title: Association of serum amyloid A and oxidative stress with paraoxonase 1 in sarcoidosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles thanks to different enzymes such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Under inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions, HDL particles may lose their protective properties. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by excessive oxidative stress. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is produced in liver and in granulomas, and its concentration increases in inflammatory conditions contributing to increased catabolism of HDL particles. The aim of our study was to determine PON1 activity, SAA concentration and their associations in patients with sarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammatory [high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), SAA], lipid [total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG)] oxidative stress status parameters [total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), sulfhydryl (SH) groups] and PON1 activities were determined in serum of 72 patients with sarcoidosis and 62 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HsCRP (P < 0·05), TC, LDL-c, TG, SAA, TOS, MDA and PAB (P < 0·001) were significantly higher, whereas HDL-c, SH groups and PON1 activity (P < 0·001) were significantly lower in patients with sarcoidosis when compared with controls. PON1 showed significant association with SAA, MDA and PAB. It was shown that 71% of decrease in PON1 activity may be explained by increase in TOS, PAB and SAA concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found decreased PON1 activity and increased SAA concentration in patients with sarcoidosis. Inflammatory condition presented by high SAA was implicated in impaired HDL functionality evident through dysregulated PON1 activity. Excessive oxidative stress was also involved in dysregulation of PON1 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivanišević
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotur-Stevuljević
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanović
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spasić
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vučinić Mihailović
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Videnović Ivanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jelić-Ivanović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014280:Triglycerides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: HDL; oxidants; paraoxonase 1; sarcoidosis; serum amyloid A