title: Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion by Freely Moving Rats of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and Related Polyphenols from Olive Fruits (Olea europaea).
abstract: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, oleuropein, and hydroxytyrosol isolated from olive fruits were newly evaluated after oral and intravenous administration in freely moving rats cannulated in the portal vein, jugular vein, and bile duct. Orally administered 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, an important bioactive compound in olive pomace, was readily absorbed and metabolized to hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol, as shown by dose-normalized 4 h area under the curve (AUC0→4 h/Dose) values of 27.7, 4.5, and 4.2 μM·min·kg/μmol, respectively, in portal plasma after oral administration. The parent compound 3,4-DHPEA-EDA was not observed in the portal plasma, urine, and bile after oral and intravenous administration. Additionally, hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol in the portal plasma after oral administration of hydroxytyrosol showed 51.1, 22.8, and 7.1 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose, respectively. When oleuropein, a polar glucoside, was injected orally, oleuropein in the portal plasma showed 0.9 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose. However, homovanillic acid was detected from oleuropein in only a small amount in the portal plasma. Moreover, the bioavailability of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein for 4 hours was 13.1% and 0.5%, respectively. Because the amount of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA in olive fruits is about 2-3 times greater than that of hydroxytyrosol, the metabolites of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA will influence biological activities.
authors.affiliation: The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: The Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komada
authors.affiliation: The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; The Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.affiliation: The Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.affiliation: The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; The Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura