title: Multidimensional analysis of the effect of occupational exposure to organic solvents on lung cancer risk: the ICARE study.
abstract: The association between lung cancer and occupational exposure to organic solvents is discussed. Since different solvents are often used simultaneously, it is difficult to assess the role of individual substances.
  
  
  
  The present study is focused on an in-depth investigation of the potential association between lung cancer risk and occupational exposure to a large group of organic solvents, taking into account the well-known risk factors for lung cancer, tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos.
  
  
  
  We analysed data from the Investigation of occupational and environmental causes of respiratory cancers (ICARE) study, a large French population-based case-control study, set up between 2001 and 2007. A total of 2276 male cases and 2780 male controls were interviewed, and long-life occupational history was collected. In order to overcome the analytical difficulties created by multiple correlated exposures, we carried out a novel type of analysis based on Bayesian profile regression.
  
  
  
  After analysis with conventional logistic regression methods, none of the 11 solvents examined were associated with lung cancer risk. Through a profile regression approach, we did not observe any significant association between solvent exposure and lung cancer. However, we identified clusters at high risk that are related to occupations known to be at risk of developing lung cancer, such as painters.
  
  
  
  Organic solvents do not appear to be substantial contributors to the occupational risk of lung cancer for the occupations known to be at risk.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liverani
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France Faculty of Medicine IFR 10, University Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matrat
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cenée
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Screening an Evaluation Test Program, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Lamiae
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Department of social epidemiology, INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Villejuif, France Department of social epidemiology, Sorbonne University, UPMC University of Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Gwenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menvielle
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint-Maurice, France Epidemiological research and surveillance unit in transport, occupation and environment, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pilorget
authors.affiliation: Somme Cancer Registry, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lapôtre-Ledoux
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U 1085_IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, France University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luce
authors.affiliation: MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stücker
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Bayesian profile regression; Lung cancer; Occupational exposure; Organic solvents