title: Myopia among school students in rural China (Yunnan).
abstract: We described the prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in school children of different ethnicities in a rural community in Yunnan province, China.
  
  
  
  A total of 7681 (93.4%) primary and secondary school students aged 5-16 years in Mangshi participated in this study. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using an auto-refractor. Information regarding demographic factors, socioeconomic status and lifestyle-related exposures were collected using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk factors for myopia and high myopia.
  
  
  
  The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.0, 40.2) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4, 0.8) in this study. Myopia prevalence increased significantly with increasing age (p for trend <0.001). Girls were more likely to have myopia compared with boys (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the presence of myopia was associated with increasing height (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03), computer use (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32), having myopic father (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94), having myopic mother (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.63), and increasing time on reading (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28) after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity.
  
  
  
  Nowadays myopia but not high myopia is prevalent among school children in rural China. Significant ethnic differences in myopia prevalence were not observed. A significant 'cohort effect' of myopia previously observed in urban cities had occurred in rural communities in China.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Deng-Juan
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: China; cohort effect; myopia; public health