title: Potential Risk Factors Associated With Vascular Diseases in Patients Receiving Treatment for Hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, the hypertension (HTN) patients undergo appropriate medical treatment, and traditional risk factors are highly controlled. Therefore, potential risk factors of atherosclerotic vascular diseases (AVD) and venous thromboembolisms (VTE) in HTN should be reconsidered. We investigated thrombophilic genetic mutations and existing biomarkers for AVD or VTE in HTN patients receiving treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 183 patients were enrolled: AVD with HTN (group A, n=45), VTE with HTN (group B, n=62), and HTN patients without any vascular diseases (group C, n=76). The lipid profile, homocysteine (Hcy) levels, D-dimers, fibrinogen, antithrombin, lupus anticoagulant, and anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) were evaluated. Prothrombin G20210A, Factor V G1691A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients revealed wild type prothrombin G20210A and Factor V G1691A polymorphisms. The frequency of MTHFR polymorphisms was 677CT (n=84, 45.9%); 677TT (n=46, 25.1%); 1298AC (n=46, 25.1%); and 1298CC (n=2, 1.1%). The MTHFR 677TT genotype tended to increase the odds ratio (OR) to AVD events in HTN patients (OR 2.648, confidence interval 0.982-7.143, P=0.05). The group A demonstrated significantly higher Hcy levels (P=0.009), fibrinogen (P=0.004), and platelet counts (P=0.04) than group C. Group B had significantly higher levels of D-dimers (P=0.0001), platelet count (P=0.0002), and aCL (P=0.02) frequency than group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTHFR 677TT genotype and Hcy level could be potential risk factors associated with development of AVD in HTN patients receiving treatment. D-dimer and aCL might be useful to estimate the occurrence of VTE in them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joonhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyojin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gun Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Seog
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. microkim@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myungshin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. yonggoo@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yonggoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010976:Platelet Count; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D008055:Lipids; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D006710:Homocysteine; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin; D004247:DNA; C573423:MTHFR protein, human; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)
keywords: Atherosclerotic vascular disease; Homocysteine; Hypertension; MTHFR C677T; Venous thrombosis