title: Agmatine Ameliorates High Glucose-Induced Neuronal Cell Senescence by Regulating the p21 and p53 Signaling.
abstract: Neuronal senescence caused by diabetic neuropathy is considered a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Neuronal senescence leads to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the alteration of cellular homeostasis. Agmatine, which is biosynthesized by arginine decarboxylation, has been reported in previous in vitro to exert a protective effect against various stresses. In present study, agmatine attenuated the cell death and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and CCL2 in high glucose in vitro conditions. Moreover, the senescence associated-β-galatosidase's activity in high glucose exposed neuronal cells was reduced by agmatine. Increased p21 and reduced p53 in high glucose conditioned cells were changed by agmatine. Ultimately, agmatine inhibits the neuronal cell senescence through the activation of p53 and the inhibition of p21. Here, we propose that agmatine may ameliorate neuronal cell senescence in hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Juhyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeori
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Somang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Eosu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Taek
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Agmatine; Cell death; High glucose; Hyperglycemia; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; Senescence; p21; p53