title: 17β-Estradiol alters oxidative damage and oxidative stress response protein expression in the mouse mammary gland.
abstract: Although substantial evidence has demonstrated that parity and 17β-estradiol (E2) reduce mammary carcinogenesis, it is not clear how this protection is conferred. Thus, we examined the effects of parity and E2 treatment in the mammary glands of ovariectomized 15 week-old virgin mice, 15 week-old primiparous mice, and 9 month-old retired breeders. E2 treatment significantly increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and protein nitrosylation in the virgin mice, but not in the age-matched primiparous mice or retired breeders. Mammary gland expression of the oxidative stress response protein Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase was consistently reduced in all of the E2-treated mice regardless of parity. Expression of the oxidative stress and DNA repair protein apurinic endonuclease (Ape1) was significantly increased only in the mammary glands of the E2-treated retired breeders. These findings suggest that E2 and parity help to reduce mammary oncogenesis by maintaining the structure and function of proteins, lipids, and DNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Lisi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Yvonne S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: anardull@life.illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nardulli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D065840:Protective Factors; D050050:Protein Carbonylation
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; C486216:Apex1 protein, mouse; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase
keywords: 17β-estradiol; Apurinic endonuclease; Estrogen receptor α; Mammary gland; Oxidative stress; Superoxide dismutase