title: Assessing the impacts of temperature and storage on Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes decay in dairy manure.
abstract: Elevated levels of animal waste-borne pathogen in ambient water is a serious human health issue. Mitigating influx of pathogens from animal waste such as dairy manure to soil and water requires improving our existing knowledge of pathogen reductions in dairy manure treatment methods. This study was conducted to enhance the  understanding of human pathogen decay in liquid dairy manure in anaerobic (AN) and limited aerobic (LA) storage conditions. The decay of three pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes) was assessed in bench-scale batch reactors fed with liquid slurry. A series of temperatures (30, 35, 42, and 50 °C) conditions were tested to determine the impacts of temperature on Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes decay in AN and LA conditions. Results showed prolonged survival of E. coli compared to Salmonella and L. monocytogenes in both LA and AN environments. Variations in survival among pathogens with temperature and environmental conditions (i.e., LA and AN) indicated the necessity of developing improved dairy manure waste treatment methods for controlling animal waste-borne pathogens. The results of this study will help in improving the current understanding of human pathogen decay in dairy manure for making informed decisions of animal manure treatment by stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine Extension, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sagor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine Extension, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, California, USA. pkpandey@ucdavis.edu.|University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, UC Cooperative Extension, Davis, 95616, California, USA. pkpandey@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Pramod K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine Extension, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, California, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Farver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008372:Manure
keywords: Dairy waste; Decay; Pathogens; Storage; Temperature