title: Functional Segregation of Cortical Regions Underlying Speech Timing and Articulation.
abstract: Spoken language is a central part of our everyday lives, but the precise roles that individual cortical regions play in the production of speech are often poorly understood. To address this issue, we focally lowered the temperature of distinct cortical regions in awake neurosurgical patients, and we relate this perturbation to changes in produced speech sequences. Using this method, we confirm that speech is highly lateralized, with the vast majority of behavioral effects seen on the left hemisphere. We then use this approach to demonstrate a clear functional dissociation between nearby cortical speech sites. Focal cooling of pars triangularis/pars opercularis (Broca's region) and the ventral portion of the precentral gyrus (speech motor cortex) resulted in the manipulation of speech timing and articulation, respectively. Our results support a class of models that have proposed distinct processing centers underlying motor sequencing and execution for speech.
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA. Electronic address: mlong@med.nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA.
authors.forename: Kalman A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Katlowitz
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA.
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Svirsky
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA.
authors.forename: Rachel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.affiliation: Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY 10012 USA.
authors.forename: Tara McAllister
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA.
authors.forename: Najib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Majaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Human Brain Research Lab, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Human Brain Research Lab, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Human Brain Research Lab, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy D W
authors.initials: JDW
authors.lastname: Greenlee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001703:Biophysics; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D065711:Broca Area / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013060:Speech; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness