title: PTSD is associated with an increase in aged T cell phenotypes in adults living in Detroit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychosocial stress is thought to play a key role in the acceleration of immunological aging. This study investigated the relationship between lifetime and past-year history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the distribution of T cell phenotypes thought to be characteristic of immunological aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from 85 individuals who participated in the community-based Detroit Neighborhood Health Study. Immune markers assessed included the CD4:CD8 ratio, the ratio of late-differentiated effector (CCR7-CD45RA+CD27-CD28-) to naïve (CCR7+CD45RA+CD27+CD28+) T cells, the percentage of KLRG1-expressing cells, and the percentage of CD57-expressing cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and medication use, we found that past-year PTSD was associated with statistically significant differences in the CD8+ T cell population, including a higher ratio of late-differentiated effector to naïve T cells, a higher percentage of KLRG1+ cells, and a higher percentage of CD57+ cells. The percentage of CD57+ cells in the CD4 subset was also significantly higher and the CD4:CD8 ratio significantly lower among individuals who had experienced past-year PTSD. Lifetime PTSD was also associated with differences in several parameters of immune aging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD is associated with an aged immune phenotype and should be evaluated as a potential catalyzer of accelerated immunological aging in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: aaiello@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Allison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Aiello
authors.affiliation: CUNY School of Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jdowd@hunter.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.affiliation: CUNY School of Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: baminij@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bamini
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jayabalasingham
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: lfeinst@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feinstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. Electronic address: muddin@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: simaneka@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Simanek
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: kaiyi@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Caroline K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: sgalea@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. Electronic address: wildmand@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Derek E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wildman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: kkoenen@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Karestan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koenen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. Electronic address: graham.pawelec@uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pawelec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; Detroit; Immunity; Immunosenescence; Post traumatic stress disorder; T cells