title: Assessment of dietary lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene intakes and sources in the Spanish survey of dietary intake (2009-2010).
abstract: We assessed the intake and major dietary sources of lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene (non-provitamin A carotenoids) in Spain using food consumption data from the Spanish National Dietary Intake Survey (2009-2010). Three-day diaries and one 24-h recall were used to collect dietary data and a software application that includes HPLC data was used. Average intake of those carotenoids was 4290.8 μg/d (67.1% total carotenoid intake), mainly from vegetables (3414.0 μg/d), followed by fruits (393.5 μg/d), oils/fats (204.0 μg/d) and eggs/egg products (170.0 μg/d). Main sources of lutein and zeaxanthin were vegetables (62.9% total diet, 1235.2 μg/person/d). Lycopene intake was 3055.6 μg/d (71.2% of non-provitamin A carotenoids), mainly from tomato and by-products (86.3%) and watermelon. Red- and orange-colored fruits and vegetables were the major contributors of non-provitamin carotenoids (3219.0 μg/person/d). Balanced diets should favor fruits and vegetables over other dietary sources (oils, eggs, processed foods) that contain components to be consumed with moderation.
authors.affiliation: a Instituto De Ciencia Y Tecnología De Alimentos Y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain ;
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estévez-Santiago
authors.affiliation: b Facultad De Farmacia , Universidad Complutense De Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beltrán-de-Miguel
authors.affiliation: a Instituto De Ciencia Y Tecnología De Alimentos Y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain ;
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olmedilla-Alonso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D065146:Zeaxanthins; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Bioactive compounds; food consumption survey; non-provitamin A carotenoids