title: [Prevalence and influencing factors on psychological violence from parents to child].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of psychological violence against children by parents and to explore possible influencing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two primary schools from a city, located in the northeast part of China, 1 164 parents of the pupils from grade 1 to 6, were anonymously surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire, to analyze the situation of psychological violence and influencing factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1 164 parents, 78.1% reported that they practised psychological violence towards their children. Compared with girls, boys were more psychologically maltreated by their parents (81.3% vs. 74.7%,P<0.01). Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that following factors increased the risk of psychological violence against children: child being male (OR=1.684); initiated by the mother (OR=1.640), parents experiences of psychologically violent victimization (OR=2.064) during their childhood, supportive or tolerant attitudes towards corporal punishment (OR=2.618) from the parents, low awareness of the harmfulness of psychological violence against children (OR=1.666) of the parents, and lower social economic status (OR=1.745) of the family, etc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological violence experienced by the parents appeared very common. Prevention programs on psychological violence should be strengthened to increase the awareness of parents on this serious problem.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*