title: Occupational allergy to pharmaceutical products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Occupational allergy in healthcare workers is common and can lead to significant costs from both loss of productivity within the workforce as well as those associated with diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to provide an update on drugs implicated in causing occupational allergy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drugs traditionally reported as causing occupational allergy, such as penicillin, remain problematic. However, as their use reduces and newer drugs, such as cephalosporins, are used more frequently there is a changing pattern to occupational sensitization. In some studies up to 17% of healthcare workers now appear sensitized to cephalosporins. Other drug classes also reported include proton pump inhibitors and benzodiazepines. Interestingly, drugs such as omeprazole and tetrazepam rarely cause allergy in patients but can be very sensitizing if applied topically or inhaled. Recent studies involving pharmaceutical company employees show that this problem can no longer be considered primarily related to healthcare workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of occupational allergy to drugs can be complicated and has been shown to take up to 5 years from the onset of symptoms. Ultimately, workplace avoidance remains key; however, an up to date awareness of culprit drugs and the patterns of allergy seen are key to a prompt resolution of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, St James's Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whitaker
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D059366:Asthma, Occupational / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations