title: Long-Term Predictors of Social and Leisure Activity 10 Years after Stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Restrictions in social and leisure activity can have negative consequences for the health and well-being of stroke survivors. To support the growing number of people who are ageing with stroke, knowledge is needed about factors that influence such activity in a long-term perspective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify long-term predictors of the frequency of social and leisure activities 10 years after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  145 stroke survivors in Sweden were followed-up at 16 months and 10 years after a first-ever stroke. Data representing body functions, activities & participation, environmental factors and personal factors at 16 months after stroke, were used in multiple linear regression analyses to identify predictors of the activity frequency after 10 years, as assessed by the 'Community, social and civic life' sub-domain of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI-CSC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 10-year follow-up the frequency of social and leisure activities varied considerably among the participants, with FAI-CSC scores spanning the entire score range 0-9 (mean/median 4.9/5.0). Several factors at 16 months post stroke were independently related to the long-term activity frequency. The final regression model included four significant explanatory variables. Driving a car (B = 0.999), ability to walk a few hundred meters (B = 1.698) and extent of social network (B = 1.235) had a positive effect on activity frequency, whereas an age ≥ 75 years had a negative effect (B = -1.657). This model explained 36.9% of the variance in the FAI-CSC (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke survivors who drive a car, have the ability to walk a few hundred meters and have a wide social network at 16 months after a first-ever stroke are more likely to have a high frequency of social and leisure activities after 10 years, indicating that supporting outdoor mobility and social anchorage of stroke survivors during rehabilitation is important to counteract long-term inactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norlander
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carlstedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann-Cathrin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.|Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund-Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lexell
authors.affiliation: Department of Technology and Society, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ståhl
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund-Malmö, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwarsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020521:Stroke; D017741:Survivors; D013548:Sweden