title: Age-related changes in anterior cingulate cortex glutamate in schizophrenia: A (1)H MRS Study at 7 Tesla.
abstract: The extent of age-related changes in glutamate and other neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in individuals with schizophrenia remain unclear. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 T, which yields precise measurements of various metabolites and can distinguish glutamate from glutamine, was used to determine levels of ACC glutamate and other metabolites in 24 individuals with schizophrenia and 24 matched controls. Multiple regression analysis revealed that ACC glutamate decreased with age in patients but not controls. No changes were detected in levels of glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid, myo-inositol, GABA, glutathione, total creatine, and total choline. These results suggest that age may be an important modifier of ACC glutamate in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Allison S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Aging Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Division of Psychiatry Research and Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Unschuld
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Subechhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Issel Anne L
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Churchill
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Ashley D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Peter C M
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Zijl
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Richard A E
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Edden
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: rmargoli@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004151:Dipeptides; D005973:Glutamine; C027172:isospaglumic acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007294:Inositol; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D005978:Glutathione; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline
keywords: 7T; Anterior cingulate cortex; Glutamate; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Schizophrenia