title: The case for plant-made veterinary immunotherapeutics.
abstract: The excessive use of antibiotics in food animal production has contributed to resistance in pathogenic bacteria, thereby triggering regulations and consumer demands to limit their use. Alternatives for disease control are therefore required that are cost-effective and compatible with intensive production. While vaccines are widely used and effective, they are available against a minority of animal diseases, and development of novel vaccines and other immunotherapeutics is therefore needed. Production of such proteins recombinantly in plants can provide products that are effective and safe, can be orally administered with minimal processing, and are easily scalable with a relatively low capital investment. The present report thus advocates the use of plants for producing vaccines and antibodies to protect farm animals from diseases that have thus far been managed with antibiotics; and highlights recent advances in product efficacy, competitiveness, and regulatory approval.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford St, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topp
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, ON N1G 5B2, Canada.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 - 1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lessard
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Joensuu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kolotilin
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Saxony-Anhalt 06466, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stöger
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
authors.forename: Tsafrir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Darmstadt, FB Biologie, Schnittspahnstr. 5, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Warzecha
authors.affiliation: PlantForm Corp., c/o Room 2218, E.C. Bovey Bldg., University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: J Chris
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: PlantForm Corp., c/o Room 2218, E.C. Bovey Bldg., University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devriendt
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO) and Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium, and Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Depicker
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium, and Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Virdi
authors.affiliation: Prairie Plant Systems Inc., 1 Plant Technology Road, Box 19A, RR#5, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 3J8, Canada.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.affiliation: Prairie Plant Systems Inc., 1 Plant Technology Road, Box 19A, RR#5, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 3J8, Canada.
authors.forename: Ketan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
authors.forename: Marike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dussault
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friendship
authors.affiliation: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9, Canada.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yarosh
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford St, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford St, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. Electronic address: Rima.Menassa@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menassa
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology; D007167:Immunotherapy; D058751:Livestock; D058634:Molecular Farming; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014730:Veterinary Medicine
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Antibody; Immunotherapeutic; Livestock production; Molecular farming; Plant biotechnology; Recombinant protein; Veterinary vaccine