title: Long-term BH4 (sapropterin) treatment of children with hyperphenylalaninemia - effect on median Phe/Tyr ratios.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency causes various degrees of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4; sapropterin) reduces phenylalanine (Phe) levels in responders, enabling relaxation of dietary therapy. We aimed to assess long-term effects of BH4 treatment in HPA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine pre-pubertal BH4 responsive children were treated with BH4 for at least 2 years. The median dietary tolerance to Phe and levels of blood Phe, tyrosine (Tyr), zinc, selenium and vitamin B12 and anthropometric measurements, in the 2 years periods before and after the introduction of BH4 treatment were analyzed and compared. Adverse effects of BH4 were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The daily Phe tolerance had tripled, from pretreatment median value of 620 mg (IQR 400-700 mg) to 2000 (IQR 1000-2000 mg) after 2 years of follow up (p<0.001). The median blood Phe levels during the 2 years period before introducing BH4 did not change significantly during the 2 years on therapy (from 200 μmol/L; IQR 191-302 to 190 μmol/L; IQR 135-285 μmol/L), but the median blood Phe/Tyr ratio had lowered significantly from pre-treatment value 4.7 to 2.4 during the 2 years on therapy (p=0.01). Median zinc, selenium, vitamin B12 levels and anthropometric measurements did not change while on BH4 therapy (p=NS). No adverse effects were noticed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BH4 therapy enabled patients much higher dietary Phe intakes, with no noticeable adverse effects. Median blood Phe and Tyr levels, median zinc, selenium, vitamin B12 levels and anthropometric measurements did not change significantly on BH4 therapy, but median Phe/Tyr ratios had lowered.
authors.forename: Mojca Zerjav
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Tansek
authors.forename: Urh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Groselj
authors.forename: Matic
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelvisar
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobe
authors.forename: Barbka Repic
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lampret
authors.forename: Tadej
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Battelino
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood*; D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase / Q000172:deficiency*; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001708:Biopterins; D010649:Phenylalanine; D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase; C003402:sapropterin; D000409:Alanine