title: Procoagulant effects of lung cancer chemotherapy: impact on microparticles and cell-free DNA.
abstract: Lung cancer is the second leading type of cancer, with venous thromboembolism being the second leading cause of death. Studies have shown increased levels of microparticles and cell-free DNA (CFDNA) in cancer patients, which can activate coagulation through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, respectively. However, the impact of lung cancer chemotherapy on microparticle and/or CFDNA generation is not completely understood. The aim of the study was to study the effects of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents on generation of procoagulant microparticles and CFDNA in vitro and in vivo. Microparticles were isolated from chemotherapy-treated monocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or cancer cells. Tissue factor (TF) and phosphatidylserine levels were characterized and thrombin/factor Xa generation assays were used to determine microparticle procoagulant activity. CFDNA levels were isolated from cell supernatants and plasma. A murine xenograft model of human lung carcinoma was used to study the procoagulant effects of TF microparticles and CFDNA in vivo. In vitro, platinum-based chemotherapy induced TF/phosphatidylserine microparticle shedding from A549 and A427 lung cancers cells, which enhanced thrombin generation in plasma in a FVII-dependent manner. CFDNA levels were increased in supernatants of chemotherapy-treated neutrophils and plasma of chemotherapy-treated mice. TF microparticles were elevated in plasma of chemotherapy-treated tumour-bearing mice. Plasma CFDNA levels are increased in chemotherapy-treated tumour-free mice and correlate with increased thrombin generation. In tumour-bearing mice, chemotherapy increases plasma levels of CFDNA and TF/phosphatidylserine microparticles. Platinum-based chemotherapy induces the shedding of TF/phosphatidylserine microparticles from tumour cells and the release of CFDNA from host neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: aDepartments of Medical Sciences, McMaster University bThrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI) cDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Zakhar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lysov
authors.forename: Dhruva J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Travis J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA