title: Client-perpetrated and husband-perpetrated violence among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India: HIV/STI risk across personal and work contexts.
abstract: This study examines violence experienced in work and personal contexts and relation to HIV risk factors in these contexts among female sex workers (FSW) in Andhra Pradesh, India.
  
  
  
  FSW at least 18 years of age (n=2335) were recruited through three rounds of respondent-driven sampling between 2006 and 2010 for a survey on HIV risk. Using crude and adjusted logistic regression models, any sexual/physical violence (last 6 months) perpetrated by clients and husbands were separately assessed in association with accepting more money for sex without a condom (last 30 days), consistent condom use with clients and husbands (last 30 days), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms (last 6 months).
  
  
  
  The mean age among participants was 32, 22% reported being currently married, and 22% and 21% reported physical/sexual violence by clients and husbands, respectively. In adjusted logistic regression models, FSW who experienced client violence were more likely to report accepting more money for unprotected sex trades (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2), less likely to report consistent condom use with clients (AOR=0.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.7) and more likely to report STI symptoms (AOR=3.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 4.6). Women who reported husband violence were more likely to report accepting more money for unprotected sex trades (AOR=2.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.7), less likely to report consistent condom use with clients (AOR=0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8) and more likely to report STI symptoms (AOR=2.6; 95% CI 1.6 to 4.1).
  
  
  
  Among FSW, experiences of violence in work and personal contexts are associated with sexual HIV risk behaviours with clients as well as STI symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine: La Jolla, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Erausquin
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, American University, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Allison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine: La Jolla, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, American University, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biradavolu
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, American University, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Blankenship
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011477:Sex Work / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CONDOMS; HIV; SEXUAL ASSAULT; SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR