title: Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.
abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes a series of precancerous lesions like gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, and is the strongest known risk factor for GC, as supported by epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanism of H. pylori developing gastric carcinoma has not been well defined. Among infected individuals, approximately 10% develop severe gastric lesions such as peptic ulcer disease, 1%-3% progresses to GC. The outcomes of H. pylori infection are determined by bacterial virulence, genetic polymorphism of hosts as well as environmental factors. It is important to gain further understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection for developing more effective treatments for this common but deadly malignancy. The recent findings on the bacterial virulence factors, effects of H. pylori on epithelial cells, genetic polymorphism of both the bacterium and its host, and the environmental factors for GC are discussed with focus on the role of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis in this review.
authors.affiliation: Rong-Guang Zhang, Guang-Cai Duan, Shuai-Yin Chen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Guang
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Rong-Guang Zhang, Guang-Cai Duan, Shuai-Yin Chen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Cai
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Rong-Guang Zhang, Guang-Cai Duan, Shuai-Yin Chen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Tang
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Rong-Guang Zhang, Guang-Cai Duan, Shuai-Yin Chen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Shuai-Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Environmental factors; Gastric cancer; Genetic polymorphism; Helicobacter pylori; Virulence factors