title: Psoas muscle size as a frailty measure for open and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of sarcopenia as a frailty assessment tool for patients with aortic stenosis undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort comprised 295 patients who underwent either SAVR (n = 156) or TAVR (n = 139). The mean preoperative Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality risk score was 4.7%. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used to calculate gender-standardized total psoas area (TPA), as a validated measure of sarcopenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the entire cohort, independent predictors of a composite measure of 30-day death, stroke, renal failure, prolonged ventilation, and deep wound infection included preoperative STS major morbidity and mortality risk score (odds ratio [OR], 91.1; P = .02) and TPA (OR, 0.5; P = .024). Two-year survival was 85.7% in patients with sarcopenia, compared with 93.8% in patients without sarcopenia (P = .02). Independent predictors of late survival included TPA (hazard ratio, 0.47; P = .02). Male sex (OR, 0.52; P = .04) and TPA (OR, 0.6; P = .001) were predictive of high resource utilization. A separate analysis by treatment group found that TPA predicted high resource utilization after SAVR (OR, 0.4; P < .001), but not after TAVR (P = .66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT scan-derived measurement of TPA as an objective frailty assessment tool predicts early morbidity and mortality, high resource utilization, and late survival after treatment for aortic stenosis. The correlation observed between sarcopenia and resource utilization after SAVR versus TAVR suggests that this simple and reproducible risk assessment tool also may help identify those patients who will derive optimal benefit from catheter-based therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich; Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: Raghavendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paknikar
authors.affiliation: Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cron
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Deeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chetcuti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: P Michael
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich; Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich; Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Englesbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich; Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich. Electronic address: hjpatel@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Himanshu J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D057216:Propensity Score; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D012737:Sex Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: aortic valve replacement; outcomes; transcatheter valve replacement