title: 1H NMR and GC-MS based metabolomics reveal nano-Cu altered cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit nutritional supply.
abstract: It is imperative to study the interaction of nanoparticles residuals with crop plants in agricultural soils, due to the increased application of nanotechnology in agriculture. So far, a few studies have focused on the impact of nanoparticles on fruit quality and nutritional supply. In this work, a thorough and comprehensive analysis of metabolite changes of cucumber fruits from plants under nano-Cu stress was possible through the use of both1H NMR and GC-MS. The results of supervised partial least-squares discriminant analysis from both platforms showed that cucumber fruit extracts samples were clearly grouped based on the nano-Cu level in soil. This indicates that the fruit metabolite profile was influenced by exposure to nano-Cu. GC-MS data showed concentrations of some sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids were increased or decreased by nano-Cu. Several metabolites, such as methylnicotinamide (MNA), trigonelline, imidazole, quinolinate were only detected and quantified by1H NMR. Our results showed that combining the two platforms provided a comprehensive understanding about the metabolites (nutrient supply) changes in cucumber fruits impacted by exposure to nano-Cu.
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, United States; University of California, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, CA United States.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, United States.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, United States; University of California, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, CA United States.
authors.forename: Yuxiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, United States; University of California, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, CA United States.
authors.forename: Adeyemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adeleye
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, United States; University of California, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, CA United States.
authors.forename: Cruz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, United States; University of California, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, CA United States. Electronic address: keller@bren.ucsb.edu.
authors.forename: Arturo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009753:Nutritive Value; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012987:Soil; D003300:Copper
keywords: Cucumber; GC–MS; Metabolomics; NMR; Nano-Cu