title: Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Constituents of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi.
abstract: The rhizomes of many Atractylodes species, including Atractylodes chinensis Koidzumi, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi, are collectively termed Atractylodis Rhizoma. We prepared n-hexane extracts of the three species and evaluated their anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Among all n-hexane extracts, those of A. japonica most strongly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells; five sesquiterpenes, atractylon, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, and 8-epiasterolid, were isolated from A. japonica. The phytochemical content of A. japonica was similar to those of A. chinensis and A. macrocephala. Moreover, the atractylon concentration was higher in A. japonica than in A. chinensis and A. macrocephala. Atractylon significantly inhibited NO and prostaglandin E2 production as well as inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Atractylon (40 mg/kg) also significantly reduced the acetic-acid-induced writhing response, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and hot-plate latent pain response in mice. According to the results, A. japonica has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects and atractylon is the major active component of A. japonica. Therefore, atractylon can be used as a bioactivity marker in A. japonica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University , Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lih-Geeng
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yun-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Po-Wei
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Limited , Takaoka, Toyama 933-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norimoto
authors.affiliation: Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Limited , Takaoka, Toyama 933-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michihara
authors.affiliation: Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Limited , Takaoka, Toyama 933-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Ching-Chiung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031174:Atractylodes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C046196:atractylon; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Atractylodes japonica; anti-inflammation; antinociceptive effects; atractylon