title: Bath thermal waters in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease associated with pain, reduced range of motion, and impaired function. Balneotherapy or bathing in thermal or mineral waters is used as a non-invasive treatment for various rheumatic diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of hot sulfurous and non-sulfurous waters in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, assessor-blind, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A spa resort.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty patients of both genders, mean age of 64.8±8.9 years, with knee osteoarthritis and chronic knee pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized into three groups: the sulfurous water (SW) group (N.=47), non-sulfurous water (NSW) group (N.=50), or control group (N.=43) who received no treatment. Patients were not blinded to treatment allocation. Treatment groups received 30 individual thermal baths (three 20-minute baths a week for 10 weeks) at 37-39 °C. The outcome measures were pain (visual analog scale, VAS), physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC; Lequesne Algofunctional Index, LAFI; Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ), and use of pain medication. Patients were assessed before treatment (T1), at treatment endpoint (T2), and two months post-intervention (T3). Intra- and intergroup comparisons were performed at a significance level of 0.05 (P<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in VAS pain scores (pain during movement, at rest, and at night) and use of pain medication, and improvement in WOMAC, LAFI and HAQ scores were observed from baseline to T2 and T3 within treatment groups (P<0.001), and between controls and both treatment groups at T2 and T3 (P<0.001). No significant differences in these variables were observed between treatment groups at T2, but patients in the SW group reported less pain and better functional status than those in the NSW group at T3, showing a lasting effect of sulfurous water baths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both therapeutic methods were effective in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis; however, sulfurous baths yielded longer-lasting effects than non-sulfurous water baths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baths in thermal waters, especially those in sulfurous waters, are effective in reducing pain and improving physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Campus Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil - mbranco@pucpcaldas.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: Neiva N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rêgo
authors.forename: Paulo H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ingrid E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Archanjo
authors.forename: Mirian C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Virgínia F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Trevisani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001452:Balneology; D001938:Brazil; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011379:Prognosis; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008900:Mineral Waters