title: Toxigenic profile of methicillin-sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from special groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staphylococcus aureus is characterized by its pathogenicity and high prevalence, causing disease in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals due to its easy dissemination. This fact is aggravated by the widespread dissemination of S. aureus carrying toxigenic genes. The objective of this study was to determine the toxigenic profile of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in patients with purulent skin and/or soft tissue infections seen at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School, asymptomatic adults older than 60 years living in nursing homes, and prison inmates of the Avaré Detention Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR was used for the detection of the mecA gene, enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, and sec), exfoliative toxins A and B (eta and etb), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst), panton-valentine leukocidin (lukS-PV and lukF-PV), and alpha- and delta-hemolysins or cytotoxins (hla and hld).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed a significant prevalence of toxigenic genes among S. aureus isolates from asymptomatic individuals, with the observation of a higher prevalence of cytotoxin genes. However, the panton-valentine leukocidin gene was only detected in MSSA isolated from patients with skin infections and the tst gene was exclusively found in MSSA isolated from prison inmates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated a significant prevalence of toxigenic genes in MSSA and MRSA strains isolated from asymptomatic S. aureus carriers. There was a higher prevalence of cytotoxin genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. camilasena07@hotmail.com.|Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. camilasena07@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Camila Sena Martins
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. cmfortaleza@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Magno Castelo Branco
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fortaleza
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. claudiawitzel@gmail.com.|Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. claudiawitzel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia Lima
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Witzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. monysilveira@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. mfbonesso@hotmail.com.|Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. mfbonesso@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mariana Fávero
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bonesso
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Radiology, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. smarques@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Silvio Alencar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. cunhamlr@ibb.unesp.br.|Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. cunhamlr@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008712:Methicillin