title: Supplementation of 2-Ap, Zn and La Improves 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Concentrations in Detached Aromatic Rice Panicles In Vitro.
abstract: Aromatic rice is highly prized by consumers worldwide due to its special aromatic character. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is considered to be the single most important volatile compound responsible for aroma in aromatic rice. The present study demonstrated the effects of 2-AP, zinc (Zn) and lanthanum (La) on the 2-AP concentration of detached aromatic rice panicles in vitro. Detached panicles from three well-known aromatic cultivars, Guixiangzhan, Pin14, and Pin 15, were cultured separately in basic culture medium supplemented with 2-AP, Zn and La, and 2-AP concentrations were assessed at 7 and 14 days after culture (DAC). The results show that supplementation of 2-AP, Zn and La in the basic culture medium significantly increases the accumulation of proline. 2-AP concentration and the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) were also increased in rice grains. Zn concentrations were also found to be higher when Zn was added to the basic culture medium, and La concentrations in grains were too low to be measured. Additionally, grain 2-AP concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with proline concentrations, ProDH activities in grains and 2-AP in culture medium. In summary, higher grain 2-AP concentrations might be due to Zn- and La-induced increases in proline concentrations and ProDH activities, as well as the direct uptake and transportation of 2-AP from the culture medium. Furthermore, application of both Zn and La might be helpful for improving aroma formation in rice. However, interactions of both these elements with the complex process of 2-AP formation remain to be explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.|Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhaowen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Wuzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jinxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.|Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Umair
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.|Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Meiyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.|Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Shenggang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.|Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Lizhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.|Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Keyou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.|Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiangru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D056626:Inflorescence; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011394:Proline Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D011758:Pyrroles; D007811:Lanthanum; D011392:Proline; D011394:Proline Oxidase; C426303:2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; D015032:Zinc