title: The efficiency of gait plate insole for children with in-toeing gait due to femoral antetorsion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most common gait disorders in children is in-toeing. Few studies have examined the efficacy gait plate insole in in-toeing. we used more precise apparatus than previous studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of gait plate insole on the angle of gait and center of pressure displacement in children with in-toeing gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-experimental before -after study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The angle of gait and center of pressure displacement were measured in 17 children aged 4-10 years with in-toeing gait. The RS scan pressure platform was employed to perform walking tests in three conditions including barefoot, with shoes only, and gait plate insole with shoes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gait plate insole with shoes as well as shoes alone produced a significant 11.1° and 3.85° increase in the angle of gait in in-toeing children respectively ( p < 0.05). The medial-lateral displacement of center of pressure showed a significant difference (3 mm) in shoes only condition when compared with barefoot condition. The shoes only and gait plate insole compared with barefoot condition increased the anterior-posterior displacement by 28 and 30 mm respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gait plate insole with ordinary shoes and shoes only were able to increase angle of gait and the center of pressure displacement in the anterior-posterior direction in children with in-toeing gait due to excessive femoral anteversion. Clinical relevance The use of a gait plate insole inserted in ordinary shoes can improve gait appearance in children with in-toeing gait caused by Excessive femoral anteversion.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganjehie
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saeedi
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Behshid
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farahmand
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiff School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curran
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D061826:Foot Orthoses; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000070592:Metatarsus Varus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004856:Postural Balance; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012775:Shoes; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: In-toeing gait; angle of gait; center of pressure displacement; gait plate insole