title: Characterization of Enhancing MS Lesions by Dynamic Texture Parameter Analysis of Dynamic Susceptibility Perfusion Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate statistical differences with MR perfusion imaging features that reflect the dynamics of Gadolinium-uptake in MS lesions using dynamic texture parameter analysis (DTPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 51 MS lesions (25 enhancing, 26 nonenhancing lesions) of 12 patients. Enhancing lesions (n = 25) were prestratified into enhancing lesions with increased permeability (EL+; n = 11) and enhancing lesions with subtle permeability (EL-; n = 14). Histogram-based feature maps were computed from the raw DSC-image time series and the corresponding texture parameters were analyzed during the inflow, outflow, and reperfusion time intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between EL+ and EL- and between EL+ and nonenhancing inactive lesions (NEL). Main effects between EL+ versus EL- and EL+ versus NEL were observed during reperfusion (mainly in mean and standard deviation (SD): EL+ versus EL- and EL+ versus NEL), while EL- and NEL differed only in their SD during outflow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTPA allows grading enhancing MS lesions according to their perfusion characteristics. Texture parameters of EL- were similar to NEL, while EL+ differed significantly from EL- and NEL. Dynamic texture analysis may thus be further investigated as noninvasive endogenous marker of lesion formation and restoration.
authors.affiliation: Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Tiefenau Hospital, Institute of Radiology, Spital-Netz Bern, 3004 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slotboom
authors.affiliation: Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cäcilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Locher
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mirjam R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Heldner
authors.affiliation: Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weisstanner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abela
authors.affiliation: Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kellner-Weldon
authors.affiliation: Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zbinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kamm
authors.affiliation: Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiest
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium