title: High bisphenol A (BPA) concentration in the maternal, but not fetal, compartment increases the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to determine if BPA exposure, as measured by maternal plasma (MP) and amniotic fluid (AF) BPA concentrations is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this nested case-control study, MP samples from women in term labor (n = 30), preterm labor that ended with preterm delivery (n = 25), or who had pPROM (n = 30) and amniotic fluid samples from term labor (n= 45), preterm labor (n = 60), and pPROM (n = 35) were assayed for BPA by enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPA was detectible in 100% of MP and AF samples. Women with MP BPA concentrations in the fourth quartile were at increased risk of PTB (cOR = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.32-12.87; aOR = 4.78, 95% CI = 1.14-20) but not pPROM. High (fourth quartile) AF BPA values also tended to increase the risk of pPROM (cOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 0.96-6.37) but results were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased BPA concentration is associated with an increased risk for PTB or pPROM depending on the maternal-fetal compartment(s) affected. High MP plasma BPA concentrations are associated with PTB with intact membranes but high AF BPA concentrations may weakly be associated with pPROM.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , TX , USA .
authors.forename: Faranak
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Behnia
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biomedical Research .|c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.affiliation: d Department of Research and Evaluation , Kaiser-Permanente Southern California , Pasadena , CA , USA , and.
authors.forename: Darios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Getahun
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , TX , USA .
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , TX , USA .
authors.forename: Ramkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Amniotic fluid; bisphenol A; maternal plasma; preterm birth