title: The water penetration of different ventilation tubes.
abstract: The insertion of middle ear ventilation tubes remains one of the most common procedures for ENT surgeons. A common concern amongst patients undergoing such procedures is the effect on their ability to partake in swimming and other water sports. Currently there is little evidence comparing the penetration ability of different water solutions encountered by swimmers. This study compares the water penetration of four different water solutions for Shah, mini-Shah, T tube and titanium bobbin ventilation tubes. A model was constructed to replicate a grommet inserted through a tympanic membrane using a syringe barrel, latex membrane and one of the ventilation tubes. Four solutions (sea water, chlorinated water, freshwater and soapy water) were then pipetted down the barrel until penetration of the tube occurred. The volume required for penetration was recorded. For all tubes soapy water was the most penetrating, followed by seawater. Titanium bobbins required significantly less of each solution for penetration. Mini-Shah grommets required significantly more of all solutions except soapy water for penetration to occur. Shah grommets were more resistant to chlorinated and sea water than T tubes. Mini-Shah grommets appear to protect against water penetration into the middle ear cleft and their use should be considered in patients who are keen water-sport enthusiasts. Furthermore, swimmers in sea or chlorinated water seem to be at higher risk than freshwater swimmers. Titanium bobbins were relatively easily penetrated by all four solutions and should be avoided in keen swimmers.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK. rupertricks@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Rupert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ricks
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Easto
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK.
authors.forename: Venkat M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D004868:Equipment Failure; D005618:Fresh Water; D054879:Halogenation; D006801:Humans; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012623:Seawater / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012915:Soaps / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D014867:Water / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012915:Soaps; D014867:Water
keywords: Middle ear ventilation; Swimming; Tympanostomy tube insertion