title: Patterns and Associated Factors of Physical Activity among Adolescents in Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the context where adolescents' physical activity (PA) takes place could impact a more targeted approach to implement PA promotion and interventions in Africa. However, standardized data on adolescents' PA behaviour is lacking in Nigeria. We described PA patterns in the various domains (home, school, transport, leisure-time) and intensity categories (light-intensity PA, moderate- to vigorous- intensity physical activity [MVPA] and total PA), and their associations with sociodemographic factors and socioeconomic status (SES) among secondary school adolescents in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of 1006 secondary school adolescents (12-18 years, 50.4% girls) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Self-reported PA was assessed with an adapted version of the Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and Young Adults. Outcomes were weekly minutes (min/wk) of PA spent in the various domains and intensity categories. Multivariate ANOVA was used to examine associations of PA scores (domains and intensity levels) with adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics and SES, and track differences in PA scores between subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total sample reported most PA at school (1525 min/wk), the least during active transportation (210 min/wk), and only 37% engaged in 60 min of MVPA daily. Boys reported significantly more leisure-time PA (P<0.001), active transportation (P<0.001), MVPA (P = 0.023) and total PA (P = 0.003) than girls, while girls reported more school-based PA (P = 0.009), home-based PA (P<0.001) and light-intensity PA (P<0.001) than boys. Moderate-intensity PA (P = 0.024) and total PA (P = 0.049) were significantly higher in younger age group than in older group. Household car ownership was associated with less active transportation (P = 0.009), less moderate-intensity PA (P = 0.048) and with more leisure-time PA (P = 0.013). High parental SES was associated with more leisure-time PA (P = 0.002), more MVPA (P = 0.047) and less active transportation (P<0.001). Adolescents of various weight status differed significantly in their leisure-time PA (P<0.001), moderate-intensity PA (P = 0.011) and total PA (P = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patterns and levels of physical activity among adolescents in Nigeria vary according to the adolescents' age, gender, weight status and SES. These findings have important public health implications for identifying subgroups of Nigerian adolescents that should be targeted for effective physical activity promoting interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.|Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors.forename: Adewale L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Oyeyemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Cornelius M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ishaku
authors.affiliation: Industrial Clinic, Nigerian National Petroleum Commission Kaduna Medical Area, Kaduna, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Jameela
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oyekola
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Center, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Hajara D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Wakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aliyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lawan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Safira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yakubu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adetoyeje Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Oyeyemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009549:Nigeria; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires