title: TheWhat, theWhy, and theHow: A Review of Racial Microaggressions Research in Psychology.
abstract: Since the publication of Sue et al. (Am Psychol 62:271-286, 2007a, b) seminal article, there has been an enormous scholarly interest in psychology on this construct of racial microaggressions-subtle everyday experiences of racism. In this paper, we provide a review of racial microaggressions research literature in psychology since 2007, following the publication of the first comprehensive taxonomy of racial microaggressions, which provided a conceptual framework and directions for research related to racial microaggressions. However, our review suggests that important conceptual and methodological issues remain to be addressed in the three domains: (1)whatare racial microaggressions and who do they impact; (2)whyare racial microaggressions important to examine; and (3)howare racial microaggressions currently studied andhowmight we improve the methodologies used to study racial microaggressions. We propose recommendations to further facilitate racial microaggressions research, improve the scientific rigor of racial microaggressions research, and contribute toward a more complete and sophisticated understanding of the concept and consequences of racial microaggressions-a construct that is undoubtedly salient and psychologically relevant among many members of racial minority groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
authors.forename: Annie O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Derthick
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
authors.forename: E J R
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York City, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okazaki
keywords: Everyday racism; Microaggressions; Racism; Subtle racism