title: Local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B viruses in Leyte Island, Philippines.
abstract: The local and global transmission dynamics of influenza B virus is not completely understood mainly because of limited epidemiological and sequence data for influenza B virus. Here we report epidemiological and molecular characteristics of influenza B viruses from 2010 to 2013 in Leyte Island, Philippines. Phylogenetic analyses showed global dissemination of the virus among both neighboring and distant areas. The analyses also suggest that southeast Asia is not a distributor of influenza B virus and can introduce the virus from other areas. Furthermore, we found evidence on the local persistence of the virus over years in the Philippines. Taken together, both local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuse
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odagiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Raita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamigaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirono
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otomaru
authors.affiliation: Tacloban City Health Office, Tacloban City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Opinion
authors.affiliation: Tanauan Rural Health Unit, Tanauan, Philippines.
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.affiliation: Leyte Provincial Health Office, Palo, Philippines.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dolina-Lacaba
authors.affiliation: Leyte Provincial Health Office, Palo, Philippines.
authors.forename: Edgard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daya
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Tohoku-RITM Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito-Obata
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Marianette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inobaya
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tallo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Socorro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lupisan
authors.affiliation: Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. Electronic address: oshitanih@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oshitani
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015870:Gene Expression; D014943:Global Health; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral
keywords: Influenza B virus; Molecular epidemiology; Philippines; Transmission