title: Baseline clinical predictors of an ultimate giant cell arteritis diagnosis in patients referred to temporal artery biopsy.
abstract: The diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) is based on clinical grounds and confirmed by characteristic histological findings on temporal artery biopsy (TAB). Patients may be diagnosed with GCA based on clinical grounds only, despite negative histological findings. We aimed to investigate which baseline clinical and laboratory features best predict an ultimate diagnosis of giant cell arteritis among patients referred to TAB. We retrospectively analyzed 224 patients who underwent TAB in our hospital between 2000 and 2014. Patients were diagnosed with GCA if TAB was positive for GCA, or by clinical grounds only despite a negative biopsy, provided they fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria. Baseline clinical and laboratory features were obtained from medical records. Predictors of an ultimate GCA diagnosis were investigated. Overall, 82 patients were diagnosed with GCA-57 had histological evidence of GCA and 25 were diagnosed with GCA despite a negative biopsy. One hundred and forty-two patients were not diagnosed with GCA. Predictors of an eventual diagnosis of GCA in a multivariate logistic regression analysis were headache (OR = 6; p < 0.001), jaw claudication (OR 4.5; p = 0.007), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR = 1.5; p = 0.032) and platelet count (OR = 1.74; p = 0.004). Among patients referred to TAB, headache, jaw claudication, ESR, and thrombocyte levels are predictors for an ultimate diagnosis of GCA. These clinical and laboratory features should be considered when contemplating the diagnosis and treatment of GCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine F and the Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hahsomer, 52621, Israel. chagaigr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chagai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barshack
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Nira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koren-Morag
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine F and the Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hahsomer, 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ben-Zvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine D and the Rheumatology Unit, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bornstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Giant cell arteritis; Temporal artery biopsy; Ultimate diagnosis of giant cell arteritis