title: Alloplastic Augmentation of the Asian Face: A Review of 215 Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian aesthetic surgery has become increasingly popular over the last decade, especially augmentation of characteristically flattened facial features. Alloplastic implants are an option for facial augmentation, however many avoid their use due to concerns for morbidity associated with their use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate our hypothesis that when used properly, alloplastic implants have a low complication profile and provides excellent aesthetic results.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of all Asian patients undergoing alloplastic facial augmentation between 2009 and 2013 by a single surgeon. Procedures included augmentation of the forehead, nasal dorsum, midface, and chin. Charts were reviewed for outcomes including infection, extrusion, malposition, and operative revision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and fifteen patients had 243 implants placed. Of 141 nasal augmentations, there were 2 infections (1.4%), 1 extrusion (0.7%), 7 malpositions (4.9%), and 16 revisions (11.3%), 5 for malposition, 2 for contour irregularity, and 9 for aesthetic change. Augmentation genioplasty was performed in 40 patients with 1 malposition (2.5%) and 6 revisions (15%), 4 for under-correction and 2 for aesthetic change. Thirty-one midface and 31 forehead augmentations were performed without complications. One patient (3.2%) had forehead implant removal for aesthetic change. Overall infection and extrusion rates were 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By utilizing surgical techniques such as creation of a precise sub-periosteal pocket, placing the implant away from the incision site, and leaving well-vascularized soft tissue coverage under minimal tension, alloplastic implants can safely be used as a first-line option for Asian facial augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 Therapeutic.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Jerry W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kwan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia; D002680:Chin / Q000601:surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult