title: Osteogenic effect of controlled released rhBMP-2 in 3D printed porous hydroxyapatite scaffold.
abstract: Recently, 3D printing as effective technology has been highlighted in the biomedical field. Previously, a porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold with the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity has been developed by this method. However, its osteoinductivity is limited. The main purpose of this study was to improve it by the introduction of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). This scaffold was developed by coating rhBMP-2-delivery microspheres with collagen. These synthesized scaffolds were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), a delivery test in vitro, cell culture, and the experiments in vivo by a Micro-computed tomography (μCT) scan and histological evaluation of VanGieson staining. SEM results indicated the surface of scaffolds were more fit for the adhesion of hMSCs to coat collagen/rhBMP-2 microspheres. Biphasic release of rhBMP-2 could continue for more than 21 days, and keep its osteoinductivity to induce osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. In addition, the experiments in vivo showed that the scaffold had a good bone regeneration capacity. These findings demonstrate that the HA/Collagen/Chitosan Microspheres system can simultaneously achieve localized long-term controlled release of rhBMP-2 and bone regeneration, which provides a promising route for improving the treatment of bone defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350108, China.
authors.forename: Gui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Xinlin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Guixing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Xianglin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: zhougang@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Bone and Joint Disease, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: wuzh3000@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008863:Microspheres; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: 3D printing; Controlled release; Hydroxyapatite (HA); Osteogenic effect; rhBMP-2