title: Longitudinal Course of Risk for Parental Postadoption Depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) could be used to reveal distinct classes of adoptive parents across time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal data were collected via online surveys at 4 to 6 weeks preplacement, 4 to 6 weeks postplacement, and 5 to 6 months postplacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were primarily clients of the largest adoption agency in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 127 adoptive parents (68 mothers and 59 fathers).
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied a latent class growth analysis to the PDPI-R and conducted mixed effects modeling of class, time, and class × time interaction for the following categories of explanatory variables: parental expectations, interpersonal variables, psychological symptoms, and life orientation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four latent trajectory classes were found. Class 1 (55% of sample) showed a stably low level of PDPI-R scores over time. Class 2 (32%) reported mean scores below the cut-off points at all three time points. Class 3 (8%) started with scores at an intermediate level that increased after postplacement but decreased at 5 to 6 months postplacement. Class 4 (5%) had high mean scores at all three time points. Significant main effects were found for almost all explanatory variables for class and for several variables for time. Significant interactions between class and time were found for expectations about the child and amounts of love and ambivalence in parent's intimate relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings may help nurses be alert to trajectories of risk for postadoption depression. Additional factors not included in the PDPI-R may be needed to determine risk for postadoption depression in adoptive parents.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Foli
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: South
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hebdon
mesh_terms: D000300:Adoption / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: adoption; anxiety; longitudinal; nursing; postadoption depression; risk