title: Electrochemical disinfection of simulated ballast water on PbO2/graphite felt electrode.
abstract: A novel PbO2/graphite felt electrode was constructed by electrochemical deposition of PbO2 on graphite felt and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The prepared electrode is a viable technology for inactivation of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Artemia salina as indicator organisms in simulated ballast water treatment, which meets the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Regulation D-2. The effects of contact time and current density on inactivation were investigated. An increase in current density generally had a beneficial effect on the inactivation of the three species. E.faecalis and A.salina were more resistant to electrochemical disinfection than E. coli. The complete disinfection of E.coli was achieved in <8min at an applied current density of 253A/m(2). Complete inactivation of E. faecalis and A.salina was achieved at the same current density after 60 and 40min of contact time, respectively. A. salina inactivation follows first-order kinetics.
authors.affiliation: School of Resource & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China. Electronic address: hwd998@163.com.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianxun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: School of Resource & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandoe
mesh_terms: D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D014867:Water; D007854:Lead; C047365:lead oxide; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Artemia salina; Ballast water; Electrochemical disinfection; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; PbO(2)/graphite felt electrode