title: Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face and their correlation to phi among Indians in Moradabad population: A survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to examine the existence of divine proportions among the Indian faces in Moradabad population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 100 patients (50 males; 50 females) aged 25-45 years were selected for the study. All facial photographs were analyzed based on the method of Ricketts assessing the divine proportions in vertical and transverse facial planes. Six horizontal and seven vertical ratios were determined, which were then compared with the phi ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The horizontal ratio results showed that three male and female ratios were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05), and interchilion/nose width ratio was highly significant (P < 0.001). The horizontal mean ratios for females as well as males were highly significant from the phi ratio (P < 0.001) except for interchilion/interdacryon ratio, which was significant (P < 0.05) for females and not significant (P > 0.05) for males. The vertical ratio results showed that there was a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) for forehead height/stomion-soft menton ratio and no significant difference for two ratios between the mean ratios of males and females. All the vertical mean ratios for both the groups were highly significant (P < 0.001), except for the intereye-soft menton/intereye-stomion ratio, which was significant (P < 0.05) for female group and not significant (P > 0.05) for the male group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although, the golden proportion is a prominent and recurring theme in esthetics, it should not be embraced as the only method by which human beauty is measured to the exclusion of others factors.
authors.affiliation: B.D.S, M.D.S (Prosthodontics and Implantology), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Siddhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.affiliation: B.D.S, M.D.S (Prosthodontics and Implantology), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anubhav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, I.T.S Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khaneja
authors.affiliation: HOD and Principal, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Swatantra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
keywords: Dentofacial esthetics; Ricketts facial proportions; esthetics; facial attractiveness; golden proportion; phi