title: Factors associated with usage of antimicrobials in commercial mink (Neovison vison) production in Denmark.
abstract: The American mink (Neovison vison) is used for commercial fur production in Denmark. In recent years, antimicrobial prescription for Danish mink has been increasing. In this study, the patterns and trends in antimicrobial use in mink were described and a multi-variable variance analysis was carried out with the objective of identifying risk factors for antimicrobial use on herd level. The study was based on register data for 2007-2012. Information on antimicrobial use was obtained from the national database VetStat, monitoring all medicinal products used for animals on prescription level. Data on microbiological feed quality was obtained from the Voluntary Feed Control under the Mink producers Organization, and data on herd size and the relation between farm and feed producer was obtained from the registers at Kopenhagen Fur, based on yearly reporting from the mink producers. Descriptive analysis showed a clear significant effect of season on antimicrobial use, with a peak in "treatment proportions", TP (defined daily doses per kg biomass-days) in May, around the time of whelping, and a high level in the following months. In autumn, a minor peak in antimicrobial use occurred throughout the study period. From 2007 to 2011, a 102% increase in annual antimicrobial TP was noted; on herd level, the increase was associated with an increasing frequency of prescription, and a decrease in the amounts prescribed in months with prescription. A binomial model showed that on herd level, the annual number of months with antimicrobial prescription was significantly (p<0.01) affected by feed producer, veterinarian, disease (specific laboratory diagnosis) infection, herd size and year, with an interaction between feed producer and year. A log-normal model showed that in months with antimicrobial use, the TP on herd level was significantly (p<0.001) affected by year, month (season), feed producer, feed quality score, veterinarian, herd size and laboratory confirmed diagnosis of specific infections; additionally the interaction terms year×feed producer and herd size×month were significant (p<0.001). In conclusion, antimicrobial use on herd level was significantly associated with the microbiological food quality, the feed producer, and the veterinarian. The prescription patterns varied significantly between veterinarians, and some veterinarians were associated with both larger and more frequent prescriptions of antimicrobials at herd level. Herd size is associated with different prescription patterns. Finally, infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, astrovirus, influenza virus and Salmonella spp. was associated with an increase in antimicrobial use.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, Frederiksberg C, DK-1870, Denmark. Electronic address: vfje@vet.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Statistics and Data Analysis, DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Building 324, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: Kopenhagen Fur, Langagervej 74, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Struve
authors.affiliation: Kopenhagen Fur, Langagervej 74, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, Frederiksberg C, DK-1870, Denmark. Electronic address: march@vet.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chriél
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018533:Biomass; D003132:Commerce; D003718:Denmark; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008907:Mink; D012307:Risk Factors; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Antimicrobials; Feed quality; Mink; Risk factor