title: In situ effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on community structure of freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates.
abstract: For the first time in the current literature, the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the community structure of macroinvertebrates has been investigated in situ. Macroinvertebrates were exposed for 100 days to an environmentally relevant concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles, 25 mg kg(-1) in sediment. Czekanowski's index was 0.61, meaning 39% of the macroinvertebrate community structure was affected by the TiO2 treatment. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) visualized the qualitative and quantitative variability of macroinvertebrates at the community level among all samples. A distance-based permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed the significant effect of TiO2 on the macroinvertebrate community structure. The indicator value analysis showed that the relative frequency and abundance of Planorbarius corneus and Radix labiata were significantly lower in the TiO2 treatment than in the control. Meanwhile, Ceratopogonidae, showed a significantly higher relative frequency and abundance in the TiO2 treatment than in the control.
authors.affiliation: Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: nanoaquatox@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
authors.forename: Djuradj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milošević
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milica Stojković
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Piperac
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savić
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005618:Fresh Water; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Benthic community; E171; Invertebrates; Nanoparticles; Titanium dioxide