title: Routinely collected data and comparative effectiveness evidence: promises and limitations.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center (Hemkens, Ioannidis), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hemkens), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics (Contopoulos-Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Medicine; Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS) (Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Ioannidis); Department of Health Research and Policy (Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Statistics (Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, Calif.
authors.forename: Lars G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hemkens
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center (Hemkens, Ioannidis), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hemkens), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics (Contopoulos-Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Medicine; Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS) (Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Ioannidis); Department of Health Research and Policy (Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Statistics (Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, Calif.
authors.forename: Despina G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Contopoulos-Ioannidis
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center (Hemkens, Ioannidis), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Hemkens), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics (Contopoulos-Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Medicine; Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS) (Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Ioannidis); Department of Health Research and Policy (Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Statistics (Ioannidis), Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, Calif. jioannid@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: John P A
authors.initials: JPA
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012107:Research Design; D058028:Research Report / Q000592:standards*