title: Biomarkers of coronary endothelial health: correlation with invasive measures of collateral function, flow and resistance in chronically occluded coronary arteries and the effect of recanalization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the presence of a chronically occluded coronary artery, the collateral circulation matures by a process of arteriogenesis; however, there is considerable variation between individuals in the functional capacity of that collateral network. This could be explained by differences in endothelial health and function. We aimed to examine the relationship between the functional extent of collateralization and levels of biomarkers that have been shown to relate to endothelial health.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured four potential biomarkers of endothelial health in 34 patients with mature collateral networks who underwent a successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for a chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) before PCI and 6-8 weeks after PCI, and examined the relationship of biomarker levels with physiological measures of collateralization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not find a significant change in the systemic levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, microparticles or tissue factor 6-8 weeks after PCI. We did find an association between estimated retrograde collateral flow before CTO recanalization and lower levels of sICAM-1 (r=0.39, P=0.026), sE-selectin (r=0.48, P=0.005) and microparticles (r=0.38, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recanalization of a CTO and resultant regression of a mature collateral circulation do not alter systemic levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, microparticles or tissue factor. The identified relationship of retrograde collateral flow with sICAM-1, sE-selectin and microparticles is likely to represent an association with an ability to develop collaterals rather than their presence and extent.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Academic Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital bHull York Medical School cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Hull dDepartment of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ladwiniec
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ettelaie
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cunnington
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossington
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thackray
authors.forename: Farquad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alamgir
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D019007:P-Selectin; C546937:SELP protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D013925:Thromboplastin