title: Muscle timing in injured and non-injured leg of athletes with chronic ankle instability in response to a visual stimulus during forward jumping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate premotor time, motor time and reaction time of the injured and non-injured leg muscles of athletes with chronic ankle instability in response to a visual stimulus during forward jumping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface electromyography was performed on injured and non-injured leg of eight athletes with chronic ankle instability during forward jumping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that premotor time of the peroneus longus was significantly longer in non-injured leg compared with injured leg (489.37 ± 220.22 ms vs. 306.46 ± 142.92 ms, P = 0.031); on the contrary, motor time of the peroneus longus was significantly shorter in non-injured leg compared with injured leg (569.04 ± 318.62 ms vs. 715.12 ± 328.72 ms, P = 0.022). No significant difference was noted in the timing of other calf muscles (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of this study, rehabilitation protocols, regarding ankle instability, need to put greater emphasis on tasks that require proper timing of muscles and muscle re-education so that protocols could reduce residual symptoms after sprain and prevent recurrent sprains.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: s-fereydounnia@razi.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fereydounnia
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: shadmehr@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shadmehr
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: talebian@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talebian Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: olyaeigh@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olyaei
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: jalaeish@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalaie
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: a-tahmasebi@razi.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahmasebi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056352:Athletes; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic ankle instability; Forward jump; Motor control strategies; Visual stimulus