title: Unilateral Fetal Renal Abnormalities: Are They Really Isolated?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to describe the association between unilateral fetal renal abnormalities and other major anomalies that were not apparent in the second trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the ultrasound database identified fetuses with suspected unilateral renal agenesis, unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, and renal ectopia from 2005 to 2014. Neonatal records were reviewed to identify anomalies not suspected in the second trimester, and postnatal imaging studies were reviewed. Categorical data were compared by &x003C7;(2) analysis and the Fisher exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 102 cases, including 36 with suspected renal agenesis, 28 with suspected multicystic dysplastic kidney, and 38 with suspected renal ectopia. There were 8 cases (7.8%) with major anomalies not suspected in the second trimester. In 5 cases (4.9%), there were no associated findings in the second trimester. There were no significant differences in the rates of unsuspected abnormalities between the 3 groups. There was a trend toward a higher rate of unsuspected anomalies in the cases with a single umbilical artery compared to those with a 3-vessel cord (28.6% vs 6.3%; P= .09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In fetuses with unilateral renal abnormalities, major anomalies that were not suspected in the second trimester were uncommon. However, patients should be aware of the possibility that other major anomalies could subsequently be identified, and the outcome may depend on more than postnatal renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York USA.
authors.forename: Chelsea M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clinton
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York USA. stchasen@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chasen
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012307:Risk Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: congenital renal abnormalities; fetal anomalies; obstetric ultrasound