title: Localization and mobility of glucose-coated gold nanoparticles within the brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the localization of glucose-coated gold nanoparticles within cells of the brain after intravascular infusion which may point to the mechanism by which they cross the blood-brain barrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue distribution of the nanoparticles was measured by inductively-coupled-mass spectrometry and localization within the brain by histochemistry and electron microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoparticles were identified within neurons and glial cells more than 10 μm from the nearest microvessel within 10 min of intracarotid infusion. Their distribution indicated movement across the endothelial cytosol, and direct transfer between cells of the brain. The rapid movement of this class of nanoparticle (<5 nm) into the brain demonstrates their potential to carry therapeutic biomolecules or imaging reagents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gromnicova
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan Ugur
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Midatech Pharma Plc, Abingdon, UK.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
authors.forename: Ignacio A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharrack
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Male
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D005947:Glucose
keywords: blood–brain barrier; brain; brain endothelium; cortex; drug delivery; glia; glyconanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; neurons; transmission electron microscopy