title: MicroRNAs regulating apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein production.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in many pathological conditions. Significant progress has been made to unveil their role in lipid metabolism. This review aims at summarizing the role of different miRs that regulate hepatic assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. Overproduction and/or impaired clearance of these lipoproteins from circulation increase plasma concentrations of lipids enhancing risk for cardiovascular disease. So far, three miRs, miR-122, miR-34a, and miR-30c have been shown to modulate hepatic production of apoB-containing low density lipoproteins. In this review, we will first provide a brief overview of lipid metabolism and apoB-containing lipoprotein assembly to orient readers to different steps that have been shown to be regulated by miRs. Then, we will discuss the role of each miR on plasma lipids and atherosclerotic burden. Furthermore, we will summarize mechanistic studies explaining how these miRs regulate hepatic lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipoprotein secretion. Finally, we will briefly highlight the potential use of each miR as a therapeutic drug for treating cardiovascular diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernández-Hernando and Yajaira Suárez.
authors.affiliation: School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, USA; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Liye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, USA; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irani
authors.affiliation: School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, USA; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sirwi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA. Electronic address: mahmood.hussain@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: M Mahmood
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000235:genetics*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000235:genetics; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Hepatosteatosis; Hyperlipidemia; MicroRNA; Triglyceride