title: Direct effects of food cues seen during TV viewing on energy intake in young women.
abstract: Few studies have examined direct effects of food cues presented within television (TV) programs on eating behavior in adults. This research experimentally determined whether exposure to food cues in TV programs affects energy intake during TV viewing among young women, independently from food cues presented in TV advertisements. The experiment involved a 2 (TV program with or without food cues) by 2 (TV advertisements with or without food cues) between-participants design. While watching TV, participants could freely eat peanut chocolate candies and crisps (potato chips). Participants were 121 young women (mean age = 19.6 years; mean BMI = 22.5). Participants who watched a TV program with food cues tended to have a lower total energy intake and ate significantly less peanut chocolate candies than participants who watched the same TV program without food cues. This effect was particularly pronounced among participants with a higher BMI. Food advertisements did not affect energy intake. Findings may indicate that subtle continuous food cues during TV programs could make young females more aware of their own eating and/or weight, leading to reduced intake of particularly sweet snack foods during TV viewing. Considering the non-significant trend for the effect of the TV program with food cues on total energy intake, findings should be replicated to provide possible tools for prevention campaigns using food cue reminders to watch one's intake.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9140, HE Nijmegen, 6500, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.vannee@pwo.ru.nl.
authors.forename: Roselinde L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: van Nee
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9140, HE Nijmegen, 6500, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Junilla K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Center for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Suite 175, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003463:Cues; D004644:Emotions; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D016014:Linear Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062410:Snacks; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Advertisements; Energy intake; Food cues; TV; Women