title: Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: novel MR imaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe novel MR imaging features, and clinical characteristics of soft tissue angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) at presentation, local recurrence, and metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We described the MRI findings of six cases of histologically proven AFH. Pathologic findings, clinical presentation, and outcome were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lesions were primarily cystic. At initial presentation, tumors were surrounded by low signal intensity fibrous pseudocapsule. High signal intensity consistent with the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate was seen in T2-weighted and post-contrast images as a rim over the hypointense pseudocapsule (double rim sign). High signal intensity infiltrating tumoral cords extended into adjacent tissues, through pseudocapsular defects on T2-weighted and post-contrast images. The cystic component and tumor cell nodularity were demonstrated at post-contrast images. Clinically, lesions were often thought to be benign, underwent marginal resection, developed local recurrence, and one developed second recurrence consisting of metastases. Recurrent tumors appeared as multiple masses, misinterpreted as post-surgical changes. An intramuscular recurrence demonstrated double rim and infiltrating margin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A predominantly well-circumscribed, primarily cystic mass with double-rim and marginal infiltration on MRI suggests the possibility of AFH, in particular in child or young adult. Inclusion of these novel observations in AFH differential diagnosis may have a significant impact on treatment and prevention of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. marti035@mc.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Salutario J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney Coursey
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Emily N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Vinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box #7525 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3312 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Brigman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D051677:Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Novel features