title: Plasma levels of endothelial and B-cell-derived microparticles are restored by fingolimod treatment in multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: No molecular marker can monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS). Circulating microparticles represent a potential snapshot of disease activity at the blood brain barrier.
  
  
  
  To profile plasma microparticles by flow cytometry in MS and determine how fingolimod could impact endothelial microparticles production.
  
  
  
  In non-treated MS patients compared to healthy and fingolimod-treated patients, endothelial microparticles were higher, while B-cell-microparticle numbers were lower. Fingolimod dramatically reduced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced endothelial microparticle release in vitro.
  
  
  
  Fingolimod restored dysregulated endothelial and B-cell-microparticle numbers, which could serve as a biomarker in MS.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia anna.zinger@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zinger
authors.affiliation: Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Sharissa L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Latham
authors.affiliation: Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Combes
authors.affiliation: Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The Charles Perkins Centre Hub at The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia/Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia/Central West Neurology & Neurosurgery, Orange, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hawke
authors.affiliation: Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Georges E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Grau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride
keywords: B cells; Multiple sclerosis; biological marker; fingolimod; immunology; plasma microparticles; vascular endothelium