title: Development of novel implants with self-antibacterial performance through in-situ growth of 1D ZnO nanowire.
abstract: To prevent the attachment of bacteria to implant surfaces, the 1D zinc oxide nanowire-coating has been successfully developed on material surfaces by using a custom-made hydrothermal approach. The chemical nature, surface topography and wettability of spike-like 1D ZnO nanowire-coating are comprehensively investigated. The anti-adhesive and antimicrobial properties of 1D nanowire-coating are tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by using in vitro live/dead staining and scanning electron microscopy. We find that the adhesion of bacteria can be reduced via the special spike-like topography and that the release of Zn(2+) ions can help suppress the growth of attached bacteria. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effect is also evaluated under in vivo conditions by using a rat model infected with bioluminescent S. aureus. The amount of live bacteria in the rat implanted with a nanowire-coated sample is less than that of the control at various time points. Hence, it is believed that the nanowire-coated material is promising for application in orthopaedic implantation after the long-term animal studies have been completed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Tak Lung
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Hoi Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Richard Y T
authors.initials: RYT
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: shuilin.wu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shuilin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Frankie K L
authors.initials: FKL
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Tak Man
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Michael K T
authors.initials: MKT
authors.lastname: To
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Kenneth M C
authors.initials: KMC
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: wkkyeung@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Kelvin W K
authors.initials: KWK
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Bioluminescent bacteria; Self-antibacterial effect; Surface modification; ZnO nanowire