title: Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption Point Prevalence Survey 2014: Antimicrobial Prescribing in Pediatrics Wards of 16 Iranian Hospitals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in pediatrics. Due to lack of uniformity in pediatric antimicrobial prescribing and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, appropriate drug utilization studies have been found to be crucial to evaluate whether these drugs are properly used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected between January 2014 and February 2014 in 16 Iranian pediatric hospitals using a standardized method. The point prevalence survey included all inpatient beds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 858 children, 571 (66.6%) received one or more antimicrobials. The indications were therapeutic in 60.6%. The parenteral route was used in 92.5% of therapeutic indications. Ceftriaxone was the most prescribed antimicrobials for therapeutic indications (32.4%) and combination-therapy was the most type of therapy in pediatric intelligent care unit (PICU).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to results of this study, antibiotics' prescribing in pediatrics wards of Iranian hospitals is empirical. Therefore, for quality improvement of antimicrobial use in children continuous audit process and antibiotic prescriptions require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahimzad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. Zahra.eydian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Eydian
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aliasghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sayyahfar
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis and Pediatrics Infectious Disease Research Center, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Manijeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahbazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aliakbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahbarimanesh
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sedighi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arjmand
authors.affiliation: Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanaei Dashti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abdinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mostafavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Abuzar Children Medical Center Hospital, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nikfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Masomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abedini
authors.affiliation: Antimicrobial Resistant Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Sadegh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Houman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashemian
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hidari
authors.affiliation: Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Keyghobad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghadiri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Entezari Heravi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone