title: Fluoroscopically guided tunneled trans-caudal epidural catheter technique for opioid-free neonatal epidural analgesia.
abstract: Epidural analgesia confers significant perioperative advantages to neonates undergoing surgical procedures but may be very technically challenging to place using a standard interlaminar loss-of-resistance to saline technique given the shallow depth of the epidural space. Thoracic epidural catheters placed via the caudal route may reduce the risk of direct neural injury from needle placement, but often pose higher risks of infection and/or improper positioning if placed without radiographic guidance. We present a detailed method of placing a fluoroscopically guided, tunneled transcaudal epidural catheter, which may reduce both of these risks. The accuracy and precision of this technique often provides adequate analgesia to allow for opioid-free epidural infusions as well as significant reductions in systemic opioids through the perioperative period. Opioid-free analgesia using a regional anesthetic technique allows for earlier extubation and reduced perioperative sedation, which may have a less deleterious neurocognitive effect on the developing brain of the neonate.
authors.affiliation: Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 3115, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. andrew.franklin@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 3115, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Elisabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters; D004824:Epidural Space; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy
keywords: Caudal; Clonidine; Epidural; Fluoroscopy; Neonatal; Opioid sparing; Ropivacaine