title: Using Gelatin Nanoparticle Mediated Intranasal Delivery of Neuropeptide Substance P to Enhance Neuro-Recovery in Hemiparkinsonian Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intranasal administration of phospholipid-based gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) was prepared to investigate the neuro-recovery effects of neuropeptide Substance P (SP) on hemiparkinsonian rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SP-loaded gelatin nanoparticles (SP-GNP) were prepared by a water-in-water emulsion method and possessed high stability, encapsulating efficiency and loading capacity. PC-12 cells were used to examine the growth enhancement of SP-GNP in vitro by MTT assays and flow cytometry (FCM). The therapeutic effects of SP-GNP on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced hemiparkinsonian rats were assessed by quantifying rotational behavior and the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylated c-Jun protein (p-c-Jun) and Caspase-3 (Cas-3) expressed in substantia nigra (SN) region of hemiparkinsonian rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PC-12 cells under SP-GNP treatment showed better cell viability and lower degree of apoptosis than those under SP solution treatment. Hemiparkinsonian rats under intranasal SP-GNP administration demonstrated better behavioral improvement, higher level of TH in SN along with much lower extent of p-c-Jun and Cas-3 than those under intranasal SP solution administration and intravenous SP-GNP administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the advantages of GNP and nose-to-brain pathway, SP can be effectively delivered into the damaged SN region and exhibit its neuro-recovery function through the inhibition on JNK pathway and dopaminergic neuron apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.|The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.|Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Zheng
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Taizhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ze
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-Zhu
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SA.
authors.forename: Yi-Xiáng J
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wáng
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.|College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: Cui-Tao
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013373:Substance P / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D013373:Substance P; D016627:Oxidopamine; D005780:Gelatin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D053148:Caspase 3