title: Overexpression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Is Associated With Penile Cancer Progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) expression in penile cancer and its association with oncologic outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays were constructed from 53 patients treated at our institution. Expression of IGF1R was evaluated using a Her2-like scoring system. Overexpression was defined as 1+ or greater membranous staining. Association of IGF1R expression with pathologic features was assessed with comparative statistics, and association with local recurrence, progression to nodal or distance metastases, or death was assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, IGF1R overexpression was seen in 33 (62%) cases. With a median follow-up of 27.8 months, IGF1R overexpression was associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (P  =  .003). In a multivariable model controlling for grade, T stage, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular invasion, IGF1R expression was independently associated with disease progression (hazard ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.1, P  =  .03. Comparing patients without IGF1R overexpression to those with overexpression, 5-year PFS was 94.1% vs 45.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF1R overexpression was associated with inferior PFS in penile cancer. Drugs that target IGF1R and downstream messengers may have a therapeutic benefit in patients that exhibit IGF1R overexpression.
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: mark.ball@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Stephania M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Norte University, Office of Scientific Research, Asunción, Paraguay.
authors.forename: Alcides
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Sheila F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Faraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Nilda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Roibon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Rajni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Trinity J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Burnett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1