title: Surgical planning, manufacturing and implantation of an individualized cervical fusion titanium cage using patient-specific data.
abstract: Most cervical fusion cages imperfectly mimic the anatomy of the intervertebral disc space. The production of individualized cages might be the next step to further improve spinal implants due to their enhanced load-bearing surface.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the planning, manufacturing, and implantation of an individualized cervical cage in co-operation with EIT and 3D Systems.
  
  
  
  A digital 3D model of the patient's cervical spine was rendered from the patients CT data. It was then possible to correct degenerative deformities by digitally repositioning the vertebrae and virtually resecting the osteophytes. The implantation of the cage can be simulated to check the accuracy of the fit. The cage is made of trabecular titanium and manufactured by Direct Metal Printing.
  
  
  
  The pilot project for the implantation of the first individualized cervical cage ever, resulted in a highly accurate fit. During surgery, the cage self-located into the correct position after suspending distraction due to the implants unique end plate design. Furthermore, it was impossible to move the cage in any direction with the inserting instrument after suspending distraction for the same reason. Thus, it can be assumed that an individualized cervical implant provides excellent primary stability.
  
  
  
  Preconditions for the manufacturing of individualized cervical fusion cages using specific patient data are given. The implantation is uncomplicated. The improved load-bearing surface will lower the rate of implant dislocation and subsidence. The production of individualized cages at a reasonable price has to be evaluated by spine surgeons and the industry.
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestr. 90, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spetzger
authors.affiliation: 3D Systems Corporation, Rock Hill, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Miles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frasca
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestr. 90, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany. koenig_de@web.de.
authors.forename: Stefan Alexander
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: König
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D054850:Osteophyte / Q000601:surgery; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014025:Titanium; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: 3D modeling; Cervical spine; Computer-aided design; Fusion; Manufacturing; Patient data; Titanium cage