title: Vaccenic acid suppresses intestinal inflammation by increasing anandamide and related N-acylethanolamines in the JCR:LA-cp rat.
abstract: Vaccenic acid (VA), the predominant ruminant-derivedtransfat in the food chain, ameliorates hyperlipidemia, yet mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated whether VA could influence tissue endocannabinoids (ECs) by altering the availability of their biosynthetic precursor, arachidonic acid (AA), in membrane phospholipids (PLs). JCR:LA-cprats were assigned to a control diet with or without VA (1% w/w),cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (1% w/w) or VA+CLA (1% + 0.5% w/w) for 8 weeks. VA reduced the EC, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in the liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) relative to control diet (P< 0.001), but did not change AA in tissue PLs. There was no additive effect of combining VA+CLA on 2-AG relative to VA alone (P> 0.05). Interestingly, VA increased jejunal concentrations of anandamide and those of the noncannabinoid signaling molecules, oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide, relative to control diet (P< 0.05). This was consistent with a lower jejunal protein abundance (but not activity) of their degrading enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase, as well as the mRNA expression of TNFα and interleukin 1β (P< 0.05). The ability of VA to reduce 2-AG in the liver and VAT provides a potential mechanistic explanation to alleviate ectopic lipid accumulation. The opposing regulation of ECs and other noncannabinoid lipid signaling molecules by VA suggests an activation of benefit via the EC system in the intestine.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacome-Sosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vacca
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Rabban
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mangat
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Abdoulaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diane
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Randy C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reaney
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Jianheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Donna F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Vine
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Medical Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piomelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banni
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada spencer.proctor@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Spencer D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Proctor
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D009829:Oleic Acids; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C022203:N-acylethanolamines; C050413:11-octadecenoic acid; C078814:anandamide
keywords: N-acylethanolamines; anandamide; endocannabinoids; intestinal inflammatory diseases; vaccenic acid