title: Self-assembled covalent capillary coating of diazoresin/carboxyl fullerene for analysis of proteins by capillary electrophoresis and a comparison with diazoresin/graphene oxide coating.
abstract: Self-assembled and covalently linked capillary coatings of carboxyl fullerenes (C60-COOH) were prepared using photosensitive diazoresin (DR) as a coupling agent. Layer by layer (LBL) self-assembled DR/C60-COOH coatings based on ionic bonding was fabricated first on the inner surface of silica capillary, and subsequently converted into covalent bonding after treatment with UV light through a unique photochemistry reaction of DR. The covalently bonded coatings had the ability of suppressing protein adsorption on the inner surface of silica capillary, and thus the baseline separation of lysozyme (Lys), cytochrome c (Cyt-c), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and myoglobin (Mb) was achieved within 13min by using capillary electrophoresis (CE). The covalently linked DR/C60-COOH capillary coatings presented good chemical stability and repeatability. The reproducibility of the separation of proteins was less than 1%, 2.5%, and 3.5%, respectively, for run-to-run, day-to-day, capillary-to-capillary, respectively; and the RSD of migration time for the proteins are all less than 2.5% after a continuous 100 times running in a coating column. Compared with DR/graphene oxide (GO) coatings prepared by the same method, the DR/C60-COOH capillary coatings showed excellent protein separation performance due to a self-lubrication based anti-fouling mechanism. Because of the replacement of highly toxic and moisture sensitive silane coupling agent by DR in the covalent coating preparation, this method may provide an environmentally friendly and simple way to prepare the covalently coated capillaries for CE.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, China. Electronic address: yubingqdu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, China. Electronic address: hailincong@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Huwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000032:analysis; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D009113:Muramidase; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000032:analysis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D037741:Fullerenes; D009211:Myoglobin; D011506:Proteins; C504851:diazoresin; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D006108:Graphite; D045304:Cytochromes c; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Capillary coating; Capillary electrophoresis; Carboxyl fullerene; Diazoresin; Protein