title: Low-Temperature Growth of Two-Dimensional Layered Chalcogenide Crystals on Liquid.
abstract: The growth of high-quality two-dimensional (2D) layered chalcogenide crystals is highly important for practical applications in future electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics. Current route for the synthesis of 2D chalcogenide crystals by vapor deposition method mainly involves an energy intensive high-temperature growth process on solid substrates, often suffering from inhomogeneous nucleation density and grain size distribution. Here, we first demonstrate a facile vapor-phase synthesis of large-area high-quality 2D layered chalcogenide crystals on liquid metal surface with relatively low surface energy at a growth temperature as low as ∼100 °C. Uniform and large-domain-sized 2D crystals of GaSe and GaxIn1-xSe were grown on liquid metal surface even supported on a polyimide film. As-grown 2D GaSe crystals have been fabricated to flexible photodetectors, showing high photoresponse and excellent flexibility. Our strategy of energy-sustainable low-temperature growth on liquid metal surface may open a route to the synthesis of high-quality 2D crystals of Ga-, In-, Bi-, Hg-, Pb-, or Sn-based chalcogenides and halides.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Yubing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Xibiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Chuanhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Zhongfan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D018011:Chalcogens / Q000737:chemistry; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D005708:Gallium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D018011:Chalcogens; C517764:gallium selenide; D005708:Gallium; D012643:Selenium
keywords: layered chalcogenides; liquid metal; low-temperature growth