title: Facilitation of facial nerve regeneration using chitosan-β-glycerophosphate-nerve growth factor hydrogel.
abstract: Conclusion C/GP hydrogel was demonstrated to be an ideal drug delivery vehicle and scaffold in the vein conduit. Combined use autologous vein and NGF continuously delivered by C/GP-NGF hydrogel can improve the recovery of facial nerve defects. Objective This study investigated the effects of chitosan-β-glycerophosphate-nerve growth factor (C/GP-NGF) hydrogel combined with autologous vein conduit on the recovery of damaged facial nerve in a rat model. Methods A 5 mm gap in the buccal branch of a rat facial nerve was reconstructed with an autologous vein. Next, C/GP-NGF hydrogel was injected into the vein conduit. In negative control groups, NGF solution or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the vein conduits, respectively. Autologous implantation was used as a positive control group. Vibrissae movement, electrophysiological assessment, and morphological analysis of regenerated nerves were performed to assess nerve regeneration. Results NGF continuously released from C/GP-NGF hydrogel in vitro. The recovery rate of vibrissae movement and the compound muscle action potentials of regenerated facial nerve in the C/GP-NGF group were similar to those in the Auto group, and significantly better than those in the NGF group. Furthermore, larger regenerated axons and thicker myelin sheaths were obtained in the C/GP-NGF group than those in the NGF group.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;|b Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;|b Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;|b Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;
authors.forename: Yuechen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;
authors.forename: YanYan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;|b Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Haiqiong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;|b Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Zhaomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , PR China ;|b Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds; D048271:Chitosan; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D008739:Methyl Green; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D005994:Glycerophosphates; C017768:trichrome stain; D008739:Methyl Green; D048271:Chitosan; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid
keywords: Chitosan-β-glycerophosphate hydrogel; NGF; autologous vein; nerve conduit; nerve regeneration