title: Intracranial extension of orbital inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare inflammatory condition of unknown cause that may extend intracranially, usually as a dural-based infiltrate. Here we report the first case of orbital pseudotumor presenting with intra-axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 57-year-old white female, with a 3-month history of headache and right palpebral edema, presented with marked right temporal lobe edema with ominous MRI appearance, and ipsilateral alterations of orbital and periorbital structures. Following steroid therapy, both intracranial and orbital involvement dramatically improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor with chronic inflammation may infrequently present with intracranial involvement, mimicking more aggressive diseases, even showing intra-axial enhancement after i.v. contrast administration in brain MRI. Awareness of this possibility may help neurologists to choose the appropriate therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. enrico.tedeschi@unina.it.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. lorenzo.ugga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ugga
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. ferdinandocaranci@libero.it.
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caranci
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine "F. Magrassi and A. Lanzara", Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. giacomo.lus@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Califano
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. siriococozza@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Sirio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cocozza
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine "F. Magrassi and A. Lanzara", Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. giacomo.lus@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lus
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. brunetti@unina.it.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunetti
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016727:Orbital Pseudotumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology