title: Development of a new direct liquid injection system for nanoparticle deposition by chemical vapor deposition using nanoparticle solutions.
abstract: Nanoparticles of different materials are already in use for many applications. In some applications, these nanoparticles need to be deposited on a substrate in a fast and reproducible way. We have developed a new direct liquid injection system for nanoparticle deposition by chemical vapor deposition using a liquid nanoparticle precursor. The system was designed to deposit nanoparticles in a controlled and reproducible way by using two direct liquid injectors to deliver nanoparticles to the system. The nanoparticle solution is first evaporated and then the nanoparticles flow onto a substrate inside the vacuum chamber. To allow injection and evaporation of the liquid, a direct liquid injection and vaporization system are mounted on top of the process chamber. The deposition of the nanoparticles is controlled by parameters such as deposition temperature, partial pressure of the gases, and flow rate of the nanoparticle suspension. The concentration of the deposited nanoparticles can be varied simply by changing the flow rate and deposition time. We demonstrate the capabilities of this system using gold nanoparticles. The selected suspension flow rates were varied between 0.25 and 1 g/min. AFM analysis of the deposited samples showed that the aggregation of gold nanoparticles is well controlled by the flow and deposition parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vervaele
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Roo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Deschaume
authors.affiliation: DCA Instruments, 20360 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajala
authors.affiliation: Kemstream, 34055 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Herve
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guillon
authors.affiliation: IBM Research, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marilyne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Haesendonck
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Locquet