title: Greenhouse gas emissions from dairy open lot and manure stockpile in northern China: A case study.
abstract: The open lots and manure stockpiles of dairy farm are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in typical dairy cow housing and manure management system in China. GHG (CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O) emissions from the ground level of brick-paved open lots and uncovered manure stockpiles were estimated according to the field measurements of a typical dairy farm in Beijing by closed chambers in four consecutive seasons. Location variation and manure removal strategy impacts were assessed on GHG emissions from the open lots. Estimated CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O emissions from the ground level of the open lots were 137.5±64.7 kg hd(-1) yr(-1), 0.45±0.21 kg hd(-1) yr(-1) and 0.13±0.08 kg hd(-1) yr(-1), respectively. There were remarkable location variations of GHG emissions from different zones (cubicle zone vs. aisle zone) of the open lot. However, the emissions from the whole open lot were less affected by the locations. After manure removal, lower CH(4) but higher N(2)O emitted from the open lot. Estimated CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O emissions from stockpile with a stacking height of 55±12 cm were 858.9±375.8 kg hd(-1) yr(-1), 8.5±5.4 kg hd(-1) yr(-1) and 2.3±1.1 kg hd(-1) yr(-1), respectively. In situ storage duration, which estimated by manure volatile solid contents (VS), would affect GHG emissions from stockpiles. Much higher N(2)O was emitted from stockpiles in summer due to longer manure storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study deals with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from open lots and stockpiles. It's an increasing area of concern in some livestock producing countries. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology is commonly used for estimation of national GHG emission inventories. There is a shortage of on-farm information to evaluate the accuracy of these equations and default emission factors. This work provides valuable information for improving accounting practices within China or for similar manure management practice in other countries.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Luyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qikun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhengxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering , College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chaoyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Engineering , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: c Agricultural Bureau of Yanqing County , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shixi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002681:China; D003612:Dairying; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005740:Gases; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D008372:Manure; D009566:Nitrates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane; D010100:Oxygen