title: Bacterial subclinical mastitis and its effect on milk yield in low-input dairy goat herds.
abstract: The objectives of this study were (1) to record the major pathogens associated with subclinical mastitis (SCM), (2) to calculate their incidence during the milking period, and (3) to estimate the effect of SCM on daily milk yield (DMY) for goats reared under low-input management schemes. Dairy goats (n=590) of Skopelos and indigenous Greek breeds from 4 herds were randomly selected for the study. The study included monthly monitoring, milk yield recording, and bacteriological analyses of milk of individual goats during the course of 2 successive milking periods. Incidence and cumulative incidence were calculated for SCM cases. Moreover, 2 mixed linear regression models were built to assess the effects of (1) SCM and (2) different pathogens isolated from SCM cases, on DMY. The estimated incidence and cumulative incidence of SCM for the first and the second year of the study were 69.5 and 96.4 new cases of SCM/1,000 goat-months, and 24.1 and 31.7%, respectively. A total of 755 milk samples were subjected to microbiological examination, resulting in 661 positive cultures. Coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from 50.2 and 34.5% of the positive cultures, respectively. The incidence of infections (new infections per 1,000 goat-months) for the first and the second year of the study were 34 and 53 for coagulase-negative staphylococci, 23 and 28 for coagulase-positive staphylococci, 3 and 5 for Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp., and 5.5 and 9.1 for gram-negative bacteria. Goats with SCM had lower DMY when compared with goats without SCM (ca. 47g/d, corresponding to a 5.7% decrease in DMY). In particular, goats with SCM due to coagulase-positive staphylococci infection produced approximately 80g/d less milk (a reduction of ca. 9.7%) compared with uninfected ones, whereas SCM due to gram-negative bacteria resulted in approximately 15% reduction in DMY. Investigating the epidemiology of SCM and its effects on production traits is critical for the establishment of effective preventive measures against SCM and for the assessment of the sustainability of production in low-input dairy goat herds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: gelasakis@vet.auth.gr.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Gelasakis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Angelidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giannakou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious, Parasitic Diseases and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filioussis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kalamaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arsenos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006041:Goats; D007774:Lactation; D008413:Mastitis / Q000662:veterinary; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification
keywords: dairy goat; low-input system; milk yield; subclinical mastitis