title: Antioxidant therapy improves non-thyroidal illness syndrome in uremic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The roles of antioxidant therapy on non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in uremic rats is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank, 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 10 mg/100 g), sodium bicarbonate (SB, 0.1 g/100 g), N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 80 mg/100 g) and thyroid hormones (TH, levothyroxine 2 μg/100 g) groups. The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), interleukin (IL)-1β, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected in the sixth week. The expressions of IL-1β and deiodinase type 1 (DIO1) were assessed by western blotting. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory signal pathway was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with 5/6 Nx group, PDTC and NAC significantly reduced the levels (p < 0.01, respectively) of serum MDA, AOPP, TSH, and elevated levels of serum SOD (p < 0.01, respectively) and FT3 (p = 0.016 and p < 0.01). Neither had significant effects on serum IL-1β content (p = 0.612 and p = 0.582). PDTC and NAC markedly decreased the protein expression of IL-1β (p < 0.01) and increased the protein expression of DIO1 (p < 0.01), respectively. Both had been considerably blunted NF-κB activity (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In uremic rat model, PDTC and NAC can effectively improve oxidative stress level and NTIS. In terms of improving oxidative stress level, NAC is probably superior to PDTC.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China ;|b Medical Center of the Graduate School , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China ;
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: c Department of Nephrology , Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital , Nanchang , China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China ;
authors.forename: Gaosi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005067:Euthyroid Sick Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: 5/6 Nephrectomy model; chronic renal failure; deiodinase; non-thyroidal illness syndrome; oxidative stress