title: Bivariate Trajectories of Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior: Associations with Emerging Adult Outcomes in a High-Risk Sample.
abstract: Substance use and antisocial behavior are complex, interrelated behaviors. The current study identified model trajectory classes defined by concurrent substance use and antisocial behavior and examined trajectory associations with emerging adult outcomes. Participants from a high-risk sample of youth (n=536; 73% male) completed interviews at baseline (mean age= 16.1 years) and followup (mean age= 22.6 years). Latent class growth analyses identified five trajectory classes based on alcohol/drug use (AOD) and antisocial behavior (ASB):Dual Chronic, Increasing AOD/Persistent ASB, Persistent AOD/Adolescent ASB, Decreasing Drugs/Persistent ASB, and Resolved. Many individuals (56%) exhibited elevated/increasing AOD, and most (91%) reported ASB decreases. Those associated with theDual Chronicclass had the highest rates of substance dependence, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and negative psychosocial outcomes. There were no differences in adult role attainment across classes. Conjoint examination of these behaviors provides greater detail regarding clinical course and can inform secondary prevention and intervention efforts.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 116B, San Diego, CA 92161.
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Trim
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Worley
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 116B, San Diego, CA 92161.
authors.forename: Tamara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, Department of Psychiatry, 12469 E 17th Place, Bldg 400, Aurora, CO 80045.
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hopfer
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, Department of Psychiatry, 12469 E 17th Place, Bldg 400, Aurora, CO 80045.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, 1480 30 St, Boulder, CO 80309.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
keywords: Antisocial Behavior; Emerging Adulthood; Longitudinal; Substance Use