title: Short-term effects of liraglutide on kidney function and vasoactive hormones in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: To investigate the effects of a single dose of 1.2 mg liraglutide, a once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on key renal variables in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  The study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in 11 male patients with type 2 diabetes. Measurements included (51) Cr-EDTA plasma clearance estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and MRI-based renal blood flow (RBF), tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
  
  
  
  Liraglutide had no effect on GFR [95% confidence interval (CI) -6.8 to 3.6 ml/min/1.73 m(2) ] or on RBF (95% CI -39 to 30 ml/min) and did not change local renal blood perfusion or oxygenation. The fractional excretion of lithium increased by 14% (p = 0.01) and sodium clearance tended to increase (p = 0.06). Liraglutide increased diastolic and systolic blood pressure (3 and 6 mm Hg) and heart rate (2 beats per min; all p < 0.05). Angiotensin II (ANG II) concentration decreased by 21% (p = 0.02), but there were no effects on other renin-angiotensin system components, atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs), methanephrines or excretion of catecholamines.
  
  
  
  Short-term liraglutide treatment did not affect renal haemodynamics but decreased the proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. Blood pressure increased with short-term as opposed to long-term treatment. Catecholamine levels were unchanged and the results did not support a GLP-1-ANP axis. ANG II levels decreased, which may contribute to renal protection by GLP-1 receptor agonists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.affiliation: Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rittig
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jonassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Physiology and Molecular Imaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frøkiaer
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dejgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood*; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000069450:Liraglutide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor
keywords: atrial natriuretic peptide; catecholamines; glomerular filtration rate; glucagon-like peptide-1; liraglutide; renal; renin-angiotensin system; type 2 diabetes