title: Evolving evidence in adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension: pathophysiology and management.
abstract: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare but important disease associated with significant morbidity. There is an expected rise in prevalence in line with the escalating global burden of obesity. Modern revisions in the terminology and diagnostic criteria for IIH help guide clinicians in investigations and researchers in standardising recruitment criteria for clinical trials. The pathophysiology of IIH is incompletely characterised; suggested underpinning mechanisms include the role of cerebrospinal fluid regulation as well as metabolic and endocrinological perspectives. Recent treatment trials are providing insights into the management but debate still surrounds key areas in treatment. This review will provide an up-to-date discussion on the potential pathogenic mechanisms and management of IIH.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mollan
authors.affiliation: Neurometabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Fizzah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Neurometabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Neurology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Ghaniah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassan-Smith
authors.affiliation: Neurometabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Botfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Neurometabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Neurology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sinclair
mesh_terms: D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011559:Pseudotumor Cerebri / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: BENIGN INTRACRAN HYP; CSF DYNAMICS; HEADACHE; NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY