title: Doxorubicin hydrochloric increases tumour coagulation and end-point survival in percutaneous microwave ablation of tumours in a VX2 rabbit tumour model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore whether doxorubicin hydrochloric (DOX) combined with microwave ablation (MWA) is more effective at increasing tumour coagulation and prolonging end-point survival in a VX2 rabbit breast cancer model than each intervention individually.
  
  
  
  New Zealand white rabbits with VX2 tumours were placed into treatment groups as follows: MWA (20 W for 5 min and 40 W for 5 min), intravenous injection of 4 mg/kg DOX, and combined therapy. Tumours were analysed at 4 h and 24 h after treatment to determine the temporal quantities of cleaved caspase-3 and Hsp70 using immunohistochemical staining and Western blots. Tumour coagulation areas were compared at 24 h after treatment.
  
  
  
  No significant difference in tumour coagulation was found between DOX-MWA and 40W-MWA (mean 4.52 cm(2) ± 0.48 (SD), 4.08 cm(2) ± 0.36, respectively; P > 0.05). A significant difference between tumour coagulation was found for DOX-MWA and 20W-MWA (mean 4.52 cm(2) ± 0.48 (SD), 1.69 cm(2) ± 0.34 cm(2), respectively; p < 0.01). Cleaved caspase-3 and Hsp70 demonstrated low level expression at 4 h and 24 h in the DOX group. Cleaved caspase-3 showed low expression at the coagulation margin in the 20W-MWA group, was highly expressed in DOX-MWA group, and continued to increase with time. Hsp70 in the 20W-MWA group increased significantly at the coagulation margin but demonstrated low expression in the DOX-MWA group at 4 h and 24 h. The animals in the combined treatment group had a longer survival time (mean 78.33 days ± 8.07 SD) than the 20W-MWA group (mean 57.17 days ± 8.77, p < 0.01) or the DOX group (mean 35.17 days ± 7.63, p < 0.01).
  
  
  
  A combination of DOX and MWA could increase tumour coagulation and end-point survival better than single therapy, which had some connection with the elevated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and low Hsp70 expression at the coagulation margin.
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China and.|b Beijing Aerospace General Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xingli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China and.
authors.forename: Mengdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China and.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China and.
authors.forename: Lidong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China and.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b Beijing Aerospace General Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b Beijing Aerospace General Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Qingzhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China and.
authors.forename: Shui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008872:Microwaves; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D004317:Doxorubicin; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Breast cancer; VX2; microwave ablation; neoadjuvant chemotherapy