title: Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers.
abstract: Objective:To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers.Method:In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview forDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(4th ed.;DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample.Results:Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% (n= 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD.Conclusion:ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sharlene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.affiliation: 2 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep Antoni
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Quiroga
authors.affiliation: 3 ICASA Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|4 University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geurt
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van de Glind
authors.affiliation: 5 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Frances R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: 6 Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
authors.affiliation: 7 Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allsop
authors.affiliation: 1 University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.|8 University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.affiliation: 9 University of Bern, Switzerland.|10 University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moggi
authors.affiliation: 11 Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barta
authors.affiliation: 12 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konstenius
authors.affiliation: 12 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.affiliation: 13 Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway.
authors.forename: Arvid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skutle
authors.affiliation: 13 Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway.
authors.forename: Eli-Torild
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: 4 University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten W J
authors.initials: MWJ
authors.lastname: Koeter
authors.affiliation: 14 Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demetrovics
authors.affiliation: 14 Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.|15 Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Máté
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapitány-Fövény
authors.affiliation: 16 University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schoevers
authors.affiliation: 4 University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|17 Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Katelijne
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen
authors.affiliation: 18 Reinier van Arkel groep,'s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter-Jan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.affiliation: 19 University of Antwerp, Belgium.|20 Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dom
authors.affiliation: 19 University of Antwerp, Belgium.|20 Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verspreet
authors.affiliation: 4 University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cleo L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Crunelle
authors.affiliation: 7 Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|8 University of Melbourne, Australia.|21 The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Jesse T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: 7 Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.affiliation: 1 University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cassar
authors.affiliation: 22 Université de Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatséas
authors.affiliation: 22 Université de Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auriacombe
authors.affiliation: 6 Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: 23 Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: 24 University of Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ortal
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Slobodin
authors.affiliation: 4 University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van den Brink
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: ADHD; persistence; substance related disorders; subtypes