title: Camelpox: A brief review on its epidemiology, current status and challenges.
abstract: Camelpox caused by a Camelpox virus (CMLV) is a very important host specific viral disease of camel. It is highly contagious in nature and causes serious impact on health even mortality of camels and economic losses to the camel owners. It manifests itself either in the local/mild or generalized/severe form. Various outbreaks of different pathogenicity have been reported from camel dwelling areas of the world. CMLV has been characterized in embryonated chicken eggs with the production of characteristic pock lesions and in various cell lines with the capacity to induce giant cells. Being of Poxviridae family, CMLV employs various strategies to impede host immune system and facilitates its own pathogenesis. Both live and attenuated vaccine has been found effective against CMLV infection. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of camelpox disease with respect to its transmission, epidemiology, virion characteristics, viral life cycle, host interaction and its immune modulation.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center on Camel, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India. Electronic address: dshsing04@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shyam Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National Research Center on Camel, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India.
authors.forename: Sharat Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: National Research Center on Camel, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India.
authors.forename: Shirish D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Narnaware
authors.affiliation: National Research Center on Camel, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India.
authors.forename: Raghvendar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Research Center on Camel, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India.
authors.forename: Fateh Chand
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tuteja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D018155:Orthopoxvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Camelpox; Immune evasion; Outbreak; Vaccine; Zoonosis