title: Non-invasive respiratory support for infants in low- and middle-income countries.
abstract: The overwhelming majority of neonatal deaths worldwide occur in low- and middle-income countries. Most of these deaths are attributable to respiratory illnesses and complications of preterm birth. The available data suggest that non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a safe and cost-effective therapy to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in these settings. Bubble CPAP compared to mechanical ventilator-generated CPAP reduces the need for subsequent invasive ventilation in newborn infants. There are limited data on the safety and efficacy of high-flow nasal cannulae in low- and middle-income countries, requiring further study prior to widespread implementation.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: jensene@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Erik A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Aasma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zulfiqar A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Bhutta
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neonatal Trials Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Haresh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirpalani
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Continuous positive airway pressure; High-flow nasal cannula; Low- and middle-income; Low-resource; Respiratory distress syndrome