title: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Repeated Exposure to Cruciferous Allyl Nitrile in Sensitizer-Induced Ear Edema in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin sensitizers induce allergic reactions through the induction of reactive oxygen species. Allyl nitrile from cruciferous vegetables has been reported to induce antioxidants and phase II detoxification enzymes in various tissues. We assessed the effects of repeated exposure to allyl nitrile on sensitizer-induced allergic reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were dosed with allyl nitrile (0-200 µmol/kg), and then received a dermal application of 1 of 3 sensitizers on the left ear or 1 of 2 vehicles on the right ear. Quantitative assessment of edema was carried out by measuring the difference in weight between the portions taken from the right and left ears. We tested enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in ears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated exposure to allyl nitrile reduced edemas induced by glutaraldehyde and by 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), but not by formaldehyde. The repeated exposure decreased levels of TBARS, a marker of oxidative stress, induced by glutaraldehyde and by DNCB, but not by formaldehyde. Allyl nitrile elevated SOD levels for the 3 sensitizers, and CAT levels for formaldehyde and DNCB. Allyl nitrile also increased GPx levels for formaldehyde and DNCB, but not for glutaraldehyde. The reduced edemas were associated with changes in oxidative stress levels and antioxidant enzymes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated exposure to allyl nitrile reduced allergic reactions induced by glutaraldehyde and by DNCB, but not by formaldehyde. This reduction was associated with changes in ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanii
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugitani
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saijoh
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004423:Ear; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009570:Nitriles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase