title: Meaningful activities for improving the wellbeing of people with dementia: beyond mere pleasure to meeting fundamental psychological needs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dementia is being increasingly recognised as a major public health issue for our ageing populations. A critical aspect of supporting people with dementia is facilitating their participation in meaningful activities. However, research to date has not drawn on theories of ageing from developmental psychology that would help undergird the importance of such meaningful activity. For the first time, we connect existing activity provision for people with dementia with developmental psychology theories of ageing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature in two stages: first, we narratively searched the literature to demonstrate the relevance of psychological theories of ageing for provision of meaningful activities for people with dementia, and in particular focused on stage-based theories of adult development (Carl Jung and Erik Erikson), gerotranscendence (Tornstam), selective optimisation with compensation (Baltes and Baltes), and optimisation in primary and secondary control (Heckhausen and Schulz). Second, we systematically searched PubMed and PsycINFO for studies with people with dementia that made use of the aforementioned theories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The narrative review highlights that activity provision for people with dementia goes beyond mere pleasure to meeting fundamental psychological needs. More specifically, that life review therapy and life story work address the need for life review; spiritual/religious activities address the need for death preparation; intergenerational activities address the need for intergenerational relationships; re-acquaintance with previously conducted leisure activities addresses the need for a sense of control and to achieve life goals; and pursuit of new leisure activities addresses the need to be creative. The systematic searches identified two studies that demonstrated the utility of applying Erikson's theory of psychosocial development to dementia care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We argue for the importance of activity provision for people with dementia to help promote wellbeing among an increasing proportion of older people.
authors.affiliation: Bournemouth University Dementia Institute and Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, UK snyman@bournemouth.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nyman
authors.affiliation: Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development, Newham Centre for Mental Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szymczynska
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D011582:Psychological Theory
keywords: adaptation; dementia; leisure activities; psychological; psychological theory; quality of life