title: Changes in Energy Metabolism after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
abstract: Disrupted energy homeostasis in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to weight gain. Paradoxically, treating OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may also promote weight gain, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
  
  
  
  To explore the underlying mechanism by which patients with OSA gain weight after CPAP.
  
  
  
  A comprehensive assessment of energy metabolism was performed in 63 newly diagnosed OSA study participants (51 men; 60.8 ± 10.1 yr; apnea-hypopnea index >20 h(-1)) at baseline, CPAP initiation, and at a 3-month follow-up. Measurements included polysomnography, body weight, body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), hormones (norepinephrine, cortisol, leptin, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-1), dietary intake, eating behavior, and physical activity.
  
  
  
  BMR significantly decreased after CPAP (1,584 kcal/d at baseline, 1,561 kcal/d at CPAP initiation, and 1,508 kcal/d at follow-up; P < 0.001), whereas physical activity and total caloric intake did not significantly change. In multivariate regression, baseline apnea-hypopnea index, Δurine norepinephrine, and CPAP adherence were significant predictors of ΔBMR. The weight gainers had higher leptin levels, lower ghrelin levels, and higher eating behavior scores than the non-weight gainers, indicating a positive energy balance and disordered eating behavior among the weight gainers. Among the parameters related to energy metabolism, increased caloric intake was a particularly significant predictor of weight gain.
  
  
  
  Although a reduction in BMR after CPAP predisposes to a positive energy balance, dietary intake and eating behavior had greater impacts on weight change. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle modifications combined with CPAP. Clinical trial registered with http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/ (UMIN000012639).
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, and.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the.
authors.forename: Kiminobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanizawa
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the.
authors.forename: Morito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inouchi
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oga
authors.affiliation: 4 First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akamizu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D001481:Basal Metabolism; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: appetite-regulating hormones; basal metabolic rate; body weight; eating behavior; energy balance