title: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity and Relationship Functioning Among Partnered Heterosexual and Lesbian Women Veterans.
abstract: Few studies have examined associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and relationship satisfaction among women Veterans, and no research has explored these factors in lesbian women Veterans, a large subgroup that may have unique concerns. This study examined the link between PTSD and relationship satisfaction in partnered heterosexual and lesbian women Veterans and evaluated potential moderation by sexual orientation, partner support, and conflict.
  
  
  
  Women Veterans (heterosexual n = 260; lesbian n = 128) were recruited nationally to complete a cross-sectional online survey. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate moderation, using two- and three-way interactions.
  
  
  
  Partner support moderated the association between PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction to a different degree for heterosexual and lesbian women Veterans, playing a more prominent role in this association for lesbian women. Specifically, for lesbians with low partner support, as PTSD symptoms worsened, relationship satisfaction decreased at a steeper rate than for heterosexual women with low partner support. On the other hand, for lesbians with high partner support, as PTSD symptoms worsened, relationship satisfaction decreased less sharply than for heterosexual women with high partner support. Degree of conflict was highly correlated with relationship satisfaction and also appeared to moderate these relations differently by sexual orientation.
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that women Veterans with PTSD experience impairments in their romantic relationships, which vary by sexual orientation, partner support, and conflict. Partner support and conflict may be important targets in assessment and therapy for women Veterans with PTSD, and especially so for sexual minorities.
authors.affiliation: 1 Mental Health Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle, Washington.|2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Caska-Wallace
authors.affiliation: 3 Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D), VA Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle, Washington.|4 Department of Health Services, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.|5 US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Office of Patient Care Services , Women's Health Services, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Jodie G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Katon
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.|3 Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D), VA Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle, Washington.|4 Department of Health Services, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.|6 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) , VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehavot
authors.affiliation: 1 Mental Health Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle, Washington.|2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Meghan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.|6 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) , VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.|7 Center of Excellence in Substance Abuse Treatment and Education (CESATE) , VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D055906:Seveso Accidental Release; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: PTSD; military; partner support; relationship satisfaction; sexual orientation; women Veterans