title: Hemodynamic reference for neonates of different age and weight: a pilot study with electrical cardiometry.
abstract: Electrical cardiometry (EC) is an impedance-based monitor that provides noninvasive, real-time hemodynamic assessment. However, the reference values for neonates have not been established.
  
  
  
  EC (Aesculon) was applied to hemodynamically stable preterm and term infants. Hemodynamic variables included cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR). Their gestational age (GA), weight and body surface area (BSA) were recorded.
  
  
  
  A total of 280 neonates were studied. Their GA ranged from 26(5/7) to 41(4/7) weeks, weight 800 to 4420 g and BSA 0.07 to 0.26 m(2). CO was positively correlated to GA, weight and BSA (r=0.681, 0.822, 0.830, respectively; all P<0.001). Using regression analysis, CO was most significantly correlated to BSA. Mean CI was 2.55±0.37 l min(-1) per m(2).
  
  
  
  Hemodynamic reference by EC is notably distinct among neonates of diverse maturity. CO is most closely correlated to BSA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T-W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lien
mesh_terms: D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight; D017097:Electric Impedance; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013624:Taiwan