title: Seawater Immersion Aggravates Burn Injury Causing Severe Blood Coagulation Dysfunction.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the endothelial function in a canine model of burn injury combined with seawater immersion. The model of burn injury was established. The dogs were randomly divided into four groups including dogs with burn injury (B group), or burn injury combined with seawater immersion (BI group), or only immersion in seawater (I group), or control animals with no injury or immersion (C group). The circulating endothelial cell (CEC) count and coagulation-fibrinolysis parameters were measured. The CEC count in B group increased at 4 h, 7 h, and 10 h after injury and then reduced, whereas it continuously increased to a greater extent in BI group (P < 0.05). The von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and the ratio of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-K-PGF1α ) in BI group had a marked increase after injury, and the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in the BI group decreased. Microscope observations revealed thrombus formation in lungs of the animals in BI group, but not in C, I, or B groups. Burn injury causes endothelial dysfunction, and seawater immersion lastingly aggravates this injury, leading to a higher risk of developing thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Qingxiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Yongda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Hengjiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002056:Burns / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion / Q000009:adverse effects; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D012623:Seawater / Q000009:adverse effects; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C029417:Von Willebrand antigen; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; C067262:PLAT protein, human; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator