title: Zidovudine treatment in HIV-infected pregnant women is associated with fetal cardiac remodelling.
abstract: To evaluate the cardiac structure and function of the fetuses of pregnant women with HIV infection on combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) and the HIV-related and nonrelated determinants of abnormal findings.
  
  
  
  A prospective cohort study including 42-noninfected fetuses from HIV pregnant women on cART and 84 fetuses from non-HIV-infected women.
  
  
  
  Fetal echocardiography was performed at 26-32 weeks of pregnancy to assess cardiac structure and function. The impact of maternal and perinatal factors on fetal cardiac remodelling was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  
  Fetuses from HIV pregnant women on cART presented larger hearts and pericardial effusion together with thicker myocardial septal walls (mean 3.56 mm (SD 0.88) vs non-HIV mean 2.75 mm (SD 0.77); P = 0.002) and smaller left ventricular cavities (10.81 mm (SD 2.28) vs 12.3 mm (SD 2.54); P = 0.033). Fetuses from HIV women also presented signs of systolic (mitral systolic annular peak velocity 5.85 cm/s (SD 0.77) vs non-HIV 6.25 cm/s (SD 0.97); P = 0.007) and diastolic (isovolumic relaxation time 52 ms (SD 8.91) vs non-HIV 45 ms (SD 7.98); P < 0.001) dysfunction. In the multivariate analysis, maternal treatment with zidovudine was the only factor significantly associated with fetal cardiac changes (P = 0.014).
  
  
  
  Fetuses from HIV-infected mothers on cART have cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, which might explain the cardiovascular changes described in childhood. Fetal cardiac remodelling was essentially associated with maternal treatment with zidovudine which challenges its use during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: aBCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) bDepartment of Cardiology, Thorax Clinic Institute, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona cInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), University of Barcelona dICREA, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Otero
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goncé
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennasar
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valenzuela-Alcaraz
authors.forename: Mérida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-López
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitges
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loncà
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bijnens
authors.forename: Fàtima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crispi
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratacós
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015215:Zidovudine