title: Glycerophosphocholine and Glycerophosphoethanolamine Are Not the Main Sources of the In Vivo (31)P MRS Phosphodiester Signals from Healthy Fibroglandular Breast Tissue at 7 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The identification of the phosphodiester (PDE) (31)P MR signals in the healthy human breast at ultra-high field.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo (31)P MRS measurements at 7 T of the PDE signals in the breast were performed investigating the chemical shifts, the transverse- and the longitudinal relaxation times. Chemical shifts and transverse relaxation times were compared with non-ambiguous PDE signals from the liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chemical shifts of the PDE signals are shifted -0.5 ppm with respect to glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE), and the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times for these signals are a factor 3 to 4 shorter than expected for aqueous GPC and GPE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available experimental evidence suggests that GPC and GPE are not the main source of the PDE signals measured in fibroglandular breast tissue at 7 T. These signals may predominantly originate from mobile phospholipids.
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wybe J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van der Kemp
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bertine L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jurgen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Runge
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jannie P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wijnen
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aart J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nederveen
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Luijten
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dennis W J
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Klomp
keywords: 31P; 7 T; MRSI; breast; phosphodiester; phospholipids; relaxation time