title: Biodegradation of DDT by Stenotrophomonas sp. DDT-1: Characterization and genome functional analysis.
abstract: A novel bacterium capable of utilizing 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from a contaminated soil which was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. DDT-1 based on morphological characteristics, BIOLOG GN2 microplate profile, and 16S rDNA phylogeny. Genome sequencing and functional annotation of the isolate DDT-1 showed a 4,514,569 bp genome size, 66.92% GC content, 4,033 protein-coding genes, and 76 RNA genes including 8 rRNA genes. Totally, 2,807 protein-coding genes were assigned to Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), and 1,601 protein-coding genes were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The degradation half-lives of DDT increased with substrate concentration from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/l, whereas decreased with temperature from 15 °C to 35 °C. Neutral condition was the most favorable for DDT biodegradation. Based on genome annotation of DDT degradation genes and the metabolites detected by GC-MS, a mineralization pathway was proposed for DDT biodegradation in which it was orderly converted into DDE/DDD, DDMU, DDOH, and DDA via dechlorination, hydroxylation, and carboxylation, and ultimately mineralized to carbon dioxide. The results indicate that the isolate DDT-1 is a promising bacterial resource for the removal or detoxification of DDT residues in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Dunli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Yuanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture &Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003634:DDT / Q000378:metabolism*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D010802:Phylogeny; D020588:Stenotrophomonas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003634:DDT