title: Biomass derived solvents for the scalable production of single layered graphene from graphite.
abstract: Among four different biomass derived green and sustainable solvents namely levulinic acid (LA), ethyl lactate (EL), γ-valerolactone (GVL) and formic acid (FA) only LA was found to exfoliate graphite to single and few layered graphene sheets. During exfoliation, the formation of LA crystals embedded with single layered graphene sheets was observed. The process is scalable and the solvent can be recovered and reused in five subsequent cycles of exfoliation for the large scale production of graphene sheets.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India. kamlesh@csmcri.org drkamaleshp@gmail.com and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India. kamlesh@csmcri.org drkamaleshp@gmail.com and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Dibyendu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India. kamlesh@csmcri.org drkamaleshp@gmail.com and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Nripat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India. kamlesh@csmcri.org drkamaleshp@gmail.com and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar - 364 002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Kamalesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad