title: Epigenetics and Peripheral Artery Disease.
abstract: The term epigenetics is usually used to describe inheritable changes in gene function which do not involve changes in the DNA sequence. These typically include non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation and histone modifications. Smoking and older age are recognised risk factors for peripheral artery diseases, such as occlusive lower limb artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm, and have been implicated in promoting epigenetic changes. This brief review describes studies that have associated epigenetic factors with peripheral artery diseases and investigations which have examined the effect of epigenetic modifications on the outcome of peripheral artery diseases in mouse models. Investigations have largely focused on microRNAs and have identified a number of circulating microRNAs associated with human peripheral artery diseases. Upregulating or antagonising a number of microRNAs has also been reported to limit aortic aneurysm development and hind limb ischemia in mouse models. The importance of DNA methylation and histone modifications in peripheral artery disease has been relatively little studied. Whether circulating microRNAs can be used to assist identification of patients with peripheral artery diseases and be modified in order to improve the outcome of peripheral artery disease will require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. jonathan.golledge@jcu.edu.au.|Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia. jonathan.golledge@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golledge
authors.affiliation: The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biros
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Unit, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.|Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bingley
authors.affiliation: The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.|Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia.|Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
authors.forename: Smriti M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krishna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D057890:Epigenomics; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Abdominal aortic aneurysm; DNA methylation; Epigenetics; Peripheral artery disease; microRNAs