title: Valorization of Olive Pomace Oil with Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-Monoacylglycerol.
abstract: 2-Monoacylglycerols (2-MAG) with a high content of oleic acid at sn-2 position was synthesized by enzymatic ethanolysis of refined olive pomace oil, which is a byproduct of olive oil processing. Six lipases from different microbial sources were used in the synthesis of 2-MAG. Immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica gave the highest product yield among the selected lipases. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize reaction conditions; time (4 to 10 h), temperature (45 to 60 °C), enzyme load (10 to 18 wt%), and ethanol:oil molar ratio (30:1 to 60:1). The predicted highest 2-MAG yield (84.83%) was obtained at 45 °C using 10 (wt%) enzyme load and 50:1 ethanol:oil molar ratio for 5 h reaction time. Experiments to confirm the predicted results at optimum conditions presented a 2-MAG yield of 82.54%. The purification yield (g 2-MAG extracted/100 g of total product) was 80.10 and 69.00 for solvent extraction and low-temperature crystallization, respectively. The purity of the synthesized 2-MAG was found to be higher than 96%.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept, The Univ. of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept, The Univ. of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koçak Yanık
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept, The Univ. of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice Neval
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Mucuk
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept, The Univ. of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Göğüş
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept, The Univ. of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fadıloğlu
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida / Q000201:enzymology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000378:metabolism*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D050178:Monoglycerides; D000069463:Olive Oil; D012997:Solvents; D019301:Oleic Acid; D000431:Ethanol; D008049:Lipase
keywords: 2-MAG recovery; 2-monoolein; enzymatic ethanolysis; olive pomace oil; response surface methodology