title: Antibody Production in Plants and Green Algae.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have a wide range of modern applications, including research, diagnostic, therapeutic, and industrial uses. Market demand for mAbs is high and continues to grow. Although mammalian systems, which currently dominate the biomanufacturing industry, produce effective and safe recombinant mAbs, they have a limited manufacturing capacity and high costs. Bacteria, yeast, and insect cell systems are highly scalable and cost effective but vary in their ability to produce appropriate posttranslationally modified mAbs. Plants and green algae are emerging as promising production platforms because of their time and cost efficiencies, scalability, lack of mammalian pathogens, and eukaryotic posttranslational protein modification machinery. So far, plant- and algae-derived mAbs have been produced predominantly as candidate therapeutics for infectious diseases and cancer. These candidates have been extensively evaluated in animal models, and some have shown efficacy in clinical trials. Here, we review ongoing efforts to advance the production of mAbs in plants and algae.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware 19711; email: vidadi.yusibov@fhcmb.org , natasha.kushnir@fhcmb.org , stephen.streatfield@fhcmb.org.
authors.forename: Vidadi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yusibov
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware 19711; email: vidadi.yusibov@fhcmb.org , natasha.kushnir@fhcmb.org , stephen.streatfield@fhcmb.org.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kushnir
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware 19711; email: vidadi.yusibov@fhcmb.org , natasha.kushnir@fhcmb.org , stephen.streatfield@fhcmb.org.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Streatfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: algae production; glycoengineering; monoclonal antibody; plant production; transgenic; transient expression; transplastomic