title: Investigations of Enantiopure Nicotine Haptens Using an Adjuvanting Carrier in Anti-Nicotine Vaccine Development.
abstract: Despite efforts to produce suitable smoking cessation aids, addiction to nicotine continues to carry a substantive risk of recidivism. An attractive alternative to current therapies is the pharmacokinetic strategy of antinicotine vaccination. A major hurdle in the development of the strategy has been to elicit a sufficiently high antibody concentration to curb nicotine distribution to the brain. Herein, we detail investigations into a new hapten design, which was able to elicit an antibody response of significantly higher specificity for nicotine. We also explore the use of a mutant flagellin carrier protein with adjuvanting properties. These studies underlie the feasibility of improvement in antinicotine vaccine formulations to move toward clinical efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lockner
authors.affiliation: Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schlosburg
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Beverly A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Eubanks
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Kim D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Janda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005408:Flagellin / Q000737:chemistry; D006241:Haptens; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014612:Vaccines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D006241:Haptens; D014612:Vaccines; D005408:Flagellin; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D009538:Nicotine