title: Spring viraemia of carp virus: recent advances.
abstract: Spring viraemia of carp is an environmentally and economically important disease affecting cyprinids, primarily common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The causative agent of this disease is Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) - a member of the genus Vesiculovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae. The disease is presently endemic in Europe, America and several Asian countries, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality in affected fish. SVCV infection is generally associated with exophthalmia; abdominal distension; petechial haemorrhage of the skin, gills, eyes and internal organs; degeneration of the gill lamellae; a swollen and coarse-textured spleen; hepatic necrosis; enteritis; and pericarditis. The SVCV genome is composed of linear, negative-sense, ssRNA containing five genes in the order 3'-N-P-M-G-L-5', encoding a nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, glycoprotein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, respectively. Fully sequenced SVCV strains exhibit distinct amino acid substitutions at unique positions, which may contribute to as-yet unknown strain-specific characteristics. To advance the study of SVCV and the control of spring viraemia of carp disease in the future, this review summarizes our current understanding of SVCV in terms of its genomic characteristics, genetic diversity and pathogenesis, and provides insights into antiviral immunity against SVCV, diagnosis of SVCV and vaccination strategies to combat SVCV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina.|Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina.|State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina.
authors.forename: Usama
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina.|Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina.|Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina.
authors.forename: Junfa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina.|Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina.|Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina.
authors.forename: Xueqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D014766:Viremia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines