title: Spanish version of SPADI (shoulder pain and disability index) in musculoskeletal shoulder pain: a new 10-items version after confirmatory factor analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a tool designed to evaluate the impact of shoulder pathology. The aim of this study was to cross culturally adapt a Spanish version of the SPADI for Spanish population with a musculoskeletal shoulder pain, and to determine the psychometric properties of this instrument using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the international guidelines. To assess factor structure, a confirmatory factor analysis was done. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Item-total and inter-item correlations were assessed. Pearson and Spearman correlations were calculated to assess the convergent validity between SPADI and quick-DASH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new Spanish version of SPADI was achieved. The original SPADI factor structure was tested by CFA, obtaining a poor fit: relative chi-square (χ2/df) 3.16, CFI 0.89, NFI 0.92, and RMSEA 0.10 (90 % CI 0.08 to 0.12). An additional model was tested, after deleting items which have had a poor adjustment in the model (1, 11, and 12), obtaining the best fit: relative chi-square (χ2/df) of 1.94, CFI 0.98, NFI 0.95, GFI 0,95, and RMSEA 0.06 (90 % CI 0.04 to 0.09). The analysis confirmed the bidimensional structure (pain and disability subscales). A correlation Spearman's Rho coefficient of 0.752 (p < 0.0001) and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 were obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study validated a new 10-items version of SPADI for Spanish population with musculoskeletal shoulder pain providing a patient reported outcome measure that could be used in both clinical practice and research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. aluques@uma.es.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luque-Suarez
authors.affiliation: Las Lagunas Primary Health Care Center, Costa del Sol Sanitary District, Fuengirola-Mijas, Spain. antonior_fisio@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rondon-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain. manuelf@ual.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA. keroach@miami.edu.
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. jmmasencio@uma.es.
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales-Asencio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*