title: Transformation of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives in Chinese steamed bread making, as affected by pH, yeast, and steaming time.
abstract: We hereby report the transformation of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives (3-ADON and 15-ADON) by spiking targeted mycotoxins to Fusarium mycotoxin-free flour in the process of making Chinese steamed bread (CSB). The impacts of pH, yeast level, and steaming time on the transformation of 3-ADON to DON were investigated. DON, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Spiked DON was stable throughout the CSB making process. Spiked 3-ADON and 15-ADON were partially deacetylated and transformed to DON during kneading (54.1-60.0% and 59.3-77.5%, respectively), fermentation (64.0-76.9% and 78.2-91.6%, respectively), and steaming (47.2-52.7% and 52.4-61.9%, respectively). The ADONs level increased after steaming compared with their level in the previous step. The pH level and steaming duration significantly (P<0.05) affected the conversion of 3-ADON during the CSB making process. Briefly, alkaline conditions and short steaming times favored the deacetylation of 3-ADON. The level of yeast did not remarkably (P<0.05) alter the transformation between ADONs and DON.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Cereal Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Cereal Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: wangbujun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Bujun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D013227:Steam; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D013227:Steam; D014255:Trichothecenes; C043247:3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; C046760:15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: 15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol; 3-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol; Mycotoxins; Processing parameter; Transformation; UPLC–MS/MS