title: Helicobacter pylori in children with asthmatic conditions at school age, and their mothers.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori prevalence in Western countries has been declining simultaneously with increases in childhood asthma and allergic diseases; prior studies have linked these phenomena.
  
  
  
  To examine the association between H. pylori colonisation in children and risk of asthma and related conditions at school age. We secondly examined additional effects of maternal H. pylori status by pairing with children's status.
  
  
  
  This study was embedded in a multi-ethnic population-based cohort in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. We measured anti-H. pylori and anti-CagA antibodies in serum of children obtained at age 6 years, and of their mothers obtained during midpregnancy. Asthma or related conditions were reported for children at age 6 years. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses among 3797 subjects.
  
  
  
  In children, the H. pylori positivity rate was 8.7%, and 29.2% of these were CagA-positive. A child's colonisation with a CagA-negative-H. pylori strain was associated with an increased risk of asthma (Odds ratio 2.11; 95% CI 1.23-3.60), but this differed for European (3.64; 1.97-6.73) and non-European (0.52; 0.14-1.89) children. When taking into account maternal H. pylori status, only H. pylori-positive children with an H. pylori-negative mother had increased risk of asthma (2.42; 1.11-5.27), accounting for 3.4% of the asthma risk.
  
  
  
  Colonisation of a European child with a CagA-negative-H. pylori strain at age 6 was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, but there was no association for non-European children. The underlying mechanisms for the observed risk differences require further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: den Hollander
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sonnenschein-van der Voort
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Holster
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Jongste
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Perez-Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Blaser
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duijts
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kuipers
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001249:Asthma / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial