title: Low-level laser therapy to recovery testicular degeneration in rams: effects on seminal characteristics, scrotal temperature, plasma testosterone concentration, and testes histopathology.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to recovery testicular degeneration in rams. In the first study, rams were induced to testicular degeneration by scrotal insulation, and then, they were treated using LLLT at 28 J/cm(2) (INS28) or 56 J/cm(2) (INS56) energy densities. Sperm kinetics, morphology, and membranes integrity as well as proportion of lumen area in seminiferous tubule were assessed. In the second study, rams were submitted or not to scrotal insulation and treated or not by the best protocol of LLLT defined by experiment 1 (INS28). In this study were evaluated sperm kinetics, morphology, membranes integrity, ROS production, and DNA integrity. Testosterone serum concentration and proportion of lumen area in seminiferous tubule were also analyzed. Insulation was effective in promoting sperm injuries in both experiments. Biostimulatory effect was observed in experiment 1: INS28 presented smaller proportion of lumen area (P = 0.0001) and less degeneration degree (P = 0.0002). However, in experiment 2, there was no difference between the groups (P = 0.17). In addition, LLLT did not improve sperm quality, and there was a decreasing for total and progressive motility (P = 0.02) and integrity of sperm membranes (P = 0.01) in LLLT-treated groups. Moreover, testosterone concentration was not improved by LLLT (P = 0.37). Stimulation of aerobic phosphorylation by LLLT may have led to a deregulated increase in ROS leading to sperm damages. Thus, LLLT at energy of 28 J/cm(2) (808 nm of wavelength and 30 mW of power output) can induce sperm damages and increase the quantity of cells in seminiferous tubule in rams.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maíra Bianchi Rodrigues
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens Paes
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Arruda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Batissaco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Shirley Andrea
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Florez-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Marcele Martins
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Andrology and Embryo Technology, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Andrade
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Andrology and Embryo Technology, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele Mouro
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ravagnani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lançoni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tamie Guibu
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Martins
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Storillo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Silva
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Vellone
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Physiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Franci
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helder Esteves
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Thomé
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Luz
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Canella
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Andrology and Embryo Technology, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Furugen Cesar
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: De Andrade
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. celeghin@usp.br.
authors.forename: Eneiva Carla Carvalho
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Celeghini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum / Q000528:radiation effects; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013737:Testis / Q000528:radiation effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Biostimulation; Infertility; Male; Proliferation; Sperm; Spermatozoa