title: Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Human Papillomavirus Cervicovaginal Infection in Women in the United States.
abstract: A sufficient level of vitamin D enhances protection against several infectious diseases; however, its association with cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has not been studied.
  
  
  
  Data for this cross-sectional study were from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. A total of 2353 sexually active women for whom cervicovaginal HPV infection status and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level were known were studied. Associations between serum 25(OH)D levels (continuous and categorical forms) and cervicovaginal HPV infection (due to high-risk HPV or vaccine-type HPV) were estimated using weighted logistic regression.
  
  
  
  After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and marital status, the odds of high-risk HPV infection were increased per each 10 ng/mL decrease in serum 25(OH)D level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.27). Similarly, the odds of vaccine-type HPV infection were increased in women with vitamin D levels that were severely deficient (serum 25[OH]D level, <12 ng/mL; aOR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.32-6.38), deficient (12-19 ng/mL; aOR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.08-4.45), and insufficient (20-29 ng/mL; aOR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.22-3.93), compared with those with vitamin D levels that were sufficient (≥30 ng/mL).
  
  
  
  Cervicovaginal HPV prevalence is associated with less-than-optimal levels of serum vitamin D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Business Intelligence and Analytics, Texas Children's Health Plan, Houston.
authors.forename: Jinhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Symanski
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston.
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nyitray
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HPV; NHANES; cervix; human papillomavirus; vitamin D