title: Application of ionic liquids in vacuum microwave-assisted extraction followed by macroporous resin isolation of three flavonoids rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin from Sorbus tianschanica leaves.
abstract: Rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin were effectively extracted from Sorbus tianschanica leaves by an ionic liquid vacuum microwave-assisted method. A series of ionic liquids with various anions and alkyl chain length of the cations were studied and the extraction was performed in [C6mim][BF4] aqueous solution. After optimization by a factorial design and response surface methodology, total extraction yield of 2.37mg/g with an error of 0.12mg/g (0.71±0.04mg/g, 1.18±0.06mg/g and 0.48±0.02 for rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin, respectively) was achieved under -0.08MPa for vacuum, 19min and 420W for microwave irradiation time and power, and 15mL/g for liquid-solid ratio. The proposed method here is more efficient and needs a shorter extraction time for rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin from S. tianschanica leaves than reference extraction techniques. In stability studies performed with standard rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin, the target analytes were stable under the optimum conditions. The proposed method had a high reproducibility and precision. In addition, separation of rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin from [C6mim][BF4] extraction solution was completed effectively by AB-8 macroporous resin adsorption and desorption process. Ionic liquid vacuum microwave-assisted extraction is a simple, rapid and efficient sample extraction technique.
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. Electronic address: hygnefu@126.com.
authors.forename: Huiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Fengli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zang
mesh_terms: D006569:Hesperidin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012431:Rutin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031994:Sorbus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012431:Rutin; C021304:hyperoside; D011794:Quercetin; D006569:Hesperidin
keywords: Hesperidin; Hyperoside; Ionic liquid; Macroporous resin; Rutin; Sorbus tianschanica; Vacuum microwave-assisted extraction