title: Analysis of possible genotoxicity of the herbicide flurochloridone and its commercial formulations: Endo III and Fpg alkaline comet assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells.
abstract: Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of flurochloridone (FLC) and its formulations Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®) were evaluated in CHO-K1 cells. Using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, we observed that FLC (15 μg/ml), Twin Pack Gold(®) or Rainbow(®) induced primary DNA damage, increasing the frequency of damaged nucleoids. Vitamin E pretreatment did not modify the effect. Decreased cell viability was observed only in Twin Pack Gold(®)-treated cultures and was significantly ameliorated by vitamin E. Post-treatment of herbicide-damaged CHO-K1 cells with the enzymes Endo III or Fpg did not increase FLC-, Twin Pack Gold(®)-, or Rainbow(®)-induced DNA damage. These results demonstrate that neither FLC nor FLC-based formulations induce DNA damage through hydroxyl radical or lipid alkoxyl radical production, and that the induced DNA lesions were not related to oxidative damage at the purine/pyrimidine level. Our observations strongly suggest that the cytotoxic effects observed after Twin Pack Gold(®) exposure are due to the excipients contained within the technical formulation rather than FLC itself.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soloneski
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikoloff
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: marcelo.larramendy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Larramendy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D014810:Vitamin E; C077976:raiser
keywords: Alkaline endonuclease-modified single-cell gel electrophoresis assay; Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay; Lesion-specific endonucleases; Pyrrolidone herbicides; Vitamin E