title: Small Players Ruling the Hard Game: siRNA in Bone Regeneration.
abstract: Silencing gene expression through a sequence-specific manner can be achieved by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The discovery of this process has opened the doors to the development of siRNA therapeutics. Although several preclinical and clinical studies have shown great promise in the treatment of neurological disorders, cancers, dominant disorders, and viral infections with siRNA, siRNA therapy is still gaining ground in musculoskeletal tissue repair and bone regeneration. Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature to summarize different siRNA delivery strategies utilized to enhance bone regeneration. With advancement in understanding the targetable biological pathways involved in bone regeneration and also the rapid progress in siRNA technologies, application of siRNA for bone regeneration has great therapeutic potential. High rates of musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, and their inevitable consequences, impose a huge financial burden on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.|Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghadakzadeh
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoude
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.|Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Reggie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabrizian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
keywords: BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING; DELIVERY SYSTEMS; FRACTURE HEALING; GENE THERAPY; NONUNION BONE HEALING; OLIGOTHERAPEUTIC; SMALL INTERFERING RNA