title: Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular risk: A point of view from the clearance of plasma vasoactive amines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the reported evidence on the relationship between vasoactive amines and preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The summarized results are as follows: (1) Menstruation can effectively eliminate vasoactive amines norepinephrine, serotonin and histamine. (2) Pregnancy increases norepinephrine production due to fetal brain development and decreases vasoactive-amine elimination due to amenorrhea. (3) Preeclampsia is associated with a low renal and/or sweating capacity, or in rare cases, with increased norepinephrine production due to maternal pheochromocytoma and fetal neuroblastoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preeclampsia is mainly due to decreased excretion of norepinephrine and other vasoactive amines.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Medical College, Dalian University , Dalian , China.
authors.forename: Shi-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: b Renal Division, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: d Department of Molecular Immunology , Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan.
authors.forename: Na-Na
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D006632:Histamine; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; gestational hypertension; norepinephrine; preeclampsia; vasoactive amines