title: Reproducibility of R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) reconstruction methods in the basal ganglia of healthy subjects.
abstract: The basal ganglia are key structures for motor, cognitive and behavioral functions. They undergo several changes with aging and disease, such as Parkinson's or Huntington's disease, for example. Iron accumulation in basal ganglia is often related to these diseases, which is conventionally monitored by the transverse relaxation rate (R2*). Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel contrast mechanism in MRI produced by adding information taken from the phase of the MR signal to its magnitude. It has been shown to be more sensitive to subtle changes in Parkinson's disease. In order to be applied widely to various pathologies, its reproducibility must be evaluated in order to assess intra-subject variability and to disseminate into clinical and pharmaceutical studies. In this work, we studied the reproducibility and sensitivity of several QSM techniques. Fourteen subjects were scanned four times, and QSM and R2* images were reconstructed and registered. An atlas of the basal ganglia was used to automatically define regions of interest. We found that QSM measurements are indeed reproducible in the basal ganglia of healthy subjects and can be widely used as a replacement for R2* mapping in iron-rich regions. This reproducibility study could lead to several lines of research in relaxometry and susceptibility measurements, in vivo iron load evaluation as well as pharmacological assessment and biomarker development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Paris, France.|ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Santin
authors.affiliation: CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Paris, France.|ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Didier
authors.affiliation: CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Paris, France.|ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valabrègue
authors.affiliation: CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Paris, France.|ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yahia Cherif
authors.affiliation: CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Paris, France.|ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube (UMR 7357), FMTS, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loureiro de Sousa
authors.affiliation: CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Paris, France.|ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bardinet
authors.affiliation: CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Paris, France.|ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehéricy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007501:Iron
keywords: R2*; basal ganglia; brain; neurological diseases; quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM); relaxometry; reproducibility