title: Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with CT-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Adjacent to the Hepatic Hilum within Milan Criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate safety and efficacy of conventional transarterial chemoembolization with ethiodized oil (Lipiodol) combined with CT-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to the hepatic hilum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2007 and December 2010, conventional transarterial chemoembolization combined with CT-guided RF ablation was performed in 40 patients with HCC adjacent to the hepatic hilum within Milan criteria (group A). Major complications, complete tumor ablation rate, local tumor progression rate, and overall survival were compared with 107 patients with HCC nonadjacent to the hepatic hilum (group B) treated by conventional transarterial chemoembolization combined with CT-guided RF ablation during the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major complications included one case of large hepatic artery-portal vein fistula in group A (2.5%; 1/40) and one case of acute portal vein thrombosis, left heart failure, and tumor seeding in group B (2.8%; 3/107); the difference was not significant between the two groups (P = 1.000). There were no significant differences between the two groups in complete tumor ablation rate (80.0% vs 86.0%; P = .374), local tumor progression rates (1-year, 12.5% vs 14.1%; 2-year, 28.2% vs 24.2%; 3-year, 32.0% vs 27.6%; P = .723), and overall survival (1-year, 92.3% vs 91.8%; 3-year, 79.1% vs 79.3%; 5-year, 59.5% vs 58.4%; P = .555).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional transarterial chemoembolization combined with CT-guided RF ablation was safe and effective in selected patients with HCC adjacent to the hepatic hilum within Milan criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yongjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jingjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiuzheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wensou
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Department of Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: zhksh010@163.com.
authors.forename: Kangshun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004998:Ethiodized Oil