title: Protection against oxidative stress by vitamin D in cone cells.
abstract: Photoreceptor degeneration (PD) refers to a group of heterogeneous outer retinal dystrophies characterized by the death of photoreceptors. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. We investigate whether vitamin D has a potential for the treatment of PD by evaluating the anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory properties of the active form of vitamin D3 , 1,α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 , in a mouse cone cell line, 661W. Mouse cone cells were treated with H2 O2 or a mixture of H2 O2 and vitamin D; cell viability was determined. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in treated and untreated cells was measured. The expression of key anti-oxidative stress and inflammatory genes in treated and untreated cells was determined. Treatment with vitamin D significantly increased cell viability and decreased ROS production in 661W cells under oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 . H2 O2 treatment in 661W cells can significantly down-regulate the expression of antioxidant genes and up-regulate the expression of neurotoxic cytokines. Vitamin D treatment significantly reversed these effects and restored the expression of antioxidant genes. Vitamin D treatment also can block H2 O2 induced oxidative damages. The data suggested that vitamin D may offer a therapeutic potential for patients with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.|King Fahad Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tohari
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Xinzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: cone cells; cytokines; oxidative stress; photoreceptor cell death; retina; vitamin D