title: Black:White Disparities in HIV Mortality in the United States: 1990-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether racial disparities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality in the USA have changed over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using vital records from the National Center for Health Statistics and census data from the US Census Bureau, we calculated the race- and gender-specific HIV mortality rates and corresponding racial rate ratios for non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites in the USA for four 5-year increments from 1990-2009. Rates were age-adjusted using the 2000 USA standard population. Additionally, we calculated excess Black deaths for 2005-2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the total, male, and female populations, we observed a statistically significant increase in the Black:White HIV mortality disparity between T1 (1990-1994) and T4 (2005-2009). The increasing disparity was due to the fact that the decrease in mortality rates from T1 to T4 was greater among Whites than Blacks. This disparity led to 5603 excess Black deaths in the USA at T4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous research suggests that as HIV becomes more treatable, racial disparities widen, as observed in this study for both men and women. Existing disparities could be ameliorated if access to care were equal among these groups. Equal access would enable more individuals to achieve viral suppression, the final step of the HIV Care Continuum.
authors.affiliation: Sinai Urban Health Institute, Sinai Health System, 1500 S. Fairfield Avenue, K449, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA. kristi.allgood@sinai.org.
authors.forename: Kristi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Allgood
authors.affiliation: Sinai Urban Health Institute, Sinai Health System, 1500 S. Fairfield Avenue, K449, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
authors.forename: Bijou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Monique Glover
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rucker
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000208:ethnology / Q000639:trends; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Disparities; HIV excess deaths; HIV mortality