title: Effects of chronic exercise on the endocannabinoid system in Wistar rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity.
abstract: The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated during obesity in tissues involved in the control of food intake and energy metabolism. We examined the effect of chronic exercise on the tissue levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and on the expression of genes coding for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) (Cnr1 and Cnr2, respectively) in the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues and in the soleus and extensor digitorim longus (EDL) muscles, in rats fed with standard or high-fat diet. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were placed on high-fat diet or standard diet (HFD and Ctl groups, respectively) during 12 weeks whereafter half of each group was submitted to an exercise training period of 12 weeks (HFD + training and Ctl + training). Tissue levels of eCBs were measured by LC-MS while expressions of genes coding for CB1 and CB2 receptors were investigated by qPCR. High-fat diet induced an increase in anandamide (AEA) levels in soleus and EDL (p < 0.02). In soleus of the HFD group, these changes were accompanied by elevated Cnr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (p < 0.05). In EDL, exercise training allowed to reduce significantly this diet-induced AEA increase (p < 0.005). 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels were decreased and increased by high-fat diet in SAT and EDL, respectively (p < 0.04), but not affected by exercise training. Unlike the HFD + training group, 2-AG levels in soleus were also decreased in the HFD group compared to Ctl (p < 0.04). The levels of eCBs and Cnr1 expression are altered in a tissue-specific manner following a high-fat diet, and chronic exercise reverses some of these alterations.
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France. francois-xavier.gamelin-2@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gamelin
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aucouturier
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italia.
authors.forename: Fabio Arturo
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Iannotti
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italia.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italia.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzarella
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italia.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aveta
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leriche
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cieniewski-Bernard
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montel
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bastide
authors.affiliation: CNR, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italia.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Marzo
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille - EA 7369, URePSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société - Equipe Activité Muscle, Santé, Eurasport, 413 rue Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heyman
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005989:Glycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; C543264:Cnr1 protein, rat; C469526:Cnr2 protein, rat; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005989:Glycerides; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; C033595:N-oleoylethanolamine; C005958:palmidrol; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; C078814:anandamide
keywords: 2-Arachidonyolglycerol; Adipose tissue; Anandamide; CB1 receptor; CB2 receptor; Skeletal muscle