title: Consumer consciousness on meat and the environment - Exploring differences.
abstract: Global environmental challenges require changes in both the production and the consumption of goods. In this paper we analyse how consumers perceive the high environmental burden of meat. We analysed consumer environmental consciousness, including problem awareness and a support to action dimensions, latter including perceived self-efficacy as well as solutions to problems. The solutions were positioned on a continuum from increasing the efficiency of production to discussing sufficiency levels in consumption practices (techno-optimism, local meat, organic meat and meat reduction, respectively). We used a statistically representative survey sample (n = 1890) from the population of Finland and cluster analysis to explore differences among consumers. The analysis revealed that most Finns seem to be rather unsure of the study topic. At the same time they tend to have a comparably high level of self-efficacy (55 per cent of respondents) and endorsement of particularly local meat solution type (55%), followed by organic meat (35%), meat reduction (25%) and techno-optimism (15%), though the neutral stand was the most common one across the data. We also identified six consumer groups that reveal not only a high number of Highly unsure consumers (40%), but also some Rather conscious (20%) and a relatively small number of Highly conscious (8%). In addition, there were also easily observable groups of Careless conscious (14%), Rather unsure (9%) and Resistant (8%). The results highlight the need for a multitude of political actions to guide meat consumption, as there are groups that may benefit from practical tools for making dietary changes as well as groups in need for more comprehensive selection of measures, including environmental information.
authors.affiliation: Finland Futures Research Centre, University of Turku, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: pasi.j.pohjolainen@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pohjolainen
authors.affiliation: Finland Futures Research Centre, University of Turku, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: petri.tapio@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tapio
authors.affiliation: School of Management, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: markus.vinnari@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinnari
authors.affiliation: School of Management, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: pekka.t.jokinen@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: pekka.rasanen@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Räsänen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002755:Choice Behavior; D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005518:Food Preferences; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cluster analysis; Consciousness; Consumption; Environment; Meat