title: Selective Accelerated Proliferation of Malignant Breast Cancer Cells on Planar Graphene Oxide Films.
abstract: Graphene nanomaterials have been actively investigated for biomedical and biological applications, including that of cancer. Despite progress made, most of such studies are conducted on dispersed graphene nanosheets in solution. Consequently, the use of planar graphene films, especially in cancer research, has not been fully explored. Here, we investigate the cellular interactions between the graphene material films and breast cancer cell lines, specifically the effects these films have on cellular proliferation, spreading area, and cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that the graphene oxide (GO) film selectively accelerates the proliferation of both metastatic (MDA-MB-231) and nonmetastatic (MCF-7) breast cancer cells, but not that of noncancer breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Contrastingly, this accelerated proliferation is not observed with the use of graphene (G) film. Moreover, GO induces negligible cytotoxicity on these cells. We suggest that the observed phenomena originate from the synergistic effect resulted from the high loading capacity and conformational change of cellular attachment proteins on the GO film, and the high amount of oxygenated groups present in the material. We anticipate that our findings can further shed light on the graphene-cancer cellular interactions and provide better understanding for the future design and application of graphene-based nanomaterials in cancer research.
authors.affiliation: NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456, Singapore.|Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546, Singapore.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575, Singapore.
authors.lastname: Kenry
authors.affiliation: Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411, Singapore.
authors.forename: Parthiv Kant
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546, Singapore.|Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kian Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546, Singapore.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575, Singapore.|Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chwee Teck
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005260:Female; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite
keywords: breast cancer cells; cell proliferation; cytotoxicity; graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials; graphene−cancer cell interactions; loading capacity; protein conformational change