title: Effects of Voluntary Locomotion and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on the Dynamics of Single Dural Vessels in Awake Mice.
abstract: The dura mater is a vascularized membrane surrounding the brain and is heavily innervated by sensory nerves. Our knowledge of the dural vasculature has been limited to pathological conditions, such as headaches, but little is known about the dural blood flow regulation during behavior. To better understand the dynamics of dural vessels during behavior, we used two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) to measure the diameter changes of single dural and pial vessels in the awake mouse during voluntary locomotion. Surprisingly, we found that voluntary locomotion drove the constriction of dural vessels, and the dynamics of these constrictions could be captured with a linear convolution model. Dural vessel constrictions did not mirror the large increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) during locomotion, indicating that dural vessel constriction was not caused passively by compression. To study how behaviorally driven dynamics of dural vessels might be altered in pathological states, we injected the vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which induces headache in humans. CGRP dilated dural, but not pial, vessels and significantly reduced spontaneous locomotion but did not block locomotion-induced constrictions in dural vessels. Sumatriptan, a drug commonly used to treat headaches, blocked the vascular and behavioral the effects of CGRP. These findings suggest that, in the awake animal, the diameters of dural vessels are regulated dynamically during behavior and during drug-induced pathological states.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and.
authors.forename: Yu-Rong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-6757
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 pjd17@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-7378
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Drew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
keywords: CGRP; dural vessel; locomotion; pial vessel; sumatriptan; two-photon microscopy