title: Remote ischemic precondition prevents radial artery endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion based on a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism.
abstract: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and remote ischemic precondition (RIPC) are resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. They have common protective mechanism. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 participate in the mechanism of IPC. So, the purpose of this study was to determine whether RIPC protects endothelial function of radial artery in human against IR and whether COX-2 involves in this effect. Endothelial IR injury was induced by arm ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the radial artery was measured before and after IR. RIPC (three 5-min cycles of ischemia of the contralateral arm) was applied immediately and 24 h before IR. All volunteers received the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (200 mg orally twice daily) for 5 days. On day 6, all subjects experienced the same studies as described. FMD was reduced by IR without administration of RIPC (P<0.0001). RIPC prevent this impairment of FMD immediately (P=NS) and at 24 h (P=NS). Nevertheless, the COX-2 inhibiter abolished protective effect of RIPC at 24 h (P=NS), but not immediately (P=0.001). After administration of the COX-2 inhibiter, post-IR FMD after RIPC performed immediately had significant increase than after RIPC performed at 24 h (P=0.001) and without administration of RIPC (P=0.003). The COX-2 inhibiter made post-IR FMD evidently decrease after RIPC performed at 24 h (P=0.002). RIPC prevents radial artery endothelial dysfunction induced by IR. This protective effect of RIPC in the late phase is mediated by a COX-2-dependent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erdos City Central Hospital Erdos 017000, Inner Mongolia, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Bing
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, The Dongsheng District People's Hospital Erdos 017000, Inner Mongolia, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Xia
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erdos City Central Hospital Erdos 017000, Inner Mongolia, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Fudan University Shanghai 200000, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: Remote ischemic preconditioning; cyclooxygenase-2; endothelial function; ischemia and reperfusion