title: Bruxism in craniocervical dystonia: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bruxism pathophysiology remains unclear, and its occurrence has been poorly investigated in movement disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of bruxism in patients with craniocervical dystonia vs. normal controls and to determine its associated clinical features.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective-control study. A total of 114 dystonic subjects (45 facial dystonia, 69 cervical dystonia) and 182 controls were included. Bruxism was diagnosed using a hetero-questionnaire and a clinical examination performed by trained dentists. Occurrence of bruxism was compared between the different study populations. A binomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine which clinical features influenced bruxism occurrence in each population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of bruxism was significantly higher in the dystonic group than in normal controls but there was no difference between facial and cervical dystonia. It was also higher in women than in men. Bruxism features were similar between normal controls and dystonic patients except for a higher score of temporomandibular jaw pain in the dystonic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher frequency of bruxism in dystonic patients suggests that bruxism is increased in patients with basal ganglia dysfunction but that its nature does not differ from that seen in bruxers from the normal population.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dentistry , Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin , Bordeaux , France.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borie
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders, CNRS UMR5293 , Bordeaux University , Bordeaux , France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Langbour
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders, CNRS UMR5293 , Bordeaux University , Bordeaux , France.|c Department of Clinical Neurophysiology , Bordeaux University Hospital , Bordeaux , France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guehl
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders, CNRS UMR5293 , Bordeaux University , Bordeaux , France.|c Department of Clinical Neurophysiology , Bordeaux University Hospital , Bordeaux , France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burbaud
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dentistry , Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin , Bordeaux , France.|c Department of Clinical Neurophysiology , Bordeaux University Hospital , Bordeaux , France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D002012:Bruxism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Basal ganglia; Botulinum toxin; Bruxism; Craniocervical dystonia