title: [Accuracy of three common optometry methods in examination of refraction in juveniles].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the results of the three methods of Suresight handheld autorefractor, table-mounted autorefractor and retinoscopy in examination of juveniles patients with or without cycloplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, 156 eyes of 78 juveniles (5 to 17 years old) were examined by using WelchAllyn Suresight handheld autorefractor and NIDEK ARK-510A table-mounted autorefractor with or without cycloplegia; secondly, retinoscopy was performed with cycloplegia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The spherical power measured by methods without cycloplegia were significantly greater than those measured with cycloplegia (P<0.05); without cycloplegia, there was no significant difference in spherical power, cylindrical power and cylindrical axis between Suresight handheld autorefractor and retinoscopy (P>0.05). These results were highly consistent, suggesting a tendency towards a short sight. However, the spherical power and cylindrical power measured by table-mounted autorefractor was significantly different (P<0.05); with cycloplegia, there was significant difference in spherical power between Suresight handheld autorefractor and retinoscopy (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cycloplegic retinoscopy is necessary for juvenile refraction examination. Under natural pupil situation, Suresight handheld autorefractor is better than table-mounted autorefractor, though both show a myopia tendency. Nevertheless, table-mounted autorefractor can be taken as a recommendation for the prescription of lens trial. As a strong reference for subjective optometry, retinoscopy should be the gold standard for measuring refractive errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Shuangzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Fengyun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Xingping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Yanni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Shaoling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis; D009907:Optometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors; D042262:Retinoscopy