title: Self-Monitoring Using Continuous Glucose Monitors with Real-Time Feedback Improves Exercise Adherence in Individuals with Impaired Blood Glucose: A Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise helps individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D) manage their blood glucose (BG); however, exercise adherence in this population is dismal. In this pilot study we tested the efficacy of a self-monitoring group-based intervention using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) at increasing exercise adherence in individuals with impaired BG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen participants with prediabetes or T2D were randomized to an 8-week standard care exercise program (CON condition) (n = 7) or self-monitoring exercise intervention (SM condition) (n = 6). Participants in the SM condition were taught how to self-monitor their exercise and BG, to goal set, and to use CGM to observe how exercise influences BG. We hypothesized that compared with the CON condition, using a real-time CGM would facilitate self-monitoring behavior, resulting in increased exercise adherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant Condition × Time interactions for self-monitoring (P < 0.01), goal setting (P = 0.01), and self-efficacy to self-monitor (P = 0.01), such that the SM condition showed greater increases in these outcomes immediately after the program and at the 1-month follow-up compared with the CON condition. The SM condition had higher program attendance rates (P = 0.03), and a greater proportion of participants reregistered for additional exercise programs (P = 0.048) compared with the CON condition. Participants in both conditions experienced improvements in health-related quality of life, waist circumference, and fitness (P values <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide promising initial support for the use of a real-time CGM to foster self-monitoring and exercise behavior in individuals living with prediabetes or T2D.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada .
authors.forename: Kaitlyn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada .
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada .
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001955:British Columbia; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006040:Goals; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010809:Physical Fitness; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose