title: Chlorella vulgaris production enhancement with supplementation of synthetic medium in dairy manure wastewater.
abstract: To identify innovative ways for better utilizing flushed dairy manure wastewater, we have assessed the effect of dairy manure and supplementation with synthetic medium on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. A series of experiments were carried out to study the impacts of pretreatment of dairy wastewater and the benefits of supplementing dairy manure wastewater with synthetic medium on C. vulgaris growth increment and the ultrastructure (chloroplast, starch, lipid, and cell wall) of C. vulgaris cells. Results showed that the biomass production of C. vulgaris in dairy wastewater can be enhanced by pretreatment and using supplementation with synthetic media. A recipe combining pretreated dairy wastewater (40 %) and synthetic medium (60 %) exhibited an improved growth of C. vulgaris. The effects of dairy wastewater on the ultrastructure of C. vulgaris cells were distinct compared to that of cells grown in synthetic medium. The C. vulgaris growth in both synthetic medium and manure wastewater without supplementing synthetic medium was lower than the growth in dairy manure supplemented with synthetic medium. We anticipate that the results of this study will help in deriving an enhanced method of coupling nutrient-rich dairy manure wastewater for biofuel production.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.|Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. pkpandey@ucdavis.edu.|University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. pkpandey@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Pramod K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Annaliese K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Tarapacá, Avenida General Velásquez No. 1775, Arica, Chile.|Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jeannotte
keywords: Algae biomass; Dairy wastewater; Fecal bacteria; TEM; Treatment