title: Changes in Plant Metabolism and Accumulation of Fungal Metabolites in Response to Esca Proper and Apoplexy Expression in the Whole Grapevine.
abstract: Trunk diseases have become among the most important grapevine diseases worldwide. They are caused by fungal pathogens that attack the permanent woody structure of the vines and cause various symptoms in woody and annual organs. This study examined modifications of plant responses in green stem, cordon, and trunk of grapevines expressing Esca proper (E) or apoplexy (A) event, which are the most frequent grapevine trunk disease symptoms observed in Europe. Transcript expression of a set of plant defense- and stress-related genes was monitored by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction while plant phytoalexins and fungal metabolites were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to characterize the interaction between the grapevine and trunk disease agents. Expression of genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and trans-resveratrol content were altered in the three organs of diseased plants, especially in the young tissues of A plants. Pathogenesis-related proteins and the antioxidant system were severely modulated in A plants, which indicates a drastic stress effect. In the meantime, fungal polyketides 6-MSA, (R)-mellein, and (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein, were accumulated in A plants, which suggests their potential effect on plant metabolism during the appearance of foliar symptoms.
authors.affiliation: First, second, fifth, and seventh authors: SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URVVC EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France; third and fourth authors: Université de Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France; and sixth author: Plant Biology Department, University of Fribourg, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maryline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnin-Robert
authors.affiliation: First, second, fifth, and seventh authors: SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URVVC EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France; third and fourth authors: Université de Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France; and sixth author: Plant Biology Department, University of Fribourg, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spagnolo
authors.affiliation: First, second, fifth, and seventh authors: SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URVVC EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France; third and fourth authors: Université de Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France; and sixth author: Plant Biology Department, University of Fribourg, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.affiliation: First, second, fifth, and seventh authors: SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URVVC EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France; third and fourth authors: Université de Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France; and sixth author: Plant Biology Department, University of Fribourg, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joyeux
authors.affiliation: First, second, fifth, and seventh authors: SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URVVC EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France; third and fourth authors: Université de Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France; and sixth author: Plant Biology Department, University of Fribourg, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.affiliation: First, second, fifth, and seventh authors: SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URVVC EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France; third and fourth authors: Université de Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France; and sixth author: Plant Biology Department, University of Fribourg, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abou-Mansour
authors.affiliation: First, second, fifth, and seventh authors: SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URVVC EA 4707, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France; third and fourth authors: Université de Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France; and sixth author: Plant Biology Department, University of Fribourg, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fontaine
mesh_terms: D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000382:microbiology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D000094162:Phytoalexins
keywords: Chardonnay; black streaked wood; fungal metabolites; phenolic compounds; trunk diseases