title: Dendronized Anionic Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiviral Activity.
abstract: Anionic carbosilane dendrons decorated with sulfonate functions and one thiol moiety at the focal point have been used to synthesize water-soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through the direct reaction of dendrons, gold precursor, and reducing agent in water, and also through a place-exchange reaction. These nanoparticles have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, TEM, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and zeta-potential measurements. The interacting ability of the anionic sulfonate functions was investigated by EPR spectroscopy with copper(II) as a probe. Different structures and conformations of the AuNPs modulate the availability of sulfonate and thiol groups for complexation by copper(II). Toxicity assays of AuNPs showed that those produced through direct reaction were less toxic than those obtained by ligand exchange. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection was higher in the case of dendronized AuNPs than in dendrons.
authors.affiliation: Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Edificio de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: Cornelia E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-8804
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Peña-González
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.|Laboratorio de InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.|Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3413-2189
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Broncano
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: M Francesca
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-4718
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-7740
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cangiotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6468-9140
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fattori
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.|Networking Research Center for Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9741-4503
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hierro-Oliva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.|Networking Research Center for Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9207-444X
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: González-Martín
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-8978
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Serrano
authors.affiliation: Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Edificio de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.|Networking Research Center for Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-2414
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.|Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.|Networking Research Center for Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Ángeles
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-4500
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Edificio de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain. javier.sancheznieves@uah.es.|Networking Research Center for Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. javier.sancheznieves@uah.es.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-2285
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Nieves
authors.affiliation: Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Edificio de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain. javier.delamata@uah.es.|Networking Research Center for Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. javier.delamata@uah.es.
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-3935
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de la Mata
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D050091:Dendrimers; D012821:Silanes; C504072:carbosilane; D006046:Gold
keywords: antiviral agents; cytotoxicity; dendrimers; nanoparticles; structure-activity relationships