title: Adventure and Extreme Sports.
abstract: Adventure and extreme sports often involve unpredictable and inhospitable environments, high velocities, and stunts. These activities vary widely and include sports like BASE jumping, snowboarding, kayaking, and surfing. Increasing interest and participation in adventure and extreme sports warrants understanding by clinicians to facilitate prevention, identification, and treatment of injuries unique to each sport. This article covers alpine skiing and snowboarding, skateboarding, surfing, bungee jumping, BASE jumping, and whitewater sports with emphasis on epidemiology, demographics, general injury mechanisms, specific injuries, chronic injuries, fatality data, and prevention. Overall, most injuries are related to overuse, trauma, and environmental or microbial exposure.
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine, University of Washington, 331 Northeast Thornton Place, Box 358372, Seattle, WA 98125, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew Thomas
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, Sports Medicine Section, Family Medicine, University of Washington, 3800 Montlake Boulevard, Box 354060, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: ashwin@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011998:Recreation; D013177:Sports; D014195:Travel
keywords: Adventure sports; Adventure travel; Extreme sports; Injury; Prevention; Skiing; Surfing