title: Methylotroph Infections and Chronic Granulomatous Disease.
abstract: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a defect in production of phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen species, which leads to recurrent infections with a characteristic group of pathogens not previously known to include methylotrophs. Methylotrophs are versatile environmental bacteria that can use single-carbon organic compounds as their sole source of energy; they rarely cause disease in immunocompetent persons. We have identified 12 infections with methylotrophs (5 reported here, 7 previously reported) in patients with CGD. Methylotrophs identified were Granulibacter bethesdensis (9 cases), Acidomonas methanolica (2 cases), and Methylobacterium lusitanum (1 case). Two patients in Europe died; the other 10, from North and Central America, recovered after prolonged courses of antimicrobial drug therapy and, for some, surgery. Methylotrophs are emerging as disease-causing organisms in patients with CGD. For all patients, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was required for correct diagnosis. Geographic origin of the methylotroph strain may affect clinical management and prognosis.
authors.forename: E Liana
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Petts
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fasano
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nauseef
authors.forename: João Farela
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Millard L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tierce
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de la Morena
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Christa S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Zerbe
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zelazny
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D016947:Acetobacteraceae; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000382:microbiology*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020580:Methylobacterium; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Acidomonas methanolica; Granulibacter bethesdensis; Methylobacterium lusitanum; bacteria; chronic granulomatous disease; methylotroph