title: Efficacy of medical grade honey in the management of canine otitis externa - a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance within otic pathogens has created a need for alternative therapies of otitis externa (OE). Evidence suggests that medical grade honey (MGH) may be effective against drug-resistant pathogens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of a commercial MGH compound was assessed in an open clinical trial. We hypothesized that it would be an effective alternative to conventional treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned dogs (n = 15) with a confirmed diagnosis of infectious OE were enrolled in this pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were prescribed MGH (1 mL daily per ear) until cure was achieved or for a maximum of 21 d. Evaluation was based on weekly clinical scores, cytological progression and owner assessments of pruritus. Swab samples were submitted for culture and susceptibility testing. MGH was tested for biocidal activity against the bacterial isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medical grade honey promoted rapid clinical progress, with 70% of dogs achieving clinical cure between days 7 and 14 and over 90% having resolved by Day 21. There was a decrease in clinical scores throughout the duration of the trial (P < 0.001) and owner-assessed pruritus also decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In vitro assays of the biocidal activity of MGH showed activity against all bacterial isolates, including meticillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and other species of drug-resistant bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical grade honey was successful in both clinical and laboratory settings, thus demonstrating its potential of becoming an alternative treatment for canine OE.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maruhashi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Berta São
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Braz
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Telmo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Constança
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pomba
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Duarte-Correia
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Mafalda
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lourenço
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D006722:Honey; D009181:Mycoses / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010032:Otitis Externa / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*