title: Nuclear magnetic resonance lipoprotein abnormalities in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes and their association with preclinical carotid atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherogenic dyslipidemia is common in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and predicts cardiovascular disease, but information on the association of its components with atherosclerosis is scarce. We aimed to assess differences in the lipoprotein profile in newly-diagnosed T2DM and matched control individuals and their associations with preclinical carotid atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study, we evaluated lipoprotein profiles by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and determined carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque presence (IMT ≥1.5 mm) by B-mode ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed 96 T2DM patients (median age 63 years, 44% women, 19% smokers, 54% hypertension, 38% dyslipidemia) and 90 non-diabetic controls matched for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. In T2DM VLDL-particles (mainly large and enriched in cholesterol and triglycerides) were increased, and large HDL-particles (enriched in triglycerides and depleted in cholesterol) were reduced (p < 0.05; all comparisons). Regarding associations with preclinical atherosclerosis, VLDL triglyceride content (odds ratio [OR], 8.975; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.330-34.576), total number of VLDL particles (OR, 2.713; CI, 1.601-4.598) and VLDL size (OR, 2.044; CI, 1.320-3.166), and the ratio cholesterol/triglycerides in HDL (OR, 0.638; CI, 0.477-0.852) were associated with plaque burden (≥3 plaques) independently of confounders, including conventional lipid levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NMR-assessed advanced lipoprotein profile identifies lipid abnormalities associated with newly-diagnosed T2DM and preclinical atherosclerosis that are not captured by the traditional lipid profile. At this early stage of diabetes, NMR lipoproteins could be useful to identify candidates for a more comprehensive cardiovascular risk prevention strategy.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Amor
authors.affiliation: Consorcio de Atención Primaria del Eixample (CAPSE), Grup Transversal de Recerca en Atenció Primària, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalan
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas" (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Consorcio de Atención Primaria del Eixample (CAPSE), Grup Transversal de Recerca en Atenció Primària, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Herreras
authors.affiliation: Consorcio de Atención Primaria del Eixample (CAPSE), Grup Transversal de Recerca en Atenció Primària, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinyol
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
authors.forename: Aleix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sala-Vila
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cofán
authors.affiliation: Vascular Unit, Centre de Diagnòstic per l'Imatge, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilabert
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain. Electronic address: eortega1@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008074:Lipoproteins
keywords: Carotid ultrasound; Diabetes; Lipoproteins; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Preclinical atherosclerosis