title: A Variety of Phase-Transition Behaviors in a Niccolite Series of [NH3 (CH2 )4 NH3 ][M(HCOO)3 ]2.
abstract: A niccolite series of [bnH2 (2+) ][M(HCOO)3 ]2 (bnH2 (2+) =1,4-butyldiammonium) shows four kinds of metal-dependent phase transitions, from high temperature para-electric phases to low-temperature ferro-, antiferro-, glass-like, and para-electric phases. The conformational flexibility of bnH2 (2+) and the different size, mass, and bonding character of the metal ion lead to various disorder-order transitions of bnH2 (2+) in the lattice and relevant framework modulations, thus different phase transitions and dielectric responses. The magnetic members display a coexistence or combination of electric and magnetic orderings in the low-temperature region.
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Wu
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. zmw@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhe-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. gaosong@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: diammonium metal formate; dielectricity; magnetism; metal-organic frameworks; phase transitions