title: Lycopene modulates cholinergic dysfunction, Bcl-2/Bax balance, and antioxidant enzymes gene transcripts in monosodium glutamate (E621) induced neurotoxicity in a rat model.
abstract: The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on brain tissue and the relative ability of lycopene to avert these neurotoxic effects were investigated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: group I, untreated (placebo); group II, injected with MSG (5 mg·kg(-1)) s.c.; group III, gastrogavaged with lycopene (10 mg·kg(-1)) p.o.; and group IV received MSG with lycopene with the same mentioned doses for 30 days. The results showed that MSG induced elevation in lipid peroxidation marker and perturbation in the antioxidant homeostasis and increased the levels of brain and serum cholinesterase (ChE), total creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes BB (CPK-BB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and gene expression were increased and glutathione content was reduced in the MSG-challenged rats, and these effects were ameliorated by lycopene. Furthermore, MSG induced apoptosis in brain tissues reflected in upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax while lycopene upregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Our results indicate that lycopene appears to be highly effective in relieving the toxic effects of MSG by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inducing modifications in the activity of cholinesterase and antioxidant pathways. Interestingly, lycopene protects brain tissue by inhibiting apoptosis signaling induced by MSG.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al-Buhiyra Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Kadry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadek
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abouzed
authors.affiliation: c Department of Veterinary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012970:Sodium Glutamate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D002338:Carotenoids; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D002802:Cholinesterases; D005978:Glutathione; D000077276:Lycopene; D012970:Sodium Glutamate
keywords: apoptose; apoptosis; expression génique; gene expression; glutamate monosodique; lycopene; lycopène; monosodium glutamate; neurotoxicity; neurotoxicité; oxidative stress; stress oxydatif