title: Odors identification differences in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that deficit schizophrenia (DS) is associated with neuroanatomical changes in structures including those involved in olfaction. Olfactory dysfunction, which includes impaired odor identification, is found in patients with schizophrenia and their family members.
  
  
  METHODS
  82 patients with DS and 72 patients with NDS (nondeficit schizophrenia), somatically healthy and without acute psychotic symptoms undertook a smell identification test using the 16-item Sniffin' Sticks ID test. Demographic and psychometric data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in the course of the illness, perinatal history and demographic data were found between the DS and NDS groups. No differences in the number of correctly identified odor samples were found. Some differences in the qualitative identification of samples between DS and NDS were found in the groups of female (fewer correct identifications of cinnamon and pineapple smells in DS) and male patients (fewer correct identifications of the smell of rose and more correct identifications of the smell of orange than in NDS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No overall differences between DS and NDS regarding odors identification have been found. The results seem to indicate some specific deficits in the identification of markers of rose, pineapple, orange and cinnamon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: justyna.pelka@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pełka-Wysiecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: mwronski@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wroński
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: bienkow@ipin.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bieńkowski
authors.affiliation: Dialogue Therapy Centre, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: smurawiec@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murawiec
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: samoaga@tlen.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samochowiec
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: samoj@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samochowiec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066194:Olfactory Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Deficit schizophrenia; Odors identification; Olfaction; Schizophrenia; Sniffin’ Sticks