title: Radiation Exposure of Interventional Radiologists During Computed Tomography Fluoroscopy-Guided Renal Cryoablation and Lung Radiofrequency Ablation: Direct Measurement in a Clinical Setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided renal cryoablation and lung radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have received increasing attention as promising cancer therapies. Although radiation exposure of interventional radiologists during these procedures is an important concern, data on operator exposure are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiation dose to interventional radiologists during CT fluoroscopy-guided renal cryoablation (n = 20) and lung RFA (n = 20) was measured prospectively in a clinical setting. Effective dose to the operator was calculated from the 1-cm dose equivalent measured on the neck outside the lead apron, and on the left chest inside the lead apron, using electronic dosimeters. Equivalent dose to the operator's finger skin was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeter rings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (median) effective dose to the operator per procedure was 6.05 (4.52) μSv during renal cryoablation and 0.74 (0.55) μSv during lung RFA. The mean (median) equivalent dose to the operator's finger skin per procedure was 2.1 (2.1) mSv during renal cryoablation, and 0.3 (0.3) mSv during lung RFA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation dose to interventional radiologists during renal cryoablation and lung RFA were at an acceptable level, and in line with recommended dose limits for occupational radiation exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. takaoh@tc4.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gobara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.affiliation: Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000528:radiation effects; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013909:Thorax / Q000528:radiation effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents
keywords: Ablation; Computed tomography fluoroscopy; Radiation exposure