title: Cell resistant zwitterionic polyelectrolyte coating promotes bacterial attachment: an adhesion contradiction.
abstract: Polymers of various architectures with zwitterionic functionality have recently been shown to effectively suppress nonspecific fouling of surfaces by proteins and prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic (mammalian) cells as well as other microorganisms and environmental contaminants. In this work, zwitterionic copolymers were used to make thin coatings on substrates with the layer-by-layer method. Polyelectrolyte multilayers, PEMUs, were built with [poly(allylamine hydrochloride)], PAH, and copolymers of acrylic acid and either the AEDAPS zwitterionic group 3-[2-(acrylamido)-ethyldimethyl ammonio] propane sulfonate (PAA-co-AEDAPS), or benzophenone (PAABp). Benzophenone allowed the PEMU to be toughened by photocrosslinking post-deposition. The attachment of two mammalian cell lines, rat aortic smooth muscle (A7r5) and mouse fibroblasts (3T3), and the biofilm-forming Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli was studied on PEMUs terminated with PAA-co-AEDAPS. Consistent with earlier studies, it is shown that PAH/PAA-co-AEDAPS PEMUs resist the adhesion of mammalian cells, but, contrary to our initial hypothesis, are bacterial adhesive and significantly so after maximizing the surface presentation of PAA-co-AEDAPS. This unexpected contrast in the adhesive behavior of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is explained by differences in adhesion mechanisms as well as different responses to the topology and morphology of the multilayer surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. schlen@chem.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Jessica S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Kristopher D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Yara E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Ghoussoub
authors.forename: Jose D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Thomas C S
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Keller Iii
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schlenoff
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry; D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D051379:Mice; D011073:Polyamines; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011407:Propane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000614183:3-(2-(acrylamido)-ethyldimethyl ammonio)propane sulfonate; D000178:Acrylamides; D000179:Acrylates; D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000588:Amines; D001577:Benzophenones; D011073:Polyamines; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011108:Polymers; C063994:polyallylamine; C047723:benzophenone; C036658:acrylic acid; D011407:Propane