title: Anti-stress Activity of Ocimum sanctum: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.
abstract: The present study investigated anti-stress potential of Ocimum sanctum in chronic variable stress (CVS) paradigm. Further, the possible mechanism of anti-stress was explored in vitro using cell and cell-free assays. Rats were administered O. sanctum followed by CVS regimen for a period of 16 days. On days 4, 8, 12, and 16, body weight and immobility time in forced swim test were measured. In addition, the possible inhibitory effect of O. sanctum and ursolic acid on cortisol release and CRHR1 receptor activity were studied in cell-based assays, while inhibitory effects on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were studied in cell-free assays. CVS group demonstrated less body weight gain and higher immobility time than O. sanctum administered groups, while oral administration of O. sanctum significantly increased body weight gain and decreased the immobility time. Further, O. sanctum and its constituents inhibited cortisol release and exhibited a significant CRHR1 receptor antagonist activity. Also, they had specific inhibitory activity towards 11β-HSD1 and COMT activity. Thus, O. sanctum was found to be effective in the management of stress effects, and anti-stress activity could be due to inhibition of cortisol release, blocking CRHR1 receptor, and inhibiting 11β-HSD1 and COMT activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jothie Richard
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Ramanaiah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Illuri
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Bharathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bethapudi
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Senthilkumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anandhakumar
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Chandrasekaran
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chinampudur Velusami
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mundkinajeddu
authors.affiliation: R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D000070004:Ocimum sanctum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Ocimum sanctum; anti-stress; catechol-O-methyltransferase; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1; cortisol; forced swim test