title: Increased oxidative stress in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate oxidative stress in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARE) activity were measured in 76 children (44 boys, 32 girls) diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-IV and 78 healthy children (46 boys, 32 girls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age and sex were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). TOS and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher in the patient group than the control group (P < 0.001). PON-1 (P = 0.002), ARE (P = 0.010) activity and TAS (P < 0.001) were lower in the patient group than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found decreased PON-1, ARE activity and TAS, and increased TOS and OSI in children with ADHD. Our study showed that there is significantly increased oxidative stress in children with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sezen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kandemir
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savik
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , Balikligol State Hospital , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basmacı Kandemir
authors.affiliation: b Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Fethiye
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kilicaslan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bilinc
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human
keywords: Arylesterase; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Oxidative stress; Paraxonase-1