title: [A comparative study of lacrimal magnetic resonance hydrography and lacrimal endoscopy examination in the diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal duct obstructive diseases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic value and treatment guidance of lacrimal magnetic resonance hydrography (LMRH) and lacrimal endoscopy examination in lacrimal duct obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data of 59 patients with epiphora who had LMRH examination in Tongji Hospital during June 2013 and January 2014. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) were used to process the three dimensions T2-weighted images (T2WI). The size of lacrimal sac, lacrimal mucosal lesions and the obstructed plane of nasolacrimal duct were observed. The lacrimal irrigation results were used as gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of LMRH in diagnosis of lacrimal duct obstructive diseases and the consistency between the two methods were analyzed. In addition, 22 cases had lacrimal endoscopy examination in less than half month after MRD. The results of lacrimal endoscopy were compared with LMRH images. The treatment method was made according to the results of LMRH and lacrimal endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the results of lacrimal irrigation, among 78 eyes of 59 patients, 2 eyes were diagnosed as lacrimal canalicular obstruction (2.6%, 2/78), 8 eyes were diagnosed as nasolacrimal duct stenosis (10.3%, 8/78), 24 eyes were diagnosed as nasolacrimal duct obstruction (30.8%, 24/78), 44 eyes were diagnosed as nasolacrimal duct obstruction accompanied with chronic dacryocystitis (56.4%, 44/78). The other 40 eyes were negative controls. LMRH had a high degree of consistency with lacrimal irrigation in diagnosis of lacrimal duct obstructive diseases. The value of Kappa was 0.963 (P= 0.026). The sensitivity of MRD in diagnosis of lacrimal duct obstructive diseases was 97.4%, the specificity was 100%, the accuracy was 98.3%, the positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 95.2% . According to 40 eyes of the control group, the mean value of the maximum cross-sectional area of the lacrimal sac was: (10.9 ± 0.4) mm(2). Twenty-two eyes underwent lacrimal endoscopy examination and the endoscopic findings were consistent with LMRH diagnosis. The lesions in the lacrimal duct displayed more clearly and intuitively than the LMRH, while LMRH had its unique advantages in showing the size of lacrimal sac, the mucosal thickness of lacrimal duct, large foreign bodies and lesions around the lacrimal duct. According to the results of LMRH and lacrimal endoscopy, 2 eyes of canalicular obstruction, 8 eyes of nasolacrimal duct stenosis, 20 eyes of nasolacrimal duct obstruction underwent lacrimal probing and stent implantation. Four eyes of nasolacrimal duct obstruction had drug treatment under lacrimal endoscopy. Thirty-eight eyes of chronic dacryocystitis underwent endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. The other 6 eyes of chronic dacryocystitis underwent stent removal combined with endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LMRH is a noninvasive and reliable method to examine the lacrimal duct obstruction. It can better display the size of lacrimal sac, lacrimal mucosal thickness and surrounding soft tissues of lacrimal duct. It is also a good complementary method of lacrimal endoscopy and has guiding significance for individualized treatment in patients with lacrimal duct obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D003607:Dacryocystitis; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy; D020878:Device Removal; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015607:Stents; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism