title: Drug resistance pattern of mycobacterial isolates in HIV and non-HIV population in South India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergence of drug resistance has complicated the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). WHO reports India to be one among 27 "high burden" multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To diagnose TB and detect drug resistance of mycobacterial isolates in acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear negative HIV reactive patients (Group A) and compare them with HIV seropositive AFB smear positive (Group B) and HIV-seronegative AFB positive cases (Group C).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical specimens collected in all groups were processed as per the standard protocol except blood, which was processed by lysis centrifugation technique. They were then inoculated with Lowenstein-Jensen media and the isolates obtained were subjected to drug susceptibility test (DST) by proportion method and genotype MTBDR plus assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group A, 162 patients were included. Of the 443 clinical samples collected, 76 mycobacterial strains were obtained from 67 (41%) patients. Of these, 50 (65.8%) were sensitive to all drugs and 26 (34.2%) resistant to one or more anti-tubercular drugs. Antibiogram of Group A when compared with Group B and C showed that the MDR rate 6.6%, 6.7% and 8% respectively) did not differ much; but resistance to at least single drug was (26 [34.2%], 3 [10%], and 8 [16%]), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that HIV has no influence on the anti-tubercular resistance pattern, but increased MDR rate along with HIV in high TB burden setting stresses the need for early diagnosis and DST in providing proper regimens and improve prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Umamaheshwari
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shivaswamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sumana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Neelambike
keywords: Drug-resistant tuberculosis; HIV; genotype MTBDR; proportion method