title: Cytotoxic monacolins from red yeast rice, a Chinese medicine and food.
abstract: Seven new monacolins, monacolins Q-S (1-3), α,β-dehydromonacolin S (4), 3α-hydroxy-3,5-dihydromonacolin L (5), 3β-hydroxy-3,5-dihydromonacolin L (6), and α,β-hydromonacolin Q (7) were isolated and characterized from the methanol extract of red yeast rice. In addition, six known monacolins, α,β-dehydrodihydromonacolin K (8), dehydromonacolin K (9), dehydromonacolin L (10), monacolin K (11), dihydromonacolin K (12), dihydromonacolin L (13) and two compounds other than monacolins (14, 15) were also isolated. Structure elucidation of the isolates was achieved by means of NMR and mass spectroscopic data analyses. Compounds 1-5, 8, 9, 11, and 13 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines (SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3) and two noncancerous kidney cell lines (LLC-PK1 and Vero). Monacolin Q (1), monacolin R (2) α,β-dehydrodihydromonacolin K (8), dehydromonacolin K (9), and monacolin K (11) showed cytotoxicity to most of these cell lines in terms of inhibition of cell proliferation. The cytotoxicity of monacolin K (11) was the most potent among all the tested monacolins.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States.
authors.forename: Zhihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States.
authors.forename: Zulfiqar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States.
authors.forename: Shabana I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States. Electronic address: ikhan@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes; C117343:red yeast rice; C045373:dihydromonacolin L; D008148:Lovastatin
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Monacolins; Red yeast rice