title: Grasping objects by former amputees: The visuo-motor control of allografted hands.
abstract: Hand allograft has recently emerged as a therapeutic option for upper limb amputees. Functional neuroimaging studies have progressively revealed sensorimotor cortices plasticity following both amputation and transplantation. The purpose of our study was to assess and characterize the functional recovery of the visuo-motor control of prehension in bilateral hand transplanted patients.
  
  
  
  Using kinematics recordings, we characterized the performance of prehension with or without visual feed-back for object of different position and size, in five bilateral hand allograft recipients and age-matched control subjects. Both hands were assessed, separately.
  
  
  
  Despite an overall slower execution, allografted patients succeeded in grasping for more than 90% of the trials. They exhibited a preserved hand grip scaling according to object size, and preserved prehension performances when tested without visual feedback. These findings highlight the allograft recipients' abilities to produce an effective motor program, and a good proprioceptive-dependent online control. Nevertheless, the maximum grip aperture was reduced and delayed, the coupling between Transport and Grasp components was altered, and the final phase of the movement was lengthened.
  
  
  
  Hand allotransplantation can offer recipients a good recovery of the visuo-motor control of prehension, with slight impairments likely attributable to peripheral neuro-orthopedic limitations.
authors.affiliation: ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.|Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.|Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huchon
authors.affiliation: Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.|Transplantation Surgery Department, Edouart Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badet
authors.affiliation: Dynamique du Langage, CNRS and Lyon 2 University, UMR5596, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Alice Catherine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finos
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Clinique du Parc Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazarian
authors.affiliation: ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.|Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.|Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Revol
authors.affiliation: Romans Ferrari Pediatric Rehabilitation Medical Center, Miribel, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernardon
authors.affiliation: ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.|Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.|Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.affiliation: Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.|Nephrology and Immunology Department, Edouart Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morelon
authors.affiliation: ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.|Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.|Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.affiliation: ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.|Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farnè
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000674:Amputees; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D063987:Hand Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hand transplantation; kinematics; neural plasticity; prehension; visuo-motor control