title: Primary Open Angle Glaucoma is Associated with MR Biomarkers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.
abstract: This prospective study tests the hypotheses that: 1) glaucoma is associated with evidence of cerebral small vessel disease; 2) that imaging biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease in POAG and NTG will show different characteristics. 12 normal controls, 7 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 9 patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) were recruited. Ophthalmological clinical assessment and MR imaging of the brain were performed. MR imaging was used to quantify white matter lesion load, frequency of dilated perivascular spaces (PVS) and abnormalities in cerebral hydrodynamics. Patients with POAG had significantly greater white matter lesion load (p < 0.05), more PVS in the centrum semiovale (p < 0.05) and had higher overall PVS scores than controls (p < 0.05). In the POAG group, optic cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) was positively correlated with deep white matter hyperintensities (R(2) = 0.928, p < 0.01). Mean deviation on the Humphrey visual field assessment was negatively correlated with deep white matter lesion load (R(2) = -0.840, p < 0.01), total white matter lesion load (R(2) = -0.928, p < 0.01) and total PVS (R(2) = -0.820, p < 0.01). MR evidence of cerebral small vessel disease is strongly associated with a diagnosis of POAG and with the severity of abnormalities in CDR and visual field.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mercieca
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, 27 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, 27 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steeples
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, 27 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.affiliation: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, 27 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D059345:Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers