title: No influence of sugar, snacks and fast food intake on the degree of obesity or treatment effect in childhood obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased consumption of sweetened beverages has previously been linked to the degree of childhood obesity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess whether the intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks or fast food at baseline in a multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment program was associated with the baseline degree of obesity or the treatment effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 1349 overweight and obese children (body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) ≥ 1.64) enrolled in treatment at The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek. The children were evaluated at baseline and after up to 5.9 years of treatment (median 1.3 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both boys and girls decreased their BMI SDS during treatment with a mean decrease in boys of 0.35 (p < 0.0001) and in girls of 0.22 (p < 0.0001) after 1 year of treatment. There were no associations between the baseline intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks, and/or fast food and BMI SDS at baseline or the change in BMI SDS during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intake of sweetened beverages, candy, snacks or fast food when entering a childhood obesity treatment program was not associated with the degree of obesity at baseline or the degree of weight loss during treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.|The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trier
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.|The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fonvig
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bøjsøe
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mollerup
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamborg
authors.affiliation: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.|The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Holm
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062410:Snacks
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: beverages; obesity; paediatric; sugar; treatment