title: Mechanical response of cardiovascular stents under vascular dynamic bending.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, the effect of vascular dynamic bending (VDB) has not been fully considered when studying cardiovascular stents' long-term mechanical properties, as the previous studies about stent's mechanical properties mostly focus on the effect of vascular pulsation (VP). More and more clinical reports suggested that the effect of VDB have a significant impact on stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, an explicit-implicit coupling simulation method was applied to analyze the mechanical responses of cardiovascular stents considering the effect of VDB. The effect of VP on stent mechanical properties was also studied and compared to the effect of VDB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the dynamic bending deformation occurred in stents due to the effect of VDB. The effects of VDB and VP resulted in alternating stress states of the stent, while the VDB alternate stresses effective on the stent were almost three times larger than that of the VP. The stress concentration under VDB mainly occurred in bridge struts and the maximal stress was located in the middle loops of the stent. However, the stress distributed uniformly in the stents under the effect of VP. Stent fracture occurred more frequently as a result of VDB with the predicted fracture position located in the bridging struts of the stent. These results are consistent with the reported data in clinical literatures. The stress of the vessel under VDB was higher, than that caused by VP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that the effect of VDB has a significant impact on the stent's stress distribution, fatigue performance and overall stress on the vessel, thus it is necessary to be considered when analyzing stent's long-term mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the results showed that the explicit-implicit coupling simulation can be applied to analyze stent mechanical properties.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. xujiang0123@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. yangchenjie@home.swjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Material Engineering and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. huangnan1956@163.com.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA. cgu213@lehigh.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA. yiz311@lehigh.edu.
authors.forename: Yihua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. yal310@lehigh.edu.|Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA. yal310@lehigh.edu.|Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA. yal310@lehigh.edu.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D003331:Coronary Vessels; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D011312:Pressure; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012306:Risk; D015607:Stents; D013314:Stress, Mechanical