title: Multi-segment trunk models used to investigate the crunch factor in golf and their relationship with selected swing and launch parameters.
abstract: The use of multi-segment trunk models to investigate the crunch factor in golf may be warranted. The first aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the trunk and lower trunk for crunch factor-related variables (trunk lateral bending and trunk axial rotation velocity). The second aim was to determine the level of association between crunch factor-related variables with swing (clubhead velocity) and launch (launch angle). Thirty-five high-level amateur male golfers (Mean ± SD: age = 23.8 ± 2.1 years, registered golfing handicap = 5 ± 1.9) without low back pain had kinematic data collected from their golf swing using a 10-camera motion analysis system operating at 500 Hz. Clubhead velocity and launch angle were collected using a validated real-time launch monitor. A positive relationship was found between the trunk and lower trunk for axial rotation velocity (r(35) = .47, P < .01). Cross-correlation analysis revealed a strong coupling relationship for the crunch factor (R(2) = 0.98) between the trunk and lower trunk. Using generalised linear model analysis, it was evident that faster clubhead velocities and lower launch angles of the golf ball were related to reduced lateral bending of the lower trunk.
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences , The University of Notre Dame Australia , Fremantle , Western Australia , Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.affiliation: b Institute for Health Research , The University of Notre Dame Australia , Fremantle , Western Australia , Australia.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chivers
authors.affiliation: c Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Kimitake
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: d School of Exercise and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Western Australia , Australia.
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burnett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006055:Golf; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012399:Rotation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D060726:Torso; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3D; Golf; clubhead velocity; crunch factor; launch angle