title: Tagetes lucida Cav.: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of its tranquilizing properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morelos State is one of the most important regions of Mexico where several plant species are used in traditional medicine to influence central nervous system (CNS) activity; for example Tagetes lucida Cav.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the tranquilizing properties of T. lucida aerial parts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on the medicinal uses of T. lucida were explored by interviewing healers and merchants of local markets in different regions of Morelos State by using a questionnaire. Anxiolytic and/or sedative-like responses of the T. lucida were investigated in experimental models in mice such as: open-field, exploration cylinder, hole-board, plus-maze, and the barbituric-induced hypnosis potentiation. The possible mechanism of action was explored in the presence of WAY100635 (0.32mg/kg, i.p.) and flumazenil (10mg/kg, i.p.) antagonists. A feasible active compound was isolated and identified by using conventional chromatography, including UHPLC and MS (DART) [M+H]+ techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interviews of healers and merchants from ten local regions of Morelos State showed that they recommended T. lucida as infusion and as tincture for several culture-bound syndromes associated with the CNS. Anxiolytic and sedative-like activities of polar extracts were corroborated in the experimental models; these effects were inhibited in the presence of 5-HT1A and GABA/BDZ receptor antagonists. Dimethylfraxetin was identified as one possible active compound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the anxiolytic and sedative-like properties of T. lucida in traditional medicine by involving serotonergic and GABAergic neurotransmission and coumarinic constituents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de Fuente, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 México, D.F., México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 México D.F., México.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de Fuente, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 México, D.F., México. Electronic address: evag@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González-Trujano
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de Fuente, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ángeles-López
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de Fuente, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 México, D.F., México; Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Investigación. Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad. SEDENA, México, D.F. México.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brindis
authors.affiliation: Postgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carr. México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Montecillo, 56230 Estado de México, México.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vibrans
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 México D.F., México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reyes-Chilpa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019448:Ethnobotany / Q000379:methods*; D020834:Ethnopharmacology / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000379:methods; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D031686:Tagetes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents
keywords: Anxiety; Central nervous system; Coumarins; Diazepam (PubChem CID: 3016); Dimethylfraxetin (6,7,8-Trimethoxycoumarin) (PubChem CID: 3083928); Ethnobotany; Flumazenil (PubChem CID: 3373); Sedative; Sodium pentobarbital (PubChem CID: 23676152); Tagetes lucida; WAY100635 maleate salt (PubChem CID: 11957721)