title: Excess mortality among patients on dialysis: Comparison with the general population in Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience excess mortality compared with the general population, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for Korean patients on dialysis has not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the SMR among all Korean ESRD patients on maintenance dialysis in 2009 and 2010, and compared it according to age categories, sex, and dialysis modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from all patients on maintenance dialysis between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010 in Korea using the database of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, and the SMR was determined by calculating of the ratio between the number of actual deaths and expected deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 45,568 patients in 2009 and 48,170 patients in 2010 were included in the analysis. The overall age- and sex-adjusted SMR was 10.3 [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.0-10.6] in 2009 and 10.9 (95% CI, 10.7-11.2) in 2010. The SMR for females was much higher than for males. The SMR gradually decreased with increasing age groups. The overall SMR for maintenance hemodialysis patients was lower than that of peritoneal dialysis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SMR among Korean ESRD patients is likely to be higher than in other countries. Further evaluation is needed to attempt to improve the outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyungyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Myounghee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunwook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pyo Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tak Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoon Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sik Ahn
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jae Hann
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Ryeol
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ryu
keywords: Dialysis; End-stage renal disease; Korea; Mortality