title: Decreased Vigorous Physical Activity in School-Aged Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Johannesburg, South Africa.
abstract: To describe physical activity in South African children with and without HIV.
  
  
  
  Study measurements were obtained in 218 children with perinatal HIV and 180 children without HIV aged 5-9 years in a study conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa. Weight-for-age z-score, height-for-age z-score, frequency and duration of moderate and vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were obtained. These measurements were compared between children with and without HIV.
  
  
  
  Weight-for-age z-score and height-for-age z-score were significantly lower for children with HIV compared with those without HIV. Among children who attended school, fewer children with HIV than children without HIV participated in physical education (41% vs 64%; P = .0003) and organized after-school sports (38% vs 64%; P < .001). The proportion of children in both groups meeting World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity was similar (84% overall); however, girls with HIV spent less time in vigorous physical activity than girls without HIV (420 vs 780 minutes/week; P = .001). This difference remained significant even when girls with a medical condition with the potential to limit physical activity were excluded, and after adjusting for age. Time spent in sedentary behaviors did not differ significantly between the two groups.
  
  
  
  Although children with HIV with well-controlled disease after initiating antiretroviral therapy early in life achieve high levels of physical activity, vigorous physical activity is lower in girls with HIV than in healthy controls. This finding may reflect lower participation in school-based physical education and organized after-school physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiau
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strehlau
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Faeezah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coovadia
authors.affiliation: MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Micklesfield
authors.affiliation: Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Electronic address: sma2@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Arpadi
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents