title: Cyclophosphamide combined with mitoxantrone and cytarabine is an effective salvage regimen for patients with acute myeloid leukemia who experienced primary induction failure or relapse.
abstract: Salvage regimens containing mitoxantrone have been successfully used for the treatment of primary induction failure or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. However, the combination of cyclophosphamide with mitoxantrone and cytarabine (MAC) has never been assessed in these patients. A total of 91 patients, including patients with primary induction failure (n=44) and relapsed (n=47), were treated with a salvage MAC regimen, which consisted of mitoxantrone, cytarabine and cyclophosphamide. The overall complete remission rate was 74.7 (68/91) and 72.7% (32/44) for primary induction failure, and 76.6% (36/47) for relapsed patients. The overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 72.1 and 59.7% at 1 year, 42.9 and 47.1% at 3 years, and 36.7 and 43.0% at 5 years, respectively. Only one patient succumbed to mortality during induction therapy. The toxicity level was acceptable. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that MAC is a highly effective and well-tolerated regimen for salvage in patients experiencing primary induction failure or relapse. This treatment significantly improved the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shuning
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yingchang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kanqi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Benfa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guangji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuntao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bingcheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: MAC regimen; acute myeloid leukemia; primary induction failure; relapse