title: Single and 14-day repeated dose inhalation toxicity studies of hexabromocyclododecane in rats.
abstract: Limited toxicological information is available for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD),a widely used additive brominated flame retardant. Inhalation is a major route of human exposure to HBCD. The aim of this study was to determine the acute inhalation toxicity and potential subchronic inhalation toxicity of HBCD in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to HBCD only through inhalation. The acute inhalation toxicity of HBCD was determined using the limit test method on five male and five female Sprague-Dawley rats at a HBCD concentration of 5000 mg/m(3). Repeated-dose toxicity tests were also performed, with 20 males and 20 females randomly assigned to four experimental groups (five rats of each sex in each group). There were three treatment groups (exposed to HBCD concentrations of 125,500, and 2000 mg/m(3)) and a blank control group (exposed to fresh air). In the acute inhalation toxicity study, no significant clinical signs were observed either immediately after exposure or during the recovery period. Gross pathology examination revealed no evidence of organ-specific toxicity in any rat. The inhalation LC50(4 h) for HBCD was higher than 5312 ± 278 mg/m3 for both males and females. In the repeated dose inhalation study, daily head/nose-only exposure to HBCD at 132 ± 8.8, 545.8 ± 35.3, and 2166.0 ± 235.9 mg/m(3) for 14 days caused no adverse effects. No treatment-related clinical signs were observed at any of the test doses. The NOAEL for 14-day repeated dose inhalation toxicity study of HBCD is 2000 mg/m(3).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Naining
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenlian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Guolin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Changlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. TA11 Shuangqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100121, PR China. Electronic address: chenhm@aqsiqch.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane
keywords: Acute inhalation toxicity; Head/nose-only inhalation exposure; Hexabromocyclododecane; Repeated-dose inhalation toxicity