title: Comparative ultrastructure of pretarsi in five calyptrate species.
abstract: Pretarsi are the most important structures that allow flies to walk on various smooth surfaces and act as contact sensory organs. The pretarsal ultrastructure, including adhesive pads, claws, unguitractors, and bristles, of five calyptrate species are presented and described in detail, including Calliphora calliphoroides (Rohdendorf, 1931), Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Sarcophaga portschinskyi (Rohdendorf, 1937), Muscina stabulans (Fallen, 1817) and Portschinskia magnifica Pleske, 1926. Two types of tenent setae (spoon-tipped and spatula-tipped) are present on the ventral side of pulvilli in all species. The density of tenent setae and the pulvilli area in forelegs, midlegs, and hindlegs of both sexes are different. Among the five species, Ca. calliphoroides has unusually large pulvilli to its body size. These results provide morphological details that help to understand the movement and attachment of flies.
authors.affiliation: School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Q K
authors.initials: QK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.|Department of Zoology, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. ernest8445@163.com.|Department of Zoology, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China. ernest8445@163.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D004175:Diptera / Q000145:classification / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005121:Extremities / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000662:veterinary; D009117:Muscidae / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058618:Sensilla / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Calyptratae; Pretarsi; Scanning electronic microscopy; Ultrastructure