title: Progression from selective to general involvement of hippocampal subfields in schizophrenia.
abstract: Volume deficits of the hippocampus in schizophrenia have been consistently reported. However, the hippocampus is anatomically heterogeneous; it remains unclear whether certain portions of the hippocampus are affected more than others in schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to determine whether volume deficits in schizophrenia are confined to specific subfields of the hippocampus and to measure the subfield volume trajectories over the course of the illness. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from Data set 1: 155 patients with schizophrenia (mean duration of illness of 7 years) and 79 healthy controls, and Data set 2: an independent cohort of 46 schizophrenia patients (mean duration of illness of 18 years) and 46 healthy controls. In addition, follow-up scans were collected for a subset of Data set 1. A novel, automated method based on an atlas constructed from ultra-high resolution, post-mortem hippocampal tissue was used to label seven hippocampal subfields. Significant cross-sectional volume deficits in the CA1, but not of the other subfields, were found in the schizophrenia patients of Data set 1. However, diffuse cross-sectional volume deficits across all subfields were found in the more chronic and ill schizophrenia patients of Data set 2. Consistent with this pattern, the longitudinal analysis of Data set 1 revealed progressive illness-related volume loss (~2-6% per year) that extended beyond CA1 to all of the other subfields. This decline in volume correlated with symptomatic worsening. Overall, these findings provide converging evidence for early atrophy of CA1 in schizophrenia, with extension to other hippocampal subfields and accompanying clinical sequelae over time.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.|Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Spain.|AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Sum
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kuswanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Sitoh
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roffman
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.|Department of General Psychiatry, General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*