title: Effectiveness of stress management in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the utilization of stress management in relieving anxiety and pain among patients who undergo transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy of the prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients admitted to a community hospital for a TRUS biopsy of the prostate participated in this case-controlled study. They were divided into an experimental group that was provided with stress management and a control group that received only routine nursing care. Stress management included music therapy and one-on-one simulation education. Before and after the TRUS biopsy, the patients' state-anxiety inventory score, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in baseline and disease characteristics between the two groups. The VAS in both groups increased after the TRUS biopsy, but the difference in pre- and postbiopsy VAS scores was significantly lower in the experimental group (P=0.03). Patients in both groups experienced mild anxiety before and after the biopsy, but those in the experimental group displayed a significantly greater decrease in postbiopsy state-anxiety inventory score compared to the control group (P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress management can alleviate anxiety and pain in patients who received a TRUS biopsy of the prostate under local anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; University of Taipei, General Education Center, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Pin
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Department of Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Heng-Hsin
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Department of Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kuan-Chia
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Saint Shiou-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Chiu
keywords: anxiety; pain; stress management; transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate