title: [3D modeling of the female pelvis by Computer-Assisted Anatomical Dissection: Applications and perspectives].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To achieve a 3D vectorial model of a female pelvis by Computer-Assisted Anatomical Dissection and to assess educationnal and surgical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the database of "visible female" of Visible Human Project(®) (VHP) of the "national library of medicine" NLM (United States), we used 739 transverse anatomical slices of 0.33mm thickness going from L4 to the trochanters. The manual segmentation of each anatomical structures was done with Winsurf(®) software version 4.3. Each anatomical element was built as a separate vectorial object. The whole colored-rendered vectorial model with realistic textures was exported in 3Dpdf format to allow a real time interactive manipulation with Acrobat(®) pro version 11 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each element can be handled separately at any transparency, which allows an anatomical learning by systems: skeleton, pelvic organs, urogenital system, arterial and venous vascularization. This 3D anatomical model can be used as data bank to teach of the fundamental anatomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This 3D vectorial model, realistic and interactive constitutes an efficient educational tool for the teaching of the anatomy of the pelvis. 3D printing of the pelvis is possible with the new printers.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie cancérologique-gynécologique et du sein, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France; URDIA anatomie, UFR biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France. Electronic address: vbalaya@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balaya
authors.affiliation: URDIA anatomie, UFR biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.affiliation: URDIA anatomie, UFR biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanore
authors.affiliation: URDIA anatomie, UFR biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salachas
authors.affiliation: URDIA anatomie, UFR biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Samoyeau
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie cancérologique-gynécologique et du sein, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie cancérologique-gynécologique et du sein, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bensaid
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie cancérologique-gynécologique et du sein, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornou
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie cancérologique-gynécologique et du sein, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: URDIA anatomie, UFR biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Service de chirurgie générale, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Douard
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie cancérologique-gynécologique et du sein, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: A-S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bats
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie cancérologique-gynécologique et du sein, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou (HEGP), 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lecuru
authors.affiliation: URDIA anatomie, UFR biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Service d'urologie, hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92151 Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delmas
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009317:National Library of Medicine (U.S.); D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply; D014481:United States; D014781:Viscera / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: 3D vectorial modeling; Anatomie pelvienne féminine; Female pelvic anatomy; Female pelvis; Modélisation vectorielle; Pelvis féminin; Réalité virtuelle; Segmentation from anatomical slices; Virtual dissection; Visible Human Project(®)