title: PDD-5S: A useful screening tool for Parkinson's disease dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) contributes to poor quality of life and increases the mortality risk. Early detection and diagnosis of PDD are essential for clinical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), who underwent clinical assessments and neuropsychological tests, at 12 teaching hospitals in Taiwan. Probable PDD was diagnosed according to the Movement Disorder Society Task Force clinical criteria. Using binary logistic regression, we selected significant items from an original 30-item informant questionnaire. We utilized these items, along with a simple cognitive test, to discriminate between PDD and nondemented PD (PD-ND).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 265 PD patients (156 men, 109 women, mean age 71.9 ± 9.1 years), 102 and 163 patients were diagnosed with probable PDD and PD-ND, respectively. The mean education of participants was 8.8 ± 5.3 years, and the mean disease duration was 5.5 ± 5.4 years. When the patients fulfilled either of the following criteria: (1) a score ≥ 3 for the five endorsed screening questions, (2) a score of 1-2 for the five above screening questions combined with a score ≤ 10 items for category verbal fluency, the sensitivity and specificity of the PDD screening tool were 80.4% and 80.4%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.804. We tested this screening tool in another 137 unrelated PD patients and the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 77.4%, 96.4%, and 0.869, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The "PDD-5S" is a brief and useful screening tool for PDD.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shey-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jie-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shung Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chushang Show-Chwan Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chung-Shan University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Juei-Jueng
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Giia-Sheun
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsu-Kung
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shuu-Jiun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Rou-Shayn
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of and Master's Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Medical College, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chon-Haw
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jung-Lung
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Pin
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: jlfuh@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Jong-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fuh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Parkinson's disease with dementia; Screening