title: Intracranial Suppurative Complications of Sinusitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial complications of paranasal sinusitis have become rare due to widespread and early use of antibiotics. Potentially life-threatening intracranial complications of sinusitis include subdural empyema, epidural and intracerebral abscess, meningitis, and sinus thrombosis. Patients with intracranial complication of sinusitis can present without neurological signs, which may delay diagnosis and correct treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostics, treatment, and outcome of sinusitis-related intracranial infections at our tertiary referral hospital with a catchment area of 1.9 million people.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively collected data on all patients diagnosed and treated with an intracranial infection at the Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, during a 10-year period between 2003 and 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients were diagnosed to have a sinusitis-related intracranial infection. Four patients had an epidural abscess, one both an epidural abscess and a subdural empyema and one a subdural empyema. The most common presenting complaint was headache (100%) followed by fever (83%), vomiting (50%), nasal congestion (50%), forehead lump (34%), and neck stiffness (17%). All patients were managed surgically. Most (83%) patients recovered to premorbid state without neurological sequelae. One patient died intraoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a sinusitis-related intracranial suppuration typically present with signs of raised intracranial pressure rather than signs of sinusitis. Most are likely to need neurosurgical intervention and evacuation of the abscess without delay.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Nicoli
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oinas
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|3 Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mäkitie
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atula
keywords: Sinusitis; abscess; complication; empyema; intracranial; surgery