title: Naringin treatment induces neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease in vivo, but not enough to restore the lesioned dopaminergic system.
abstract: We recently reported that treatment with naringin, a major flavonoid found in grapefruit and citrus fruits, attenuated neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vivo. In order to investigate whether its effects are universally applied to a different model of PD and whether its treatment induces restorative effects on the lesioned nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) projection, we observed the effects of pre-treatment or post-treatment with naringin in a mouse model of PD. For neuroprotective effects, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was unilaterally injected into the striatum of mouse brains for a neurotoxin model of PD in the presence or absence of naringin by daily intraperitoneal injection. Our results showed that naringin protected the nigrostriatal DA projection from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, similar to the effects in rat brains, this treatment induced the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is well known as an important survival factor for DA neurons, and inhibited microglial activation in the substantia nigra (SN) of mouse brains treated with 6-OHDA. However, there was no significant change of DA phenotypes in the SN and striatum post-treated with naringin compared with 6-OHDA-lesioned mice, despite the treatment being continued for 12 weeks. These results suggest that post-treatment with naringin alone may not be enough to restore the nigrostriatal DA projection in a mouse model of PD. However, our results apparently suggest that naringin is a beneficial natural product to prevent DA degeneration, which is involved in PD.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea; BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heung Deok
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jungunju@naver.com.
authors.forename: Un Ju
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea; BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-842, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: srk75@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Ryong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016627:Oxidopamine; C005274:naringin; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: 6-hydroxydopamine; Naringin; Neuroprotection; Neurorestoration; Parkinson's disease