title: Overactive Bladder.
abstract: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition affecting millions of individuals in the United States. Anticholinergics are the mainstay of treatment. Bladder botulinum toxin injections have shown an improvement in symptoms of OAB equivalent to anticholinergic therapy. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation can decrease symptoms of urinary frequency and urge incontinence. Sacral neuromodulation for refractory patients has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of OAB, urge incontinence, and urinary retention. Few randomized, head-to-head comparisons of the different available alternatives exist; however, patients now have increasing options to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Advanced Pelvic Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University, 106 Irving Street, Northwest, Suite 405 South, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Section of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 106 Irving Street, Northwest, Suite 405 South, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Section of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Urology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 106 Irving Street, Northwest, Suite 405 South, Washington, DC 20010, USA. Electronic address: Cheryl.iglesia@medstar.net.
authors.forename: Cheryl B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Iglesia
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Anticholinergics; Bladder botulinum toxin (Botox) injection; Overactive bladder; Sacral neuromodulation; Urinary incontinence