title: Evaluation of the in vivo leishmanicidal activity of amphotericin B emulgel: An alternative for the treatment of skin leishmaniasis.
abstract: The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is an infectious disease that can be fatal. The first line of treatment is pentavalent antimonies. However, due to its potential to develop resistance, Amphotericin B (AmB) started to be used as an alternative medicine. Current treatments are limited, a fact that has led to a growing interesting in developing new therapies. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential in vivo of an amphotericin B + oleic acid (OA) emulgel in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an experimental model. Strains of Leishmania major MHOM/IL/80/Friendlin of Leishmania major were used. The animals were inoculated subcutaneously. After the development of leishmanial, nodular or ulcerative lesions, the animals were divided into three groups (control, Group A and Group B) and treated twice a day for twelve days. The weight of the animals was measured and the size of the lesions was observed. A histopathological analysis was performed with skin fragments of lesions and with the spleen of animals treated with different treatments (emulgel, AmB 3% emulgel and AmB 3% plus OA 5% emulgel). It was observed that when subjected to treatment with AmB 3% emulgel during the study period using both formulations, with enhancer and without enhancer, ulcerative lesions regress gradually or even complete cure. The quantification of the average number of parasites recovered from the inoculation site was made after the treatment in each group and the differences were considered significant. The treatment with AmB 3% and OA 5% emulgel had the best in vivo therapeutic response, showing good prospects for cutaneous leishmaniasis therapy as an alternative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil. Electronic address: iluskasmartins@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Iluska Martins
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivana Pereira
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Ernanda Sousa
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Moreira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrezza Braga Soares
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Adjunto do Departamento de Morfologia do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Airton Mendes
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Conde Júnior
authors.affiliation: Associado nível III do Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Aécio Amorim
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luis Menezes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000187:drug effects*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019301:Oleic Acid; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D005782:Gels; D019301:Oleic Acid; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: Leishmaniasis; Oleic acid; Topical use