title: Effects of parent and child behaviours on overweight and obesity in infants and young children from disadvantaged backgrounds: systematic review with narrative synthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the crucial need to develop targeted and effective approaches for obesity prevention in children most at risk, the pathways explaining socioeconomic disparity in children's obesity prevalence remain poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review of the literature that investigated causes of weight gain in children aged 0-5 years from socioeconomically disadvantaged or Indigenous backgrounds residing in OECD countries. Major electronic databases were searched from inception until December 2015. Key words identified studies addressing relationships between parenting, child eating, child physical activity or sedentary behaviour and child weight in disadvantaged samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool quality rating for the studies ranged from 25 % (weak) to 100 % (strong). Studies predominantly reported on relationships between parenting and child weight (n = 21), or parenting and child eating (n = 12), with fewer (n = 8) investigating child eating and weight. Most evidence was from socio-economically disadvantaged ethnic minority groups in the USA. Clustering of diet, weight and feeding behaviours by socioeconomic indicators and ethnicity precluded identification of independent effects of each of these risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review has highlighted significant gaps in our mechanistic understanding of the relative importance of different aspects of parent and child behaviours in disadvantaged population groups.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia. georgina.russell@uts.edu.au.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia. georgina.russell@uts.edu.au.
authors.forename: Catherine Georgina
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laws
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Leva
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Centre for Obesity Management and Prevention Research Excellence in Primary Health Care (COMPaREPHC), Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denney-Wilson
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D033262:Narration; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D015430:Weight Gain