title: DEPTOR promoter genetic variants and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents.
abstract: Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major metabolic complications of obesity in children and adolescents. DEP domain-containing mammalian target of rapamycin interacting protein (DEPTOR) is involved in downstream insulin signaling and DEPTOR's effects are regulated by its level of expression.
  
  
  
  To analyze promoter region of DEPTOR for genetic variants associated with altered IR in obese children and adolescents.
  
  
  
  IR was determined in 322 normoglycemic obese subjects [173 females, 149 males; mean age 13.3 ± 3.5 yr, mean BMI-SDS 2.85 ± 0.83, HbA1C 5.2 ± 0.2% (33 ± 2.5 mmol/mol)] using homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance [HOMA-IR (>2 prepubertal and >3 pubertal)] and whole body insulin sensitivity index [WBISI (<6.5 prepubertal and <4.5 pubertal)]. Genetic variants, determined by high resolution melting analysis, were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, whereas population allele distribution was determined by TaqMan genotyping probes.
  
  
  
  Genetic variant c.-143T>C (rs7840156) was associated with a significant 2-fold decreased risk to present with IR, determined by HOMA-IR [odds ratio (OR) = 0.614, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.435-0.867, p = 0.0057) and WBISI (OR = 0.582, 95% CI = 0.414-0.817, p = 0.0018). The CC genotype had lower mean HOMA-IR value (2.47 ± 0.44 vs. 3.04 ± 0.14, p = 0.0177) and higher mean WBISI value (7.00 ± 0.71 vs. 5.27 ± 0.33, p = 0.0235) than TT genotype. Variant c.-143T>C was located in evolutionary highly conserved region in DEPTOR promoter region.
  
  
  
  Presented results on association between insulin sensitivity and genetic variants in DEPTOR gene suggest DEPTOR and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway to be potential target for future research and pharmacological interventions.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jernej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovač
authors.affiliation: Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Šutuš Temovski
authors.affiliation: Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tomaž
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rozmarič
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beltram
authors.affiliation: Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trebušak Podkrajšek
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tadej
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Battelino
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Primož
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotnik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C556139:DEPTOR protein, human
keywords: DEPTOR; child; mTOR signaling; obesity; prediabetes