title: Tumor CTLA-4 overexpression predicts poor survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: The expression levels of CTLA-4 and CD28 were analyzed in 191 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients diagnosed and treated at our hospital between January 2010 and November 2011. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate (91.4% vs. 81.2%,p = 0.043), failure-free survival (FFS) rate (82.8% vs. 68.0%, p = 0.009) and distant failure-free survival (D-FFS) rate (85.8% vs. 72.3%, p = 0.006) in the low tumor CTLA-4 expression group was higher than in the high tumor CTLA-4 group. There were no differences between the locoregional failure-free survival (LR-FFS) rates in the high and low tumor CTLA-4 expression groups. Moreover, no differences in the OS, FFS, D-FFS, or LR-FFS were observed between the groups with high and low lymphocyte CTLA-4 levels, high and low tumor CD28 levels, or high and low lymphocyte CD28 levels. Cox regression analysis confirmed the prognostic value of tumor CTLA-4 expression, particularly for D-FFS, in NPC patients (p = 0.044). NPC patients with high tumor CTLA-4 expression had a poorer prognosis than those with low expression.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Quan
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ting
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Mai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human
keywords: CD28; CTLA-4; immunohistochemistry; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; prognostic factor