title: Dynamics of red fluorescent dental plaque during experimental gingivitis--A cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dynamics of red fluorescent plaque (RFP) in comparison to clinical plaque and bleeding scores were studied during an experimental gingivitis protocol in a cohort of healthy participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one participants were monitored for RFP before (24h plaque), during 14 days plaque accumulation (days 2, 5, 9, 14) and after 7 days recovery (24h plaque). RFP was assessed on fluorescence photographs of the vestibular aspect of the anterior teeth (cuspid to cuspid) in the upper and lower jaw. Clinical plaque and bleeding were assessed at days -14, 0, 14 and 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RFP of 24h plaque was reproducible (days -14, 0), then increased during 14 days plaque accumulation and returned to baseline after 7 days recovery. Groups of low, moderate and high RFP formers were statistically significantly different at all times even already at baseline. The individual RFP response during 14 days plaque accumulation correlated well with RFP of 24h plaque (days -14, 0). RFP correlated moderate to well with clinical plaque at days -14, 0, 14 and 21. From day 2 of the gingivitis challenge RFP correlated with bleeding at day 14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFP provided an objective measure of oral hygiene status. Given the correlation with clinical parameters found, the amount of RFP after 24h plaque accumulation was indicatory for the inflammatory response during a prolonged period of no oral hygiene. This trial was registered at the public trial register ​of the Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO) under number NL51111.029.14 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This paper shows the association between RFP after 24h plaque accumulation and inflammatory response after a prolonged period of no oral hygiene. Red plaque fluorescence can be used to identify subjects at risk for developing gingival inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: m.vd.veen@acta.nl.
authors.forename: Monique H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Catherine M C
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Volgenant
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Zeist, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keijser
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob Bob M
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ten Cate
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Crielaard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Clinical studies\trials; Diagnostic systems; Gingivitis; Imaging; Oral hygiene; Plaque\plaque biofilms