title: The role of trigeminal function in the sensation of nasal obstruction in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Trigeminal sensation (TS) within the nasal cavity is important for the perception of nasal airflow. The objective of this study is to examine whether impaired TS contributes to the sensation of nasal obstruction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  
  
  
  Prospective case-control study conducted in a tertiary referral rhinology clinic.
  
  
  
  Cases consisted of CRS patients with subjective nasal obstruction, not previously treated with oral corticoids. Controls consisted of patients without CRS. Neither group demonstrated obvious anatomical obstructions. Both groups underwent peak nasal inspiratory flows (PNIF), olfactory testing (quick eight-item odor identification test), and trigeminal testing (lateralization task using eucalyptol and odorless solvent).
  
  
  
  A total of 28 subjects (14 CRS patients and 14 controls) were recruited. Analyses revealed no statistical differences in age (P = .93), gender (P = .47), or PNIF (P = .82) between the two groups, but they differed in Lund-Mackay scores (P < .001). There was no significant difference in olfactory testing (P = .15). CRS patients had significantly lower scores on trigeminal lateralization testing than controls (P = .007). Linear regression revealed that Lund-Mackay scores contributed a significant amount of variance to trigeminal lateralization scores, controlling for age and sex (F = 5.93, P = .004, R(2) = 0.43).
  
  
  
  This is the first study to demonstrate that patients with CRS have lower TS than healthy controls. Our results suggest defective TS could play a role in the sensation of nasal obstruction in CRS.
  
  
  
  3b. Laryngoscope, 126:E174-E178, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naif
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fnais
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Junie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Carriere
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frenkiel
authors.affiliation: Research Chair for Chemosensory Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, University of Quebec in Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.|Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frasnelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tewfik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007320:Inspiratory Capacity; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D055696:Olfactory Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012677:Sensation; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012903:Smell; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Trigeminal sensation; chronic rhinosinusitis; inflammation; nasal obstruction; olfaction