title: Steviol glycosides in purified stevia leaf extract sharing the same metabolic fate.
abstract: The safety of steviol glycosides is based on data available on several individual steviol glycosides and on the terminal absorbed metabolite, steviol. Many more steviol glycosides have been identified, but are not yet included in regulatory assessments. Demonstration that these glycosides share the same metabolic fate would indicate applicability of the same regulatory paradigm. In vitro incubation assays with pooled human fecal homogenates, using rebaudiosides A, B, C, D, E, F and M, as well as steviolbioside and dulcoside A, at two concentrations over 24-48 h, were conducted to assess the metabolic fate of various steviol glycoside classes and to demonstrate that likely all steviol glycosides are metabolized to steviol. The data show that glycosidic side chains containing glucose, rhamnose, xylose, fructose and deoxy-glucose, including combinations of α(1-2), β-1, β(1-2), β(1-3), and β(1-6) linkages, were degraded to steviol mostly within 24 h. Given a common metabolite structure and a shared metabolic fate, safety data available for individual steviol glycosides can be used to support safety of purified steviol glycosides in general. Therefore, steviol glycosides specifications adopted by the regulatory authorities should include all steviol glycosides belonging to the five groups of steviol glycosides and a group acceptable daily intake established.
authors.affiliation: PureCircle Limited, 915 Harger Road, Suite 250, Oak Brook, IL 60523, USA.
authors.forename: Sidd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Purkayastha
authors.affiliation: PureCircle Limited, 915 Harger Road, Suite 250, Oak Brook, IL 60523, USA.
authors.forename: Avetik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markosyan
authors.affiliation: The Coca-Cola Company, One Coca-Cola Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30126, USA.
authors.forename: Indra
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: The Coca-Cola Company, One Coca-Cola Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30126, USA.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhusari
authors.affiliation: The Coca-Cola Company, One Coca-Cola Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30126, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.affiliation: Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada. Electronic address: ashley.roberts@intertek.com.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006027:Glycosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D036625:Stevia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane; D006027:Glycosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013549:Sweetening Agents; C012042:steviol
keywords: Anaerobic; Human; In vitro metabolism; Rebaudiosides; Safety; Stevia leaf extract; Steviol glycosides