title: Protecting the Kidney in Liver Transplant Recipients: Practice-Based Recommendations From the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice.
abstract: Both acute and chronic kidney disease are common after liver transplantation and result in significant morbidity and mortality. The introduction of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease score has directly correlated with an increased prevalence of perioperative renal dysfunction and the number of simultaneous liver-kidney transplantations performed. Kidney dysfunction in this population is typically multifactorial and related to preexisting conditions, pretransplantation renal injury, perioperative events, and posttransplantation nephrotoxic immunosuppressive therapies. The management of kidney disease after liver transplantation is challenging, as by the time the serum creatinine level is significantly elevated, few interventions affect the course of progression. Also, immunological factors such as antibody-mediated kidney rejection have become of greater interest given the rising liver-kidney transplant population. Therefore, this review, assembled by experts in the field and endorsed by the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice, provides a critical assessment of measures of renal function and interventions aimed at preserving renal function early and late after liver and simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation. Key points and practice-based recommendations for the prevention and management of kidney injury in this population are provided to offer guidance for clinicians and identify gaps in knowledge for future investigations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levitsky
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asrani
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: P
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1182-0579
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Transplantation Center, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Niemann
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012955:Societies, Medical
keywords: clinical research/practice; complication: medical/metabolic; glomerular filtration rate (GFR); immunosuppression/immune modulation; immunosuppressive regimens; kidney (native) function/dysfunction; kidney transplantation/nephrology; liver allograft function/dysfunction; liver transplantation/hepatology; maintenance; translational research/science