title: Optimizing the acceleration and resolution of three-dimensional fat image navigators for high-resolution motion correction at 7T.
abstract: To investigate the effect of spatial resolution and parallel imaging acceleration factor on the quality of the motion estimates derived from image navigators with a three-dimensional (3D) gradient-recalled echo (GRE) acquisition with fat excitation (3D FatNavs) for neuroimaging at 7T.
  
  
  
  Six healthy subjects were scanned for 10 min, during which time repeated GRE volumes were acquired during small movements-alternating between fat and water excitations (WaterNavs)-allowing retrospective decimation of the data to simulate a variety of combinations of image resolution and acceleration factor. Bias and error in the motion estimates were then compared across navigator parameters.
  
  
  
  The 2-mm, 4 × 4 accelerated data (TRvolume= 1.2 s) provided motion estimates that were almost indistinguishable from those from the full original acquisition (2 mm, 2 × 2, TRvolume= 5.2 s). For faster navigators, it was found that good accuracy and precision were achievable with TRvolume= 144 ms, using a lower spatial resolution (4 mm, 6 × 6 acceleration) to avoid the bias observed at exceptionally high acceleration factors (8 × 8 or higher). Parameter estimates from WaterNavs and FatNavs showed close agreement with FatNavs, with better performance at exceptionally high acceleration factors.
  
  
  
  Our data help to guide the parameter choice for 3D FatNavs when a compromise must be reached between the quality of the motion estimates and the available scan time. Magn Reson Med 77:547-558, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: CIBM, EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallichan
authors.affiliation: CIBM, EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland.|Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Netherlands.
authors.forename: José P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013382:Subtraction Technique
keywords: FatNavs; navigators; retrospective motion correction