title: Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis among children in the tertiary eye hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to determine clinical profile and etiological factors for phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (PKC) in our patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the descriptive study, 50 pediatric cases of PKC were enrolled into the study from outpatient department of BP Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies between August 2011 and August 2012. The age, sex, exposure to tuberculosis, ocular symptoms, and systemic complaints were recorded. Morphological description of PKC such as number, type, location and scars HISTORY and number of recurrence was also noted. The conjunctival swab was taken from all patients and sent for microbiological examination. Report of systemic involvement, worm infestation was also noted. Mantoux testing for possibility of tuberculosis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PKC was detected in 59 eyes of 50 children having mean age of 8.0 ± 6.2 years including 54% males, unilateral involvement in 82%, the limbal involvement in 52% and multiple PKC in 34% children. Associated ocular disorder was blepharitis in 12 (24%) children. Conjunctival swab and culture revealed Staphylococcus infection in 10 (20%) children. Of eight recurrent cases, two had urinary tract infection managed with systemic antibiotics, three had parasitic infestation treated with antihelmentics, one had mantoux positive without having evidence of tuberculosis and two cases had blepharitis as a local factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PKC is mostly presented as unilateral disorder of conjunctiva. PKC is associated with blepharitis, Staphylococcus infection, worm infestation and systemic infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, BP Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Pragati
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, BP Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Gauri Shankar
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, BP Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ananda Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Blepharitis; Staphylococcus infection; children; phlyctenular conjunctivitis; steroid; worm infestation