title: Five-Minute Awake Snoring Test for Determining CPAP Pressures (Five-Minute CPAP Test): A Pilot Study.
abstract: Objective. To develop a quick, simple, bedside test for determining continuous positive airway pressures (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Study Design. Prospective case series at a tertiary medical center. Methods. The Five-Minute Awake Snoring Test for Determining CPAP (Five-Minute CPAP Test) was developed and tested. Patients wear a soft-gel nasal triangle mask while holding a tongue depressor with the wide section (1.75 cm) between the teeth. Fixed pressure nasal CPAP is applied while the patient simulates snoring at 4 centimeters of water pressure. The pressure is incrementally titrated up and then down to determine the lowest pressure at which the patient cannot snore (Quiet Pressure). Results. Overall, thirty-eight patients participated. All could simulate snoring. Correlation coefficients were statistically significant between Quiet Pressures and body mass index (r s = 0.60 [strong positive relationship], p = 0.0088), apnea-hypopnea index (r s = 0.49 [moderate positive relationship], p = 0.039), lowest oxygen saturation (r s = -0.47 [moderate negative relationship], p = 0.048), and oxygen desaturation index (r s = 0.62 [strong positive relationship], p = 0.0057). Conclusion. This pilot study introduces a new concept, which is the final product of over one year of exploration, development, and testing. Five-Minute CPAP Test is a quick, inexpensive, and safe bedside test based on supine awake simulated snoring with nasal CPAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Sleep Surgery and Medicine, 1 Jarrett White Road, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA.
authors.forename: Macario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ruoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune 411030, India; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Sleep Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
authors.forename: Jabri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arbee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
authors.forename: Anahid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hekmat
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Sleep Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Soroush
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3673-9099
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sleep Medicine Centre, Hospital CUF, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal; Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Certal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Sleep Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Robson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Capasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
authors.forename: Clete A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kushida