title: Single house on-site grey water treatment using a submerged membrane bioreactor for toilet flushing.
abstract: Wastewater recycling has been and continues to be practiced all over the world for a variety of reasons including: increasing water availability, combating water shortages and drought, and supporting environmental and public health protection. Nowadays, one of the most interesting issues for wastewater recycling is the on-site treatment and reuse of grey water. During this study the efficiency of a compact Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SMBR) system to treat real grey water in a single house in Crete, Greece, was examined. In the study, grey water was collected from a bathtub, shower and washing machine containing significant amounts of organic matter and pathogens. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the system was approximately 87%. Total suspended solids (TSS) were reduced from 95mgL(-1) in the influent to 8mgL(-1) in the effluent. The efficiency of the system to reduce anionic surfactants was about 80%. Fecal and total coliforms decreased significantly using the SMBR system due to rejection, by the membrane, used in the study. Overall, the SMBR treatment produces average effluent values that would satisfy international guidelines for indoor reuse applications such as toilet flushing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: mfountoul@staff.teicrete.gr.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fountoulakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Markakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petousi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manios
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D006115:Greece; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anionic surfactants; Recycled water; Regulations; Removal efficiency; Wastewater