title: The development and psychometric validation of the self-efficacy and performance in self-management support (SEPSS) Instrument.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and psychometrically test the self-efficacy and performance in self-management support (SEPSS) instrument.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Facilitating persons with a chronic condition to take an active role in the management of their condition, implicates that nurses acquire new competencies. An instrument that can validly and reliably measure nurses' performance and their perceived capacity to perform self-management support is needed to evaluate current practice and training in self-management support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Instrument development and psychometric testing of the content and construct validity, factor structure and reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review and expert consultation (N = 17) identified the content. The items were structured according to the Five-A's model and an overarching category of 'overall' competencies. The initial instrument was tested in a sample of 472 nurses and 51 nursing students from Belgium and the Netherlands, between June 2014-January 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analyses revealed satisfactory fit indices for the six-factor structure. Discriminating power was demonstrated for subgroups. The overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was high both for the self-efficacy and the performance items. The test-retest intra-class correlation coefficients were good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SEPSS instrument is a 36-item, Likert-scaled self-reporting instrument with good content and construct validity, and good internal consistency reliability and good test-retest reliability. Therefore, it is a promising instrument to measure self-efficacy and performance with regard to self-management support.
authors.affiliation: University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Veerle
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duprez
authors.affiliation: Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands.|Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Van Hooft
authors.affiliation: Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands.|Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jolanda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dwarswaard
authors.affiliation: Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands.|Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: AnneLoes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Staa
authors.affiliation: University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Hecke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mathilde M H
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Strating
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D009726:Nurses; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D000073278:Self-Management; D013338:Students, Nursing
keywords: competencies; instrument development; nursing; psychometric; reliability; self-management support; validity