title: Analysis of imprinted messenger RNA expression in deceased transgenic cloned goats.
abstract: Genomic imprinting is an important epigenetic mechanism that has vital effects on fetal growth and development. We observed the differences in four tissues (heart, spleen, liver, and kidney) from dead transgenic cloned goats using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Eight imprinted genes in the tissues of dead transgenic cloned and normal goats were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. H&E staining results from the abortion group indicated the lack of obvious morphological changes in heart and spleen tissues, while inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerular nephritis characteristics were observed in liver and kidney tissues, respectively. Compared to the control group, CDKN1C, H19, IGF2R, and SNRPN were significantly (P < 0.05) overexpressed in the heart tissue of the abortion group, while XIST was significantly reduced. In the liver tissues, CDKN1C and DLK1 expression decreased, while GNAS, H19, IGF2R, PEG3, and XIST expression increased significantly. In the spleen tissues, DLK1 expression increased, while GNAS, H19, IGF2R, PEG3, SNRPN, and XIST expression decreased. In the kidney tissues, CDKN1C, DLK1, GNAS, IGF2R, and PEG3 expression increased, while H19 and XIST expression decreased. The overall expression of imprinted genes was abnormal in different tissues of transgenic cloned goats, and the degree of abnormal genomic imprinting was more severe in the abortion group compared to the death and control groups. These results suggest that abnormal expression of imprinted genes may cause developmental defects in transgenic cloned goats. Moreover, abnormal epigenetic modifications may affect the reprogramming of transgenic donor cells.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: R X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Z R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000401:mortality*; D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006041:Goats / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C490098:LTF protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D007781:Lactoferrin