title: Organic acid component from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz alleviates inflammatory injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute tracheobronchitis of ICR mice through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
abstract: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute tracheobronchitis. Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz (TMHM) is a dietic herb for heat-clearing and detoxifying functions as well as swell-reducing and mass-resolving effect in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Studies have shown that its major ingredient organic acid component (OAC) possesses favorable anti-inflammatory activity. However, the protective effect of OAC from TMHM (TMHM-OAC) on inflammatory injury of acute tracheobronchitis and its possible mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, HPLC-DAD was used to analyze the components of TMHM-OAC. Lipopolysaccharide of 1mg/ml was used to induce respiratory inflammation in ICR mice at the dose of 5mg/kg by intratracheally aerosol administration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect the levels of inflammation factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide in serum and supernatant of trachea tissue. Western blotting (WB) and Immunohistochemistry analysis (IHC) were conducted in parallel to determine TNF-α, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Toll-like receptors 4(TLR4) protein expressions and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) phosphorylation. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE) was applied to evaluate pathological lesions of trachea tissue. Experimental results showed that TMHM-OAC significantly reduced the levels of the TNF-α, IL-6 and NO in serum and supernatant of tracheal of LPS-induced ICR mice. The protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS in tracheal tissue were also down-regulated significantly by the treatment of TMHM-OAC. Moreover, TMHM-OAC downregulated phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and protein expression of TLR4. Our results indicated that TMHM-OAC could improve LPS-induced histopathological damage of tracheal tissues through the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and could be beneficial for the treatment of acute tracheobronchitis.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225400, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225400, PR China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Maomao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Weiquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Liuqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China. Electronic address: jxiaobin2005@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225400, PR China. Electronic address: 13961098521@163.Com.
authors.forename: Zibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Taixing 225400, PR China. Electronic address: wenmoxiushi@163.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D031205:Taraxacum / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Acute tracheobronchitis; Anti-inflammation; Organic acid component; Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz