title: In Situ Ptychography of Heterogeneous Catalysts using Hard X-Rays: High Resolution Imaging at Ambient Pressure and Elevated Temperature.
abstract: A new closed cell is presented for in situ X-ray ptychography which allows studies under gas flow and at elevated temperature. In order to gain complementary information by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the cell makes use of a Protochips E-chipTM which contains a small, thin electron transparent window and allows heating. Two gold-based systems, 50 nm gold particles and nanoporous gold as a relevant catalyst sample, were used for studying the feasibility of the cell. Measurements showing a resolution around 40 nm have been achieved under a flow of synthetic air and during heating up to temperatures of 933 K. An elevated temperature exhibited little influence on image quality and resolution. With this study, the potential of in situ hard X-ray ptychography for investigating annealing processes of real catalyst samples is demonstrated. Furthermore, the possibility to use the same sample holder for ex situ electron microscopy before and after the in situ study underlines the unique possibilities available with this combination of electron microscopy and X-ray microscopy on the same sample.
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.affiliation: 2Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,2800 Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Damsgaard
authors.affiliation: 4Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY,Notkestr. 85,22607 Hamburg,Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benzi
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rochet
authors.affiliation: 5Institute of Structural Physics,Technische Universität Dresden,01062 Dresden,Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.affiliation: 6Institute of Nanotechnology,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76021 Karlsruhe,Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: 8Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie,University of Bremen,28359 Bremen,Germany.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 8Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie,University of Bremen,28359 Bremen,Germany.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wittstock
authors.affiliation: 9European Synchrotron Radiation Facility,38043 Grenoble,France.
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinhausen
authors.affiliation: 2Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,2800 Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: 4Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY,Notkestr. 85,22607 Hamburg,Germany.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schroer
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany.
authors.forename: Jan-Dierk
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Grunwaldt
mesh_terms: D006358:Hot Temperature; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
keywords: X-ray microscopy; annealing; heterogeneous catalysis; in situ; nanoporous gold; ptychography; synchrotron radiation