title: Y chromosome haplotype diversity in Mongolic-speaking populations and gene conversion at the duplicated STR DYS385a,b in haplogroup C3-M407.
abstract: Y chromosome microsatellite (Y-STR) diversity has been studied in different Mongolic-speaking populations from South Siberia, Mongolia, North-East China and East Europe. The results obtained indicate that the Mongolic-speaking populations clustered into two groups, with one group including populations from eastern part of South Siberia and Central Asia (the Buryats, Barghuts and Khamnigans) and the other group including populations from western part of Central Asia and East Europe (the Mongols and Kalmyks). High frequency of haplogroup C3-M407 (>50%) is present in the Buryats, Barghuts and Khamnigans, whereas in the Mongols and Kalmyks its frequency is much lower. In addition, two allelic combinations in DYS385a,b loci of C3-M407 haplotypes have been observed: the combination 11,18 (as well as 11,17 and 11,19) is frequent in different Mongolic-speaking populations, but the 11,11 branch is present mainly in the Kalmyks and Mongols. Results of locus-specific sequencing suggest that the action of gene conversion is a more likely explanation for origin of homoallelic 11,11 combination. Moreover, analysis of median networks of Y-STR haplotypes demonstrates that at least two gene conversion events can be revealed-one of them has probably occurred among the Mongols, and the other event occurred in the Barghuts. These two events give an average gene conversion rate range of 0.24-7.1 × 10(-3) per generation.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Malyarchuk
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derenko
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denisova
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rogalla
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dambueva
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005785:Gene Conversion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056426:Genetic Loci; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009154:Mutation; D012426:Russia