title: Liraglutide for treating type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many persons with type 1 diabetes do not achieve glycemic targets, why new treatments, complementary to insulin, are of interest. Liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist could be a potential pharmacological supplement to insulin. This review discusses the mechanism of actions, efficacy and safety of liraglutide as add-on to insulin in persons with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physiological and clinical data on liraglutide in type 1 diabetes were reviewed. We searched the Cochrane library, MEDLINE and EMBASE, with the final search performed February 16, 2016.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liraglutide as adjunct to insulin treatment reduced body weight and daily dose of insulin compared with insulin alone. The effect on HbA1c was inconsistent with mostly uncontrolled, small-scale studies reporting improvements in glycemic control. In placebo-controlled studies there was no clinically relevant effect on HbA1c. Adverse events were mostly transient gastrointestinal side effects, primarily nausea. Based on the available data, liraglutide cannot be recommended as add-on therapy to insulin in persons with type 1 diabetes with the aim to improve glycemic control. Ongoing trials in newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes and in insulin pump-treated patients will help define the future role of liraglutide therapy in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark.|b Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center , Gentofte , Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas Fremming
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Dejgaard
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian Seerup
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.affiliation: c NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.|d Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Juul
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark.|c NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madsbad
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054795:Incretins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D000069450:Liraglutide; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
keywords: GLP-1 receptor agonist; HbA1c; Type 1 diabetes; body weight; glucagon-like peptide-1; hypoglycaemia; liraglutide