title: The significance of macrophage phenotype in cancer and biomaterials.
abstract: Macrophages have long been known to exhibit heterogeneous and plastic phenotypes. They show functional diversity with roles in homeostasis, tissue repair, immunity and disease. There exists a spectrum of macrophage phenotypes with varied effector functions, molecular determinants, cytokine and chemokine profiles, as well as receptor expression. In tumor microenvironments, the subset of macrophages known as tumor-associated macrophages generates byproducts that enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis, making them attractive targets for anti-cancer therapeutics. With respect to wound healing and the foreign body response, there is a necessity for balance between pro-inflammatory, wound healing, and regulatory macrophages in order to achieve successful implantation of a scaffold for tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the multitude of ways macrophages are known to be important in cancer therapies and implanted biomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA. hcbygd@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Hannah C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bygd
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA. kivad@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Kiva D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Forsmark
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA. kbratlie@iastate.edu.|Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA. kbratlie@iastate.edu.|Ames National Laboratory, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA. kbratlie@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Kaitlin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bratlie
keywords: Anti-angiogenic therapy; Biomaterials; Cancer; Foreign body response; Macrophage reprogramming; Recruitment inhibition; Tissue engineering