title: Ethnopharmacological survey about medicinal plants utilized by herbalists and traditional practitioner healers for treatments of diarrhea in the West Bank/Palestine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Folk herbal medicine knowledge and its utilization by aboriginal cultures are not only useful for conservation of cultural traditions and biodiversity, but also useful for community healthcare and drug discovery in the present and in the future.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using a semi-structured questionnaire, an ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea in the West Bank/Palestine was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Information about fifty medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea, including the names of plants, parts used, mode and methods of preparation was obtained from 100 traditional healers and herbalists. This research is the first scientific work in the Middle East to collect data about plants used by traditional healers for treatments of diarrhea and their evidence based effects against this disease. The fidelity levels were 97% for Salvia fruticosa, Teucrium polium and Musa paradisiaca, 95% for Camellia sinensis and Aegle marmelos, 79% for Oryza sativa and Solanum tuberosum, 77% for Quercus boissieri, 66% for Psidium guajava, 56% for Anthemis palestina, 54% for Solanum nigrum and 52% for Juglans regia while the highest use and choice values were for S. fruticosa, T. polium and M. paradisiaca as well as the factor of informant's consensus for medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea was 0.505.The leaves were the most commonly used parts, followed by fruits, roots and rhizomes, while decoctions and infusions are the preferred methods of preparation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Palestinian traditional medicine is rich with herbal remedies for treatment of diarrhea in comparison with other countries, but most of these herbal remedies lack standard in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations to establish their antidiarrheal effects. Therefore, the information obtained can serve as a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies to determine their efficacy and safety which might contribute to a better integration of Palestinian traditional medicine into the national health system in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine. Electronic address: nidaljaradat@najah.edu.
authors.forename: Nidal Amin
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Jaradat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
authors.forename: Ola Ibrahim
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Ayesh
authors.affiliation: English Language Center, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000930:Antidiarrheals
keywords: Diarrhea; Herbalists; Medicinal plants; Traditional practitioner healers; West Bank/Palestine