title: Invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis in organ transplants--Focus on lung transplants.
abstract: Infections with filamentous fungi are common in transplant recipients. The risk for aspergillosis and other invasive pulmonary mycosis (IPM) is high in patients undergoing stem cell and lung transplantations. The mortality rates range from 20% to 60% and depend on a number of risk factors. The typical manifestations of IPM are lung infiltrates, consolidations, and fungal tracheobronchitis. The most common infectious agent is Aspergillus fumigatus. Infections caused by non-Aspergillus molds are more frequent for various reasons. The species distribution of non-Aspergillus molds varies in different locations. Furthermore, infections caused by Mucor and Penicillium are increasing, as are infections caused by species resistant to azoles and amphotericin B. Most centers use antifungal prophylaxis with inhaled amphotericin B or oral azoles. Early diagnosis and therapy is crucial. Reliable information on the local microbiological spectrum is a prerequisite for the effective treatment of molds with primary or secondary resistance to antimycotic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Academic Hospital Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Feschnigstr. 11, A-9020 Klagenfurt, Austria. Electronic address: christian.geltner@kabeg.at.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geltner
authors.affiliation: Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lass-Flörl
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D055744:Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: Aspergillosis; Immunosuppression; Lung transplantation; Mold infection; Solid organ transplantation