title: Quercetin Directly Interacts with Vitamin D Receptor (VDR): Structural Implication of VDR Activation by Quercetin.
abstract: The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. The VDR binds to active vitamin D3 metabolites, which stimulates downstream transduction signaling involved in various physiological activities such as calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization, and cell differentiation. Quercetin is a widely distributed flavonoidin nature that is known to enhance transactivation of VDR target genes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying VDR activation by quercetin is not well understood. We firstdemonstrated the interaction between quercetin and the VDR at the molecular level by using fluorecence quenching and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments. The dissociation constant (Kd) of quercetin and the VDR was 21.15 ± 4.31 μM, and the mapping of quercetin subsites for VDR binding was performed using STD-NMR. The binding mode of quercetin was investigated by a docking study combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Quercetin might serve as a scaffold for the development of VDR modulators with selective biological activities.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.|College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ka Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.|College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Duk
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seo
keywords: Fluorescence; Molecular dynamics simulation; Quercetin; STD-NMR; VDR