title: The Role of MicroRNAs in Resistance to Current Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: Translational Studies and Basic Protocols for Extraction and PCR Analysis.
abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common cause of cancer death and has the worst prognosis of any major malignancy, with less than 5 % of patients alive 5-years after diagnosis. The therapeutic options for metastatic PDAC have changed in the past few years from single agent gemcitabine treatment to combination regimens. Nowadays, FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel are new standard combinations in frontline metastatic setting in PDAC patients with good performance status. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNA molecules affecting important cellular processes such as inhibition of apoptosis, cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastases, and resistance to common cytotoxic and anti-signaling therapy in PDAC. A functional association between miRNAs and chemoresistance has been described for several common therapies. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the resistance to current anticancer treatment used for patients affected by metastatic PDAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA 1.42, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.|Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garajová
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA 1.42, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.|Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tessa Y S
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Le Large
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA 1.42, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.|Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovannetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kazemier
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA 1.42, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands. gj.peters@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Godefridus J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D048348:Reverse Transcription; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Drug resistance; MicroRNAs; Pancreatic cancer; Prognosis