title: Evaluation of the Evidence Base for the Alcohol Industry's Actions to Reduce Drink Driving Globally.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the evidence base for the content of initiatives that the alcohol industry implemented to reduce drink driving from 1982 to May 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically analyzed the content of 266 global initiatives that the alcohol industry has categorized as actions to reduce drink driving.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social aspects public relations organizations (i.e., organizations funded by the alcohol industry to handle issues that may be damaging to the business) sponsored the greatest proportion of the actions. Only 0.8% (n = 2) of the sampled industry actions were consistent with public health evidence of effectiveness for reducing drink driving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vast majority of the alcohol industry's actions to reduce drink driving does not reflect public health evidenced-based recommendations, even though effective drink-driving countermeasures exist, such as a maximum blood alcohol concentration limit of 0.05 grams per deciliter for drivers and widespread use of sobriety checkpoints.
authors.affiliation: At the time of the study, Marissa B. Esser, James Bao, and Adnan A. Hyder were with the Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. David H. Jernigan was with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Marissa B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.affiliation: At the time of the study, Marissa B. Esser, James Bao, and Adnan A. Hyder were with the Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. David H. Jernigan was with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: At the time of the study, Marissa B. Esser, James Bao, and Adnan A. Hyder were with the Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. David H. Jernigan was with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.affiliation: At the time of the study, Marissa B. Esser, James Bao, and Adnan A. Hyder were with the Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. David H. Jernigan was with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Adnan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hyder
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000329:Advertising; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication; D001334:Automobile Driving; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D019649:Food Industry / Q000941:ethics*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D040541:Marketing / Q000379:methods; D011634:Public Health; D011641:Public Relations
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol