title: Seasonal influenza vaccination delivery through community pharmacists in England: evaluation of the London pilot.
abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness and cost of the pan-London pharmacy initiative, a programme that allows administration of seasonal influenza vaccination to eligible patients at pharmacies.
  
  
  
  We analysed 2013-2015 data on vaccination uptake in pharmacies via the Sonar reporting system, and the total vaccination uptake via 2011-2015 ImmForm general practitioner (GP) reporting system data. We conducted an online survey of London pharmacists who participate in the programme to assess time use data, vaccine choice, investment costs and opinions about the programme. We conducted an online survey of London GPs to assess vaccine choice of vaccine and opinions about the pharmacy vaccine delivery programme.
  
  
  
  All London boroughs.
  
  
  
  London-based GPs, and pharmacies that currently offer seasonal flu vaccination.
  
  
  
  Not applicable.
  
  
  
  Comparison of annual vaccine uptake in London across risk groups from years before pharmacy vaccination introduction to after pharmacy vaccination introduction. Completeness of vaccine uptake reporting data. Cost to the National Health Service (NHS) of flu vaccine delivery at pharmacies with that at GPs. Cost to pharmacists of flu delivery. Opinions of pharmacists and GPs regarding the flu vaccine pharmacy initiative.
  
  
  
  No significant change in the uptake of seasonal vaccination in any of the risk groups as a result of the pharmacy initiative. While on average a pharmacy-administered flu vaccine dose costs the NHS up to £2.35 less than a dose administered at a GP, a comparison of the 2 recording systems suggests there is substantial loss of data.
  
  
  
  Flu vaccine delivery through pharmacies shows potential for improving convenience for vaccine recipients. However, there is no evidence that vaccination uptake increases and the use of 2 separate recording systems leads to time-consuming data entry and missing vaccine record data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Albert Jan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Hoek
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Conall
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Respiratory Disease Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baguelin
authors.affiliation: NHS England, London, UK.
authors.forename: Lethiwe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choga
authors.affiliation: Imperial GP Specialty Training, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Screening and Immunisations, London Region, Public Health England, London, UK.
authors.forename: Thara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Respiratory Disease Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jit
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000191:economics; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008131:London; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: PUBLIC HEALTH