title: Use of Modified Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports in a Psychiatric Inpatient Unit for High-Risk Youths.
abstract: Despite a call for the reduction and ultimate elimination of the use of seclusion and restraint, research on reduction of these practices in behavioral programs has been limited. This study sought to examine the effectiveness of a modified version of the Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (M-PBIS) implemented in a youth psychiatric inpatient unit to reduce use of seclusion and restraint.
  
  
  
  This naturalistic, prospective study covered a four-year period (1,485 admissions).
  
  
  
  The number of seclusion and restraint events, mean duration of events, and percentage of patients placed in seclusion or restraint were reduced, as was the overall seclusion rate for the unit. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the use of pro re nata (PRN) medications for agitation.
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that M-PBIS is a promising intervention to use in youth psychiatric inpatient units to reduce seclusion and restraint and PRNs.
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Elizabeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grados
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Praglowski
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deboard-Lucas
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Carisa K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Perry-Parrish
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.affiliation: The authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore (e-mail: ereynol9@jhmi.edu ).
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostrander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D010356:Patient Isolation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*