title: Conformational Studies and Atropisomerism Kinetics of the ALK Clinical Candidate Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) and Desmethyl Congeners.
abstract: Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) is an ALK/ROS1 inhibitor and is in clinical trials for the treatment of ALK positive or ROS1 positive NSCLC (i.e. specific subsets of NSCLC). One of the laboratory objectives for this molecule indicated that it would be desirable to advance a molecule which was CNS penetrant in order to treat brain metastases. From this perspective, a macrocyclic template was attractive for a number of reasons. In particular, this template reduces the number of rotatable bonds, provides the potential to shield polar surface area and reinforces binding through a restricted conformation. All of these features led to better permeability for the molecules of interest and thus increased the chance for better blood brain barrier penetration. With a CNS penetrant molecule, kinase selectivity is a key consideration particularly with regard to proteins such as TrkB, which are believed to influence cognitive function. Removal of the chiral benzylic methyl substituent from lorlatinib was perceived as not only a means to simplify synthetic complexity, but also as a strategy to further truncate the molecule of interest. Examination of the NMR of the desmethyl analogues revealed that the compound existed as a mixture of atropisomers, which proved separable by chiral SFC. The individual atropisomers were evaluated through a series of in vitro assays, and shown to have a favorable selectivity profile when compared to lorlatinib. The challenge to develop such a molecule lies in the rate at which the atropisomers interchange dictated by the energy barrier required to do this. Here, we describe the synthesis of the desmethyl macrocycles, conformational studies on the atropisomers, and the kinetics of the interconversion. In addition, the corresponding conformational studies on lorlatinib are reported providing a hypothesis for why a single diastereomer is observed when the chiral benzylic methyl group is introduced.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elleraas
authors.affiliation: Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ewanicki
authors.affiliation: Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Ted W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Neal W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Sach
authors.affiliation: Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. michael.collins@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. paul.f.richardson@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000631:Aminopyridines; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D007700:Kinetics; D007769:Lactams; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011720:Pyrazoles; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D007769:Lactams; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D011720:Pyrazoles; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000590786:lorlatinib
keywords: EML4-ALK; atropisomers; conformational analysis; macrocycles; racemization