title: Racotumomab for treating lung cancer and pediatric refractory malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Racotumomab (originally known as 1E10 mAb) is an anti-idiotype murine IgG1 directed to membrane glycoconjugates expressed in aggressive solid tumors. It was developed as a mirror image of the idiotype of another antibody against N-glycolyl-containing molecules, such as the NeuGcGM3 ganglioside. After a successful phase II/III study, racotumomab formulated in alum was conditionally approved in Latin American countries as maintenance therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review analyzes the biology of the target antigen, summarizes preclinical studies and discusses clinical trials in adults and the pediatric experience with racotumomab.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper patient selection and combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors appear to be critical issues to maximize the effects of racotumomab vaccination in lung cancer. In a recent phase I clinical trial in children with relapsed or resistant neuroectodermal malignancies, racotumomab was well tolerated and immunogenic, and its evaluation as immunotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma is warranted.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , National University of Quilmes , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariano R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gabri
authors.affiliation: b Hematology-Oncology Service , Pediatric Hospital Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cacciavillano
authors.affiliation: b Hematology-Oncology Service , Pediatric Hospital Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
authors.forename: Guillermo L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Chantada
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , National University of Quilmes , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside; C000590234:racotumomab; C044298:N-glycolylneuraminyllactosylceramide
keywords: Immunotherapy; N-glycolylated gangliosides; anti-idiotype antibody; neuroblastoma; non-small cell lung cancer; vaccine