title: The Importance of Intestinal Eotaxin-1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights and Possible Therapeutic Implications.
abstract: Involvement of eotaxin-1 in inflammatory bowel disease has been previously suggested and increased levels of eotaxin-1 have been described in both ulcerative colitis and in Crohn's disease. The association between serum levels of eotaxin-1 and that within the colonic mucosa has not been well defined, as is the potential therapeutic value of targeting eotaxin-1.
  
  
  
  To characterize serum and intestinal wall eotaxin-1 levels in various inflammatory bowel disease patients and to explore the effect of targeting eotaxin-1 by specific antibodies in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model.
  
  
  
  Eotaxin-1 levels were measured in colonic biopsies and in the sera of 60 ulcerative colitis patients, Crohn's disease patients and healthy controls. We also followed in experimental colitis the effect of targeting eotaxin-1 by a monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  
  Colon eotaxin-1 levels were significantly increased in active but not in quiescent ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients compared to healthy controls. Levels of eotaxin-1 in the colon were correlated with eosinophilia only in tissues from active Crohn's disease patients. Our results did not show any statistically significant change in serum eotaxin-1 levels among ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy controls. Moreover, we demonstrate that in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, targeting of eotaxin-1 with 2 injections of anti eotaxin-1 monoclonal antibody ameliorates disease activity along with decreasing colon weight and improving histologic inflammation.
  
  
  
  Eotaxin-1 is increasingly recognized as a major mediator of intestinal inflammation. Our preliminary human and animal results further emphasize the value of targeting eotaxin-1 in inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel. adartom@szmc.org.il.
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adar
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shteingart
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben-Ya'acov
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariella Bar-Gill
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shitrit
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Dan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Livovsky
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Shimrit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shmorak
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Mahmud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahamid
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melamud
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vernea
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, 12 Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016264:Dextran Sulfate
keywords: Eotaxin-1; Experimental colitis; Immune system; Inflammatory bowel disease