title: Single-site Versus Multiport Robotic Hysterectomy in Benign Gynecologic Diseases: A Retrospective Evaluation of Surgical Outcomes and Cost Analysis.
abstract: To compare the surgical outcomes and costs of robotic-assisted hysterectomy with the single-site (RSSH) or multiport approach (RH).
  
  
  
  A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database (Canadian Task Force classification II1).
  
  
  
  A university hospital.
  
  
  
  Consecutive women who underwent robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for the treatment of benign gynecologic diseases.
  
  
  
  Data on surgical approach, surgical outcomes, and costs were collected in a prospective database and retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  
  The total operative time, console time, docking time, estimated blood loss, conversion rate, and surgical complications rate were compared between the 2 study groups. Cost analysis was performed. One hundred four patients underwent total robotic-assisted hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (45 RSSH and 59 RH). There was no significant difference in the indications for surgery and in the characteristics of the patients between the 2 study groups. There was no significant difference between the single-site and multiport approach in console time, surgical complication rate, conversion rate, and postoperative pain. The docking time was lower in the RH group (p = .0001). The estimated blood loss and length of hospitalization were lower in the RSSH group (p = .0008 and p = .009, respectively). The cost analysis showed significant differences in favor of RSSH.
  
  
  
  RSSH should be preferred to RH when hysterectomy is performed for benign disease because it could be at least as equally effective and safe with a potential cost reduction. However, because of the high cost and absence of clear advantages, the robotic approach should be considered only for selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: s.bogliolo@smatteo.pv.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bogliolo
authors.affiliation: Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassani
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Musacchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanellini
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dominoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Arsenio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gardella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Complications; Costs; Robotic hysterectomy; Robotic-assisted laparoscopy; Single-port robotic hysterectomy; Single-site robotic hysterectomy