title: The effects of fat distribution and some adipokines on insulin resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of developing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome is particularly high in central obesity. In this study we evaluated the effects of fat distribution and some adipokines on insulin resistance in prediabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven age- and sex-matched patients were divided into three groups according to their 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test results as follows: impaired fasting glucose group, impaired glucose tolerance group, and normal glucose tolerance group. Fasting insulin levels were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated. Body fat mass measurements were assessed by bioelectric impedance analyser and abdominal fat thicknesses (subcutaneous, visceral, and preperitoneal) by ultrasonography. The fasting serum levels of several adipokines [adiponectin, leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] were measured by ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean body mass index, fat mass measurements, and abdominal fat thicknesses of the groups were similar. There were no differences between groups in terms of the mean fasting insulin, vaspin, RBP-4, leptin, resistin, and TNF-alpha. In comparison of the prediabetic and normal groups, the levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001) and visfatin (p < 0.001) were lower in the prediabetic group. Furthermore, we found that high body mass index (p < 0.01) and fat mass (p < 0.01) and low adiponectin (p < 0.05) levels have roles in the development of insulin resistance in the prediabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggested that in the prediabetic period not only obesity but also decreased adiponectin levels play some role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (3): 277-282).
authors.affiliation: Trakya University, Medical Faculty, Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Division, Edirne, Turkey. bekiz99@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Betül Ekiz
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bilir
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Güldiken
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tunçbilek
authors.forename: Ahmet Muzaffer
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bilir
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: adipokine; diabetes mellitus; fat distribution; insulin resistance