title: Local T/B cooperation in inflamed tissues is supported by T follicular helper-like cells.
abstract: Autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions are characterized by large lymphocytic tissue infiltrates in which T and B cells can be found in close contact. Here, using a murine airway inflammation model, we compare antigen-specific T and B cells in lung tissue versus lung-draining lymph node. In the lung we identify a B-cell population exhibiting a classical germinal centre phenotype without being organized into ectopic lymphoid tissue. By contrast, classical CXCR5(+) Bcl-6(+) T follicular helper cells are not present. Nevertheless, lung-infiltrating T cells exhibit follicular helper-like properties including the potential to provide help to naive B cells. The lung tissue is also a survival niche for memory T and B cells remaining in residual peribronchial infiltrates after resolution of inflammation. Collectively, this study shows the importance of T/B cooperation not only in lymph nodes but also in inflamed peripheral tissues for local antibody responses to infection and autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.|Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vu Van
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.affiliation: Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.|Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Lea-Jean
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pietzke
authors.affiliation: Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.|Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maysun S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al Baz
authors.affiliation: Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.|Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Randi K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Feist
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurka
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Ruhr University, Alexandrinenstraße 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Eckard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamelmann
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kroczek
authors.affiliation: Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.|Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0572-8151
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hutloff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008211:Lymphocyte Cooperation / Q000276:immunology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000633:toxicity; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D051560:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C513179:CXCR5 protein, mouse; D051560:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D010047:Ovalbumin