title: In Vitro Evaluation of Swine-Derived Lactobacillus reuteri: Probiotic Properties and Effects on Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells Challenged with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88.
abstract: Probiotics are considered as the best effective alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to characterize the probiotic potential of lactobacilli for use in swine farming by using in vitro evaluation methods. A total of 106 lactic acid bacterial isolates, originating from porcine feces, were first screened for the capacity to survive stresses considered important for putative probiotic strains. Sixteen isolates showed notable acid and bile resistance, antibacterial activity, and adherence to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1). One isolate, LR1, identified as Lactobacillus reuteri, was selected for extensive study of its probiotic and functional properties in IPEC-1 cell models. L. reuteri LR1 exhibited good adhesion to IPEC-1 cells and could inhibit the adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to IPEC-1 cells. L. reuteri LR1 could also modulate transcript and protein expression of cytokines involved in inflammation in IPEC-1 cells; the Lactobacillus strain inhibited the ETEC-induced expression of proinflammatory transcripts (IL-6 and TNF-α) and protein (IL-6), and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Measurement of the permeation of FD-4 showed that L. reuteri LR1 could maintain barrier integrity in monolayer IPEC-1 cells exposed to ETEC. Immunolocalization experiments showed L. reuteri LR1 could also prevent ETEC-induced tight junction ZO-1 disruption. Together, these results indicate that L. reuteri LR1 exhibits desirable probiotic properties and could be a potential probiotic for use in swine production.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xianyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xuefen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zongyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D052200:Limosilactobacillus reuteri / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Lactobacillus reuteri; enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; in vitro evaluation; probiotic properties