title: Acute and Chronic Ophthalmic Involvement in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. II. Ophthalmic Disease.
abstract: Our purpose is to comprehensively review the state of the art with regard to Stevens- Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), with particular attention to improving the management of associated ocular surface complications. SJS and TEN are two ends of a spectrum of immune-mediated disease, characterized in the acute phase by a febrile illness followed by skin and mucous membrane necrosis and detachment. Part I of this review focused on the systemic aspects of SJS/TEN and was published in the January 2016 issue of this journal. The purpose of Part II is to summarize the ocular manifestations and their management through all phases of SJS/TEN, from acute to chronic. We hope this effort will assist ophthalmologists in their management of SJS/TEN, so that patients with this complex and debilitating disease receive the best possible care and experience the most optimal outcomes in their vision and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohanim
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Sotiria
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palioura
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: Hajirah N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.affiliation: The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Esen K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Akpek
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amescua
authors.affiliation: LV Prasad Eye Institute, India.
authors.forename: Sayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Preston H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Blomquist
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Dart
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaowu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José A P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Darren G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.affiliation: Dr G Sitalakshmi Memorial Clinic for Ocular Surface Disorders, Sankara Nethralaya, India.
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, USA; Boston Foundation for Sight, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: Iason S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Mantagos
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jodhbir S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Victor L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pflugfelder
authors.affiliation: LV Prasad Eye Institute, India.
authors.forename: Virender S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Sangwan
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sippel
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sotozono
authors.affiliation: Dr G Sitalakshmi Memorial Clinic for Ocular Surface Disorders, Sankara Nethralaya, India.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Donald T H
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India.
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, USA.
authors.forename: Scheffer C G
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, USA. Electronic address: James_Chodosh@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chodosh
mesh_terms: D004817:Epidermis; D005128:Eye Diseases; D006801:Humans; D009336:Necrosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012867:Skin; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
keywords: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; amniotic membrane transplantation; apoptosis; drug-induced disease; immune-mediated disease; keratinocyte death; keratoprosthesis; ocular surface reconstruction; toxic epidermal necrolysis