title: [Acute coronary syndrome in women below 50 years of age: risk factors and clinical and angiographic features].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk factors and angiographic features of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in women below 50 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 131 women with ACS aged 50 years or younger were enrolled in this study as the case group, with another 425 women aged below 50 years with normal coronary angiographic findings as the control group. The risk factors and clinical and coronary angiographic features of ACS were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, significantly higher frequencies of dyslipidemia, hypertension (especially diastolic hypertension), diabetes, or a positive family history for coronary artery disease (CAD) were found in ACS group (P<0.05) . The proportion of post-menopausal women and the menopausal ages were similar between the two groups (P>0.05), but the mean diastolic pressure was significantly higher in ACS group than in the control group (P<0.05). Among the menopausal women, the conventional risk factors for ACS were similar between the two groups with the exception of family history CAD, which was more frequent in ACS group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in ACS group than in the control group (P<0.05), but the levels of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were comparable between them. Positive findings of urine protein were more frequent in ACS group. In ACS group, 54.2% of the patients had a single diseased artery, 29.6% had more than one diseased artery, and 16.0% had slightly diseased or even normal coronary arteries; the lesion was found most commonly in the left anterior descending artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women with ACS below 50 years of age, the risk factors of ACS included the conventional risk factors of CAD and a positive finding of urine protein. Menopause is not associated with an increased incidence of ACS. A substantial portion of these ACS patients can have slightly diseased and even normal coronary arteries.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510100, China. E-mail: yanhong2001@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Dong-Zi
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tai-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Han-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol