title: Scattering and Diffraction of Elastodynamic Waves in a Concentric Cylindrical Phantom for MR Elastography.
abstract: The focus of this paper is to report on the design and construction of a multiply connected phantom for use in magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-an imaging technique that allows for the noninvasive visualization of the displacement field throughout an object from externally driven harmonic motion-as well as its inverse modeling with a closed-form analytic solution which is derived herein from first principles.
  
  
  
  Mathematically, the phantom is described as two infinite concentric circular cylinders with unequal complex shear moduli, harmonically vibrated at the exterior surface in a direction along their common axis. Each concentric cylinder is made of a hydrocolloid with its own specific solute concentration. They are assembled in a multistep process for which custom scaffolding was designed and built. A customized spin-echo-based MR elastography sequence with a sinusoidal motion-sensitizing gradient was used for data acquisition on a 9.4 T Agilent small-animal MR scanner. Complex moduli obtained from the inverse model are used to solve the forward problem with a finite-element method.
  
  
  
  Both complex shear moduli show a significant frequency dependence (p 0.001) in keeping with previous work.
  
  
  
  The novel multiply connected phantom and mathematical model are validated as a viable tool for MRE studies.
  
  
  
  On a small enough scale much of physiology can be mathematically modeled with basic geometric shapes, e.g., a cylinder representing a blood vessel. This study demonstrates the possibility of elegant mathematical analysis of phantoms specifically designed and carefully constructed for biomedical MRE studies.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Ziying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Temel K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yasar
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Altaf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Allen Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Royston
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Magin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012542:Scattering, Radiation