title: Facile and rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus using metallic nanoparticles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory infection in infants, children and elderly. Currently, there is no effective vaccine or RSV specific drug for the treatment. However, an antiviral drug ribavirin and palivizumab is prescribed along with symptomatic treatment. RSV detection is important to ensure appropriate treatment of children. Most commonly used detection methods for RSV are DFA, ELISA and Real-time PCR which are expensive and time consuming. Newer approach of plasmonic detection techniques like localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy using metallic nanomaterials has gained interest recently. The LSPR spectroscopy is simple and easy than the current biophysical detection techniques like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and mass-spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we utilized LSPR shifting as an RSV detection method by using an anti-RSV polyclonal antibody conjugated to metallic nanoparticles (Cu, Ag and Au). Nanoparticles were synthesized using alginate as a reducing and stabilizing agent. RSV dose and time dependent LSPR shifting was measured for all three metallic nanoparticles (non-functionalized and functionalized). Specificity of the functionalized nanoparticles for RSV was evaluated in the presence Pseudomonas aeruginosa and adenovirus. We found that functionalized copper nanoparticles were efficient in RSV detection. Functionalized copper and silver nanoparticles were specific for RSV, when tested in the presence of adenovirus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values reveal that functionalized copper nanoparticles are superior in comparison with silver and gold nanoparticles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates successful application of LSPR for RSV detection, and it provides an easy and inexpensive alternative method for the potential development of LSPR-based detection devices.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Materiales I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Laboratorios Especializados, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba, 66451, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. jesus.valdez91@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.affiliation: Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627, Harris way, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA. swapnilsbawage@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Swapnil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bawage
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Materiales I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Laboratorios Especializados, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba, 66451, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. idaliagomezmx@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Idalia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627, Harris way, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA. ssingh@alasu.edu.
authors.forename: Shree Ram
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069455:Palivizumab / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper; D000069455:Palivizumab