title: Higher serum uric acid level increases risk of prehypertension in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, but not pre-diabetes and diabetes.
abstract: Although the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and prehypertension has been reported in previous studies, it is unknown whether their relationship is similar in subjects with diabetes, pre-diabetes and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). This study thus aimed to investigate the relationship between SUA and prehypertension in subjects with different glycemic status, including NGT, pre-diabetes and diabetes. A total of 12 010 participants were included after excluding subjects with blood pressure ⩾140/90 mm Hg, history of hypertension, leukaemia, lymphoma, hypothyroidism, medication for hypertension and hyperuricemia and missing data. Subjects were divided into four groups based on SUA quartiles (male Q1: ⩽345.0, Q2: 345.0-392.6, Q3: 392.6-440.2, Q4: ⩾440.2 μmol l(-1) and female Q1: ⩽249.8, Q2: 249.8-285.5, Q3: 285.5-333.1, Q4: ⩾333.1 μmol l(-1)). Diabetes, pre-diabetes and NGT were assessed according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Normotension and prehypertension were defined according to the JNC-7 (The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) criteria. The SUA was significantly higher in prehypertensive subjects as compared with normotensive subjects. SUA, as a continuous variable, was positively associated with prehypertension in subjects with NGT but not pre-diabetes and diabetes. Besides, NGT subjects with the highest quartile of SUA exhibited a higher risk of prehypertension after adjustment for other confounding factors. In pre-diabetes and diabetes groups, none of SUA quartiles was significantly related to prehypertension. SUA was significantly associated with an increased risk of prehypertension in subjects with NGT but insignificantly in subjects with pre-diabetes and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: I-H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Z-J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: F-H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: C-J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Family Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014527:Uric Acid