title: Commentary: Not just genes--reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016).
abstract: Mandy and Lai (2015) do the field a service in 'reclaiming' the role of pre- and postnatal environmental influences on the aetiology and course of autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This follows several decades where now discredited theories about putative psychogenic and biological disease models held sway, not least in the public mind. We discuss issues that arise from their review; including the need to identify how large the environmental influences on ASC are likely to be; the specificity of these environmental influences to ASC as opposed to a broader range of neurodevelopmental conditions and outcomes; how best to study complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences; and the promise of novel insights into their mechanisms of action. The review highlights current research that aims to better our understanding of the role of environmental factors in the aetiology and course of ASC and, in the near future, may offer the potential for personalised medicine approaches to intervention based on these discoveries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Charman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Bhismadev
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-7895
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders
keywords: Autism spectrum conditions; aetiology; autism spectrum disorders; environment; genetics; neurodevelopment