title: Genome-Wide Identification of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene Family across Fungal Lineage Shows Presence of Novel and Diverse Activation Loop Motifs.
abstract: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is characterized by the presence of the T-E-Y, T-D-Y, and T-G-Y motifs in its activation loop region and plays a significant role in regulating diverse cellular responses in eukaryotic organisms. Availability of large-scale genome data in the fungal kingdom encouraged us to identify and analyse the fungal MAPK gene family consisting of 173 fungal species. The analysis of the MAPK gene family resulted in the discovery of several novel activation loop motifs (T-T-Y, T-I-Y, T-N-Y, T-H-Y, T-S-Y, K-G-Y, T-Q-Y, S-E-Y and S-D-Y) in fungal MAPKs. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that fungal MAPKs are non-polymorphic, had evolved from their common ancestors around 1500 million years ago, and are distantly related to plant MAPKs. We are the first to report the presence of nine novel activation loop motifs in fungal MAPKs. The specificity of the activation loop motif plays a significant role in controlling different growth and stress related pathways in fungi. Hence, the presences of these nine novel activation loop motifs in fungi are of special interest.
authors.affiliation: Free Major of Natural Science, College of Basic Studies, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tapan Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mohanta
authors.affiliation: Department Of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, 757003, India.
authors.forename: Nibedita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohanta
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, 786001, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Pratap
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology; North Orissa University; Baripada, Odisha, 757003, India.
authors.forename: Sujogya Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Narayanan
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Ponpandian
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hanhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases