title: Emerging roles of hyaluronic acid bioscaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA), is a glycosaminoglycan comprised of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. HA is synthesized by hyaluronan synthases and reaches sizes in excess of 2MDa. It plays numerous roles in normal tissues but also has been implicated in inflammatory processes, multiple drug resistance, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, water homeostasis, and altered viscoelasticity of extracellular matrix. The physicochemical properties of HA including its solubility and the availability of reactive functional groups facilitate chemical modifications on HA, which makes it a biocompatible material for use in tissue regeneration. HA-based biomaterials and bioscaffolds do not trigger allergies or inflammation and are hydrophilic which make them popular as injectable dermal and soft tissue fillers. They are manufactured in different forms including hydrogels, tubes, sheets and meshes. Here, we review the pathophysiological and pharmacological properties and the clinical uses of native and modified HA. The review highlights the therapeutic applications of HA-based bioscaffolds in organ-specific tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahadevappa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hemshekhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India.
authors.forename: Ram M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Thushara
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India.
authors.forename: Siddaiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandranayaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Larry S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India. Electronic address: kemparajuom@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kempaiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kemparaju
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572103, India. Electronic address: ksgbaboo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kesturu S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Girish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Bioscaffolds; Drug delivery; Hyaluronic acid; Hyaluronic acid modification; Hydrogels; Nanomedicine; Tissue engineering