title: Morphology and Differentiation of MG63 Osteoblast Cells on Saliva Contaminated Implant Surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoblasts are the most important cells in the osseointegration process. Despite years of study on dental Implants, limited studies have discussed the effect of saliva on the adhesion process of osteoblasts to implant surfaces. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of saliva on morphology and differentiation of osteoblasts attached to implant surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve Axiom dental implants were divided into two groups. Implants of the case group were placed in containers, containing saliva, for 40 minutes. Then, all the implants were separately stored in a medium containing MG63 human osteoblasts for a week. Cell morphology and differentiation were assessed using a scanning electron microscope and their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined. The t-test was used to compare the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scanning electron microscopic observation of osteoblasts revealed round or square cells with fewer and shorter cellular processes in saliva contaminated samples, whereas elongated, fusiform and well-defined cell processes were seen in the control group. ALP level was significantly lower in case compared to control group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saliva contamination alters osteoblast morphology and differentiation and may subsequently interfere with successful osseointegration. Thus, saliva contamination of bone and implant must be prevented or minimized.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontics, Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics and Implant Research Center, Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics and Implant Research Center, Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadatmansouri
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of National Cell, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonakdar
keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; Dental implants; Osseointegration; Osteoblasts; Saliva