title: PAI-1 and TNF-α profiles of adipose tissue in obese cardiovascular disease patients.
abstract: Obesity as a leading preventable cause of death worldwide is closely linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, a potent inhibitor of plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis, is increased in many clinical situations associated with high incidence of CVD. In the obesity-linked elevation of PAI-1, evidence points to TNF-α as an important regulator of PAI-1 expression in adipose tissue.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study aims to evaluate mediastinal PAI-1 and TNF-α mRNA levels in adipose tissues (AT) and compare serum levels in obesity with and without coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese patients with (n=37) and without CAD (n=20) were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of PAI-1 and TNF-α were significantly higher in obese patients with CAD compared to obese patients without CAD. PAI-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in mediastinal adipose tissue (MAT) of obese patients with CAD compared to those without CAD, TNF-α mRNA expressions were found to be higher in EAT (epicardial AT), MAT and SAT (subcutaneous AT) of obese patients with CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated a close direct relationship between TNF-α and PAI-1. PAI-1 mRNA expression strongly correlated positively with serum TNF-α in MAT, and TNF-α expressions with PAI-1 serum levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilgic Gazioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokce
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atalar
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gaye
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erten
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: PAI-1; TNF-α; adipose tissue; cardiovascular disease