title: Buckling Reduces eNOS Production and Stimulates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Arteries in Organ Culture.
abstract: Artery buckling alters the fluid shear stress and wall stress in the artery but its temporal effect on vascular wall remodeling is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the early effect of artery buckling on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and extracellular matrix remodeling. Bilateral porcine carotid arteries were maintained in an ex vivo organ culture system with and without buckling while under the same physiological pressure and flow rate for 3-7 days. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, fibronectin, elastin, collagen I, III and IV, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and eNOS were determined using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that MMP-2 expression level was significantly higher in buckled arteries than in the controls and higher at the inner curve than at the outer curve of buckled arteries, while collagen IV content showed an opposite trend, suggesting that artery buckling increased MMP-2 expression and collagen IV degradation in a site-specific fashion. However, no differences for MMP-9, fibronectin, elastin, collagen I, III, and TIMP-2 were observed among the outer and inner curve sides of buckled arteries and straight controls. Additionally, eNOS expression was significantly decreased in buckled arteries. These results suggest that artery buckling triggers uneven wall remodeling that could lead to development of tortuous arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
authors.forename: Yangming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA. hchan@utsa.edu.|Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. hchan@utsa.edu.
authors.forename: Hai-Chao
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004549:Elastin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D013552:Swine; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Arterial buckling; Extracellular matrix; MMP-2; Vascular remodeling; eNOS