title: Zearalenone and its metabolites in the tissues of female wild boars exposed per os to mycotoxins.
abstract: The study was performed on 18 clinically healthy female wild boars with initial body weight of 35 ± 2 kg. The animals were divided into two experimental groups (group I and group II) and one control group (group C) of 6 female wild boars per group. Group I animals were administered per os pure zearalenone (ZEN) at 150 μg/kg BW every two months for 7 subsequent days, whereas group II animals received feed naturally contaminated with ZEN at 50 μg/kg BW/day. Female wild boars were exposed to ZEN over a period of 1 year. Control group animals were fed a placebo. Tissue samples (dorsal muscles, left lobe of liver, left kidney, spleen, apical part of the cardiac muscle, cranial lobe of lung, left ovary, central part of the left horn of the uterus) were collected on the last day of the experiment within 3 min after slaughter. In group I, the highest ZEN levels were noted in the spleen (19.813 ng/g), cardiac muscle (18.105 ng/g) and kidneys (14.555 ng/g). In group II, the highest concentrations of ZEN were observed in muscle tissue (12.033 ng/g), uterus (10.821 ng/g) and kidneys (10.463 ng/g). The highest values of the carry-over factor were noted in the same tissues. In the examined female wild boars, per os exposure to natural sources of the parent substance or a combination of ZEN and its metabolites led to different concentrations of ZEN in the analyzed tissues. Zearalenone concentrations were compatible with CF values in both experimental groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: mgaja@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajęcka
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: piotr.slawuta@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sławuta
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: jakob.nicpon@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicpoń
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: roman.kolacz@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kołacz
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: zdzislaw.kielbowicz@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Zdzisław
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiełbowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: lukasz.zielonka@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Zielonka
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dąbrowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szweda
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: gajecki@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajęcki
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Diagnostics and Biochemical Innovations Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: jozef.nicpon@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Józef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicpoń
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: Carry-over factor; Exposure; Female wild boars; Tissues; Zearalenone