title: Association Between Lifestyle and Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Young Adults: A National, Survey-Based, Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in young adults is increasing worldwide in association with modifiable risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) in young adults participating to a screening campaign during the World Hypertension Day (17/05/2014), and to determine the possible association with lifestyle factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  493 individuals aged 18-35 years were selected in 13 Italian cities. All participants underwent BP measurement together with the administration of a questionnaire exploring: medical and drug history; traditional cardiovascular risk factors and diseases; dietary pattern; salt intake; sleep habits; mood disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High BP (≥140/90 mmHg) was found in 54 individuals, with a prevalence of 11% and awareness of 28%. Those with high BP values were more frequently men, reported a higher BMI and a greater use of corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and had a lower anxiety score. Concerning dietary habits, they were more likely to eat cheese/cold cuts ≥3 times/week, to have their meals out ≥1/day and to eat in fast foods ≥1/week. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex [OR 3.19, 95% CI (1.33-7.63)], BMI [OR 1.14 95% CI (1.04-1.25)], eating in fast foods [OR 3.10 95% CI (1.21-7.95)], and anxiety [OR 0.85 95% CI (0.75-0.97)], were independently associated with high BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High BP values were found in 11 % young adults. Male sex, adiposity and alimentary habits were the main determinants of high BP values, indicating that young men are a suitable target for healthy lifestyle interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56123, Pisa, Italy. rosam.bruno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-3356
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosticci
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guglielmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agabiti Rosei
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monticone
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giavarini
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lonati
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torlasco
authors.affiliation: Italian National Research Centre on Aging "U.Sestilli", IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedecostante
authors.affiliation: University of Napoli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Virginia
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Manzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pezzutto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56123, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Pilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Artom
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Allegra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battistoni
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Martino Francesco
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pengo
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
keywords: Blood pressure; Dietary habits; Hypertension; Lifestyle; Young adults