title: The response of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to micro- and nano-textured, hydrophilic and bioactive titanium surfaces.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to investigate the morphology and activity of the murine osteoblastic cell line MC3T3 on control smooth (Machined), commercially available rough (ZT) titanium discs, and on titanium samples obtained by modifying the ZT treatment protocol, and herein labelled as ZTF, ZTM and ZTFM. Cells were evaluated at SEM and immunofluorescence for morphology and cell-to-cell interactions and by MTT assay and real time PCR for cell growth and function. Microscopy showed that ZT modified protocols could differently affect cell shape and distribution. All the tested surfaces showed good biocompatibility by viability assay. However, cells on smoother surfaces appeared to express higher levels of transcript for Collagen 1a1, the main component of extracellular matrix, by real time PCR. Expression of the early differentiation marker Alkaline Phosphatase was higher on ZTF surfaces and ZTM enhanced the expression of later osteoblastic markers Osteoprotegerin and Osteocalcin. Noteworthy, the expression of Connexin 43, a component of cell-to-cell contacts and hemichannels, followed a similar pattern to differentiation marker genes and was higher in cells on ZTM surfaces, consistently with the microscopic observation of cell clusters. Taken together, this data showed that ZTF and ZTM treatment protocols appeared to improve the basal sand-blasting/acid-etching ZT procedure with ZTM surfaces promoting the most mature stage of differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lumetti
authors.affiliation: Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.affiliation: Dip. DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferraris
authors.affiliation: Dip. DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spriano
authors.affiliation: Dip. Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Passeri
authors.affiliation: Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghiacci
authors.affiliation: Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. guidomaria.macaluso@unipr.it.|Istituto per l'Elettronica e il Magnetismo IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy. guidomaria.macaluso@unipr.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macaluso
authors.affiliation: Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. carlo.galli@unipr.it.|Istituto per l'Elettronica e il Magnetismo IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy. carlo.galli@unipr.it.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-7181
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002470:Cell Survival; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014025:Titanium