title: Osseoinductive elements around immediate implants for better osteointegration: a pilot study in foxhound dogs.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on osseointegration of topical applications of melatonin vs. vitamin D over surfaces of immediate implants.
  
  
  
  Mandibular premolar distal roots (P2, P3, P4) were extracted bilaterally from six American Foxhound dogs. Three conical immediate implants were randomly placed bilaterally in each mandible. Three randomized groups were created: melatonin 5% test group (MI), vitamin D 10% test group (DI), and Control group implants (CI). Block sections were obtained after 12 weeks and processed for mineralized ground sectioning. Bone-to-implant contact (total BIC), new bone formation (NBF), inter-thread bone (ITB), and histological linear measurements (HLM) were assessed.
  
  
  
  At 12 weeks, all implants were clinically stable and histologically osseointegrated. Total BIC values were 49.20 ± 3.26 for the MI group, 49.86 ± 1.89 for DI group and 45.78 ± 4.21 for the CI group (P < 0.018) with statistically significant difference between the three groups. BIC percentage were 42.44 ± 2.18 for MI, 44.56 ± 1.08 for DI, and 41.95 ± 3.34 for CI groups respectively (P > 0.05). Inter-thread bone formation values were MI 17.56 ± 2.01, for DI 19.87 ± 0.92, and CI 14.56 ± 1.24 (P > 0.05). Statistically significant differences in peri-implant new bone formation were found between the three groups: MI 28.76 ± 1.98, DI 32.56 ± 1.11 and CI 25.43 ± 4.67, respectively (P < 0.045). Linear measurements showed that the MI group showed significantly less lingual crestal bone loss (CBL) (MI 0.59 ± 0.71), compared to DI (0.91 ± 1.21) and CI (0.93 ± 1.21) (P < 0.042), and less lingual peri-implant mucosa (PIM) (MI 3.11 ± 1.34),(DI 3.25 ± 0.18 compared with CI 3.54 ± 1.81 (P = 0.429). Linear measurements of buccal CBL showed significantly less buccal bone loss in test DI (0.36 ± 0.12) than CI (1.34 ± 1.23) and MI (1.11 ± 1.38) (P = 0.078).
  
  
  
  Within the limitations of this animal study, topical applications of 5% Melatonin or 10% vitamin D improved bone formation around implants placed immediately after extraction and helped to reduce CBL after 12 weeks osseointegration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Salomó-Coll
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J E Val
authors.initials: JEV
authors.lastname: de Maté-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández-Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gargallo-Albiol
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Calvo-Guirado
keywords: bone-to-implant contact; immediate implants; melatonin; osseintegration; vitamin D