title: The effects of starvation and re-feeding on growth and swimming performance of juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus).
abstract: We investigated the effects of starvation and re-feeding on growth and swimming performance and their relationship in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). We measured the specific growth rate (SGR), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and constant acceleration test speed (U CAT, the maximum swimming speed at exhaustion by constant acceleration test with 0.1667 cm s(-2) rate) in a treatment group (21 days of starvation then 21 days of re-feeding) and control group (routine feeding) (n = 20). Starvation resulted in a 17 % decrease in body mass of black carp (P < 0.05). After 21 days of re-feeding, body mass was greater than that of pre-starvation but still less than that of the control group at 42 days. During the re-feeding phase, the SGR of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Starvation resulted in a significant decrease in the RMR and U CAT. After 21 days of re-feeding, both the RMR and U CAT recovered to the pre-starvation levels. In the control group, individual juvenile black carp displayed strong repeatability of the RMR and U CAT across the measurement periods (P ≤ 0.002). In the treatment group, RMR showed significant repeatability between pre-starvation and re-feeding (P = 0.007), but not between pre-starvation and starvation or between starvation and re-feeding. U CAT showed significant repeatability between pre-starvation and starvation (P = 0.006) and between pre-starvation and re-feeding (P = 0.001), but not between starvation and re-feeding. No correlation or only a weak correlation was found between any two variables of RMR, U CAT and SGR, whereas the increment of the U CAT (ΔU CAT) was negatively correlated with that of SGR during the starvation phase (r = -0.581, n = 20, P = 0.007) and re-feeding phase (r = -0.568, n = 20, P = 0.009). This suggested that within individual black carp, there is a trade-off between growth and maintenance (or development) of swimming performance under food-limited conditions.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Education of Ministry, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Education of Ministry, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.|Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Education of Ministry, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. zhangyg@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yao-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cyprinids; Ecophysiology; Metabolic rate; Trade-offs; Weight gain