title: Synchronous genetic turnovers across Western Eurasia in Late Pleistocene collared lemmings.
abstract: Recent palaeogenetic studies indicate a highly dynamic history in collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx spp.), with several demographical changes linked to climatic fluctuations that took place during the last glaciation. At the western range margin of D. torquatus, these changes were characterized by a series of local extinctions and recolonizations. However, it is unclear whether this pattern represents a local phenomenon, possibly driven by ecological edge effects, or a global phenomenon that took place across large geographical scales. To address this, we explored the palaeogenetic history of the collared lemming using a next-generation sequencing approach for pooled mitochondrial DNA amplicons. Sequences were obtained from over 300 fossil remains sampled across Eurasia and two sites in North America. We identified five mitochondrial lineages of D. torquatus that succeeded each other through time across Europe and western Russia, indicating a history of repeated population extinctions and recolonizations, most likely from eastern Russia, during the last 50 000 years. The observation of repeated extinctions across such a vast geographical range indicates large-scale changes in the steppe-tundra environment in western Eurasia during the last glaciation. All Holocene samples, from across the species' entire range, belonged to only one of the five mitochondrial lineages. Thus, extant D. torquatus populations only harbour a small fraction of the total genetic diversity that existed across different stages of the Late Pleistocene. In North American samples, haplotypes belonging to both D. groenlandicus and D. richardsoni were recovered from a Late Pleistocene site in south-western Canada. This suggests that D. groenlandicus had a more southern and D. richardsoni a more northern glacial distribution than previously thought. This study provides significant insights into the population dynamics of a small mammal at a large geographical scale and reveals a rather complex demographical history, which could have had bottom-up effects in the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eleftheria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palkopoulou
authors.affiliation: Center for Pre-Columbian Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baca
authors.affiliation: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.affiliation: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sablin
authors.affiliation: Department of Palaeozoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza Str. 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Socha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska Str. 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadachowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.|Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prost
authors.affiliation: Operational Direction "Earth and History of Life", Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mietje
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Germonpré
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8 Marta Street, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kosintsev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8 Marta Street, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Nickolay G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Smirnov
authors.affiliation: Northeast Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan 685000, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vartanyan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Paleontology, Institute of Geology of Komi Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 54 Pervomayskaya Street, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ponomarev
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.affiliation: Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky pereulok 7, Moscow 119017, Russia.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikolskiy
authors.affiliation: Royal Alberta Museum, 12845 102 Ave., Edmonton, AB T5N0M6, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Jass
authors.affiliation: Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia.
authors.forename: Yuriy N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Litvinov
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniela C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kalthoff
authors.affiliation: Mammoth Museum, Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University, 48 Kulakovskogo St., Yakutsk, 677000 Republic of Sakha, Russia.
authors.forename: Semyon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grigoriev
authors.affiliation: Mining Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, 78A Sibirskaya Street, 614007 Perm, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fadeeva
authors.affiliation: Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douka
authors.affiliation: Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas F G
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Higham
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ersmark
authors.affiliation: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvortsovaya nab. 18, 191186 St Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pitulko
authors.affiliation: Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute, Bering St. 35, 199397 St Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Węgleński
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stankovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Love
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dalén
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000235:genetics*; D000072441:DNA, Ancient / Q000032:analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis; D005060:Europe; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D005580:Fossils; D014644:Genetic Variation; D065948:Grassland; D009656:North America; D010802:Phylogeny; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012426:Russia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D065929:Tundra
chemical_list: D000072441:DNA, Ancient; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: biostratigraphy; climate; collared lemming; genetic replacement; palaeogenetics; refugia