title: Healthy adolescent performance on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): Developmental data from two samples of volunteers.
abstract: The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) fills a significant need for a standardized battery of cognitive tests to use in clinical trials for schizophrenia in adults aged 20-59. A need remains, however, to develop norms for younger individuals, who also show elevated risks for schizophrenia. Toward this end, we assessed performance in healthy adolescents. Baseline MCCB, reading and IQ data were obtained from healthy controls (ages 12-19) participating in two concurrent NIMH-funded studies: North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study phase 2 (NAPLS-2; n=126) and Boston Center for Intervention Development and Applied Research (CIDAR; n=13). All MCCB tests were administered except the Managing Emotions subtest from the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. Data were collected from 8 sites across North America. MCCB scores were presented in four 2-year age cohorts as T-scores for each test and cognitive domain, and analyzed for effects of age and sex. Due to IQ differences between age-grouped subsamples, IQ served as a covariate in analyses. Overall and sex-based raw scores for individual MCCB tests are presented for each age-based cohort. Adolescents generally showed improvement with age in most MCCB cognitive domains, with the clearest linear trends in Attention/Vigilance and Working Memory. These control data show that healthy adolescence is a dynamic period for cognitive development that is marked by substantial improvement in MCCB performance through the 12-19 age range. They also provide healthy comparison raw scores to facilitate clinical evaluations of adolescents, including those at risk for developing psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia-related conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: wstone@bidmc.Harvard.edu.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Raquelle I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Mesholam-Gately
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Worcester Recovery Center and Hospital, Worcester, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Woodberry
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Addington
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Lose Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Carrie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bearden
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Kristin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cadenhead
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Tyrone D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cornblatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Mathalon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McGlashan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Diana O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Genomics, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
authors.forename: Elaine F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Brockton VA Medical Center, Brockton, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McCarley
authors.affiliation: Division of Adult Translational Research and Treatment Development, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Seidman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: Adolescents; Clinical high risk; Cognition; Healthy controls; MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; Psychosis; Schizophrenia