title: Modulation of Candida albicans Biofilm by Different Carbon Sources.
abstract: In the present investigation, the role of carbon sources (glucose, lactate, sucrose, and arabinose) on Candida albicans biofilm development and virulence factors was studied on polystyrene microtiter plates. Besides this, structural changes in cell wall component β-glucan in presence of different carbon sources have also been highlighted. Biofilm formation was analyzed by XTT (2,3-bis[2-Methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay. Glucose-grown cells exhibited the highest metabolic activity during adhesion among all carbon sources tested (p < 0.05). However, cells exposed to sucrose exhibited highest biofilm formation and matrix polysaccharides secretion after 48 h. The results also correlated with the biofilm height and roughness measurements by atomic force microscopy. Exposure to lactate induced hyphal structures with the highest proteinase activity while arabinose-grown cells formed pseudohyphal structures possessing the highest phospholipase activity. Structural changes in β-glucan characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy displayed characteristic band of β-glucan at 892 cm(-1) in all carbon sources tested. The β(1→6) to β(1→3) glucan ratio calculated as per the band area of the peak was less in lactate (1.15) as compared to glucose (1.73), sucrose (1.62), and arabinose (2.85). These results signify that carbon sources influence C. albicans biofilm development and modulate virulence factors and structural organization of cell wall component β-glucan.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
authors.forename: Suma C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pemmaraju
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
authors.forename: Parul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pruthi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Proteomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India. vikasfbs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pruthi
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D005562:Formazans / Q000032:analysis; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005562:Formazans; D007773:Lactates; D047071:beta-Glucans; C059088:1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Biofilm; Candida albicans; FTIR; Virulence; XTT assay; β-glucan