title: Insomnia and Relationship with Anxiety in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Designed Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep disorders (SDs) are now recognized as a public health concern with considerable psychiatric and societal consequences specifically on the academic life of students. The aims of this study were to assess SDs in a group of university students in Lebanon and to examine the relationship between SDs and anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Saint-Joseph University, Lebanon, during the academic year 2013-2014. Four questionnaires were face-to-face administered to 462 students after obtaining their written consent: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of clinically significant insomnia was 10.6% (95% CI: 7.8-13.4%), more frequent in first year students. ISI mean score was 10.06 (SD = 3.76). 37.1% of the participants were poor sleepers. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and poor sleep were significantly more frequent among participants with clinical insomnia (p = 0.031 and 0.001 respectively). Clinically significant anxiety was more frequent in students suffering from clinical insomnia (p = 0.006) and in poor sleepers (p = 0.003). 50.8% of the participants with clinically significant anxiety presented EDS versus 30.9% of those with no clinically significant anxiety (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnitude of SDs in this sample of Lebanese university students demonstrate the importance of examining sleep health in this population. Moreover, the link between SD and anxiety reminds us of the importance of treating anxiety as soon as detected and not simply targeting the reduction of sleep problems.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nour
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choueiry
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salamoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.|Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.|Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El Osta
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.|Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hajj
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.|Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rabbaa Khabbaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult