title: Prosthetic graft interposition of the brachiocephalic veins or superior vena cava combined with resection of malignant tumours: graft patency and risk factors for graft occlusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to assess graft patency in patients undergoing prosthetic graft interposition of the brachiocephalic veins (BCVs) or the superior vena cava (SVC) combined with resection of malignant tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients who underwent prosthetic graft interposition of the BCVs or the SVC between 1998 and 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among a total of 20 grafts in 16 patients (unilateral graft interposition in 12, bilateral graft interposition in 4), 8 grafts were occluded in 8 patients. Overall graft patency rate was 64.6%, 42.4% at the 2- and 5-year follow-up. Graft patency rate of the left BCV was significantly lower than that of the right BCV or the SVC (2-year patency, 38.1% vs. 81.8%, P=0.024). In univariate analysis, the superior anastomosis site [left BCV vs. right BCV; hazard ratio (HR) =2.312; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.015-5.265; P=0.046], the inferior anastomosis site (right atrial appendage vs. SVC; HR =2.409; 95% CI, 1.124-5.161; P=0.024), and interruption of warfarin (HR =5.015; 95% CI, 1.106-22.734; P=0.037) were significant risk factors for graft occlusion. Graft occlusive symptoms were identified in 4 patients who underwent unilateral graft interposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prosthetic graft interposition between the left BCV and the right atrial appendage resulted in a significant rate of graft occlusion. Prosthetic graft interposition of the bilateral BCVs and long-term warfarin therapy may be necessary to prevent graft occlusive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geun Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong Ryul
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Kwan
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Superior vena cava (SVC); brachiocephalic veins (BCVs); graft; patency; reconstruction