title: Feasibility of the subgroup criteria included in the treatment-strategy-based (TREST) classification system (CS) for patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The new treatment-strategy based (TREST) classification system (CS) is in its exploratory phase with potential to impact clinical decision-making in the management of non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of subgroup criteria included in TREST subgroups: pain modulation, stabilization exercise, mobilization, and training.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational cross-sectional investigation involving a secondary analysis of data from 128 examinations of NSLBP patients, categorized individually by four examiners into one of the TREST subgroups. Four separate multivariate logistic regression analyses in two models were applied to identify how examiners applied judgments on pain intensity, disability and predetermined signs and symptoms to categorize patients into subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Associations were found between the presence of "neurological signs and symptoms" (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.9-16), "irritability" (OR 3.0, 95% CI 3.2-20) and disability (ODI) >30 (OR 8.5, 95% CI 3-20) and the subgroup pain modulation; between the presence of "bilateral spinal signs" (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.1-29) and the subgroup stabilization exercise; between the presence of "specific segmental signs" (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.2-14) and ODI ≤30 (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.6) and the subgroup mobilization; between the presence of "neurological signs and symptoms" (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.4) and the subgroup training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings preliminary support feasibility of TREST subgroup criteria: neurological deficits, irritability, bilateral spinal signs, segmental signs and disability in the categorization of NSLBP patients. Further validation of the TREST classification system is required to establish its value in clinical reasoning and impact on patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Rehabcentralen, Ringvägen 2, SE 831 34 Östersund, Sweden. Electronic address: birgitta.widerstrom@ki.se.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Widerström
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, County Council, SE 871 85 Härnösand, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niclas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boström
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rasmussen-Barr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Manual therapy; Physiotherapy; Subgrouping; Treatment