title: Pathogenicity of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from a wild bird fecal specimen and a chicken in Japan in 2014.
abstract: Poultry outbreaks caused by H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) occurred in Japan between December 2014 and January 2015. During the same period; H5N8 HPAIVs were isolated from wild birds and the environment in Japan. The hemagglutinin (HA) genes of these isolates were found to belong to clade 2.3.4.4 and three sub-groups were distinguishable within this clade. All of the Japanese isolates from poultry outbreaks belonged to the same sub-group; whereas wild bird isolates belonged to the other sub-groups. To examine whether the difference in pathogenicity to chickens between isolates of different HA sub-groups of clade 2.3.4.4 could explain why the Japanese poultry outbreaks were only caused by a particular sub-group; pathogenicities of A/chicken/Miyazaki/7/2014 (Miyazaki2014; sub-group C) and A/duck/Chiba/26-372-48/2014 (Chiba2014; sub-group A) to chickens were compared and it was found that the lethality of Miyazaki2014 in chickens was lower than that of Chiba2014; according to the 50% chicken lethal dose. This indicated that differences in pathogenicity may not explain why the Japanese poultry outbreaks only involved group C isolates.
authors.affiliation: Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856.
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
authors.affiliation: Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856.
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanehira
authors.affiliation: Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsunekuni
authors.affiliation: Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takemae
authors.affiliation: Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856.|United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000071225:Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006388:Hemagglutinins
keywords: H5N8 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza; animal RNA virus; chicken; pathogenicity; wild bird