title: Coadministration of tramadol with aripiprazole and venlafaxine--The effect on spatial memory functions in male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impairment of memory functions is very common in patients with chronic pain, particularly in patients with existing cognitive disorders. Results of some studies confirmed that tramadol (TRM), a frequently prescribed analgesic drug, improves memory functions in humans. However, there are no studies on the effect of co-administration of TRM with antidepressants or antipsychotics on memory; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concomitant use of TRM with a second generation antipsychotic-aripiprazole (ARI) and an antidepressant-venlafaxine (VEN) on memory using an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of TRM (5mg/kg)+ARI (1.5mg/kg) and TRM (5mg/kg)+VEN (20mg/kg) on memory in Wistar rats was examined using the Morris water maze test after single and chronic administration (7 and 14 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that a single and chronic administration of TRM, VEN or ARI alone, but not a combination of TRM+VEN or TRM+ARI (except for 14 days of treatment) can improve memory in rats compared to the control group. After 14 days of administration, both combinations achieved improvement similar to each drug individually and improved spatial memory in rats compared to the control animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be assumed that chronic treatment with combinations of TRM+VEN or TRM+ARI is unlikely to cause memory impairment and interfere with either any antidepressant effect of VEN or any antipsychotic effect of ARI in patients suffering from chronic pain using TRM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland. Electronic address: d.szkutnik@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szkutnik-Fiedler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ratajczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoniów
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grześkowiak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068180:Aripiprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D014147:Tramadol; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D000068180:Aripiprazole
keywords: Aripiprazole; Rats; Spatial memory; Tramadol; Venlafaxine