title: Developmental and Ultrastructural Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosoma herthameyeri n. sp. of Brazilian Leptodactilydae Frogs.
abstract: We described the phylogenetic affiliation, development in cultures and ultrastructural features of a trypanosome of Leptodacylus chaquensis from the Pantanal biome of Brazil. In the inferred phylogeny, this trypanosome nested into the Anura clade of the basal Aquatic clade of Trypanosoma, but was separate from all known species within this clade. This finding enabled us to describe it as Trypanosoma herthameyeri n. sp., which also infects other Leptodacylus species from the Pantanal and Caatinga biomes. Trypanosoma herthameyeri multiplies as small rounded forms clumped together and evolving into multiple-fission forms and rosettes of epimastigotes released as long forms with long flagella; scarce trypomastigotes and glove-like forms are common in stationary-phase cultures. For the first time, a trypanosome from an amphibian was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, revealing a cytostome opening, well-developed flagellar lamella, and many grooves in pumpkin-like forms. Transmission electron microscopy showed highly developed Golgi complexes, relaxed catenation of KDNA, and a rich set of spongiome tubules in a regular parallel arrangement to the flagellar pocket as confirmed by electron tomography. Considering the basal position in the phylogenetic tree, developmental and ultrastructural data of T. herthameyeri are valuable for evolutionary studies of trypanosome architecture and cell biology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lyslaine H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen S A
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campaner
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erney P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta M G
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia-Inmetro, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wanderley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000097:blood / Q000469:parasitology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D002965:Classification; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D055032:Electron Microscope Tomography / Q000379:methods; D005407:Flagella / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058507:Host Specificity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: Amphibian parasite; Anura; biogeography; culture; electron microscopy; morphology; phylogeny; taxonomy; tomography