title: Emerging therapies in systemic lupus erythematous: from clinical trial to the real life.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by multisystem involvement and a relapsing remitting course. SLE is a highly heterogeneous condition, with wide variations in both the presentation and severity of disease and the biological markers identified. The use of biologics in SLE has lagged behind that of other rheumatological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, in part due to the diverse clinical manifestations of SLE, making it difficult to design appropriate trials for novel treatments. As such, broad immunosuppressive treatment regimens are still widely used in SLE. Nevertheless, in recent years, elucidation of some aspects of SLE pathogenesis have allowed the development of therapies targeted at molecular mediators of SLE. This review provides an update of biological available therapies and those currently under development.
authors.affiliation: a Louise Coote Lupus Unit , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: Huza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Louise Coote Lupus Unit , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: b Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis , S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Savino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sciascia
authors.affiliation: a Louise Coote Lupus Unit , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cuadrado
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab; C511911:belimumab
keywords: Belimumab; Biological agents; Rituximab; systemic lupus erythematosus