title: Hypertension impairs hippocampus-related adult neurogenesis, CA1 neuron dendritic arborization and long-term memory.
abstract: Hypertension is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment. Several studies using spontaneous hypertensive rats to study the effect of hypertension on memory performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis have reached inconsistent conclusions. The contradictory findings may be related to the genetic variability of spontaneous hypertensive rats due to the conventional breeding practices. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of hypertension on hippocampal structure and function in isogenic mice. Hypertension was induced by the '2 kidneys, 1 clip' method (2K1C) which constricted one of the two renal arteries. The blood pressures of 2K1C mice were higher than the sham group on post-operation day 7 and remained high up to day 28. Mice with 2K1C-induced hypertension had impaired long-term, but not short-term, memory. Dendritic complexity of CA1 neurons and hippocampal neurogenesis were reduced by 2K1C-induced hypertension on post-operation day 28. Furthermore, 2K1C decreased the levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, while blood vessel density and activation status of astrocytes and microglia were not affected. In conclusion, hypertension impairs hippocampus-associated long-term memory, dendritic arborization and neurogenesis, which may be caused by down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: International Research Center of Wound Repair & Regeneration, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T-T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: kuoym@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
keywords: dendritic arbor; hippocampus; hypertension; learning and memory; neurogenesis