title: Dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Brazil: a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High meat intake and low consumption of vegetables, fruits and whole grains have been associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in some relevant cohort studies conducted in distinct ethnic populations. The role of the dietary pattern on the risk of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SCA) in Brazil is unknown; therefore, it was the aim of the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dietary patterns of 169 patients with SCA and 101 controls were analysed by food frequency recall. Crude odds ratios were calculated and given within 95 % confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients reported higher average intakes of beef (32.0 ± 1.8 versus 23.7 ± 1.6, P = 0.0069), chicken (18.1 ± 0.9 versus 12.2 ± 0.8, P = 0.0002), and pork (8.9 ± 0.9 versus 3.4 ± 0.5, P < 0.0001). These individuals had a 1.025, 1.069, and 1.121-fold increased risk of SCA. Similar consumption of fish, vegetables, fruits and whole grains was reported by patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meat consumption is greater in patients with SCA in the Brazilian population. Considering the study population - characterized by ethnic heterogeneity -, the environmental factor related to food habits may be associated with higher incidence of this disease in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. sandronunesangel@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Sandro Nunes
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Angelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniéla O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Magro
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helvia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Bioscience Institute, Paulista State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes S
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Ayrizono
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fagundes
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio S R
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Coy
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen S P
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D000067348:Whole Grains