title: A comb-like branched β-D-glucan produced by a Cordyceps sinensis fungus and its protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice.
abstract: An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was fractionated from fermentation media of a Cordyceps sinensis fungus (Cs-HK1) by ethanol precipitation at 2/5 volume ratio of ethanol/media. Its structural characteristics were elucidated by FT-IR, GC, GC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR combined with periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, partial acid hydrolysis, and methylation analysis. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory activity of EPS was evaluated by the model of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. The results from monosaccharide composition and partial acid hydrolysis indicated that EPS almost consisted of glucose excluding a trace amount of mannose. GC-MS and NMR analysis further confirmed EPS had a linear backbone of (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues with a single (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl side-branching unit for every three β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, showing a comb-like β-D-glucan with short and intensive branches, which was responsible for high viscosity. Moreover, EPS could significantly enhance immune organs and stimulate the release of major cytokines TNF-α and INF-γ, suggesting that EPS exhibited protective effect in immunocompromised mice.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Chenbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: hql@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qilin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Fengyuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032661:Cordyceps / Q000737:chemistry*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D047071:beta-Glucans; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Acetic anhydride (PubChem CID: 7918); Anthrone (PubChem CID: 7018); Chloroform (PubChem CID: 6212); Comb-like branched structure; Cordyceps sinensis; Cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression; DMSO-d(6) (PubChem CID: 75151); Dimethyl sulfoxide (PubChem CID: 679); Ethylene glycol (PubChem CID: 174); Formic acid (PubChem CID: 284); Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 443297); Methyl iodide (PubChem CID: 6328); Protective effect; Pyridine (PubChem CID: 1049); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Sodium periodate (PubChem CID: 23667635); Trifluoroacetic acid (PubChem CID: 6422); d-Arabinose (PubChem CID: 229); d-Fucose (PubChem CID: 840); d-Galactose (PubChem CID: 6036); d-Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); d-Mannose (PubChem CID: 18950); d-Rhamnose (PubChem CID: 5460029); d-Xylose (PubChem CID: 135191); β-d-Glucan