title: Aqueous extract from seeds of Silybum marianum L. as a green material for preparation of the Cu/Fe3O4 nanoparticles: A magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes.
abstract: In this paper, we report the green synthesis of the Cu/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Silybum marianum L. seeds extract and their application as magnetically separable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes. Our method is clean, nontoxic and environment friendly. The synthesized nanocatalyst is characterized by XRD, TEM, EDS and UV-visible techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy is used to monitor the kinetics of the Cu/Fe3O4 nanoparticles formation. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the C=O and C-O groups in the plant seeds extract played a critical role in capping the nanoparticles. The expected reaction mechanism in the formation of nanoparticles is also reported. The catalyst is recoverable by magnetic decantation and could be reused several times without significant loss in catalytic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Faculty of Science, Soran University, PO Box 624, Soran, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
authors.forename: S Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sajadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran; Center of Environmental Researches, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. Electronic address: mahmoudnasr81@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasrollahzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maham
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D020944:Silybum marianum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; D003300:Copper
keywords: Cu/Fe(3)O(4); Green synthesis; Nitroarenes; Reduction; Silybum marianum L.