title: Pars Plana Vitrectomy Combined with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling to Treat Persistent Macular Edema after Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Cases of Ischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in cases of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) where macular edema (ME) persisted after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen eyes with ischemic CRVO-related ME were included in the study. Nine were treated with panretinal photocoagulation after initial examination. Anti-VEGF agents were injected intravitreally. Persistent ME was treated with PPV combined with ILM peeling. During surgery, laser photocoagulation was further applied to the non-perfused area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean retinal thickness gradually decreased after surgery (p = 0.024 at 6 months), although visual acuity did not improve significantly during the follow-up period (14.7 ± 11.6 months). Neovascular glaucoma subsequently developed in three cases and a trabeculectomy was performed in one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In eyes with ischemic CRVO, PPV combined with ILM peeling contributed to a reduction in persistent ME. However, there was no significant improvement in visual acuity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Takamatsu, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Takamatsu, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Takamatsu, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiraga
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Takamatsu, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akitaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujikawa
keywords: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor; Central retinal vein occlusion; Internal limiting membrane peeling; Macular edema; Pars plana vitrectomy