title: Theory of Mind in Schizophrenia: Associations With Clinical and Cognitive Insight Controlling for Levels of Psychopathology.
abstract: Poor insight in schizophrenia is a risk factor for both poor outcomes and treatment adherence. Accordingly, interest in identifying causes of poor insight has increased. This study explored whether theory of mind (ToM) impairments are linked to poor clinical and cognitive insight independent of psychopathology. Participants with schizophrenia (n = 37) and control subjects (n = 40) completed assessments of ToM with the Hinting Task and the Brüne Picture Sequencing Task, clinical insight and psychopathology with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and cognitive insight with the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. Results indicated that the schizophrenia group had greater impairments in ToM relative to control subjects. In the schizophrenia group, the Hinting Task performance was related to both cognitive and clinical insight, with only the relationship with cognitive insight persisting after controlling for psychopathology. Picture Sequencing Task performance was related to cognitive insight only. Future research directions and clinical implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: *Centro di Terapia Metacognitiva Interpersonale, Rome; †Studi Cognitivi, Modena, Italy; ‡Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN; §DSM ASL Roma D, Rome, Italy; and ∥Roudebush VA Medical Center and ¶Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popolo
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimaggio
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vinci
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lysaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056345:Theory of Mind / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult