title: Profiles of criminal justice system involvement of mentally ill homeless adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to examine the rates of self-reported contacts with the criminal justice system among homeless adults with mental illness, to identify the characteristics of participants who have had contacts with the criminal justice system, to report the dimensional structure of criminal justice system involvement in this sample, and to identify typologies of justice-involved participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report data on criminal justice system involvement of 2221 adults participating in a Canadian Housing First trial were analyzed using multiple correspondence and cluster analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of the participants had at least one contact with the criminal justice system in the 6months prior to study enrollment. Factors associated with justice involvement included age, gender, ethnic background, diagnosis, substance misuse, impulse control, compliance, victimization, service use, and duration of homelessness. A typology of criminal justice involvement was developed. Seven criminal justice system involvement profiles emerged; substance use and impulse control distinguished the clusters, whereas demographic and contextual variables did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large number of profiles indicates the need for a diverse and flexible range of interventions that could be integrated within or in addition to current support of housing services, including integrated substance use and mental health interventions, risk management strategies, and trauma-oriented services.
authors.affiliation: Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Boul., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: laurence.roy@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Boul., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Crocker
authors.affiliation: BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, 70 Colony Farm Road, Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Tonia L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.affiliation: Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Boul., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latimer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gozdzik
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Campo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D003416:Criminal Law / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D057237:Criminals / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
keywords: Arrest; Diversion; Homelessness; Housing; Police; Typology