title: Dioxins, furans, biphenyls, arsenic, thorium and uranium in natural and anthropogenic sources of phosphorus and calcium used in agriculture.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of dioxins, furans and biphenyls, and the inorganic contaminants such as arsenic (As), thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in three main products used in Agriculture in Brazil: feed grade dicalcium phosphate, calcined bovine bone meal and calcitic limestone. The first two are anthropogenic sources of phosphorus and calcium, while calcitic limestone is a natural unprocessed mineral. Regarding to dioxin-like substances, all samples analyzed exhibited dioxins (PCDD) and furans (PCDF) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) concentrations below limit of detection (LOD). In general, achieved is in accordance with regulation in Brazil where is established a maximum limit in limestone used in the citric pulp production (0.50pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)). In addition, reported data revealed very low levels for limestone in comparison with similar materials reported by European legislation. As result for toxic metals, achieved data were obtained using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). On one hand, limestone sample exhibits the largest arsenic concentration. On another hand, dicalcium phosphate exhibited the largest uranium concentration, which represents a standard in animal nutrition. Therefore, it is phosphorus source in the animal feed industry can be a goal of concern in the feed field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Universidad de Federal de Minas Gerais Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627 Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address: avelara@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Avelar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Universidad de Federal de Minas Gerais Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627 Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Universidad de Antioquia, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Grupo Catálisis Ambiental, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pemberthy
authors.affiliation: Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Universidad de Federal de Minas Gerais Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627 Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Amaral
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D001572:Benzofurans; D001938:Brazil; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D013910:Thorium / Q000032:analysis; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005663:Furans; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D010758:Phosphorus; D014501:Uranium; D013910:Thorium; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D001151:Arsenic; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Feed; PCBs; PCDD/Fs; Phosphorus materials; Toxic metals