title: Treatment with FTY720 has no beneficial effects on short-term outcome in an experimental model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No evidence-based therapy is available for patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In view of the profound inflammatory reaction in the perilesional tissue, we investigated in a well-characterized experimental model whether the administration of the immunomodulator fingolimod (FTY720) is neuroprotective in acute ICH.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICH was induced by means of a stereotactic intrastriatal injection of collagenase type VII-S. FTY720 (1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 1 h after ICH induction. Hematoma volume was assessed spectrophotometrically at 24 h after ICH induction. The following endpoints were determined at 24 and 72 h, respectively: mortality rate and neurologic outcomes, edema formation, and MMP-9 activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four hour after ICH induction, hematoma volume was not statistically different between groups. No difference was found in mortality and neurologic outcomes at 24 and 72 h between FTY720 treated mice and controls. Edema formation was present in both groups on the ipsilateral side with no statistical difference between groups at both time points. No difference was found in MMP-9 levels after 24 and 72 h between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that FTY720 has no beneficial effects in the acute phase of experimental ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ; Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA.
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlunk
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Waltraud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pfeilschifter
authors.affiliation: Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA.
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yigitkanli
authors.affiliation: Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA.
authors.forename: Eng H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ; Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foerch
keywords: Animal model; Blood–Brain-Barrier; Edema; FTY720; Intracerebral hemorrhage