title: Hypertension Undermines Mineralization-inducing Capacity of and Tissue Response to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Endodontic Cement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the effect of hypertension on tissue response to and mineralization capacity of white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Angelus Industry Ontological Products, Londrina, Brazil), an endodontic reparative cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polyethylene tubes containing gray MTA, white MTA, or intermediate restorative material (positive control) or an empty tube (negative control) were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of spontaneous hypertensive and Wistar rats (n = 12 each). Six rats in each group were sacrificed after 7 days, and the remainder after 30 days. Tubes with surrounding tissue were removed, and a histologic analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and von Kossa staining and examination by polarized light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inflammatory response to all materials was greater in hypertensive compared with normotensive rats (P < .05). Positive von Kossa staining and birefringent structures in polarized light were observed for both gray and white MTA (P > .05), but these were more pronounced in normotensive rats (P < .05). Necrotic areas with positive von Kossa staining were observed for intermediate restorative material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension undermines tissue repair and mineralization, which can negatively affect treatment outcome. Nonetheless, mineralization in response to MTA was observed even under hypertensive conditions.
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, Endodontic Area, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christine Men
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, Endodontic Area, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: joao@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: João Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gomes-Filho
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, Endodontic Area, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Índia Olinta
authors.initials: ÍO
authors.lastname: de Azevedo Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, Endodontic Area, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ervolino
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, Endodontic Area, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Tavares Angelo
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cintra
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D014074:Tooth Calcification / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcification; hypertension; periapical diseases