title: Error rate of automated choroidal segmentation using swept-source optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the error rate of automated choroidal segmentation and the effect of frame averaging on error rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A horizontal B scan at the fovea was performed in patients having various retinochoroidal disorders using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) with frame-averaging technique. Scanned images were classified into four morphological groups: normal from fellow eyes (NF ), normal from pathologic eyes (NP ), retinal abnormality (R) and retinochoroidal abnormality (RC) group. Choroidal segmentation was automatically performed using built-in software of a swept-source OCT device, and the error rate of choroidal segmentation was analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Qualified images for all four averaging types with different number of averaged frames were acquired in 89 eyes of 77 patients. Images of 12, 20, 24 and 33 eyes were classified as NF , NP , R and RC group, respectively. The choroidal segmentation error was detected in 1-2 images (8.3-16.7%) in the NF group, 3-6 images (15.0-30.0%) in the NP group, 4-8 images (16.7-33.3%) in the R group and 17-19 images (51.5-57.6%) in the RC group. The error rate was significantly higher in RC group than other groups (p < 0.05). Increasing the number of frames for averaging showed no significant effect on the error rate in all groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated choroidal segmentation showed a high error rate in images with choroidal abnormalities, and the averaging effect could not reduce the error rate significantly. Thus, further technological improvement is needed to increase the accuracy of the automated choroidal segmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mingui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Doo Ri
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Eo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gyule
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Don-Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Ham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: automated choroidal segmentation; swept-source optical coherence tomography