title: Separation of Nadolol Stereoisomers Using Chiralpak IA Chiral Stationary Phase.
abstract: Chiralpak IA adsorbent is used for both analytical and preparative chromatographic separation of nadolol stereoisomers. The results include a complete screening of the mobile phase composition for both the baseline resolution of all four nadolol stereoisomers (analytical separation) and the simulated moving bed (SMB) pseudo-binary separation of the most retained stereoisomer. The experimental results show that analytical baseline resolution of nadolol stereoisomers can be achieved using alcohol/hydrocarbon and alcohol/acetonitrile solvent mixtures. The 10%ethanol/90%acetonitrile mixture is presented as the one that presents baseline resolution with lower retention. For the preparative pseudo-binary separation, pure ethanol, pure methanol, alcohol/acetonitrile, and alcohol/tetrahydrofuran mixtures proved to allow good separation results. The 100%methanol/0.1%diethylamine solvent composition was selected to perform the experimental SMB separation. Using a 10 g/L total feed concentration, the more retained stereoisomer was recovered at the extract outlet stream with 99.5% purity, obtaining a system productivity of 1.98 gL(-1)  h(-1) and requiring a solvent consumption of 3.13 L/g of product. Comparing these results with the ones recently presented by Ribeiro et al. (2013), this work shows that the Chiralpak IA chiral adsorbent is an interesting alternative to Chiralpak AD for the separation of nadolol stereoisomers at both analytical and preparative scales. Chirality 28:399-408, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rami S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Arafah
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: António E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alírio E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pais
keywords: chiral liquid chromatography; immobilized chiral stationary phase; nadolol stereoisomers; screening of solvents