title: Measurements for the Development of a Simulated Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material.
abstract: Nineteen different commercially available samples containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) (i.e., natural uranium, thorium, radium and potassium) were investigated, including zircon sand, cat litter, roofing tiles, ice melt and fertilizer among others. A large variation in isotopic composition was observed across the measured samples. As a result of this observation, a need was identified to develop and implement the use of a simulated NORM sample to serve as a reference standard sample containing naturally occurring radioactive elements. The purpose of the simulated NORM sample would be to simulate typical samples containing NORM to be used for testing radiation detection instruments against ANSI/IEEE and IEC document standards requirements. The design and construction of the proposed new simulated NORM sample and the subsequent energy spectra characterization measurements are presented as part of this work.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pibida
keywords: NORM content; NORM gamma-ray spectra; Naturally occurring radioactive materials; simulated NORM