title: Development of Quercetin Based Nanodispersions.
abstract: Polyphenols are a large group of structurally diverse natural products, including flavonoids. One of the most bioactive compounds of this class is the flavonol quercetin, a recognized antioxidant. Despite several studies were carried out aiming to develop nanoformulations with secondary metabolites, to our knowledge, quercetin was not used as raw material for nanodispersion production without coating polymers. This type of nanosize formulation is often prepared using organic solvents and quercetin nanodispersions were prepared by emulsification evaporation technique, using 1(6).2(2) experimental factorial design, ("surfactant type" evaluated at 6 levels, "surfactant amount" and "stirring speed" evaluated at 2 levels). Variance analysis, after one day of nanodispersions preparation, revealed that only the surfactant type was statistically significant on particle size, while none of factors presented statistically significant effect on polydispersity index. Variance analysis after seven days of nanodispersions preparation revealed that either surfactant type and surfactant amount presented significant effect on particle size, while only surfactant type influenced polydispersity index. Some nanodispersions presented small diameter and narrow size distribution, suggesting potential stability of these systems. Special attention was given to nanodispersion prepared with 3 % (w/w) of polyethylene glycol 400 monooleate (expressed as function of surfactant concentration at aqueous phase). It presented mean droplet size of 129.4 ± 0.5 nm and polydispersity index of 0.173 ± 0.018, after 7 days of preparation. Low polydispersity index indicates a high homogeneity concerning particle size distribution and suggests stability of the system. Moreover, absence of coating polymers and utilization of a low energy method would be an advantage in terms of reducing costs for industrial application, without any nanosize impairment.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.forename: Adriana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Jessica C E
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vilhena
authors.forename: Alexandro C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Florentino
authors.forename: Rodrigo A S
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bereau
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Jesús R R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.forename: José C T
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Pharmacy College, Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology, Amapá Federal University, ZIP Code 68903-419, Macapá, Brazil. caiofernandes@unifap.br.
authors.forename: Caio P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011794:Quercetin