title: Inflow Jet Patterns of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Based on the Flow Velocity in the Parent Artery: Evaluation Using 4D Flow MRI.
abstract: Inflow jet characteristics may be related to aneurysmal bleb formation and rupture. We investigated the visualization threshold on the basis of the flow velocity in the parent artery to classify the inflow jet patterns observed on 4D flow MR imaging.
  
  
  
  Fifty-seven unruptured aneurysms (24 bifurcation and 33 sidewall aneurysms) were subjected to 4D flow MR imaging to visualize inflow streamline bundles whose velocity exceeded visualization thresholds corresponding to 60%, 75%, and 90% of the maximum flow velocity in the parent artery. The shape of the streamline bundle was determined visually, and the inflow jet patterns were classified as concentrated, diffuse, neck-limited, and unvisualized.
  
  
  
  At the 75% threshold, bifurcation aneurysms exhibited a concentrated inflow jet pattern at the highest rate. At this threshold, the inflow jets were concentrated in 13 aneurysms (group C, 22.8%), diffuse in 18 (group D, 31.6%), neck-limited in 11 (group N, 19.3%), and unvisualized in 15 (group U, 26.3%). In 16 (28.1%) of the 57 aneurysms, the inflow jet pattern was different at various thresholds. Most inflow parameters, including the maximum inflow velocity and rate, the inflow velocity ratio, and the inflow rate ratio, were significantly higher in groups C and D than in groups N and U.
  
  
  
  The inflow jet pattern may depend on the threshold applied to visualize the inflow streamlines on 4D flow MR imaging. For the classification of the inflow jet patterns on 4D flow MR imaging, the 75% threshold may be optimal among the 3 thresholds corresponding to 60%, 75%, and 90% of the maximum flow velocity in the parent artery.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, Mattoh-Ishikawa Central Hospital (K.F.), Ishikawa, Japan kfutami@mattohp.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8944-6214
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Futami
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery (T.K., H.S., K.M., N.U., M.N.).
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8068-4080
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitabayashi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery (T.K., H.S., K.M., N.U., M.N.).
authors.forename: H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0910-2287
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery (T.K., H.S., K.M., N.U., M.N.).
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3752-2406
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misaki
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery (T.K., H.S., K.M., N.U., M.N.).
authors.forename: N
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3776-6731
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Radiology (F.U.), Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2025-7239
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery (T.K., H.S., K.M., N.U., M.N.).
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9419-6101
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakada
mesh_terms: D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*