title: Injury outcome among helmeted and non-helmeted motorcycle riders and passengers at a tertiary care hospital in north-western Tanzania.
abstract: Motorcycle helmets have been reported to reduce the risk of death and head injuries following motorcycle accidents. The aim of this descriptive prospective study was to determine the injury outcome among helmeted and non-helmeted motorcyclists and passengers at a tertiary hospital in north-western Tanzania. A total of 654 patients involved in the motorcycle accident were studied. Of these, 468 (71.6%) were motorcyclists (riders) and the remaining 186 (28.4%) were passengers. The median age of patients at presentation was 26 years. Male outnumbered females by a ratio of 4.5: 1. Helmet use was reported in 312 (47.7%) patients. Non- helmeted patients were young compared with helmeted patients and this was statistically significant (p = 0.021). The rate of helmet use was significantly higher among motorcyclists than among passengers (p = 0.004). History of alcohol consumption prior to the accident was reported in 212 (32.4%) patients. The rate of helmet use was significantly low among alcohol consumers compared with non-alcohol consumers (p = 0.011). Lack of helmet use was significantly associated with abnormal head Computed Tomography scans, admission to the Intensive care unit, severe trauma, and worse traumatic brain injury severity (p < 0.001). Helmet use was significantly associated with shorter period of hospitalization and reduced mortality rate (p < 0.001). Motorcycle helmet use is still low in this part of Tanzania and this poses a great impact on injury outcome among motorcycle injury patients. This observation calls for action to implement more widespread injury prevention and helmet safety education and advocacy.
authors.forename: Phillipo L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chalya
authors.forename: Isidori H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ngayomela
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mabula
authors.forename: Nkinda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mbelenge
authors.forename: Ramesh M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dass
authors.forename: Alphonce
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandika
authors.forename: Japhet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gilyoma
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapesa
authors.forename: Sospatro E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ngallaba
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D063128:Tertiary Health Care