title: A single generation of domestication heritably alters the expression of hundreds of genes.
abstract: The genetic underpinnings associated with the earliest stages of plant and animal domestication have remained elusive. Because a genome-wide response to selection can take many generations, the earliest detectable changes associated with domestication may first manifest as heritable changes to global patterns of gene expression. Here, to test this hypothesis, we measured differential gene expression in the offspring of wild and first-generation hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in a common environment. Remarkably, we find that there were 723 genes differentially expressed between the two groups of offspring. Reciprocal crosses reveal that the differentially expressed genes could not be explained by maternal effects or by chance differences in the background levels of gene expression among unrelated families. Gene-enrichment analyses reveal that adaptation to the novel hatchery environment involved responses in wound healing, immunity and metabolism. These findings suggest that the earliest stages of domestication may involve adaptation to highly crowded conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907-2054 IN, USA.|Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907-2054 IN, USA.|Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331-2914 Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331-2914 Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marine
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331-2914 Oregon, USA.|Department of Biology, Saint Martin's University, Lacey, 98503-7500 WA, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, The Dalles, 97058-4364 Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Rod A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: French
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331-2914 Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Blouin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010375:Pedigree
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins