title: Aminoguanidine cream ameliorates skin tissue microenvironment in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to explore the effect of aminoguanidine cream on the skin tissue microenvironment in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the diabetes group (n = 18), the aminoguanidine group (n = 18) and the control group (n = 15). Rats in the diabetes group and aminoguanidine group were injected with 65 mg/kg streptozotocin to induce the diabetes model, and in the control group with citrate buffer. After successful induction of diabetes, the back hair of all rats was stripped by barium sulfide, and the aminoguanidine group was treated with aminoguanidine cream using disinfected cotton swabs twice every day for 40 days, while the diabetes and control groups were treated with the cream matrix. The pathological changes of skin were observed by HE staining, while the content of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8, ICAM and IL-1α) and the antioxidant indexes (T-AOC, GSH-PX, MPO MDA H2O2) were examined using commercial kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 40 days of treatment, the diabetes group manifested tissue lesions, whereas the aminoguanidine group seemed normal. Compared with the diabetes group, the content of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, ICAM and IL-1α was dramatically lower in the aminoguanidine group. T-AOC in all groups underwent dramatic changes and returned to normal finally. The activities of GSH-PX and MPO and content of H2O2 in the diabetes group were all higher than those in the aminoguanidine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aminoguanidine may have a good systemic effect on alleviating the pathological changes of skin tissue in diabetic rats, which may be attributed to the regulation of GSH-PX, TNF-α, IL-8, ICAM and IL-1α.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiaoyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shuliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
keywords: aminoguanidine; diabetic; oxidative stress; proinflammatory cytokines; skin tissue; streptozotocin