title: Hologenome analysis of two marine sponges with different microbiomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sponges (Porifera) harbor distinct microbial consortia within their mesohyl interior. We herein analysed the hologenomes of Stylissa carteri and Xestospongia testudinaria, which notably differ in their microbiome content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our analysis revealed that S. carteri has an expanded repertoire of immunological domains, specifically Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich (SRCR)-like domains, compared to X. testudinaria. On the microbial side, metatranscriptome analyses revealed an overrepresentation of potential symbiosis-related domains in X. testudinaria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide genomic insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying host-symbiont coevolution and may serve as a roadmap for future hologenome analyses.
authors.affiliation: KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. TaewooRyu16@apcc21.org.|Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. TaewooRyu16@apcc21.org.|Present address: APEC Climate Center, Busan, 48058, South Korea. TaewooRyu16@apcc21.org.
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authors.affiliation: KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. loqmane.seridi@kaust.edu.sa.|Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. loqmane.seridi@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia. lucmoitinho@gmail.com.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, UK. matt.oates@bristol.ac.uk.
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authors.affiliation: Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. yijin.liew@kaust.edu.sa.|Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. yijin.liew@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.|Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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authors.affiliation: Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. annika@kiwinewf.com.
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authors.affiliation: Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. feras.lafi@kaust.edu.sa.|Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. feras.lafi@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. marija.kupresanin@kaust.edu.sa.|Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. marija.kupresanin@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. majed.alzahrani@kaust.edu.sa.|Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. majed.alzahrani@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. sebastian.baumgarten@kaust.edu.sa.|Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. sebastian.baumgarten@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. manuel.aranda@kaust.edu.sa.|Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. manuel.aranda@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. christian.voolstra@kaust.edu.sa.|Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. christian.voolstra@kaust.edu.sa.
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authors.affiliation: KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. timothy.ravasi@kaust.edu.sa.|Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. timothy.ravasi@kaust.edu.sa.
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mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016678:Genome; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D011161:Porifera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D051116:Receptors, Scavenger