title: Toxic Keratopathy Following the Use of Alcohol-Containing Antiseptics in Nonocular Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Corneal abrasion is the most common ocular complication associated with nonocular surgery, but toxic keratopathy is rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients developed severe toxic keratopathy after orofacial surgery on the left side with general anesthesia. All patients underwent surgery in the right lateral tilt position with ocular protection but reported irritation and redness in their right eyes after the operation. Alcohol-containing antiseptic solutions were used for presurgical preparation. Ophthalmic examination showed decreased visual acuity ranging from 20/100 to 20/400, corneal edema and opacity, anterior chamber reaction, or stromal neovascularization in the patients' right eyes. Confocal microscopy showed moderate to severe loss of corneal endothelial cells in all patients. Despite prompt treatment with topical corticosteroids, these 3 patients eventually required cataract surgery, endothelial keratoplasty, or penetrating keratoplasty, respectively. After the operation, the patients' visual acuity improved to 20/30 or 20/40. Data analysis was conducted from December 6, 2010, to June 15, 2015.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol-containing antiseptic solutions may cause severe toxic keratopathy; this possibility should be considered in orofacial surgery management. Using alcohol-free antiseptic solutions in the periocular region and taking measures to protect the dependent eye in the lateral tilt position may reduce the risk of severe corneal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Ting
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Ting
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015715:Corneal Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000431:Ethanol