title: Scoring mode and age-related effects on youth soccer teams' defensive performance during small-sided games.
abstract: This study aimed to examine the scoring mode (line goal, double goal or central goal) and age-related effects on the defensive performance of youth soccer players during 4v4 small-sided games (SSGs). Altogether, 16 male players from 2 age groups (U13, n = 8, mean age: 12.61 ± 0.65 years; U15, n = 8, 14.86 ± 0.47 years) were selected as participants. In six independent sessions, participants performed the three SSGs each during 10-min periods. Teams' defensive performance was analysed at every instant ball possession was regained through the variables: ball-recovery type, ball-recovery sector, configuration of play and defence state. Multinomial logistic regression analysis used in this study revealed the following significant main effects of scoring mode and age: (1) line goal (vs. central goal) increased the odds of regaining possession through tackle and in the defensive midfield sector, and decreased the odds of successful interceptions; (2) double goal (vs. central goal) decreased the odds of regaining possession through turnover won and with elongated playing shapes; (3) the probability of regaining possession through interception significantly decreased with age. Moreover, as youth players move forward in age groups, teams tend to structurally evolve from elongated playing shapes to flattened shapes and, at a behavioural level, from defending in depth to more risky flattened configurations. Overall, by manipulating the scoring mode in SSGs, coaches can promote functional and coadaptive behaviours between teams not only in terms of configurations of play, but also on the pitch locations that teams explore to regain possession.
authors.affiliation: a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, SpertLab , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos Humberto
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, SpertLab , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, SpertLab , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volossovitch
authors.affiliation: a CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, SpertLab , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: António Paulo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: Task constraints; collective behaviours; configurations of play; defensive behaviours; performance analysis