title: Sevoflurane and thiopental preconditioning attenuates the migration and activity of MMP-2 in U87MG glioma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor cell migration and diffuse infiltration into brain parenchyma are known causes of recurrence after treatment in glioblastoma (GBM), mediated in part by the interaction of glioma cells with the extracellular matrix, followed by degradation of matrix by tumor cell derived proteases, particularly the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Sevoflurane and thiopental are anesthetics commonly used in cancer surgery. However, their effect on the progression of glioma cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of these anesthetics on the migration and activity of MMP-2 in glioma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured U87MG cells were pretreated with sevoflurane or thiopental and in vitro wound healing scratch assay was carried out to analyze their effect on migration of these cells. Gelatin zymography was carried out to examine the effect of these anesthetics on tumor cell MMP-2 activity using the conditioned media 24 h after pretreatment. Cell viability was analyzed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  U87MG cells exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane or different concentrations of thiopental significantly decreased migration and activity of MMP-2 compared to control. No effect was seen on the viability of these cells after pretreatment with sevoflurane or thiopental.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that both sevoflurane and thiopental have inhibitory effect on the migration and MMP-2 activity in glioma cells. Thus, it is important that the choice of anesthetics to be used during glioma surgery takes into account their inhibitory properties against the tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India.
authors.forename: Fathima Kamaluddin
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Hurmath
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India.
authors.forename: Palaniswamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Umamaheswara Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India. Electronic address: drnandanl@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nandakumar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah
keywords: Anesthetics; Glioblastoma; Matrix metalloproteinases; Migration