title: Updated incidence rates and risk factors of esophageal cancer in Nan'ao Island, a coastal high-risk area in southern China.
abstract: Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the updated incidence rates and risk factors of EC in Nan'ao Island, where the EC incidence rate was chronically the highest in southern China. To calculate the annual incidence rate, data on 338 EC cases from Nan'ao Cancer Registry system diagnosed during 2005-2011 were collected. A case-control study was conducted to explore the EC risk factors. One hundred twenty-five alive EC patients diagnosed during 2005-2011 and 250 controls were enrolled into the case-control study. A pre-test questionnaire on demography, dietary factors, drinking water treatment, and behavioral factors was applied to collect information of all participants. The average EC incidence rates during 2005-2011 were 66.09/105, 94.62/105, 36.83/105 for both genders, males and females, respectively, in Nan'ao Island. The EC incidence rate in males was 2.40- to 4.55-fold higher than that in females in the period from 2006 to 2011 (P < 0.05). Considering the onset age, males tend to be much younger than females and reached peak incidence rate at a younger age (P < 0.05). Drinking water treatment by filter (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.13-0.58) and fruit consumption (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32-0.94) reduced the risk for EC. On the contrary, the pickled vegetables consumption (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.46-4.76) and liquor drinking (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.21-4.44) increased the risk for EC. These results may be of importance for future research on EC etiology and prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Zhen
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Qu
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shuo-Hang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: An-Xin
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Song
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Cai-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Si-Chao
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhan-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hang
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Na
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Le
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jie-Ting
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Miao
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Laboratory for Cancer Research, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Li-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Li-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: En-Min
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D060766:Drinking Water; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005519:Food Preservation; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water
keywords: Nan'ao Island; esophageal cancer; high-risk area; incidence rates; risk factors