title: Post-stroke gaseous hypothermia increases vascular density but not neurogenesis in the ischemic penumbra of aged rats.
abstract: In aged humans, stroke is a major cause of disability for which no neuroprotective measures are available. In animal studies of focal ischemia, short-term hypothermia often reduces infarct size. Nevertheless, efficient neuroprotection requires long-term, regulated lowering of whole body temperature. Previously, we reported that post-stroke exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) effectively lowers whole body temperature and confers neuroprotection in aged animals.
  
  
  
  In the present study using behavioral tests, MRI, telemetrical EEG, BP and temperature recordings, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence, we assessed infarct size, vascular density, neurogenesis and as well as the expression of genes coding for proteasomal proteins as well as in post-stroke aged Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to H2S- induced hypothermia.
  
  
  
  Two days exposure to mild hypothermia diminishes the expression of several genes involved in protein degradation, thereby leading to better preservation of infarcted tissue. Further, hypothermia increased the density of newly formed blood vessels in the peri-lesional cortex did not enhance neurogenesis in the infarcted area of aged rats. Likewise, there was improved recovery of fine vestibulomotor function and asymmetric sensorimotor deficit.
  
  
  
  Long-term hypothermia may be a viable clinical approach by simultaneously targeting multiple processes including better tissue preservation, enhanced vascular density and improved behavioral performance.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
authors.forename: Raluca Elena
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sandu
authors.affiliation: Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uzoni
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.|Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Ovidiu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ciobanu
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Panum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moldovan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anghel
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Radu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Coogan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.|University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
authors.forename: Aurel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Popa-Wagner
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D004569:Electroencephalography; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C489210:Rpl13a protein, rat; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Aging; H2S; hypothermia; neurogenesis; proteasome; stroke; vascular density