title: Using standardized patients versus video cases for representing clinical problems in problem-based learning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The quality of problem representation is critical for developing students' problem-solving abilities in problem-based learning (PBL). This study investigates preclinical students' experience with standardized patients (SPs) as a problem representation method compared to using video cases in PBL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 99 second-year preclinical students from Inje University College of Medicine (IUCM) responded to a Likert scale questionnaire on their learning experiences after they had experienced both video cases and SPs in PBL. The questionnaire consisted of 14 items with eight subcategories: problem identification, hypothesis generation, motivation, collaborative learning, reflective thinking, authenticity, patient-doctor communication, and attitude toward patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results reveal that using SPs led to the preclinical students having significantly positive experiences in boosting patient-doctor communication skills; the perceived authenticity of their clinical situations; development of proper attitudes toward patients; and motivation, reflective thinking, and collaborative learning when compared to using video cases. The SPs also provided more challenges than the video cases during problem identification and hypotheses generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPs are more effective than video cases in delivering higher levels of authenticity in clinical problems for PBL. The interaction with SPs engages preclinical students in deeper thinking and discussion; growth of communication skills; development of proper attitudes toward patients; and motivation. Considering the higher cost of SPs compared with video cases, SPs could be used most advantageously during the preclinical period in the IUCM curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Young
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9635-4799
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Learning, Design, and Technology Program, The University of Georgia College of Education, Athens, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ikseon
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8005-1649
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Seokjin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2688-4006
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3001-234X
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyerin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3879-709X
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Doo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9459-3227
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Tae
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6132-897X
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D016544:Patient Simulation; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012577:Schools, Medical; D066107:Social Skills; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching; D013850:Thinking; D014495:Universities; D014743:Videotape Recording
keywords: Problem representation; Problem-based learning; Standardized patients; Video case