title: Immune indices and identical functions of two prophenoloxidases from the haemolymph of green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus and its antibiofilm activity.
abstract: In the present study, we purified two prophenoloxidases (proPO) from haemolymph of green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus by gel fermentation chromatography using blue Sepharose matrix. The two purified prophenoloxidase macromolecules are of about 76 and 75 kDa determined through SDS-PAGE and named as Penaeus semisulcatus prophenoloxidase I (PSproPO I) and Penaeus semisulcatus prophenoloxidase II (PSproPO II). It was further characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Circular Dichroism (CD) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The purified PSproPO I and PSproPO II showed the strongest agglutination titre against human erythrocytes compared to goat RBC. The PSproPO I and PSproPO II showed phagocytic activity against yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and encapsulation activity against Sepharose CL 6B beads compared to CM Sepharose and Sodium alginate beads. The functional analysis of purified PSproPO I and PSproPO II showed enhanced PO activity when added with the triggering molecules such as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), metals and chemicals. In addition, eluted fraction containing PSproPO I and PSproPO II showed antibiofilm activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The above results concluded that no significant differences were found between the purified PSproPO I and PSproPO II immune indices and functions. This study might provide a sensitive platform to understand more about the critical roles of PSproPO I and PSproPO II in crustacean immune system.
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramachandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishwarya
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sangily
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Perumal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muthulakshmi
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Mahalingam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anjugam
authors.affiliation: Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rengarajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
authors.affiliation: Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khudus Nazar
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: vaseeharanb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Baskaralingam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaseeharan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006041:Goats; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology; D033561:Penaeidae; D010587:Phagocytosis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D008670:Metals; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase
keywords: Encapsulation; Immune response; Penaeus semisulcatus; Prophenoloxidase