title: Pathoconnectomics of cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: A systematic review.
abstract: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a highly prevalent condition associated with diffuse ischemic damage and cognitive dysfunction particularly in executive function and attention. Functional brain imaging studies can reveal mechanisms of cognitive impairment in CSVD, although findings are mixed.
  
  
  
  A systematic review integrating findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography in CSVD is involved.
  
  
  
  CSVD damages long-range white matter tracts connecting nodes within distributed brain networks. It also disrupts frontosubcortical circuits and cholinergic fiber tracts mediating attentional processes. These changes, illustrated within a model of network dynamics, synergistically relate to neurodegenerative pathology contributing to dementia.
  
  
  
  The effects of CSVD on attention and executive functioning are best understood within a network model of cognition as revealed by functional neuroimaging. Analysis of network function in CSVD can improve characterization of disease severity and treatment effects, and it can inform theoretical models of brain function.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: ayan.dey@mail.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Ayan K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vessela
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stamenova
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandra E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: blevine@research.baycrest.org.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D059345:Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Cerebral small vessel disease; Cholinergic damage; Cognition; EEG; Functional connectivity; Neuroimaging; Vascular cognitive impairment; White matter changes; fMRI