title: Impact of preoperative Vitamin D3 administration on postoperative hypocalcaemia in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (HypoCalViD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total thyroidectomy is increasingly used as a surgical approach for many thyroid conditions. Subsequently, postoperative hypocalcaemia is observed with increasing frequency, often resulting in prolonged hospital stay, increased use of resources, reduced quality of life and delayed return to work. The administration of vitamin D is essential in the therapy of postoperative hypocalcaemia; calcitriol is most commonly used. What has not been examined so far is whether and how routine preoperative vitamin D prophylaxis using calcitriol can help to prevent postoperative hypocalcaemia. This study evaluates routine preoperative calcitriol prophylaxis for all patients who are to undergo a total thyroidectomy, compared with the current standard of post-treatment, i.e., selective vitamin D treatment for patients with postoperative hypocalcaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical observational (minimal interventional clinical trial) trial is a multicentre, prospective, randomized superiority trial with an adaptive design. Datasets will be pseudonymized for analysis. Patients will be randomly allocated (1:1) to the intervention and the control groups. The only intervention is 0.5 μg calcitriol orally twice a day for 3 days prior to surgery. For the primary endpoint measure (number of patients with hypocalcaemia), hypocalcaemia is defined as serum calcium of less than 2.1 mmol/l on any day during the postoperative course; this measure will be analyzed using a Chi-square test comparing the two groups. Secondary endpoint measures, such as number of days to discharge, quality of life, and economic parameters will also be analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By virtue of the direct comparison of clinically and economically relevant endpoints, the efficacy as well as efficiency of preoperative calcitriol prophylaxis of hypocalcaemia will be clarified. These results should be available 24 months after the first patient has been enrolled. The results will be used to inform a revised practice parameter guideline of whether or not to recommend preoperative calcitriol for all patients in whom total thyroidectomy is planned.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, DRKS00005615 (Feb.12.2016).
authors.affiliation: Sana-Klinikum Offenbach, Chirurgische Klinik, Starkenburgring 66, 63069, Offenbach am Main, Germany. steffi.wolak@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolak
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Fachbereich Zahnmedizin, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. mandy.scheunchen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheunchen
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. Katharina.holzer@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.affiliation: Diakonie-Klinikum Stuttgart, Klinik für Endokrine Chirurgie, Endokrines Zentrum Stuttgart, Rosenbergstrasse 38, 70176, Stuttgart, Germany. buschm@diak-stuttgart.de.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.affiliation: Diakonie-Klinikum Stuttgart, Klinik für Endokrine Chirurgie, Endokrines Zentrum Stuttgart, Rosenbergstrasse 38, 70176, Stuttgart, Germany. trumpf@diak-stuttgart.de.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trumpf
authors.affiliation: Diakonie-Klinikum Stuttgart, Klinik für Endokrine Chirurgie, Endokrines Zentrum Stuttgart, Rosenbergstrasse 38, 70176, Stuttgart, Germany. andreas.zielke@diak-stuttgart.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zielke
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005858:Germany; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002117:Calcitriol; D002118:Calcium