title: Antimicrobial Activity and Stability of Short and Long Based Arachnid Synthetic Peptides in the Presence of Commercial Antibiotics.
abstract: Four antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) named Pin2[G], Pin2[14], P18K and FA1 were chemically synthesized and purified. The four peptides were evaluated in the presence of eight commercial antibiotics against four microorganisms of medical importance: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The commercial antibiotics used were amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and vancomycin. The best AMP against P. aeruginosa was the peptide FA1, and the best AMP against S. aureus was Pin2[G]. Both FA1 and Pin2[G] were efficient against E. coli, but they were not effective against K. pneumoniae. As K. pneumoniae was resistant to most of the commercial antibiotics, combinations of the AMPs FA1 and Pin2[G] were prepared with these antibiotics. According to the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, the best antimicrobial combinations were obtained with concomitant applications of mixtures of FA1 with levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. However, combinations of FA1 or Pin2[G] with other antibiotics showed that total inhibitory effect of the combinations were greater than the sum of the individual effects of either the antimicrobial peptide or the antibiotic. We also evaluated the stability of the AMPs. The AMP Pin2[G] manifested the best performance in saline buffer, in supernatants of bacterial growth and in human blood plasma. Nevertheless, all AMPs were cleaved using endoproteolytic enzymes. These data show advantages and disadvantages of AMPs for potential clinical treatments of bacterial infections, using them in conjunction with commercial antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico. arsoivan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico. elbav@uaem.mx.
authors.forename: Elba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorios Liomont SA de CV, Adolfo López Mateos 68, Cuajimalpa, Cuajimalpa de Morelos, México City 05000, Mexico. owalls@liomont.com.mx.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Walls
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico. humberto.barrios@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.affiliation: Laboratorios Liomont SA de CV, Adolfo López Mateos 68, Cuajimalpa, Cuajimalpa de Morelos, México City 05000, Mexico. rrodrigu@liomont.com.mx.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico. corzo@ibt.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corzo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000737:chemistry; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D013111:Spider Venoms
keywords: antibiotic; antimicrobial peptide; bacteria; peptide