title: The eye and the skin in endocrine metabolic diseases.
abstract: The eye and skin may offer critical clues to the diagnosis of a varied spectrum of metabolic diseases from endocrine origin and their different stages of severity, such as diabetes mellitus and Graves disease. On the other hand, such entities may compromise the eye and visual function severely, and awareness of these possible associations is an important step in their diagnosis and management. A large number of less common endocrine diseases may also have significant ocular/visual or skin involvement. Often the etiologic relationship between the endocrine metabolic disease and the ocular compromise is unknown, but diverse pathogenetic mechanisms may act through a common pathologic pathway producing ocular damage, as occur in diabetic retinopathy. This review emphasizes the ocular and skin manifestations of different metabolic diseases of endocrine origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: julioaurrets@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julio A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Urrets-Zavalía
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Evangelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Espósito
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Iliana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garay
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Lascano
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.affiliation: CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Horacio M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań City Hospital, Ul. Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications*