title: c21orf59/kurly Controls Both Cilia Motility and Polarization.
abstract: Cilia are microtubule-based projections that function in the movement of extracellular fluid. This requires cilia to be: (1) motile and driven by dynein complexes and (2) correctly polarized on the surface of cells, which requires planar cell polarity (PCP). Few factors that regulate both processes have been discovered. We reveal that C21orf59/Kurly (Kur), a cytoplasmic protein with some enrichment at the base of cilia, is needed for motility; zebrafish mutants exhibit characteristic developmental abnormalities and dynein arm defects. kur was also required for proper cilia polarization in the zebrafish kidney and the larval skin of Xenopus laevis. CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with homologous recombination to disrupt the endogenous kur locus in Xenopus resulted in the asymmetric localization of the PCP protein Prickle2 being lost in mutant multiciliated cells. Kur also makes interactions with other PCP components, including Disheveled. This supports a model wherein Kur plays a dual role in cilia motility and polarization.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schottenfeld-Roames
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Tse-Shuen J
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Sun K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pelliccia
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas F C
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Morante
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: brian-mitchell@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Electronic address: rburdine@princeton.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Burdine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D002465:Cell Movement; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D015870:Gene Expression; D056426:Genetic Loci; D059765:Homologous Recombination; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000606586:DVL1 protein, Xenopus; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; C000607501:Dvl2 protein, zebrafish; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
keywords: Kurly (Kur); c21orf59; cilia; ciliopathy; disheveled; multiciliated cell; planar cell polarity; primary ciliary dyskinesia