title: Prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) and its genotypes in cervical specimens of Egyptian women by linear array HPV genotyping test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with cervical cancer is well established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate HPV genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence in cervical specimens from a group of Egyptian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 152 women with and without cervical lesions were studied. All women had cervical cytology and HPV testing. They were classified according to cytology into those with normal cytology, with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cervical samples were analyzed to identify the presence of HPV by PCR, and all positive HPV-DNA samples underwent viral genotype analysis by means of LINEAR ARRAY HPV Genotyping assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 HPV types with a prevalence of 40.8 % were detected. This prevalence was distributed as follows: 17.7 % among cytologically normal females, 56.5, 3.2, and 22.6 % among those with LSIL, HSIL and invasive SCC respectively. Low-risk HPV types were detected in 81.8 % of the cytologically-normal women, in 5.7 % of those in LSIL women, and in 14.3 % of infections with invasive SCC, while no low-risk types were detected in HSIL. High-risk HPV types were detected in 18.2 % of infections in the cytologically normal women, 14.3 % of infections in LSIL, and in 21.4 % of invasive lesions. The probable and possible carcinogenic HPV were not detected as single infections. Mixed infection was present in 80 % of women with LSIL, in 100 % of those with HSIL, and in 64.3 % of those with invasive SCC. This difference was statistically significant. HPV 16, 18 and 31 were the most prevalent HR HPV types, constituting 41.9, 29.03 and 12.9 % respectively, and HPV 6, 62 and CP6108 were the most prevalent LR HPV types constituting 11.3, 9.7 and 9.7 % respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data expand the knowledge concerning HPV prevalence and type distribution in Egypt which may help to create a national HPV prevention program. HPV testing using the LINEAR ARRAY HPV Genotyping assay is a useful tool when combined with cytology in the diagnosis of mixed and non-conventional HPV viral types.
authors.affiliation: Department of obstetrics& gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; Egyptian International Fertility IVF-ET center-Cairo, 16 Elhassan Ben Ali, Nast City, Cairo Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Department of clinical & chemical pathology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Lobna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abdelsalam
authors.affiliation: Department of medical microbiology & immunology, Faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Reem Abdelhameed
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harfoush
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Iman Mamdouh
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Talaat
authors.affiliation: Department of obstetrics& gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elkattan
authors.affiliation: Department of chemical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohey
authors.affiliation: Department of obstetrics& gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rana M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Abdella
authors.affiliation: Department of clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa Salah
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Farhan
authors.affiliation: Department of chemical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hany Ahmed
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Foad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer Mostafa
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elsayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Naglaa A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Elkinaai
authors.affiliation: Department of clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Doaa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghaith
authors.affiliation: National Organization for Research & Control of Biologicals (NORCB), Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Elsayed
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rashed
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics& Gynecology, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Abd-El
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghafar
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics& Gynecology, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khamis
authors.affiliation: Department of obstetrics& gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hosni
keywords: Cervical smear; Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions; Human papillomavirus (HPV); Linear Array HPV genotyping