title: Effects of Endovascular Interventions on vWF and Fb Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and fibrinogen (Fb) are associated with hypercoagulability and thrombosis, which are the pathology and symptom of arterial disease. This research aims to study the effects of endovascular interventions on blood vWF and Fb levels in patients with diabetic peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 66 type 2 diabetic patients with PAD (intervention group) and 26 type 2 diabetic patients without PAD (control group) were enrolled. These patients are matched at gender, age, and diabetes duration. For PAD patients, percutaneous interventions (balloon dilation or stent implantation) were performed, and blood samples were collected before, during, and after interventions. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and prothrombin time-derived method were used to detect the levels of vWF and Fb, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For intervention group, vWF and Fb levels in distal ischemic regions (vWF: 231.3%, Fb: 4.97 g/L) were significantly higher than that in nonischemic regions (vWF: 147.6%, Fb: 3.91 g/L, P value < 0.01). After interventions, ischemia was improved, whereas vWF and Fb levels were significantly increased (vWF: 299.2%, Fb: 5.69 g/L, P value < 0.01). During the 2 weeks after interventions, vWF and Fb levels reached a peak (vWF: 199.3%, Fb: 4.96 g/L) and then decreased gradually to lower than the preinterventional levels (vWF: 148.3%, Fb: 3.88 g/L, P value < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions caused increases of blood vWF and Fb in the first week postintervention, leading to endothelial dysfunction and blood hypercoagulability. It suggested endothelial function protection and anticoagulant therapies should be applied to diabetic PAD patients after interventions.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Hebei Handan, Handan, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Jun
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China. Electronic address: kangzhkk@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D005340:Fibrinogen