title: Home-made online hyphenation of pressurized liquid extraction, turbulent flow chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography, Cistanche deserticola as a case study.
abstract: Incompatibility between the conventional pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) devices and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) extensively hinders direct and green chemical analysis of herbal materials. Herein, a facile PLE module was configured, and then it was online hyphenated with HPLC via a turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) column. Regarding PLE module, a long PEEK tube (0.13 × 1000 mm) was employed to generate desired pressure (approximately 13.0 MPa) when warm acidic water (70 °C) was delivered as extraction solvent at a high flow rate (2.5 mL/min), and a hollow guard column (3.0 × 4.0 mm) was implemented to hold crude materials. Effluent was collected from the outlet of PEEK tube, concentrated, and subjected onto HPLC coupled with hybrid ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometer to assess the extraction efficiency and also to profile the chemical composition of Cistanche deserticola (CD) that is honored as "Ginseng of the desert". Afterwards, a TFC column was introduced to accomplish online transmission of low molecule weight components from PLE module to HPLC coupled with diode array detection, and two electronic 6-port/2-channel valves were in charge of alternating the whole system between extraction (0-3.0 min) and elution (3.0-35.0 min) phases. Quantitative method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of eight primary phenylethanoid glycosides in CD using online PLE-TFC-HPLC. All findings demonstrated that the home-made platform is advantageous at direct chemical analysis, as well as time-, solvent-, and material-savings, suggesting a robust tool for chemical fingerprinting of herbs.
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Thermo-Fisher Scientific Corporation, Shanghai 201205, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: syltwc2005@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuelin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: pengfeitu@163.com.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D031671:Cistanche / Q000737:chemistry*; D006027:Glycosides; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides
keywords: Cistanche deserticola; Direct chemical analysis; Online pressurized liquid extraction; Phenylethanoid glycosides; Turbulent flow chromatography