title: Methodological support for the further abstraction of and philosophical examination of empirical findings in the context of caring science.
abstract: Phenomena in caring science are often complex and laden with meanings. Empirical research with the aim of capturing lived experiences is one way of revealing the complexity. Sometimes, however, results from empirical research need to be further discussed. One way is to further abstract the result and/or philosophically examine it. This has previously been performed and presented in scientific journals and doctoral theses, contributing to a greater understanding of phenomena in caring science. Although the intentions in many of these publications are laudable, the lack of methodological descriptions as well as a theoretical and systematic foundation can contribute to an ambiguity concerning how the results have emerged during the analysis. The aim of this paper is to describe the methodological support for the further abstraction of and/or philosophical examination of empirical findings. When trying to systematize the support procedures, we have used a reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach. Based on the assumptions in RLR, this article will present methodological support for a theoretical examination that can include two stages. In the first stage, data from several (two or more) empirical results on an essential level are synthesized into a general structure. Sometimes the analysis ends with the general structure, but sometimes there is a need to proceed further. The second stage can then be a philosophical examination, in which the general structure is discussed in relation to a philosophical text, theory, or concept. It is important that the theories are brought in as the final stage after the completion of the analysis. Core dimensions of the described methodological support are, in accordance with RLR, openness, bridling, and reflection. The methodological support cannot be understood as fixed stages, but rather as a guiding light in the search for further meanings.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden; Elisabeth.lindberg@hb.se.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sofia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Österberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulrica
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hörberg
mesh_terms: D004645:Empathy; D036262:Empirical Research; D006801:Humans; D005791:Patient Care; D010684:Philosophy
keywords: Philosophical examination; caring science; methodological support; phenomenology; reflective lifeworld research