title: Adventurous Physical Activity Environments: A Mainstream Intervention for Mental Health.
abstract: Adventurous physical activity has traditionally been considered the pastime of a small minority of people with deviant personalities or characteristics that compel them to voluntarily take great risks purely for the sake of thrills and excitement. An unintended consequence of these traditional narratives is the relative absence of adventure activities in mainstream health and well-being discourses and in large-scale governmental health initiatives. However, recent research has demonstrated that even the most extreme adventurous physical activities are linked to enhanced psychological health and well-being outcomes. These benefits go beyond traditional 'character building' concepts and emphasize more positive frameworks that rely on the development of effective environmental design. Based on emerging research, this paper demonstrates why adventurous physical activity should be considered a mainstream intervention for positive mental health. Furthermore, the authors argue that understanding how to design environments that effectively encourage appropriate adventure should be considered a serious addition to mainstream health and well-being discourse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. p.clough@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.affiliation: Department of Recreation, Parks, and Tourism Administration, California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Houge Mackenzie
authors.affiliation: Department of Science, Natural Resources and Outdoors, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK.
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mallabon
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brymer
mesh_terms: D055669:Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; D004779:Environment Design; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health