title: Slow pyrolysis of prot, alkali and dealkaline lignins for production of chemicals.
abstract: Effect of different lignins were studied during slow pyrolysis. Maximum bio-oil yield of 31.2, 34.1, and 29.5wt.% was obtained at 350, 450 and 350°C for prot lignin, alkali lignin and dealkaline lignin respectively. Maximum yield of phenolic compounds 78%, 80% and 92% from prot lignin, alkali and dealkaline lignin at 350, 450 and 350°C. The differences in the pyrolysis products indicated the source of lignins such as soft and hard wood lignins. The biochar characterisation revealed that the various ether linkages were broken during pyrolysis and lignin was converted into monomeric substituted phenols. Bio-oil showed that the relative contents of each phenolic compound changes significantly with pyrolysis temperature and also the relative contents of each compound changes with different samples.
authors.affiliation: Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Bijoy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rawel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Adnan Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Bhavya B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.affiliation: Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India. Electronic address: tbhaskar@iip.res.in.
authors.forename: Thallada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000032:analysis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D010636:Phenols; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Bio-oil; Biomass; Phenolics; Pretreatment; Thermochemical conversion