title: Lactose-Functionalized Gold Nanorods for Sensitive and Rapid Serological Diagnosis of Cancer.
abstract: Timely and accurate diagnosis of cancer is crucial to cancer treatment. However, serological diagnosis of cancer still faces great challenge because the conventional methodology based on the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) is costly, time-consuming, and complicated, involving multiple steps. Herein, lactose-functionalized gold nanorods (Lac-GNRs) are fabricated as efficient biosensors to detect cancerous conditions based on the unique surface plasmon resonance properties of GNRs and high specificity of lactose to the galectin-1 cancer biomarker. A trace concentration of galectin-1 as small as 10(-13) M can be detected by Lac-GNRs. The comparative study among BSA, galectin-3, and galectin-1 demonstrates the good specificity of Lac-GNRs to galectin-1 either in aqueous solutions or in the complex and heterogeneous serum specimens. Clinical tests show that the Lac-GNRs biosensors can readily distinguish the serums of cancer patients from those of healthy persons simply by using a microplate reader or even direct visual observation. The Lac-GNRs biosensing platform is highly efficient and easy to use and have great potential in rapid screening of cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yuetao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.|Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Haobo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen People's Hospital/Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University , Shenzhen 518020, China.
authors.forename: Weihao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen People's Hospital/Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University , Shenzhen 518020, China.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhongjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Huaiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D037483:Galectin 1; D006046:Gold; D007785:Lactose
keywords: galectin-1; gold nanorods; lactose-surface-functionalization; serological diagnosis; surface plasmon resonance