title: Considerations on patient-related outcomes with the use of botulinum toxins: is switching products safe?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is the treatment of choice for many neurologic movement disorders, including blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and cervical dystonia. There are two serotypes approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration: three brands of serotype A and one of serotype B. Many attempts have been made at establishing dose conversion ratios between brands and serotypes. This review focuses on the existing data comparing different formulations of the same BoNT serotypes as well as that comparing different serotypes with one another. We focus on existing data regarding switching from one formulation or serotype to another and will also discuss the issue of immunogenicity of BoNT. With this information as a foundation, recommendations on safety of switching agents are addressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review searching PubMed and Google Scholar using the search terms "switching botox", "dosing equivalency in botox", and "comparing botox".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, there are many studies that demonstrate the efficacy and safety of each of the brands of BoNTs used in clinical practice. However, determination of dosing equivalencies among these brands and serotypes is complex with inconsistencies among the studies. When switching from one brand to another, the clinician should be aware of these issues, and not make the assumption that such ratios exist. Tailoring the dosage of each brand of BoNT to the clinical situation is the most prudent treatment strategy rather than focusing closely on conversion factors and concerns for immunogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Avram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraint
authors.affiliation: Section of Movement Disorders, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Padmaja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vittal
authors.affiliation: Section of Movement Disorders, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comella
keywords: BoNT; abobotulinumtoxin A; botulinum toxin; incobotulinumtoxin A; onabotulinumtoxin A; rimabotulinumtoxin B