title: Study of duodenal bacterial communities by 16S rRNA gene analysis in adults with active celiac disease vs non-celiac disease controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have suggested that abnormalities in the small-intestinal microbiota might be involved in the development or the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the composition of the duodenal microbiota between CD patients and non-CD controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial communities were identified by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA extracted from duodenal biopsies. The sequences analysis showed that the majority of the reads were classified within two phyla: Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Bacterial richness and diversity were higher in non-CD controls than in untreated CD patients, but the differences were not statistically significant. The principal coordinates analysis revealed that bacterial communities of non-CD controls and untreated CD patients were dispersed without forming a clear group according to diagnosis of CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no statistically significant differences in the upper small intestinal composition of bacterial communities between untreated CD patients and non-CD controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pyrosequencing analysis reveals a global picture of the duodenal microbiota that could be useful in future trials investigating the role of the microbiota in CD.
authors.affiliation: Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nistal
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caminero
authors.affiliation: Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Herrán
authors.affiliation: Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Andres
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital de León, León, Spain.|Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vivas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain.|Departamento de Inmunología, Hospital de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Morales
authors.affiliation: Área de Genética, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Sáenz de Miera
authors.affiliation: Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain.|Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casqueiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000382:microbiology*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 16S rRNA; 454 pyrosequencing; celiac disease; diversity; duodenal microbiota