title: Adipose tissue fibrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia: Correlations with diabetes in human obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between adipose tissue fibrosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and preadipocyte hyperplasia in the context of obesity and the correlation of these tissue-based phenomena with systemic metabolic disease are poorly defined. The goal of this study was to clarify the relationship between adipose tissue fibrosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and preadipocyte hyperplasia in human obesity and determine the correlation of these adipose-tissue based phenomena with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from humans with obesity collected during bariatric surgery were studied with QRTPCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry for expression of collagens and fibrosis-related proteins, adipocyte size, and preadipocyte frequency. Results were correlated with clinical characteristics including diabetes status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrosis was decreased, hypertrophy was increased, and preadipocyte frequency and fibrotic gene expression were decreased in adipose tissues from diabetic subjects compared to non-diabetic subjects. These differences were greater in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data are consistent with the hypothesis that adipose tissue fibrosis in the context of human obesity limits adipocyte hypertrophy and is associated with a reciprocal increase in adipocyte hyperplasia, with beneficial effects on systemic metabolism. These findings suggest adipose tissue fibrosis as a potential target for manipulation of adipocyte metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Neeley
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Nicki A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Alice M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brosius
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Washabaugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Oliver A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Varban
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Finks
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Zamarron
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Flesher
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: DelProposto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geletka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinez-Santibanez
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaciroti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Carey N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lumeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism