title: Protection ofErwinia amylovorabacteriophage Y2 from UV-induced damage by natural compounds.
abstract: Bacteriophages have regained much attention as biocontrol agents against bacterial pathogens. However, with respect to stability, phages are biomolecules and are therefore sensitive to a number of environmental influences. UV-irradiation can readily inactivate phage infectivity, which impedes their potential application in the plant phyllosphere. Therefore, phages for control ofErwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight, need to be protected from UV-damage by adequate measures. We investigated the protective effect of different light-absorbing substances on phage particles exposed to UV-light. For this, natural extracts from carrot, red pepper, and beetroot, casein and soy peptone in solution, and purified substances such as astaxanthin, aromatic amino acids, and Tween 80 were prepared and tested as natural sunscreens for phage. All compounds were found to significantly increase half-life of UV-irradiated phage particles and they did not negatively affect phage viability or infectivity. Altogether, a range of readily available, natural substances are suitable as UV-protectants to prevent phage particles from UV-light damage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil, Switzerland; Agroscope Wädenswil; Swiss National Competence Center for Fire Blight; Wädenswil, Switzerland; Institute of Food; Nutrition and Health; ETH Zurich; Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Born
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food; Nutrition and Health; ETH Zurich ; Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bosshard
authors.affiliation: Agroscope Wädenswil; Swiss National Competence Center for Fire Blight; Wädenswil, Switzerland; Institute of Natural Resource Sciences; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Brion
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food; Nutrition and Health; ETH Zurich ; Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Loessner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil, Switzerland; Institute of Food; Nutrition and Health; ETH Zurich; Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fieseler
keywords: Erwinia amylovora; UV damage; betalaines; carotenoids; fire blight; phage; stability