title: The Relationship Between Plasma Whole Blood Viscosity and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma levels of estimated whole blood viscosity (eWBV) have been increased by endothelial inflammation. Because there were no consistent data for assessing the eWBV levels for prediction of cardiovascular event (CVE) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma eWBV levels and CVEs in patients with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, long-term follow-up study, assessing the relationship between plasma eWBV levels and CVE (either fatal or nonfatal) in patients with newly diagnosed CKD. We also evaluated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with CVE and patients without CVE. The eWBV levels were higher in patients with CVE. Additionally, PTX3 and hsCRP were higher, and FMD and eGFR were lower in patients with CVE compared to those without CVE. According to the Cox regression analysis, WBV, plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels, FMD, hsCRP, eGFR, systolic blood pressure, calcium, and history of diabetes were independent predictors of CVEs in patients with CKD. Kaplan Meier survival curves were generated to establish the impact of the WBV on the cumulative survival of the cohort. Patients with eWBV values higher than 5.2 centipoise (cP) had lower survival rates when compared to patients with eWBV values lower than 5.2 cP (log rank = 4.49 df = 1 P = .034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, plasma eWBV levels may increase the presence of lower eGFR and affect CVE in patients with CKD independent of classical and unconventional risk factors.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut Ilker
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balta
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilmi Umut
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Uskudar-Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aparci
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Osman
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saglam
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eyileten
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iyisoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: adverse cardiac events; blood viscosity; chronic kidney disease; inflammation