title: Organohalogenated contaminants in type 2 diabetic serum from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Most of the organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) have high environmental stability and are lipophilic in nature, thus bioaccumulate through the various routes e.g., inhalation, dermal contact and food intake. Human exposure to these OHCs can induce adverse health effects. Studies on the occurrence of OHCs in human samples from Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed at providing preliminary insight on the occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in diabetic and non-diabetic donors from KSA. Serum samples were collected from type 2 diabetic patients (n = 40) and control donors (n = 20) to study the impact of OHCs on their health. For the first time we studied the difference of ƩOHCs in type 2 diabetic and control participants. The order of obtained results was ƩOCPs (35-650 ng/g lw)> ƩPCBs (15-90 ng/g lw)> ƩPBDEs (1.5-68 ng/g lw). The major contributors were p,p'-DDE (median 44 ng/g lw), PCB 153 (2.3 ng/g lw), PCB 138 (2.1 ng/g lw), BDE 153 (1.2 ng/g lw) and BDE 47 (0.85 ng/g lw). Exposure to different OHCs between male and female donors was not significantly different (p > 0.05). However, ƩPCBs and ƩOHCs were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in diabetic donors than those of control group. We computed significantly positive correlations (p < 0.05) among different OHCs and between OHCs and age factor. The current study highlights the presence of different OHCs in humans from Jeddah, KSA. This is a preliminary study based on small sample size but our results suggested that detailed studies are required to understand the sources of these pollutants and their impact on human health.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: nbahadar@kau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Department, Medical College, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nisreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajeh
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Abualnaja
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Taha A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kumosani
authors.affiliation: Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hussain Mohammed Salem
authors.initials: HMS
authors.lastname: Albar
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSAT Institute of Information & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah
authors.initials: SAMAS
authors.lastname: Eqani
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Iqbal M I
authors.initials: IMI
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010575:Pesticides / Q000097:blood*; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Human serum; Organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs); Saudi Arabia; Type 2 diabetes mellitus