title: Factors affecting patients' adherence to orthodontic appointments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies show that attendance at orthodontic appointments affects treatment outcomes, treatment duration, and the probability of side effects. The aim of this study was to predict factors that influence patients' attendance at orthodontic appointments.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a face-to-face guided interview survey of 153 participants from orthodontic clinics in the Greater Boston area. Attendance at scheduled orthodontic appointments was self-reported as always, sometimes, or rarely. Participants' characteristics, including demographics, dental insurance, and oral hygiene practices, were self-reported. Moreover, from dental records, we collected the time that the participants spent undergoing active orthodontic treatment. Multivariable ordered logistic regression was used to report proportional odds ratios and attendance probabilities. A likelihood ratio test was performed to ensure that the proportional odds assumption held.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For overall appointment attendance, 76% of the participants reported always attending, 16% reported sometimes attending, and 8% reported rarely attending. Based on multivariable logistic regression (adjusted for age, race, and sex), the participants with optimal oral hygiene practices were almost 6 times (5.9) more likely to attend appointments than those who did not (P = 0.002). The odds of attending appointments decreased significantly (by 23%) for every 6-month increase in treatment duration (P = 0.008). Participants covered by non-Medicaid insurance were 4 times (P = 0.018) more likely to attend appointments than were those with Medicaid insurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that adherence to orthodontic treatment follow-up visits was strongly correlated to insurance type, treatment duration, and oral hygiene practices. Unlike previous studies, sex was not a significant predictor of adherence.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass; lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: omair_bukhari@hsdm.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Omair M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.affiliation: Resident, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sohrabi
authors.affiliation: Senior clinical investigator, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass; program director, Dental Public Health Residency, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007347:Insurance, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000067455:No-Show Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data