title: Niclosamide inhibits leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae in rice.
abstract: Rice leaf blight, which is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), results in huge losses in grain yield. Here, we show that Xoo-induced rice leaf blight is effectively controlled by niclosamide, an oral antihelminthic drug and molluscicide, which also functions as an anti-tumor agent. Niclosamide directly inhibited the growth of the three Xoo strains PXO99, 10208 and K3a. Niclosamide moved long distances from the site of local application to distant rice tissues. Niclosamide also increased the levels of salicylate and induced the expression of defense-related genes such as OsPR1 and OsWRKY45, which suppressed Xoo-induced leaf wilting. Niclosamide had no detrimental effects on vegetative/reproductive growth and yield. These combined results indicate that niclosamide can be used to block bacterial leaf blight in rice with no negative side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.|Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.|Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-818, Korea.
authors.forename: Hak Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009534:Niclosamide