title: Reactive oxygen species and synthetic antioxidants as angiogenesis modulators: Clinical implications.
abstract: Angiogenesis is important for normal functioning of organism and its disturbances are observed in many diseases, called angiogenesis-related states. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) play an important role in physiology, but high level of cellular ROSs is cytotoxic and mutagenic for the cells, i.e. it can lead to oxidative stress. In this review we discuss close relationship between ROSs and angiogenesis process. Substances counteracting free radicals or their action and oxidative stress are known as antioxidants. We postulate that antioxidants, by affecting angiogenesis, may modulate therapy results in the case of angiogenesis-related disease. Herein, we present some antioxidant preparations of synthetic (N-acetylcysteine, curcumin and its analogs, Probucol, oleane tripertenoid, EGCG synthetic analogs) and nature-identical (vitamin E and C) origin. Then, we analyze their angiogenic properties and their multidirectional molecular effect on angiogenesis. Most preparations reduce neovascularization and diminish the level of proangiogenic molecules, downregulating signaling pathways related to angiogenesis. Moreover, we discuss studies concerning anticancer properties of presented synthetic antioxidants and their application in several angiogenesis-related diseases. We conclude that therapy in angiogenesis-related diseases should be planned with consideration of the angiogenic status of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: dradomska@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Dorota M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Radomska-Leśniewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: agatahevelke@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hevelke
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland; Second Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: pskopin@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skopiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: barbara.balan@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bałan
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: jaroslaw.jozwiak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jóźwiak
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: rokdar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rokicki
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: ewaskop@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skopińska-Różewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: abialosze@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Białoszewska
mesh_terms: D043924:Angiogenesis Modulating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D043924:Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Angiogenesis; Angiogenesis-related disease; Antioxidants; Oxidative stress-related disease; Reactive oxygen species