title: Clinical imaging of vascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Arterial wall calcification, once considered an incidental finding, is now known to be a consistent and strong predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. It is also commonly encountered in radiologic examinations as an incidental finding. Forthcoming bench, translational, and clinical data seek to establish this and pre-calcification changes as surrogate imaging biomarkers for noninvasive prognostication and treatment follow-up. Emerging paradigms seek to establish vascular calcification as a surrogate marker of disease. Imaging of pre-calcification and decalcification events may prove more important than imaging of the calcification itself. Data-driven approaches to screening will be necessary to limit radiation exposure and prevent over-utilization of expensive imaging techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sag
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'C.I. PARHON' University Hospital, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covic
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Manhès Hospital, Fleury Mérogis, France.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: London
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vervloet
authors.affiliation: Renal and Transplantation Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gorriz
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. drkanbay@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanbay
mesh_terms: D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques; D006801:Humans; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiac imaging techniques; Chronic kidney disease; Coronary artery disease; Vascular calcification