title: chr genes from adaptive replicons are responsible for chromate resistance by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400.
abstract: The chromate ion transporter (CHR) superfamily includes proteins that confer chromate resistance by extruding toxic chromate ions from cytoplasm. Burkholderia xenovorans strain LB400 encodes six CHR homologues in its multireplicon genome and has been reported as highly chromate-resistant. The objective of this work was to analyze the involvement of chr redundant genes in chromate resistance by LB400. It was found that B. xenovorans plant rhizosphere strains lacking the megaplasmid are chromate-sensitive, suggesting that the chr gene present in this replicon is responsible for the chromate-resistance phenotype of the LB400 strain. Transformation of a chromate-sensitive B. xenovorans strain with each of the six cloned LB400 chr genes showed that genes from 'adaptive replicons' (chrA1b and chr1NCb from chromosome 2 and chrA2 from the megaplasmid) conferred higher chromate resistance levels than chr genes from 'central' chromosome 1 (chrA1a, chrA6, and chr1NCa). An LB400 insertion mutant affected in the chrA2 gene displayed a chromate-sensitive phenotype, which was fully reverted by transferring the chrA2 wild-type gene, and partially reverted by chrA1b or chr1NCb genes. These data indicate that chr genes from adaptive replicons, mainly chrA2 from the megaplasmid, are responsible for the B. xenovorans LB400 chromate-resistance phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Reyes-Gallegos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico. cvega1999@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cervantes
mesh_terms: D019117:Burkholderia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D002840:Chromates / Q000633:toxicity*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010957:Plasmids; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D002840:Chromates; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins
keywords: Adaptive replicons; Burkholderia xenovorans; CHR superfamily; Chromate resistance; Gene redundancy