title: Solubility determination as an alternative to migration measurements.
abstract: Solubility values for six UV stabilisers (Cyasorb UV-1164, Tinuvin P, Tinuvin 234, Tinuvin 326, Tinuvin 327 and Tinuvin 1577) and five antioxidants (Irgafos 168, Irganox 1010, Irganox 3114, Irganox 3790 and Irganox 565) were determined in all the liquid food simulants (3% (m/V) acetic acid-water mixture, 10% (V/V), 20% (V/V), 50% (V/V) ethanol-water mixture and vegetable oil) proposed in European Union Regulation No. 10/2011/EC, as well as in fruit juice and cola drink. The applied method was obtained by modification of the method for the determination of water solubility as described in OECD guideline Test No. 105. By using ultrasonication and shorter equilibration time, the time demand of the solubility determinations were decreased notably. Solubility values proved to be lower than the specific migration limits (as specified in 10/2011/EC) at 25 °C for almost all target compounds in food simulants A, B, C and D1 as well as in fruit juice and cola drink. The exceptions were Tinuvin P and Irganox 3790 in simulant D1. The solubility in food simulant D2 was higher than 1000 µg ml(-1) for all target compounds. These results show that the solubility of some additives in food simulants can be so low that it makes migration studies for certain additive-food simulant pairs dispensable.
authors.affiliation: a Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL) , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bodai
authors.affiliation: a Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL) , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter Pál
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Jakab
authors.affiliation: a Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL) , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Márton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.affiliation: a Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL) , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nyiri
authors.affiliation: a Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL) , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Bálint Sámuel
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.affiliation: b Wessling International Research and Educational Center , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rikker
authors.affiliation: a Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL) , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.|b Wessling International Research and Educational Center , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Eke
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D018857:Food Packaging; D012995:Solubility; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005503:Food Additives
keywords: LC-MS; SML; Solubility; UV stabiliser; antioxidant; migration; polymer additive