title: The prevalence and predictors of bipolar and borderline personality disorders comorbidity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data about the prevalence of borderline personality (BPD) and bipolar (BD) disorders comorbidity are scarce and the boundaries remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the prevalence of BPD in BD and BD in people with BPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library from inception till November 4, 2015. Articles reporting the prevalence of BPD and BD were included. A random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 42 papers were included: 28 considering BPD in BD and 14 considering BD in BPD. The trim and fill adjusted analysis demonstrated the prevalence of BPD among 5273 people with BD (39.94 ± 11.78 years, 44% males) was 21.6% (95% CI 17.0-27.1). Higher comorbid BPD in BD were noted in BD II participants (37.7%, 95% CI 21.9-56.6, studies=6) and North American studies (26.2%, 95% CI 18.7-35.3, studies=11). Meta regression established that a higher percentage of males and higher mean age significantly (p<0.05) predicted a lower prevalence of comorbid BPD in BD participants. The trim and fill adjusted prevalence of BD among 1814 people with BPD (32.22 ± 7.35 years, 21.5% male) was 18.5% (95% CI 12.7-26.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paucity of longitudinal/control group studies and accurate treatment records.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPD-BD comorbidity is common, with approximately one in five people experiencing a comorbid diagnosis. Based on current diagnostic constructs, and a critical interpretation of results, both qualitative and quantitative syntheses of the evidence prompt out the relevance of differences rather similarities between BD and BPD.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, NY, USA. Electronic address: mf3000@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornaro
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Hermanas Hospitalarias - Villa San Giuseppe, Ascoli Piceno, Italy. Electronic address: laura.orsolini@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orsolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: sfnmarini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.affiliation: National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, Teramo, Italy. Electronic address: dodebera@aliceposta.it.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Berardis
authors.affiliation: Hermanas Hospitalarias-Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FoRiPsi, Italy. Electronic address: pernagp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.affiliation: Hermanas Hospitalarias - Villa San Giuseppe, Ascoli Piceno, Italy. Electronic address: a.valchera@ospedaliere.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valchera
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, NY, USA; Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, PT. Electronic address: lg2733@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganança
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; National Health Care System, Padua Local Unit ULSS 17, Italy. Electronic address: marco.solmi83@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, DIMED, Geriatrics Section, University of Padua, Italy. Electronic address: ilmannato@gmail.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: brendon.stubbs@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Bipolar disorder (BD); Borderline personality disorder (BPD); Comorbidity; Meta-analysis; Predictors; Prevalence; Systematic review