title: Therapeutic evaluation of rutin in two-kidney one-clip model of renovascular hypertension in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current investigation, designed to investigate the role of rutin in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) induced renovascular dysfunction associated with hypertension in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  The renovascular hypertension was developed by the application of vascular clip on left renal artery in rats; the right kidney was kept as such throughout the experimental protocol. The rutin (200 and 300 mg/kg; p.o.) and aliskiren (50mg/kg; p.o.) were administered for 9 consecutive days. The battery of pathophysiological tests i.e., systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate were performed to assess the anti-hypertensive effect of rutin. In addition, changes of kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW) ratio along with plasma renin content and renal tissue biomarkers i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBAR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of rutin significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the 2K1C of left kidney induced elevated systolic and diastolic pressure in a dose dependent manner. In addition, it also reduces the ratio of KW/BW along with a decrease in plasma renin content, tissue TBARS and increase the GSH levels. There were no significant changes observed in heart rate. Similar results were observed in aliskiren treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-hypertensive effect of rutin may be a useful herbal medicine for the management of hypertension due to its potential free radical scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and plasma renin inhibitory action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Akal College of Pharmacy & Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur 148001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Akal College of Pharmacy & Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur 148001, Punjab, India. Electronic address: arunachalammu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arunachalam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muthuraman
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012431:Rutin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005650:Fumarates; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C446481:aliskiren; D012431:Rutin; D012083:Renin; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Aliskiren; Goldblatt method; Reduced glutathione; Rutin; Thiobarbituric acid; Two-kidney one-clip