title: Listening to music can influence hedonic and sensory perceptions of gelati.
abstract: The dominant taste sensations of three different types of chocolate gelati (milk chocolate, dark chocolate, and bittersweet chocolate) were determined using forty five trained panellists exposed to a silent reference condition and three music samples differing in hedonic ratings. The temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method was used to measure temporal taste perceptions. The emotional states of panellists were measured after each gelati-music pairing using a scale specifically developed for this study. The TDS difference curves showed significant differences between gelati samples and music conditions (p < 0.05). Sweetness was perceived more dominant when neutral and liked music were played, while bitterness was more dominant for disliked music. A joint Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) further explained the variability in sensory and emotion data. The first and second dimensions explained 78% of the variance, with the first dimension separating liked and disliked music and the second dimension separating liked music and silence. Gelati samples consumed while listening to liked and neutral music had positive scores, and were separated from those consumed under the disliked music condition along the first dimension. Liked music and disliked music were further correlated with positive and negative emotions respectively. Findings indicate that listening to music influenced the hedonic and sensory impressions of the gelati.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kantono
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: nazimah.hamid@aut.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Nazimah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michelle J Y
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Giapo Ice Cream and Research Kitchen, 279-281 Queen St., Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grazioli
authors.affiliation: Carr Consulting, 1215 Washington Ave. Suite 203, Wilmette, IL, 60091, USA; Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: B Thomas
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069956:Chocolate; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007054:Ice Cream; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology; D009520:New Zealand; D057181:Pleasure; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011897:Random Allocation; D055697:Taste Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Congruency; Emotion; Gelato; Music; Taste; Temporal dominance of sensation