title: Risk Stratification in Multiple Myeloma.
abstract: There are many prognostic variables in multiple myeloma and the difficulty is in deciding which is truly significant. The widely used International Staging System (ISS) does not incorporate genetics, age, and other important variables in its risk stratification. Although it has its own limitations, the recently published Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) that was built upon the framework of ISS, is a more comprehensive and predictive tool for multiple myeloma patients and should be henceforth utilised. We will review the current prognostic variables and their significance in this paper.
authors.affiliation: , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. Melissa_ooi@nuhs.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Melissa Gaik-Ming
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Mel
authors.affiliation: , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wee Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chng
mesh_terms: D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
keywords: Chromosomal Abnormalities; International Staging System; Multiple Myeloma; Risk