title: Interaction between deglutition, tongue posture, and malocclusion: A comparison of intraoral compartment formation in subjects with neutral occlusion or different types of malocclusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the null hypothesis of no significant difference in terms of intraoral pressure curve characteristics assessed simultaneously at the subpalatal space (SPS) and the vestibular space (VS), during different oral postures, between four groups with either an Angle Class II/1 (II1), Angle Class II/2 (II2), anterior open bite (O) malocclusion, or a neutral occlusion control group (I).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoral pressure recordings were performed simultaneously in the VS and SPS of 69 consecutive subjects (nII1  =  15; nII2  =  17; nO  =  17; nI  =  20; mean age/standard deviation 18.43/6.60 years). Assessments included defined sections of open mouth posture (OMP, 30 seconds), anteriorly closed mouth condition (60 seconds), dynamics by a tongue-repositioning maneuver (TRM, 60 seconds), swallowing, and positive pressure generation (PP, 10 seconds). Interactions of malocclusion, compartment location, and posture on pressure curve characteristics were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests, adopting an α level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Globally significant group differences were detected at the VS (plateau duration and median peak heights during TRM; area under pressure curve [AUC] during PP) and SPS (AUC during TRM and PP). Subjects with anteriorly nonopen dental configurations (groups I and II2) were able to keep negative pressure levels at the VS for longer time periods during TRM, compared to groups O and II1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The null hypothesis was rejected for mean VS plateau durations and peak heights and for SPS AUC. Negative pressures at the VS may stabilize outer soft tissues passively and may explain the dental arch form shaping effect by mimic muscles.
authors.affiliation: a  Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, and Private Practice, Hamburg, Germany; and Visiting Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knösel
authors.affiliation: b  Research Fellow, Dentist, Private Practice, Itzehoe, Germany.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nüser
authors.affiliation: c  Biostatistician, Professor, Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: d  Biostatistician, Research Assistant, Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.affiliation: e  Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Engelke
authors.affiliation: f  Professor, Department of Paediatrics and Orthodontics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandoval
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003679:Deglutition; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion; D014059:Tongue; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Deglutition; Intraoral pressure; Malocclusion; Norm-occlusion; Oral posture; Tongue posture