title: Consumption Frequency of Foods Away from Home Linked with Higher Body Mass Index and Lower Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of foods prepared away from home (FAFH) has grown steadily since the 1970s. We examined the relationship between FAFH and body mass index (BMI) and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency of FAFH, daily FV intake, height and weight, and sociodemographic data were collected using a telephone survey in 2008-2009. Participants included a representative sample of 2,001 adult men and women (mean age 54 ± 15 years) residing in King County, WA, with an analytical sample of 1,570. Frequency of FAFH was categorized as 0-1, 2-4, or 5+ times per week. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. We examined the relationship between FAFH with FV consumption and BMI using multivariate models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher frequency of FAFH was associated with higher BMI, after adjusting for age, income, education, race, smoking, marital status, and physical activity (women: p = 0.001; men: p = 0.003). There was a negative association between frequency of FAFH and FV consumption. FAFH frequency was significantly (p < 0.001) higher among males than females (43.1% versus 54.0% eating out 0-1 meal per week, resp.). Females reported eating significantly (p < 0.001) more FV than males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among adults, higher frequency of FAFH was related to higher BMI and less FV consumption.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 412 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, 330 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, B07 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vermeylen
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, 305 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drewnowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D014861:Washington; D055815:Young Adult