title: Effects of Polyphenol, Measured by a Biomarker of Total Polyphenols in Urine, on Cardiovascular Risk Factors After a Long-Term Follow-Up in the PREDIMED Study.
abstract: Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, accuracy and reliability of these studies may be increased using urinary total polyphenol excretion (TPE) as a biomarker for total polyphenol intake. Our aim was to assess if antioxidant activity, measured by a Folin-Ciocalteu assay in urine, is correlated with an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure and serum glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations) in an elderly population at high risk. A longitudinal study was performed with 573 participants (aged 67.3 ± 5.9) from the PREDIMED study (ISRCTN35739639). We used Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine TPE in urine samples, assisting with solid phase extraction. Participants were categorized into three groups according to changes in TPE. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess relationships between TPE and clinical cardiovascular risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. After a 5-year follow-up, significant inverse correlations were observed between changes in TPE and plasma triglyceride concentration (β = -8.563; P = 0.007), glucose concentration (β = -4.164; P = 0.036), and diastolic blood pressure (β = -1.316; P = 0.013). Our results suggest that the consumption of more polyphenols, measured as TPE in urine, could exert a protective effect against some cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Departament of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tresserra-Rimbau
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina-Remón
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN, Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castañer
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2700-7459
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.affiliation: Departament of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D059808:Polyphenols; D014280:Triglycerides