title: Intimate partner violence among married couples in India and contraceptive use reported by women but not husbands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with discordant reports of contraceptive use (whereby wives but not husbands report such use) among married couples in Maharashtra, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present cross-sectional study in rural Maharashtra, India, analyzed survey data collected in 2012 among husbands and wives aged 18-30 years, fluent in Marathi, with no prior sterilization, and with no current pregnancy or plans to conceive. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models assessed husbands' perpetration of IPV in relation to discordant reports of contraceptive use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 577 couples meeting the eligibility criteria, 207 (35.9%) women reported ever experiencing physical IPV from their husbands, and 183 (31.7%) reported ever experiencing sexual IPV from their husbands. In adjusted logistic regression models, discordant contraceptive use was significantly associated with wives' experiences of physical IPV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-4.42) and sexual IPV (AOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.08-4.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who reported IPV from their husbands might be more likely to use contraceptives without informing their husbands, possibly to redress the reproductive control often exerted by abusive male partners.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: e2reed@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Population Council, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saggurti
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Balaiah
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Donta
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anindita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghule
authors.affiliation: Population Council, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Madhusudana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battala
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Saritha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jay G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Prajakta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palaye
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Clinical Addiction Research and Education, Section of General, Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018454:Spouses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Contraception; Intimate partner violence; Reproductive health