title: Readability Levels of Dental Patient Education Brochures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate dental patient education brochures produced since 2000 to determine if there is any change in the Flesch-Kincaid grade level readability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 36 brochures was obtained for analysis of the readability of the patient education material on multiple dental topics. Readability was measured using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level through Microsoft Word. Pearson's correlation was used to describe the relationship among the factors of interest. Backward model selection of multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the relationship between Flesch-Kincaid Grade level and a set of predictors included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A convenience sample (n=36) of dental education brochures produced from 2000 to 2014 showed a mean Flesch-Kincaid reading grade level of 9.15. Weak to moderate correlations existed between word count and grade level (r=0.40) and characters count and grade level (r=0.46); strong correlations were found between grade level and average words per sentence (r=0.70), average characters per word (r=0.85) and Flesch Reading Ease (r=-0.98). Only 1 brochure out of the sample met the recommended sixth grade reading level (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 5.7). Overall, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of all brochures was significantly higher than the recommended sixth grade reading level (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study demonstrated that there has generally been an improvement in the Flesch-Kincaid grade level readability of the brochures. However, the majority of the brochures analyzed are still testing above the recommended sixth grade reading level.
authors.forename: Catherine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Boles
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: November-Rider
mesh_terms: D032882:Comprehension; D004497:Education, Dental; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D009909:Oral Health / Q000193:education; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011932:Reading
keywords: Flesch-Kincaid grade level; health literacy; oral health literacy; patient education materials; readability