title: Mouse Models of Tumor Immunotherapy.
abstract: Immunotherapy is now evolving into a major therapeutic option for cancer patients. Such clinical advances also promote massive interest in the search for novel immunotherapy targets, and to understand the mechanism of action of current drugs. It is projected that a series of novel immunotherapy agents will be developed and assessed for their therapeutic activity. In light of this, in vivo experimental mouse models that recapitulate human malignancies serve as valuable tools to validate the efficacy and safety profile of immunotherapy agents, before their transition into clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the major classes of experimental mouse models of cancer commonly used for immunotherapy assessment and provide examples to guide the selection of appropriate models. We present some new data concerning the utility of a carcinogen-induced tumor model for comparing immunotherapies and combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy. We will also highlight some recent advances in experimental modeling of human malignancies in mice that are leading towards personalized therapy in patients.
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Shin Foong
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ngiow
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Sherene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loi
authors.affiliation: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: mark.smyth@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Carcinogen; Gene-engineered; Immunotherapy; Metastasis; Mouse tumor models; Resistance; T cell