title: The Glasgow Prognostic Score Predicts Response to Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women worldwide. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), a cumulative prognostic score based on C-reactive protein and albumin, indicates the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. The GPS has been adopted as a powerful prognostic tool for patients with various types of malignant tumors, including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the GPS in predicting the response and toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with metastatic breast cancers in a progressive stage for consideration of chemotherapy were eligible. The clinical characteristics and demographics were recorded. The GPS was calculated before the onset of chemotherapy. Data on the response to chemotherapy and progression-free survival (PFS) were also collected. Objective tumor responses were evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Toxicities were graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTC) version 3.0 throughout therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 106 breast cancer patients were recruited. The GPS was associated with the response rate (p = 0.05), the clinical benefit rate (p = 0.03), and PFS (p = 0.005). The GPS was the only independent predictor of PFS (p = 0.005). The GPS was significantly associated with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and mucositis (p = 0.05-0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that GPS assessment is associated with poor clinical outcomes and severe chemotherapy-related toxicities in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have undergone chemotherapy, without any specific indication regarding the type of chemotherapy applied.
authors.forename: Dexing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Zhiquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuzhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents