title: Comparative Evaluation of Antifungal Effect of Titanium, Zirconium and Aluminium Nanoparticles Coated Titanium Plates Against C. albicans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The topographical modifications may vary from millimeter wide grooves to nano size structures. Recently growing nano technology is rapidly advancing surface engineering in implant dentistry. This advancement has resulted in difference in surface properties including the morphology, chemistry, crystal structure and mechanical properties of the implant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anticandidal effect of titanium, zirconium and aluminium nanoparticles against C. albicans at 24 hours, 72 hours and one week time interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to ISO/TR 11175:1993, the samples were prepared with the dimension of 20mm diameter and 1mm thickness in grade IV titanium. A total of 40 samples were made and the samples were divided into four groups. The samples without coating were Group-A (control), samples coated with titanium nano particles were Group-B, samples coated with zirconium nano particles were Group-C and samples coated with aluminium nano particles were Group-D. The samples were cleaned by sonicating in acetone and subsequently in water three times for 15 min. Then they were treated with TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles. The discs were sterilized under uv radiation and placed in SDA for C.albicans. The colonies were counted in 24, 72 hours and one week intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Test. Significance p-value was < .001, which showed that significant difference in C.F.U among the groups in titanium coated samples at 24 hours, 72 hours and one week time intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TiO2 nanoparticles coated titanium plates showed significant anticandidal effect compared to ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles at 24, 72 hours and one week time interval.
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College , Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Ahila Singaravel
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chidambaranathan
authors.affiliation: PG Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College , Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Karthikeyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohandoss
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College , Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Muthu Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniam
keywords: Anticandidal effect; Dental implants; Periimplantitis