title: Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases.
abstract: Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. Released glycans were quantified using MALDI-time of flight mass spectrometry. We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Saiko
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5532-2547
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kazuno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujime
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimura
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: IgG; N-linked glycan; PSA; mass spectrometry; prostate cancer