title: Molecular serotyping and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in South Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes porcine pleuropneumonia (PP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in APP isolates from pigs in Korea were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five APP isolates were genetically serotyped using standard and multiplex PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested using the standardized disk-agar method. PCR was used to detect β-lactam, gentamicin and tetracycline-resistance genes. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns were determined by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Korean pigs predominantly carried APP serotypes 1 and 5. Among 65 isolates, one isolate was sensitive to all 12 antimicrobials tested in this study. Sixty-two isolates was resistant to tetracycline and 53 isolates carried one or five genes including tet(B), tet(A), tet(H), tet(M)/tet(O), tet(C), tet(G) and/or tet(L)-1 markers. Among 64 strains, 9% and 26.6% were resistance to 10 and three or more antimicrobials, respectively. Thirteen different antimicrobial resistance patterns were observed and RAPD analysis revealed a separation of the isolates into two clusters: cluster II (6 strains resistant to 10 antimicrobials) and cluster I (the other 59 strains).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show that APP serotypes 1 and 5 are the most common in Korea, and multi-drug resistant strains are prevalent. RAPD analysis demonstrated that six isolates resistant to 10 antimicrobials belonged to the same cluster.
authors.affiliation: a Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Boram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: a Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yeong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonyoung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea.
authors.forename: John Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique / Q000662:veterinary; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012703:Serotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Pig; antimicrobial resistance; porcine; serotypes