title: MicroRNA-495 regulates starvation-induced autophagy by targeting ATG3.
abstract: The functions of some essential autophagy genes are regulated by microRNAs. However, an ATG3-modulating microRNA has never been reported. Here we show that the transcription of miR-495 negatively correlates with the translation of ATG3 under nutrient-deprived or rapamycin-treated conditions. miR-495 targets ATG3 and regulates its protein levels under starvation conditions. miR-495 also inhibits starvation-induced autophagy by decreasing the number of autophagosomes and by preventing LC3-I-to-LC3-II transition and P62 degradation. These processes are reversed by the overexpression of an endogenous miR-495 inhibitor. Re-expression of Atg3 without miR-495 response elements restores miR-495-inhibited autophagy. miR-495 sustains cell viability under starvation conditions but has no effect under hypoxia. Moreover, miR-495 inhibits etoposide-induced cell death. In conclusion, miR-495 is involved in starvation-induced autophagy by regulating Atg3.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Haixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Zijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Runmin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Wangtao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yusen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Keng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Liangqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Du
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D016466:CHO Cells; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003412:Cricetulus; D003470:Culture Media; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; C547683:MIRN495 microRNA, mouse; D035683:MicroRNAs; D005047:Etoposide; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; C568853:Atg3 protein, mouse
keywords: ATG3; autophagy; hypoxia; microRNA; starvation