title: Evaluation of functional methods for human movement modelling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  accurate assessment of human joint parameters is a critical issue for the quantitative movement analysis, due to a direct influence on motion patterns. In this study three different known functional methods are experimentally compared to identify knee joint kinematics for further gait and motion analysis purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  taking into account the human knee physiology complexity, within its roto-translation, the study is conducted on a lower limb mechanical analogue with a polycentric hinge-based kinematic model. The device mimics a joint with a mobile axis of rotation whose position is definable. Sets of reflective markers are placed on the dummy and flexion-extension movements are imposed to the shank segment. Marker positions are acquired using an optoelectronic motion capture system (Vicon 512).
  
  
  RESULTS
  acquired markers' positions are used as input data to the three functional methods considered. These ones approximate the polycentric knee joint with a fixed single axis model. Different ranges of motion and number of markers are considered for each functional method. Results are presented through the evaluation of accuracy and precision concerning both misalignment and distance errors between the estimated axis of rotation and the instantaneous polycentric one, used as reference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the study shows the feasibility of the identification of joint parameters with functional approaches applied on a polycentric mechanism, differently from those usually conceived by the reviewed algorithms. Moreover, it quantifies and compares the approximation errors using different algorithms, by varying number and position of markers, as well ranges of motion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gastaldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lisco
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D007866:Leg; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation