title: Dioxin distribution characteristics and health risk assessment in different size particles of fly ash from MSWIs in China.
abstract: During the process of treating and recycling Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (MSWIs) fly ash, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (dl-PCBs) in fly ash may potentially mobilize in the atmosphere and be widely distributed in the environment because of the inevitable re-suspension. Thus, this work presents the distributions of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in inhalable coarse particles (Dp10-2.5 (particle diameter in μm)), fine particles (Dp<2.5) of fly ash and original fly ash from four MSWI plants in China. The results show that PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs preferentially concentrated in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5. Their mass concentrations and TEQ were significantly higher than those in the original fly ash, but the distribution of PCDD/Fs congeners in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5 was close to that in the original fly ash. The main TEQ contribution included 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,7,8-TeCDD in PCDDs and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF in PCDFs for Dp10-2.5, Dp<2.5 fractions and the original fly ash. Furthermore, the mass and TEQ contribution of dl-PCBs was relatively low. In addition, compared with the fluidized bed, the samples from the grate-type furnaces had significantly lower dioxin concentrations. In terms of potential health risk, the non-carcinogenic risk of PCDD/Fs in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5 were estimated at 9.87 × 10(-1) to 4.81 and 1.19-7.95. For the carcinogenic risk of PCDD/Fs, both accumulation of Hazard Quotients (HQ) in Dp10-2.5 and Dp<2.5 exceeded the threshold limit and should be considered as unacceptable risk for onsite workers. The above findings could provide data to support the risk management of MSWI fly ash during the process of recycle and disposal.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Simiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Jizhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motegi
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonemochi
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan. Electronic address: o.kokyo@pref.saitama.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Kokyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China. Electronic address: grqian@shu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangren
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D060729:Coal Ash; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D062611:Solid Waste; C105430:benzofuran
keywords: Dioxins; Health risk; Inhalable fine particles; MSWI fly ash