title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of the wild edible cruciferous: Diplotaxis simplex.
abstract: Context The present study deals with new biological properties of the wild edible Diplotaxis simplex (Viv.) Spreng (Brassicaceae). Objectives The current study evaluates the antioxidant, the anti-inflammatory and the anti-cancer properties of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from D. simplex flowers. Materials and methods The anti-proliferative activity of the extracts (10-70 μg/mL) was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) against human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by the inhibitory effect of the extracts (1.5-7.5 mg/mL) on phospholipase A2 activity as well as on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. Extracts (200 mg/kg) or indomethacin (50 mg/kg) as positive control were injected intraperitoneally for albino mice prior to the induction of the oedema by carrageenan. Antioxidant activities were investigated using various complementary methods. Results Flower extracts contained a high level of polyphenolics (17.10-52.70 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (74.20-100.60 mg QE/g), which correlate with its appreciable antioxidant potential in β-carotene peroxidation (IC50 value: 12.50-27.10 μg/mL), DPPH(•) radical-scavenging (IC50 value: 0.20-0.40 mg/mL), Fe(3+ )reducing (EC50 value: 0.10-0.14 mg/mL) and Fe(2+ )chelating (IC50 value: 0.20-0.60 mg/mL) assays. These extracts were effective in inhibiting cancer cell growth (IC50 value: 62.0-63.25 μg/mL). Besides, the ethyl acetate extract inhibited phospholipase A2 activity (IC50 value: 2.97 mg/mL) and reduced the paw oedema in mice (from 0.38 ± 0.01 to 0.24 ± 0.01 cm), 4 h post-carrageenan challenge. Conclusion These data suggest that D. simplex may be useful as a candidate in the treatment of inflammation and the colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Lipases and Biochemistry, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS) , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia ;
authors.forename: Hamida
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jdir
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia ;
authors.forename: Bassem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khemakham
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Pastoral Ecology , Arid Lands Institute , Medenine , Tunisia ;
authors.forename: Hanen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najjaa
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia ;
authors.forename: Mouna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakroun
authors.affiliation: d Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology , ENIS, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia ;
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jridi
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Pastoral Ecology , Arid Lands Institute , Medenine , Tunisia ;
authors.forename: Abdelkarim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Arfa
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Lipases and Biochemistry, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS) , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia ;
authors.forename: Yassine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben Ali
authors.affiliation: e High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes , Medenine , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nacim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zouari
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002351:Carrageenan; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D035264:Flowers; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; C007650:ethyl acetate; D002351:Carrageenan; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D054467:Phospholipases A2
keywords: Anticancer effect; anti-oedema activity; antioxidant activities; caco-2 cells