title: Lack of Correlation Between Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammation Markers in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Simultaneous, Two-Compartmental Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The origin of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients remains to be defined, but one of the most widely accepted hypothesis is the 'spill over' of inflammatory mediators from the lung to the circulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between pulmonary and systemic inflammation in COPD quantifying several inflammatory markers in sputum and serum determined simultaneously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations between various inflammatory variables (TNF-α, IL6, IL8) in sputum and serum were evaluated in 133 patients from the PAC-COPD cohort study. A secondary objective was the evaluation of relationships between inflammatory variables and lung function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammatory markers were clearly higher in sputum than in serum. No significant correlation was found (absolute value, r=0.03-0.24) between inflammatory markers in blood and in sputum. There were no significant associations identified between those markers and lung function variables, such as FEV1, DLCO and PaO2 neither.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no correlation between pulmonary and systemic inflammation in patients with stable COPD, suggesting different pathogenic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), Palma de Mallorca, España; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España.
authors.forename: Belen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Núñez
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), Palma de Mallorca, España; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España. Electronic address: jaume.sauleda@ssib.es.
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sauleda
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, España; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia-Aymerich
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), Palma de Mallorca, España; Servei d'Anàlisis Clíniques, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España.
authors.forename: Aina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noguera
authors.affiliation: CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monsó
authors.affiliation: CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Mecanismos de Predisposición al Cáncer de Pulmón, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, España; Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barreiro
authors.affiliation: CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, España; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antó
authors.affiliation: CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Institut del Tòrax, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Alvar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agusti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D044967:Serum; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Bronquitis crónica; C-reactive protein; Chronic bronchitis; Citoquinas; Cytokines; Emphysema; Enfisema; Proteína C reactiva