title: Observations of resistance through minimum inhibitory concentrations trends for respiratory specimens of commonly isolated organisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) trends among common bacterial organisms found in respiratory isolates in the trauma intensive care unit setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective observational study, MIC data was reviewed over a three year period from January 2009 to December 2011 for the three most frequently identified organisms isolated from respiratory specimens in a trauma intensive care unit along with corresponding hospital data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently isolated bacterial species identified were Staphylococcus aureus (229 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (129 isolates), and Acinetobacter species (87 isolates) in the analysis within our institution from 2009-2011. There was considerable variability among the MIC trends for the analyzed organisms. For Pseudomonas isolates, observed sensitivities were as high as 100% for antibiotics ciprofloxacin and imipenem in 2009, but decreased over the next two years in 2010 and 2011. There was considerable variability among the MIC trends for Acinetobacter over the three year period for the antibiotics tested. The MIC data for most Staphylococcus aureus isolates over the three years were sensitive to vancomycin with little change in the observed MIC data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data reported is observational and indicates the need for future studies to establish a valid relationship of the MIC data over time in our institution particularly among our gram negative organisms, to monitor patterns of antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: PGY1 Pharmacy Practice Resident, Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy/Louisiana State University Interim Hospital; New Orleans, LA cgillard@xula.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gillard
authors.affiliation: Fulbright Scholar and Clinical Assistant Professor at Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy and Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist at Louisiana State University Interim Hospital; New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Dahir
authors.affiliation: Clinical Assistant Professor at Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy and Infectious Disease Clinical Pharmacist at Louisiana State University Interim Hospital; New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brakta
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000639:trends; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D014640:Vancomycin; D015378:Imipenem