title: Course and predictors of pain and physical functioning in patients with hip osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically summarize the literature on: (i) the course of pain and physical functioning; and (ii) predictors of deterioration of pain and physical functioning in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus up to July 2015. Meta-analyses and qualitative data syntheses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of the 15 included studies were of high quality. With regard to the course of pain and physical functioning, high heterogeneity was found across studies (I² > 71%) and within study populations (reflected by large standard deviations (SDs) of change scores). Therefore, the course of pain and physical functioning was interpreted to be indistinct. Clinical characteristics (higher comorbidity count and presence of knee osteoarthritis), health behaviour factors (no supervised exercise and physical inactivity) and socio-demographics (lower education) were found to predict deterioration of pain (weak evidence). Higher comorbidity count and lower vitality were found to predict deterioration of physical functioning (strong evidence). For several other predictive factors weak evidence was found (e.g. bilateral hip pain, increase in hip pain (change), bilateral knee pain, presence of knee osteoarthritis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of high heterogeneity across studies and within study populations, no conclusions can be drawn with regard to the course of pain and physical functioning. Several clinical characteristics, health behaviours and psychosocial factors prognosticate deterioration of pain and physical functioning. These findings may guide future research aimed at the identification of subgroups of patients with hip osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre Reade, PO Box 58271 , NL-1040 HG Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.d.rooij@reade.nl.
authors.forename: Mariëtte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Rooij
authors.forename: Marike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Leeden
authors.forename: Martijn W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.forename: Jasmijn F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Holla
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Willem F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Lems
authors.forename: Leo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roorda
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Veenhof
authors.forename: Diana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Ramirez
authors.forename: Henrica C W
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis