title: HIV-1 Reservoirs During Suppressive Therapy.
abstract: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) 20 years ago has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1. Initially there was hope that ART would be curative, but it quickly became clear that even though ART was able to restore CD4(+) T cell counts and suppress viral loads below levels of detection, discontinuation of treatment resulted in a rapid rebound of infection. This is due to persistence of a small reservoir of latently infected cells with a long half-life, which necessitates life-long ART. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in defining and characterizing the latent reservoir of HIV-1, and here we review how understanding the latent reservoir during suppressive therapy will lead to significant advances in curative approaches for HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Kirston
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winckelmann
authors.affiliation: Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: sarah.palmer@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019562:Viral Load; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: HIV-1; HIV-1 reservoirs; latent HIV-1; long-term ART; memory CD4(+) T cells; persistent HIV-1