title: Co-Existence of Thyroid Nodule and Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Single-Center Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, there is an inadequate number of studies on nodule and malignancy development in children and adolescents with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who were diagnosed with HT between 2004 and 2013 were included in the study. The HT diagnosis was made with a heterogeneous appearance on thyroid ultrasonography and the elevation of antithyroid peroxidase and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed in cases with a nodule size >1 cm or who had ultrasonography findings indicating malignancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 39 (13%) thyroid nodules were detected in 300 patients with a diagnosis of HT. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 2 of the 12 cases in whom FNAB was performed. The thyroid nodule was detected at the same time as HT in the 2 cases with malignancy. The PTC diagnosis was made 2 years after the HT diagnosis in the first case and 3 years later in the second case. The largest diameter of the thyroid nodule was 5 mm in both cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thyroid nodule rate on an HT background was found to be 13%, and the thyroid malignancy rate was 0.67% in our study.
authors.forename: Meliksah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savas-Erdeve
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aycan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin