title: [Basic Characteristics of Simplex Reinforcing and Reducing Manipulations of Filiform Acupuncture Needle in Clinical Practice Based upon Data Mining].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the regularities and features of clinical application of simplex reinforcing or reducing manipulation of filiform acupuncture needles by data mining in order to guide clinical decision in a better way.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database about simplex reinforcing and reducing manipulations of filiform acupuncture needle was established first after collection, sorting, screening, type-in, and collation of the related papers, academic dissertations and theses of academic conferences published from January 1st of 1950 to January 31 of 2015 by using key word "acupuncture" "acupuncture and moxibustion" "needle manipulation" and "filiform needle" from database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, a full-text database of Chinese journals), followed by data extraction and statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1 304 articles were found to meet the standards formulated in the present study. Among them, 800 papers belong to the internal medicine covering apoplectic sequelae (153 papers), apoplexy (52), headache (63) and insomnia (60), 271 to surgery involving soft tissue injury (63) and backleg pain (46); 93 to five-sense-organs involving nasosinusitis (14), 64 gynecology involving dysmenorrhea (13), 41 to dematology involving struma (20), and 35 to pediatrics covering five kinds of tardy growth and five flaccid syndromes(8). These 1 304 papers contain 2 542 of simplex reinforcing and reducing manipulations, including 895 of twirling-thrusting reducing, 611 of twirling-rotating reinforcing, 571 of lifting-thrusting reducing, 303 of lifting-thrusting reinforcing, 32 of reinforcing and 32 of reducing in cooperation wihpatients' respiration, 23 open-close reducing, 12 open-close reinforcing, 21 reducing and 16 of reinforcing achieved by inserting the needle along or against the meridian, 14 rapid-slow reinforcing, and 12 rapid-slow reducing. Regarding the acupoint selection, distal and local acupoints are most frequently used, followed by symptoms-determined and syndrome-determined, respectively. The acupuncture needle retained time was from 0 min to 45 mn, and the therapeutic effect was relatively better for post-stroke. The totally therapeutic effects of the simplex reinforcing and reducing manipulations were 96.07% for problems of demotology, 94.19% for gynecology, 96. 58% for surgery, 92.85% for pediatrics, 91.78% for five-sense organs and 93. 70% for internal medicine, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simplex reinforcing and reducing manipulations of acupuncture has a definite effect in the treatment of different problems particularly in the internal medicine and surgery. Often, the twirling-rotating and lifting-thrusting reinforcing and reducing manipulations of acupuncture are employed in clinical practice.
authors.forename: June-lei
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chun-sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jian-ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing-qing
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xin-xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Zhan-na
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Bo-ying
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yan-hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xuan-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-zhu
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D057225:Data Mining; D006801:Humans; D016740:Meridians; D009339:Needles