title: Effects of biosolids and compost amendment on chemistry of soils contaminated with copper from mining activities.
abstract: Several million metric tons of mining wastes, called stamp sands, were generated in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan during extensive copper (Cu) mining activities in the past. These materials, containing large amounts of Cu, were discharged into various offshoots of Lake Superior. Due to evidences of Cu toxicity on aquatic organisms, in due course, the materials were dredged and dumped on lake shores, thus converting these areas into vast, fallow lands. Erosion of these Cu-contaminated stamp sands back to the lakes is severely affecting aquatic life. A lack of uniform vegetation cover on stamp sands is facilitating this erosion. Understanding the fact that unless the stamp sands are fertilized to the point of sustaining vegetation growth, the problem with erosion and water quality degradation will continue, amending the stamp sands with locally available biosolids and composts, was considered. The purpose of the reported study was to assess potential effects of such organic fertilizer amendments on soil quality. As the first step of a combined laboratory and greenhouse study, a 2-month-long incubation experiment was performed to investigate the effects of biosolids and compost addition on the soil nutrient profile of stamp sands and organic matter content. Results showed that both biosolids and compost amendments resulted in significant increase in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and organic matter contents of stamp sands. Sequential extraction data demonstrated that Cu was mostly present as bound forms in stamp sands, and there was no significant increase in the plant available fraction of Cu because of fertilizer application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
authors.forename: Virinder
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA. dsarkar@stevens.edu.
authors.forename: Dibyendu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Rupali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Datta
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005308:Fertilizers; D008824:Michigan; D008906:Mining; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; D003300:Copper; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Biosolids; Compost; Copper contamination; Mining; Soil quality; Stamp sands