title: Anti-VEGF-Induced Hypertension: a Review of Pathophysiology and Treatment Options.
abstract: Abnormal intracellular signaling has been implicated in the development of many different types of cancer. Therapies targeting these abnormal pathways have revolutionized the treatment of many malignancies leading to significantly improved outcomes and survival. Despite these advances, cardiovascular toxicity is a frequently reported complication. Angiogenesis is the physiologic process of new blood vessel development and can be dysregulated in some forms of cancer. VEGF inhibitors are the pharmaceutical agents targeting this pathway; however hypertension is a commonly observed toxicity which can have significant adverse consequences including premature cessation of therapy if adequate blood pressure control cannot be achieved. This review will provide a comprehensive discussion about hypertension due to VEGF inhibition, focusing on pathophysiology, frequently used agents, and available treatment options for VEGF-induced hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. bryan.brinda@moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Brinda
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA. fviganego@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viganego
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. teresavo@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. dawn.dolan@moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA. mfradley@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fradley
keywords: Angiogenesis; Cardio-oncology; Cardiotoxicity; Hypertension; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors; VEGF inhibitors