title: Using NMR-Based Metabolomics to Evaluate Postprandial Urinary Responses Following Consumption of Minimally Processed Wheat Bran or Wheat Aleurone by Men and Women.
abstract: Wheat bran, and especially wheat aleurone fraction, are concentrated sources of a wide range of components which may contribute to the health benefits associated with higher consumption of whole-grain foods. This study used NMR metabolomics to evaluate urine samples from baseline at one and two hours postprandially, following the consumption of minimally processed bran, aleurone or control by 14 participants (7 Females; 7 Males) in a randomized crossover trial. The methodology discriminated between the urinary responses of control, and bran and aleurone, but not between the two fractions. Compared to control, consumption of aleurone or bran led to significantly and substantially higher urinary concentrations of lactate, alanine, N-acetylaspartate acid and N-acetylaspartylglutamate and significantly and substantially lower urinary betaine concentrations at one and two hours postprandially. There were sex related differences in urinary metabolite profiles with generally higher hippurate and citrate and lower betaine in females compared to males. Overall, this postprandial study suggests that acute consumption of bran or aleurone is associated with a number of physiological effects that may impact on energy metabolism and which are consistent with longer term human and animal metabolomic studies that used whole-grain wheat diets or wheat fractions.
authors.affiliation: The Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK. ramandeep.garg@um.edu.mt.
authors.forename: Ramandeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04V1W8, Ireland. lorraine.brennan@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: The Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK. rk.price@ulster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ruth K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: The Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK. j.wallace@ulster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Julie M W
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: The Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK. jj.strain@ulster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04V1W8, Ireland. mike.gibney@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK. peter.shewry@rothamsted.ac.uk.|School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK. peter.shewry@rothamsted.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shewry
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK. jane.ward@rothamsted.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Computer Information Systems, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta. lalit.garg@um.edu.mt.
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: The Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK. rw.welch@ulster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000652:urine; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D001622:Betaine / Q000652:urine; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D006626:Hippurates / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000652:urine; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004151:Dipeptides; D006626:Hippurates; C027172:isospaglumic acid; D019343:Citric Acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D001622:Betaine; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D000409:Alanine; C030514:hippuric acid
keywords: N-acetylaspartate; N-acetylaspartylglutamate; NMR metabolomics; alanine; betaine; energy metabolism; hippurate; lactate; sex differences; urine; wheat aleurone; wheat bran