title: Emerging Tissue and Blood-Based Biomarkers that may Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.
abstract: The immune system plays an essential role in the surveillance and eradication of neoplastic cells. This interaction is modulated via immunologic regulators (checkpoints). Antibodies that block the checkpoints cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway (PD1/PD-L1) have demonstrated efficacy in a number of malignancies. However, response rates are variable, and administration of these antibodies can be associated with immune-related adverse events. Therefore, researchers are engaged in an effort to discover biomarkers that may predict response to these agents. This review focuses on potential blood and tumor-based biomarkers that have been assessed in patients treated with these checkpoint-blocking antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA. friedmac@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Claire F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA. postowm@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Postow
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D000074324:Ipilimumab; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab; C582435:pembrolizumab
keywords: Biomarkers; CTLA-4; Checkpoint blockade; Immunotherapy; Ipilimumab; Melanoma; Neoantigens; Nivolumab; PD-1; PD-L1; Pembrolizumab