title: Oxidative stress and lung pathology following geogenic dust exposure.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate markers of systemic oxidative stress and lung histopathology following subacute exposure to geogenic dust with varying heavy metal content collected from a natural setting prone to wind erosion and used heavily for off-road vehicle recreation. Adult female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to several concentrations of dust collected from seven different types of surfaces at the Nellis Dunes Recreation Area in Clark County, Nevada, designated here as CBN 1-7. Dust representing each of the seven surface types, with an average median diameter of 4.2 μm, was selected and administered via oropharyngeal aspiration to mice at concentrations from 0.01 to 100 mg of dust kg(-1) of body weight. Exposures were given four times spaced a week apart over a 28 day period to mimic a month of weekend exposures. Lung pathology was evaluated while plasma markers of oxidative stress included levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and total glutathione. Overall, results of these assays to evaluate markers of oxidative stress indicate that no single CBN surface type was able to consistently induce markers of systemic oxidative stress at a particular dose or in a dose-response manner. All surface types were able to induce some level of lung inflammation, typically at the highest exposure levels. These data suggest that dust from the Nellis Dunes Recreation Area may present a potential health risk, but additional studies are necessary to characterize the full extent of health risks to humans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leetham
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27834, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA.|Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.affiliation: Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Geographical and Geological Sciences, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, 17815, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McLaurin
authors.affiliation: Brooks Rand Labs, LLC, Bothell, Western Australia, 98011, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerads
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009505:Nevada; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004391:Dust; D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: geogenic dust; heavy metals; lung exposure; minerals; oxidative stress