title: Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts the prognosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response in critical care patients, has been suggested as an independent prognostic factor for several solid malignancies. We investigated the utility of pretreatment NLR as a prognosticator in patients who presented with metastatic prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first investigated the correlation between NLR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 1464 men who had both tests and were found to have prostate cancer on their biopsies at our institution from 1999 to 2015. We then assessed the relationship between pretreatment NLR and the prognosis in 48 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer metastasized to the lymph node and/or bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NLR value was significantly elevated in men with higher PSA than in those with lower PSA (p < 0.001). In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, NLR (cut-off point of 3.37 determined by the AUROC curve) was correlated with both cancer-specific (p = 0.018) and overall (p = 0.008) survivals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment NLR may function as a new biomarker that precisely predicts the prognosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. takashi_tk2001@yahoo.co.jp.|Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. takashi_tk2001@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. yumiko1@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. yusukeitou1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. pug_daikichi@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Photocatalyst Group, Special Research Laboratory, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan. hitoshi.ishiguro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. jteran@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teranishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. makiya@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makiyama
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. miyoyasu@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. hmiyamo1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. masayao@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. hu0428@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor