title: Growth assessment and risk factors of malnutrition in children with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the nutritional status, to screen for the presence of malnutrition, and to study the possible risk factors associated with malnutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional review of medical records of all diagnosed CF patients in the Pediatric Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain, between January 1984 and May 2015 was conducted. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected from records of last visit to CF clinic. Nutritional status and risk factors of malnutrition were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All records of 109 CF patients were reviewed. Forty-seven pediatric patients were included in the study. All included patients were on pancreatic enzyme replacement and 42 (89%) received high-calorie supplementation. Growth failure was noted in 34 (72%) patients, 19 (56%) were wasted and stunted, 8 (23.5%) were wasted only, and 7 (20.5%) were stunted. Low birth weight (p=0.032), and the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=0.039) were the significant risk factors for malnutrition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most CF patients in Bahrain (72%) are malnourished. Low birth weight and the presence of GERD are risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. E-mail. halfaraj@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hasan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.forename: Lina F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Al-Ali
authors.forename: Afaf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001445:Bahrain / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D056947:Enzyme Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019282:Wasting Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy