title: Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Nationwide Taiwanese Retrospective Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Previous studies have suggested that chronic systemic inflammation increases the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examined the effects of IBD on the development of PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a nationwide population-based cohort of 23.22 million insured residents of Taiwan aged ≥ 20 years, we compared people diagnosed with IBD during 2000 to 2011 (n = 8373) with IBD-free individuals. Patients with PD were identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database. Using univariable and multivariable Cox proportion hazard regression models, we estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for PD with a 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cohort, IBD was associated with an increased incidence of PD (crude hazard ratio = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.15-1.79). The risk was highest among individuals with Crohn's disease (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.11-1.77). In the multivariable model, the risk of PD was increased for men (aHR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05-1.56) and higher for patients with hypertension (aHR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.33-2.24), coronary artery disease (aHR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04-1.66), or depression (aHR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.82-3.46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that IBD is associated with an increased risk of PD. Patients with IBD should be aware of the potential risk for PD development.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; †Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; §Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; ‖Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; ¶College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; **Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; and ††Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jung-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chin-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chin-Wang
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Cheng-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology