title: Influence of γ-Secretase Inhibitor 24-Diamino-5-Phenylthiazole DAPT on Platelet Activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DAPT (24-diamino-5-phenylthiazole) inhibits γ-secretase, which cleaves the signaling molecule CD44, a negative regulator of platelet activation and apoptosis. CD44 is a co-receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) an anti-apoptotic pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed and released from blood platelets. Whether DAPT influences platelet function, remained, however, elusive. Activators of platelets include collagen related peptide (CRP). The present study thus explored whether DAPT modifies the stimulating effect of CRP on platelet function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platelets isolated from wild-type mice were exposed for 30 minutes to DAPT (10 µM). Flow cytometry was employed to estimate Orai1 abundance with specific antibodies, cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fluorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from α(IIb)β3 integrin abundance, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DCFDA fluorescence, mitochondrial transmembrane potential from TMRE fluorescence, phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane from annexin-V-binding, relative platelet volume from forward scatter and aggregation utilizing staining with CD9-APC and CD9-PE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of platelets to 2-5 µg/ml CRP was followed by significant increase of Orai1 abundance, [Ca2+]i, and P-selectin abundance, as well as by α(IIb)β3 integrin activation, ROS generation, mitochondrial depolarization, enhanced annexin-V-binding, decreased cell volume, and aggregation. All CRP induced effects were significantly blunted in the presence of DAPT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT counteracts agonist induced platelet activation, apoptosis and aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tx00FC;bingen, Tx00FC;bingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guilai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Madhumita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Anja T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Umbach
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Meinrad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawaz
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D003959:Diamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C000612000:24-diamino-5-phenylthiazole; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003959:Diamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010455:Peptides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013844:Thiazoles; C435908:collagen-related peptide; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases