title: Development of an effective delivery system for intranasal immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 antigen.
abstract: Introduction The early secreted antigenic target 6-kDa protein (ESAT-6) plays an important role in immune protection against Tuberculosis. Owing to its great potential to increase immune response, chitosan can be considered as a suitable biodegradable polymer for intranasal administration. Methods The physiochemical properties of the nanoparticle were measured in vitro. Two weeks after the last intranasal administration, blood samples were collected and specific IgG, IFN-gama, and IL-4 levels were measured by ELISA. Results Chitosan nanoparticles containing ESAT-6 demonstrated stronger ability to induce IFN-gama, IL-4, and IgG antibody level than the control groups. Conclusion Administration of chitosan nanoparticles can be a suitable method to induce more appropriate immune responses against low inherent immunogenic tuberculosis proteins through intranasal routs.
authors.affiliation: a Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.affiliation: b Razi Vaccine and Serum Institute , Karaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tebianian
authors.affiliation: b Razi Vaccine and Serum Institute , Karaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mosavari
authors.affiliation: c Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasihi Ramandi
authors.affiliation: d Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyd Mahmoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: e Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science , Yazd , Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najminejad
authors.affiliation: d Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dabaghian
authors.affiliation: f Department of Immunology , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Meghdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahpour
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C093276:ESAT-6 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; C000611649:IFNG protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Chitosan; ESAT-6; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; cytokines; immune responses