title: Outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as primary versus revision procedure for proximal humerus fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for proximal humerus fracture (PHF). This study evaluates outcomes of all patients with PHF treated with RTSA as a primary procedure for acute PHF, a delayed primary procedure for symptomatic PHF malunion or nonunion, a revision procedure for failed PHF hemiarthroplasty (HA), or a revision procedure for failed open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent RTSA for PHF were evaluated for active range of motion and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Simple Shoulder Test-12, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale, Constant, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey scores. Scaption and external rotation (ER) strength were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RTSA was performed in 49 patients with PHF; 13 patients underwent RTSA for acute PHF, 13 for malunion or nonunion, 12 for failed PHF HA, and 11 for failed PHF ORIF. ER range of motion, SPADI, ASES, UCLA, and Constant scores achieved significance. The acute fracture group significantly outperformed the failed HA group in SPADI, ASES, and UCLA scores. The malunion/nonunion group significantly outperformed the failed HA group in ASES and UCLA scores. The acute fracture and malunion/nonunion groups each had significantly greater ER than the failed HA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RTSA is an effective treatment option for PHF as both a primary and a revision procedure. Primary RTSA outperformed RTSA done as a revision procedure. RTSA for acute PHF is comparable to RTSA for malunions and nonunions. Our outcomes of revision RTSA for failed HA and ORIF are more promising than previously published.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Bobby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dezfuli
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Aimee M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Struk
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Electronic address: wrightw@ortho.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000072228:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects; D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000601:surgery*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery*; D062785:Hemiarthroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012399:Rotation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017211:Treatment Failure
keywords: Failed hemiarthroplasty; failed open reduction–internal fixation; malunion; outcomes; proximal humerus fracture; reverse total shoulder arthroplasty