title: Physical activity attenuates the effect of the FTO genotype on obesity traits in European adults: The Food4Me study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the effect of FTO loci on obesity-related traits could be modified by physical activity (PA) levels in European adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 1,607 Food4Me participants randomized, 1,280 were genotyped for FTO (rs9939609) and had available PA data. PA was measured objectively using accelerometers (TracmorD, Philips), whereas anthropometric measures [BMI and waist circumference (WC)] were self-reported via the Internet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FTO genotype was associated with a higher body weight [β: 1.09 kg per risk allele, (95% CI: 0.14-2.04), P = 0.024], BMI [β: 0.54 kg m(-2) , (0.23-0.83), P < 0.0001], and WC [β: 1.07 cm, (0.24-1.90), P = 0.011]. Moderate-equivalent PA attenuated the effect of FTO on BMI (P[interaction]  = 0.020). Among inactive individuals, FTO increased BMI by 1.06 kg m(-2) per allele (P = 0.024), whereas the increase in BMI was substantially attenuated among active individuals (0.16 kg m(-2) , P = 0.388). We observed similar effects for WC (P[interaction]  = 0.005): the FTO risk allele increased WC by 2.72 cm per allele among inactive individuals but by only 0.49 cm in active individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PA attenuates the effect of FTO genotype on BMI and WC. This may have important public health implications because genetic susceptibility to obesity in the presence of FTO variants may be reduced by adopting a physically active lifestyle.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celis-Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cyril F M
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Marsaux
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamploma, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas-Carretero
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamploma, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: San-Cristobal
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Clare B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: O'donovan
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woolhead
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fallaize
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Macready
authors.affiliation: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolossa
authors.affiliation: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tsirigoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lambrinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moschonis
authors.affiliation: National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godlewska
authors.affiliation: National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surwiłło
authors.affiliation: Eurogenetica Ltd, Burnham-on-Sea, UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.affiliation: TNO, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jildau
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouwman
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.affiliation: National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Traczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Laurence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.affiliation: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Eileen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marianne C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamploma, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D057566:Self Report; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human