title: Cigarette smoke extract induces the proliferation of normal human urothelial cells through the NF-κB pathway.
abstract: Bladder cancer is a common genitourinary malignant disease worldwide. Convincing evidence shows that cigarette smoke (CS) is a crucial risk factor for bladder cancer, yet the role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the development of CS-associated bladder cancer has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced proliferation and triggered the transition of normal human urothelial cells from G1 to S phase. Moreover, CSE exposure enhanced the expression of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and decreased the expression of p21 in SV-HUC-1 cells. Furthermore, the levels of nuclear NF-κB p65/p50 were significantly elevated by CSE. Pre-treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) reversed CSE-triggered cell proliferation. Taken together, our study revealed that CSE induced proliferation of normal human urothelial cells through the NF-κB pathway, and these data enhance our understanding of the CSE-related carcinogenesis of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qi-Fei
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: De-Xin
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cai-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid