title: Novel markers to detect recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I)/rhIGF binding protein-3 (rhIGFBP-3) misuse in athletes.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is abused by elite athletes for its metabolic and anabolic effects. We have previously shown that it is possible to detect IGF-I misuse by measuring serum IGF-I and procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide (P-III-NP) but a pilot study suggested measuring IGF-II, IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) and acid-labile subunit (ALS) may improve the detection of IGF-I administration. The aim of the study was to assess this in a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-six female and 30 male recreational athletes were randomized to 28 days' treatment with placebo or recombinant human (rh)IGF-I/rhIGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) complex (30 mg/day or 60 mg/day), followed by 56 days' washout. IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and ALS (women only) were measured using commercial immunoassays. IGFBP-2 increased and IGF-II decreased in response to both low and high dose rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 in both women and men while ALS decreased in women in response to high dose rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3. Two days after discontinuing treatment, significant differences remained between the three treatment groups in IGFBP-2 and IGF-II, but not ALS. Thereafter there were no significant differences between the three treatment groups in any of the markers. Combining IGF-I with IGF-II and/or IGFBP-2 improved the performance of the test to detect rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 administration in both women and men. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.|University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Richard I G
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.|Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Nishan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Walailuck
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Böhning
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, Drug Control Centre, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, Drug Control Centre, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sönksen
authors.affiliation: Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Dankmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Böhning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D015990:Placebo Effect; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C543394:IGF-I-IGFBP-3 complex; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: IGF-I; IGF-II; IGFBP-2; biomarker; discriminant function