title: History and future of genetically engineered food animal regulation: an open request.
abstract: Modern biotechnology resulted from of a series of incremental improvements in the understanding of DNA and the enzymes that nature evolved to manipulate it. As the potential impact of genetic engineering became apparent, scientists began the process of trying to identify the potential unintended consequences. Restrictions to recombinant DNA experimentation were at first self-imposed. Collaborative efforts between scientists and lawyers formalized an initial set of guidelines. These guidelines have been used to promulgate regulations around world. However, the initial guidelines were only intended as a starting point and were motivated by a specific set of concerns. As new data became available, the guidelines and regulations should have been adapted to the new knowledge. Instead, other social drivers drove the development of regulations. For most species and most applications, the framework that was established has slowly allowed some products to reach the market. However, genetically engineered livestock that are intended for food have been left in a regulatory state of limbo. To date, no genetically engineered food animal is available in the marketplace. A short history and a U.S.-based genetic engineer's perspective are presented. In addition, a request to regulatory agencies is presented for consideration as regulation continues to evolve. Regulators appear to have shown preference for the slow, random progression of evolution over the efficiency of intentional design.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. wellskev@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000639:trends*; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000639:trends*; D058751:Livestock; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
keywords: Genetic engineering; Genetically engineered food; Regulations