title: Antimicrobial efficacy of the EndoVac system plus PDT against intracanal Candida albicans: an ex vivo study.
abstract: This study evaluated the ex vivoantimicrobial efficacy of the EndoVac system and the photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with chemomechanical debridement (CMD) and intracanal medication on Candida albicans. Seventy-eight sterile premolars were contaminated withC. albicans (ATCC 21433) for 30 days. The teeth were randomly assigned into four groups: Control (CMD with conventional irrigation); Endovac (CMD with EndoVac system); PDT (CMD with conventional irrigation and PDT); and Endovac + PDT (CMD with EndoVac and PDT). After the therapies, intracanal dressing (calcium hydroxide) was applied to all teeth for seven days. Samples were obtained before (T1) and after the therapeutic procedures (T2), and after intracanal medication (T3), plated onto BHI agar and incubated (37°C, 48 h) to determine the colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The overall mean level ofC. albicans at baseline was relatively high (1.85 x 106 ± 2.7 x 106 CFU mL-1). A significant reduction of C. albicans(p < 0.05) was observed over time (T1 to T2 and T1 to T3) in all groups. An additional significant reduction from T2 to T3 was observed only in the Endovac group (p < 0.05). No differences in mean reduction of C. albicans were observed among groups. However, the Endovac group presented the lowest mean counts of C. albicans at T3, whereas the PDT group had the highest counts of this microorganism (p < 0.05). The EndoVac system of irrigation/aspiration associated with CMD was the most effective therapeutic protocol for reducing intracanal levels of C. albicans. PDT showed a very limited efficacy against this species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rachel Garcia
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: de Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa Dell Santo
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Gusman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Vieira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide