title: Dairy Product, Calcium Intake and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
abstract: The effects of dairy products on human health have been studied for years. However, the relationship between dairy products as well as calcium intake and the risk of lung cancer is still inconclusive. A total of 32 studies regarding this association were identified from the PubMed and Web of Science databases through April 1, 2015, including 12 cohort studies and 20 case-control studies. After pooling the results of individual studies, the summary RRs (relative risks) of lung cancer for the highest versus lowest intake were 1.05 (95%CI: 0.84-1.31) and 1.08 (95%CI: 0.80-1.46) for total dairy products and milk, respectively. The results on the consumption of cheese, yogurt and low-fat milk were also negative, and the RRs for total and dietary calcium intakes were 0.99 (95%CI: 0.70-1.38) and 0.85 (95%CI: 0.63-1.13), respectively. After stratifying by potential confounders, the results remained consistent in most subgroup analyses. Our study indicates that intake of dairy products or calcium was not statistically associated with the risk of lung cancer. This negative finding provides a conclusive answer to the disease association issue based on current evidence, and suggests that further efforts should be made to find other nutritional risk factors for lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.|Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary