title: Attributes Influencing Insulin Pen Preference Among Caregivers and Patients With Diabetes Who Require Greater Than 20 Units of Mealtime Insulin.
abstract: This study compared patient preference for Humalog® KwikPen™ 200 units/mL (insulin lispro; hereafter, IL 200 pen; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) versus the Humalog KwikPen 100 units/mL (insulin lispro; hereafter, IL 100 pen; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) in patients with diabetes requiring >20 units of mealtime insulin and diabetes caregivers. This study also determined which attributes had the greatest influence on pen preference selection.
  
  
  
  In this 2-period, crossover, simulated-use study, 106 participants were randomized to 1 of 8 sequences that varied the pen order (IL 100 pen or IL 200 pen) and dosing order (15 units = low dose or 50 units = high dose) for a total of 4 simulated injections. Participants then completed a self-administered questionnaire to select their overall preference between the 2 pens and then rated the importance of 11 pen attributes in contributing to their overall preference.
  
  
  
  Of the 90 participants expressing an overall preference, significantly more preferred the IL 200 pen to the IL 100 pen (IL 200 pen: 80 respondents; IL 100 pen: 10 respondents; 95% confidence interval [0.81, 0.94], P < .0001). The total amount of insulin in the pen, the ease in pressing the injection button, and the amount of fluid injected were key attributes influencing IL 200 pen preference.
  
  
  
  Based on these key attributes, the IL 200 pen was significantly preferred over the IL 100 pen by patients with diabetes who require >20 daily mealtime insulin units or diabetes caregivers and may improve the injection experience for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Delivery Device Human Factors, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Brunt
authors.affiliation: Lilly Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA rees_tina_marie@lilly.com.
authors.forename: Tina M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057240:Patient Preference; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: basal-bolus therapy; concentrated insulin; diabetes mellitus; human factor studies; injection volume; insulin pen