title: A universal mechanism of extreme events and critical phenomena.
abstract: The occurrence of extreme events and critical phenomena is of importance because they can have inquisitive scientific impact and profound socio-economic consequences. Here we show a universal mechanism describing extreme events along with critical phenomena and derive a general expression of the probability distribution without concerning the physical details of individual events or critical properties. The general probability distribution unifies most important distributions in the field and demonstrates improved performance. The shape and symmetry of the general distribution is determined by the parameters of the fluctuations. Our work sheds judicious insights into the dynamical processes of complex systems with practical significance and provides a general approach of studying extreme and critical episodes in a combined and multidisciplinary scheme.
authors.affiliation: Peter Grünberg Research Center, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications of China, Nanjing 210003, China.|Pioneer Research Center for Biomedical Nanocrystals, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016008:Statistical Distributions; D013597:Systems Analysis