title: Andrographolide suppresses thymic stromal lymphopoietin in phorbol myristate acetate/calcium ionophore A23187-activated mast cells and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like mice model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory cutaneous diseases. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been demonstrated to be an important immunologic factor in the pathogenesis of AD. The production of TSLP can be induced by a high level of intracellular calcium concentration and activation of the receptor-interacting protein 2/caspase-1/NF-κB pathway. Andrographolide (ANDRO), a natural bicyclic diterpenoid lactone, has been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects in gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders through suppressing the NF-κB pathway.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of ANDRO on the production of TSLP in human mast cells and AD mice model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining assay to investigate the effects of ANDRO on AD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANDRO ameliorated the increase in the intracellular calcium, protein, and messenger RNA levels of TSLP induced by phorbol myristate acetate/calcium ionophore A23187, through the blocking of the receptor-interacting protein 2/caspase-1/NF-κB pathway in human mast cell line 1 cells. ANDRO, via oral or local administration, also attenuated clinical symptoms in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced AD mice model and suppressed the levels of TSLP in lesional skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, ANDRO may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD through suppressing the expression of TSLP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chun-xiao
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hua-guo
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ru-hong
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004224:Diterpenes; D000001:Calcimycin; C030419:andrographolide; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: andrographolide; atopic dermatitis; human mast cell; thymic stromal lymphopoietin