title: Usefulness of Flow Cytometric Analysis for Detecting Leptomeningeal Diseases in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical usefulness of flow cytometry (FCM) for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal diseases (LMD) in non-Hodgkin lymphomas has been suggested in previous studies but needs to be further validated. With this regards, we evaluated the use of FCM for LMD in a series of Korean patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  FCM and cytomorphology were conducted using samples obtained from clinically suspected LMD patients, follow-up LMD patients, and those with high risk of developing tumorigenic diseases. We then compared results of FCM and cytomorphology. In total, 55 and 47 CSF samples were analyzed by FCM and cytomorphology, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the samples analyzed, 25.5% (14/55) and 12.8% (6/47) were positive by FCM and cytomorphology, respectively. No samples were determined as negative by FCM but positive by cytomorphology. Seven patients were positive only by FCM and negative by cytomorphology, and six among them were clinically confirmed to have LMD either by follow-up cytomorphology or imaging study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a high detection rate of tumor cells by FCM compared with cytomorphology. FCM study can be useful in early sensitive detection of LMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.|Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. LEE.ST@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Seung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Patholgy, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Lyun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Seog
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. sunnyhk@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Sun Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005947:Glucose / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: CSF; Flow cytometry; Leptomeningeal diseases