title: Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness in adolescents with obesity: the HEARTY trial.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training on cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness in postpubertal adolescents with obesity. After a 4-week supervised moderate-intensity exercise run-in, 304 adolescents aged 14-18 years with body mass index ≥85th percentile were randomized to 4 groups for 22 weeks of aerobic training, resistance training, combined training, or a nonexercising control. All participants received dietary counselling with a maximum daily energy deficit of 250 kcal. Cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption) was measured by indirect calorimetry using a graded treadmill exercise test. Musculoskeletal fitness was measured using the 2003 Canadian Physical Activity Fitness and Lifestyle Appraisal tests (hand grip, push-ups, partial curl-ups, sit and reach, and vertical jump). Muscular strength was assessed using an 8-repetition maximum test on the bench press, seated row, and leg press machines. A greater increase in peak oxygen consumption in the aerobic exercise group (30.6 ± 0.6 to 33.4 ± 0.7 mLO2/kg/min) was measured relative to the control group (30.6 ± 0.5 to 30.9 ± 0.7 mLO2/kg/min) (p = 0.002). Similarly, the number of partial curl-ups increased in the aerobic group (19 ± 1 to 23 ± 1) while no differences were measured in the control group (19 ± 1 to 20 ± 1) (p = 0.015). Increases in muscular strength and number of push-ups were greatest in the resistance group versus the control and combined groups versus the aerobic group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, aerobic training had the strongest effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, while resistance and combined training improved both muscular strength and endurance more than control and aerobic training alone, respectively, in adolescents with obesity.
authors.affiliation: a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.|b Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Education Tower, room 646, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Angela S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alberga
authors.affiliation: a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.|c Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, 202-745A Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prud'homme
authors.affiliation: a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.|d Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Room 1898, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada.|e Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1967 Riverside Dr., 4th Floor, Ottawa, ON K1H 7W9, Canada.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.affiliation: a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.|f Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (HALO), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Goldfield
authors.affiliation: f Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (HALO), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
authors.forename: Stasia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadjiyannakis
authors.affiliation: e Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1967 Riverside Dr., 4th Floor, Ottawa, ON K1H 7W9, Canada.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: e Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1967 Riverside Dr., 4th Floor, Ottawa, ON K1H 7W9, Canada.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.affiliation: g Pediatric Bone Health Clinical and Research Programs, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Room R250K, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: h Research Methods Unit, Capital District Health Authority, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Ave., Room 207, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doucette
authors.affiliation: i Crabtree Laboratories, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 687 Pine Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Rejeanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gougeon
authors.affiliation: j Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.|e Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1967 Riverside Dr., 4th Floor, Ottawa, ON K1H 7W9, Canada.
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009864:Ontario; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: adolescent; endurance; exercice physique; exercise; force; overweight; strength; surpoids; youth