title: Attenuated psychotic and basic symptom characteristics in adolescents with ultra-high risk criteria for psychosis, other non-psychotic psychiatric disorders and early-onset psychosis.
abstract: While attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) and basic symptoms (BS) are the main current predictors of psychosis in adults, studies in adolescents are scarce. Thus, we (1) described the prevalence and severity of positive, negative, disorganization, general, and basic symptoms in adolescent patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), with other non-psychotic psychiatric disorders (PC) and with early-onset psychosis (EOP); and (2) investigated BS criteria in relation to UHR criteria. Sixty-nine 12-18-year-old adolescents (15.3 ± 1.7 years, female = 58.0 %, UHR = 22, PC = 27, EOP = 20) were assessed with the structured interview for prodromal syndromes (SIPS) and the schizophrenia proneness instrument-child and youth version (SPI-CY). Despite similar current and past 12-month global functioning, both UHR and EOP had significantly higher SIPS total and subscale scores compared to PC, with moderate-large effect sizes. Expectedly, UHR had significantly lower SIPS positive symptom scores than EOP, but similar SIPS negative, disorganized, and general symptom scores. Compared to PC, both EOP and UHR had more severe basic thought and perception disturbances, and significantly more often met cognitive disturbances criteria (EOP = 50.0 %, UHR = 40.9 %, PC = 14.8 %). Compared to UHR, both EOP and PC significantly less often met cognitive-perceptive BS criteria (EOP = 35.0 %, UHR = 68.2 %, PC = 25.9 %). BS were significantly more prevalent in both EOP and UHR than PC, and UHR were similar to EOP in symptom domains. Given the uncertain outcome of adolescents at clinical high-risk of psychosis, future research is needed to determine whether the combined assessment of early subjective disturbances with observable APS can improve the accuracy of psychosis prediction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.|Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nella
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lo Cascio
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.|Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.|The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: Research Unit for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, North Denmark Region, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ditte Lammers
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Vernal
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.
authors.forename: Aseel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Jadiri
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.
authors.forename: Yehonatan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Borenstein
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.|Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.|The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.|School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taishiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Armando
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vicari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiori Nastro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.|Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.|The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.|Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.|Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auther
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.|Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.|The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carrión
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.|Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.|The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cornblatt
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Benno G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Schimmelmann
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schultze-Lutter
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA. ccorrell@lij.edu.|Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA. ccorrell@lij.edu.|The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA. ccorrell@lij.edu.|Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA. ccorrell@lij.edu.
authors.forename: Christoph U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Correll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D063189:Symptom Assessment
keywords: Adolescents; Basic symptoms; Early detection; Early-onset psychosis; Ultra-high risk