title: Guideline-Directed Medication Use in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in India: American College of Cardiology's PINNACLE India Quality Improvement Program.
abstract: Little is known about the use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in outpatients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF; ≤40%) in India. Our objective was to understand the use of GDMT in outpatients with HFrEF in India. The Practice Innovation And Clinical Excellence (PINNACLE) India Quality Improvement Program (PIQIP) is a registry for cardiovascular quality improvement in India supported by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Between January 2008 and September 2014, we evaluated documentation of use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and β-blockers, or both, among outpatients with HFrEF seeking care in 10 centers enrolled in the PIQIP registry. Among 75 639 patients in the PIQIP registry, 34 995 had EF reported, and 15 870 had an EF ≤40%. The mean age was 56 years; 23% were female. Hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction were present in 37%, 23%, 27%, and 17%, respectively. Use of ACEIs/ARBs, β-blockers, and both were documented in 33.5%, 34.9%, and 29.6% of patients, respectively. The documentation of GDMT was higher in men, in patients age ≥65 years, and in those with presence of hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease. Documentation of GDMT gradually increased over the study period. Among patients enrolled in the PIQIP registry, about two-thirds of patients with EF ≤40% did not have documented receipt of GDMT. This study is an initial step toward improving adherence to GDMT in India and highlights the feasibility of examining quality of care in HFrEF in a resource-limited setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.|Saint Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Yashashwi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pokharel
authors.affiliation: American College of Cardiology Foundation, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hira
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kalra Hospital, Sri Ram Cardiothoracic and Neurosciences Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, and Asian Heart Institute and Research Center, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Prafulla G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kerkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, L.H. Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: American College of Cardiology Foundation, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.affiliation: American College of Cardiology Foundation, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vicera
authors.affiliation: American College of Cardiology Foundation, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oetgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.|Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deswal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Mintu P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Turakhia
authors.affiliation: American College of Cardiology Foundation, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Glusenkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.|Health Policy, Quality and Informatics Program, Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Salim S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Virani
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003906:Developing Countries; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000592:standards*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents