title: Intranasal Insulin Prevents Anesthesia-Induced Spatial Learning and Memory Deficit in Mice.
abstract: Elderly individuals are at increased risk of cognitive decline after anesthesia. General anesthesia is believed to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, there is no treatment that can prevent anesthesia-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Here, we treated mice with daily intranasal administration of insulin (1.75 U/day) for one week before anesthesia induced by intraperitoneal injection of propofol and maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane for 1 hr. We found that the insulin treatment prevented anesthesia-induced deficit in spatial learning and memory, as measured by Morris water maze task during 1-5 days after exposure to anesthesia. The insulin treatment also attenuated anesthesia-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau and promoted the expression of synaptic proteins and insulin signaling in the brain. These findings show a therapeutic potential of intranasal administration of insulin before surgery to reduce the risk of anesthesia-induced cognitive decline and AD.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.|Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yongli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chun-ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States of America.|Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yanxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States of America.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.|Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States of America.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.|Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States of America.
authors.forename: Cheng-Xin
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D065853:Spatial Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D016875:tau Proteins