title: Impacts of Grapevine Leafroll Disease on Fruit Yield and Grape and Wine Chemistry in a Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivar.
abstract: Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is an economically important virus disease affecting wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), but little is known about its effect on wine chemistry and sensory composition of wines. In this study, impacts of GLD on fruit yield, berry quality and wine chemistry and sensory features were investigated in a red wine grape cultivar planted in a commercial vineyard. Own-rooted Merlot vines showing GLD symptoms and tested positive for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 and adjacent non-symptomatic vines that tested negative for the virus were compared during three consecutive seasons. Number and total weight of clusters per vine were significantly less in symptomatic relative to non-symptomatic vines. In contrast to previous studies, a time-course analysis of juice from grapes harvested at different stages of berry development from symptomatic and non-symptomatic vines indicated more prominent negative impacts of GLD on total soluble solids (TSS) and berry skin anthocyanins than in juice pH and titratable acidity. Differences in TSS between grapes of symptomatic and non-symptomatic vines were more pronounced after the onset of véraison, with significantly lower concentrations of TSS in grapes from symptomatic vines throughout berry ripening until harvest. Wines made from grapes of GLD-affected vines had significantly lower alcohol, polymeric pigments, and anthocyanins compared to corresponding wines from grapes of non-symptomatic vines. Sensory descriptive analysis of 2010 wines indicated significant differences in color, aroma and astringency between wines made from grapes harvested from GLD-affected and unaffected vines. The impacts of GLD on yield and fruit and wine quality traits were variable between the seasons, with greater impacts observed during a cooler season, suggesting the influence of host plant × environment interactions on overall impacts of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Olufemi J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Alabi
authors.affiliation: Viticulture and Enology Program, Washington State University, Wine Science Center, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: L Federico
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Casassa
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Linga R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Gutha
authors.affiliation: Viticulture and Enology Program, Washington State University, Wine Science Center, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Viticulture and Enology Program, Washington State University, Wine Science Center, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henick-Kling
authors.affiliation: Viticulture and Enology Program, Washington State University, Wine Science Center, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Harbertson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rayapati A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Naidu
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D029381:Closteroviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000821:virology; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000821:virology; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010636:Phenols