title: The COGs (context, object, and goals) in multisensory processing.
abstract: Our understanding of how perception operates in real-world environments has been substantially advanced by studying both multisensory processes and "top-down" control processes influencing sensory processing via activity from higher-order brain areas, such as attention, memory, and expectations. As the two topics have been traditionally studied separately, the mechanisms orchestrating real-world multisensory processing remain unclear. Past work has revealed that the observer's goals gate the influence of many multisensory processes on brain and behavioural responses, whereas some other multisensory processes might occur independently of these goals. Consequently, other forms of top-down control beyond goal dependence are necessary to explain the full range of multisensory effects currently reported at the brain and the cognitive level. These forms of control include sensitivity to stimulus context as well as the detection of matches (or lack thereof) between a multisensory stimulus and categorical attributes of naturalistic objects (e.g. tools, animals). In this review we discuss and integrate the existing findings that demonstrate the importance of such goal-, object- and context-based top-down control over multisensory processing. We then put forward a few principles emerging from this literature review with respect to the mechanisms underlying multisensory processing and discuss their possible broader implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: ten Oever
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romei
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Educational Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Education and Institute LEARN!, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nienke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Atteveldt
authors.affiliation: Multisensory Research Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soto-Faraco
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service and Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, BH7.081, rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.|EEG Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) of Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Micah M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service and Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, BH7.081, rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. pawel.matusz@gmail.com.|Attention, Brain, and Cognitive Development Group, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. pawel.matusz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pawel J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-4868
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Matusz
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation
keywords: Attention; Audio-visual; Bottom-up; Brain mapping; Control; Multisensory; Object; Top-down