title: Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating.
abstract: Lithium metal-based battery is considered one of the best energy storage systems due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest anode potential of all. However, dendritic growth and virtually relative infinity volume change during long-term cycling often lead to severe safety hazards and catastrophic failure. Here, a stable lithium-scaffold composite electrode is developed by lithium melt infusion into a 3D porous carbon matrix with "lithiophilic" coating. Lithium is uniformly entrapped on the matrix surface and in the 3D structure. The resulting composite electrode possesses a high conductive surface area and excellent structural stability upon galvanostatic cycling. We showed stable cycling of this composite electrode with small Li plating/stripping overpotential (<90 mV) at a high current density of 3 mA/cm(2) over 80 cycles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Dingchang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Zhenda
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Yayuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Haotian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
authors.forename: Xinyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 yicui@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
keywords: 3D scaffold; Li composite; Li metal anode; lithiophilic; melt infusion