title: Intra-articular implantation of gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge causes joint inflammation and impaired renal function in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge (GICS) can be used to treat intra-articular surgical site infections. High local concentrations of gentamicin can be reached for short periods; however the collagen vehicle may persist for much longer periods. We wished to determine the effect of sponge implantation on joint inflammation and renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen medium sized mixed breed research dogs of hound type were randomized to two groups; arthroscopic implantation of GICS at gentamicin dose = 6 mg/kg (n = 9) or sham operation (n = 9). Endpoints consisted of joint inflammation measured by synovial fluid cell counts and cytokine concentrations; lameness measured by force plate asymmetry indices; and renal function measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) study. The prevalence of lesions associated with aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity was assessed by renal biopsy and transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge implantation caused joint inflammation (p <0.01), lameness (p = 0.04), and decreased GFR (p = 0.04). No difference was observed in the prevalence of renal lesions on biopsy between the treatment and control groups (p = 0.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge implantation causes joint inflammation and lameness as well as GFR reductions at the dose assessed. Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge are not recommended for intra-articular implantation in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Galina Hayes, University of Guelph, Clinical Studies, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada, E-mail: gmh59@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Noel M M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Moens
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nykamp
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Asaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerer
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D003094:Collagen; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D015503:Surgical Sponges / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D013585:Synovitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004343:Drug Implants; D005839:Gentamicins; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Gentamicin; collagen; dogs; sponge