title: The Level of Anxiety and Depression in Dialysis Patients Undertaking Regular Physical Exercise Training--a Preliminary Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a six-month physical training undertaken by haemodialysis (HD) patients, on the depression and anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) were recruited from the dialysis station at the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine in Wroclaw. Physical training took place at the beginning of the first 4-hours of dialysis, three times a week for six months. A personal questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 28 patients completed the study: 20 were randomised to endurance training and 8 were randomised to resistance training. Statistical analysis of depression and anxiety at the initial (t1) and final examination (t2) indicated a significant reduction in depression and anxiety, particularly anxiety as a trait (X2) in the whole study group. The change in anxiety as a state correlated with the disease duration, duration of dialysis and the initial level of anxiety as a state (t1X1). The change in anxiety as a trait significantly correlated with age and the initial level of anxiety (t1X2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Undertaking physical training during dialysis by patients with ESRD is beneficial in reducing their levels of anxiety and depression. Both resistance and endurance training improves mood, but only endurance training additionally results in anxiety reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wioletta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dziubek
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusztal
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Rogowski
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gołębiowski
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikifur
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szczepańska-Gieracha
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zembroń-Łacny
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woźniewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*