title: Responses of the Toll-like receptor and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signaling pathways to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicks.
abstract: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a Gammacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against IBV. Here, we explored the interaction between IBV and the host innate immune system. Severe histopathological lesions were observed in the tracheal mucosa at 3-5 days post inoculation (dpi) and in the kidney at 8 dpi, with heavy viral loads at 1-11 and 1-28 dpi, respectively. The expression of mRNAs encoding Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR7 were upregulated at 3-8 dpi, and that of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (IFN) β (TRIF) was upregulated at 21 dpi in the trachea and kidney. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) was upregulated in the trachea during early infection. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3 and TRAF6 were upregulated expression in both tissues. Moreover, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), stimulator of IFN genes (STING), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), as well as TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) ε, IKKα, IKKβ, IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7, nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-ĸB), IFN-α, IFN-β, various interleukins(ILs), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) were significantly upregulated in the trachea and downregulated in the kidney. These results suggested that the TLR and MDA5 signaling pathways and innate immune cytokine were induced after IBV infection. Additionally, consistent responses to IBV infection were observed during early infection, with differential and complicated responses in the kidney.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
authors.forename: Jinglong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
authors.forename: Jinlian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
authors.forename: Yansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
authors.forename: Tianchao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. momeilan@163.com.
authors.forename: Meilan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. pingwei8@126.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
keywords: Toll-like receptor signal pathway; cytokines; infectious bronchitis virus; melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signal pathway