title: Reactive Oxygen Species Imaging in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributors to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, there are insufficient tools for their in vivo evaluation.
  
  
  
  To determine if a chemiluminescent ROS reporter, coelenterazine, would be a useful tool for the detection of immune cell activation, the macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) was treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Additionally, coelenterazine was used to monitor the changes in ROS production over time in a mouse model of IBD.
  
  
  
  In vitro, coelenterazine enabled the dynamic monitoring of the RAW 264.7 cell oxidative burst. In vivo, there were early, preclinical, changes in the localization and magnitude of coelenterazine chemiluminescent foci.
  
  
  
  Coelenterazine offers a high-throughput method for assessing immune cell activation in culture and provides a means for the in vivo detection and localization of ROS during IBD disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bronsart
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Linh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Habtezion
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. ccontag@stanford.edu.|Departments of Radiology, Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. ccontag@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Contag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000378:metabolism; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D011719:Pyrazines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C017144:coelenterazine
keywords: Coelenterazine; Imaging; Inflammatory bowel disease; Reactive oxygen species; Superoxide anion