title: Development of the BIOME-BGC model for the simulation of managed Moso bamboo forest ecosystems.
abstract: Numerical models are the most appropriate instrument for the analysis of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems and their interactions with changing environmental conditions. The process-based model BIOME-BGC is widely used in simulation of carbon balance within vegetation, litter and soil of unmanaged ecosystems. For Moso bamboo forests, however, simulations with BIOME-BGC are inaccurate in terms of the growing season and the carbon allocation, due to the oversimplified representation of phenology. Our aim was to improve the applicability of BIOME-BGC for managed Moso bamboo forest ecosystem by implementing several new modules, including phenology, carbon allocation, and management. Instead of the simple phenology and carbon allocation representations in the original version, a periodic Moso bamboo phenology and carbon allocation module was implemented, which can handle the processes of Moso bamboo shooting and high growth during "on-year" and "off-year". Four management modules (digging bamboo shoots, selective cutting, obtruncation, fertilization) were integrated in order to quantify the functioning of managed ecosystems. The improved model was calibrated and validated using eddy covariance measurement data collected at a managed Moso bamboo forest site (Anji) during 2011-2013 years. As a result of these developments and calibrations, the performance of the model was substantially improved. Regarding the measured and modeled fluxes (gross primary production, total ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem exchange), relative errors were decreased by 42.23%, 103.02% and 18.67%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Fangjie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Pingheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China. Electronic address: zhougm@zafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Huaqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Lufeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D002681:China; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017753:Ecosystem; D065928:Forests; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D006109:Poaceae; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002244:Carbon
keywords: BIOME-BGC; Carbon cycle; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem model; Moso bamboo forest