title: The meaning of seasonal changes, nature, and animals for adolescent girls' wellbeing in northern Finland: A qualitative descriptive study.
abstract: Wellbeing is complex, holistic, and subjectively perceived. Issues such as gender, age, and environment seem to affect it. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative study was to describe the meaning of seasonal changes, nature, and animals towards 13-16-year-old girls' wellbeing in Northern Finland. In the spring of 2014, through purposive sampling, a total of 19 girls participated in semi-structured interviews from various parts of Northern Finland. The data were analysed using content analysis. Afterwards, the analysis combining the category participatory involvement with environment was found, and this consisted of three main categories: adaptation to seasonal changes, restorative nature, and empowering interactivity with animals. Seasonal changes had an effect on girls' wellbeing; in the summertime, they felt happy and vivacious, active, and outgoing. Instead, during the winter months, girls' mood and activity seemed to be lower and they felt lazier and depressed. Nature brought mainly positive feelings to girls; being in nature was experienced as liberating and relaxing, and it offered opportunities to relax and have sensory perceptions. Interaction with animals was perceived as empowering. They were experienced as altruistic and comforting companions. Animals were important to girls, and they contributed to girls' lives through positive effects towards their mental and physical wellbeing. Based on the results of this study, we can recommend that being in nature and interacting with animals should be supported because they seem to have benefits towards adolescent girls' health and wellbeing. In order to facilitate the negative effects of winter, the school days should be arranged in such a way that it would be possible for girls to have outdoor activities during the daytime. The challenge for the future is perhaps the purposeful utilisation of nature's and the animals' positive effects towards their wellbeing.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; varpu.wiens@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Varpu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wiens
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Helvi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kyngäs
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pölkki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008603:Mental Health; D019368:Nature; D057805:Pets / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012621:Seasons
keywords: Northern Finland; Wellbeing; adolescents; gender; girls; nature and animals; seasonal changes