title: Increasing Benzodiazepine Prescriptions and Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1996-2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe trends in benzodiazepine prescriptions and overdose mortality involving benzodiazepines among US adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and multiple-cause-of-death data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1996 and 2013, the percentage of adults filling a benzodiazepine prescription increased from 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8%, 4.5%) to 5.6% (95% CI = 5.2%, 6.1%), with an annual percent change of 2.5% (95% CI = 2.1%, 3.0%). The quantity of benzodiazepines filled increased from 1.1 (95% CI = 0.9, 1.2) to 3.6 (95% CI = 3.0, 4.2) kilogram lorazepam equivalents per 100 000 adults (annual percent change = 9.0%; 95% CI = 7.6%, 10.3%). The overdose death rate increased from 0.58 (95% CI = 0.55, 0.62) to 3.07 (95% CI = 2.99, 3.14) per 100 000 adults, with a plateau seen after 2010.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benzodiazepine prescriptions and overdose mortality have increased considerably. Fatal overdoses involving benzodiazepines have plateaued overall; however, no evidence of decreases was found in any group. Interventions to reduce the use of benzodiazepines or improve their safety are needed.
authors.affiliation: Marcus A. Bachhuber, Chinazo O. Cunningham, and Joanna L. Starrels are with Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Sean Hennessy is with Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Marcus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bachhuber
authors.affiliation: Marcus A. Bachhuber, Chinazo O. Cunningham, and Joanna L. Starrels are with Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Sean Hennessy is with Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.affiliation: Marcus A. Bachhuber, Chinazo O. Cunningham, and Joanna L. Starrels are with Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Sean Hennessy is with Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Chinazo O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Marcus A. Bachhuber, Chinazo O. Cunningham, and Joanna L. Starrels are with Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Sean Hennessy is with Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Joanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Starrels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000401:mortality*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines