title: A randomized trial of high-dairy-protein, variable-carbohydrate diets and exercise on body composition in adults with obesity.
abstract: This study determined the effects of 16-week high-dairy-protein, variable-carbohydrate (CHO) diets and exercise training (EXT) on body composition in men and women with overweight/obesity.
  
  
  
  One hundred and eleven participants (age 47 ± 6 years, body mass 90.9 ± 11.7 kg, BMI 33 ± 4 kg/m(2) , values mean ± SD) were randomly stratified to diets with either: high dairy protein, moderate CHO (40% CHO: 30% protein: 30% fat; ∼4 dairy servings); high dairy protein, high CHO (55%: 30%: 15%; ∼4 dairy servings); or control (55%: 15%: 30%; ∼1 dairy serving). Energy restriction (500 kcal/day) was achieved through diet (∼250 kcal/day) and EXT (∼250 kcal/day). Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before, midway, and upon completion of the intervention.
  
  
  
  Eighty-nine (25 M/64 F) of 115 participants completed the 16-week intervention, losing 7.7 ± 3.2 kg fat mass (P < 0.001) and gaining 0.50 ± 1.75 kg lean mass (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the changes in body composition (fat mass or lean mass) between groups.
  
  
  
  Compared to a healthy control diet, energy-restricted high-protein diets containing different proportions of fat and CHO confer no advantage to weight loss or change in body composition in the presence of an appropriate exercise stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Evelyn B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.affiliation: Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Vernon G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cato
authors.affiliation: Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.|Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hawley
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003611:Dairy Products; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins