title: [Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via Notch1 mediated inhibition of oxidative/nitrative stress in traumatic mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of TNF-α inhibitor Etanercept on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in posttraumatic mice, and explore related mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Traumatic mouse model was established with Noble-Collip drum. Five days after trauma, Notch1 was knocked down by intramyocardial injection of Notch1 small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or scrambled siRNA (20 μg). Seven days after trauma, mice were subjected to MI/R (30 minutes ischemia followed by reperfusion). Sham operation was similarly performed without coronary artery ligation. Ten minutes before reperfusion, mice received Etanercept (8 mg/kg, i. p.). ELISA was used to detect plasma levels of TNF-α and troponin I (cTnI) and myocardial nitrotyrosine content. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiography. Infarct size was determined by Evans blue/2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining. Cardiac caspase-3 activity was detected using a caspase-3 kit. Myocardial TNF-α and Notch1 intracellular domains (Notch1 ICD) expressions were determined by Western blot. Chemiluminescence was used to assess myocardial superoxide anion content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Compared to vehicle group, Etanercept treatment significantly reduced cTnI content, infarct size and caspase-3 activity (all P<0.01), while obviously increased LVEF (P<0.01). (2) Etanercept treatment also significantly reduced plasma and myocardial TNF-α contents (P<0.01), whereas markedly increased myocardial Notch1 ICD content (P<0.05). (3) Compared to scrambled siRNA group, Notch1 deficiency significantly increased cTnI content, infarct size and caspase-3 activity (P<0.05), whereas obviously reduced LVEF (P<0.05). (4) Etanercept significantly reduced myocardial superoxide anion and nitrotyrosine content (P<0.01), which was reversed by downregulation of Notch1 (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-α inhibitor Etanercept can alleviate MI/R injury after trauma by reducing myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress via activating Notch1 signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Pei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D051379:Mice; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; D009206:Myocardium; D009566:Nitrates; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D019210:Troponin I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; C497762:Notch1 protein, mouse; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D019210:Troponin I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3