title: Can illness beliefs, from the common-sense model, prospectively predict adherence to self-management behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether people's beliefs about their illness, conceptualised by the common sense model (CSM), can prospectively predict adherence to self-management behaviours (including, attendance, medication, diet and exercise) in adults with acute and chronic physical illnesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases were searched in September 2014, for papers specifying the use of the 'CSM' in relation to 'self-management', 'rehabilitation' and 'adherence' in the context of physical illness. Six hundred abstracts emerged. Data from 52 relevant studies were extracted. Twenty-one studies were meta-analysed, using correlation coefficients in random effects models. The remainder were descriptively synthesised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect sizes for individual illness belief domains and adherence to self-management behaviours ranged from .04 to .13, indicating very weak, predictive relationships. Further analysis revealed that predictive relationships did not differ by the: type of self-management behaviour; acute or chronic illness; or duration of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual illness belief domains, outlined by the CSM, did not predict adherence to self-management behaviours in adults with physical illnesses. Prospective relationships, controlling for past behaviour, also did not emerge. Other factors, including patients' treatment beliefs and inter-relationships between individual illness beliefs domains, may have influenced potential associations with adherence to self-management behaviours.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.|b Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.|d Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Stroke , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aujla
authors.affiliation: b Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: d Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Stroke , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sprigg
authors.affiliation: e Department of Health Sciences , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.affiliation: c School of Clinical Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.affiliation: a Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vedhara
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: adherence; common sense model; illness beliefs; self-management; self-regulation theory; systematic review