title: Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Chronic HCV Genotype 1 Infection without Obesity or Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: To investigate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and its association with clinical parameters in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 without obesity or type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  One hundred and twenty-seven HCV-infected patients admitted to the Nutrition and Hepatology Clinic were included. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, and Poisson regression analysis.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of IR (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]-IR ≥ 3.0) was 37.0%. The independent predictors for IR included the following: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1.5 times the upper normal limit (odds ratio [PR] = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.16-3.66; PR = 2.32, 95% CI, 1.26-4.49, respectively); gamma glutamyl transferase (γGT) ≥ 85 U/L (PR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.12-4.12); increased waist circumference (PR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.25-4.17); increased waist : hip ratio (PR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.11-5.17); increased body fat percentage (PR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.01-5.79); overweight (PR = 2.54, 95% CI, 1.40-4.82); and metabolic syndrome (PR = 3.05, 95% CI, 1.69-5.44). High ALT levels and anthropometric parameters remained in the model of multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  
  Our findings showed a significantly high prevalence of insulin resistance in nondiabetic, nonobese patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. High ALT levels and anthropometric parameters were significantly associated with IR after multivariate regression analysis. Our data show the importance of monitoring IR, weight, and body composition in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Nutritional management seems to be important in the control of comorbidities related to excess weight and the enhancement of therapeutic responses.
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Science Department.|b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.
authors.forename: Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Science Department.|b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.
authors.forename: Rosangela Passos
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.affiliation: b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.
authors.forename: Ramona Souza Silva Baqueiro
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Boulhosa
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition Science Department.|b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onofre
authors.affiliation: b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.|c University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos.
authors.forename: Carlos Mauricio Cardeal
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: d Core Treatment and Obesity Surgery , Bahia.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vinhas
authors.affiliation: g Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BRAZIL; Departamento de Gastroenterologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , BRAZIL.
authors.forename: Dan Linetzky
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Waitzberg
authors.affiliation: b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.|e Laboratory of Immunology, Health Science Institute.
authors.forename: Denise Carneiro
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.affiliation: h Gastro-hepatology Unit, Hospital São Rafael , Salvador , BRAZIL.
authors.forename: Lourianne N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.|f Department of Medicine , Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.|h Gastro-hepatology Unit, Hospital São Rafael , Salvador , BRAZIL.
authors.forename: Andre Castro
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.affiliation: b Member of Group of Study of the Liver.|f Department of Medicine , Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.|h Gastro-hepatology Unit, Hospital São Rafael , Salvador , BRAZIL.
authors.forename: Luiz Guilherme C
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lyra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome; D008875:Middle Aged; D044623:Nutrition Therapy; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: chronic hepatitis C; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; overweight