title: Delivery of dietary triglycerides to Caenorhabditis elegans using lipid nanoparticles: Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems.
abstract: The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful tool for studying food bioactives on specific biochemical pathways. However, many food bioactives are highly hydrophobic with extremely low water-solubilities, thereby making them difficult to study using C. elegans. The purpose of this study was to develop nanoemulsion-based systems to deliver hydrophobic molecules in a form that could be ingested by C. elegans. Optical microscopy showed that oil-in-water nanoemulsions with a range of particle diameters (40-500nm) could be ingested by C. elegans. The amount of lipid ingested depended on the size and concentration of the nanoparticles. Fatty acid analysis showed incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid and there was a significant reduction in the fat levels of C. elegans when they were incubated with nanoemulsions containing conjugated linoleic acid, which suggested that this hydrophobic lipid was successfully delivered to the nematodes. The incorporation of hydrophobic molecules into nanoemulsion based-delivery systems may therefore enable their activities to be studied using C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colmenares
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Quancai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Peiyi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Yiren
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: D Julian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: ypark@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Yeonhwa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: C. elegans; CLA; Caenorhabditis elegans; Conjugated linoleic acid; Delivery systems; Nanoemulsion