title: Preparation of the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites for enhancing antibacterial and water resistance properties of paper.
abstract: An effective method of preparing composites containing inorganic (Ag) and organic (beeswax) particles was established in this study. Ag nanoparticles were first immobilized on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) during the reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of CNC, then mixed with beeswax by high speed stirring. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images indicated that Ag and beeswax particles were uniformly dispersed and stable in the network structure formed by CNC. Upon coating on a paper surface, a layer of beeswax film was evident based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The dynamic contact angle and antibacterial activity tests indicated that the contact angle of coated paper reached 113.06° and the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli increased to 99.96%, respectively, at a coating amount of 21.53 g/m(2). When applied onto paper surface by coating, the CNC/Ag/beeswax composites can impact paper with antibacterial property and improved water resistance.
authors.affiliation: College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3. Electronic address: liuk1103@163.com.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3; The College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Hunan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nasrallah
authors.affiliation: College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Liulian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3.
authors.forename: Yonghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010209:Paper; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014885:Waxes; D014867:Water; C038228:beeswax; D012834:Silver; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Ag nanoparticles; Antibacterial activity; Beeswax; Cellulose nanocrystals; Water resistance