title: Depression predictors within six months of ischemic stroke: The DEPRESS Study.
abstract: Depression negatively affects rehabilitation and quality of life after stroke. Identifying in the acute phase patients at high risk for post-stroke depression would facilitate early detection of depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  The DEPRESS (Depression Predictors after Ischemic Stroke) study was a prospective cohort study designed to identify baseline predictors of depression occurring within six months after ischemic stroke and high-risk patients for post-stroke depression. All patients without aphasia were screened for depression by a neurologist using the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a psychiatrist with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In severely aphasic patients, depression was diagnosed using the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale and the Visual Analog Mood Scale.
  
  
  
  Depression was present in 61 of 251 (24%) patients enrolled in the DEPRESS study. Female gender, prior history of depression, major physical disability, prior history of stroke, stressful life event exposure in the month preceding stroke onset, and pathologic crying were significant predictors of depression within six months after ischemic stroke. Depression was more frequent in patients with left caudate and/or lenticular nucleus lesion (OR = 2.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.97-5.91), but the difference was not significant. The presence of ≥2 predictors identified the largest proportion of depressed patients (62%) in the smallest proportion of the cohort (36%).
  
  
  
  Female gender, prior history of depression, major physical disability, prior history of stroke, recent stressful life event exposure before stroke, and pathologic crying were significant predictors of post-stroke depression occurring within six months after stroke onset.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Neurovasc, INSERM U894, Service de Neurologie et Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guiraud
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U894, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte âgé, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gallarda
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Neurovasc, INSERM U894, Service de Neurologie et Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calvet
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Neurovasc, INSERM U894, Service de Neurologie et Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turc
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U894, DHU Neurovasc, Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U894, Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rouillon
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Neurovasc, INSERM U894, Service de Neurologie et Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France jl.mas@ch-sainte-anne.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mas
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Depression; cohort study; predictor; risk factor; stroke