title: Active Sampling Device for Determining Pollutants in Surface and Pore Water - the In Situ Sampler for Biphasic Water Monitoring.
abstract: We designed and evaluated an active sampling device, using as analytical targets a family of pesticides purported to contribute to honeybee colony collapse disorder. Simultaneous sampling of bulk water and pore water was accomplished using a low-flow, multi-channel pump to deliver water to an array of solid-phase extraction cartridges. Analytes were separated using either liquid or gas chromatography, and analysis was performed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Achieved recoveries of fipronil and degradates in water spiked to nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/L ranged from 77 ± 12 to 110 ± 18%. Method detection limits (MDLs) were as low as 0.040-0.8 ng/L. Extraction and quantitation of total fiproles at a wastewater-receiving wetland yielded concentrations in surface water and pore water ranging from 9.9 ± 4.6 to 18.1 ± 4.6 ng/L and 9.1 ± 3.0 to 12.6 ± 2.1 ng/L, respectively. Detected concentrations were statistically indistinguishable from those determined by conventional, more laborious techniques (p > 0.2 for the three most abundant fiproles). Aside from offering time-averaged sampling capabilities for two phases simultaneously with picogram-per-liter MDLs, the novel methodology eliminates the need for water and sediment transport via in situ solid phase extraction.
authors.affiliation: The Biodesign Institute, Center for Environmental Security and Global Security Initiative, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5904.
authors.forename: Samuel D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Supowit
authors.affiliation: The Biodesign Institute, Center for Environmental Security and Global Security Initiative, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5904.
authors.forename: Isaac B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Roll
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
authors.forename: Viet D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Denslow
authors.affiliation: The Biodesign Institute, Center for Environmental Security and Global Security Initiative, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5904.
authors.forename: Rolf U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Halden
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water