title: Development and Validation of A Scheduled Shifts Staffing (ASSiST) Measure of Unit-Level Staffing in Nursing Homes.
abstract: To (a) describe A Scheduled Shifts Staffing measure (ASSiST) to derive care aide worked hours per resident day (HCA WHRD) at facility and unit levels in nursing homes, (b) report reliability through comparisons to administrative staffing data; (c) report validity by examining associations between HCA WHRD, staff outcomes (job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion), and resident quality indicators (QIs) (e.g. falls, delirium, stage 2+ pressure ulcers), and (d) explore intrafacility variation in staffing intensity levels related to unit-level variation in resident and staff outcomes.
  
  
  
  We used data from 40 care units in 12 Canadian nursing homes between 2007 and 2012. Descriptive statistics and tests of association and difference described relationships of two measures of staffing with resident and staff outcomes.
  
  
  
  Annualized rates of HCA WHRD from both data sources compared well at the facility level (Pearson Product Correlation; R = 0.847, p < .001), and were correlated similarly to staff work life and many QIs. Using ASSiST data, we show that staffing levels can vary by up to 40% at the unit-level within nursing homes.
  
  
  
  ASSiST is easy to collect, more timely to retrieve than administrative data, has good criterion and construct validity, and reflects intrafacility variation in health care aide staffing levels.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Greta G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doupe
authors.affiliation: School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Liane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ginsburg
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.affiliation: University of Calgary, UCMC North Hill, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Estabrooks
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009728:Nursing Assistants / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Administrative datasets; Job satisfaction; Quality indicators; Staffing measure; Worked Hours per Resident Day