title: Five-Year Experience with Screening Electrocardiograms in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) Compare rates of abnormal screening electrocardiograms (ECGs) using updated criteria compared with older criteria. (2) Compare rates of abnormal ECGs by ethnicity. (3) Evaluate ability of ECG criteria to detect the predicted number of athletes with previously undetected cardiovascular abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective and retrospective review of ECGs. During the prospective portion of the study, the 2005 European Society of Cardiology criteria were used from 2008 to July 2011 and the 2011 Stanford criteria were used from August 2011 to 2013. Retrospectively, all ECGs were reevaluated using the 2011 Stanford criteria, 2013 Seattle criteria, and 2014 Sharma Refined criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association University.
  
  
  METHODS
  874 incoming athletes over a 5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  ECG screening program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of abnormal ECGs and number of athletes with newly discovered cardiac abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal ECG rates were the 2005 European criteria 10.7%, 2011 Stanford criteria 6.6%, 2013 Seattle criteria 2.8%, and 2014 Sharma Refined criteria 2.8%. In black athletes, the Stanford criteria resulted in more abnormal ECGs compared with Seattle or Sharma Refined. Three athletes were found to have a previously undetected cardiac abnormality (2 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 1 with preexcitation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More recent ECG screening criteria substantially reduce the abnormal ECG rate and thus the number of athletes requiring additional testing. ECG screening criteria identified the predicted number (1/300) of young athletes with serious underlying cardiovascular disease. These criteria prompt not only additional cardiovascular testing but also a more thorough cardiovascular history.
authors.affiliation: *Northern Nevada Medical Center, University of Nevada School of Medicine; †University of Nevada School of Medicine; ‡University of Nevada, Reno, School of Community Health Sciences; and §Silver Sage Sports and Fitness Lab, University of Nevada School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hug-English
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasternak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult