title: Chemopreventive effect of chrysin, a dietary flavone against benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemoprevention is considered as one of the most promising and realistic approaches in the prevention of lung cancer. Chrysin, a naturally occurring dietary flavone widely found in Passiflora family of plants and honey, has been studied extensively for its chemopreventive properties. The objective of present study is to divulge the chemopreventive role of chrysin against benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  B(a)P was administered orally (50mg/kg body weight) twice a week for four weeks to induce lung cancer in mice. The body weight, lung weight, tumor incidence, lipid peroxidation, carcinoembryonic antigen, enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin E and vitamin C) were estimated. Further, histopathological analysis of lung tissue and western blotting analysis of PCNA, COX-2 and NF-κB were also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of B(a)P resulted in increased lipid peroxides and carcinoembryonic antigen with concomitant decrease in the levels of both enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Chrysin treatment (250mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated all these changes thereby showing potent anti lung cancer effect. Further, the anticancer effect of chrysin was confirmed by histopathology of lungs, and immunoblotting analysis of PCNA, COX-2 and NF-κB, where chrysin supplementation downregulated the expression of these proteins and maintained cellular homeostasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these findings confirm the chemopreventive potential of chrysin against B(a)P induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India. Electronic address: ishreddy4@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eshvendar Reddy
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kasala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Narendra
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Bodduluru
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Chandan C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barua
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Rajaram Mohanrao
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Madhana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Mukesh Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Budhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Ramana Reddy
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Mallugari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Suseela Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Maramreddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Ranadeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gogoi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D047309:Flavones; D005419:Flavonoids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014810:Vitamin E; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; C043561:chrysin; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C043562:flavone
keywords: Benzo(a)pyrene; Chemoprevention; Chrysin; Flavonoids; Lung carcinogenesis