title: Vitamin E Improves Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Some Metabolic Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: No Effects on Nitrite/Nitrate Levels.
abstract: It is known that markers of oxidative stress and nitrite/nitrate anion (NOx) increase and activity of antioxidative enzyme paraoxonase-1 decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The effects of vitamin E on paraoxonase-1 activity and NOxin patients with type 2 diabetes are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that vitamin E supplementation would affect paraoxonase-1 activity, metabolic factors, and NOxin patients with DM.
  
  
  
  This double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 83 patients with DM aged 30-60 years. Forty-two of the subjects had taken 400 IU/day vitamin E and 41 were given placebo over 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intake data were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial.
  
  
  
  Vitamin E significantly increased serum vitamin E level, paraoxonase-1 activity, and total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased fasting blood sugar (FBS) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin A1c, serum insulin, and insulin resistance significantly decreased in the vitamin E group compared to baseline values (p < 0.05). Alterations in serum levels of malondialdehyde and NOxwere not significant in any of groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  
  Vitamin E improved serum vitamin E level, paraoxonase-1 activity, TAS, and FBS in patients with type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess the outcome of these results in reducing complications of diabetes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (M.R., B.B.), Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (B.P.G.), Endocrine and Metabolism Section, Faculty of Medicine (M.A.S.), Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health (A.S.), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , IRAN.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafraf
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (M.R., B.B.), Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (B.P.G.), Endocrine and Metabolism Section, Faculty of Medicine (M.A.S.), Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health (A.S.), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , IRAN.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bazyun
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (M.R., B.B.), Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (B.P.G.), Endocrine and Metabolism Section, Faculty of Medicine (M.A.S.), Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health (A.S.), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , IRAN.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sarabchian
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (M.R., B.B.), Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (B.P.G.), Endocrine and Metabolism Section, Faculty of Medicine (M.A.S.), Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health (A.S.), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , IRAN.
authors.forename: Abdolrasoul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safaeiyan
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (M.R., B.B.), Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition (B.P.G.), Endocrine and Metabolism Section, Faculty of Medicine (M.A.S.), Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health (A.S.), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , IRAN.
authors.forename: Bahram Pourghassem
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gargari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood*; D010919:Placebos; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010919:Placebos; D014810:Vitamin E; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: metabolic factors; nitrite/nitrate anion; paraoxonase-1; type 2 diabetes; vitamin E