title: Protective effects of Chaenomeles thibetica extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced damage via the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.
abstract: Chaenomeles thibetica, a type of fruit of the genus Chaenomeles, is commonly cultivated and used as Mugua in China and as liquor, candy, and functional food in Tibet. Total phenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents were measured in C. thibetica extract (CTE). CTE had a positive effect on free radical scavenging and anti-lipid oxidation in vitro. The protective effects of CTE against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damage in vivo were also measured. The results of antioxidative enzymes indicated that CTE can increase the activities of the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione contents and reduce the level of malondialdehyde in rats. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were significantly reversed by CTE compared with the elevated levels in the CCl4 group. Besides, CTE could reverse the cell viability of HepG2 inoculated with CCl4via phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), activating the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and increasing the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes. These effects may expand the applications of C. thibetica and offer alternative food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective functions in the food industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. wyw@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bingxin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. wyw@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. wyw@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. wyw@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. wyw@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. wyw@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jingsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. wyw@whu.edu.cn and Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Youwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018609:Tibet
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases