title: Source, impact and removal of malodour from soiled clothing.
abstract: Static headspace--multi-capillary column--gas chromatography--ion mobility spectrometry (SHS-MCC-GC-IMS) has been applied to the analysis of malodour compounds from soiled clothing (socks and T-shirts), pre- and post washing, at low temperature (20°C). Six volatile compounds (VCs) (i.e. butyric acid, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone and 2-octanone) were identified. After sensory evaluation of soiled garments they were subjected to laundering with non-perfumed washing powder. The efficiency of the laundering process was evaluated by determining the reduction of each detected volatile compound (VC) post-wash (damp) for socks and T-shirts; VC concentration reductions of between 16 and 100% were noted, irrespective of sample type. Additionally the T-shirt study considered the change in VC concentration post-wash (dry) i.e. after the drying process at ambient temperature. Overall VC concentration reductions of between 25 and 98% were noted for T-shirt samples pre-wash to post-wash (dry). Finally, a potential biochemical metabolic pathway for the formation of malodour compounds associated with bacteria in axillary sweat is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
authors.forename: Chamila J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Denawaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Fowlis
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. Electronic address: John.Dean@northumbria.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003020:Clothing; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003890:Desiccation; D006801:Humans; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013542:Sweat / Q000382:microbiology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Laundry; Malodour; Multi-capillary column–gas Chromatography – ion mobility spectrometry; Washing efficiency; Washing powder