title: Postprandial glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after consumption of ready-to-eat mixed meals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of three ready-to-eat mixed meals, with a high fiber content and low glycemic index, on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study followed a prospective, three-way, cross-over design. Twenty-four patients with T2DM consumed three ready-to-eat mixed meals, i.e., "wild greens pie" (meal 1), "chicken burgers with boiled vegetables" (meal 2) and "vegetable moussaka" (meal 3) and an oral glucose load, all providing 50 g of carbohydrates. Venous blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandial. Statistical analyses included repeated measures analysis of variance and calculations of the area under the glucose and insulin curves (AUC) for each one of the test meals and the oral glucose load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients consuming each one of the three mixed meals showed better postprandial glycemic responses compared to the oral glucose load (P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients consuming meal 3 showed a better insulinemic response compared to the oral glucose load and meal 1, after 60 and 120 min postprandial, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, the increase observed in HOMA-IR values from T0 to T120 was significantly lower for meal 3, compared to the oral glucose load (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three ready-to-eat mixed meals examined in the present study were found to elicit significantly lower glycemic responses compared to the oral glucose load in diabetic patients. The mixed meals examined in the present study could be proposed as effective, palatable and practical solutions for diabetics for glucose control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece. manios@hua.gr.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.|Envinhealth S.A., Vasilissis Sofias 22, 15124, Marousi, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moschonis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mavrogianni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsoutsoulopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kogkas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina-Paulina
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lambrinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Efstathopoulou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D057140:Fast Foods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065228:Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Diabetes; Glycemic index; Glycemic response; Insulinemic response; Mixed meals