title: New Analytical Tool for the Detection of Ractopamine Abuse in Goat Skeletal Muscle by Potential Gene Expression Biomarkers.
abstract: In this study, quantification of mRNA gene expression was examined as biomarkers to detect ractopamaine abuse and ractopamaine residues in cashmere goats. It was focused on the identification of potential gene expression biomarkers and describing the coreletionship between gene expression and residue level by 58 animals for 49 days. The results showed that administration periods and residue levels significantly influenced mRNA expressions of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), the enzymes PRKACB, ADCY3, ATP1A3, ATP2A3, PTH, and MYLK, and the immune factors IL-1β and TNF-α. Statistical analysis like principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) showed that these genes can serve as potential biomarkers for ractopamine in skeletal muscle and that they are also suitable for describing different residue levels separately.
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Luyao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongyou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 10081, PR China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 10081, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Tunio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muhammad Tarique
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006041:Goats / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006133:Growth Substances; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine
keywords: biomarkers; gene expression; goat; β2-agonist