title: Wiring of patellar fractures by Joseph Lister.
abstract: Joseph Lister (1827-1912) was the father of modern surgery and, in particular, of today's orthopaedic surgery. Before Lister, surgeons seldom opened into a joint or performed an open operation for failed reduction or malunion of a fracture. Indeed, most surgical teachers condemned such procedures because of the almost invariable complications of wound suppuration, pyaemia prolonged illness and often death.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000266:history*; D001864:Bone Wires / Q000266:history*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000266:history*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local