title: Anthocyanins and their gut metabolites reduce the adhesion of monocyte to TNFα-activated endothelial cells at physiologically relevant concentrations.
abstract: An increasing number of evidence suggests a protective role of dietary anthocyanins against cardiovascular diseases. Anthocyanins' extensive metabolism indicates that their metabolites could be responsible for the protective effects associated with consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of plasma anthocyanins and their metabolites on the adhesion of monocytes to TNFα-activated endothelial cells and on the expression of genes encoding cell adhesion molecules. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to circulating anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, anthocyanin degradation product: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, or to their gut metabolites: protocatechuic, vanillic, ferulic and hippuric acid, at physiologically-relevant concentrations (0.1-2 μM) and time of exposure. Both anthocyanins and gut metabolites decreased the adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs, with a magnitude ranging from 18.1% to 47%. The mixture of anthocyanins and that of gut metabolites also reduced monocyte adhesion. However, no significant effect on the expression of genes encoding E-selectin, ICAM1 and VCAM1 was observed, suggesting that other molecular targets are involved in the observed effect. In conclusion, this study showed the potency of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites to modulate the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells, the initial step in atherosclerosis development, under physiologically-relevant conditions.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krga
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Laurent-Emmanuel
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Monfoulet
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konic-Ristic
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glibetic
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: dragan.milenkovic@clermont.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milenkovic
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D019040:E-Selectin; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Anthocyanins; Cell adhesion molecules; Endothelial cells; Gene expression; Gut metabolites; Monocyte adhesion