title: Osteoporosis Associated with Epilepsy and the Use of Anti-Epileptics-a Review.
abstract: The increased rate of fractures associated with epilepsy has been long recognised but remains incompletely understood. Study quality and study results have varied, with some but not all studies showing bone diseases including osteoporosis and/or osteomalacia, and a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are also noted. Falls risk can also be higher in patients with epilepsy taking anti-epileptic medications, potentially leading to fracture. Larger research collaborations are recommended to further advance understanding in this field, particularly to examine underlying genetic and pharmacogenomic associations of epilepsy and anti-epileptic medication usage and its association with bone diseases and fractures, as well as further investigation into optimal management of bone health in epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Brain Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia. pettys@unimelb.edu.au.|Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. pettys@unimelb.edu.au.|Academic Centre, Ormond College, Parkville, VIC, Australia. pettys@unimelb.edu.au.|Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. pettys@unimelb.edu.au.|Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia. pettys@unimelb.edu.au.|Department of Neurology, Western Health, Sunshine, VIC, Australia. pettys@unimelb.edu.au.|Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. pettys@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.affiliation: St Vincent's Hospital Library Service, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilding
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.|Bone and Mineral Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Anti-epileptic medication; Epilepsy; Fracture risk; Osteoporosis