title: Effects of botulinum toxin type A facial injection on monoamines and their metabolites in sensory, limbic and motor brain regions in rats.
abstract: Despite its toxicity, botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX-A) is a valuable therapeutic agent for several motor, autonomic and pain disorders. Numerous studies have described its peripheral as well as central effects. Using reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ED) and gradient elution, we quantified the concentrations of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in 10 brain regions, ipsilateral and contralateral from the site of unilateral BTX-A administration (5 U/kg) into the rat whisker pad. In regions associated with nociception and pain processing we also examined possible BTX-A effects in combination with formalin-induced inflammatory orofacial pain. The dominant BTX-A effects on the monoamines and their metabolites were insignificant. The only significant increase caused by BTX-A alone was that of NA in striatum and serotonin in hypothalamus. While antinociceptive effects of BTX-A are most probably not related to central monoamine concentrations, the localized increased NA and 5-HT concentrations might play a role in reported BTX-A efficacy for the treatment of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibragić
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Brain Research Institute, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matak
authors.affiliation: Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary faculty Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dračić
authors.affiliation: Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary faculty Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smajlović
authors.affiliation: Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary faculty Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muminović
authors.affiliation: Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Proft
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Pharmacoinformatics and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sofić
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Brain Research Institute, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lacković
authors.affiliation: Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: peter.riederer@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riederer
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005145:Face; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014278:Trigeminal Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin type A; Depression; High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection; Monoamines; Pain