title: Association between baseline serum glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, and prostate cancer risk categories.
abstract: Lifestyle-related risk factors such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia have been associated with several cancers. However, studies exploring their link with prostate cancer (PCa) clinicopathological characteristics are sparse and inconclusive. Here, we investigated the associations between serum metabolic markers and PCa clinicopathological characteristics. The study comprised 14,294 men from the Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) cohort who were diagnosed with PCa between 1996 and 2011. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the relation between glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol and PCa risk categories, PSA, Gleason score, and T-stage. Mean age at time of PCa diagnosis was 69 years. Men with glucose levels >6.9 mmol/L tend to have PSA<4 μg/L, while those with glucose levels of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L had a greater odds of PSA>20 μg/L compared to PSA 4.0-9.9 μg/L. Hypertriglyceridemia was also positively associated with PSA>20 μg/L. Hyperglycemic men had a greater odds of intermediate- and high-grade PCa and advanced stage or metastatic PCa. Similarly, hypertriglyceridemia was positively associated with high-grade PCa. There was also a trend toward an increased odds of intermediate risk localized PCa and advanced stage PCa among men with hypertriglyceridemia. Total cholesterol did not have any statistically significant association with any of the outcomes studied. Our findings suggest that high serum levels of glucose and triglycerides may influence PCa aggressiveness and severity. Further investigation on the role of markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in influencing PCa aggressiveness and severity is needed as this may help define important targets for intervention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.|Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garmo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.|Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.|Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pår
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stattin
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malmstrom
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.|Departments of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambe
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|AstraZeneca Sverige, Södertalje, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hammar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walldius
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jungner
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.|Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mieke Van
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hemelrijck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Glucose; prostate cancer; total cholesterol; triglycerides