title: Mapping of Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) to five-dimension EuroQol (EQ-5D) health outcomes: an independent validation in a randomized control cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mapping of patient-reported outcomes to the five-dimension EuroQol (EQ-5D) health index is increasingly being used for understanding the relationship of outcomes to health states and for predicting utilities that have application in economic evaluations. The 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) is a patient-reported outcome that assesses the impact of walking impairment in people with MS. An equation for mapping the MSWS-12 to the EQ-5D was previously developed and validated using a North American Research Committee on MS (NARCOMS) registry cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis retested the validity of the equation mapping the MSWS-12 to the three-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) by using an independent cohort of patients with MS enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Mapping was evaluated at two separate time points (baseline and week 4) during the clinical trial. The mapping equation's performance was subsequently assessed with mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) by comparing equation-based estimates to values elicited in the trial using the actual EQ-5D-3L questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mapping equation predicted EQ-5D-3L values in this external cohort with reasonable precision at both time points (MAE 0.116 and RMSE 0.155 at baseline; MAE 0.105 and RMSE 0.138 at week 4), and was similar to that reported in the original NARCOMS cohort (MAE 0.109 and RMSE 0.145). Also as observed in the original NARCOMS cohort, the mapping equation performed best in patients with EQ-5D-3L values between 0.50 and 0.75, and poorly in patients with values <0.50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mapping equation performed similarly in this external cohort as in the original derivation cohort, including a poorer performance in MS patients with more severe health-state severity.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Acorda Therapeutics, Ardsley, NY.
authors.forename: Matthew F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sidovar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Brendan L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Limone
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Craig I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Coleman
keywords: EQ-5D-3L; MSWS-12; health status index; health-related quality of life; mapping