title: Influence of Interleukin-1 Beta on Platelet-Poor Plasma Clot Formation: A Potential Impact on Early Bone Healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hematoma quality (especially the fibrin matrix) plays an important role in the bone healing process. Here, we investigated the effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) on fibrin clot formation from platelet-poor plasma (PPP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-milliliter of rat whole-blood samples were collected from the hepatic portal vein. All blood samples were firstly standardized via a thrombelastograph (TEG), blood cell count, and the measurement of fibrinogen concentration. PPP was prepared by collecting the top two-fifths of the plasma after centrifugation under 400 × g for 10 min at 20°C. The effects of IL-1β cytokines on artificial fibrin clot formation from PPP solutions were determined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CM), turbidity, and clot lysis assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lag time for protofibril formation was markedly shortened in the IL-1β treatment groups (243.8 ± 76.85 in the 50 pg/mL of IL-1β and 97.5 ± 19.36 in the 500 pg/mL of IL-1β) compared to the control group without IL-1β (543.8 ± 205.8). Maximal turbidity was observed in the control group. IL-1β (500 pg/mL) treatment significantly decreased fiber diameters resulting in smaller pore sizes and increased density of the fibrin clot structure formed from PPP (P < 0.05). The clot lysis assay revealed that 500 pg/mL IL-1β induced a lower susceptibility to dissolution due to the formation of thinner and denser fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1β can significantly influence PPP fibrin clot structure, which may affect the early bone healing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.|Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Masci
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006406:Hematoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: C000594089:IL1B protein, rat; D053583:Interleukin-1beta