title: Changes in Dorsal Neck Muscle Function in Individuals with Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: A Real-Time Ultrasound Case-Control Study.
abstract: Impaired neck muscle function leads to disability in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD), but diagnostic tools are lacking. In this study, deformations and deformation rates were investigated in five dorsal neck muscles during 10 arm elevations by ultrasonography with speckle tracking analyses. Forty individuals with chronic WAD (28 women and 12 men, mean age = 37 y) and 40 healthy controls matched for age and sex were included. The WAD group had higher deformation rates in the multifidus muscle during the first (p < 0.04) and 10th (only women, p < 0.01) arm elevations compared with the control group. Linear relationships between the neck muscles for deformation rate (controls: R(2) = 0.24-0.82, WAD: R(2) = 0.05-0.74) and deformation of the deepest muscles (controls: R(2) = 0.61-0.32, WAD: R(2) = 0.15-0.01) were stronger for women in the control group versus women with WAD, indicating there is altered interplay between dorsal neck muscles in chronic WAD.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: gunnel.peterson@liu.se.
authors.forename: Gunnel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Dedering
authors.affiliation: Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trygg
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden; Public Health & Caring Sciences, Family Medicine & Preventive Medicine Section, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thorne
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wallman
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peolsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003199:Computer Systems; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Neck muscles; Spine; Ultrasonography; Whiplash injury