title: Effects of soluble sulfide on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic development.
abstract: Zebrafish embryos were used to investigate the developmental effects of sulfide. Mortality, teratogenic effects, and developmental parameters of early developmental embryos were recorded. The biodistribution of sulfide in developing zebrafish embryos and larvae were measured through fluorescence imaging. The influences of sulfide on the cardiac function and development velocity of zebrafish embryos were dependent on sulfide concentration. Heart rate and development velocity increased with exposure to lower sulfide concentrations, which may be attributed to the cardioprotective properties of H2S. Meanwhile, heart rate and development velocity decreased, whereas pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and trunk abnormalities occurred with exposure to higher sulfide concentrations. Sulfide accumulated in the blastoderm of early developmental embryos and was then transported to the yolk sac and yolk extension with the embryonic development. Finally, sulfide was transferred from the yolk to the eyes of zebrafish larvae. The details of mechanism of sulfide toxicity require further research.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Surface Physics & Nanoscience, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.
authors.forename: Zhangjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: emsl@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D013440:Sulfides / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biodistribution; Cardioprotective; Embryotoxic; Sulfide; Zebrafish embryos