title: Multiple ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Types Carrying Quinolone and Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes Circulating in Companion and Domestic Farm Animals in Mwanza, Tanzania, Harbor Commonly Occurring Plasmids.
abstract: The increased presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in humans, animals, and their surrounding environments is of global concern. Currently there is limited information on ESBL presence in rural farming communities worldwide. We performed a cross-sectional study in Mwanza, Tanzania, involving 600 companion and domestic farm animals between August/September 2014. Rectal swab/cloaca specimens were processed to identify ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. We detected 130 (21.7%) animals carrying ESBL-producing bacteria, the highest carriage being among dogs and pigs [39.2% (51/130) and 33.1% (43/130), respectively]. The majority of isolates were Escherichia coli [93.3% (125/134)] and exotic breed type [OR (95%CI) = 2.372 (1.460-3.854), p-value < 0.001] was found to be a predictor of ESBL carriage among animals. Whole-genome sequences of 25 ESBL-producing E. coli were analyzed for phylogenetic relationships using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and core genome comparisons. Fourteen different sequence types were detected of which ST617 (7/25), ST2852 (3/25), ST1303 (3/25) were the most abundant. All isolates harbored the bla CTX-M-15 allele, 22/25 carried strA and strB, 12/25 aac(6')-lb-cr, and 11/25 qnrS1. Antibiotic resistance was associated with IncF, IncY, as well as non-typable plasmids. Eleven isolates carried pPGRT46-related plasmids, previously reported from isolates in Nigeria. Five isolates had plasmids exhibiting 85-99% homology to pCA28, previously detected in isolates from the US. Our findings indicate a pan-species distribution of ESBL-producing E. coli clonal groups in farming communities and provide evidence for plasmids harboring antibiotic resistances of regional and international impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-LangenGiessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falgenhauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Nabina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Mariam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mirambo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-LangenGiessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Imirzalioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Mecky
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matee
authors.affiliation: Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rweyemamu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-LangenGiessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Trinad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mshana
keywords: ESBL; Mwanza; Tanzania; companion animals; domestic farm animals; farming communities