title: Decellularized allogeneic intervertebral disc: natural biomaterials for regenerating disc degeneration.
abstract: Intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with back pain and disc herniation. This study established a modified protocol for intervertebral disc (IVD) decellularization and prepared its extracellular matrix (ECM). By culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)(3, 7, 14 and 21 days) and human degenerative IVD cells (7 days) in the ECM, implanting it subcutaneously in rabbit and injecting ECM microparticles into degenerative disc, the biological safety and efficacy of decellularized IVD was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that cellular components can be removed completely after decellularization and maximally retain the structure and biomechanics of native IVD. We revealed that allogeneic ECM did not evoke any apparent inflammatory reaction in vivo and no cytotoxicity was found in vitro. Moreover, IVD ECM can induce differentiation of MSCs into IVD-like cells in vitro. Furthermore, allogeneic ECM microparticles are effective on the treatment of rabbit disc degeneration in vivo. In conclusion, our study developed an optimized method for IVD decellularization and we proved decellularized IVD is safe and effective for the treatment of degenerated disc diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xianfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiangqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenbing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shunwu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology*; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: Pathology Section; decellularization; disc degeneration; extracellular matrix; intervertebral disc; mesenchymal stem cell