title: Antinociceptive activity of novel amide derivatives of imidazolidine-2,4-dione in a mouse model of acute pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiepileptic drugs are commonly used in non-epileptic disorders. For example, phenytoin and levetiracetam demonstrate analgesic properties in rodent models of pain. In order to enhance their antinociceptive activity, structural features of phenytoin and levetiracetam, such as imidazolidine-2,4-dione and amide bond in alkyl chain, were combined in one molecule. Furthermore, in preliminary studies, methoxyphenylpiperazinpropyl derivatives of imidazolidine-2,4-dione acted as antinociceptive agents in several rodent models of acute pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The final compounds and the reference drugs - levetiracetam and phenytoin were evaluated in the hot plate test to assess their antinociceptive activity in this acute pain model. Furthermore, for the analgesic active compounds the impact on animals' locomotor activity and motor performance were estimated and the affinity to serotonergic (5-HT1A, 5-HT7) and adrenergic (α1) receptors was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the tested compounds: 7, 15 and 18 showed statistically significant antinociceptive properties at the dose of 30mg/kg. Among them, compound 18, 1-methyl-3-[1-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-oxobutan-2-yl]imidazolidine-2,4-dione, exhibited the most significant and long-lasting antinociceptive activity. Noteworthy, this activity was not associated with a negative effect on animals' motor functions. Serotonergic or adrenergic neurotransmission is not involved in this antinociceptive effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some amide derivatives of imidazolidine-2,4-diones possess antinociceptive properties in mice but further studies are needed to explain their mechanism of action and assess their toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czopek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: salat.kinga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sałat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Byrtus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rychtyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawłowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siwek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soluch
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biology, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mureddu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Filipek
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000577:Amides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048289:Imidazolidines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000700:Analgesics; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D048289:Imidazolidines; C514490:imidazolidine-2,4-dione
keywords: Acute thermally-induced pain; Amide derivatives; Antinociceptive agents; Hot plate test; Imidazolidine-2,4-dione