title: Organ-specific concept and controversy for premalignant lesions and carcinogenesis of gallbladder cancer.
abstract: An analysis of premalignant lesions, risk factors and models of carcinogenesis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) involves the concept of organ specificity. In GBC, the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence are considered to be more important models of carcinogenesis than the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Cholecystectomy is recommended for gallbladder polyps ≥1.0 cm, and all pre-invasive adenomas and papillary neoplasms ≥1.0 cm are defined as intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasms (ICPTNs). Although adenomyomatosis (ADM) and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) are controversial lesions, a knowledge of their clinicopathological features would help clinicians to manage gallbladder lesions associated with ADM or XCG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Saga University Hospital, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kai
keywords: Gallbladder cancer (GBC); adenoma; adenomyomatosis (ADM); intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasms (ICPTNs); premalignant lesion; xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC)