title: Combining multiple anatomical MRI measures improves Alzheimer's disease classification.
abstract: Several anatomical MRI markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified. Hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and grey matter density have been used successfully to discriminate AD patients from controls. These anatomical MRI measures have so far mainly been used separately. The full potential of anatomical MRI scans for AD diagnosis might thus not yet have been used optimally. In this study, we therefore combined multiple anatomical MRI measures to improve diagnostic classification of AD. For 21 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 21 cognitively normal controls, we calculated (i) cortical thickness, (ii) cortical area, (iii) cortical curvature, (iv) grey matter density, (v) subcortical volumes, and (vi) hippocampal shape. These six measures were used separately and combined as predictors in an elastic net logistic regression. We made receiver operating curve plots and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to determine classification performance. AUC values for the single measures ranged from 0.67 (cortical thickness) to 0.94 (grey matter density). The combination of all six measures resulted in an AUC of 0.98. Our results demonstrate that the different anatomical MRI measures contain complementary information. A combination of these measures may therefore improve accuracy of AD diagnosis in clinical practice. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1920-1929, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.|Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.|Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.|Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.|Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tijn M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.|Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.|Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafkemeijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, VU Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elise G P
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Dopper
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.|Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Swieten
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.|Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Rooij
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Grond
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.|Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.|Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Serge A R B
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rombouts
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012372:ROC Curve
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; anatomical MRI; classification; cortical area; cortical curvature; cortical thickness; grey matter density; hippocampal shape; subcortical volumes