title: Starting too soon: upstream reading frames repress downstream translation.
abstract: Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are known to regulate a few specific transcripts, and recent computational and experimental studies have suggested candidate uORF regulation across the genome. In this issue, Johnstone et al (2016) use ribosome profiling to identify translated uORFs and measure their effects on downstream translation. Furthermore, they show that regulatory uORFs are conserved across species and subject to selective constraint. Recognizing the potential of uORFs in regulating translation expands our understanding of the dynamic regulation of gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for RNA Systems Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McGeachy
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for RNA Systems Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ingolia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012097:Repressor Proteins