title: Monitoring of essential and heavy metals in green tea from different geographical origins.
abstract: The present study measured the concentrations of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) and other elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni) in tea leaves and their infusions. The total metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Phosphorus concentration was determined using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Assessment of the mineral composition enabled determination of the leaching percentage and the risk of exceeding provisional tolerable weekly intake for Cd through daily tea consumption. The concentrations of bioelements were analyzed based on the recommended daily intake values for each. According to recently established standards, green tea was found to be a rich source of Mn. The average Pb and Cd levels in a 200-mL beverage were 0.002 and 0.003 mg, respectively. Indian teas had the highest percentage of Cd leaching (43.8%) and Chinese tea had the lowest (9.41%). Multivariate analysis techniques such as factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to differentiate samples according to geographical origin (China, India, or Japan). Potassium, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, and Cd were effective descriptors for the identification of tea samples from China, India, and Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brzezicha-Cirocka
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland. mgrembecka@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grembecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szefer
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007564:Japan; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008903:Minerals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013662:Tea
keywords: Cluster analysis; Factor analysis; Green tea; Heavy metals; PTWI