title: Measurement of β-oxidation capacity of biological samples by respirometry: a review of principles and substrates.
abstract: Oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of energy in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. It can be measured accurately using respirometry in isolated mitochondria, intact cells, and permeabilized cells or tissues. This technique directly measures the rate of oxygen consumption or flux at various respiratory states when appropriate substrates, uncouplers, and inhibitors are used. Acylcarnitines such as palmitoylcarnitine or octanoylcarnitine are the commonly used substrates. The β-oxidation pathway is prone to feedforward inhibition resulting from accumulation of short-chain acyl-CoA and depletion of CoA, but inclusion of malate or carnitine prevents accumulation of these intermediaries and CoA depletion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Edward.Ojuka@uct.ac.za.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ojuka
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bezuidenhout
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Siddiqah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maarman
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Hlengiwe P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Madlala
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendham
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Prisca Ofure
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Osiki
mesh_terms: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D003065:Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D004566:Electrodes; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D006801:Humans; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010172:Palmitoylcarnitine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008293:Malates; C116917:acylcarnitine; D010172:Palmitoylcarnitine; C030298:malic acid; C008698:octanoylcarnitine; D002331:Carnitine; D003065:Coenzyme A
keywords: carnitine; malate; octanylcarnitine; palmitoylcarnitine; respirometry; substrate combinations; β-oxidation