title: Fluorinated graphenes as advanced biosensors - effect of fluorine coverage on electron transfer properties and adsorption of biomolecules.
abstract: Graphene derivatives are promising materials for the electrochemical sensing of diverse biomolecules and development of new biosensors owing to their improved electron transfer kinetics compared to pristine graphene. Here, we report complex electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic performance of variously fluorinated graphene derivatives prepared by reaction of graphene with a nitrogen-fluorine mixture at 2 bars pressure. The fluorine content was simply controlled by varying the reaction time and temperature. The studies revealed that electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity of CFx strongly depend on the degree of fluorination. The versatility of fluorinated graphene as a biosensor platform was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry for different biomolecules essential in physiological processes, i.e. NADH, ascorbic acid and dopamine. Importantly, the highest electrochemical performance, even higher than pristine graphene, was obtained for fluorinated graphene with the lowest fluorine content (CF0.084) due to its high conductivity and enhanced adsorption properties combining π-π stacking interaction with graphene regions with hydrogen-bonding interaction with fluorine atoms.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Urbanová
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: František
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karlický
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matěj
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Šembera
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zbyněk
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Janoušek
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Perman
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Václav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ranc
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Klára
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Čépe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michl
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otyepka
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. radek.zboril@upol.cz michal.otyepka@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zbořil
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004583:Electrons; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005461:Fluorine; D006108:Graphite