title: Activation of persulfate/copper by hydroxylamine via accelerating the cupric/cuprous redox couple.
abstract: Cuprous copper [Cu(I)] reacts with sodium persulfate (PDS) to generate sulfate radical SO4(-)•, but it has been seldom investigated owing to its instability and difficulty in dissolving it. This study proposes a new method to regenerate Cu(I) from cupric copper [Cu(II)] by addition of hydroxylamine (HA) to induce the continuous production of radicals through active PDS, and investigates the resulting enhanced methyl orange (MO) degradation efficiency and mechanism in the new system. HA accelerated the degradation of MO markedly in the pH range from 6.0 to 8.0 in the HA/Cu(II)/PDS process. Both SO4(-)• and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were considered as the primary reactive radicals in the process. The MO degradation in the HA/Cu(II)/PDS process can be divided into three stages: the fast stage, the transitory stage, and the low stage. MO degradation was enhanced with increased dosage of PDS. Although high dosage of HA could accelerate the transformation of the Cu(II)/Cu(I) cycle to produce more reactive radicals, excess HA can quench the reactive radicals. This study indicates that through a copper-redox cycling mechanism by HA, the production of SO4(-)• and •OH can be strongly enhanced, and the effective pH range can be expanded to neutral conditions.
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail: zjing428@163.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail: zjing428@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail: zjing428@163.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail: zjing428@163.com.
authors.forename: Yongli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail: zjing428@163.com.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail: zjing428@163.com.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019811:Hydroxylamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D019811:Hydroxylamine; C100258:methyl orange; D003300:Copper; C024625:sodium persulfate