title: First comprehensive screening of lipophilic organic contaminants in surface waters of the megacity Jakarta, Indonesia.
abstract: Jakarta is an Indonesian coastal megacity with over 10 million inhabitants. The rivers flowing through the city receive enormous amounts of untreated wastewaters and discharge their pollutant loads into Jakarta Bay. We utilized a screening approach to identify those site-specific compounds that represent the major contamination of the cities' water resources, and detected a total number of 71 organic contaminants in Jakarta river water samples. Especially contaminants originating from municipal wastewater discharges were detected in high concentrations, including flame retardants, personal care products and pharmaceutical drugs. A flame retardant, a synthetic fragrance and caffeine were used as marker compounds to trace the riverine transport of municipal wastewaters into Jakarta Bay. These markers are also appropriate to trace municipal wastewater discharges to other tropical coastal ecosystems. This application is in particular useful to evaluate wastewater inputs from land-based sources to habitats which are sensitive to changing water quality, like coral reefs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: loga-pub@emr.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dsikowitzky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sträter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany; Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology (BBP4KP), Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. K.S. Tubun, Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Dwiyitno
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology (BBP4KP), Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. K.S. Tubun, Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260, Indonesia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ariyani
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Fisheries Management and Conservation, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Gedung Balitbang-2, Jl. Pasir Putih II, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Irianto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarzbauer
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D057894:Coral Reefs; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D007214:Indonesia; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010476:Perfume / Q000032:analysis; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine; D005411:Flame Retardants; D008055:Lipids; D010476:Perfume; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Megacities; Municipal markers; Municipal sewage; Pharmaceutical drugs; Tropical rivers