title: A clinical study to assess the pathological involvement of occult supraclavicular lymphnode metastasis in case of locally advanced operable breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognosis of ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node (SCLN) recurrence after early breast cancer appears to be worse than for other locoregional recurrences, but better than for distant metastases. Prophylactic radiotherapy (RT) to supraclavicular region decreases risk of ipsilateral SCLN recurrence. Currently, all patients with locally advanced breast cancer are considered high-risk for SCLN metastasis and treated with prophylactic RT. This study is carried out to identify risk factors associated with occult SCLN metastases in locally advanced breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 48 female patients of all ages presenting with locally advanced carcinoma of breast who were operable by protocol criteria were included in the study. All the patients underwent modified radical mastectomy with supraclavicular lymphnode dissection. The resected specimen was processed for the histopathological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occult SCLN metastases are found in 25% (12/48) of the patients in this study. Eleven factors were identified and analyzed to know whether or not they are associated with SCLN metastasis. Of those only pathological N stage (7% for <pN3 vs and 52% for pN3 stage) and level axillary nodal involvement (7% for patients without Level III involvement and 52% for with Level III involvement) are significantly associated with high-risk for occult supraclavicular lymphnode metastasis. Other factors such as age, menopausal status, T stage, pathologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, hormone receptor, and Her2 neu receptor status are not associated with risk for SCLN metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has shown that only high axillary disease burden in terms of more than 10 node positivity or more than 75% positive node out of total dissected nodes is associated with occult supraclavicular lymphnode metastasis breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department Surgical Oncology, Bhagwan mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Virani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis