title: Enzyme-Encapsulated Liposome-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Enabling Sensitive Personal Glucose Meter Readout for Portable Detection of Disease Biomarkers.
abstract: There is considerable demand for sensitive, selective, and portable detection of disease-associated proteins, particularly in clinical practice and diagnostic applications. Portable devices are highly desired for detection of disease biomarkers in daily life due to the advantages of being simple, rapid, user-friendly, and low-cost. Herein we report an enzyme-encapsulated liposome-linked immunosorbent assay for sensitive detection of proteins using personal glucose meters (PGM) for portable quantitative readout. Liposomes encapsulating a large amount of amyloglucosidase or invertase are surface-coated with recognition elements such as aptamers or antibodies for target recognition. By translating molecular recognition signal into a large amount of glucose with the encapsulated enzyme, disease biomarkers such as thrombin or C-reactive protein (CRP) can be quantitatively detected by a PGM with a high detection limit of 1.8 or 0.30 nM, respectively. With the advantages of portability, ease of use, and low-cost, the method reported here has potential for portable and quantitative detection of various targets for different POC testing scenarios, such as rapid diagnosis in clinic offices, health monitoring at the bedside, and chemical/biochemical safety control in the field.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bingqian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinmao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianhai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chaoyong James
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D008081:Liposomes; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; D013917:Thrombin
keywords: disease biomarkers; enzyme-encapsulated liposome; personal glucose meter; portable detection; signal amplification