title: Cinnamon intake alleviates the combined effects of dietary-induced insulin resistance and acute stress on brain mitochondria.
abstract: Insulin resistance (IR), which is a leading cause of the metabolic syndrome, results in early brain function alterations which may alter brain mitochondrial functioning. Previously, we demonstrated that rats fed a control diet and submitted to an acute restraint stress exhibited a delayed mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of dietary and emotional stressors as found in western way of life. We studied, in rats submitted or not to an acute stress, the effects of diet-induced IR on brain mitochondria, using a high fat/high fructose diet (HF(2)), as an IR inducer, with addition or not of cinnamon as an insulin sensitizer. We measured Ca(2+) retention capacity, respiration, ROS production, enzymatic activities and cell signaling activation. Under stress, HF(2) diet dramatically decreased the amount of Ca(2+) required to open the mPTP (13%) suggesting an adverse effect on mitochondrial survival. Cinnamon added to the diet corrected this negative effect and resulted in a partial recovery (30%). The effects related to cinnamon addition to the diet could be due to its antioxidant properties or to the observed modulation of PI3K-AKT-GSK3β and MAPK-P38 pathways or to a combination of both. These data suggest a protective effect of cinnamon on brain mitochondria against the negative impact of an HF(2) diet. Cinnamon could be beneficial to counteract deleterious dietary effects in stressed conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex France; U1055 - INSERM, F-38041 Grenoble France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex France; U1055 - INSERM, F-38041 Grenoble France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hininger
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex France; U1055 - INSERM, F-38041 Grenoble France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poulet
authors.affiliation: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex France; U1055 - INSERM, F-38041 Grenoble France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: Département Neurosciences & Contraintes Opérationnelles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, France; Ecole du Val de Grâce, 1 place Alphonse Laveran, 75230 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canini
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex France; U1055 - INSERM, F-38041 Grenoble France. Electronic address: Cecile.Batandier@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Batandier
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000263:Adenylate Kinase
keywords: Acute stress; Brain; Insulin resistance; Mitochondria; Permeability transition pore; Polyphenols