title: Toxicity Appraisal of Untreated Dyeing Industry Wastewater Based on Chemical Characterization and Short Term Bioassays.
abstract: Characterizing wastewaters only on a chemical basis may be insufficient owing to their complex nature. The purpose of this study was to assess toxicity of textile dyeing wastewater based on analytical techniques and short term toxicity based bioassays. In this study, screening of the fractionated wastewater through GC-MS showed the presence of phenols, phthalic acid derivatives and chlorpyrifos. Metal analysis revealed that chromium, arsenic and mercury were present in amounts higher than the wastewater discharge limits. Textile dyeing wastewater was found to be highly mutagenic in the Ames test. DNA damage in sheep lymphocytes decreased linearly with an increase in the dilution of wastewater. MTT assay showed that 8.3 percent v/v wastewater decreased cell survival percentage to 50 %. It can be concluded from this study that short term toxicity tests such as Ames test, in vitro comet assay, and cytotoxicity assays may serve as useful indicators of wastewater pollution along with their organic and inorganic chemical characterizations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan. furqan.pharmacist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Furqan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-1503
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aqeel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Javeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aftab Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ammara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul Muqeet
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Altaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D006224:Cricetinae; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012756:Sheep / Q000097:blood; D013783:Textile Industry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Heavy metals; Industrial wastewater; Mutagenicity