title: Intrapersonal self-transcendence, meaning-in-life and nurse-patient interaction: powerful assets for quality of life in cognitively intact nursing-home patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spirituality has demonstrated a significant impact on quality of life in nursing-home patients. Likewise, as essential aspects of spirituality, hope, self-transcendence, and meaning are found to be vital resources to nursing-home patients' global well-being. Further, nurse-patient interaction has demonstrated a powerful influence on patient's hope, self-transcendence, and meaning-in-life, as well as on anxiety and depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the associations of hope, self-transcendence, meaning, and perceived nurse-patient interaction with quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional design, a sample of 202 cognitively intact nursing-home patients in Mid-Norway responded to the Herth Hope Index, the Self-Transcendence scale, the Purpose-in-Life test, the Nurse-Patient Interaction scale, and a one-item overall measure on quality of life. Using SPSS ordinal regression, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with quality of life as dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlling for gender, age, and residential time, all the scales were significantly related to quality of life in the bivariate analyses. Intrapersonal self-transcendence showed an exceptional position presenting a very high odds ratio in the bivariate analysis, and also the strongest association with quality of life in multivariate analyses. Meaning and nurse-patient interaction also showed independent and significant associations with quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations found encourage the idea that intrapersonal self-transcendence, meaning-in-life, and nurse-patient interaction are powerful health-promoting factors that significantly influence on nursing-home patients' quality of life. Therefore, pedagogical approaches for advancing caregivers' presence and confidence in health-promoting interaction should be upgraded and matured. Proper educational programs for developing interacting skills including assessing and supporting patients' intrapersonal self-transcendence and meaning-in-life should be utilised and their effectiveness evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing Science, Center for Health Promotion Research, HIST, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Gørill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haugan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing Science, Center for Health Promotion Research, HIST, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Unni Karin
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Moksnes
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Promotion Research, Faculty of Teaching and Sign Language Interpretation, HiST, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Audhild
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Løhre
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008875:Middle Aged; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: PIL-10; PIL-20; assets for quality in life; health promotion; long-term care; nurse-patient interaction; nursing home; spirituality