title: Prednisolone- and sirolimus-eluting stent: Anti-inflammatory approach for inhibiting in-stent restenosis.
abstract: Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-proliferative agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a prednisolone- (PDScs) and sirolimus-coated stent (SRLcs) in preventing artery vessel neointimal hyperplasia and inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo. PDS, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is a derivative of cortisol, which is used to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The stents were fabricated with PDS, SRL, or both agents using a layer-by-layer coating system (designated as PDScs, SRLcs, and PDSRLcs, respectively). The surface morphology of the PDScs showed an evenly dispersed and roughened shape, which was smoothened by the SRL coating. Half of the total drug amounts were released within seven days, followed by an additional release, which continued for up to 28 days. The proliferation of smooth muscle cells was inhibited in the SRLcs group (31.5 ± 4.08%), and this effect was enhanced by PDS addition (PDSRLcs, 46.8 ± 8.11%). Consistently, in the animal study, the restenosis rate was inhibited by the SRLcs and PDSRLcs (18.5 ± 6.23% and 14.5 ± 3.55%, respectively). Especially, fibrin expression and inflammation were suppressed in the PDS-containing group (PDScs, 0.6 ± 0.12 and 1.4 ± 0.33; PDSRLcs, 0.7 ± 0.48 and 1.7 ± 0.12, respectively) compared to PDS non-containing groups (BMS, 1.1 ± 0.12, and 1.8 ± 0.55; SRLcs, 1.6 ± 0.32 and 2.0 ± 0.62, respectively). Moreover, re-endothelialization was enhanced in the PDScs group as determined using immunohistochemistry with a cluster of differentiation (CD)-31 antibodies. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of SRLcs on anti-restenosis can be accelerated by additional coating with PDS, which has promising properties as a bioactive compound with useful anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sung Park
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jae
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seob
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Doo Sun
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Republic of Korea Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea myungho@chollian.net.
authors.forename: Myung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D004058:Diffusion; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011817:Rabbits; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004343:Drug Implants; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011239:Prednisolone; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: Prednisolone; anti-inflammation; anti-restenosis; drug-eluting stent; sirolimus