title: Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns as potential proinflammatory mediators in post-platelet transfusion adverse effects.
abstract: Platelet concentrates (PCs) are the most common blood components eliciting nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTRs), such as allergic transfusion reactions and febrile reactions. However, the precise mechanisms of NHTRs in PC transfusion remain largely unknown. Previous studies reported that mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) could be important mediators of innate cell inflammation. Platelets (PLTs) represent a major reservoir of mitochondria in the blood circulation. The aim of this study was to determine the possible involvement of mitochondrial DAMPs in NHTRs.
  
  
  
  The amount of mitochondrial DAMPs was determined as an index of total copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including mtDNA itself and free mitochondria, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To examine whether neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils were activated by mitochondrial DAMPs in vitro, an in vitro whole blood cell culture assay was performed.
  
  
  
  In blood components associated with NHTRs, the mean total mtDNA concentration was highest in PCs followed in order by fresh-frozen plasma and red blood cells. The amount of mtDNA in NHTR PCs was higher than that in control PCs without NHTRs. The mitochondrial DAMPs present in NHTR PCs was high enough to activate neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils, when costimulated with N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine or HLA antibodies.
  
  
  
  PLT-derived mitochondrial DAMPs are candidate risk factors for the onset of NHTRs.
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuroishi
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirayama
mesh_terms: D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D058731:Blood Safety; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D055633:Immune System Phenomena; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007564:Japan; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D017713:Platelet Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D065227:Transfusion Reaction / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D018836:Inflammation Mediators