title: Preclinical analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug usefulness for the simultaneous prevention of steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.
abstract: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently one of the primary liver diseases. Recent studies have shown a clinical relation between NASH and atherosclerosis. There is much interest in these two diseases because they are both associated with great morbidity and mortality. Inflammation and the overexpression of COX-2 participate in the pathophysiology of the two diseases, and therefore simultaneous treatment is feasible. The role of the four NSAIDs, meclofenamate, mefenamate, flufenamate, and aspirin, was analyzed in a mouse model of NASH, as well as preclinical atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Six mouse groups were formed. Five of the groups were fed a high-fat diet for 6 months and one group was fed a standard diet, acting as the normality reference. Of the five groups fed a high-fat diet, four received a NSAID, each of them identified by the specific drug administered. One group received no treatment. Serum markers (cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, and AST) and histologic changes in the aorta and liver were analyzed for the study. Aspirin significantly reduced the hepaticsteatosis. All the drugs significantly reduced the hepatic inflammatory infiltrate. In relation to atherosclerosis, there were significant reductions in all the study variables with the use of aspirin and flufenamate. The four medications were able to stop steatosis from progressing into steatohepatitis by reducing inflammation. However, aspirin was the most beneficial, simultaneously reducing steatosis, atherosclerosis, and serum cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Violeta M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Madrigal-Perez
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Rivera
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandrina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Hernandez
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceja-Espiritu
authors.affiliation: Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services Av. Liceo de Varones 401. Col. La Esperanza, Colima 28000, México.
authors.forename: Xochitl G
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Briseño-Gomez
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of ColimaAv. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico; Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health ServicesAv. Liceo de Varones 401. Col. La Esperanza, Colima 28000, México.
authors.forename: Hector R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Galvan-Salazar
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of ColimaAv. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico; Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health ServicesAv. Liceo de Varones 401. Col. La Esperanza, Colima 28000, México.
authors.forename: Alejandro D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Soriano-Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Hospital General de Zona No1. IMSS Av. De los Maestros 149. Col. Centro. Colima 28000, México.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzman-Esquivel
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Km 6 Carr. Zacatecas-Guadalajara s/n. Ejido La Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico.
authors.forename: Margarita L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martinez-Fierro
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Oscar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Newton-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Bertha A Olmedo
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Buenrostro
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Nuevo Leon Autonomous University Ave. Madero s/n con Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño. Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México.
authors.forename: Iram P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Uriel A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: López-Lemus
authors.affiliation: Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services Av. Liceo de Varones 401. Col. La Esperanza, Colima 28000, México.
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lara-Esqueda
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of ColimaAv. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras. Colima 28030, Mexico; Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health ServicesAv. Liceo de Varones 401. Col. La Esperanza, Colima 28000, México.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Delgado-Enciso
keywords: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; aspirin; atherosclerosis; flufenamate; meclofenamate; mefenamate