title: Ridge Preservation Using Composite Alloplastic Materials: A Randomized Control Clinical and Histological Study in Humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate (clinically, histologically, and histo-morphometrically) the use of composite materials (Biphasic calcium sulphate [BCS] with β Tri-Calcium Phosphate (β-TCP) and Hydroxyapatite [HA]) in extraction socket sites and compare it to un-disturbed natural healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical trial of 36 patients (40 extraction sockets) were randomly assigned to either test or control group. Alveolar ridge horizontal dimension was measured in the middle of the socket at crest and 3 and 6 mm subcrestally. Crestal vertical height was measured at baseline surgery and at 4 month re-entry, at which time bone core biopsies were harvested from the center of the edentulous ridge. Histo-morphometric evaluation of the samples was performed using hematoxylin & eosin stains and morphometric software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in horizontal ridge width was higher in the control compared to the experimental group: 2.28 ± 2.36 mm versus 0.03 ± 2.32 mm (p = .007) at -3 mm and 2.28 ± 2.43 versus 0.035 ± 3.05 (p = .02) at -6 mm, for the experimental and control sites, respectively. The vertical distance form bone crest to neighboring horizontal line interconnecting the neighboring teeth was minimal in both groups (0.307 ± 2.01 mm versus 0.14 ± 2.03 mm [p = 0.41]). Residual scaffolds occupied 15.99 ± 11.4% of the volume in the grafted (test) sites while bone area fraction was not statistically different among the groups (47.7 ± 10.6% versus 52.6 ± 11.6%, test versus control, respectively p = .39). The percentage of connective tissue in the control group was significantly higher that test group (36.3 ± 19.4% versus 46.7 ± 10.6% test versus control, respectively, p = .013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ridge preservation technique using a combination of two synthetic bone grafts β-TCP and HA with BCS resulted in greater stability in the horizontal dimension after 4 months.
authors.affiliation: Doctor, School of Graduate Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yaniv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Head of Lab of Bone Regeneration, School of Graduate Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zigdon-Giladi
authors.affiliation: Professor, Head of the School of Graduate Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Eli E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Machtei
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000601:surgery*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D003188:Composite Resins; D017886:Durapatite; D006801:Humans; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D020390:Tooth Socket
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D011140:Polyurethanes; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; C018392:tricalcium phosphate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate
keywords: alloplast; beta TCP; bi phasic calcium sulphate; bone regeneration; bone resorption; socket preservation