title: Dietary fat intake and its association with risk of selected components of the metabolic syndrome among rural South Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited literature on the dietary fat intake of rural Indian populations, particularly in relation to the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to assess the dietary fat intake and analyze its association with the risk of selected components of the MS among rural population in the state of Tamil Nadu.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (n = 27012) ≥20 years of age were recruited from the rural component of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study, a cross-sectional study conducted in 42 villages in Kanchipuram District of Tamil Nadu.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a validated food frequency questionnaire, data were obtained on the fat intake among 6907 adults. Anthropometric and clinical measures were collected using standard methods. The components of the MS assessed were abdominal obesity, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose. All analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose were significantly higher in the highest quintile of fat intake (33%, P < 0.001; 39%, P = 0.04, and 23.3%, P = 0.003, respectively). Highest intake of fat was also significantly associated with risk of abdominal obesity (P < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.04), and impaired fasting glucose (P = 0.01). Sunflower oil as the main cooking oil was significantly associated with a higher risk of these components of the MS (P for trend <0.001) compared to traditional oils and palmolein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher dietary fat was significantly associated with risk of components of the MS and use of sunflower oil as main cooking oil increased metabolic risk in rural South Indians.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narasimhan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmipriya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gunasekaran
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Gayathri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajagopal
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vijayalakshmi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parthasarathy
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vasudevan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sudha
keywords: Dietary fat; metabolic syndrome; rural South Indians; vegetable oil