title: Translation, validity and reliability of the British Sign Language (BSL) version of the EQ-5D-5L.
abstract: To translate the health questionnaire EuroQol EQ-5D-5L into British Sign Language (BSL), to test its reliability with the signing Deaf population of BSL users in the UK and to validate its psychometric properties.
  
  
  
  The EQ-5D-5L BSL was developed following the international standard for translation required by EuroQol, with additional agreed features appropriate to a visual language. Data collection used an online platform to view the signed (BSL) version of the tests. The psychometric testing included content validity, assessed by interviewing a small sample of Deaf people. Reliability was tested by internal consistency of the items and test-retest, and convergent validity was assessed by determining how well EQ-5D-5L BSL correlates with CORE-10 BSL and CORE-6D BSL.
  
  
  
  The psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L BSL are good, indicating that it can be used to measure health status in the Deaf signing population in the UK. Convergent validity between EQ-5D-5L BSL and CORE-10 BSL and CORE-6D BSL is consistent, demonstrating that the BSL version of EQ-5D-5L is a good measure of the health status of an individual. The test-retest reliability of EQ-5D-5L BSL, for each dimension of health, was shown to have Cohen's kappa values of 0.47-0.61; these were in the range of moderate to good and were therefore acceptable.
  
  
  
  This is the first time EQ-5D-5L has been translated into a signed language for use with Deaf people and is a significant step forward towards conducting studies of health status and cost-effectiveness in this population.
authors.affiliation: Social Research with Deaf People (SORD), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. katherine.rogers@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Katherine D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Social Research with Deaf People (SORD), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belk
authors.affiliation: Social Research with Deaf People (SORD), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nassimi-Green
authors.affiliation: Social Research with Deaf People (SORD), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Alys
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D010808:Physical Examination; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012813:Sign Language; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: British Sign Language; Deaf population; EQ-5D-5L; Psychometric properties; Translation