title: Genotyping of Plasmodium vivax by minisatellite marker and its application in differentiating relapse and new infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmodium vivax malaria is a major public health problem in India. Control of vivax malaria is challenging due to various factors including relapse which increase the burden significantly. There is no well studied marker to differentiate relapse from reinfection. This creates hindrance in search for anti-relapse medicines. The genomic study of minisatellite can help in characterization of relapse and new infection of vivax malaria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight samples of P. vivax were collected from malaria clinic. All the 14 chromosomes of P. vivax were scanned for minisatellite marker by Tandem Repeat Finder software Version 4.07b. Minisatellite marker CH1T1M13779 from chromosome one was applied for genotyping in 88 samples of P. vivax including 2 recurrence cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whole genome of P. vivax was scanned and found to have one hundred minisatellite markers. CH1T1M13779 minisatellite marker from chromosome-1 was used for amplification in 88 samples of P. vivax. Of 66 amplified samples, 14 alleles were found with varied allele frequency. The base size of 280 (13.63 %) 320 bp (13.63 %) and 300 bp (16.66 %) showed the predominant allele in the P. vivax population. Genotyping of two paired samples (day 0 and day relapse) could demonstrate the presence of relapse and reinfection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CH1T1M13779 can be potential minisatellite marker which can be used to differentiate between relapse and new infection of P. vivax strain.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India. drrdas_3@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India. r.c.dhiman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ramesh C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India. doctor_deepali@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Deepali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Savargaonkar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India. anvikar@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Anupkumar R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Anvikar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India. neenavalecha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valecha
mesh_terms: D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D018503:Genome, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D005819:Genetic Markers