title: Phylogeography of a semi-aquatic bug, Microvelia horvathi (Hemiptera: Veliidae): an evaluation of historical, geographical and ecological factors.
abstract: Subtropical China is a centre of speciation and well known for its high biological diversity and endemism. To understand the impact of historical, geographical and ecological factors on the intraspecific lineage divergence of invertebrates, we examined these processes in a semiaquatic bug, Microvelia horvathi (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Three hypotheses were developed using ecological niche models (ENM). We tested these hypotheses using mitochondrial (COI + COII) and nuclear data (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2). The phylogenic analysis revealed a shallow divergence in mitochondrial data. Clade I was mostly confined to the northern region and clade II was nearly restricted to the southern region. The historical process of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations during the LGM promoted divergence, along with such geographical barriers as the Wuyi, Nanling and Xuefeng mountains and ecological factors of temperature and vegetation type, contributed to these shallow genetic divergences and helped maintain them. The north-south population differentiation probably occurred during the transition from LIG to LGM, with post-LGM population expansion. The results of genetic data were mostly consistent with the spatial predictions from ENM. Our study emphasizes the multiple effects influencing genetic population differentiation, and also contributes to our knowledge of the phylogeography of other aquatic organisms in subtropical China.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.|Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 Binshui West Road, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Gengping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damgaard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Biodiversity Centre Naturalis, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D002980:Climate; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017344:Genes, Insect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial