title: Using 360-degree multi-source feedback to evaluate professionalism in surgery departments: An Iranian perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical professionalism helps physicians adopt a proper and good healing action for the patients based on their particular circumstance. This study was conducted to assess professionalism in surgical residents, using a 360-degree evaluation technique in several teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on all the second and third year surgery residents from three university teaching hospitals in Tehran. Multi-source feedback questionnaire contained 10 questions on the residents' professional behavior and was completed by the faculty and staff members (nurses, operation room staff, and medical assistants) as well as other surgery residents, interns and patients to evaluate each resident. Response rates were used to determine feasibility for each of the respondent groups and the mean and standard deviation score for each question was computed to determine the viability of the items. Reliability was assessed using alpha Cronbach coefficient for each respondent group. The correlation between these scores and the residents' final and OSCE grade was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency reliability for 360-degree rating was 0.889. There was no significant difference in the residents' score in different hospitals. While male residents obtained higher total score, there was no significant difference between them. The residents, however, obtained lower scores compared to the staff. The highest score was recorded for question 6, suggesting that the residents treated the patients regardless of their socioeconomic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed a strong agreement between the results gathered from different respondents, confirming the reliability of the questionnaire and the respondents' unbiased response. It also revealed that the residents did well in the whole test, showing they were conscientious and learning to become medical professionals.
authors.affiliation: MD, Associate Professor, Surgery Department, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. yazdankhah@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yazdankhah
authors.affiliation: MD, Assistant Professor, Surgery Department, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mtnorooz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tayefeh Norooz
authors.affiliation: MD, Associate Professor, Surgery Department, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ahmadiam@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmadi Amoli
authors.affiliation: MD, Assistant Professor, Surgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. aaminian@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aminian
authors.affiliation: MD, Assistant Professor, Surgery Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. khorgami@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Zhamak
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khorgami
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. pkhashayar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Paria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khashayar
authors.affiliation: MD, PhD Candidate, Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, & Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium.patricia.kh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khashayar
keywords: 360-Degree; Assessment; Multi-Source Feedback; Professionalism