title: The "Flipped Classroom" Model for Teaching in the Intensive Care Unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intensive care unit (ICU) is a dynamic and complex learning environment. The wide range in trainee's experience, specialty training, fluctuations in patient acuity and volume, limitations in trainee duty hours, and additional responsibilities of the faculty contribute to the challenge in providing a consistent experience with traditional educational strategies. The "flipped classroom" is an educational model with the potential to improve the learning environment. In this paradigm, students gain exposure to new material outside class and then use class time to assimilate the knowledge through problem-solving exercises or discussion. The rationale and pedagogical foundations for the flipped classroom are reviewed, practical considerations are discussed, and an example of successful implementation is provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  An education curriculum was devised and evaluated prospectively for teaching point-of-care echocardiography to residents rotating in the surgical ICU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preintervention and postintervention scores of knowledge, confidence, perceived usefulness, and likelihood of use the skills improved for each module. The quality of the experience was rated highly for each of the sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flipped classroom education curriculum has many advantages. This pilot study was well received, and learners showed improvement in all areas evaluated, across several demographic subgroups and self-identified learning styles.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tainter
authors.affiliation: 2 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nelson L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: 2 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gaston A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cudemus-Deseda
authors.affiliation: 2 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bittner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003422:Critical Care; D003479:Curriculum; D004500:Education, Graduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013663:Teaching
keywords: ICU; critical care; echocardiography; education; flipped classroom; intensive care; medical education; pedagogy; point-of-care; teaching