title: Carotid inter-adventitial diameter is more strongly related to plaque score than lumen diameter: An automated tool for stroke analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the strength of correlation between automatically measured carotid lumen diameter (LD) and interadventitial diameter (IAD) with plaque score (PS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study on a database of 404 common carotid artery B-mode sonographic images from 202 diabetic patients. LD and IAD were computed automatically using an advanced computerized edge detection method and compared with two distinct manual measurements. PS was computed by adding the maximal thickness in millimeters of plaques in segments taken from the internal carotid artery, bulb, and common carotid artery on both sides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coefficient of correlation was 0.19 (p < 0.007) between LD and PS, and 0.25 (p < 0.0006) between IAD and PS. After excluding 10 outliers, coefficient of correlation was 0.25 (p < 0.0001) between LD and PS, and 0.38 (p < 0.0001) between IAD and PS. The precision of merit of automated versus the two manual measurements was 96.6% and 97.2% for LD, and 97.7% and 98.1%, for IAD, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our automated measurement system gave satisfying results in comparison with manual measurements. Carotid IAD was more strongly correlated to PS than carotid LD in this population sample of Japanese diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University, Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India.|Point-of-Care Devices, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc, Roseville, CA.
authors.forename: P Krishna
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India.|Point-of-Care Devices, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc, Roseville, CA.
authors.forename: Jeny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lavra
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA.
authors.forename: Aditya M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: CorVasc Vascular Laboratory, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Shoaib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafique
authors.affiliation: Vascular Diagnostic Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.affiliation: UC Davis Vascular Center, University of California, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Point-of-Care Devices, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc, Roseville, CA.|Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA.|Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Idaho (Affl.), ID.
authors.forename: Jasjit S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*
keywords: automated measurement; carotid; inter-adventitial diameter; intraobserver variability; lumen diameter; plaque score; precision of merit; sonographic; stroke