title: Characterization of the indoor particles and their sources in an Antarctic research station.
abstract: Many studies have been carried out on the environmental impact of the research stations on the Antarctic continent. However, the assessment of indoor air quality in these confined environments has been neglected. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the granulometric distribution of the indoor particles in the different compartments of the Brazilian Antarctic Station, to examine the number and mass concentration of the indoor particles, to conduct chemical and morphological analyses of the indoor PM2.5, and to identify the possible sources of the PM. The results showed that Na, K, Cl, Fe, Zn, S and Si were the main elements detected. High levels of black carbon were recorded in the workshop, which may be associated with the use of diesel vehicles. To identify the human activities related to the indoor particle emission in the station, the size distribution of the particles in the living room was monitored for seven consecutive days, during normal station operation. It was possible to identify the influence of individual processes, such as incineration, cooking and the movement of people, upon the particle size number concentration. The indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio for the total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 measured was significantly larger than those reported for urban buildings. In general, the I/O ratio distribution for all the compartments shows peak values between 2.5 and 10 μm, which is often related to human activity, such as cleaning, personnel circulation or clothing surfaces. The maximum I/O ratio at this range varied from 12 to 60. In addition, the compartments affected by combustion processes tend to present a significant number of submicron particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.060-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil. erica.pagel@gmail.com.|Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.060-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil. erica.pagel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Érica Coelho
authors.initials: ÉC
authors.lastname: Pagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.060-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neyval
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Costa Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.060-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Engel
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: de Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.060-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jane Méri
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, IFES, Av. Vitória 1729, 29.040-780, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Melina Moreira
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, IFES, Av. Vitória 1729, 29.040-780, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Salvador
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Boldrini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Universidade de São Paulo, P O Box 66318, 05314-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Américo Sansigolo
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010316:Particle Size; D012106:Research
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
keywords: Antarctic station; Indoor air quality; Indoor particles; Particulate matter