title: Influence of plasma-activated compounds on melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity.
abstract: Many organic chemists around the world synthesize medicinal compounds or extract multiple compounds from plants in order to increase the activity and quality of medicines. In this work, we synthesized new eugenol derivatives (ED) and then treated them with an N2 feeding gas atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to increase their utility. We studied the tyrosinase-inhibition activity (activity test) and structural changes (circular dichroism) of tyrosinase with ED and plasma activated eugenol derivatives (PAED) in a cell-free environment. Later, we used docking studies to determine the possible interaction sites of ED and PAED compounds with tyrosinase enzyme. Moreover, we studied the possible effect of ED and PAED on melanin synthesis and its mechanism in melanoma (B16F10) cells. Additionally, we investigated the structural changes that occurred in activated ED after plasma treatment using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Hence, this study provides a new perspective on PAED for the field of plasma medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.|Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Anser
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 314-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zaman
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.|Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 314-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Biochemistry &Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafiq
authors.affiliation: Florida Center of Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl, 32601, USA.|Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
authors.forename: Farukh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jabeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.|Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: SeungHyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 314-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Yum
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.|Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.|Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Attri
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005054:Eugenol / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008543:Melanins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D058626:Plasma Gases; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005054:Eugenol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C064056:tyrosinase-related protein-1; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase