title: Effect of Coloring-by-Dipping on Microtensile Bond Strength of Zirconia to Resin Cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies on the effect of coloring procedures on the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement are lacking in the literature. This study evaluated the effect of dipping of zirconia ceramic in different liquid color shades on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of zirconia ceramic to resin cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  This in vitro study was conducted on 100 microbar specimens divided into five groups of B2, C1, D4, A3 and control (not colored). To prepare the microbars, 20 white zirconia ceramic blocks, measuring 5×11×11 mm, were dipped in A3, B2, C1 or D4 liquid color shades for 10 seconds (five blocks for each color shade) and five blocks were not colored as controls. All the zirconia blocks were sintered in a sintering furnace. Composite blocks of similar dimensions were fabricated and bonded to zirconia ceramic blocks using Panavia F 2.0 resin cement. Zirconia-cement-composite blocks were sectioned into microbars measuring 1×1×10 mm. The MTBS of microbars was measured by a testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. All tests were carried out at 0.05 level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were found among the groups in MTBS (P<0.001). The D4 group had the highest MTBS value (39.16 ± 6.52 MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dipping affected the MTBS of zirconia ceramic to Panavia F 2.0 resin cement; however, a similar pattern of change was not seen due to the different liquid color shades.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Minoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahshid
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berijani
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Jalil
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sadr
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tabatabaian
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Sepide Sorour
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Homayoon
keywords: Prosthesis coloring; Resin Cements; Yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia