title: Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications.
abstract: Superoxide ion (O2(•-)) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2(•-) is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2(•-) were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2(•-) reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2(•-) so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2(•-) followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2(•-) are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2(•-) environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2(•-) are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the feasibility of using ionic liquids as media for O2(•-), addressing the latest progress of generation and applications. The effect of electrodes on the O2(•-) electrochemical generation is reviewed. Finally, some remarks and future perspectives are concluded.
authors.forename: Maan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayyan
authors.forename: Mohd Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Inas M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: AlNashef
mesh_terms: D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D004566:Electrodes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013481:Superoxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D013481:Superoxides