title: On the discovery of UREA. Identification, synthesis and observations that let to establishing the first uraemic retention solute.
abstract: Jean Batiste von Helmont (1577-1644) described a salt that "never occurs outside man's body". The substance was further characterized by Hermann Boerhaave from Leiden (1688-1738) in Elementa Chemiae where he described the whole procedure for isolating it from urine of healthy persons. The French scientists Fourcroy and Vauquelin, in 1808, named it "ure" whereas Jean-Etienne Brard from Montpellier established its chemical composition in 1817. The synthesis of urea was accomplished by Friedrich Whler (the first organic substance to be synthesized). Finally in 1851 Friedrich Th. von Frerichs introduced the term "Uraemia".
authors.forename: Flore
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duranton
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Więcek
authors.forename: Àngel
authors.initials: À
authors.lastname: Argilés
mesh_terms: D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D014508:Urea / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000266:history* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014511:Uremia / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D014508:Urea