title: Effects of NRG1 genotypes on orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in Japanese patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous reports have described differences in the distribution of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) sulcogyral patterns between patients with schizophrenia (SZ patients) and healthy controls (HC). Alterations in OFC morphology are also observed in those at high risk for developing SZ and in first-episode SZ, suggesting that genetic associations may be extant in determining OFC sulcogyral patterns. We investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in NRG1 and OFC sulcogyral patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 59 Japanese patients diagnosed with SZ and 60 HC were scanned on a 1.5-T magnet. Patients were also assessed clinically. OFC sulcogyral patterns were evaluated for each participant, and genotyping was performed for four SNP in NRG1 (SNP8NRG243177, SNP8NRG221533, SNP8NRG241930, and rs1081062).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the distribution of OFC sulcogyral patterns between SZ patients and HC (χ(2) = 6.52, P = 0.038). SZ patients showed an increase in the frequency of Type III expression, which was associated with an earlier age of disease onset (β = -0.302, F = 4.948, P = 0.030). Although no difference was found in genotype frequencies between SZ patients and HC, an NRG1 SNP, SNP8NRG243177, was associated with Type II expression in SZ patients (β = 0.237, F = 4.120, P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that OFC sulcogyral pattern formation in schizophrenia may be associated with NRG1 allele frequency, which is closely related to neurodevelopment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayano
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.|Kanagawa Psychiatric Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry/Child Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyama-Uehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asami
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience Boston VA Healthcare System-Brockton Division, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McCarley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.|VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shenton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayasu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C094131:NRG1 protein, human; D020890:Neuregulin-1
keywords: magnetic resonance imaging; neuregulin-1; orbitofrontal gyrus; schizophrenia; single nucleotide polymorphisms