title: Insight into the Mode of Action of Haedoxan A from Phryma leptostachya.
abstract: Haedoxan A (HA) is a major active ingredient in the herbaceous perennial plant lopseed (Phryma leptostachya L.), which is used as a natural insecticide against insect pests in East Asia. Here, we report that HA delayed the decay rate of evoked excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) and increased the frequency of miniature EJPs (mEJPs) on the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. HA also caused a significant hyperpolarizing shift of the voltage dependence of fast inactivation of insect sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results suggest that HA acts on both axonal conduction and synaptic transmission, which can serve as a basis for elucidating the mode of action of HA for further designing and developing new effective insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. huzhaonong@nwsuaf.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R &amp; D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. huzhaonong@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhaonong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. duy@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Yuzhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. xiaoxinmin@126.com.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. dongk@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. wuwenjun@nwsuaf.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R &amp; D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. wuwenjun@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D061046:Biological Control Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017705:Lignans / Q000633:toxicity*; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000633:toxicity*; D061566:Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014981:Xenopus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D052117:Benzodioxoles; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D017705:Lignans; D009498:Neurotoxins; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D061566:Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels; C000611862:haedoxan A
keywords: botanical insecticides; haedoxan A (HA); synaptic transmission; voltage-gated sodium channel