title: Collateral Status on Baseline Computed Tomographic Angiography and Intra-Arterial Treatment Effect in Patients With Proximal Anterior Circulation Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent randomized trials have proven the benefit of intra-arterial treatment (IAT) with retrievable stents in acute ischemic stroke. Patients with poor or absent collaterals (preexistent anastomoses to maintain blood flow in case of a primary vessel occlusion) may gain less clinical benefit from IAT. In this post hoc analysis, we aimed to assess whether the effect of IAT was modified by collateral status on baseline computed tomographic angiography in the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  MR CLEAN was a multicenter, randomized trial of IAT versus no IAT. Primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. The primary effect parameter was the adjusted common odds ratio for a shift in direction of a better outcome on the modified Rankin Scale. Collaterals were graded from 0 (absent) to 3 (good). We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis with interaction terms to estimate treatment effect modification by collateral status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant modification of treatment effect by collaterals (P=0.038). The strongest benefit (adjusted common odds ratio 3.2 [95% confidence intervals 1.7-6.2]) was found in patients with good collaterals (grade 3). The adjusted common odds ratio was 1.6 [95% confidence intervals 1.0-2.7] for moderate collaterals (grade 2), 1.2 [95% confidence intervals 0.7-2.3] for poor collaterals (grade 1), and 1.0 [95% confidence intervals 0.1-8.7] for patients with absent collaterals (grade 0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In MR CLEAN, baseline computed tomographic angiography collateral status modified the treatment effect. The benefit of IAT was greatest in patients with good collaterals on baseline computed tomographic angiography. Treatment benefit appeared less and may be absent in patients with absent or poor collaterals.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.trialregister.nl and http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: (NTR)1804 and ISRCTN10888758, respectively.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Olvert A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Berkhemer
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Ivo G H
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beumer
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Puck S S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Lucie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Hester F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lingsma
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Marieke E S
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sprengers
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Sjoerd F M
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jenniskens
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Geert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lycklama À Nijeholt
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Marianne A A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Walderveen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Joseph C J
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bot
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Ludo F M
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Beenen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Anna M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boers
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Cornelis H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Slump
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Yvo B W E M
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Oostenbrugge
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Diederik W J
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dippel
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Aad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Wim H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van Zwam
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Henk A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Marquering
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., I.G.H.J., M.E.S.S., R.v.d.B., L.F.M.B., A.M.M.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., H.A.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), and Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Texas Stroke Institute, TX (A.J.Y.); Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.F.M.J.); Department of Radiology, MC Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands (G.J.L.à.N.); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.A.A.v.W.); Department of Radiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.C.J.B.); and Department of Robotics & Mechatronics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).
authors.forename: Charles B L M
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Majoie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: cerebrovascular circulation; collateral circulation; endovascular treatment; intra-arterial treatment; retrievable stent; stent-retriever; stroke; treatment outcome