title: Heterogeneous Phase Microwave-Assisted Reactions under CO₂ or CO Pressure.
abstract: The present review deals with the recent achievements and impressive potential applications of microwave (MW) heating to promote heterogeneous reactions under gas pressure. The high versatility of the latest generation of professional reactors combines extreme reaction conditions with safer and more efficient protocols. The double aims of this survey are to provide a panoramic snapshot of MW-assisted organic reactions with gaseous reagents, in particular CO and CO₂, and outline future applications. Stubborn and time-consuming carbonylation-like heterogeneous reactions, which have not yet been studied under dielectric heating, may well find an outstanding ally in the present protocol.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and NIS-Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy. emanuela.calcio@unito.it.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calcio Gaudino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and NIS-Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy. laura.rinaldi@unito.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and NIS-Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy. laura.rotolo@unito.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rotolo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and NIS-Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy. diego.carnaroglio@unito.it.|Milestone srl, Via Fatebenefratelli, 1-5, Sorisole 24010, Italy. diego.carnaroglio@unito.it.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carnaroglio
authors.affiliation: Milestone srl, Via Fatebenefratelli, 1-5, Sorisole 24010, Italy. c.pirola@milestonesrl.com.
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirola
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and NIS-Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy. giancarlo.cravotto@unito.it.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cravotto
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes / Q000737:chemistry; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008872:Microwaves; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: CO carbonylation; CO2 insertion; gas pressure; heterogeneous phase; microwave-assisted organic reactions