title: Evaluation of virulence factors of Candida albicans isolated from HIV-positive individuals using HAART.
abstract: The colonization by Candida species is one of the most important factors related to the development of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected individuals. The aim of the study was to evaluate and discuss the phospholipase, proteinase, DNAse and haemolytic activities of Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of HIV individuals with high efficiency antiretroviral therapy. Seventy-five isolates of C. albicans obtained from saliva samples of patients with HIV and 41 isolates from HIV-negative individuals were studied. Haemolytic activity was determined in Sabouraud dextrose agar plates containing 3% glucose and 7% sheep red cells. Culture medium containing DNA base-agar, egg yolk, and bovine albumin were used to determine DNase, phospholipase and proteinase activities, respectively. All isolates from the HIV patients group had haemolytic activity, 98% showed phospholipase activity, 92% were positive for proteinase and 32% DNAse activity. Regarding the group of indivídios HIV negative, all 41 isolates presented hemolytic activity, 90.2% showed phospholipase and proteinase activity and 12.2% were positive for DNAse. The phospholipase activity was more intense for the group of HIV positive individuals. DNase production was more frequently observed in the group of HIV-positive individuals. The percentage of isolates having DNAse activity was also significantly different between the groups of patients not using any antiretroviral therapy, those using transcriptase inhibitors and those using transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitor in combination.
authors.affiliation: Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: ralciane2@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ralciane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Paula Menezes
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program at Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Érika Bezerra
authors.initials: ÉB
authors.lastname: de Melo Riceto
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aércio Sebastião
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Von Dolingër
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: de Brito Röder
authors.affiliation: Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Reginaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: dos Santos Pedroso
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D003470:Culture Media; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D037521:Virulence Factors; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D010740:Phospholipases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Candida albicans; Exoenzyme; HIV; virulence factors