title: Erythrocyte linoleic acid, but not oleic acid, is associated with improvements in body composition in men and women.
abstract: Supplementation with linoleic acid (LA; 18:2Ω6)-rich oils increases lean mass and decreases trunk adipose mass in people. Erythrocyte fatty acids reflect the dietary pattern of fatty acid intake and endogenous metabolism of fatty acids. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of erythrocyte LA, with aspects of body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Additionally, we tested for relationships of oleic acid (OA) and the sum of long chain omega-three fatty acids (LC-Ω3-SUM), on the same outcomes.
  
  
  
  Men and women (N = 139) were evaluated for body composition, insulin resistance, and serum inflammatory markers, IL-6, and c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte fatty acid composition after an overnight fast. LA was positively related to appendicular lean mass/body mass index and inversely related to trunk adipose mass. Additionally, LA was inversely related to insulin resistance and IL-6. While there was an inverse relationship between OA or LC-Ω3-SUM with markers of inflammation, there were no relationships between OA or LC-Ω3-SUM with body composition or HOMA-IR.
  
  
  
  Higher erythrocyte LA was associated with improved body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Erythrocyte OA or LC-Ω3-SUM was unrelated to body composition and insulin resistance. There is much controversy about whether all unsaturated fats have the same benefits for metabolic syndrome and weight gain. We sought to test the strength of the relationships between three unsaturated fatty acid in erythrocytes with measurements of body composition, metabolism, and inflammation in healthy adults. Linoleic acid, but not oleic acid or the sum of long-chain omega 3 fatty acids (w3), was associated with increased appendicular lean mass and decreased trunk adipose mass and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Belury
authors.affiliation: Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA.|Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Brittney E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jia-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Andridge
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Janice K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kiecolt-Glaser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: Body composition; Erythrocyte fatty acid composition; Linoleic acid; Unsaturated fatty acids