title: An Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Brief Self-Report Scale to Detect Neurocognitive Impairment Among Participants Enrolled in Methadone Maintenance Therapy.
abstract: The present study examines the factor structure of the existing Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS) through the use of exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The NIS is a brief, self-report measure originally designed to assess neurocognitive impairment (NCI) by having patients rate a range of items that may influence cognitive functioning. Stabilized patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT; N=339) in New Haven, CT who reported drug- or sex-related HIV risk behaviors in the past 6 months were administered the full 95-item NIS. An EFA was then conducted using principal axis factoring and orthogonal varimax rotation. The EFA resulted in retaining 57 items, with a 9-factor solution that explained 54.8% of the overall variance. The revised 9-factor measure--now referred to as the Brief Inventory of Neuro-cognitive Impairment (BINI)--showed a diverse set of factors with excellent to good reliability (i.e., F1 α=0.97 to F9 α=0.73). This EFA suggests the potential utility of using the BINI in the context of addiction treatment. Further research should examine the utility of this tool within other clinical care settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Copenhaver
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Community Medicine & Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA. Electronic address: Roman.Shrestha@UConn.edu.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Centre of Excellence on Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wickersham
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weikum
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Centre of Excellence on Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Altice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone
keywords: Addiction; Exploratory factor analysis; HIV; Methadone maintenance therapy; Neurocognitive impairment; Neuropsychological Impairment Scale