title: Dissemination of thermodynamic temperature above the freezing point of silver.
abstract: The mise-en-pratique for the definition of the kelvin at high temperatures will formally allow dissemination of thermodynamic temperature either directly or mediated through high-temperature fixed points (HTFPs). In this paper, these two distinct dissemination methods are evaluated, namely source-based and detector-based. This was achieved by performing two distinct dissemination trials: one based on HTFPs, the other based on absolutely calibrated radiation thermometers or filter radiometers. These trials involved six national metrology institutes in Europe in the frame of the European Metrology Research Programme joint project 'Implementing the new kelvin' (InK). The results have shown that both dissemination routes are possible, with similar standard uncertainties of 1-2 K, over the range 1273-2773 K, showing that, depending on the facilities available in the laboratory, it will soon be possible to disseminate thermodynamic temperatures above 1273 K to users by either of the two methods with uncertainties comparable to the current temperature scale.
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie, LNE-Cnam, 61 rue du Landy, St Denis 93210, France mohamed.sadli@cnam.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-4115
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadli
authors.affiliation: Engineering Measurement Division, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-6951
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Machin
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, Berlin 10587, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-0641
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anhalt
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie, LNE-Cnam, 61 rue du Landy, St Denis 93210, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bourson
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie, LNE-Cnam, 61 rue du Landy, St Denis 93210, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-4264
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Briaudeau
authors.affiliation: Centro Español de Metrologia (CEM), C/del Alfar, 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: del Campo
authors.affiliation: Tubitak Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (TUBITAK UME), Gebze/Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-0250
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diril
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie, LNE-Cnam, 61 rue du Landy, St Denis 93210, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kozlova
authors.affiliation: Engineering Measurement Division, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Centro Español de Metrologia (CEM), C/del Alfar, 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mantilla Amor
authors.affiliation: Centro Español de Metrologia (CEM), C/del Alfar, 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Engineering Measurement Division, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
authors.forename: H C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-7913
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.affiliation: Thermal and Mass Metrology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Centre for Metrology MIKES, Espoo 02150, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ojanen-Saloranta
authors.affiliation: Tubitak Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (TUBITAK UME), Gebze/Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Pehlivan
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie, LNE-Cnam, 61 rue du Landy, St Denis 93210, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rougié
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Metrology Department, Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie, LNE-Cnam, 61 rue du Landy, St Denis 93210, France Radiometry and Photometry Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS), President Sadat Street, El-Haram, PO Box 136, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: S G R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1805-5678
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Salim
keywords: filter radiometer; high-temperature fixed points; radiation thermometer; thermodynamic temperature