title: An integrated approach for assessing the bioreceptivity of glazed tiles to phototrophic microorganisms.
abstract: A laboratory-based methodology was designed to assess the bioreceptivity of glazed tiles. The experimental set-up consisted of multiple steps: manufacturing of pristine and artificially aged glazed tiles, enrichment of phototrophic microorganisms, inoculation of phototrophs on glazed tiles, incubation under optimal conditions and quantification of biomass. In addition, tile intrinsic properties were assessed to determine which material properties contributed to tile bioreceptivity. Biofilm growth and biomass were appraised by digital image analysis, colorimetry and chlorophyll a analysis. SEM, micro-Raman and micro-particle induced X-ray emission analyses were carried out to investigate the biodeteriorating potential of phototrophic microorganisms on the glazed tiles. This practical and multidisciplinary approach showed that the accelerated colonization conditions allowed different types of tile bioreceptivity to be distinguished and to be related to precise characteristics of the material. Aged tiles showed higher bioreceptivity than pristine tiles due to their higher capillarity and permeability. Moreover, biophysical deterioration caused by chasmoendolithic growth was observed on colonized tile surfaces.
authors.affiliation: a LAQV/Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Monte de Caparica , Portugal.|b Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Monte de Caparica , Portugal.|c VICARTE, Research Unit Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Monte de Caparica , Portugal.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: d Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: d Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rogerio-Candelera
authors.affiliation: e Laboratório HÉRCULES , Universidade de Évora , Évora , Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mirão
authors.affiliation: f C2TN/Instituto Superior Técnico , Universidade de Lisboa , Loures , Portugal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cerqueira Alves
authors.affiliation: g CENIMAT/I3 N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.affiliation: g CENIMAT/I3 N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Águas
authors.affiliation: h Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) , Lisbon , Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: g CENIMAT/I3 N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyubchyk
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Monte de Caparica , Portugal.|c VICARTE, Research Unit Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Monte de Caparica , Portugal.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Macedo
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D052817:Phototrophic Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: Glazed tiles; biodeterioration; bioreceptivity; ceramic; phototrophic microorganisms