title: Women in community corrections in New York City: HIV infection and risks.
abstract: Although the incidence of HIV among women on probation, parole and alternatives to incarceration programs is significant to public health, drivers of this concentrated epidemic among women under community corrections remain understudied. This study examined prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections and the associations between substance use, socio-demographic factors and the prevalence of biologically-confirmed HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among a sample of 337 substance-using women recruited from community correction sites in New York City. Prevalence of HIV was 13% and sexually transmitted infections was 26% ( Chlamydia, trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea). After adjusting for covariates, HIV-positive women were 1.42 times more likely to use crack/cocaine than HIV-negative women (95% CI = 1.05-1.92). HIV-positive women were 25% less likely than HIV-negative women to report any unprotected vaginal and anal sex with their main partner (95% CI = 0.57-0.99). They were 70% less likely than HIV-negative women to report unprotected vaginal sex with a non-paying casual partner (95% CI = 0.1-0.9) and 22% less likely to report unprotected vaginal sex across all partners (95% CI = 0.61-0.99). Community corrections settings may be optimal venues to launch HIV/sexually transmitted infections prevention that have potential to reach and engage an ever-growing number of substance-using women.
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Bassel
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Mingway
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goddard-Eckrich
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: 2 The New York City Department of Probation, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sharun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.affiliation: 3 Bronx Community Solutions, Center for Court Innovation, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almonte
authors.affiliation: 1 Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; community supervision; sexually transmitted infections; women’s health