title: Work-related back discomfort and associated factors among automotive maintenance mechanics in Eastern Nigeria: A cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Back pain has been identified as a common cause of disability in the working population. Automotive mechanics habitually use awkward back posture in their course of manual activity and hence may be at risk of work-related back pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence, pattern and severity of back pain among automotive maintenance mechanics, as well as the personal and job variables associated with or predicting occurrence of back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cross-sectional design, information about self-reported back pain and the associated variables were collected among 684 randomly recruited automotive mechanics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of back pain was 76.02%; with the majority experiencing low back pain. 63.3% of the workers reported they limited their activity due to the back pain. Older workers (>50 years), daily work lasting ≥5 hours duration, no more than primary education, being normal weight, frequent use of kneeling and sustained postures, and lack of knowledge of ergonomic postures were associated with increased prevalence of back pain. Lack of job autonomy, inadequate task clarity, heavy physical work load, manual material handling, strenuous posture, noisy environment, vibrations, work schedule and inadequate auxiliary support were also associated with increased prevalence of back pain among the mechanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Work-related back pain is prevalent among automotive maintenance mechanics. Work-related back pain is high among automotive maintenance mechanics. Workstation policy and legislation on reduction of risks with combined health literacy and ergonomic education programs in this occupational group are imperative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ukachukwu Okoroafor
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Abaraogu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Charles Ikechukwu
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Ezema
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Igwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Afamefuna Victor
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Egwuonwu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Udoka Chris
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Okafor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008283:Maintenance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Musculoskeletal risk; automobile servicing and repair; back pain; manual handling