title: ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95%CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95%CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95%CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95%CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95%CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95%CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95%CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95%CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Katia Vergetti
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Instituto de estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Moyses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szklo
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas., Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuschnir
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gabriela de Azevedo
authors.initials: Gde A
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Laura Augusta
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Barufaldi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gloria Valeria
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: da Veiga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaan
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thiago Luiz Nogueira
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas, Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maurício Teixeira Leite
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Vasconcellos
authors.forename: Ana Julia Pantoja
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Ana Luíza
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Ana Mayra Andrade
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Bruno Mendes
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Cecília Lacroix
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Cristiane de Freitas
authors.initials: Cde F
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Denise Tavares
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Dilson Rodrigues
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Belfort
authors.forename: Eduardo Lima
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Elisa Brosina
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: de Leon
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Elizabete Regina Araújo
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Erika da Silva
authors.initials: Eda S
authors.lastname: Magliano
authors.forename: Francisco de Assis Guedes
authors.initials: Fde A
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: George Dantas
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Gisela Soares
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Brunken
authors.forename: Isabel Cristina Britto
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: José Rocha
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Faria Neto
authors.forename: Juliana Souza
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Kenia Mara B
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Maria Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Marize M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Paulo César B Veiga
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.forename: Pedro Antônio Muniz
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Renan Magalhães
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Ricardo Queiroz
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Gurgel
authors.forename: Rodrigo Pinheiro
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Sandra Mary
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Tamara Beres Lederer
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors