title: Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived From a Reproductive Tissue Niche Under Oxidative Stress Have High Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity.
abstract: The use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) in regenerative medicine often requires MSC to function in environments of high oxidative stress. Human pregnancy is a condition where the mother's tissues, and in particular her circulatory system, are exposed to increased levels of oxidative stress. MSC in the maternal decidua basalis (DMSC) are in a vascular niche, and thus would be exposed to oxidative stress products in the maternal circulation. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are a large family of enzymes which detoxify aldehydes and thereby protect stem cells against oxidative damage. A subpopulation of MSC express high levels of ALDH (ALDH(br)) and these are more potent in repairing and regenerating tissues. DMSC was compared with chorionic villous MSC (CMSC) derived from the human placenta. CMSC reside in vascular niche and are exposed to the fetal circulation, which is in lower oxidative state. We screened an ALDH isozyme cDNA array and determined that relative to CMSC, DMSC expressed high levels of ALDH1 family members, predominantly ALDH1A1. Immunocytochemistry gave qualitative confirmation at the protein level. Immunofluorescence detected ALDH1 immunoreactivity in the DMSC and CMSC vascular niche. The percentage of ALDH(br) cells was calculated by Aldefluor assay and DMSC showed a significantly higher percentage of ALDH(br) cells than CMSC. Finally, flow sorted ALDH(br) cells were functionally potent in colony forming unit assays. DMSC, which are derived from pregnancy tissues that are naturally exposed to high levels of oxidative stress, may be better candidates for regenerative therapies where MSC must function in high oxidative stress environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.|Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
authors.forename: Gina D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kusuma
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/ King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Abdulaziz Medical City - National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Mail Code 3124, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abumaree
authors.affiliation: Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pertile
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 9726, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.|Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
authors.forename: Shaun P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Brennecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. Bill.kalionis@thewomens.org.au.|Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. Bill.kalionis@thewomens.org.au.
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalionis
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Chorionic villi; Decidua; Mesenchymal stem cells; Placenta