title: West Nile Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System.
abstract: West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic single-stranded flavivirus has been the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis worldwide.  Up to 50% of WNV convalescent patients in the United States were reported to have long-term neurological sequelae.  Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available for humans.  Animal models have been used to investigate WNV pathogenesis and host immune response in humans.  In this review, we will discuss recent findings from studies in animal models of WNV infection, and provide new insights on WNV pathogenesis and WNV-induced host immunity in the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Evandro R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Huanle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: West Nile Virus; arboviral encephalitis; central nervous system infection; flavivirus; west nile virus infection in central nervous system