title: Molecular Basis of Lung Tropism of Metastasis.
abstract: A predilection of metastasis to the lungs has been noted for several types of cancer. Herein, we summarize underlying mechanisms for lung tropism of metastasis. We discuss the identification of a gene signature in primary breast tumors predicting metastasis to the lungs, as well as functional validation of selected genes of the signature. We outline the contribution of pre- and metastatic niches, the role of exosomes, activation of disseminated, dormant tumor cells and selected tumor-stromal cell interactions to lung metastasis and colonization. We also refer to metastasis-mediating mechanisms based on alterations of the tumor cell cytoskeleton, as well as lung metastasis-suppressing mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Weidle
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Birzele
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gwendlyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kollmorgen
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany ruediger.rueger@roche.com.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rüger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000502:physiology; D003599:Cytoskeleton; D055354:Exosomes / Q000502:physiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors
keywords: Lung metastasis and colonization; lung metastasis signature; metastatic niche; review; tumor cell–stromal cell interaction