title: A survey of cardiac implantable electronic device implantation in India: By Indian Society of Electrocardiology and Indian Heart Rhythm Society.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited data regarding the demographics and type of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) in India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this survey was to define trends in CIED implants, which included permanent pacemakers (PM), intracardiac defibrillators (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemakers and defibrillators (CRT-P/D) devices in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey was the initiative of the Indian Society of Electrocardiology and the Indian Heart Rhythm Society. The type of CIED used, their indications, demographic characteristics, clinical status and co-morbidities were collected using a survey form over a period of 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2117 forms were analysed from 136 centers. PM for bradyarrhythmic indication constituted 80% of the devices implanted with ICD's and CRT-P/D forming approximately 10% each. The most common indication for PM implantation was complete atrio-ventricular block (76%). Single chamber (VVI) pacemakers formed 54% of implants, majority in males (64%). The indication for ICD implantation was almost equal for primary and secondary prevention. A single chamber ICD was most commonly implanted (65%). Coronary artery disease was the etiology in 58.5% of patients with ICD implants. CRT pacemakers were implanted mostly in patients with NYHA III/IV (82%), left ventricular ejection fraction <0.35 (88%) with CRT-P being most commonly used (57%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large proportion of CIED implants in India are PM for bradyarrhythmic indications, predominantly AV block. ICD's are implanted almost equally for primary and secondary prophylaxis. Most CRT devices are implanted for NYHA Class III. There is a male predominance for implantation of CIED.
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Jayaprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shenthar
authors.affiliation: Baroda Heart Institute, Vadodara, India.
authors.forename: Shomu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohra
authors.affiliation: Army Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jetley
authors.affiliation: Arrhythmia Associates, Mumbai, India. Electronic address: amvora@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.affiliation: Arrhythmia Associates, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Yash
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lokhandwala
authors.affiliation: Arrhythmia Associates, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nabar
authors.affiliation: CIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: CARE Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Narsimhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Calambur
authors.affiliation: Railway Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; Epidemiology; Implantable defibrillators; Pacemaker