title: Effectiveness of Program Modification Strategies of the Diabetes Prevention Program: A Systematic Review.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of commonly used program modifications classified under cultural adaptation and program translational strategies for the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) in terms of risk reduction for type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Authors extracted data about weight, body mass index (BMI), and 5 areas of program modification strategies from 28 interventions and analyzed them in SPSS software. Bivariate analyses examined the odds of achieving a significant reduction in outcomes by each modification of the DPP and by presence of a maintenance component, as well as the mean reduction of weight and BMI by more versus fewer modifications and by the presence of a maintenance component.
  
  
  
  There were no statistically significant differences in achieving a significant reduction in weight or BMI by any type of modification or by the presence of a maintenance component. Programs with fewer modifications reported significantly greater reduction in mean weight at 12 months postintervention and the furthest time point extracted. Programs with a maintenance component achieved significantly greater reduction in mean weight measured at the furthest time point extracted.
  
  
  
  The DPP appears to be programmatically robust to a variety of cultural adaptation and translational strategies. Potentially cost-saving modifications do not seem to reduce effectiveness, which should encourage implementation on a broader scale. Program planners should, however, make efforts to include maintenance components because they appear to significantly reduce risk for acquiring type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Neamah, Dr Sebert Kuhlmann)
authors.forename: Hind H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Neamah
authors.affiliation: Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Neamah, Dr Sebert Kuhlmann)|Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Sebert Kuhlmann)
authors.forename: Anne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sebert Kuhlmann
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Tabak)
authors.forename: Rachel G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tabak
mesh_terms: D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000379:methods; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior