title: Easily identified at-risk patients for extubation failure may benefit from noninvasive ventilation: a prospective before-after study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While studies have suggested that prophylactic noninvasive ventilation (NIV) could prevent post-extubation respiratory failure in the intensive care unit, they appear inconsistent with regard to reintubation. We assessed the impact of a prophylactic NIV protocol on reintubation in a large population of at-risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective before-after study performed in the medical ICU of a teaching referral hospital. In the control cohort, we determined that patients older than 65 years and those with underlying cardiac or respiratory disease were at high-risk for reintubation. In the interventional cohort, we implemented a protocol using prophylactic NIV in all patients intubated at least 24 h and having one of these risk factors. NIV was immediately applied after planned extubation during at least the first 24 hours. Extubation failure was defined by the need for reintubation within seven days following extubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 83 patients at high-risk among 132 extubated patients in the control cohort (12-month period) and 150 patients at high-risk among 225 extubated patients in the NIV cohort (18-month period). The reintubation rate was significantly decreased from 28% in the control cohort (23/83) to 15% (23/150) in the NIV cohort (p = 0.02 log-rank test), whereas the non-at-risk patients did not significantly differ in the two periods (10.2% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.93). After multivariate logistic-regression analysis, the use of prophylactic NIV protocol was independently associated with extubation success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implementation of prophylactic NIV after extubation may reduce the reintubation rate in a large population of patients with easily identified risk factors for extubation failure.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Poitiers, Réanimation Médicale, Poitiers, France. aw.thille@gmail.com.|INSERM CIC 1402 (ALIVE group), Poitiers, France. aw.thille@gmail.com.|Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine, Poitiers, France. aw.thille@gmail.com.|AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Service de Réanimation Médicale, CARMAS Research Group, Créteil, 94010, France. aw.thille@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arnaud W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thille
authors.affiliation: CHU de Poitiers, Réanimation Médicale, Poitiers, France. floboissier@yahoo.fr.|INSERM CIC 1402 (ALIVE group), Poitiers, France. floboissier@yahoo.fr.|Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine, Poitiers, France. floboissier@yahoo.fr.|AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Service de Réanimation Médicale, CARMAS Research Group, Créteil, 94010, France. floboissier@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boissier
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Service de Réanimation Médicale, CARMAS Research Group, Créteil, 94010, France. hassen.ghezala@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hassen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben-Ghezala
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Service de Réanimation Médicale, CARMAS Research Group, Créteil, 94010, France. keyvan.razazi@hmn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Razazi
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Service de Réanimation Médicale, CARMAS Research Group, Créteil, 94010, France. armand.dessap@hmn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mekontso-Dessap
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Service de Réanimation Médicale, CARMAS Research Group, Créteil, 94010, France. christian.brun-buisson@hmn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brun-Buisson
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. brochardl@smh.ca.|Keenan Research Institute and Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. brochardl@smh.ca.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brochard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060666:Airway Extubation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D065187:Controlled Before-After Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000379:methods*