title: Endoscopy versus fluoroscopy for the placement of postpyloric nasoenteric tubes in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: Early postpyloric nasoenteric nutrition is considered an accepted method of nutritional support in critically ill patients. Both endoscopy and fluoroscopy placement of postpyloric nasoenteric tubes (PNTs) have the highest percentages of placement success rate. We aimed to evaluate the differences in efficacy and safety between endoscopy and fluoroscopy methods for the placement of PNTs in critically ill patients.
  
  
  
  We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and electronic databases of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopy and fluoroscopy placement of PNTs in critically ill patients. Two reviewers assessed the quality of each study and collected data independently. We performed the meta-analysis with Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.3.
  
  
  
  Three randomized controlled trials involving 243 patients were included. There were no significant differences in the placement success rate (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.93, 1.06; z = 0.20, P = .84,) or procedure time (standardized mean difference, -0.08; 95% CI, -6.93, 6.77; z = 0.02, P = .98) between the 2 groups. No severe complications (digestive tract hemorrhage, perforation, respiratory problems, hemodynamic instability, or death) were noted in the three studies. There was a slight difference in the incidence of minor complications (RR, 8.12; 95% CI, 1.07, 61.53; z = 2.03, P = .04) between the 2 groups.
  
  
  
  Endoscopy and fluoroscopy placement of PNTs can be accurately and safely performed in critically ill patients. Endoscopy may be at least equally as safe as fluoroscopy for the placement of PNTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China;. Electronic address: 151276953@qq.com.
authors.forename: Youfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China;. Electronic address: yinhaiyan1867@126.com.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China;. Electronic address: 63281796@qq.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China;. Electronic address: 1718768452@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China. Electronic address: Jianruiw@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianrui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Critically ill patients; Endoscopy; Enteral nutrition; Fluoroscopy; Meta-analysis; Postpyloric