title: Evaluation of Safety of Iron-Fortified Soybean Sprouts, a Potential Component of Functional Food, in Rat.
abstract: Ferritin-iron is currently considered as one of the most promising iron forms to prevent iron deficiency anaemia. We found that the cultivation of soybean seeds in a solution of ferrous sulfate results in material with extremely high iron content - 560.6 mg Fe/100 g of dry matter, while ferritin iron content was 420.5 mg/100 g dry matter. To assess the potential adverse effects of a preparation containing such a high concentration of iron, male and female Wistar rats were exposed via diet to 10, 30, 60 g soybean sprouts powder/kg feed for 90 days. There were no differences in final body weight and mean food consumption between controls and rats administered sprouts. No statistically significant differences in haematology and clinical chemistry parameters were found between controls and treated rats. Microscopic examination of 22 tissues did not reveal any pathology due to soybean sprouts intake. Long term administration of the test material did not cause oxidative damage to DNA and protein in the liver as evidenced by the unchanged basal levels of DNA damage as well as carbonyl groups content. Lipid peroxidation was slightly increased only in females. The activity of several antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase was increased, which substantially enhanced the antioxidant status in the liver from the rats treated with soybean sprouts. Hence, the material tested can be recommended as a component of food supplements for individuals with iron deficiency anaemia and inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kujawska
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ewertowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ignatowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adamska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcicki Str., 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Szaefer
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Mazowiecka Str., 60-623, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zielińska-Dawidziak
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Mazowiecka Str., 60-623, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piasecka-Kwiatkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631, Poznań, Poland. liebert@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jodynis-Liebert
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D055951:Functional Food / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011208:Powders / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D011208:Powders; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Clinical chemistry; Ferritin; Haematology; Soybean sprouts