title: Minimal Access Surgery Educational Needs of Trainees from Africa: Perspectives from an Asian Training Institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The establishment of minimal access surgery (MAS) in the last three decades brought new dimensions to surgical training. The sole role of traditional apprenticeship training model was challenged and adjunctive surgical simulation models were introduced. Knowledge of the trainees' educational needs is important in designing MAS training curriculum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the MAS educational needs of trainees from Africa, review MAS training models and offer recommendations for MAS training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was obtained from questionnaires filled by trainees from Africa who attended the monthly MAS training at the World Laparoscopy Hospital, India from October 2013 to May 2014 about their MAS educational needs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 38 trainees from different parts of Africa (Central, East, North, South and West Africa) with average age of 41.92 ± 8.67 years (minimum-28 years and maximum 63 years) and majority were males (92%). General surgeons constituted 57% while Gynaecologists were 41%. Only a quarter have MAS training integrated in their training curriculum. Box trainers, Animal models, live human surgeries and virtual reality simulation were the commonest models used in previous trainings and favoured in the educational needs for MAS training. Using cadaveric models and self sponsorship were deemphasised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Widespread application of MAS, globalisation and trainees educational needs call for establishing training programmes. Box trainers, animal models, live human surgeries and virtual reality simulators should be adopted and a synergy between Postgraduate surgical programmes, biomedical industry, universities and trainees will facilitate the setting of MAS skills laboratories and programmes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Surgery Department, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mishra