title: Indirect treatment comparison of belatacept versus tacrolimus from a systematic review of immunosuppressive therapies for kidney transplant patients.
abstract: End-stage renal disease is the final and irreversible stage in chronic kidney disease, leading to patient mortality, unless managed by dialysis or transplantation (the treatment of choice). This study aimed to compare a currently recommended immunosuppressive treatment, tacrolimus, against a newer treatment, belatacept, using indirect treatment comparison (ITC) techniques since no head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tacrolimus against belatacept currently exist.
  
  
  
  ITC was employed to calculate estimates for the relative risks and mean difference of tacrolimus against belatacept. The choice of the Bucher ITC model was driven by the available data and the simple indirect treatment comparison involving three treatments was considered appropriate.
  
  
  
  The results of the indirect analysis showed no significant differences between belatacept and tacrolimus treatments for mortality and graft loss. The acute rejection rate was significantly lower with tacrolimus (Prograf* and Advagraf (*) ) compared with belatacept (0.22 [0.13, 0.39] to 0.44 [0.20, 0.99]).
  
  
  
  The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that tacrolimus is significantly superior to belatacept in terms of acute rejection outcomes but comparable for graft and patient survival. Further research should include a properly designed clinical trial comparing tacrolimus against belatacept directly.
  
  
  
  These include variations in terms of clinical and design differences among the trials, weaknesses in the Bucher method and the lack of long-term clinical trial data with tacrolimus to compare with the recent long-term (7 years) belatacept trial data.
authors.affiliation: a Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd , Chertsey, Surrey , UK ;
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muduma
authors.affiliation: b EcoStat Consulting UK Ltd , Norfolk , UK.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: a Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd , Chertsey, Surrey , UK ;
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: b EcoStat Consulting UK Ltd , Norfolk , UK.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Odeyemi
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069594:Abatacept; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: Belatacept; Bucher method; Indirect treatment comparison; Tacrolimus