title: Nutritional and Protein Deficiencies in the Short Term following Both Gastric Bypass and Gastric Banding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) has increased dramatically in recent years. Therefore, monitoring food intake and its consequences in terms of nutritional status is necessary to prevent nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of food restriction on nutritional parameters in the short-term (≤3 months) period after BS in morbid obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, we followed 22 obese women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) at baseline (T0) and 1 (T1) and 3 (T3) months after surgery. We evaluated food intake, nutrient adequacy and serum concentrations of vitamins and minerals known to be at risk for deficiency following BS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery, we observed suboptimal food intakes, leading to a risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Serum analysis confirmed nutritional deficiencies for iron and thiamine for 27 and 23% of the patients, respectively. The drastic energy and food reduction seen in the short term led to very low probabilities of adequacy for nutrients equivalent across both surgeries. Serum analysis demonstrated a continuous decrease in prealbumin during the follow-up, indicating mild protein depletion in 21 and 57% of GBP patients and 50 and 63% of AGB patients, respectively, at T1 and T3. Regarding vitamins and minerals, systematic supplementation after GBP prevented most nutritional deficiencies. By contrast, AGB patients, for whom there is no systematic supplementation, developed such deficiencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that cautious monitoring of protein intake after BS is mandatory. Furthermore, AGB patients might also benefit from systematic multivitamin and mineral supplementation at least in the short term.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, F-75013, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics team, F-75005, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aron-Wisnewsky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, F-75013, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Verger
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics team, F-75005, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bounaix
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, F-75013, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maria Carlota
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Visceral surgery Department, Ambroise Paré Hospital, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bouillot
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Visceral surgery Department, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, F-75013, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics team, F-75005, Paris, France.|INSERM, UMR_S U1166, NutriOmics team, F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron