title: Fertility treatment in spinal cord injury and other neurologic disease.
abstract: Infertility in individuals with neurologic disorders is complex in etiology and manifestation. Its management therefore often requires a multimodal approach. This review addresses the implications of spinal cord injury (SCI) and other neurologic disease on fertility, including the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction, ejaculation disorders and compromised semen parameters. Available treatment approaches discussed include assisted ejaculation techniques and assisted reproductive technology including surgical sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA ; 2 Center for Reconstructive Urology and Men's Health, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trofimenko
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA ; 2 Center for Reconstructive Urology and Men's Health, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hotaling
keywords: Fertility; diabetes; ejaculatory dysfunction; electroejaculation (EEJ); epilepsy; erectile dysfunction (ED); in vitro fertilization (IVF); intrauterine insemination (IUI); multiple sclerosis (MS); neurogenic bladder; retrograde ejaculation; semen quality; spina bifida; spinal cord injury (SCI); testicular sperm extraction (TESE)