title: Combinatorial Cancer Immunotherapies.
abstract: T cell checkpoint blockade therapies are revolutionizing the treatment of patients with cancer. Highlighted by the recent success of PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade in patients with melanomas, synergistic immunotherapy combinations of modalities represent an important opportunity to improve responses and outcomes for patients. We review the rationale and experience with T cell checkpoint blockade in combination with targeting of other coinhibitory or costimulatory checkpoints, immunomodulatory molecules in the tumor microenvironment, and other anticancer modalities such as vaccines, chemotherapy, and radiation.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hellmann
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Claire F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: wolchokj@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Jedd D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolchok
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000276:immunology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D051379:Mice; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors
keywords: 4-1BB/CD137; CTLA-4; Chemotherapy; Combination immunotherapy; GITR; IDO; IL-2; LAG-3; OX-40; Oncolytic virus; PD-1; PD-L1; Radiation; T cell checkpoint blockade; TIM-3