title: Growth factor release from dentine matrix by pulp-capping agents promotes pulp tissue repair-associated events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize growth factor release from dentine by pulp-capping agents and to determine the effects of liberated dentine extracellular matrix (dECM) components on pulp cells in the key wound healing processes of migration and cell growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Powdered human dentine was exposed to solutions of calcium hydroxide, white and grey mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (ProRoot, (Dentsply Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA) over 14 days. The solubilized dECM components were dialysed and lyophilized and characterized using multiplex quantitative ELISA. Following dECM component extraction dentine was analysed using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Primary rat dental pulp cells (RDPCs) were exposed to dECM components (0.1-100 μg mL-1) released by calcium hydroxide, white and grey MTA, and cell growth and chemotactic responses were assessed. Statistical differences between the experimental and control groups were determined using one-way anova.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A broad range of growth factors, many not previously reported in dentine, were liberated by these pulp-capping agents, including SCF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, IGFBP-1, NGF and GDNF. White and grey MTA liberated more growth factors than calcium hydroxide. FTIR analysis of dentine exposed to pulp-capping agents showed partial depletion of amide bands I, II and III, with little alteration in phosphate peaks compared to untreated dentine. dECM components released by white and grey MTA induced significantly more cell growth at low-to-moderate concentrations (P ≦ 0.05) examined in this study and significantly enhanced cell chemotaxis at all concentrations compared with controls (P ≦ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  White and grey MTA solubilize a broad range of bioactive molecules from dentine, which can induce proliferation and chemotaxis in pulp cells.
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology, The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tomson
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology, The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lumley
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology, The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology, The University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000624565:ProRoot MTA; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: 
  MTA
  ; dentine; pulp capping; pulp repair; regeneration; wound healing