title: Isolated asymptomatic pulmonary arteriovenous malformation presenting with ischaemic stroke.
abstract: Young onset stroke is uncommon, and may be due to conditions other than traditional vascular risk factors. A 42-year-old woman with an ischaemic stroke was found to have left atrial bubble study positivity on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) suggestive of patent foramen ovale, however she also had low peripheral oxygen saturation. Investigation revealed an isolated pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM), visible on admission chest radiograph. This can cause embolic stroke and is an alternate cause of the TTE findings. The PAVM was able to be closed via endovascular intervention, removing the shunt and therefore removing her risk of recurrent stroke events. This is a rare cause of embolic stroke in young people which can be easily missed on investigation yet is amenable to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Level 4, Central Block, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: k.bertram@alfred.org.au.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Level 4, Central Block, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frayne
mesh_terms: D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent; D006801:Humans; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation; Stroke; Young onset stroke