title: Effect of culture intensity and probiotics application on microbiological and environmental parameters in Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds.
abstract: The present study examined the complex interaction among stocking density and extent of probiotic use with production and environmental parameters in Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds to suggest suitable management strategies. The study was conducted inL. vannamei culture ponds with stocking density of 35 nos sq m(-1) (Group I) and 56 nos sq m(-1) (Group II) and probiotic application @16.5 kg ha(-1) and 157 kg ha(-1), respectively. There was no significant difference noted between the two groups of ponds in respect to ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in sediment and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in water samples, whereas significantly higher levels of AOB in water samples of high intensity culture ponds (Group II) and NOB in sediment samples of Group I were observed. The levels of sulphur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and sulphur reducing bacteria (SRB) in Group I pond water and in Group II sediment were significantly higher than their corresponding levels in the other group. In both the groups, ammonia, nitrite and sulphide concentrations were below toxic limits prescribed for shrimp farming. Comparing the production parameters at harvest revealed that low intensity culture ponds (Group I) had higher growth rate, average body weight and significantly lower FCR and higher survival rate than high intensity culture ponds (Group II). The results indicated that application of microbial products in higher quantities did not benefit significantly, and there is a need to regulate quantum and schedule of biological product usage for economically sustainable shrimp culture.
authors.forename: Prasanna Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muralidhar
authors.forename: Haresh G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Solanki
authors.forename: Pretesh P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Chavali
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gopla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001835:Body Weight; D004777:Environment; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000502:physiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014871:Water Microbiology