title: Epilepsy-related automobile accidents in Japan: legal changes about a precedent and penal regulations.
abstract: In Japan, having epilepsy was defined as an absolute disqualification for driving license in the Road Traffic Act enacted in 1960. In view of subsequent changes in domestic road traffic conditions and advances in epilepsy treatment and owing to efforts by interested parties, the 2002 revision of the Road Traffic Act conditionally permitted epileptic patients to obtain a driver's license. However, as fatal traffic accidents associated with driving by epileptic patients continued thereafter, their legal responsibility for driving a car was extensively discussed in newspapers and other media as well as in the Diet. In June 2013, the Road Traffic Act was again revised to incorporate punitive clauses applicable to those with difficulty in driving (not limited to epilepsy only but including various diseases and conditions) who falsely claimed that they had no driving difficulty in the procedure for obtaining or renewing their driver's license. With this revision marking a turning point, the Act on Punishment for Acts That Cause Death or Injury to Others by Driving a Car was enforced as a new statute in May 2014. This paper presents five cases of traffic accidents involved with epileptic patients to explain the impact of these accidents on the 2013 legal revision and a subsequent trend of toughening of legal penalties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan. geo@dokkyomed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imataka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arisue
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000639:trends; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D001336:Automobiles / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008004:Licensure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male