title: Arthroscopic anatomic double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Our experience with follow-up of 4 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Double bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been proposed to recreate the natural anatomy of ACL. Reconstruction of the anatomy of both the bundles of ACL has been thought to be able to restore the rotational stability of the knee joint. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether DB reconstruction has better functional outcome than single bundle (SB) ACL reconstruction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction and manual laxity tests of knee in patients treated with DB ACL reconstruction in Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed 25 patients with an isolated ACL injury operated for DB ACL reconstruction after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and in the post-operative period at regular intervals with the minimum follow up of 4 years. Clinical stability was assessed by anterior drawer test, Lachman test and pivot shift test. Functional outcome was assessed by IKDC, Lysholm and Modified Cincinnati scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of 4 years, functional outcome in terms of all subjective scores was satisfactory. Graded stability results of the Lachman, Anterior drawer and pivot shift tests were almost near to that in normal knee. No complication occurred post-operatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anatomical DB ACL reconstruction seems to offer satisfactory results in terms of subjective scores and stability tests to patients with ACL tear. It has been found to be associated with no obvious complications and no failures. However a larger patient pool is desired for conclusive results.
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vivek Machhindra
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Hira Lal
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.affiliation: Additional Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Buddhadev
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Chaitanya Dev
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pannu
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meena
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Aravindh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palaniswamy
keywords: ACL reconstruction; Anterior cruciate ligament; Arthroscopy; Double bundle; Hamstrings