title: Movement quality of conventional prostheses and the DEKA Arm during everyday tasks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional prosthetic devices fail to restore the function and characteristic movement quality of the upper limb. The DEKA Arm is a new, advanced prosthesis featuring a compound, powered wrist and multiple grip configurations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if the DEKA Arm improved the movement quality of upper limb prosthesis users compared to conventional prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three people with transradial amputation completed tasks of daily life with their conventional prosthesis and with the DEKA Arm. A total of 10 healthy controls completed the same tasks. The trajectory of the wrist joint center was analyzed to determine how different prostheses affected movement duration, speed, smoothness, and curvature compared to patients' own intact limbs and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Movement quality decreased with the DEKA Arm for two participants, and increased for the third. Prosthesis users made slower, less smooth, more curved movements with the prosthetic limb compared to the intact limb and controls, particularly when grasping and manipulating objects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of one month of training with the DEKA Arm on movement quality varied with participants' skill and experience with conventional prostheses. Future studies should examine changes in movement quality after long-term use of advanced prostheses. Clinical relevance Movement quality with the DEKA Arm may depend on the user's previous experience with conventional prostheses. Quantitative analyses are needed to assess the efficacy of novel prosthetic devices and to better understand how to train people to use them effectively.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.affiliation: 2 Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Resnik
authors.affiliation: 3 Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilken
authors.affiliation: 3 Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smurr Walters
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gates
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D034941:Upper Extremity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biomechanics in neuromuscular disorders; prosthetic design; testing of prosthetic and orthotic components; upper limb prosthetics