title: Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Primary Mode of Respiratory Support for Respiratory Distress in Preterm Infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of preterm infants with respiratory distress initiated on either Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula or Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as a primary mode of respiratory support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care level III neonatal intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  88 preterm infants between 28 to 34 weeks of gestation with mild to moderate respiratory distress within 6 hours of birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible infants were treated either with Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula (n=46) or Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (n=42).
  
  
  METHODS
  Need for mechanical ventilation within 72 hrs of initiating support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline demographic characteristics were comparable between the two groups. There was no difference in the requirement of mechanical ventilation between Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula (19.5%) and Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (26.2%) groups [RD-0.74 (95% CI 0.34-1.62; P =0.46)]. Moderate or severe nasal trauma occurred less frequently with Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula (10.9%) in comparison to Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (40.5%) (P= 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula was comparable to Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as a primary respiratory support for preterm infants with respiratory distress, with lesser incidence of nasal trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal and General Hospital, and #Department of Neonatology, Seth GS Seth Medical college and KEM Hospital; Mumbai, India. Correspondence to: Dr Deeparaj Hegde, Department of Neonatology, LTMMC and LTMG hospital, Sion (West), Mumbai, India. princedeepraj81@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Deeparaj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mondkar
authors.forename: Harshad
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Panchal
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manerkar
authors.forename: Bonny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jasani
authors.forename: Nandkishor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kabra
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000293:injuries; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*