title: Progress Toward Eliminating Hepatitis A Disease in the United States.
abstract: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) disease disproportionately affects adolescents and young adults, American Indian/Alaska Native and Hispanic racial/ethnic groups, and disadvantaged populations. During 1996-2006, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) made incremental changes in hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination recommendations to increase coverage for children and persons at high risk for HAV infection. This report examines the temporal association of ACIP-recommended HepA vaccination and disparities (on the absolute scale) in cases of HAV disease and on seroprevalence of HAV-related protection (measured as antibody to HAV [anti-HAV]). ACIP-recommended childhood HepA vaccination in the United States has eliminated most absolute disparities in HAV disease by age, race/ethnicity, and geographic area with relatively modest ≥1-dose and ≥2-dose vaccine coverage. However, the increasing proportion of cases of HAV disease among adults with identified and unidentified sources of exposure underscores the importance of considering new strategies for preventing HAV infection among U.S. adults. For continued progress to be made toward elimination of HAV disease in the United States, additional strategies are needed to prevent HAV infection among an emerging population of susceptible adults. Notably, HAV infection remains endemic in much of the world, contributing to U.S. cases through international travel and the global food economy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC.
authors.forename: Trudy V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Maxine M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Denniston
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Monina R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Klevens
authors.forename: Laurie D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Elam-Evans
authors.forename: Noele P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iskander
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060740:Disease Eradication; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines