title: Nocturnal Hypoxemia Causes Hyperglycemia in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between oxygen saturation (SpO2) and dynamic interstitial glucose level (IGL) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) along with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to investigate the potential mechanisms thereof.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 130 patients with OSA and T2DM underwent polysomnography and oral glucose tolerance tests at the Sleep Medicine Center. Using the lowest (L) SpO2% tested, patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe LSpO2 groups. Polysomnography and continuous glucose monitoring systems were used to analyze the altered pattern of SpO2 and dynamic IGL in the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LSpO2 during sleep in patients with OSA and T2DM stimulated an increase in IGL. The moderate and severe levels were represented by IGL45 and IGL30, respectively. The average nocturnal and peak IGL after LSpO2 in the severe group were significantly higher than in the mild and moderate groups. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the body mass index (β = 0.301, P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (β = 0.260, P < 0.001), apnea-hypopnea index (β = 0.309, P < 0.001), average SpO2 (β = -0.423, P = 0.008), LSpO2 (β = -0.369, P < 0.001) and microarousal index (β = 0.335, P = 0.044) were probably related to nocturnal IGL in patients with OSA along with T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe and moderate OSA with T2DM is marked by a delayed IGL peak following LSpO2. Nocturnal hypoxemia causes hyperglycemia in patients with OSA along with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Peilin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. Electronic address: xyp5894@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: Continuous glucose monitoring; Obstructive sleep apnea; Polysomnography; Type 2 diabetes mellitus