title: Otorhinolaryngology residency in Spain: training satisfaction, working environment and conditions.
abstract: Europe-wide efforts are being initiated to define quality standards and harmonize Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS)-specialty-training by creating an European board examination. However, differences within and between countries remain and are underinvestigated making comparisons and further improvement more difficult. The study aimed at assessing quality of training, satisfaction and quality of life of residents and recent ORL-HNS specialists in Spain and to trace similarities and differences to France and Germany administering anonymous online-questionnaire to ORL-HNS-residents and recent specialists. 146 questionnaires were returned with answers of 75.6 % of residents, a mean age of 30 years and a female to male ratio of 1.46:1. The global satisfaction of training was high as 76 % would choose the same ENT training again, 86 % confirmed that responsibilities which were given to them were adapted to their level of training and 97 % felt well considered in their department. Ninety-two confirmed that helpful seniors contributed to a good work environment (75 %) and to a good organization within the department (69 %). The respondents spent on average 8.8 h per day at the hospital and covered on average 4.8 night duties or week-end shifts per month with mostly no post-day off (86 %). Seventy-four percent participated regularly at complementary training sessions. Research work was supported and guided in 59 %. This study is the first one, to our best of knowledge, to assess the ORL-HNS-training in Spain and to trace parallelisms and differences to other European countries, such as France and Germany. The satisfaction of training and supervision was high in Spain, but there are still efforts to make concerning resident's quality of life. Compared to France and Germany, satisfaction with ORL-HNS-training and the support and guidance provided by seniors was similar. Work conditions were comparable to those in France. Motivation, teaching and scientific output was higher in Spain, despite the salary being the lowest.
authors.affiliation: Service d'ORL et chirurgie de la face et du cou Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.|Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.|Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Diderot Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oker
authors.affiliation: Kellogg College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Alotaibi
authors.affiliation: Service d'ORL et chirurgie de la face et du cou Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.|Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Diderot Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Servicio de ORL, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernal-Sprekelsen
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany. andreas.albers@charite.de.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Albers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011643:Publishing; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Medical training; Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery residency in Europe; Residency in Spain; Supervision of training, clinical and surgical skills; Surgical training