title: The efficacy of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Hypnea musciformis against diarrhea in rodents.
abstract: Seaweeds are sources of diverse bioactive compounds, such as sulphated polysaccharides. This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and anti-diarrheal activity of a fraction of sulphated polysaccharide (PLS) obtained from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis in different animal models, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. PLS was obtained by aqueous extraction, with a yield of 31.8% of the seaweed dry weight. The total carbohydrate content accounted for 99% of the sample. The sulfate content of the polysaccharide was 5.08% and the percentage of carbon was 25.98%. Pretreatment with all doses of PLS inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea, with reduction of the total amount of stool, diarrheal stools, and the severity of diarrhea. PLS (90 mg/Kg) decreased castor oil- and PGE2-induced enteropooling. In addition, PLS (90 mg/Kg) increased the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity in the small intestine and reduced gastrointestinal transit, possibly via activation of cholinergic receptors. Interestingly, the cholera toxin-induced fluid secretion and Cl(-) ion levels decreased in the intestinal contents of the animals pretreated with PLS (90 mg/kg), probably via reduction of toxin-GM1 receptor binding. In conclusion, PLS exerts anti-diarrheal activity by increasing Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, inhibiting gastrointestinal motility, and blocking the toxin-GM1 receptor binding.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Clark N
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago S L
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plant Research Center, NPPM, Post-graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luan Kelves M
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisca Beatriz M
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Leódido
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dvison M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pacífico
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia P
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil; Medicinal Plant Research Center, NPPM, Post-graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Electronic address: jandvenes@ufpi.edu.br.
authors.forename: Jand Venes R
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Medeiros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000009:adverse effects; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000633:toxicity; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013431:Sulfates; C034993:ganglioside receptor; D002368:Castor Oil; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
keywords: Algae; Cholera; Sulfated polysaccharide