title: Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in the Upper Extremity: A Case Report and Systematic Review and Outcomes Analysis.
abstract: Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare form of venous gangrene that arises secondary to occlusion of venous outflow from a limb. Classically described in the lower extremity, it is rare in the upper extremity. We present a case report of upper extremity PCD and a systematic review with data analysis of 37 cases of PCD published in PubMed. Our analysis showed that concurrent lower extremity PCD was a statistically significant marker for worse outcomes in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA douglastr@pcom.edu.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Troutman
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Valeriy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shubinets
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Calligaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001344:Autopsy; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D017131:Thrombectomy; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: deep vein thrombosis; phlegmasia cerulean dolens; venous gangrene