title: The Dilemmas of Frontline Staff Working with the Homeless: Housing First, Discretion, and the Task Environment.
abstract: This paper examines staff discretion in permanent supportive housing facilities run by a nonprofit agency claiming to use a housing-first approach. Field observation, archival data, and individual and group interviews with staff and clients were examined to better understand agency processes involved in intake, sanctions, and disposal of clients to evaluate housing-first fidelity. In their day-to-day interactions with clients, frontline workers' discretion is affected by working conditions such as lack of resources and heavy workloads, as well as by demands placed on the agency by members of the its task environment. Implications for housing-first programs and homeless clients are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs, VA St. Louis Healthcare System, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van den Berk-Clark
keywords: discretion; homeless; permanent supportive housing; political-economy; task environment