title: Imaging Early Fate of Cancer Stem Cells in Mouse Hindlimbs with Sodium Iodide Symporter Gene and I-124 PET.
abstract: We investigated the capacity of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) positron emission tomography (PET) to image and quantitate early engraftment and survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in living mice.
  
  
  
  CT26 colon cancer cells and CSCs were infected with an adenovirus expressing both NIS and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Cells were implanted into normal and ischemic hindlimbs of mice, and serial optical and I-124 PET imaging was performed. Extracted tissues underwent I-124 measurements and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  
  NIS.EGFP gene transfer increased fluorescence and I-124 uptake of CSCs and CT26 cells without adverse effects. I-124 PET clearly visualized implanted tumor cells in vivo, whereas optical imaging was suboptimal. PET revealed 1.95, 2.22, and 1.93-fold greater I-124 uptake by CSC inoculation into ischemic compared to non-ischemic limbs at 2, 15, and 24 h, respectively. CT26 cells showed similar but smaller differences. PET findings were confirmed by ex vivo measurements and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  
  NIS PET can help identify microenvironment conditions that influence early survival of implanted CSCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Yearn Seung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea. khnm.lee@samsung.com.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea. khnm.lee@samsung.com.
authors.forename: Kyung-Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein
keywords: Cancer stem cell; Green fluorescence protein; Hypoxia; Positron emission tomography; Sodium-iodide symporter