title: Role of hypoxia during nephrogenesis.
abstract: Mammals develop in a physiologically hypoxic state, and the oxygen tension of different tissues in the embryo is precisely controlled. Deviation from normal oxygenation, such as what occurs in placental insufficiency, can disrupt fetal development. Several studies demonstrate that intrauterine hypoxia has a negative effect on kidney development. As nascent nephrons are forming from nephron progenitors in the nephrogenic zone, they are exposed to varying oxygen tension by virtue of the development of the renal vasculature. Thus, nephrogenesis may be linked to oxygen tension. However, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs remains unclear. This review focuses on what is known about molecular mechanisms active in physiological and pathological hypoxia and their effects on kidney development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Shelby L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hemker
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Sunder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sims-Lucas
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. jacqueline.ho2@chp.edu.|University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. jacqueline.ho2@chp.edu.|Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA. jacqueline.ho2@chp.edu.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Hypoxia; Nephrogenesis; Nephron progenitors; Placental insufficiency