title: Dioscorea nipponica Attenuates Migration and Invasion by Inhibition of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator through Involving PI3K/Akt and Transcriptional Inhibition of NF-[Formula: see text]B and SP-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
abstract: High mortality and morbidity rates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Taiwan primarily result from uncontrolled tumor metastasis. In our previous studies, we have reported that Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract (DNE) has anti-metastasis effects on human oral cancer cells. However, the effect of DNE on hepatoma metastasis have not been thoroughly investigated and remains poorly understood. To determine the effects of DNE on the migration and invasion in HCC cells we used a wound healing model, Boyden chamber assays, gelatin/casein zymography and Western blotting. Transcriptional levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) were detected by real-time PCR and promoter assays. In this study, DNE treatment significantly inhibited the migration/invasion capacities of Huh7 cell lines. The results of gelatin/casein zymography and Western blotting revealed that the activities and protein levels of the MMP-9 and u-PA were inhibited by DNE. Tests of the mRNA levels, real-time PCR, and promoter assays evaluated the inhibitory effects of DNE on u-PA expression in human hepatoma cells. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed not only that DNE inhibits u-PA expression, but also the inhibitory effects were associated with the down-regulation of the transcription factors of NF-[Formula: see text]B and SP-1 signaling pathways. Western blot analysis also showed that DNE inhibits PI3K and phosphorylation of Akt. In conclusion, these results show that u-PA expression may be a potent therapeutic target in the DNE-mediated suppression of HCC invasion/migration. DNE may have potential use as a chemo-preventive agent against liver cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: * Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.|† School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.|‡ Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: § Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.|∥ Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: ¶ School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.|** Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: ¶ School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.|** Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Chang
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: ‡ Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.|†† Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D027742:Dioscorea / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Dioscorea nipponica Makino; Hepatoma; Invasion; MMP-9; Migration; u-PA