title: β-catenin and SKP2 proteins as predictors of grade and stage of non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the expression of beta-catenin (β-catenin) and SKP2 proteins in superficial bladder cancer cases and their correlation with tumor grade and stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional review board approval, we retrospectively evaluated the expression of β-catenin and SKP2 proteins in tissue specimens from patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and compared their results with a cohort of chronic nonspecific cystitis's. Then we and explored these markers association with tumor grade and stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 40 patients were retrospectively identified, 50% was NMIBC and the rest were chronic nonspecific cystitis. β-catenin was expressed in 18 (90%) patients of the NMIBC group in comparison to 14 (70%) of the control group with (P=0.1), while SKP2 protein was only expressed in NMIBC groups (P=0.03). A statistically significant correlation was identified between nucleocytoplasmic localization of β-catenin and SKP2 with tumor grade, stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  β-catenin and SKP2 expression are providing promising results for differentiating higher grade and stage non muscle invasive bladder cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eid
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elsherif
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek Abdel
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Elbaky
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Elserafy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elkady
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Abdel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gaber
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt. Mohamed.elgarabawy@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed-El
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gharabawy
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
keywords: SKP2 proteins; cancer bladder; β-catenin