title: Metabolomics in diabetes, a review.
abstract: Metabolomics is a promising approach for the identification of chemical compounds that serve for early detection, diagnosis, prediction of therapeutic response and prognosis of disease. Moreover, metabolomics has shown to increase the diagnostic threshold and prediction of type 2 diabetes. Evidence suggests that branched-chain amino acids, acylcarnitines and aromatic amino acids may play an early role on insulin resistance, exposing defects on amino acid metabolism, β-oxidation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. This review aims to provide a panoramic view of the metabolic shifts that antecede or follow type 2 diabetes. Key messages BCAAs, AAAs and acylcarnitines are strongly associated with early insulin resistance. Diabetes risk prediction has been improved when adding metabolomic markers of dysglycemia to standard clinical and biochemical factors.
authors.affiliation: a Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad De México , D.F ;
authors.forename: Rigoberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pallares-Méndez
authors.affiliation: a Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad De México , D.F ;
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Salinas
authors.affiliation: a Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad De México , D.F ;
authors.forename: Ivette
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cruz-Bautista
authors.affiliation: b Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica , Tlalpan , Ciudad De México , D.F.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Del Bosque-Plata
mesh_terms: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D015415:Biomarkers; C116917:acylcarnitine; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Acylcarnitines; aromatic amino acids; branched-chain amino acids; diabetes; dysglycemia; insulin resistance; mass spectrometry; metabolomics; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; obesity