title: The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The serum IL-17A:IL-17E ratio has previously been demonstrated to be a clinical marker of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the serum IL-17A:IL-17E ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty chronic periodontitis patients completed this study and received periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root planing plus ultrasonic debridement. Clinical data were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks (R1) after treatment completion (full-mouth or quadrant-scaling and root planing) and 25 weeks after baseline (R2). Serum samples were taken at each time point and cytokines concentrations determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following treatment, statistically significant reductions were noted in clinical parameters. However, IL-17A and IL-17E concentrations were significantly greater than baseline values before- and after-adjusting for smoking. The IL-17A:IL-17E ratio was lower at R1 and R2. Serum IL-6 and TNF levels were significantly lower at R1 only. Also exclusively at R1, serum IL-17A and IL-17E correlated positively with clinical parameters, while the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio correlated negatively with probing pocket depth and clinical attachment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased serum IL-17E and a reduced IL-17A:IL-17E ratio may be indicative and/or a consequence of periodontal therapy. Therefore, the role of IL-17E in periodontal disease progression and the healing process is worthy of further investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-17E may be a valuable biomarker to monitor the healing process following periodontal treatment as increased IL-17E levels and a reduced IL-17A:IL-17E ratio could reflect clinical improvements post-therapy. Therefore, monitoring serum IL-17E might be useful to identify individuals who require additional periodontal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Research Group, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Nile
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Apatzidou
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Research Group, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.|School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Awang
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Research Group, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Riggio
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kinane
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Research Group, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK. david.lappin@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Lappin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy*; D003646:Debridement; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016745:Root Planing
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508717:IL17A protein, human; C486701:IL25 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17
keywords: IL-17; IL-25; Periodontitis; Smoking; Therapy