title: Maxillary and mandibular anterior crown width/height ratio and its relation to various arch perimeters, arch length, and arch width groups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the maxillary and mandibular anterior crown width/height ratio and its relation to various arch perimeters, arch length, and arch width (intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar) groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The calculated sample size was 128 subjects. The crown width/height, arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width of the maxilla and mandible were obtained via digital calliper (Mitutoyo, Japan). A total of 4325 variables were measured. The sex differences in the crown width and height were evaluated. Analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the differences between arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males had significantly larger mean values for crown width and height than females (P ≤ 0.05) for maxillary and mandibular arches, both. There were no significant differences observed for the crown width/height ratio in various arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width (intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar) groups (P ≤ 0.05) in maxilla and mandible, both.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate sexual disparities in the crown width and height. Crown width and height has no significant relation to various arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width groups of maxilla and mandible. Thus, it may be helpful for orthodontic and prosthodontic case investigations and comprehensive management.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fazal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Khursheed
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Forensic Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Fadhli
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Khamis
keywords: Arch length; arch perimeter; arch width; crown height; crown width; crown width/height ratio