title: The robust identification of exchange from T2-T2 time-domain features.
abstract: Two-dimensional spin-spin relaxation (T2-T2) techniques have been developed to probe coupling between different environments such as diffusive coupling between small and large pores or chemical exchange with clays. In these studies, Numerical Laplace Inversion (NLI) is used to obtain two-dimensional T2-T2 relaxation distribution spectrum from the T2-T2 signal decays, and the off-diagonal peaks characterize coupling. Often, these coupling peaks are both weak and close to the diagonal and combined with the inherently ill-conditioned nature of the inversion, their presence is difficult to differentiate from inversion related artifacts and blurring. This manuscript presents a time domain based analysis to identify the presence of coupling that avoids the ambiguities present in T2-T2 spectra. The approach utilizes the symmetric nature of the two-dimensional time domain data, where the presence of curvature along one of these symmetries gives an unambiguous indicator of coupling. Measurements on porous glass beads are used to verify the technique.
authors.affiliation: Schlumberger Doll, 1 Hampshire St., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. Electronic address: rsong722@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruobing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Schlumberger Doll, 1 Hampshire St., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. Electronic address: ysong@slb.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Qiao
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Schlumberger Doll, 1 Hampshire St., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. Electronic address: subramanian1@slb.com.
authors.forename: Muthusamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vembusubramanian
authors.affiliation: Schlumberger Doll, 1 Hampshire St., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. Electronic address: jlpaulsen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Paulsen
keywords: CPMG; Inverse laplace; Multi-dimensional relaxometry; Porous media; T(2)–T(2) exchange; TD-NMR; Time-domain analysis