title: Removal of Two Species of Harmful Algae Using Gramine Modified Montmorillonite.
abstract: A series of gramine modified montmorillonites (gramine-MMTs) were prepared and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and zeta potential measurements. These modified clays with various amounts of gramine all exhibited higher removal efficiencies of both Chattonella marina and Alexandrium tamarense than did natural clay. With the augmentation of gramine content in the modified clays, the removal efficiency increased. The 24 h LC50 values of gramine-MMT with 12.68 % of gramine on C. marina and A. tamarense were 9.16 and 10.21 mg L(-1), respectively. These data suggest gramine-MMT might be a promising material to remediate harmful algal blooms.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Su-Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.|Department of Food and Bioengineering, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ye
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Jie-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. tywd@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D000077215:Clay; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000187:drug effects*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000187:drug effects*; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D001546:Bentonite; C007884:gramine; D000077215:Clay
keywords: Alexandrium tamarense; Chattonella marina; Clay