title: Molecular analysis of the LDLR gene in coronary artery disease patients from the Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in Indian population. Mutations in LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes may lead to Familial Hypercholesterolemia, an autosomal dominant disorder which in turn leads to cardiovascular diseases. The primary objective of this study is to analyze these genes in CAD patients of Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients were selected out of 300 CAD patients based on UK-Simon Broome criteria from South India. The gDNA was isolated by organic extraction method and the exons and exon-intron boundaries of LDLR gene, APOB (exon 26) and PCSK9 (exon 7) were screened by PCR-high resolution melt analysis. The amplicons showing shift in melting pattern were sequenced to find out the variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study reports three novel variations, an intronic deletion c.694+8_694+18del in intron 4, a synonymous variation c.966 C>T [p. (N322=)] in exon 7 and a deletion insertion c.1399_1340delinsTA [p. (T467Y)] in exon 10, two recurrent variations c.862G>A [p. (E288K)] in exon 6 and a splice site variation c.1845+2T>C in exon-intron junction of exon 12 in LDLR gene and PCSK9 gene had c.1180+17C>T change in intron 7. However there are no pathogenic variations in APOB and PCSK9 genes in Indian population. In silico analysis predicted all the variations as pathogenic except the synonymous variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report adds five new variations to the spectrum of LDLR variations in Indian population. This study also suggests that UK Simon Broom criteria can be followed to categorize FH patients in Indian population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: ArulJothi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Whitthall
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Futema
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elangovan
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Devaki R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India. Electronic address: adevipradeep@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devi
mesh_terms: D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C569471:APOB protein, human; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D015415:Biomarkers; C573412:LDLR protein, human; D008055:Lipids; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C472125:PCSK9 protein, human; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Familial hypercholesterolemia; High resolution melt analysis; LDLR; UK-Simon Broome criteria