title: Day/night difference in extradural cortical stimulation for motor relearning in a subacute stroke rat model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the proper timing of extradural cortical stimulation (ECS) on the motor relearning in a rat model of subacute photothrombotic stroke.
  
  
  
  Photothrombotic infarction was induced on the dominant sensorimotor cortex in male Sprague-Dawley rats after training in a single-pellet reaching task (SPRT). Rats were randomly divided into three groups after stroke: ECS during the inactive period (Day-ECS group), ECS during the active period (Night-ECS group) and no ECS (Non-stimulated group). Six sham-operated rats were assigned to the control group. The Day- and Night-ECS group received continuous ECS for 12 hours during the day or night for 2 weeks from day 4 after the stroke. Behavioral assessment with SPRT was performed daily.
  
  
  
  SPRT showed a significantly faster and greater improvement in the Day and Night-ECS groups than in the Non-stimulated group. In the Day- and Night-ECS groups, the success rate of SPRT differed significantly from Non-stimulated group on day 11 and day 8, respectively. In addition, the Night-ECS group showed a significantly higher SPRT success rate than the Day-ECS group from days 10 to 13.
  
  
  
  ECS during the active period might be more effective for motor relearning in the subacute stroke rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunhee
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Health Science and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Hyuk
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D014404:Tubulin; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: Day/night; electrical stimulation; extradural cortical stimulation; motor learning; motor recovery; stroke