title: Voxel-based statistical analysis of brain metabolism in patients with growth hormone deficiency after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the regional cerebral metabolism related to growth hormone deficiency (GHD) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) images.
  
  
  
  Twenty-three patients with diffuse axonal injury following TBI were enrolled. They underwent brain F-18 FDG PET study and an insulin tolerance test (ITT). According to the results of ITT, they were divided into two groups: patients with GHD and subjects with TBI but normal Growth Hormone (GH). Voxel-based statistical analysis was performed and the regional cerebral glucose metabolism shown on F-18 FDG PET from 10 patients with GHD was compared with those from 13 patients without GHD. Analysis was performed using SPM2 to identify regions where decreased changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism were significantly related to GHD.
  
  
  
  Compared with subjects with TBI but normal GH, patients with GHD after TBI showed decreased cerebral glucose metabolism in the Left superior frontal gyrus, Right angular gyrus, Right superior temporal gyrus, Left inferior temporal gyrus, Left anterior and middle cingulate gyrus and Right anterior and middle cingulate gyrus. (puncorrected< 0.005).
  
  
  
  The findings are suggestive of the brain region influenced by GHD. These cortical areas are involved in regulation of intellectual function, executive function and working memory.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine.
authors.forename: Ki Deok
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine.
authors.forename: Oh Kyung
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurosurgery , Gachon University, Gil Medical Centre , Incheon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: c Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Wook
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: d Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology , Gachon University, Gil Medical Centre , Incheon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sihoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: e Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yongbum
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine.
authors.forename: Ju Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005947:Glucose
keywords: PET; Traumatic brain injury; cognition; growth hormone