title: Why perimenopausal women should consider to use a levonorgestrel intrauterine system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is useful in preventing pregnancy and for the treatment of menstrual disturbances. A smooth or symptom-free transition to and through menopause is possible when LNG-IUS is combined with estrogen therapy. Unfortunately the majority of physicians are generally unaware of this usefulness combined hormonal therapy in the pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on long-term clinical experience with LNG-IUS in the form of Femilis®, 104 women where followed from the premenopause through the menopausal transition into the postmenopause. These perimenopausal women received supplemental 17 β-estradiol by gel or patch, or orally as estradiol valerate. Patients received one or two separate Femilis insertions at 5 year intervals. Main outcome measures included acceptability and continued use of the combined regimen for the treatment of climacteric symptoms and for prevention of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and other adverse effects caused by estrogen deprivation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at insertion was 48 years (range 28-58) and the total duration of use was 137 months (range 80-161). The Femilis LNG-IUS was well tolerated as the number of removals for LNG-IUS-related reasons was low. The LNG-IUS was well retained in the uterine cavity as no expulsions were observed. Seven women were lost to follow-up. Eighty-six women (82%) opted for replacement of an LNG-IUS at expiry after 5 years and continued with the estrogen therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine progestogen delivery for endometrial suppression in combination with estrogen therapy in the symptomatic perimenopausal women is highly practical as it combines the benefits of prevention of endometrial proliferation and treatment of menorrhagia and hyperplasia, if present. In addition, the contraceptive effect of locally administered LNG is highly desirable as many perimenopausal women run considerable risk of unintended pregnancy. For these reasons, the author views this regimen as one of the most effective, safest and best accepted route resulting in high patient compliance. It is important to convey this message to general practitioners as well as women.
authors.affiliation: a Gynecological Outpatient Clinic and IUD Training Center - Drug Delivery Research in Women's Health , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wildemeersch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D047648:Perimenopause / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel
keywords: Contraception; EPT; LNG-IUS; menopausal transition; perimenopause