title: Identification of Soil Microbes Capable of Utilizing Cellobiosan.
abstract: Approximately 100 million tons of anhydrosugars, such as levoglucosan and cellobiosan, are produced through biomass burning every year. These sugars are also produced through fast pyrolysis, the controlled thermal depolymerization of biomass. While the microbial pathways associated with levoglucosan utilization have been characterized, there is little known about cellobiosan utilization. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of six cellobiosan-utilizing microbes from soil samples. Each of these organisms is capable of using both cellobiosan and levoglucosan as sole carbon source, though both minimal and rich media cellobiosan supported significantly higher biomass production than levoglucosan. Ribosomal sequencing was used to identify the closest reported match for these organisms: Sphingobacterium multivorum, Acinetobacter oleivorans JC3-1, Enterobacter sp SJZ-6, and Microbacterium sps FXJ8.207 and 203 and a fungal species Cryptococcus sp. The commercially-acquired Enterobacter cloacae DSM 16657 showed growth on levoglucosan and cellobiosan, supporting our isolate identification. Analysis of an existing database of 16S rRNA amplicons from Iowa soil samples confirmed the representation of our five bacterial isolates and four previously-reported levoglucosan-utilizing bacterial isolates in other soil samples and provided insight into their population distributions. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA of strains previously reported to utilize levoglucosan and our newfound isolates showed that the organisms isolated in this study are distinct from previously described anhydrosugar-utilizing microbial species.
authors.affiliation: Bioeconomy Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jieni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jinlyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yee Shiean
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Adina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zhiyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Laura R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jarboe
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000382:microbiology; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004187:Disaccharides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C524805:glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-1,6-anhydroglucopyranose; C014989:1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose; D005947:Glucose