title: Sex and HIV serostatus differences in decision making under risk among substance-dependent individuals.
abstract: HIV+ individuals with and without substance use disorders make significantly poorer decisions when information about the probability and magnitude of wins and losses is not available. We administered the Game of Dice Task, a measure of decision making under risk that provides this information explicitly, to 92 HIV+ and 134 HIV- substance-dependent men and women. HIV+ participants made significantly poorer decisions than HIV- participants, but this deficit appeared more prominent among HIV+ women. These data indicate that decision making under risk is impaired among HIV+ substance-dependent individuals (SDIs). Potential factors for the HIV+ women's relatively greater impairment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassileva
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.affiliation: e Institute for the Neurological Study of Emotion and Creativity, Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.affiliation: f Department of General Psychology: Cognition , University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: HIV; decision making; drug abuse; executive function; sex differences