title: Ultrasensitive, Specific, Recyclable, and Reproducible Detection of Lead Ions in Real Systems through a Polyadenine-Assisted, Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Silicon Chip.
abstract: It is of great significance to accurately and reliably detect trace lead(II) (Pb(2+)) ions, preferably at sub-nM level due to the possible long-term accumulation of Pb(2+) in the human body, which may cause serious threats to human health. However, a suitable Pb(2+) sensor meeting the demands is still scanty. Herein, we develop a polyadenine-assisted, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) silicon chip (0.5 cm × 0.5 cm) composed of core (Ag)-satellite (Au) nanoparticles (Ag-Au NPs)-decorated silicon wafers (Ag-Au NPs@Si) for high-performance Pb(2+) detection. Typically, strong SERS signals could be measured when DNAzyme conjugated on the SERS silicon chip is specifically activated by Pb(2+), cleaving the substrate strand into two free DNA strands. A good linearity exists between the normalized Raman intensities and the logarithmic concentrations of Pb(2+) ranging from 10 pM to 1 μM with a good correlation coefficient, R(2) of 0.997. Remarkably, Pb(2+) ions with a low concentration of 8.9 × 10(-12) M can be readily determined via the SERS silicon chip ascribed to its superior SERS enhancement, much lower than those (∼nM) reported by other SERS sensors. Additionally, the developed chip features good selectivity and recyclability (e.g., ∼11.1% loss of Raman intensity after three cycles). More importantly, the as-prepared chip can be used for accurate and reliable determination of unknown Pb(2+) ions in real systems including lake water, tap water and industrial wastewater, with the RSD value less than 12%.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Houyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Xiangxu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D021881:DNA, Catalytic / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011061:Poly A / Q000737:chemistry*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D021881:DNA, Catalytic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011061:Poly A; D007854:Lead; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D012825:Silicon