title: Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in patients with ulcerative colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the changes of X-box binding protein 1 splicing (XBP1s) and inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the forms of XBP1s and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-17α. Differences between patients with UC and normal subjects were then determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood of normal subjects and UC patients with were stimulated with no drugs (control), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), thapsigargin (TG), or both PHA and TG. XBP1s in patients with UC exhibited splicing, which was greater with co-stimulation than single stimulation. Co-stimulation increased the expression level of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-17α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T lymphocytes of both normal subjects and patients with UC responded to ERS by activating the XBP1s-mediated signalling pathway, upregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the occurrence of inflammation. The mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of patients with UC were more sensitive to ERS than those in the peripheral blood of normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Zhen
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Nan Li, Xue-Ming Wang, Li-Jun Jiang, Meng Zhang, Na Li, Zhen-Zhen Wei, Nan Zheng, Ya-Jiao Zhao, Department of Gastrology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Jiao
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C573415:IFNG protein, human; C508717:IL17A protein, human; C508594:IL2 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605543:XBP1 protein, human; D019284:Thapsigargin; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Ulcerative colitis; X-box binding protein 1 splicing