title: Blood oxygen-level dependent functional assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity: Feasibility for intraoperative 3 Tesla MRI.
abstract: To assess the feasibility of functional blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) MRI to evaluate intraoperative cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) at 3 Tesla field strength.
  
  
  
  Ten consecutive neurosurgical subjects scheduled for a clinical intraoperative MRI examination were enrolled in this study. In addition to the clinical protocol a BOLD sequence was implemented with three cycles of 44 s apnea to calculate CVR values on a voxel-by-voxel basis throughout the brain. The CVR range was then color-coded and superimposed on an anatomical volume to create high spatial resolution CVR maps.
  
  
  
  Ten subjects (mean age 34.8 ± 13.4; 2 females) uneventfully underwent the intraoperative BOLD protocol, with no complications occurring. Whole-brain CVR for all subjects was (mean ± SD) 0.69 ± 0.42, whereas CVR was markedly higher for tumor subjects as compared to vascular subjects, 0.81 ± 0.44 versus 0.33 ± 0.10, respectively. Furthermore, color-coded functional maps could be robustly interpreted for a whole-brain assessment of CVR.
  
  
  
  We demonstrate that intraoperative BOLD MRI is feasible in creating functional maps to assess cerebrovascular reactivity throughout the brain in subjects undergoing a neurosurgical procedure. Magn Reson Med 77:806-813, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jorn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fierstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jan-Karl
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christiaan Hendrik Bas
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Niftrik
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccirelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pangalu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-anesthesia, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kocian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marian Christoph
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neidert
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valavanis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bozinov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: 3 Tesla; MRI; brain; cerebrovascular reactivity; hemodynamics; intraoperative