title: High-speed X-ray imaging pixel array detector for synchrotron bunch isolation.
abstract: A wide-dynamic-range imaging X-ray detector designed for recording successive frames at rates up to 10 MHz is described. X-ray imaging with frame rates of up to 6.5 MHz have been experimentally verified. The pixel design allows for up to 8-12 frames to be stored internally at high speed before readout, which occurs at a 1 kHz frame rate. An additional mode of operation allows the integration capacitors to be re-addressed repeatedly before readout which can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of cyclical processes. This detector, along with modern storage ring sources which provide short (10-100 ps) and intense X-ray pulses at megahertz rates, opens new avenues for the study of rapid structural changes in materials. The detector consists of hybridized modules, each of which is comprised of a 500 µm-thick silicon X-ray sensor solder bump-bonded, pixel by pixel, to an application-specific integrated circuit. The format of each module is 128 × 128 pixels with a pixel pitch of 150 µm. In the prototype detector described here, the three-side buttable modules are tiled in a 3 × 2 array with a full format of 256 × 384 pixels. The characteristics, operation, testing and application of the detector are detailed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Hugh T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Prafull
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Purohit
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Joel T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Sol M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gruner
mesh_terms: D017356:Synchrotrons
keywords: X-ray detector; area detector; high frame rate; imaging detector; pixel array detectors; time-resolved imaging