title: Adaptive responses to osmotic stress in kidney-derived cell lines from Scatophagus argus, a euryhaline fish.
abstract: The euryhaline fish, the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus), is exceptional for its ability to tolerate rapid fluctuations in salinity. To better understand fish osmoregulation and enable more precise analyses of specific features of adaptive responses to the osmotic stress in fish, a S. argus kidney-derived cell line (SK) was developed and subcultured for more than 70 passages. The cells were mostly fibroblast-like, with a normal diploid karyotype (2n=48). A low-osmolarity-adapted SK cell line (SK-la) was induced by growth in a hypotonic solution (150 mOsm). Effects of different osmotic stresses (150, 300 and 450 mOsm) on cell growth, cell morphology, cell volume changes and cell damage in SK, SK-la and CIK (a kidney-derived cell line from freshwater grass carp) cells were studied. These were compared by use of microscopic observation, flow cytometry and a Na-K-ATPase (NKA) assay. SK cells became smaller and grew rapidly in response to hypotonic stress (150 mOsm), and exhibited no visible morphological changes in response to hypertonic stress (450 mOsm). SK-la grew well by moderate hypertonicity (300 mOsm) but depressed in severe hypertonicity (450 mOsm), the number of unhealthy SK-la cells rose as osmolarity increased. In contrast, CIK cells became unhealthy with anisotonic challenge. The NKA activities of SK and CIK cells were assayed after exposure to anisotonic conditions, and rapid decreases were detected immediately except SK cells which were not affected in hypotonicity. Unlike in SK and CIK, an increase following a down-regulation of NKA activity was observed in SK-la cells upon moderate hypertonic stress. These results suggested that SK and SK-la cells had stronger osmoregulatory capacity than CIK cells, and provided new insights on the osmosensing and osmotic adaption in euryhaline fish kidney.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Lang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Maoliang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China. Electronic address: jb-zhang@shou.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Junbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002681:China; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D059785:Karyotype; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D064587:Osmoregulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D054712:Salinity; D012623:Seawater; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
keywords: Cell volume regulation; Hypotonicity adaptation; Kidney-derived cell line; Na-K-ATPase activity; Osmoregulation; Scatophagus argus