title: Visual detection of Al(3+) ions using conjugated copolymer-ATP supramolecular complex.
abstract: A colorimetric Al(3+) sensor based on fluorescence recovery of a conjugated copolymer-ATP complex is proposed. An optimized ratio of two polythiophene (PT) monomers is utilized to synthesize copolymer (CP) that yielded maximized colorimetric response for Al(3+) in deionized (DI) and tap water. The electrostatic disassembly of CP-ATP upon addition of Al(3+) led to an evident visual color change. The lowest concentration of Al(3+) for naked eye observation is around 4 μM, which is below the threshold levels in drinking water according to European Economic Community (EEC) standard. Besides, the proposed assay showed a similar response to Al(3+) in tap water. The proposed methodology showed selective and sensitive detection for Al(3+) in analytically relevant concentration ranges without involving sophisticated instrumentation, illustrating the applicability for on-site drinking water monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Meng-Che
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rajwar
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ammanath
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Palaniappan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alagappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States. Electronic address: hakanyildiz@iyte.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Umit Hakan
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore. Electronic address: bliedberg@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liedberg
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry*; D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis*; D002412:Cations; D003124:Colorimetry; D005453:Fluorescence; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D011108:Polymers; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000535:Aluminum
keywords: Aluminum ion sensors; Conjugated polymer-ATP supramolecular complex; Naked eye detection