title: A Polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum Improves Liver Function in Type 2 Diabetic Rats via Antioxidant Action and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Excretion.
abstract: The present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma atrum (PSG-1) on liver function in type 2 diabetic rats. Results showed that PSG-1 decreased the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while increasing hepatic glycogen levels. PSG-1 also exerted strong antioxidant activities, together with upregulated mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) in the liver of diabetic rats. Moreover, the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were significantly higher in the liver, serum, and faeces of diabetic rats after treating with PSG-1 for 4 weeks. These results suggest that the improvement of PSG-1 on liver function in type 2 diabetic rats may be due to its antioxidant effects, SCFA excretion in the colon from PSG-1, and regulation of hepatic glucose uptake by inducing GLUT4 translocation through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.|Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Xue
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
authors.forename: Le-He
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.|College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University , Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.|School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: De-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000975:Antioxidants; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006003:Glycogen; D047495:PPAR gamma; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011134:Polysaccharides; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Ganoderma atrum; liver function; polysaccharide; short-chain fatty acids; type 2 diabetes