title: Chitosan-phenylalanine-mPEG nanoparticles: From a single step water-based conjugation to the potential allergen delivery system.
abstract: The chemical modification to obtain biocompatible chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for the application in biological system is still on expectation. By simply mixing CS with hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), the CS aqueous solution obtained allows a successful single step conjugation of both hydrophobic biomolecules, i.e. phenylalanine (Phe), and hydrophilic polymers, i.e. poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG), on CS, in water at room temperature. The CS-Phe-mPEG nanoparticles (20-50nm) exhibit positive charge leading to an entrapment of negatively charged house dust mite allergen (HDM) extract (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). The HDM-entrapped CS-Phe-mPEG shows biocompatibility as evidenced from the cell viability, the ROS (reactive oxygen species) reduction, and the HaCaTs proliferation. The clinical implementation on the healthy- and HDM-allergic volunteers indicates that the HDM-entrapped CS-Phe-mPEG stimulates cell-mediated immune response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and favors T cell immune response as seen from the reduction of interferon-(IFN)-γ and interleukin-(IL)-10 in the PBMCs of the HDM-allergic volunteers.
authors.affiliation: The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jatesuda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jirawutthiwongchai
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
authors.forename: I-Yanut
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Klaharn
authors.affiliation: National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Patumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nattapat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hobang
authors.affiliation: National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Patumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Katanchalee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mai-Ngam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jettanong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klaewsongkram
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand. Electronic address: amornpan.s@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Amornpun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sereemaspun
authors.affiliation: The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Innovation Nanomaterial, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand; Center for Petroleum and Petrochemical, and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand. Electronic address: csuwabun@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Suwabun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chirachanchai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016753:Interleukin-10; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010649:Phenylalanine; C028210:monomethoxypolyethylene glycol; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles; House dust mite allergen delivery system; Immunogenicity; Single step conjugation; Water-based system