics. The effect estimate of temperature was higher among older people. The cold effect estimate was higher among people with lower Body Mass Index. However, the differences of effect estimates among other groups were inconsistent. These findings suggest both cold and hot temperatures may have short-term impacts on HR and BP. The individual characteristics could modify these relationships.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madaniyazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jouni J K
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
authors.affiliation: Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013696:Temperature