title: The role of toll like receptors in giant cell arteritis.
abstract: GCA is a common primary systemic vasculitis that results in granulomatous inflammation of medium to large arteries. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms combine to drive intimal hyperplasia, luminal stenosis and ultimately occlusion. While the pathogenesis of GCA is incompletely understood, the activation of resident adventitial dendritic cells via toll like receptors (TLRs) appears to be a crucial inciting event. Here we explore the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of GCA, including their effects on dendritic cell and T cell activation and recruitment, putative infectious triggers for GCA and the potential of TLR inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in GCA.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Elm Park, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.affiliation: Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Elm Park, Dublin, 4, Ireland e.molloy@st-vincents.ie.
authors.forename: Eamonn S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Molloy
mesh_terms: D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: dendritic cells; giant cell arteritis pathogenesis; toll like receptors; vascular inflammation