title: In vivo tracking of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation in Xenopus laevis during tail regeneration.
abstract: Xenopus laevis tadpoles can completely regenerate their appendages, such as tail and limbs, and therefore provide a unique model to decipher the molecular mechanisms of organ regeneration in vertebrates. Epigenetic modifications are likely to be involved in this remarkable regeneration capacity, but they remain largely unknown. To examine the involvement of histone modification during organ regeneration, we generated transgenic X. laevis ubiquitously expressing a fluorescent modification-specific intracellular antibody (Mintbody) that is able to track histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) in vivo through nuclear enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fluorescence. In embryos ubiquitously expressing H3K9ac-Mintbody, robust fluorescence was observed in the nuclei of somites. Interestingly, H3K9ac-Mintbody signals predominantly accumulated in nuclei of regenerating notochord at 24 h postamputation following activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, apocynin (APO), an inhibitor of ROS production, attenuated H3K9ac-Mintbody signals in regenerating notochord. Our results suggest that ROS production is involved in acetylation of H3K9 in regenerating notochord at the onset of tail regeneration. We also show this transgenic Xenopus to be a useful tool to investigate epigenetic modification, not only in organogenesis but also in organ regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki, Nissin, 470-0195, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichirou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.affiliation: Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.|Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 445-8585, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki, Nissin, 470-0195, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 445-8585, Aichi, Japan.|Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.|Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 445-8585, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-ichi T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D047108:Embryonic Development; D042421:Histone Code; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration; D013623:Tail / Q000502:physiology; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D029867:Xenopus Proteins