title: Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of thiamethoxam and dimethoate in mango.
abstract: Thiamethoxam and dimethoate are two insecticides used to control hoppers and inflorescence midges in mango. Thiamethoxam (0.008 and 0.016%) and dimethoate (0.06 and 0.12%) were sprayed on Dashehari mango trees during the pre-mature stage of fruit (first week of May) to study their dissipation kinetics and risk assessment in mango fruit. Thiamethoxam dissipated in fruit from 1.93 and 3.71 mg kg(-1) after 2 h of spraying to 0.08 and 0.13 mg kg(-1) after 20 days of spraying at single and double doses, respectively. Its residue did not persist beyond 20 days in fruit. Dimethoate dissipated in fruit from 2.81 and 5.34 mg kg(-1) after 2 h of application to 0.12 and 0.19 mg kg(-1) after 10 days of application at single and double doses, respectively. No residue was detected in fruit beyond 10 days after its application. Both ready-to-harvest mature mango fruit and pulp (after 40 days of spraying) were free from any residues of these insecticides at both the concentration levels. The rate of dissipation of these insecticides followed first-order kinetics in fruit with residual half-lives of 4.0 to 4.5 days for thiamethoxam and 2 days for dimethoate. Based on their MRL values of 0.5 and 2.0 mg kg(-1) in mango, pre-harvest intervals of 7 and 11 days, and 6 and 7 days were suggested for thiamethoxam and dimethoate, respectively, after spraying at single and double doses. The theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMRC) values for both the insecticides, calculated for residues corresponding to each sampling date, were found to be below the maximum permissible intake (MPI) values on mango fruit (except for dimethoate double dose up to 3 days); hence, both thiamethoxam and dimethoate could be considered non-hazardous to consumers at the above doses and time intervals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Post Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Kakori, Lucknow, 226 101, U.P, India. dadabhatu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhattacherjee
authors.affiliation: Division of Post Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Kakori, Lucknow, 226 101, U.P, India.
authors.forename: Abhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dikshit
mesh_terms: D004117:Dimethoate / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D004117:Dimethoate
keywords: Dimethoate; Dissipation; Mango; Pre-harvest interval; Risk assessment; Thiamethoxam