title: Recent developments in nanowires for bio-applications from molecular to cellular levels.
abstract: This review highlights the most promising applications of nanowires for bioanalytical chemistry and medical diagnostics. The materials discussed here are metal oxide and Si semiconductors, which are integrated with various microfluidic systems. Nanowire structures offer desirable advantages such as a very small diameter size with a high aspect ratio and a high surface-to-volume ratio without grain boundaries; consequently, nanowires are promising tools to study biological systems. This review starts with the integration of nanowire structures into microfluidic systems, followed by the discussion of the advantages of nanowire structures in the separation, manipulation and purification of biomolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins). Next, some representative nanowire devices are introduced for biosensors from molecular to cellular levels based on electrical and optical approaches. Finally, we conclude the review by highlighting some bio-applications for nanowires and presenting the next challenges that must be overcome to improve the capabilities of nanowire structures for biological and medical systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. sakon.rahong@apchem.nagoya-u yasui@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp babaymtt@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Sakon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahong
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. sakon.rahong@apchem.nagoya-u yasui@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp babaymtt@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and JST, PRESTO, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. sakon.rahong@apchem.nagoya-u yasui@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp babaymtt@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Noritada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. sakon.rahong@apchem.nagoya-u yasui@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp babaymtt@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA