title: Iatrogenic Phenol Injury Causing Facial Paralysis With Tympanic Membrane and Ossicular Necrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a serious iatrogenic injury and propose means of reducing the risk of its reoccurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 21-year-old man who suffered facial paralysis, complete necrosis of the tympanic membrane, and ossicular discontinuity because of chemical burn from accidental application of copious amounts of topical anesthetic phenol into the ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conservative management of facial paralysis and delayed reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gradual recovery to grade 1/6 facial function, successful repair of the tympanic membrane, but persistent 30-dB conductive hearing loss after partial ossicular replacement prosthesis presumably because of scarring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phenol is a highly toxic chemical, topically to both skin and eyes. Absorbed through the skin it can have lethal cardiotoxicity. It is also potent neurotoxin at concentrations much lower (4-7%) than used for tympanic membrane anesthesia (89%) and has long been used therapeutically to destroy nerves in patients of contractions or intractable pain. Otologists need to have a healthy respect for the dangers of using phenol. As only a minute quantity is needed for tympanic anesthesia, commercially available prepackaged applicators are preferred. Storage of stock bottles of 89% phenol solutions in clinical settings risks injury to both patients and practitioners.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California †Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Santa Maria
authors.forename: Carleton Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: Alexander Barry Gale
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sevy
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jackler
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000139:chemically induced; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D019800:Phenol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D019800:Phenol