title: Limited evidence of intercontinental dispersal of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 by migratory birds.
abstract: Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 (APMV-4) is a single stranded RNA virus that has most often been isolated from waterfowl. Limited information has been reported regarding the prevalence, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of AMPV-4. To assess the intercontinental dispersal of this viral agent, we sequenced the fusion gene of 58 APMV-4 isolates collected in the United States, Japan and the Ukraine and compared them to all available sequences on GenBank. With only a single exception the phylogenetic clades of APMV-4 sequences were monophyletic with respect to their continents of origin (North America, Asia and Europe). Thus, we detected limited evidence for recent intercontinental dispersal of APMV-4 in this study.
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. Electronic address: areeves@usgs.gov.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.affiliation: Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, The University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Poulson
authors.affiliation: National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Pushkinska Street 83, 61023, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Denys
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muzyka
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Vuong Nghia
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30677, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pantin-Jackwood
authors.affiliation: Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, The University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stallknecht
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. Electronic address: aramey@usgs.gov.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ramey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018109:Avulavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D045463:Avulavirus Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007564:Japan; D010802:Phylogeny; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D014455:Ukraine; D014481:United States; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4; Dispersal, intercontinental; Migratory bird