title: Treatment results and prognostic factors for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with salvage surgery after concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For primary organ preservation, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is performed for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). In this organ-preservation setting with CCRT, surgery is reserved as a salvage treatment in cases of locoregional failure after CCRT. The purpose of the study was to review our experience with salvage surgery after CCRT for patients with SCCHN and to evaluate the effectiveness and prognostic factors affecting survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of patients with stage II-IVB SCC of the larynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx treated with salvage surgery after CCRT between 1998 and 2012 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 645 patients with previously untreated, resectable SCC of the larynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx received CCRT. Salvage surgery was performed for 78 of 225 patients with residual or recurrent tumors. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival rates for patients who received salvage surgery were 61.0 and 65.5 %, respectively. Stage IV, poorly differentiated, synchronous double cancer, and surgical complications were significant predictors of unfavorable OS on multivariate analysis. Postoperative complications were observed in 30 patients (38.5 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvage surgery is the best therapeutic option for failure after CCRT for SCCHN because of its good survival rate, although a high surgical complication rate is seen. Patients with initial stage IV tumors, poorly differentiated SCC, or synchronous double cancer are considered for further adjuvant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. ttaguchi@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-0688
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Goshi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shiono
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Yabuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oridate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Chemoradiotherapy; Head and neck cancer; Prognostic factors; Salvage surgery; Treatment results