title: Rapid breath-hold assessment of myocardial velocities using spiral UNFOLD-ed SENSE tissue phase mapping.
abstract: To develop and validate a rapid breath-hold tissue phase mapping (TPM) sequence.
  
  
  
  The sequence was based on an efficient uniform density spiral acquisition, combined with data acceleration. A novel acquisition and reconstruction strategy enabled combination of UNFOLD (2×) and SENSE (3×): UNFOLD-ed SENSE. The sequence was retrospectively cardiac-gated, and a graphics processing unit (GPU) was used for rapid "online" reconstruction. The optimal UNFOLD parameters for the data were calculated using an in silico model. The technique was validated on a 1.5T MR scanner in 15 patients with known aortic valve disease, against a respiratory self-navigated free-breathing TPM technique. Quantitative image quality measures (velocity-to-noise and edge sharpness) were made as well as calculation of longitudinal, radial, and tangential myocardial velocities in the left ventricle.
  
  
  
  The proposed breath-hold TPM data took eight heartbeats to acquire. The breath-hold TPM images had significantly higher edge sharpness (P = 0.0014) than the self-navigated TPM images, but with significantly lower velocity-to-noise ratio (P < 0.0001). There was excellent agreement (r > 0.94) in the longitudinal, radial, and tangential velocities between the self-navigated data and the proposed breath-hold TPM sequence.
  
  
  
  We demonstrate the feasibility of using spiral UNFOLD-ed SENSE to measure myocardial velocities using a rapid breath-hold spiral TPM sequence. This novel technique might enable accurate measurement of myocardial velocities, in a short scan time, which is especially important in a busy clinical workflow. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:1003-1009.
authors.affiliation: UCL Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Grzegorz T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kowalik
authors.affiliation: UCL Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK. v.muthurangu@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muthurangu
authors.affiliation: UCL Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khushnood
authors.affiliation: UCL Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Steeden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062485:Breath Holding; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: UNFOLD-ed SENSE; myocardial motion; tissue phase mapping