title: [Non-speech oral motor treatment efficacy for children with developmental speech sound disorders].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the treatment of speech disorders by means of speech therapy two antagonistic methodological approaches are applied: non-verbal ones, based on oral motor exercises (OME), and verbal ones, which are based on speech processing tasks with syllables, phonemes and words. In Spain, OME programmes are called 'programas de praxias', and are widely used and valued by speech therapists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the studies conducted on the effectiveness of OME-based treatments applied to children with speech disorders and the theoretical arguments that could justify, or not, their usefulness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the last few decades evidence has been gathered about the lack of efficacy of this approach to treat developmental speech disorders and pronunciation problems in populations without any neurological alteration of motor functioning. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association has advised against its use taking into account the principles of evidence-based practice. The knowledge gathered to date on motor control shows that the pattern of mobility and its corresponding organisation in the brain are different in speech and other non-verbal functions linked to nutrition and breathing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither the studies on their effectiveness nor the arguments based on motor control studies recommend the use of OME-based programmes for the treatment of pronunciation problems in children with developmental language disorders.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Espana.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ygual-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Espana.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cervera-Merida
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth; D011613:Psychotherapy; D066229:Speech Sound Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome