title: Mutation analysis of 13 driver genes of colorectal cancer-related pathways in Taiwanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the driver gene mutations associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Taiwanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 103 patients with CRC were evaluated. The samples consisted of 66 men and 37 women with a median age of 59 years and an age range of 26-86 years. We used high-resolution melting analysis (HRM) and direct DNA sequencing to characterize the mutations in 13 driver genes of CRC-related pathways. The HRM assays were conducted using the LightCycler® 480 Instrument provided with the software LightCycler® 480 Gene Scanning Software Version 1.5. We also compared the clinicopathological data of CRC patients with the driver gene mutation status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 103 patients evaluated, 73.79% had mutations in one of the 13 driver genes. We discovered 18 novel mutations in APC, MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, SMAD4 and TP53 that have not been previously reported. Additionally, we found 16 de novo mutations in APC, BMPR1A, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH and PMS2 in cancerous tissues previously reported in the dbSNP database; however, these mutations could not be detected in peripheral blood cells. The APC mutation correlates with lymph node metastasis (34.69% vs 12.96%, P = 0.009) and cancer stage (34.78% vs 14.04%, P = 0.013). No association was observed between other driver gene mutations and clinicopathological features. Furthermore, having two or more driver gene mutations correlates with the degree of lymph node metastasis (42.86% vs 24.07%, P = 0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm the importance of 13 CRC-related pathway driver genes in the development of CRC in Taiwanese patients.
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuli Christine
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jan-Gowth
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ta-Chih
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Mao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: William Tzu-Liang
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Yuli Christine Chang, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Sian
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Colorectal cancer-related pathway; Driver gene; High-resolution melting analysis; Mutation