title: Involvement of Bacteria Other Than Clostridium difficile in Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea.
abstract: Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. Clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of AAD; however, only approximately 25% of all AAD cases are associated with C. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undetermined. Numerous other bacterial infectious agents have been implicated in AAD, including Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca. AAD is a complex disease that is influenced by the host, the infectious agent involved, and numerous clinical factors, including antibiotic treatment regimes. This review re-examines AAD and presents current perspectives on this disease, with a particular focus on the current understanding of bacterial causes other than C. difficile and the virulence factors involved in pathogenesis. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3800.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larcombe
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3800.
authors.forename: Melanie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.affiliation: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3800. Electronic address: Dena.Lyras@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lyras
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004768:Enterotoxins; D006801:Humans; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D041121:Klebsiella oxytoca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D037521:Virulence Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004768:Enterotoxins; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: antibiotic resistance; antibiotic-associated diarrhoea; antibiotics; bacteria