title: Assessment of Injuries Caused by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Incidence of Bunch Rot Diseases in Table Grape.
abstract: Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) is the main insect pest of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) in the Southern Region of Brazil. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of fruit puncturing by adult females and larval infestation by A. fraterculus on the occurrence of bunch rot disease in the grape (cultivar "Itália") by evaluating grapes (a) punctured for oviposition by females of A. fraterculus, sterilized in laboratory with novaluron (40 mg L(-1)) and further spray-inoculated separately with Botrytis cinerea (1 × 10(6) conidia mL(-1)), Glomerella cingulata (1 × 10(6) conidia mL(-1)), and bacteria and yeast that cause sour rot (1 × 10(5) cells mL(-1)), (b) grapes punctured for oviposition by non-sterilized females with pathogen spraying, (c) grapes with mechanical wounds and pathogen spraying, (d) grapes with no wounds and with pathogen spraying, (e) grapes punctured for oviposition by A. fraterculus chemically sterilized in laboratory with novaluron, (f) grapes punctured for oviposition by A. fraterculus non-sterilized in laboratory with novaluron, (g) grapes with mechanical wounds, and (h) grapes with no sterilization or pathogen spraying. Our data indicated that the mechanical and oviposition wounds caused by A. fraterculus increased the percentage of grapes infected by B. cinerea, G. cingulata, and microorganisms of acid rot. The grape puncturing by A. fraterculus and the mechanical wound allows the penetration of B. cinerea and microorganisms leading to acid rot. We conclude that the fruit fly A. fraterculus may facilitate phytopathogens penetration leading to bunch rots in the table grape Itália.
authors.affiliation: Depto de Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. ruben_soad@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machota
authors.affiliation: Depto de Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bortoli
authors.affiliation: Lab de Fitopatologia/Entomologia, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: Lab de Fitopatologia/Entomologia, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botton
authors.affiliation: Depto de Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Grützmacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D015994:Incidence; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D033621:Tephritidae; D027843:Vitis
keywords: Botrytis cinerea; South American fruit fly; fruit damage; grapes