title: Feasibility of hair sampling to assess levels of organophosphate metabolites in rural areas of Sri Lanka.
abstract: Measuring chronic pesticide exposure is important in order to investigate the associated health effects. Traditional biological samples (blood/urine) are difficult to collect, store and transport in large epidemiological studies in settings such as rural Asia. We assessed the acceptability of collecting hair samples from a rural Sri Lankan population and found that this method of data collection was feasible. We also assessed the level of non-specific metabolites (DAPS) of organophosphate pesticides in the hair samples. The median concentration (pg/mg) of each DAP was: diethyl phosphate: 83.3 (IQI 56.0, 209.4); diethyl thiophosphate: 34.7 (IQI 13.8, 147.9); diethyl dithiophosphate: 34.5 (IQI 23.4, 55.2); and dimethyl phosphate: 3 (IQI 3, 109.7). Total diethylphosphates were recovered in >80% of samples and were positively correlated with self-reported pesticide exposure.
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Electronic address: dee.knipe@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Knipe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura 50008, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jayasumana
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura 50008, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siribaddana
authors.affiliation: South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Priyadarshana
authors.affiliation: South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunnell
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.affiliation: Division of Morphology, Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tzatzarakis
authors.affiliation: Division of Morphology, Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tsatsakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013188:Sri Lanka; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010755:Organophosphates; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Chronic exposure; Dialkylphosphates metabolites; Hair; Pesticides; Sri Lanka