title: Elevated expression of HIF-lα in actively growing prostate tissues is associated with clinical features of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in middle-age or older men. Increasing evidence has shown that BPH is associated with hypoxia microenvironment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively collected patient data and tissue samples from fetal prostates(FP), normal prostates(NP), intra-acinar of BPH, peri-acinar of BPH, prostate cancers and sarcomas of prostate. The expression of HIF-1α, as well as VEGF was visualized by immunohistochemistry and statistically analyzed with clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of HIF-lα was observed in intra-acinar of BPH (69.5%), prostate cancer (85.7%) and all FPs, while NP and peri-acinar of BPH tissues were all stained negative. HIF-lα levels in FPs and the malignant tumors were higher than BPH tissues(p < 0.05), and the expression of HIF-lα in intra-acinar of BPH was higher than NP and peri-acinar of BPH (p < 0.05). The expression of HIF-lα was correlated with the weight of intra-acinar of prostate (p < 0.05). And patients with prostate weight larger that 72.45g were prone to have HIF-lα moderate-positive expression, according to the ROC curve (AUC = 0.734, 95%CI = 0.630-0.838). Moreover, the risk of acute urine retention (AUR) for HIF-lα moderate-positive patients increased significantly (OR=5.517, 95%CI = 2.434-12.504).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIF-lα expression is increased in highly proliferative prostate tissues and correlated with the weight of intra-acinar prostate. Moreover, HIF-lα is also an independent risk factor for AUR occurrence in BPH patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.|Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Sentai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Haihu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Dongbin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Kejia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jiaju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
keywords: Pathology Section; acute urine retention(AUR); benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH); fetal prostate(FP); hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha(HIF-lα)