title: Admission Glucose Level Predicts In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism Who Were Treated with Thrombolytic Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated admission serum glucose level is associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes in various clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between admission glucose levels and in-hospital and long-term adverse clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) treated with thrombolytic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 183 consecutive confirmed acute PE patients (98 female and 85 male; mean age 61.9 ± 15.7 years) who were treated with thrombolytic therapy enrolled in this study. The study population was categorised into four quartiles according to admission serum glucose levels (group I: glucose ≤115 mg/dl; group II: glucose >115-141 mg/dl; group III: glucose >141-195 mg/dl; and group IV: glucose ≥196 mg/dl).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in group IV (28.8 %) compared to group III (15.2 %), group II (6.6 %), and group I (2.1 %) (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, admission glucose level (OR 1.013, 95 % CI 1.004-1.021, p = 0.004) and admission anaemia (OR 0.602, 95 % CI 0.380-0.955, p = 0.03) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. The mean follow-up period was 34 months. During long-term follow-up, all-cause mortality, recurrent PE, major and minor bleeding were similar among the four groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Admission glucose level is a simple, inexpensive, easily available, and effective laboratory parameter for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey. mbozbay42@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozbay
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uyarel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avsar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murat
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Atas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Altug
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cincin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Tıbbiye Caddesi No: 13 Kadikoy, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010343:Patient Admission; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Clinical outcomes; Glucose; Mortality; Pulmonary embolism; Thrombolytic therapy