title: Antagonistic Activity of Nocardia brasiliensis PTCC 1422 Against Isolated Enterobacteriaceae from Urinary Tract Infections.
abstract: The main drawback of current antibiotic therapies is the emergence and rapid increase in antibiotic resistance. Nocardiae are aerobic, Gram-positive, catalase-positive, non-motile actinomycetes. Nocardia brasiliensis was reported as antibiotic producer. The purpose of the study was to determine antibacterial activity of N. brasiliensis PTCC 1422 against isolated Enterobacteriaceae from urinary tract infections (UTIs). The common bacteria from UTIs were isolated from hospital samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for the isolated pathogens using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Antagonistic activity of N. brasiliensis PTCC 1422 was examined with well diffusion methods. Supernatant of N. brasiliensis PTCC 1422 by submerged culture was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Isolated strains included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirabilis. The most common pathogen isolated was E. coli (72.5%). Bacterial isolates revealed the presence of high levels of antimicrobial resistances to ceftriaxone and low levels of resistance to cephalexin. Supernatant of N. brasiliensis PTCC 1422 showed antibacterial activity against all of the isolated microorganisms in well diffusion method. The antibiotic resistance among the uropathogens is an evolving process, so a routine surveillance to monitor the etiologic agents of UTI and the resistance pattern should be carried out timely to choose the most effective empirical treatment by the physicians. Our present investigation indicates that the substances present in the N. brasiliensis PTCC 1422 could be used to inhibit the growth of human pathogen. Antibacterial resistance among bacterial uropathogen is an evolving process. Therefore, in the field on the need of re-evaluation of empirical treatment of UTIs, our present. The study has demonstrated that N. brasiliensis PTCC 1422 has a high potential for the treatment of UTIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossnieh Kafshdar
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran. salamatzadeh@yahoo.com.|Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sari Branch, Farhangian University, Sari, Iran. salamatzadeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salamatzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
authors.forename: Arezou Kafshdar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. hamedir2010@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hamed Haddad
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kashani
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Salman Ahmadi
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Asbchin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Issazadeh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009615:Nocardia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antagonistic activity; Enterobacteriaceae; Nocardia brasiliensis; Urinary tract infections