title: Recruitment of the left precentral gyrus in reading epilepsy: A multimodal neuroimaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a previous study, we investigated a 42-year-old male patient with primary reading epilepsy using continuous video-electroencephalography (EEG). Reading tasks induced left parasagittal spikes with a higher spike frequency when the phonological reading pathway was recruited compared to the lexical one. Here, we seek to localize the epileptogenic focus in the same patient as a function of reading pathway using multimodal neuroimaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participant read irregular words and nonwords presented in a block-design paradigm during magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings, all combined with EEG. Spike analyses from MEG, fNIRS, and fMRI-EEGs data revealed an epileptic focus in the left precentral gyrus, and spike localization did not differ in lexical and phonological reading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to investigate ictogenesis in reading epilepsy during both lexical and phonological reading while using three different multimodal neuroimaging techniques. The somatosensory and motor control functions of the left precentral gyrus that are congruently involved in lexical as well as phonological reading can explain the identical spike localization in both reading pathways. The concurrence between our findings in this study and those from our previous one supports the role of the left precentral gyrus in phonological output computation as well as seizure activity in a case of reading epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada; Département d'orthophonie, Université du Québec A Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.
authors.forename: Dima
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Safi
authors.affiliation: Ecole d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Béland
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie, CHUM Notre-Dame, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Dang Khoa
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pouliot
authors.affiliation: IWK Health Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: Ismail S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Phetsamone
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vannasing
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Maryse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lassonde
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallagher
keywords: Ictogenesis; Left precentral gyrus; Lexical reading; Multimodal neuroimaging; Phonological reading; Reading epilepsy