title: Low Levels of Apolipoprotein B-100 Autoantibodies Are Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous smaller studies have indicated inverse associations between autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein epitopes, and cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated associations between autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210, respectively, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in a large population-based cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies were analyzed by ELISA in a prospective study, including 5393 individuals (aged 46-68 years) belonging to the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study with a follow-up time of >15 years. Subjects that suffered an acute coronary event during follow-up (n=382) had lower levels at baseline of IgM autoantibodies recognizing the native and malondialdehyde-modified apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210 and also lower IgG levels recognizing native p210, whereas no association was found with risk for stroke (n=317). Subjects in the highest compared with lowest tertile of IgM-p45MDA (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.72 [0.55, 0.94]; P=0.017) and IgG-p210native (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.73 [0.56, 0.97]; P=0.029) had lower risk for incident coronary events after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in Cox proportional hazard regression models. Moreover, subjects with high levels of IgG-p210native were less likely to have carotid plaques as assessed by ultrasonography at baseline (odds ratio=0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.95, P=0.008 after adjustment for risk factors).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large prospective study demonstrates that subjects with high levels of apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies have a lower risk of coronary events supporting a protective role of these autoantibodies in cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Björkbacka
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ragnar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alm
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. gunilla.nordin_fredrikson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Gunilla Nordin
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Fredrikson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D065840:Protective Factors; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C569471:APOB protein, human; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
keywords: apolipoproteins; autoantibodies; cardiovascular disease; immune responses; peptides