title: Guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) has compiled a set of guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding using evidence-based methods. The major cause of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is peptic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding. As a result, these guidelines mainly focus on peptic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding, although bleeding from other causes is also overviewed. From the epidemiological aspect, in recent years in Japan, bleeding from drug-related ulcers has become predominant in comparison with bleeding from Helicobacter pylori (HP)-related ulcers, owing to an increase in the aging population and coverage of HP eradication therapy by national health insurance. As for treatment, endoscopic hemostasis, in which there are a variety of methods, is considered to be the first-line treatment for bleeding from almost all causes. It is very important to precisely evaluate the severity of the patient's condition and stabilize the patient's vital signs with intensive care for successful endoscopic hemostasis. Additionally, use of antisecretory agents is recommended to prevent rebleeding after endoscopic hemostasis, especially for gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding. Eighteen statements with evidence and recommendation levels have been made by the JGES committee of these guidelines according to evidence obtained from clinical research studies. However, some of the statements that are supported by a low level of evidence must be confirmed by further clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikitaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kakushima
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoteya
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikinori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimaoka
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahagi
authors.affiliation: Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: bleeding peptic ulcer; endoscopic examination; endoscopic hemostasis; gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding; upper gastrointestinal bleeding