title: Is container type the biggest predictor of trace element and BPA leaching from drinking water bottles?
abstract: The knowledge-base of bottled water leachate is highly contradictory due to varying methodologies and limited multi-elemental and/or molecular analyses; understanding the range of contaminants and their pathways is required. This study determined the leaching potential and leaching kinetics of trace elements, using consistent comprehensive quantitative and semi-quantitative (79 elements total) analyses, and BPA, using isotopic dilution and MEPS pre-concentration with UHPLC-ESI-QTOF. Statistical methods were used to determine confounders and predictors of leaching and human health risk throughout 12days of UV exposure and after exposure to elevated temperature. Various types of water were used to assess the impact of water quality. Results suggest Sb leaching is primarily dependent upon water quality, not container type. Bottle type is a predictor of elemental leaching for Pb, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn and Sr; BPA was detected in samples from polycarbonate containers. Health risks from the consumption of bottled water increase after UV exposure.
authors.affiliation: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: candace.rowell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rowell
authors.affiliation: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.affiliation: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Preud'Homme
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D019064:Product Packaging; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D060766:Drinking Water; D010636:Phenols; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005506:polycarbonate; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Antimony; Bisphenol A; Bottled water; Leachate; PET; Risk assessment; Trace elements