title: Modified glycan models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation do not enhance the human-anti-pig T cell response.
abstract: Genetically modified porcine models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation offer the most immediate answer to a growing shortage of available solid organs. Recently a modified porcine glycan model has been discovered that reduces human antibody binding to levels comparable with allograft standards. As this background provides an answer to the problem of acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR), it is important to consider the impact these modifications have on measures of cell-mediated rejection. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of currently relevant glycan knockout models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation in a lymphocyte proliferation assay. To accomplish these goals, genetically modified pigs were created through CRISPR/Cas9-directed silencing of the GGTA1, and CMAH genes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and spleen cells were obtained from these animals and used as a source of stimulation for human responders in one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions. The response was tested in the presence and absence of clinically available immunomodifiers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically relevant glycan knockout models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation do not enhance the human-anti-pig cellular response. Currently available and conventional immunosuppression has the capacity to mediate the human xenogeneic T cell response to these knockout cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA.
authors.forename: Zheng-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA.
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ladowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tector
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN USA. Electronic address: jtector@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: A Joseph
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tector
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C074383:CMPacetylneuraminate monooxygenase; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; C530267:alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1, porcine
keywords: Cellular responses; Glycan; Sialic acid; T cell; Xenotransplantation