title: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and rheumatic disease in the Warao, Kari'ña, and Chaima indigenous populations of Monagas State, Venezuela.
abstract: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and rheumatic diseases in the Warao, Kari'ña, and Chaima indigenous populations of Monagas State, Venezuela. A cross-sectional, analytical, community-based study was conducted in 1537 indigenous subjects ≥18 years old (38.6 % male, mean age 41.4 ± 17.5 years). The cross-culturally validated Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) diagnostic questionnaire was applied. Subjects with a positive COPCORD diagnosis (either historic or current pain) were evaluated by primary care physicians and rheumatologists. A descriptive analysis was performed and comparisons made using analysis of variance and the chi-square test. Pain in the last 7 days was reported by 32.9 %, with pain intensity, according to a Likert-type scale [no pain, 195 (38.5 %); minimal pain, 231 (45.6 %); strong pain, 68 (13.4 %); intense pain, 5 (0.9 %)], 38.0 % reported historical pain, and 641 (41.7 %) had either historic or current pain. Of the COPCORD-positive subjects, pain most frequently occurred in the knee, back, and hands. Musculoskeletal and rheumatic diseases included osteoarthritis (14.1 %), back pain (12.4 %), rheumatic regional pain syndromes (RRPS) (9.7 %), undifferentiated arthritis (1.5 %), rheumatoid arthritis (1.1 %), and fibromyalgia (0.5 %). Chaima (18.3 %) and Kari'ña (15.6 %) subjects had a high prevalence of osteoarthritis, and Warao subjects had a high prevalence of low back pain (13.8 %). The prevalence of RRPS was high in all three ethnic groups. The Chaima group had the highest prevalence of rheumatic diseases, with 2.0 % having rheumatoid arthritis. This study provides useful information for health care policy-making in indigenous communities.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar, Maturín, Monagas, Venezuela. ymgranados@gmail.com.|Centro Medico, 5º Piso Consultorio 4, Sector Las Avenidas, Maturín, Estado Monagas, 6201, Venezuela. ymgranados@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ysabel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Granados
authors.affiliation: Health Network "Barrio Adentro", Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Celenia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosillo
authors.affiliation: Health Network "Barrio Adentro", Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Ligia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cedeño
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Central de Maracay, Maracay, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Yanira
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: IVSS "Dr. Cesar Rodríguez", Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Gloris
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Health Network "Barrio Adentro", Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Geovalis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Hospital "Dr. José A. Urrestarazu", Caripe, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Health Network "Barrio Adentro", Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Damarys
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Health Network "Barrio Adentro", Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maestre
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar, Maturín, Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Sol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berbin
authors.affiliation: Private Clinical Center, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chacón
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stekman
authors.affiliation: Health Indigenous Department, Estado Monagas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Evart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valls
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ingris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peláez-Ballestas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001416:Back Pain / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000208:ethnology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000208:ethnology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014687:Venezuela / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Indigenous populations; Musculoskeletal diseases; Prevalence; Rheumatic diseases; Venezuela