title: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Identification of Peptides Associated with Cephalic Ganglia Regeneration in Schmidtea mediterranea.
abstract: Tissue regeneration is a complex process that involves a mosaic of molecules that vary spatially and temporally. Insights into the chemical signaling underlying this process can be achieved with a multiplex and untargeted chemical imaging method such as mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), which can enablede novostudies of nervous system regeneration. A combination of MSI and multivariate statistics was used to differentiate peptide dynamics in the freshwater planarian flatwormSchmidtea mediterraneaat different time points during cephalic ganglia regeneration. A protocol was developed to makeS. mediterraneatissues amenable for MSI. MS ion images of planarian tissue sections allow changes in peptides and unknown compounds to be followed as a function of cephalic ganglia regeneration. In conjunction with fluorescence imaging, our results suggest that even though the cephalic ganglia structure is visible after 6 days of regeneration, the original chemical composition of these regenerated structures is regained only after 12 days. Differences were observed in many peptides, such as those derived from secreted peptide 4 and EYE53-1. Peptidomic analysis further identified multiple peptides from various known prohormones, histone proteins, and DNA- and RNA-binding proteins as being associated with the regeneration process. Mass spectrometry data also facilitated the identification of a new prohormone, which we have named secreted peptide prohormone 20 (SPP-20), and is up-regulated during regeneration in planarians.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, and the Beckman Institute.
authors.forename: Ta-Hsuan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, and the Beckman Institute.
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Romanova
authors.affiliation: the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and.
authors.forename: Rachel H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Roberts-Galbraith
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, and the Beckman Institute.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, and the Beckman Institute.
authors.forename: Tyler A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, and the Beckman Institute.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60611.
authors.forename: Neil L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.affiliation: the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and.
authors.forename: Phillip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Newmark
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, and the Beckman Institute, jsweedle@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sweedler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005724:Ganglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010932:Planarians / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides
keywords: imaging; mass spectrometry (MS); neurogenesis; neuropeptide; regeneration