title: Effects of synthetic and biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs on lipid and lipoprotein parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is frequently observed, and treatment with anti-rheumatic drugs has an impact on lipid profiles. Pathophysiologically, inflammation leads to decreased blood lipids and lipoproteins; RA treatment reduces inflammation and therefore may increase lipids and lipoproteins. Whether the lipid changes with RA treatment confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or just reflect their potentially atheroprotective anti-inflammatory effect is currently unclear due to limited and conflicting data.
  
  
  
  The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the effects of synthetic and biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of RA on lipid and lipoprotein parameters.
  
  
  
  Recent studies on methotrexate emphasize its anti-atherogenic effect. Golimumab combined with methotrexate revealed a trend towards an anti-atherogenic potential. The known pro-atherogenic lipid-spectrum alterations caused by tofacitinib can be effectively treated with atorvastatin. Tocilizumab signals a favorable impact on the extent of lipid modifications when combined with methotrexate. Abatacept indicated a trend towards an anti-atherogenic lipid profile demonstrated by favorable effects on HDL-C and on the TC/HDL-C ratio. Rituximab has beneficial effects on HDL-C and ApoA1, as well as on the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio.
  
  
  
  Anti-rheumatic drugs have various effects on lipid parameters, which in part appear pro-atherogenic. However, because many of these lipid changes may well reflect their potentially atheroprotective anti-inflammatory action the cardiovascular impact of these changes remains unclear. Whatsoever, cardiovascular safety trials for antirheumatic drugs would be valuable.
authors.affiliation: Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Gerhard W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Naerr
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Christoph H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Saely
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein; Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: vivit@lkhf.at.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins
keywords: Biologicals; Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Rheumatoid arthritis