title: Long-term survival with Cardiac Contractility Modulation in patients with NYHA II or III symptoms and normal QRS duration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) is a treatment for heart failure based on electrical signals applied during the absolute refractory period. CCM improves myocardial molecular and biochemical characteristics of heart failure and improves exercise tolerance and quality of life. However, the long term impact on survival has not been described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival was determined retrospectively from a cohort of 68 consecutive heart failure cases with NYHA II or III symptoms and QRS duration ≤130ms, implanted with a CCM device between May 2002 and July 2013 in either Bochum or Ludenscheid, Germany. Results were compared with predicted survival (Seattle Heart Failure Model; SHFM) pre-implant for each patient. Mean follow-up was 4.5years (range 0.25-10.3years). Baseline characteristics were as follows: mean age 61years, 88% male, 68% with ischemic heart disease, 78% with an ICD, mean NYHA class 2.9±0.3, LVEF 26%±6% (range 15-40%) and mean QRS duration 106±11ms. Mortality rates (Kaplan-Meier analysis) at 1-, 2- and 5-years were lower with CCM than predicted by SHFM for the cohort (0% with CCM vs. 6.1% per SHFM, 3.5% vs. 11.8%, and 14.2% vs. 27.7%, respectively, p=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term mortality rates in heart failure patients with NYHA (II-III) and QRS≤130ms are lower when treated by CCM than predicted for the cohort. These findings warrant substantiation in a prospective study.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Cardiology and Angiology, Klinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: kloppe@web.de.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kloppe
authors.affiliation: Dept of Cardiology and Angiology, Klinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lawo
authors.affiliation: Dept of Cardiology and Angiology, Klinikum Luedenscheid, Luedenscheid, Germany.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mijic
authors.affiliation: Dept of Cardiology and Angiology, Klinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schiedat
authors.affiliation: Dept of Cardiology and Angiology, Klinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muegge
authors.affiliation: Dept of Cardiology and Angiology, Klinikum Luedenscheid, Luedenscheid, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lemke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
keywords: CCM; Cardiac Contractility Modulation; Event-free survival; Heart failure; Mortality