title: Endoscopic Endonasal Management of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 10 Patients with Quality-of-Life Measures.
abstract: Anterior craniofacial resection has served as the traditional surgical treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma (ON). With the development of extended endonasal approaches, the opportunity exists for using minimal access techniques for management of select tumors. This study assesses the impact of endoscopic resection on ON and patient outcomes and quality of life.
  
  
  
  A retrospective review identified 10 patients with ON (3 women, 7 men; mean age 49.1 years) who underwent endoscopic resection during the period 2010-2013. Modified Kadish staging divided the cohort into 3 stage B patients (30%), 5 stage C patients (50%), and 2 stage D patients (20%). Outcome measures included extent of resection, complications, recurrence, and preoperative and postoperative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 scores.
  
  
  
  Gross total resection was achieved in all patients, with negative margins in 9 patients. One patient had negative frozen section pathology but was noted to have a positive posterior dural margin on final pathology. There was a 20% complication rate (pneumocephalus, ethmoid meningoencephalocele). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation were performed in 2 patients (Kadish stage C and D). Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation were performed in 5 patients (4 Kadish stage C and 1 stage D). Postoperative radiation alone was administered in 3 patients (Kadish stage B). Analysis of postoperative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 scores demonstrated no significant change relative to preoperative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 scores. At the most recent follow-up examination, there was no evidence of recurrent disease in patients who underwent endoscopic resection. One patient (Kadish stage D) died during the follow-up period. Mean follow-up duration was 21.1 months.
  
  
  
  This series adds to the growing body of literature that suggests equivalent or improved outcomes of purely endonasal resection for select patients. Given the advanced Kadish stage of most of our patients, longer follow-up is required to determine the full applicability of purely endoscopic approaches to the treatment of ON.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manthuruthil
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. Electronic address: sam.barnett@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Samuel L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Barnett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Endonasal; Endoscopic; Esthesioneuroblastoma; Olfactory neuroblastoma; Skull base