title: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep apnea is temporary cessation or absence of breathing during sleep. Significant increase in blood pressure is clinically seen in apneic episodes. The aim of this study was to examine sleep apnea syndrome as a risk factor for non- arthritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in a case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen NAION patients (9 men and 10 women) and 31 age and sex matched control participants (18 men and 13 women) were evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Full night polysomnography was performed and proportion of OSAS was compared between the NAION patients and the control group. Other risk factors for NAION such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease and tobacco consumption were also evaluated. Chi square test and independent samples t-test were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OF the 19 NAION patients, 18 (95%) had OSAS, and of the control group 13 (41.9%) had OSAS. The frequency of OSAS was significantly higher among NAION patients compared to the controls (p< 0.001). The Mean Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) was 37.65/h SD= 37.61/h in NAION patients and it was 15.05/h SD= 11.97/h (p= 0.018) in controls. The frequency of diabetes and hypertension was significantly higher in the NAION patients than in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  based on the results of this study, it seems that there is an association between NAION and OSAS.
authors.affiliation: MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Fellowship, Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mirfarhadg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mir Farhad
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ghaleh Bandi
authors.affiliation: MD, MPH, Assistant Professor of Social Medicine, Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Naserbakht.m@iums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naserbakht
authors.affiliation: MD, Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ali.tabasi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabasi
authors.affiliation: MD, Dermatologist, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. azin12@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Azin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marghaiezadeh
authors.affiliation: MD, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mreyazi@noorvision.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riazee Esfahani
authors.affiliation: BS, Noor Sleep Center, Tehran, Iran. zgolzarian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Golzarian
keywords: Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy; Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; Polysomnography; Respiratory Disturbance Index