title: Loss of the LIM-only protein Fhl2 impairs inflammatory reaction and scar formation after cardiac ischemia leading to better hemodynamic performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/R) involves an inflammatory response. Since the four-and-a-half LIM domain-containing protein 2 (Fhl2) has been observed to modulate immune cell migration, we aimed to study the consequences of Fhl2(-/-) under MI/R with respect to immune reaction, scar formation, and hemodynamic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a closed chest model of 1h MI/R, immune cell invasion of phagocytic monocytes was characterized by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In addition, infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride/Masson trichrome staining 24h/21days after reperfusion and a set of hemodynamic parameters was recorded by catheterisation in Fhl2(-/-) mice and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While flow cytometry did not reveal differences in myocardial CD45(high) immune cell infiltrate, histological analysis showed that infiltrating immune cells in Fhl2(-/-) animals were preferentially located in the perivascular area, whereas in wild type, immune cells were well dispersed within the area at risk. After 24h and 21days of reperfusion, infarct size was significantly reduced in Fhl2(-/-) compared to WT animals. In addition, hemodynamic performance was better in Fhl2(-/-) mice, compared to WT mice up to day 21 of reperfusion. The loss of Fhl2 leads to an altered immune response to myocardial ischemia, which results in smaller infarcts and better hemodynamic performance up to 21days after myocardial ischemia reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immune cell invasion plays a pivotal role in the context of MI/R. Fhl2 significantly influences immune cell function and immune cell interaction with injured cardiac tissue leading to altered scar composition.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goltz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Kanishka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hittetiya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gevensleben
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirfel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Centre for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: reinhard.buettner@uk-koeln.de.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Büttner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C491382:Fhl2 protein, mouse; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C516770:Ptprc protein, mouse
keywords: Four-and-a-half LIM domain-containing protein 2; Hemodynamics; Infarct size; Inflammatory response; Myocardial ischemia reperfusion; Scar formation