title: Systemic T Cells and Monocyte Characteristics in Patients with Denture Stomatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic inflammatory disorders of the oral cavity, such as periodontitis, were recently linked to systemic immune activation. Since fungal oral infections have not yet been studied in this respect, the aim of our study is to determine whether the local inflammation caused by oral fungal infection of the palatal tissue (denture stomatitis-DS) is associated with the systemic inflammatory response. This question is becoming essential as the population ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood of DS patients (n = 20) and control patients (n = 24) was assessed with flow cytometry to determine lymphocyte and monocyte profiles. Intracellular cytometric analysis was carried out to establish cytokine production by T cells. DS was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms of DS such as swelling and redness of oral mucosa, confirmed by microbiological swabs for fungal colonization with Candida species. The control group was recruited from denture users without clinical and microbiological signs of oral infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentages of peripheral lymphocytes, T cells, monocytes, and their subpopulations were similar in both studied groups. The exception was median percentages of CD25+ T cell subsets, which were significantly lower in DS patients than in control subjects. This reduction was observed in both CD4 T cell subset (16.7% and 28.1%; p = 0.0006) and CD8 T cell subset (4.6% and 7.0%; p = 0.007) CONCLUSIONS: While DS and associated local fungal infection do not overtly affect activation of monocytes or lymphocytes, the number of CD 25+ T cells is significantly lower in the DS patients, possibly indicating limited potential for the infection clearance in denture-using aging patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maciąg
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikołajczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matusik
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nosalski
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.|Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagan
authors.affiliation: Zbigniew Żak Voivodeship Dental Clinic, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maciąg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowakowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Osmenda
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.|Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guzik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.|Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cześnikiewicz-Guzik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013282:Stomatitis, Denture / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C508017:IL2RA protein, human; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
keywords: Candida albicans; Systemic inflammation; denture stomatitis; immune system; lymphocytes; monocytes