title: pH-Responsive Hydrogel With an Anti-Glycation Agent for Modulating Experimental Periodontitis.
abstract: Stimulus-responsive devices have emerged as a novel approach for local drug delivery. This study investigates the feasibility of a novel chitosan-based, pH-responsive hydrogel loaded with N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (PTB), which cleaves the crosslinks of advanced glycation end products on the extracellular matrix.
  
  
  
  A chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with PTB was fabricated, and the in vitro release profile was evaluated within pH 5.5 to 7.4. BALB/cJ mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the effects during the induction and recovery phases of periodontitis, respectively, and animals in each phase were divided into four groups: 1) no periodontitis induction; 2) ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (group PR); 3) experimental periodontitis plus hydrogel without PTB (group PH); and 4) experimental periodontitis plus hydrogel with PTB (group PP). The therapeutic effects were evaluated by microcomputed tomographic imaging of periodontal bone level (PBL) loss and histomorphometry for inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen density.
  
  
  
  PTB was released faster at pH 5.5 to 6.5 and consistently slower at pH 7.4. In the induction phase, PBL and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced in group PP relative to group PR, and the loss of collagen matrix was significantly reduced relative to that observed in group PH. In the recovery phase, PBL and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced, and significantly greater collagen deposition was noted in group PP relative to groups PR and PH at 4 and 14 days after silk removal.
  
  
  
  Chitosan-based, pH-responsive hydrogels loaded with PTB can retard the initiation of and facilitate the recovery from experimental periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Chen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University.
authors.forename: Chih-Yeun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University.
authors.forename: Yi-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jheng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shan-Huey
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Xin-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, College of Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Dean-Mo
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University.
authors.forename: Po-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss; D000818:Animals; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: C101705:N-phenacylthiazolium bromide; D013844:Thiazoles; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
keywords: Chitosan; N-phenacylthiazolium bromide; hydrogel; periodontitis