title: Influenza B vaccine lineage selection--an optimized trivalent vaccine.
abstract: Epidemics of seasonal influenza viruses cause considerable morbidity and mortality each year. Various types and subtypes of influenza circulate in humans and evolve continuously such that individuals at risk of serious complications need to be vaccinated annually to keep protection up to date with circulating viruses. The influenza vaccine in most parts of the world is a trivalent vaccine, including an antigenically representative virus of recently circulating influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and influenza B viruses. However, since the 1970s influenza B has split into two antigenically distinct lineages, only one of which is represented in the annual trivalent vaccine at any time. We describe a lineage selection strategy that optimizes protection against influenza B using the standard trivalent vaccine as a potentially cost effective alternative to quadrivalent vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosterín Höpping
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fonville
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: derek.smith@antigenic-cartography.org.
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000145:classification*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Decision tree; Hedging; Influenza B; Quadrivalent; Trivalent vaccine; Vaccine strain selection