title: Association of Sicca Syndrome with Proviral Load and Proinflammatory Cytokines in HTLV-1 Infection.
abstract: The Sjögren syndrome has been diagnosed in patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy and dry mouth and dry eyes are documented in HTLV-1 carriers. However the diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome in these subjects has been contested. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the role of immunological factors and proviral load, in sicca syndrome associated with HTLV-1 in patients without myelopathy. Subjects were recruited in the HTLV-1 Clinic, from 2009 to 2011. The proviral load and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-10) were obtained from a database containing the values presented by the subjects at admission in the clinic. Of the 272 participants, 59 (21.7%) had sicca syndrome and in all of them anti-Sjögren syndrome related antigen A (SSA) and antigen B (SSB) were negatives. The production of TNF-α and IFN-γ was higher in the group with sicca syndrome (P < 0.05) than in HTLV-1 infected subjects without sicca syndrome. Our data indicates that patients with sicca syndrome associated with HTLV-1 do not have Sjögren syndrome. However the increased production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in this group of patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of sicca syndrome associated with HTLV-1.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, 40025-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Otolaryngology, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clara Mônica
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases (CNPq/MCT), 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dourado
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, 40025-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Otolaryngology, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus Miranda
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lessa
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isadora
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, 40025-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases (CNPq/MCT), 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edgar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011533:Proviruses / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508599:IL5 protein, human; D015848:Interleukin-5; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma