title: Prevalence of hand osteoarthritis and its relationship to hand pain and grip strength in Japan: The third survey of the ROAD study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and pattern of hand osteoarthritis (HOA), and determine its relationship with grip strength and hand pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the participants of the third survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study, 507 Japanese men and 1028 Japanese women were included. Radiographs of both hands were graded for osteoarthritis (OA) using the modified Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale. HOA was defined as the presence of at least one affected joint. The absence or presence of subchondral erosion was also scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HOA (KL grade ≥2) was 89.9% in men and 92.3% in women (p = 0.11), and it was significantly associated with age. OA in the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint was the highest overall. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and the residing area, both severity (KL grade ≥3) and erosion were significantly related to low grip strength and hand pain. With regard to the joint groups, severe OA in the DIP and first carpometacarpal joints were related to hand pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a high prevalence of radiographic HOA and a significant relationship between hand pain and the severity of HOA, in addition to erosion.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan .
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Motor System Medicine .
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.affiliation: c Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain .
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: d Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan .
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iidaka
authors.affiliation: e Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teraguchi
authors.affiliation: e Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kagotani
authors.affiliation: e Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.affiliation: e Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Munehito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan .
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morizaki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan .
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: f Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Japan Community Health care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: g National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities , Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: g National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities , Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akune
authors.affiliation: d Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan .
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D050823:Hand Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography
keywords: Erosion; Hand; Osteoarthritis; Population-based; Prevalence