title: Function of the genetic element 'Mona' associated with fungicide resistance in Monilinia fructicola.
abstract: The genetic element 'Mona' has been shown previously to be associated with resistance to demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) in Monilinia fructicola. In this study, the promoter activity of the 'Mona' element was demonstrated genetically and the activity was narrowed down to a 20-bp active region through a series of deletions. 'Mona' knockout transformants (ΔMona) were generated from DMI-resistant isolate Bmpc7, and EC50values and expression of the MfCYP51 gene were found to be reduced in transformants compared with the parental isolate. When the 'Mona' element was inserted into the upstream region of the MfCYP51 gene of the DMI-sensitive isolate HG3, the EC50values and expression of the MfCYP51 gene increased in the transformants compared with the parental sensitive isolate. These results indicate that the 'Mona' element determines the DMI fungicide resistance through the up-regulation of the expression of the downstream MfCYP51 gene. No fitness penalty was observed in knockout and insertion transformants, i.e. transformants showed similar mycelial growth rate, sporulation and ability to cause lesions on fruit compared with their parental isolates, suggesting that the 'Mona' element does not affect basal life activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shuning
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Chaoxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial
keywords: DMI fungicide resistance; MfCYP51 gene; Monilinia fructicola; peach brown rot; ‘Mona’