title: Accelerating chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI by combining compressed sensing and sensitivity encoding techniques.
abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of accelerated chemical-exchange-saturation-transfer (CEST) imaging using a combination of compressed sensing (CS) and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) at 3 Tesla.
  
  
  
  Two healthy volunteers and six high-grade glioma patients were recruited. Raw CEST image k-space data were acquired (with varied radiofrequency saturation power levels for the healthy volunteer study), and a sequential CS and SENSE reconstruction (CS-SENSE) was assessed. The MTRasym(3.5 ppm) signals were compared with varied CS-SENSE acceleration factors.
  
  
  
  In the healthy volunteer study, a CS-SENSE acceleration factor of R = 2 × 2 (CS × SENSE) was achieved without compromising the reconstructed MTRasym(3.5 ppm) image quality. The MTRasym(3.5 ppm) signals obtained from the CS-SENSE reconstruction with R = 2 × 2 were well preserved compared with the reference image (R = 2 for only SENSE). In the glioma patient study, the MTRasym(3.5 ppm) signals were significantly higher in the tumor region (Gd-enhancing tumor core) than in the normal-appearing white matter (P < 0.001). There was no significant MTRasym(3.5 ppm) difference between the reference image and CS-SENSE-reconstructed image in the acceleration factor of R = 2 × 2.
  
  
  
  Combining the SENSE technique with CS (R = 2 × 2) enables considerable acceleration of CEST image acquisition and potentially has a wide range of clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 77:779-786, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Hye-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Dong-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Xuna
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jinyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: APT; CEST; SENSE; brain tumor; compressed sensing