title: Diffusion-weighted imaging outside the brain: Consensus statement from an ISMRM-sponsored workshop.
abstract: The significant advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware and software, sequence design, and postprocessing methods have made diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) an important part of body MRI protocols and have fueled extensive research on quantitative diffusion outside the brain, particularly in the oncologic setting. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date information on DWI acquisition and clinical applications outside the brain, as discussed in an ISMRM-sponsored symposium held in April 2015. We first introduce recent advances in acquisition, processing, and quality control; then review scientific evidence in major organ systems; and finally describe future directions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:521-540.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Bachir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taouli
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Ambros J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chenevert
authors.affiliation: CR UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK.
authors.forename: Anwar R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Padhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosenkrantz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla-Dave
authors.affiliation: Irene and Bernard Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging (CBI) and Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sigmund
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tanenbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thoeny
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Est, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thomassin-Naggara
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Idoia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Corcuera-Solano
authors.affiliation: CR UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orton
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Savannah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Dow-Mu
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011871:Radiology / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: breast; cancer; diffusion; kidney; liver; prostate; whole body imaging