title: Autonomic Modulation by Electrical Stimulation of the Parasympathetic Nervous System: An Emerging Intervention for Cardiovascular Diseases.
abstract: The cardiac autonomic nervous system has been known to play an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Autonomic modulation by electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which increases the parasympathetic activity and suppresses the sympathetic activity, is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review the recent literature on autonomic modulation by electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, including vagus nerve stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagal stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, and ganglionated plexi stimulation, in the treatment of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Zhibing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000503:physiopathology; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055536:Vagus Nerve Stimulation
keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Autonomic modulation; Autonomic nervous system; Heart failure; Ventricular arrhythmias