title: Effects of flooding and aging on phytoremediation of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments by Kandelia obovata seedlings.
abstract: A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of flooding and aging on the phytoremediation of naphthalene (Nap), anthracene (Ant) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in mangrove sediment by Kandelia obovata (K. obovata) Druce seedlings. Flooding increased dissipation efficiency in the rhizosphere zone from 69.47% to 82.45%, 64.27% to 80.41%, and 61.55% to 78.31% for Nap, Ant and B[a]P, respectively. Aging decreased dissipation efficiency significantly. Further investigation demonstrated that increased enzyme activity was one of important factors for increasing PAHs dissipation rates in flooded mangrove sediments. Moreover, a novel method for in situ quantitative investigation of PAHs distribution in root tissues was established using microscopic fluorescence spectra analysis. Subsequently, the effects of flooding and aging on the distribution of PAHs in root tissues were evaluated using this established method. The order of bioavailable fractions of PAHs after phytoremediation was as follows: non-aging/non-flooding>flooding>aging.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui-Long
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570100, PR China.
authors.forename: Bei-Bei
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
authors.forename: Ya-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China. Electronic address: yzhang@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes / Q000032:analysis; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000032:analysis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002681:China; D055868:Floods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D058441:Rhizosphere; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C031721:naphthalene; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; C034020:anthracene
keywords: Aging; Flooding; Mangrove sediment; PAHs; Phytoremediation