title: The relationship between anxiety, depression and religious coping strategies and erectile dysfunction in Iranian patients with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of anxiety, depressive mood and religious coping in erectile function among Iranian patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Repair Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of N=93 men with SCI participated in this cross-sectional study. Levels of anxiety and depressive mood were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Religious coping strategies were measured using the 14-items Brief Coping Questionnaire. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function. The joint effect of anxiety, depressive mood and religious coping strategies on erectile function was assessed by performing stepwise multiple linear regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the SCI patients was 37.8 years with a mean post-injury time of 4.6 years. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that age (B=-0.27, 95% CI=-0.47 to -0.07), education (B for higher education=0.63, 95% CI=0.24 to 1.02), the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (B for complete impairment=-3.36, 95% CI=-3.82 to -2.89), anxiety (B=-3.56, 95% CI=-5.76 to -1.42), positive religious coping (B=0.30, 95% CI=0.03 to 0.57), negative religious coping (B=-0.56, 95% CI=-0.82 to -0.29) and the duration of injury (B=-0.25, 95% CI=-0.22 to -0.29) were all independent factors influencing erectile function in SCI patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the results indicated that SCI patients who use positive religious coping strategies had better erectile function compared with individuals who applied negative religious coping strategies. Furthermore, higher levels of anxiety, greater impairment and longer duration of injury turned out to be risk factors for erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pakpour
authors.affiliation: Iran Department of Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rahnama
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saberi
authors.affiliation: Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saffari
authors.affiliation: Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Movaghar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burri
authors.affiliation: Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajiaghababaei
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012067:Religion; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult