title: Identification of candidate diagnostic biomarkers for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using UPLC/QTOF-MS analysis: a first report of lipid metabolism profiles.
abstract: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex spine deformity, affecting approximately 1-3% adolescents. Earlier diagnosis could increase the likelihood of successful conservative treatment and hence reduce the need for surgical intervention. We conducted a serum metabonomic study to explore the potential biomarkers of AIS for early diagnosis. Serum metabolic profiles were firstly explored between 30 AIS patients and 31 healthy controls by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Then, the candidate metabolites were validated in an independent cohort including 31 AIS patients and 44 controls. The results showed that metabolic profiles of AIS patients generally deviated from healthy controls in both the discovery set and replication set. Seven differential metabolites were identified as candidate diagnostic biomarkers, including PC(20:4), 2-hexenoylcarnitine, beta-D-glucopyranuronicacid, DG(38:9), MG(20:3), LysoPC(18:2) and LysoPC(16:0). These candidate metabolites indicated disrupted lipid metabolism in AIS, including glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid and fatty acid metabolism. Elevated expressions of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase in adipose tissue further corroborated our findings of increased lipid metabolism in AIS. Our findings suggest that differential metabolites discovered in AIS could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and that lipid metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of AIS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-jian
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Hong-mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Gui-xing
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma &Orthopaedic Surgery, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK.
authors.forename: Shigong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jian-guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jian-xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-mei
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins