title: The evolution of prostacyclins in pulmonary arterial hypertension: from classical treatment to modern management.
abstract: Prostacyclins for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have historically been covered under the insurance medical benefit because they require durable medical equipment and are administered by an intravenous, subcutaneous, or inhalation route. However, more treatment options that target the prostacyclin pathway have become available. As the number and type of options expand, an improved understanding of these drugs will aid managed care decision makers in evaluating new treatment options and making clinically sound and cost-effective treatment decisions. PAH is a progressive disease of pulmonary vascular remodeling that increases pulmonary vascular resistance and often results in right-side heart failure and death if left untreated. Adverse event profiles, the complexity of administration modalities, and potential complications must be considered when administering prostacyclin therapy. Traditional modes of administration, with their potential challenges and complications, may have contributed to the unmet need for an oral agent. Another consideration for managed care decision makers is that oral agents are generally covered under the insurance pharmacy benefit. Access to oral medications with long-term outcomes data, as well as the improved convenience of oral therapy, may help patients with PAH maximize function by maintaining a more convenient and consistent therapeutic regimen.
authors.affiliation: burger.charles@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Albini
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raspa
authors.forename: Janis A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pruett
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011464:Epoprostenol; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044062:Prostaglandins I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D044062:Prostaglandins I; D011464:Epoprostenol; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase