title: Adapting a Cancer Literacy Measure for Use Among Navajo Women.
abstract: The authors designed a community-based participatory research study to develop and test a family-based behavioral intervention to improve cancer literacy and promote mammography among Navajo women.
  
  
  
  Using data from focus groups and discussions with a community advisory committee, they adapted an existing questionnaire to assess cancer knowledge, barriers to mammography, and cancer beliefs for use among Navajo women. Questions measuring health literacy, numeracy, self-efficacy, cancer communication, and family support were also adapted.
  
  
  
  The resulting questionnaire was found to have good content validity, and to be culturally and linguistically appropriate for use among Navajo women.
  
  
  
  It is important to consider culture and not just language when adapting existing measures for use with AI/AN (American Indian/Alaskan Native) populations. English-language versions of existing literacy measures may not be culturally appropriate for AI/AN populations, which could lead to a lack of semantic, technical, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence, resulting in misinterpretation of study outcomes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yost
authors.affiliation: 2 Diné College, Shiprock, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: 3 University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Lydia P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Buki
authors.affiliation: 2 Diné College, Shiprock, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Austin-Garrison
authors.affiliation: 2 Diné College, Shiprock, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Linda V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: 1 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: 1 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Christi A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Patten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D057220:Health Literacy / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: American Indians; cancer literacy; health literacy; mammography; questionnaires