title: Exploring intergenerational changes in perceptions of gender roles and sexuality among Indigenous women in Oaxaca.
abstract: The south of Mexico has traditionally faced disproportionate social, health and economic disadvantage relative to the rest of the country, due in part to lower levels of economic and human development, and barriers faced by Indigenous populations. The state of Oaxaca, in particular, has one of the highest proportions of Indigenous people and consistently displays high rates of maternal mortality, sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancy. This study examines how social values and norms surrounding sexuality have changed between two generations of women living in Indigenous communities in Oaxaca. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 women from two generational cohorts in 12 communities. Comparison views of these two cohorts suggest that cultural gender norms continue to govern how women express and experience their sexuality. In particular, feelings of shame and fear permeate the expression of sexuality, virginity continues be a determinant of a woman's worth and motherhood remains the key attribute to womanhood. Evidence points to a transformation of norms, and access to information and services related to sexual health is increasing. Nonetheless, there is still a need for culturally appropriate sex education programmes focused on female empowerment, increased access to sexual health services, and a reduction in the stigma surrounding women's expressions of sexuality.
authors.affiliation: a Population Council , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Tahilin S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Karver
authors.affiliation: a Population Council , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Annik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorhaindo
authors.affiliation: a Population Council , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Kate S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: a Population Council , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Xipatl
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Contreras
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D016901:Intergenerational Relations / Q000208:ethnology*; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011247:Pregnancy; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D019529:Sexuality / Q000208:ethnology*; D012945:Social Values / Q000208:ethnology; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Indigenous communities; Oaxaca; gender roles; sex education; social programmes