title: Gadd45b prevents autophagy and apoptosis against rat cerebral neuron oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury.
abstract: Autophagic (type II) cell death has been suggested to play pathogenetic roles in cerebral ischemia. Growth arrest and DNA damage response 45b (Gadd45b) has been shown to protect against rat brain ischemia injury through inhibiting apoptosis. However, the relationship between Gadd45b and autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Gadd45b on autophagy. We adopt the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model of rat primary cortex neurons, and lentivirus interference used to silence Gadd45b expression. Cell viability and injury assay were performed using CCK-8 and LDH kit. Autophagy activation was monitored by expression of ATG5, LC3, Beclin-1, ATG7 and ATG3. Neuron apoptosis was monitored by expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase3, p53 and TUNEL assay. Neuron neurites were assayed by double immunofluorescent labeling with Tuj1 and LC3B. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of Gadd45b was strongly up-regulated at 24 h after 3 h OGD treatment. ShRNA-Gadd45b increased the expression of autophagy related proteins, aggravated OGD/R-induced neuron cell apoptosis and neurites injury. ShRNA-Gadd45b co-treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or Wortmannin partly inhibited the ratio of LC3II/LC3I, and slightly ameliorated neuron cell apoptosis under OGD/R. Furthermore, shRNA-Gadd45b inhibited the p-p38 level involved in autophagy, but increased the p-JNK level involved in apoptosis. ShRNA-Gadd45b co-treatment with p38 inhibitor obviously induced autophagy. ShRNA-Gadd45b co-treatment with JNK inhibitor alleviated neuron cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggested that Gadd45b inhibited autophagy and apoptosis under OGD/R. Gadd45b may be a common regulatory protein to control autophagy and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Guoqian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hongkong (SCU-CUHK), Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Linyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hongkong (SCU-CUHK), Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Shuaishuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hongkong (SCU-CUHK), Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Shiceng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China. licq9217@cqmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D000225:Adenine; D000730:Androstadienes; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C508094:Gadd45b protein, rat; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins; C025946:3-methyladenine
keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Gadd45b; Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion