title: Comparative Analysis of Calcium Silicate-based Root Filling Materials Using an Open Apex Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many new calcium silicate-based root filling materials have emerged in the market; however, their performance in the orthograde obturation of an open apex has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptation of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK), NeoMTA Plus (Avalon Biomed Inc, Bradenton, FL), and Endosequence BC RRM-Fast Set Putty (BC RRM-FS; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) after orthograde placement in roots with open apices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Palatal roots of maxillary molars were instrumented to create divergent open apices and divided into 4 groups for orthograde obturation: ProRoot MTA, NeoMTA Plus, BC RRM-FS, and BC RRM-FS + BC Sealer. Using a scanning electron microscope, the quality of material adaptation at the anatomic apex was evaluated by 5 blinded examiners; 3 mm of the root end was sectioned, and gap distance was measured at the material-dentin interface. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in marginal adaptation among the 4 groups at the level of the anatomic apex (P = .175). BC RRM-FS + BC Sealer had a significantly smaller gap size after 3-mm root end resection compared with the other 3 groups (P < .01). No differences were observed among the other 3 materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All materials showed comparable marginal adaptation at the anatomic apex when used for orthograde obturation of open apices. Application of BC Sealer before the delivery of BC RRM-FS Putty enhanced the quality of adaptation coronal to the apex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas. Electronic address: jhe@bcd.tamhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Gerald N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Woodmansey
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001047:Apicoectomy; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Apexification; calcium silicate materials; mineral trioxide aggregate; obturation; open apex