title: Decreased Serum 25-Hydroxycalciferol Levels in Pre-diabetic Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the serum 25-hydroxycalciferol levels [25(OH)D] in adults with pre-diabetes and normoglycaemia to examine a possible association of vitamin D deficiency with pre-diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from November 2012 to July 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Atotal of 272 adults including 136 pre-diabetics and 136 normoglycaemics of either gender aged 20 years and above were consecutively inducted. Patients with diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, rickets and osteomalacia, ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease were excluded. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) was estimated with hexokinase method on Modular p800 Roche chemistry analyzer while serum 25(OH)D was measured on Diasorin Liaison immunoassay analyzer using the chemiluminescent technique. Mean 25(OH)D levels in pre-diabetic and normoglycaemic groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman's correlation coefficient 'rs' was determined between serum 25(OH)D and FPG. Odds ratio for vitamin D deficiency was also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum 25(OH)D level was low in pre-diabetics (23.2 nmol/L) as compared to normoglycaemics (29 nmol/L; p=0.001). Serum 25(OH)D level had inverse correlation with FPG (rs= -0.448, p=0.000). There was also significant association of vitamin D deficiency with pre-diabetes compared with normoglycaemia (OR: 2.21, p= 0.016; 95% CI: 1.15-4.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency with pre-diabetes suggested that vitamin D may have an important role in pathogenesis of pre-diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.lastname: Qurrat-ul-Ain
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: Dilshad Ahmed
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: Aamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ijaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Rai Medical College, Sargodha.
authors.forename: Farooq Ahmad
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, PNS Hafeez, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Atif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latif
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2