title: Analysis of Osteoclastogenesis/Osteoblastogenesis on Nanotopographical Titania Surfaces.
abstract: A focus of orthopedic research is to improve osteointegration and outcomes of joint replacement. Material surface topography has been shown to alter cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth. The use of nanotopographical features to promote cell adhesion and bone formation is hoped to improve osteointegration and clinical outcomes. Use of block-copolymer self-assembled nanopatterns allows nanopillars to form via templated anodization with control over height and order, which has been shown to be of cellular importance. This project assesses the outcome of a human bone marrow-derived co-culture of adherent osteoprogenitors and osteoclast progenitors on polished titania and titania patterned with 15 nm nanopillars, fabricated by a block-copolymer templated anodization technique. Substrate implantation in rabbit femurs is performed to confirm the in vivo bone/implant integration. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate increased osteogenesis on the nanopillar substrate with scanning electron microscopy, histochemical staining, and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis performed. Osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture analysis shows an increase in osteoblastogenesis-related gene expression and reduction in osteoclastogenesis. Supporting this in vitro finding, in vivo implantation of substrates in rabbit femora indicates increased implant/bone contact by ≈20%. These favorable osteogenic characteristics demonstrate the potential of 15 nm titania nanopillars fabricated by the block-copolymer templated anodization technique.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Silverwood
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fairhurst
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Engineering Group, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sjöström
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Findlay
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, P. R. China.|The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southern Medical University, Southern Hospital, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Engineering Group, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.
authors.forename: Robert M D
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dalby
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Penelope M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Tsimbouri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: nanotopography; osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture; osteointegration; titania