title: A serial 10-year follow-up study of brain atrophy and disability progression in RRMS patients.
abstract: We explored the evolution of brain atrophy in relation to development of confirmed disability progression (CDP) on serial 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans over a 10-year period in 181 patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
  
  
  
  At 10-year follow-up, they were divided into those with (100) or without (76) CDP (confirmed after 48 weeks). Changes in whole brain (WB), cortical, gray matter (GM), white matter, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF) volumes were calculated on three-dimensional T1-weighted (3D-T1) scans between all available time points.
  
  
  
  In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with CDP compared to those without, the greatest effect size percentage volume change from baseline to follow-up was detected for WB (d = 0.55, -7.5% vs -5.2%, p < 0.001), followed by vCSF (d = 0.51, +41.1% vs +25.7%, p < 0.001), cortical (d = 0.49, -7.7% vs -6.2%, p = 0.001), and GM (d = 0.40, -7.1% vs -5.8%, p = 0.006) volumes. Mixed-effects model analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and treatment change, showed significant interactions between CDP status and percentage changes for WB and vCSF (p < 0.001), cortical (p = 0.02), and GM (p = 0.04) volumes.
  
  
  
  WB and cortical atrophy, and enlargement of vCSF spaces are associated with development of CDP on serial yearly MRI assessments over a period of 10 years.
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA/MR Imaging Clinical Translational Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA rzivadinov@bnac.net.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zivadinov
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA/Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uher
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagemeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaneckova
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Deepa P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tyblova
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA/IRCCS "S. Maria Nascente," Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergsland
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krasensky
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Havrdova
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horakova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: MRI; Multiple sclerosis; brain atrophy; disability progression; ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume; whole brain