title: Ultrasonographic Doppler Use for Female Reproduction Management.
abstract: Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography is a useful technique to get new information about physiologic and pathophysiologic alterations of the uterus and ovaries in female cattle. During all reproductive stages characteristic changes in uterine blood flow are observed. Cows with puerperal disturbances show delayed decrease in uterine blood flow in the first few weeks postparturition compared with healthy cows. Measurement of follicular blood flow is used to identify normally developing follicles and predict superovulatory response. Determination of luteal blood is more reliable than B-mode sonography to distinguish between functional and nonfunctional corpora lutea. Color Doppler ultrasonography is a promising tool to improve reproductive management in female cattle.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland. Electronic address: hbollwein@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bollwein
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover D-30173, Germany.
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heppelmann
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lüttgenau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000662:veterinary; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Blood flow; Cattle; Doppler ultrasonography; Estrous cycle; Ovary; Pregnancy; Puerperium; Uterus