title: Sonographic Assessment of the Fetal Penile Development.
abstract: The intrauterine diagnosis of micropenis is an important clue in the discernment of some syndromes and hormonal deficiencies. In this study, we tried to establish reference ranges for the fetal penile length and penile width. This prospective cross-sectional study included 179 healthy singleton male fetus pregnancies that were between 17 and 37 weeks of gestation. Of these pregnancies, the fetal penile length and width were measured using trans-abdominal ultrasound. The correlation coefficients of gestational age with penile measurements were calculated. We observed that as the gestational age increased both the penile length and width increased (p < .0001, correlation coefficients R(2) = 0.854 and R(2) = 0.883; respectively). Reference values of the penile length in the Turkish Population were similar to previously evaluated populations including English, American and Israeli populations. The penile width measurement is a convenient way to diagnose micropenis, but penile width measurement alone might miss some penile abnormalities including chordee and hypospadias.
authors.affiliation: a Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , OBGY , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.affiliation: a Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , OBGY , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Saynur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: a Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , OBGY , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akdag Cirik
authors.affiliation: a Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , OBGY , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Fulya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kayikcioglu
authors.affiliation: a Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , OBGY , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dilbaz
authors.affiliation: b Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , Pediatrics , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Husniye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.affiliation: a Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , OBGY , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gelisen
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000196:embryology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
keywords: fetal penile length; micropenis; prenatal diagnosis; ultrasonography