title: Design and evaluation of an interactive training system for scrub nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current trend toward increasingly integrated technological support systems and the rise of streamlined processes in the OR have led to a growing demand for personnel with higher levels of training. Although simulation systems are widely used and accepted in surgical training, they are practically non-existent for perioperative nursing, especially scrub nursing. This paper describes and evaluates an interactive OR environment simulation to help train scrub nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A system comprising multiple computers and monitors, including an interactive table and a touchscreen combined with a client-server software solution, was designed to simulate a scrub nurse's workplace. The resulting demonstrator was evaluated under laboratory conditions with a multicenter interview study involving three participating ear, nose, and throat (ENT) departments in Germany and Switzerland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participant group of 15 scrub nurses had an average of 12.8 years hands-on experience in the OR. A series of 22 questions was used to evaluate various aspects of the demonstrator system and its suitability for training novices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The system received very positive feedback. The participants stated that familiarization with instrument names and learning the instrument table setup were the two most important technical topics for beginners. They found the system useful for acquiring these skills as well as certain non-technical aspects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interactive training through simulation is a new approach for preparing novice scrub nurses for the challenges at the instrument table in the OR. It can also improve the lifelong training of perioperative personnel. The proposed system is currently unique in its kind. It can be used to train both technical and non-technical skills and, therefore, contributes to patient safety. Moreover, it is not dependent on a specific type of surgical intervention or medical discipline.
authors.affiliation: Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. bernhard.glaser@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schellenberg
authors.affiliation: Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.affiliation: Acqua Klinik, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modemann
authors.affiliation: Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubach
authors.affiliation: Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neumuth
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004506:Education, Nursing; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses
keywords: Computer-assisted instruction; Computer-assisted surgery; Nursing education; Surgical process model; Workflow