title: Exotic Vegetable Oils for Cosmetic O/W Nanoemulsions: In Vivo Evaluation.
abstract: Oil-in-water nanoemulsions are stable systems with droplet sizes in the 20-200 nm range. The physicochemical properties of these systems may be influenced by the addition of additives. Thus, the influence of ethoxylated (EL) and acetylated lanolin (AL) addition on the droplet size, pH values, electrical conductivity and stability of nanoemulsions was investigated. Then, effect of nano-emulsions additives with EL (NE-EL) or AL (NE-AL) in hydration, oiliness and pH of the skin were evaluated. Nanoemulsion safety was evaluated through the observation of no undesirable effects after skin formulation application. Both additives caused changes in droplet size and electrical conductivity, but not in pH values. Nanoemulsions containing up to 6.0% ethoxylated lanolin and 2.0% acetylated lanolin remained stable after centrifugation tests. Higher concentrations of the additives made the nanoemulsions unstable. Stability tests showed that ethoxylated lanolin produced more stable nanoemulsions then acetylated lanolin and that the major instability phenomenon occurring in these systems is coalescence at elevated temperatures. Nanoemulsion-based lanolin derivatives increased skin hydration and oiliness and did not change cutaneous pH values. These formulations are non-toxic since they did not cause any irritation on the skin surface after nanoemulsion application, showing potential as carriers for pharmaceuticals and cosmetic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil. tatianapereira1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tatiana A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil. guerreiro.carolina@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Carolina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Guerreiro
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Course Coordination, Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, R. Ramos de Azevedo, 423, Jardim Paulista, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14090-180, Brazil. monica.maruno@baraodemaua.br.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruno
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil. ferrarimarcio@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil. pedranjo@fcfrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Pedro Alves
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rocha-Filho
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004355:Drug Stability; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007809:Lanolin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004655:Emulsions; D010938:Plant Oils; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D007809:Lanolin
keywords: lanolin; nanoemulsions; passion fruit oil; peach oil; raspberry seed oil; skin hydration