title: Gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome.
abstract: The gut microbiome contributes approximately 2kg of the whole body weight, and recent studies suggest that gut microbiota has a profound effect on human metabolism, potentially contributing to several features of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of metabolic disorders that include central adiposity with visceral fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia and non-optimal blood pressure levels. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is estimated that around 20-25 percent of the world's adult population has metabolic syndrome. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the existing data linking gut microbiome with metabolic syndrome. Existing evidence from studies both in animals and humans support a link between gut microbiome and various components of metabolic syndrome. Possible pathways include involvement with energy homeostasis and metabolic processes, modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, interferences with the immune system, and interference with the renin-angiotensin system. Modification of gut microbiota via prebiotics, probiotics or other dietary interventions has provided evidence to support a possible beneficial effect of interventions targeting gut microbiota modulation to treat components or complications of metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), West Beichen Road, Chaoyang, China.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazidi
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rezaie
authors.affiliation: Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Andre Pascal
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kengne
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: ghayourm@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Majid Ghayour
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mobarhan
authors.affiliation: Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Rm 342, Mayfield House, University of Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
keywords: Diet; Human gut; Metabolic syndrome; Microbiome