title: Could gestational diabetes mellitus be managed through dietary bioactive compounds? Current knowledge and future perspectives.
abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious problem growing worldwide that needs to be addressed with urgency in consideration of the resulting severe complications for both mother and fetus. Growing evidence indicates that a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, extra-virgin olive oil and fish has beneficial effects in both the prevention and management of several human diseases and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the latest data concerning the effects of dietary bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and PUFA on the molecular mechanisms regulating glucose homoeostasis. Several studies, mostly based on in vitro and animal models, indicate that dietary polyphenols, mainly flavonoids, positively modulate the insulin signalling pathway by attenuating hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, reducing inflammatory adipokines, and modifying microRNA (miRNA) profiles. Very few data about the influence of dietary exposure on GDM outcomes are available, although this approach deserves careful consideration. Further investigation, which includes exploring the 'omics' world, is needed to better understand the complex interaction between dietary compounds and GDM.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety,Unit of Nutrition,Italian National Institute of Health,Viale Regina Elena 299,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Experimental Medicine,2nd Section of Cell Pathology,Sapienza University of Rome,Viale Regina Elena 324,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zicari
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Experimental Medicine,Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology,Sapienza University of Rome,Viale Regina Elena 324,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mandosi
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety,Unit of Nutrition,Italian National Institute of Health,Viale Regina Elena 299,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scazzocchio
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Experimental Medicine,2nd Section of Cell Pathology,Sapienza University of Rome,Viale Regina Elena 324,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Experimental Medicine,Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology,Sapienza University of Rome,Viale Regina Elena 324,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morano
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety,Unit of Nutrition,Italian National Institute of Health,Viale Regina Elena 299,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masella
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000188:drug therapy; D004032:Diet; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005638:Fruit; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005419:Flavonoids; D007328:Insulin; D035683:MicroRNAs; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: ALA 
                    α-linolenic acid; AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase; AT adipose tissue; Adipokines; Akt protein kinase B; C3G cyanidin-3-glucoside; Dietary polyphenols; EGCG epigallocatechin gallate; FA fatty acids; FABP FA-binding protein; GDM gestational diabetes mellitus; Gestational diabetes mellitus; IR insulin resistance; IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate 1; LA linoleic acid; LC-PUFA long-chain PUFA; MedDiet Mediterranean-style diet; Mediterranean diet; MicroRNA; Molecular mechanisms; PUFA; RSV resveratrol; T2D type 2 diabetes; miRNA microRNA