title: Exposure to industrial air pollutant emissions and lung function in children: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse effects on children's lung function. Few studies have examined lung function in relation to industrial emissions of air pollutants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was based on 2,833 respondents aged 6 to 18 for whom spirometry data were collected by the Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2011. The weighted sum of industrial air emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) within 25 km of the respondent's residence was derived using National Pollutant Release Inventory data. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between NOₓ and PM2.5 emissions and forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV₁), and the ratio of the two (FEV₁/FVC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Industrial air emissions of NOₓ were not significantly associated with lung function among males or females. Emissions of PM2.5 were negatively associated with FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC, but not FVC, among males. PM2.5 was not significantly related to lung function among females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations that emerged between lung function and industrial emissions of PM2.5 among males were consistent with airway obstruction. Further research is warranted to investigate the gender differences observed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
authors.forename: Suzy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Allan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: To
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Ambient air pollution; National Pollutant Release Inventory; nitrogen dioxide; outdoor air pollution; particulate matter