title: Copper Nanoparticles and Copper Sulphate Induced Cytotoxicity in Hepatocyte Primary Cultures of Epinephelus coioides.
abstract: Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) were widely used in various industrial and commercial applications. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxicity of Cu-NPs on primary hepatocytes of E.coioides compared with copper sulphate (CuSO4). Cultured cells were exposed to 0 or 2.4 mg Cu L-1 as CuSO4or Cu-NPs for 24-h. Results showed either form of Cu caused a dramatic loss in cell viability, more so in the CuSO4 than Cu-NPs treatment. Compared to control, either CuSO4 or Cu-NPs significantly increased reactive oxygen species(ROS) and malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration in hepatocytes by overwhelming total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, catalase(CAT) activity and glutathione(GSH) concentration. In addition, the antioxidative-related genes [SOD (Cu/Zn), SOD (Mn), CAT, GPx4] were also down-regulated. The apoptosis and necrosis percentage was significantly higher after the CuSO4 or Cu-NPs treatment than the control. The apoptosis was induced by the increased cytochrome c concentration in the cytosol and elevated caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities. Additionally, the apoptosis-related genes (p53, p38β and TNF-α) and protein (p53 protein) were up-regulated after the CuSO4 or Cu-NPs treatment, with CuSO4 exposure having a greater effect than Cu-NPs. In conclusion, Cu-NPs had similar types of toxic effects as CuSO4 on primary hepatocytes of E.coioides, but toxicity of CuSO4 was more severe than that of Cu-NPs.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhaopu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005399:Fishes; D015870:Gene Expression; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020169:Caspases; D019327:Copper Sulfate