title: In vitro efficacy of essential oils and extracts of Schinus molle L. against Ctenocephalides felis felis.
abstract: Extracts and essential oils from plants are important natural sources of pesticides. These compounds are considered an alternative to control ectoparasites of veterinary importance. Schinus molle, an endemic species of Brazil, produces a high level of essential oil and several other compounds. The aim of this work was to determinate the chemical composition of extracts and essential oils of S. molle and further to evaluate the activity against eggs and adults of Ctenocephalides felis felis, a predominant flea that infests dogs and cats in Brazil. In an in vitro assay, the non-polar (n-hexane) extract showed 100% efficacy (800 µg cm(-2); LD50 = 524·80 µg cm(-2)) at 24 and 48 h. Its major compound was lupenone (50·25%). Essential oils from fruits and leaves were evaluated, and had 100% efficacy against adult fleas at 800 µg cm(-2) (LD50 = 353·95 µg cm(-2)) and at 50 µg cm(-2) (LD50 = 12·02 µg cm(-2)), respectively. On the other hand, the essential oil from fruits and leaves was not active against flea eggs. This is the first study that reports the insecticidal effects of essential oils and extracts obtained from Schinus molle against Ctenocephalides felis felis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology,Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,CEP 23897-000,Seropédica,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian C De S O
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology,Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,CEP 23897-000,Seropédica,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Yara P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Cid
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudo Químico e Farmacológico de Produtos Naturais e Derivados LAEQUIFAR-PD,Universidade Severino Sombra (USS),Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: De Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry,Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,CEP 23897-000,Seropédica,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Edlene R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Prudêncio
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry,Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,CEP 23897-000,Seropédica,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiano J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Riger
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry,Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,CEP 23897-000,Seropédica,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco A A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology,Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,CEP 23897-000,Seropédica,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coumendouros
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science,Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,CEP 23897-000,Seropédica,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas S A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-9538
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chaves
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D058251:Ctenocephalides / Q000187:drug effects*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Brazilian plants; Essential oil; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; cat flea; interdisciplinary study; sesquiterpenes; toxicity; triterpenes