title: Evolving Concepts of Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Left Heart Disease.
abstract: Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease is the most common form of pulmonary hypertension. Although its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, it is now well recognized that the presence of pulmonary hypertension is associated with a worse prognosis. Right ventricular failure has independent and additive prognostic value over pulmonary hypertension for adverse outcomes in left heart disease. Recently, several new terminologies have been introduced to better define and characterize the nature and severity of pulmonary hypertension. Several new treatment options including the use of pulmonary arterial hypertension specific therapies are being considered, but there is lack of evidence. Here, we review the recent advances in this field and summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of use in the management of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Bhavadharini
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramu
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. tthenapp@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Thenappan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thenappan
mesh_terms: D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Diastolic pulmonary gradient; Heart failure; Hemodynamics; Left heart disease; Pulmonary arterial compliance; Pulmonary hypertension; Right ventricular dysfunction