title: Incidence of and risk for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in a representative sample of US Reserve and National Guard.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aim to determine the incidence rates (IR) of first-ever post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a population-based cohort of US Reserve and National Guard service members.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the US Reserve and National Guard Study (n = 2003) to annually investigate incident and recurrent PTSD and depression symptoms from 2010 to 2013. We estimated the IR and recurrence rate over 4 years and according to several sociodemographic and military characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2010 to 2013, IRs were 4.7 per 100 person-years for both PTSD and depression symptoms using the sensitive criteria, 2.9 per 100 person-years using the more specific criteria, recurrence rates for both PTSD and depression were more than 4 times as high as IRs, and IRs were higher among those with past-year civilian trauma, but not past-year deployment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that civilian trauma, but not past-year military deployment, is associated with an increased risk of PTSD and depression incidence suggest that Reserve National Guard psychopathology could be driven by other, nonmilitary, traumatic experiences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY. Electronic address: dsf2130@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Gregory H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Carol S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fullerton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ursano
authors.affiliation: Dean of School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cohort studies; Depression; Incidence; Mental disorders; Military personnel; Post-traumatic; Prospective studies; Psychological; Stress; Stress disorder