title: Prevalences of Peripheral Arterial Disease Diagnosed by Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with the use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), although several reports have examined its prevalence using an ankle brachial index (ABI). We aimed to determine the prevalence of PAD indicated by CTA in patients with AIS and to clarify the prevalence of PAD in each clinical ischemic stroke subtype.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 199 consecutive patients with AIS admitted to our hospital and divided them into PAD and non-PAD groups according to the CTA findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 199 patients, 40 (20.1%) had PAD; 27 (67.5%) of the PAD patients were asymptomatic. The prevalence of abnormal ABI (≤.9) was 12.2%. Patients with PAD were older (78.3 ± 10.2 versus 71.5 ± 10.9, P <.001) and had a significantly lower ABI value (.89 ± .24 versus 1.15 ± .09, P <.001) and higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (50.0% versus 31.4%, P = .028), atrial fibrillation (40.0% versus 16.4%, P = .001), coronary artery disease (32.5% versus 8.2%, P <.001), and intracranial arterial stenosis (47.5% versus 28.9%, P = .025) than patients without PAD. The prevalence of cerebral microbleeds was not different between patients with PAD and those without PAD (25.6% versus 25.4%, P = .985). The prevalence of PAD among ischemic stroke subtypes was highest in patients with cardioembolic infarction (40.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost one fourth of the AIS patients examined had PAD on CTA. Cardioembolic infarction patients showed the highest prevalence of PAD among the clinical ischemic subtypes, suggesting the coexistence of atheromatous diseases and atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. Electronic address: hi-naito@outlook.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kasane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurashige
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokinobu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; ankle brachial index; computed tomography angiography; peripheral arterial disease