title: Influence of artificial sebum on the dermal absorption of chemicals in excised human skin: A proof-of-concept study.
abstract: In an initial diffusion cell study, the influence of artificial sebum on dermal penetration and intradermal reservoir of ethanol and toluene was investigated in comparison with the effects of a skin cream (o/w- and w/o-emulsion) and untreated (control) skin. Human skin was exposed to neat ethanol and toluene for 4h, respectively. During the experiments, the penetration of the compounds was assessed in the receptor fluid. The amounts of the test compounds in the skin were determined at the end of exposure. In the control experiments, 42% of the total resorbed ethanol amounts were found in the intradermal reservoir after 4h, whereas 82% of the toluene amounts were found in the skin compartments. The treatment with artificial sebum showed no significant differences in dermal absorption of both test compounds compared to control skin. In contrast, the treatment with skin cream increased the percutaneous penetration (p<0.001) and the intradermal reservoir of ethanol ~2-fold but not of toluene. In all exposure scenarios, a relevant intradermal reservoir was formed. The results indicate that sebum does not influence the percutaneous penetration and the intradermal reservoir of epidermally applied chemicals, whereas the application of skin creams may increase the dermal penetration of the compounds.
authors.affiliation: Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Désirée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dennerlein
authors.affiliation: Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Göen
authors.affiliation: Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.affiliation: Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: Hans.Drexler@fau.de.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.affiliation: Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gintautas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korinth
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000431:Ethanol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D012629:Sebum; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D063465:Skin Cream / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014050:Toluene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014050:Toluene; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Artificial sebum; Diffusion cell; Ethanol; Percutaneous absorption; Skin cream; Toluene