title: A Two-Component Regulatory System in Transcriptional Control of Photosystem Stoichiometry: Redox-Dependent and Sodium Ion-Dependent Phosphoryl Transfer from Cyanobacterial Histidine Kinase Hik2 to Response Regulators Rre1 and RppA.
abstract: Two-component systems (TCSs) are ubiquitous signaling units found in prokaryotes. A TCS consists of a sensor histidine kinase and a response regulator protein as signal transducers. These regulatory systems mediate acclimation to various environmental changes by coupling environmental cues to gene expression. Hik2 is a sensor histidine kinase and its gene is found in all cyanobacteria. Hik2 is the homolog of Chloroplast Sensor Kinase (CSK), a protein involved in redox regulation of chloroplast gene expression during changes in light quality in plants and algae. Here we describe biochemical characterization of the signaling mechanism of Hik2 and its phosphotransferase activity. Results presented here indicate that Hik2 undergoes autophosphorylation on a conserved histidine residue, and becomes rapidly dephosphorylated by the action of response regulators Rre1 and RppA. We also show that the autophosphorylation of Hik2 is specifically inhibited by sodium ions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Iskander M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Sujith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puthiyaveetil
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London London, UK.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Allen
keywords: Chloroplast Sensor Kinase (CSK); Histidine Kinase 2; Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803; photosystem stoichiometry; redox regulator; redox sensor; salt stress; transcriptional control