title: Direct Analysis of Amphetamine Stimulants in a Whole Urine Sample by Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are among illicit stimulant drugs that are most often used worldwide. A major challenge is to develop a fast and efficient methodology involving minimal sample preparation to analyze ATS in biological fluids. In this study, a urine pool solution containing amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, sibutramine, and fenfluramine at concentrations ranging from 0.5 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL was prepared and analyzed by atmospheric solids analysis probe tandem mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS/MS) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A urine sample and saliva collected from a volunteer contributor (V1) were also analyzed. The limit of detection of the tested compounds ranged between 0.002 and 0.4 ng/mL in urine samples; the signal-to-noise ratio was 5. These results demonstrated that the ASAP-MS/MS methodology is applicable for the fast detection of ATS in urine samples with great sensitivity and specificity, without the need for cleanup, preconcentration, or chromatographic separation. Thus ASAP-MS/MS could potentially be used in clinical and forensic toxicology applications.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Crevelin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Salami
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela N R
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: De Martinis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio E M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Crotti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. luizmoraes@ffclrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Luiz A B
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moraes
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000661:Amphetamine
keywords: ASAP-MS/MS; Ambient mass spectrometry; Amphetamine stimulants; Biological fluid; Forensic toxicology