title: TiO2 Nanotubes: Nitrogen-Ion Implantation at Low Dose Provides Noble-Metal-Free Photocatalytic H2 -Evolution Activity.
abstract: Low-dose nitrogen implantation induces an ion and damage profile in TiO2 nanotubes that leads to "co-catalytic" activity for photocatalytic H2 -evolution (without the use of any noble metal). Ion implantation with adequate parameters creates this active zone limited to the top part of the tubes. The coupling of this top layer and the underlying non-implanted part of the nanotubes additionally contributes to an efficient carrier separation and thus to a significantly enhanced H2 generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science WW-4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB, Schottkystrasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Häublein
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science WW-4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science WW-4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nhat Truong
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zolnhofer
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science WW-4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuela S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Killian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB, Schottkystrasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science WW-4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany. schmuki@ww.uni-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmuki
keywords: H2 evolution; TiO2 nanotubes; ion implantation; nitrogen; photocatalysis