title: Analysis of biofluids by paper spray MS: advances and challenges.
abstract: Paper spray MS is part of a cohort of ambient ionization or direct analysis methods that seek to analyze complex samples without prior sample preparation. Extraction and electrospray ionization occur directly from the paper substrate upon which a dried matrix spot is stored. Paper spray MS is capable of detecting drugs directly from dried blood, plasma and urine spots at the low ng/ml to pg/ml levels without sample preparation. No front end separation is performed, so MS/MS or high-resolution MS is required. Here, we discuss paper spray methodology, give a comprehensive literature review of the use of paper spray MS for bioanalysis, discuss technological advancements and variations on this technique and discuss some of its limitations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Manicke
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bills
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Chengsen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing; D006801:Humans; D010209:Paper; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013048:Specimen Handling; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D015262:Xenobiotics
keywords: DBS; ambient ionization; chromatography; direct analysis; dried matrix spots; dried plasma spots; dried urine spots; ion mobility