title: Microbes and the mind: emerging hallmarks of the gut microbiota-brain axis.
abstract: The concept of a gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged to describe the complex and continuous signalling between the gut microbiota and host nervous system. This review examines key microbial-derived neuromodulators and structural components that comprise the gut microbiota-brain axis. To conclude, we briefly identify current challenges in gut microbiota-brain research and suggest a framework to characterize these interactions. Here, we propose five emerging hallmarks of the gut microbiota-brain axis: (i) Indistinguishability, (ii) Emergence, (iii) Bidirectional Signalling, (iv) Critical Window Fluidity and (5) Neural Homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Kylynda C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Kelsey E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Huus
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: B Brett
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Finlay
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000382:microbiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009420:Nervous System / Q000382:microbiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction