title: Acupuncture for urinary incontinence after stroke: a protocol for systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study, which will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs), is to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for patients with stroke and urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  RCTs will be searched electronically in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL and four Chinese medical databases from their inception to present. Manual retrieval will also be conducted. RCTs will be included if acupuncture was evaluated as the sole or adjunct treatment for patients with stroke and urinary incontinence. The primary outcome will be measured by using the pad-weighing test. The secondary outcomes will include urination diary, bladder capacity, clinical symptom scores, the number of patients healed completely in trial follow-up period and adverse events. The study selection, data extraction and evaluation of study quality will be performed independently by two researchers. The methodological quality of the included trials will be assessed by using the Cochrane risk-of-bias criteria and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This systematic review will assess the current evidence of acupuncture treatment for patients with stroke and urinary incontinence. The findings of this study will be published through a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CRD42014015611.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Zhongren
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Jinhuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, California, USA.
authors.forename: Qinhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: acupuncture; randomized controlled trial; stroke; systematic review; urinary incontinence