title: Entrapment of anaerobic thermophilic and hyperthermophilic marine micro-organisms in a gellan/xanthan matrix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were (i) to develop a protocol for the entrapment of anaerobic (hyper)thermophilic marine micro-organisms; (ii) to test the use of the chosen polymers in a range of physical and chemical conditions and (iii) to validate the method with batch cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best conditions for immobilization were obtained at 80°C with gellan and xanthan gums. After 5-week incubation, beads showed a good resistance to all tested conditions except those simultaneously including high temperature (100°C), low NaCl (<0∙5 mol l(-1) ) and extreme pH (4/8). To confirm the method efficiency, batch cultures with immobilized Thermosipho sp. strain AT1272 and Thermococcus kodakarensis strain KOD1 showed an absence of detrimental effect on cell viability and a good growth within and outside the beads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that entrapment in a gellan-xanthan matrix could be employed for the culture of anaerobic (hyper)thermophilic marine micro-organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (Hyper)thermophilic marine micro-organisms possess a high biotechnological potential. Generally microbial cells are grown as free-cell cultures. The use of immobilized cells may offer several advantages such as protection against phage attack, high cell biomass and better production rate of desired metabolites.
authors.affiliation: UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, IFREMER, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landreau
authors.affiliation: UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, IFREMER, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duthoit
authors.affiliation: LISA EA4672, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Claeys-Bruno
authors.affiliation: UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, IFREMER, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vandenabeele-Trambouze
authors.affiliation: LIMATB, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne/Equipe Rhéologie, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Brest, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.affiliation: UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, IFREMER, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godfroy
authors.affiliation: UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, IFREMER, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Blay
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D019712:Thermococcus / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C048288:gellan gum; C002563:xanthan gum
keywords: (hyper)thermophilic marine micro-organisms; anaerobiosis; entrapment; gellan; immobilization; xanthan