title: Genomic Characterization of Primary Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer.
abstract: Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is the second most common histologic subtype after invasive ductal breast cancer (IDBC). Despite clinical and pathologic differences, ILBC is still treated as IDBC. We aimed to identify genomic alterations in ILBC with potential clinical implications.
  
  
  
  From an initial 630 ILBC primary tumors, we interrogated oncogenic substitutions and insertions and deletions of 360 cancer genes and genome-wide copy number aberrations in 413 and 170 ILBC samples, respectively, and correlated those findings with clinicopathologic and outcome features.
  
  
  
  Besides the high mutation frequency of CDH1 in 65% of tumors, alterations in one of the three key genes of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT1, were present in more than one-half of the cases. HER2 and HER3 were mutated in 5.1% and 3.6% of the tumors, with most of these mutations having a proven role in activating the human epidermal growth factor receptor/ERBB pathway. Mutations in FOXA1 and ESR1 copy number gains were detected in 9% and 25% of the samples. All these alterations were more frequent in ILBC than in IDBC. The histologic diversity of ILBC was associated with specific alterations, such as enrichment for HER2 mutations in the mixed, nonclassic, and ESR1 gains in the solid subtype. Survival analyses revealed that chromosome 1q and 11p gains showed independent prognostic value in ILBC and that HER2 and AKT1 mutations were associated with increased risk of early relapse.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates that we can now begin to individualize the treatment of ILBC, with HER2, HER3, and AKT1 mutations representing high-prevalence therapeutic targets and FOXA1 mutations and ESR1 gains deserving urgent dedicated clinical investigation, especially in the context of endocrine treatment.
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France. christine.desmedt@bordet.be.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desmedt
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppoli
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Gunes
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gundem
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pruneri
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larsimont
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornili
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fumagalli
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rothé
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Naima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kheddoumi
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Ghizlane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rouas
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majjaj
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brohée
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Loo
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maisonneuve
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Brussel
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Diether
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galant
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertucci
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccart-Gebhart
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viale
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Elia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biganzoli
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Denis Larsimont, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Roberto Salgado, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, and Christos Sotiriou, Institut Jules Bordet; Christine Galant, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels; Peter Van Loo, University of Leuven; Thomas Van Brussel and Diether Lambrechts, VIB Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Gabriele Zoppoli, University of Genoa and Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico-Scientifico San Martino-National Cancer Institute, Genoa; Giancarlo Pruneri, Patrick Maisonneuve, and Giuseppe Viale, European Institute of Oncology; Marco Fornili and Elia Biganzoli, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Gunes Gundem and Peter J. Campbell, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire; Peter Van Loo, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Ron Bose, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Otto Metzger, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and François Bertucci, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sotiriou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D005260:Female; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C581292:ERBB3 protein, human