title: The Effects of Glucose Therapy Agents-Apple Juice, Orange Juice, and Cola-on Enteral Tube Flow and Patency.
abstract: To develop evidence-based hypoglycemia treatment protocols in patients receiving total enteral nutrition, this study determined the effect on enteral tube flow of glucose therapy agents: apple juice, orange juice, and cola, and it also examined the effects of tube type and feed type with these glucose therapy agents. For this study, 12 gastrostomy tubes (6 polyethylene and 6 silicone) were set at 50 mL/h. Each feeding set was filled with Isosource HN with fibre or Novasource Renal. Each tube was irrigated with 1 glucose therapy agent, providing approximately 20 g of carbohydrate every 4 h. Flow-rate measurements were collected at 2 h intervals. The results showed that the glucose therapy agent choice affected flow rates: apple juice and cola had higher average flow rates than orange juice (P = 0.01). A significant difference was found between tube type and enteral formula: polyethylene tubes had higher average flow rates than silicone tubes (P < 0.0001), and Isosource HN with fibre had higher flow rates than Novasource Renal (P = 0.01). We concluded that apple juice and cola have less tube clogging potential than orange juice, and thus may be considered as primary treatment options for hypoglycemia in enterally fed patients. Polyethylene tubes and Isosource HN with fibre were less likely to clog than silicone tubes and Novasource Renal.
authors.affiliation: a High Risk Obstetrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: Daphna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: b North York Family Health Team, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montreuil
authors.affiliation: a High Risk Obstetrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: d Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zettas
authors.affiliation: a High Risk Obstetrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D032084:Citrus sinensis; D030221:Cola; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D027845:Malus; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D012828:Silicones; D020959:Polyethylene; D005947:Glucose