title: Silicon-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Promoted Bone Formation on Titanium Implants.
abstract: While titanium (Ti) implants have been extensively used in orthopaedic and dental applications, the intrinsic bioinertness of untreated Ti surface usually results in insufficient osseointegration irrespective of the excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties of it. In this study, we prepared surface modified Ti substrates in which silicon (Si) was doped into the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes on Ti surface using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology. Compared to TiO₂ nanotubes and Ti alone, Si-doped TiO₂ nanotubes significantly enhanced the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation, including Col-I, ALP, Runx2, OCN, and OPN, in mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and deposition of mineral matrix. In vivo, the pull-out mechanical tests after two weeks of implantation in rat femur showed that Si-doped TiO₂ nanotubes improved implant fixation strength by 18% and 54% compared to TiO₂-NT and Ti implants, respectively. Together, findings from this study indicate that Si-doped TiO₂ nanotubes promoted the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic cells and improved bone-Ti integration. Therefore, they may have considerable potential for the bioactive surface modification of Ti implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou 215006, China. zhaoxijiangruilet@aliyun.com.|Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Wuxi 214062, China. zhaoxijiangruilet@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xijiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou 215006, China. wtfamily@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Rd, Shanghai 200050, China. qianshi@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Rd, Shanghai 200050, China. xyliu@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou 215006, China. sun_junying@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou 215006, China. binli@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002460:Cell Line; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D012828:Silicones; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; C009495:titanium dioxide; D003094:Collagen; D014025:Titanium
keywords: MC3T3-E1 cells; osseointegration; osteogenic differentiation; silicon doping; titanium; titanium dioxide nanotubes