title: Exposure to electromagnetic field attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced microglial cell death by reducing intracellular Ca(2+) and ROS.
abstract: Purpose The aim of this research was to demonstrate the protective effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on the human microglial cell line, HMO6, against ischemic cell death induced by in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Materials and methods HMO6 cells were cultured for 4 h under OGD with or without exposure to EMF with different combinations of frequencies and intensities (10, 50, or 100 Hz/1 mT and 50 Hz/0.01, 0.1, or 1 mT). Cell survival, intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. Results OGD caused significant HMO6 cell death as well as elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) and ROS levels. Among different combinations of EMF frequencies and intensities, 50 Hz/1 mT EMF was the most potent to attenuate OGD-induced cell death and intracellular Ca(2+) and ROS levels. A significant but less potent protective effect was also found at 10 Hz/1 mT, whereas no protective effect was found at other combinations of EMF. A xanthine oxidase inhibitor reversed OGD-induced ROS production and cell death, while NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial respiration chain complex II inhibitors did not affect cell death. Conclusions 50 Hz/1 mT EMF protects human microglial cells from OGD-induced cell death by interfering with OGD-induced elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) and ROS levels, and xanthine oxidase is one of the main mediators involved in OGD-induced HMO6 cell death. Non-invasive treatment of EMF radiation may be clinically useful to attenuate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Science , Gachon University , Seongnam , Kyeonggi-Do , Korea.
authors.forename: Cao Nguyen
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Science , Gachon University , Seongnam , Kyeonggi-Do , Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011312:Pressure; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Ca2+; Electromagnetic field; HMO6; ischemic injury; microglia; reactive oxygen species