title: Association of Hearing Impairment and Subsequent Driving Mobility in Older Adults.
abstract: Hearing impairment (HI) is associated with driving safety (e.g., increased crashes and poor on-road driving performance). However, little is known about HI and driving mobility. This study examined the longitudinal association of audiometric hearing with older adults' driving mobility over 3 years.
  
  
  
  Secondary data analyses were conducted of 500 individuals (63-90 years of age) from the Staying Keen in Later Life (SKILL) study. Hearing (pure tone average of 0.5, 1, and 2kHz) was assessed in the better hearing ear and categorized into normal hearing ≤25 dB hearing level (HL); mild HI 26-40 dB HL; or moderate and greater HI ≥41 dB HL. The Useful Field of View Test (UFOV) was used to estimate the risk for adverse driving events. Multivariate analysis of covariance compared driving mobility between HI levels across time, adjusting for age, sex, race, hypertension, and stroke. Adjusting for these same covariates, Cox regression analyses examined incidence of driving cessation by HI across 3 years.
  
  
  
  Individuals with moderate or greater HI performed poorly on the UFOV, indicating increased risk for adverse driving events (p < .001). No significant differences were found among older adults with varying levels of HI for driving mobility (p values > .05), including driving cessation rates (p = .38), across time.
  
  
  
  Although prior research indicates older adults with HI may be at higher risk for crashes, they may not modify driving over time. Further exploration of this issue is required to optimize efforts to improve driving safety and mobility among older adults.
authors.affiliation: School of Aging Studies.
authors.forename: Jerri D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lister
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology.|Department of Geriatric Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Aging Studies.|International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andel
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, California.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Driving cessation; Driving mobility; Hearing impairment; Hearing loss; Older drivers