title: Magnetospirillum caucaseum sp. nov., Magnetospirillum marisnigri sp. nov. and Magnetospirillum moscoviense sp. nov., freshwater magnetotactic bacteria isolated from three distinct geographical locations in European Russia.
abstract: Three strains of helical, magnetotactic bacteria, SO-1T, SP-1T and BB-1T, were isolated from freshwater sediments collected from three distinct locations in European Russia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains belong to the genus Magnetospirillum. Strains SO-1T and SP-1T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1T (99.3 and 98.1 %, respectively), and strain BB-1T with Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1T (97.3 %). The tree based on concatenated deduced amino acid sequences of the MamA, B, K, M, O, P, Q and T proteins, which are involved in magnetosome formation, was congruent with the tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains SO-1T, SP-1T and BB-1T were 65.9, 63.0 and 65.2 mol%, respectively. As major fatty acids, C18 : 1ω9, C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 0 were detected. DNA-DNA hybridization values between the novel strains and their closest relatives in the genus Magnetospirillum were less than 51.7 ± 2.3 %. In contrast to M. magnetotacticum MS-1T, the strains could utilize butyrate and propionate; strains SO-1T and BB-1T could also utilize glycerol. Strain SP-1T showed strictly microaerophilic growth, whereas strains SO-1T and BB-1T were more tolerant of oxygen. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strains from each other as well as from the two species of Magnetospirillum with validly published names. Therefore, the strains represent novel species, for which we propose the names Magnetospirillum caucaseum sp. nov. (type strain SO-1T = DSM 28995T = VKM B-2936T), Magnetospirillum marisnigri sp. nov. (type strain SP-1T = DSM 29006T = VKM B-2938T) and Magnetospirillum moscoviense sp. nov. (type strain BB-1T = DSM 29455T = VKM B-2939T).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dziuba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koziaeva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grouzdev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burganskaya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baslerov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolganova
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center Nanotechnology, Vyatka State University,Moscovskaya str. 36, Kirov 610000,Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chernyadyev
authors.affiliation: Bakulev Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences,Rublevskoe shosse 135, Moscow 121552,Russia.
authors.forename: Georgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Osipov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andrianova
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gorlenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Leninsky Ave 33, bld. 2, Moscow 119071,Russia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuznetsov
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D055944:Magnetosomes; D042201:Magnetospirillum / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012426:Russia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S