title: Associations between Vitamin B-12 Status and Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Vegetarians and Omnivores.
abstract: Diabetes is considered an oxidative stress and a chronic inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between vitamin B-12 status and oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic vegetarians and omnivores. We enrolled 154 patients with type 2 diabetes (54 vegetarians and 100 omnivores). Levels of fasting glucose, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes activity, and inflammatory makers were measured. Diabetic vegetarians with higher levels of vitamin B-12 (>250 pmol/L) had significantly lower levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c and higher antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase) than those with lower levels of vitamin B-12 (≤ 250 pmol/L). A significant association was found between vitamin B-12 status and fasting glucose (r = -0.17, p = 0.03), HbA1c (r = -0.33, p = 0.02), oxidative stress (oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, r = -0.19, p = 0.03), and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, r = 0.28, p = 0.01) in the diabetic vegetarians; vitamin B-12 status was significantly correlated with inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, r = -0.33, p < 0.01) in diabetic omnivores. As a result, we suggest that it is necessary to monitor the levels of vitamin B-12 in patients with diabetes, particularly those adhering to a vegetarian diet.
authors.affiliation: Lee's Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung 90000, Taiwan. t3275@ms25.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Yau-Jiunn
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Jen-Ai Hospital, Tali-Taichung 40201, Taiwan. steady9705@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ming-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics &amp; Nutrition, Yang Ming Hospital, Chiayi 60045, Taiwan. a0912132648@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mon-Chiou
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. apt810@csmu.edu.tw.|Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. apt810@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ping-Ting
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000066988:Vegetarians; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids; D014805:Vitamin B 12; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: diabetes; inflammation; oxidative stress; vegetarian; vitamin B-12