title: Validity and Responsiveness of the Trunk Impairment Scale and Trunk Control Measurement Scale in Young Individuals with Cerebral Palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines construct validity and responsiveness of the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six individuals with CP (nine males), 8-29 years (mean age 17.6) with gross motor function corresponding to GMFCS I-IV, participated in three weeks of intensive and varied physical training at a health sports center. Trunk control was assessed with the TIS (includes three subscales) and TCMS (includes three subscales), and gross motor function with the Gross Motor Function Measure 66 item set (GMFM-66-IS), before and after the training period. The GMFM-66-IS was used as a comparison measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median score of the TCMS subscale dynamic sitting balance, reaching (DSB-R), increased from 6 to 7 (range: 1-10; p = .031), and there was a median change of 3 points in GMFM-66-IS score (p = .036). There were no significant changes in the TIS. The correlations (Spearman's rho), between the TIS, TCMS, and the GMFM-66-IS (pre-scores), ranged between 0.57 and 0.75 (p< .003). Correlations between change scores (pre- and post-scores) were low, and not statistically significant. However, the TCMS DSB-R change score correlated significantly with hours spent on "trunk-targeted training" like paddling/rowing (rho = 0.66; p = .003) and horseback riding (rho = 0.54; p = .011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support construct validity of the TIS and TCMS in young individuals with CP, whereas responsiveness could not be documented. However, the correlations between the TCMS DSB-R change score and hours spent on ''trunk-targeted training'' suggest that this subscale may have the potential to be used in intervention studies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.
authors.forename: Hong Phi
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: b Clinic for Clinical Services , St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eidem
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatrics , St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim , Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Gry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: d Beitostølen Healthsports Center , Øystre Slidre , Norway.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyquist
authors.affiliation: a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.|c Department of Pediatrics , St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim , Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Torstein
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.|c Department of Pediatrics , St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim , Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Rannei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sæther
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D060726:Torso / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Assessment tool; cerebral palsy; responsiveness; trunk control; validity