title: High Efficiency Tandem Thin-Perovskite/Polymer Solar Cells with a Graded Recombination Layer.
abstract: Perovskite-containing tandem solar cells are attracting attention for their potential to achieve high efficiencies. We demonstrate a series connection of a ∼ 90 nm thick perovskite front subcell and a ∼ 100 nm thick polymer:fullerene blend back subcell that benefits from an efficient graded recombination layer containing a zwitterionic fullerene, silver (Ag), and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). This methodology eliminates the adverse effects of thermal annealing or chemical treatment that occurs during perovskite fabrication on polymer-based front subcells. The record tandem perovskite/polymer solar cell efficiency of 16.0%, with low hysteresis, is 75% greater than that of the corresponding ∼ 90 nm thick perovskite single-junction device and 65% greater than that of the polymer single-junction device. The high efficiency of this hybrid tandem device, achieved using only a ∼ 90 nm thick perovskite layer, provides an opportunity to substantially reduce the lead content in the device, while maintaining the high performance derived from perovskites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Renna
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.|Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology , Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
authors.forename: Monojit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Zachariah A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Jaewon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Russell
keywords: fullerene interlayers; high efficiency; high open-circuit voltage; interface engineering; inverted structure; perovskite solar cells; polymer solar cells; tandem solar cells