title: Learning changes the attentional status of prospective memories.
abstract: Objects in visual working memory (VWM) that are only prospectively relevant can nevertheless affect the guidance of attention in an ongoing visual search task. Here we investigated whether learning changes the attentional status of such prospective memories. Observers performed a visual search while holding an item in memory for a later memory test. This prospective memory was then repeated for several trials. When the memory was new, it interfered with the ongoing search task. However, with repetition, memory performance increased but memory-based interference rapidly diminished, suggesting that observers learned to shield the prospective memory from the ongoing task. This contrasts with earlier findings showing stronger attentional biases from learned memories when these are immediately task-relevant. Interestingly, interference resurfaced again in anticipation of a new memory, suggesting a reactivation of VWM. These effects were sensitive to task context, indicating that the attentional status of prospective memories is flexible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.van.moorselaar@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Moorselaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Theeuwes
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christian N L
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Olivers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070379:Attentional Bias / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Visual attention; Visual search; Visual working memory