title: Nano-thick calcium oxide armed titanium: boosts bone cells against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Since the use of systemic antibiotics for preventing acute biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) may build up bacterial resistance and result in huge medical costs and unpredictable mortality, new precaution strategies are required. Here, it demonstrated that titanium armed with a nano-thick calcium oxide layer was effective on averting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in rabbits. The calcium oxide layer was constructed by, firstly, injecting of metallic calcium into titanium via a plasma immersion ion implantation process, and then transforming the outer most surface into oxide by exposing to the atmosphere. Although the calcium oxide armed titanium had a relative low reduction rate (~74%) in growth of MRSA in vitro, it could markedly promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), restore local bone integration against the challenge of MRSA, and decrease the incidence of MRSA infection with a rate of 100% (compared to the titanium control). This study demonstrated for the first time that calcium, as one of the major elements in a human body, could be engineered to avert MRSA infections, which is promising as a safe precaution of disinfection for implantable biomedical devices.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Huiliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yaochao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Fanhao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xianlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058626:Plasma Gases; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D010087:Oxides; D058626:Plasma Gases; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; C016538:lime; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase