title: Advances in the Management of Anal Cancer.
abstract: Although anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon malignancy, its incidence has been increasing markedly in recent decades due to its association with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. The well-established standard of care for localized ASCC consists of the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and mitomycin (MMC) chemotherapy, concurrent with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). However, newer techniques are being actively pursued, including the use of newer radiation therapy (RT) technologies, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The areas of debate and development include the dosing and timing of MMC delivery, the role of cisplatin chemotherapy as an alternative to MMC, the replacement of the standard 96-h infusion of 5FU with oral capecitabine, the use of targeted chemotherapy agents, and the duration and dose of RT.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. diana.r.julie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Diana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Julie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1665 Aurora Court, Suite 1032 MS F706, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. karyn.goodman@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Karyn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D000069287:Capecitabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D060828:Induction Chemotherapy; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D016685:Mitomycin; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D016685:Mitomycin; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: Anal cancer; Definitive chemoradiation; Human papilloma virus; Intensity-modulated radiotherapy; Squamous cell carcinoma