title: Dual Diagnosis and Suicide Probability in Poly-Drug Users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of suicidal thoughts and suicidal probability among poly-substance abusers in Saudi population, and to examine the relation between dual diagnosis and suicidal thoughts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Al-Baha Psychiatric Hospital, Saudi Arabia, from May 2011 to June 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 239 subjects, aged 18 - 45 years. We reviewed 122 individuals who fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria of substance abuse for two or more substances, and their data were compared with that collected from 117 control persons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Suicidal cases were highly present among poly-substance abusers 64.75%. Amphetamine and cannabis were the most abused substances, (87.7% and 70.49%, respectively). Astatistically significant association with suicidality was found with longer duration of substance abuse (p < 0.001), using alcohol (p=0.001), amphetamine (p=0.007), volatile substances (p=0.034), presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders (dual diagnosis) as substance induced mood disorder (p=0.001), schizo-affective disorder (p=0.017), major depressive disorders (p=0.001), antisocial (p=0.016) and borderline (p=0.005) personality disorder. Suicidal cases showed significant higher scores (p < 0.001) of suicide probability scale and higher scores in Beck depressive inventory (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abusing certain substances for long duration, in addition to comorbid psychiatric disorders especially with disturbed-mood element, may trigger suicidal thoughts in poly-substance abusers. Depression and suicide probability is common consequences of substance abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ismail M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Magda T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fahmy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wafaa L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Haggag
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amany A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baalash
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data