title: Clustering of risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in low-income, female adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and clustering patterns of cardiometabolic risk factors among low-income, female adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study involving 196 students of public schools (11-19 years old). The following risk factors were considered in the analysis: excess weight, central obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose. The ratio between observed and expected prevalence and its confidence interval were used to identify clustering of risk factors that exceeded expected prevalence in the population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most prevalent risk factors were dyslipidemia (70.9%), and central obesity (39.8%), followed by excess weight (29.6%), and high blood pressure (12.8%). A total of 42.9% of adolescents had two or more risk factors, and 24% had three or more. Excess weight, central obesity, and dyslipidemia were common risk factors in the clustering patterns that showed higher-than-expected prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clustering of risk factors (≥ two factors) among the adolescents showed considerable prevalence, and there was a non-casual coexistence of excess weight, central obesity, and dyslipidemia (mainly low HDL-cholesterol).
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brasil.|Departamento de Pediatria, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: Elza M F S de
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brasil.|Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: João B da
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: Telma M A M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brasil.|Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: Técia M O
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Maranhão
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana K M S O
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estatística, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Spyrides
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brasil.
authors.forename: Eduardo C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007182:Income; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol