title: Interplay of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders.
abstract: The common underlying feature of most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), prion diseases, Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves accumulation of misfolded proteins leading to initiation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and stimulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Additionally, ER stress more recently has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Autophagy plays an essential role in the clearance of aggregated toxic proteins and degradation of the damaged organelles. There is evidence that autophagy ameliorates ER stress by eliminating accumulated misfolded proteins. Both abnormal UPR and impaired autophagy have been implicated as a causative mechanism in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights recent advances in the field on the role of ER stress and autophagy in AD, prion diseases, PD, ALS and HAND with the involvement of key signaling pathways in these processes and implications for future development of therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.|b Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Jyothi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arikkath
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Lei
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Palsamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Periyasamy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
keywords: ER stress; Parkinson disease; alzheimer disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; autophagy; neurodegenerative disorders; prion diseases