title: The contribution of agricultural insecticide use to increasing insecticide resistance in African malaria vectors.
abstract: The fight against malaria is increasingly threatened by failures in vector control due to growing insecticide resistance. This review examines the recent primary research that addresses the putative relationship between agricultural insecticide use and trends in insecticide resistance. To do so, descriptive evidence offered by the new research was categorized, and additional factors that impact the relationship between agricultural insecticide use and observed insecticide resistance in malaria vectors were identified. In 23 of the 25 relevant recent publications from across Africa, higher resistance in mosquito populations was associated with agricultural insecticide use. This association appears to be affected by crop type, farm pest management strategy and urban development.
authors.affiliation: Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 22242 Valley Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. mollyreid5@gmail.com.|Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. mollyreid5@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Molly C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ellis.mckenzie@nih.gov.
authors.forename: F Ellis
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides