title: Logic Gate Operation by DNA Translocation through Biological Nanopores.
abstract: Logical operations using biological molecules, such as DNA computing or programmable diagnosis using DNA, have recently received attention. Challenges remain with respect to the development of such systems, including label-free output detection and the rapidity of operation. Here, we propose integration of biological nanopores with DNA molecules for development of a logical operating system. We configured outputs "1" and "0" as single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that is or is not translocated through a nanopore; unlabeled DNA was detected electrically. A negative-AND (NAND) operation was successfully conducted within approximately 10 min, which is rapid compared with previous studies using unlabeled DNA. In addition, this operation was executed in a four-droplet network. DNA molecules and associated information were transferred among droplets via biological nanopores. This system would facilitate linking of molecules and electronic interfaces. Thus, it could be applied to molecular robotics, genetic engineering, and even medical diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuga
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan.|Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takinoue
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan.|Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan.|Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D008128:Logic; D058608:Nanopores; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004247:DNA