title: Potential intake of vitamins "A" and "D" through branded intravenous lipid emulsions: Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis.
abstract: No data exist for vitamin A group and vitamin D2/D3 content in branded intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs). Our goal is to evaluate and quantify their concentrations in different ILEs to assess whether they are clinically relevant. Analyses were carried out in triplicates on six ILEs: 1) 30% soybean oil-based, 2) 20% olive-soybean oil based, 3) 10 + 10% soybean - MCT coconut oil based, 4) 20% soybean-olive-MCT-fish oil based, 5) 20% soybean-MCT-fish oil based and 6) 10% pure fish oil based, respectively. Retinol group (vitamin A) and ergo-chole-calciferol (vitamin D2/D3) were analyzed and quantified by a quali-quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method after potassium hydroxide alkaline hydrolysis, hexane extraction, reverse phase-liquid chromatography and specific multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) detection. On average, measured retinol content was in the range of 200-1000 μg/L in ILEs (1,2, and 3), whereas it was higher (1000-2000 μg/L) in the ILEs containing fish-oil. Vitamin D content was in the range of 1-10 μg/L in the fish-oil based ILEs, but undetectable in those ILEs containing purely vegetable oils. This study shows that vitamin A and D contents are variably present in ILEs based on their different lipid sources. Both contents should be explicitly mentioned in the products.
authors.affiliation: Paediatrics, Medical School, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: l.forchielli@post.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Forchielli
authors.affiliation: Centralized Analysis Laboratory, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Centralized Analysis Laboratory, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patrono
authors.affiliation: Centralized Analysis Laboratory, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Paediatrics, Medical School, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pession
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Medical School, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puggioli
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy (Retired), Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Germana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bersani
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D000074263:Coconut Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005395:Fish Oils; D000069463:Olive Oil; D014280:Triglycerides; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D013024:Soybean Oil; D000074263:Coconut Oil
keywords: Branded intravenous lipid emulsions; Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis; Retinol (vitamin A) and ergo-chole-calciferol (vitamin D2/D3)