title: Effect of solvent type and ratio on betacyanins and antioxidant activity of extracts from Hylocereus polyrhizus flesh and peel by supercritical fluid extraction and solvent extraction.
abstract: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of solvent type and ratio as well as the extraction techniques (i.e. supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and conventional solvent extraction) on betacyanins and antioxidant activity of the peel and fresh extract from the red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The peel and flesh extracts obtained by SFE at 25MPa pressure and 10% EtOH/water (v/v) mixture as a co-solvent contained 24.58 and 91.27mg/100ml total betacyanin, respectively; while the most desirable solvent extraction process resulted in a relatively higher total betacyanin in the peel and flesh extracts (28.44 and 120.28mg/100ml, respectively). The major betacyanins identified in the pitaya peel and flesh extracts were betanin, isobetanin, phyllocactin, butyrylbetanin, isophyllocactin and iso-butyrylbetanin. The flesh extract had the stronger antioxidant activity than the peel extract when the higher proportion of ethanol to water (E/W) was applied for the extraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farahnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fathordoobady
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirhosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jinap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selamat
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: myazid@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mohd Yazid Abd
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Manap
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D050859:Betacyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D029421:Cactaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D050859:Betacyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C508222:phyllocactin; C020228:betanin
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Betacyanins; Hylocereus polyrhizus; Red pitaya; Solvent extraction; Supercritical fluid extraction