title: T2 and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of MRI Reflect Maturation of Tissue-Engineered Auricular Cartilage Subcutaneously Transplanted in Rats.
abstract: In cartilage regenerative medicine, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been applied clinically for partial defects of joint cartilage or nasal augmentation. To make treatment with ACI more effective and prevalent, modalities to evaluate the quality of transplanted constructs noninvasively are necessary. In this study, we compared the efficacy of several noninvasive modalities for evaluating the maturation of tissue-engineered auricular cartilage containing a biodegradable polymer scaffold. We first transplanted tissue-engineered cartilage consisting of human auricular chondrocytes, atelocollagen gel, and a poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) porous scaffold subcutaneously into the back of athymic nude rats. Eight weeks after transplantation, the rats were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray, and ultrasound as noninvasive modalities. Then, the excised constructs were examined by histological and biochemical analysis including toluidine blue (TB) staining, glycosaminoglycans content, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of type II collagen. Among the modalities examined, transverse relaxation time (T2) and apparent diffusion coefficient of MRI showed quite a high correlation with histological and biochemical results, suggesting that these can effectively detect the maturation of tissue-engineered auricular cartilage. Since these noninvasive modalities would realize time-course analysis of the maturation of tissue-engineered auricular cartilage, this study provides a substantial insight for improving the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage, leading to improvement of the quality and technique in cartilage regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.affiliation: 2 Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Japan .
authors.forename: Naotaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: 2 Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Japan .
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.affiliation: 2 Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Japan .
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.affiliation: 2 Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Japan .
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirasaki
authors.affiliation: 2 Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Japan .
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: 2 Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Japan .
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.affiliation: 2 Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Japan .
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Numano
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Health Science, Komazawa University , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Shouta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Kuni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takato
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*