title: Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and offspring cardiometabolic health at age 6 years: The generation R study.
abstract: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy might be important in influencing offspring cardiometabolic health. However, research has focused mostly on specific nutrients or total energy, and possible effects of whole diet are unclear. We aimed to assess the associations between different dietary patterns during pregnancy and offspring cardiometabolic health among 2592 mother-child pairs from Generation R, a prospective population-based cohort study from fetal life onwards in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
  
  
  
  Maternal diet was assessed in early pregnancy with a food-frequency questionnaire. We identified three a posteriori-dietary patterns, namely a 'Vegetable, fish and oil', 'Nuts, soy and high-fiber cereals' and 'Margarine, snacks and sugar'-pattern. An a priori-pattern was created based on the 'Dutch Healthy Diet Index'. Cardiometabolic health (pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, insulin, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) was measured at the child's age of 6 years.
  
  
  
  In the crude models, the 'Vegetable, fish and oil', 'Nuts, soy and high-fiber cereals' and 'Dutch Healthy Diet Index' seemed beneficial, as higher adherence to these patterns was significantly associated with lower blood pressure and lower pulse wave velocity. After adjustment for other socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, most associations disappeared, except for lower pulse wave velocity with the 'Vegetable, fish and oil'-dietary pattern (-0.19 SD (95% CI -0.33; -0.06), highest quartile of adherence vs. lowest quartile). No associations were found between maternal dietary patterns and offspring blood lipids or insulin levels.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that there are no consistent independent associations of maternal dietary patterns with offspring cardiometabolic health at 6 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.leermakers@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Elisabeth T M
authors.initials: ETM
authors.lastname: Leermakers
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Myrte J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tielemans
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van den Broek
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VWV
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kiefte-de Jong
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009426:Netherlands; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Cardiometabolic; Cohort; Diet; Epidemiology; Offspring; Pregnancy