title: The influence of pruning and harvest timing on hop aroma, cone appearance, and yield.
abstract: Humulus lupulus (hop) cone is a key ingredient of beer, which determines its taste and aroma. Thus, it is necessary to control its cultivation conditions to acquire suitable quality. Here, cultivation conditions, such as pruning, blooming, and harvest timings, were modified for the Saaz hop variety in the Saaz region of Czech Republic. We investigated the correlation between the abovementioned cultivation factors and hop aroma characteristics, chemical components, appearance, yield, and beer quality in four locations and in three years. Harvest timing had a significant impact on the amount of essential oils, especially monoterpenes. Among them, linalool, geraniol and myrcene, which contribute beer hoppy aroma, increased with delay in harvest timing. These impacts caused by harvest timing were confirmed in all 4 locations and in all 3years. Our findings suggest that harvest timing influences the intensity and quality of beer hoppy aroma.
authors.affiliation: Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Research Institute, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan. Electronic address: Hiroo_Matsui@suntory.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Suntory Beer Ltd., Beer Development Department, 5-2-5 Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0001, Japan. Electronic address: Takako_Inui@suntory.co.jp.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: Suntory Beer Ltd., Musashino Brewery, 3-1 Yazaki-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8533, Japan. Electronic address: Kaneo_Oka@suntory.co.jp.
authors.forename: Kaneo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Research Institute, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan. Electronic address: Nobuyuki_Fukui@suntory.co.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000475:Alkenes / Q000032:analysis; D001515:Beer; D003116:Color; D018153:Czech Republic; D005511:Food Handling; D063427:Food Quality; D027582:Humulus / Q000737:chemistry*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry*; D012903:Smell; D013649:Taste; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000475:Alkenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013729:Terpenes; C509595:myrcene; C018584:linalool; C007836:geraniol
keywords: Beer; Cultivation; Harvest; Hop; Humulus lupulus; Pruning