title: Report on Adaptive Force, A Specific Neuromuscular Function.
abstract: In real life motions, as well as in sports, the adaptation of the neuromuscular systems to externally applied forces plays an important role. The term Adaptive Force (AF) shall characterize the ability of the nerve-muscle-system to adapt to impacting external forces during isometric and eccentric muscle action. The focus in this paper is on the concept of this neuromuscular action, which is not yet described in this way. A measuring system was constructed and evaluated for this specific neuromuscular function, but only the main information of the evaluation of the measuring system and the preliminary reference values are mentioned here, while an article with detailed description will be published separately. This paper concentrates on the three following points: 1) What is the peculiarity of this neuromuscular function, introduced as AF? 2) Is the measuring system able to capture its specific characteristics and which phases of measurement occur? 3) It seems reasonable to discuss if AF can be distinguished and classified among the known force concepts. The article describes the measuring system and how it is able to capture special features of real life motions like submaximal intensities and the subjects' option to react adequately on external varying forces. Furthermore, within one measurement the system records three different force qualities: the isometric submaximal Adaptive Force (AFiso), the maximal isometric Adaptive Force (AFisomax) and the maximal eccentric Adaptive Force (AFeccmax). Each of these phases provide different and unique information on the nerve-muscle-system that are discussed in detail. Important, in terms of the Adaptive Force, seems to be the combination of conditional and coordinative abilities. This project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Economy and Technology (Project ZIM KF2262301FO9).
authors.affiliation: Section Regulative Physiology and Prevention, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam , Germany.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.affiliation: Section Regulative Physiology and Prevention, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam , Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Section Regulative Physiology and Prevention, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam , Germany.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heinke
authors.affiliation: Section Regulative Physiology and Prevention, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam , Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bittmann
keywords: Adaptive Force; isometric-eccentric force; muscle action; pneumatic force measuring system