title: Novel Immunotherapeutic Avenues for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. It leads to irreversible joint damage, physical handicap, and reduced life expectancy. The past two decades have seen considerable therapeutic advances with the development of biologic treatments to block proinflammatory cytokines or modulate lymphocyte function, followed by the development of small molecules to target intracellular signaling. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients can achieve disease remission, especially long term, warranting further investigation into newer therapeutic options. Targeting single proinflammatory pathways may not be sufficient, as suggested by variable results with T helper (Th)-17-related cytokine blockade. Multilevel information from 'omics' techniques along with data from mechanistic studies might facilitate the identification of pivotal checkpoints in RA disease pathogenesis and the subsequent development of new effective treatments.
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1125, 74, rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité - Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Groupe hospitalier Avicenne - Jean Verdier - René Muret, Service de Rhumatologie, 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93017, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Semerano
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité - Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Groupe hospitalier Avicenne - Jean Verdier - René Muret, Service de Rhumatologie, 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93017, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Emeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minichiello
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1125, 74, rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité - Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bessis
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR 1125, 74, rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité - Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Groupe hospitalier Avicenne - Jean Verdier - René Muret, Service de Rhumatologie, 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93017, Bobigny, France. Electronic address: marie-christophe.boissier@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Christophe
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boissier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines