title: ACE Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Associated with Caries in Permanent but Not Primary Dentition in Czech Children.
abstract: Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious disease where genetic predisposition plays an important role. Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has very recently been associated with caries in Polish children. The aim of this study was to analyze ACE I/D polymorphism in a group of caries-free children versus subjects affected by dental caries in the Czech population.
  
  
  
  In this case-control study, 182 caries-free children (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, DMFT = 0), 561 subjects with dental caries (DMFT ≥1) aged 13-15 years and 220 children aged 2-6 years with early childhood caries (ECC, dmft ≥1) were included. Genotype determination of ACE I/D polymorphism in intron 16 was based on the TaqMan method.
  
  
  
  Although no significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies between the caries-free children and those affected by dental caries were observed, statistically significant differences between the children with DMFT = 0 and the subgroup of 179 patients with high caries experience (DMFT ≥4; p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were detected. The comparison of DD versus II+ID genotype frequencies between the patients with DMFT ≥1 or DMFT ≥4 and healthy children also showed significant differences (31.5% or 35.6% vs. 23.6%, p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively). A gender-based analysis identified a significant difference in the DD versus II+ID genotype frequencies only in girls (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant association of ACE I/D polymorphism with ECC in young children was found (p > 0.05).
  
  
  
  ACE I/D polymorphism may be associated with caries in permanent but not primary dentition, especially in girls in the Czech population.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Stomatology, Institutions Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borilova Linhartova
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kastovsky
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartosova
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Musilova
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zackova
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukletova
authors.forename: Lubomir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kukla
authors.forename: Lydie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Izakovicova Holla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012737:Sex Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A