title: Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major complication in renal failure patients, but very little information is available on the cardiovascular parameters in these patients. The prevalence and risk factors for PAH were systematically evaluated in patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2010 and January 2014, 177 ESRD patients (85 males and 92 females) undergoing CAPD therapy were recruited. General data, biochemical parameters and echocardiographic findings were collected and PAH risk factors studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study participants consisted of 65 patients (36.52%) with PAH (PAH group) and 112 patients without PAH (non-PAH group). The interdialytic weight gain, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure and hypertensive nephropathy incidence in the PAH group were significantly higher than the non-PAH group (all p < 0.05). There were significant differences between PAH group and non-PAH group in C-reactive protein-positive rate, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), hemoglobin, prealbumin and serum albumin levels (all p < 0.05). Compared with non-PAH group, PAH group showed significant increases in right ventricular internal diameter (RVID), right ventricular outflow tract diameter (RVOTD), main pulmonary artery diameter, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular mass index, early diastolic mitral annulus velocity and valve calcification incidence (all p < 0.05), and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and early diastolic blood flow peak and mitral annulus velocity (E/E') (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DBP, NT-proBNP, LAD, RVID, RVOTD, LVEF, TAPSE and E/E' are major risk factors for PAH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a high incidence of PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that DBP, NT-proBNP, LAD, RVID, RVOTD, LVEF, TAPSE and E/E' are high-risk factors for PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China, People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi , China .
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China, People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi , China .
authors.forename: Shiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China, People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi , China .
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology .
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: c Department of Endocrinology , People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi , China , and.
authors.forename: Guizhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China, People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi , China .
authors.forename: Yueqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: d Department of Nephrology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zen
authors.affiliation: d Department of Nephrology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Yongbing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000032:analysis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012709:Serum Albumin; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: Biochemical parameters; continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; echocardiographic findings; end-stage renal disease; prevalence; pulmonary arterial hypertension; risk factors