title: Association between dental fear and oral health habits and treatment need among University students in Finland: a national study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  First-year university students are in a new, independent life situation, which may affect health behaviour, including oral health habits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dental fear and oral health habits, while considering the simultaneous effects of attitude toward food and treatment need at dental check-ups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data (n = 8514) for this national cross-sectional study were collected from health registers of Finnish Student Health Service. As part of health examination all first-year university students in Finland were sent an electronic questionnaire asking about general, psychological and oral health, and health habits. Dental fear was measured by the question: "How afraid are you of visiting a dentist?" (reply alternatives: "Not at all", "Somewhat" and "Very"). Chi-square tests and Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between dental fear and oral health habits (tooth brushing, tobacco use, frequency of eating and drinking, eating habits and interval between dental check-ups) as well as attitude to food and treatment need at dental check-ups while controlling for age, gender, general mood and feelings in social situations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the oral health habits, tooth brushing and tobacco use were associated with dental fear. Those who brushed their teeth once a day or less often or used tobacco regularly were more likely to have high dental fear than those who brushed their teeth twice a day or more often or used tobacco occasionally or not at all. Students who reported not having a normal attitude to food were more likely to have high dental fear than were those reporting normal attitude to food, but the frequency of eating and drinking was not associated with dental fear. Students who reported needing treatment frequently or at every dental check-up were more likely to have high dental fear than those who reported rarely or never needing treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Those students with high dental fear seem to be at risk of having poor oral health habits and abnormal attitude to food, which may increase the risk of deterioration of oral health and the need for treatment. Dental teams should make efforts in helping fearful patients to find motivation for good oral health habits.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. vesa.pohjola@oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. vesa.pohjola@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pohjola
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. aino.rekola@student.oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Aino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rekola
authors.affiliation: Finnish Student Health Service, Turku, Finland. kristina.kunttu@yths.fi.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunttu
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. jorma.virtanen@oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. jorma.virtanen@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Jorma I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003729:Dental Care; D005387:Finland; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students; D064424:Tobacco Use; D014495:Universities