title: Longitudinal relaxation time editing for acetylcarnitine detection with1H-MRS.
abstract: Acetylcarnitine formation is suggested to be crucial in sustaining metabolic flexibility and glucose homeostasis. Recently, we introduced a method to detect acetylcarnitine in vivo with long TE1H-MRS. Differences in T1relaxation time between lipids and acetylcarnitine can be exploited for additional lipid suppression in subjects with high myocellular lipid levels.
  
  
  
  Acquisition of spectra with an inversion recovery sequence was alternated with standard signal acquisition to suppress short T1metabolite signals. A proof of principle experiment was conducted in a lean subject and the new approach was subsequently tested in four overweight/obese subjects.
  
  
  
  Using the new T1editing approach, lipid signals in spectra of skeletal muscle can be (additionally) suppressed by a factor of 10 using a TI of 900 ms. Combination of the long TE protocol with the T1editing resulted in a well-resolved acetylcarnitine peak in the obese subjects.
  
  
  
  The T1editing approach suppresses short T1metabolites and offers a new contrast in1H-MRS. The approach should be used in combination with a long TE in subjects with high lipid contamination for accurate quantification of the acetylcarnitine concentration. Magn Reson Med 77:505-510, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindeboom
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yvonne M H
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Bruls
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petronella A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Ewijk
authors.affiliation: Department Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthijs K C
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hesselink
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joachim E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wildberger
authors.affiliation: Department Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vera B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Schrauwen-Hinderling
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D000108:Acetylcarnitine
keywords: 1H-MRS; T1; T2; acetylcarnitine; inversion recovery