title: Synthesis-Dependent Surface Defects and Morphology of Hematite Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Cytotoxicity in Vitro.
abstract: In this study, we investigate the toxicity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles on the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. The oxide particles have been synthesized through two different methods and annealing conditions. These two methods, spray precipitation and precipitation, resulted in particles with rod-like and spherical morphology and feature different particle sizes, surface features, and magnetic properties. Through flow cytometry it was found that particle morphology heavily influences the degree to which the nanomaterials are internalized into the cells. It was also found that the ability of the nanoparticles to generate free radicals species is hindered by the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated maghemite-like (γ-Fe2O3) spinel defects on the surfaces of the particles. The combination of these two factors resulted in variable cytotoxic effects of the hematite nanoparticles synthesized with different conditions. This article highlights the importance on the fabrication method, materials properties, and surface characteristics on the cytotoxicity of hematite nanomaterials.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cardillo
authors.forename: Moeava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tehei
authors.forename: Md Shahriar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Md Monirul
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bogusz
authors.forename: Dongqi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.forename: Anatoly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corde
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konstantinov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010316:Particle Size; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: cytotoxicity; hematite nanoparticles; in vitro; precipitation; reactive oxygen species; spray precipitation; surface defects; synthesis