title: The pentraxins PTX3 and SAP in innate immunity, regulation of inflammation and tissue remodelling.
abstract: Pentraxins are a superfamily of fluid phase pattern recognition molecules conserved in evolution and characterized by a cyclic multimeric structure. C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) constitute the short pentraxin arm of the superfamily. CRP and SAP are produced in the liver in response to IL-6 and are acute phase reactants in humans and mice respectively. In addition SAP has been shown to affect tissue remodelling and fibrosis by stabilizing all types of amyloid fibrils and by regulating monocyte to fibrocyte differentiation. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is the prototype of the long pentraxin arm. Gene targeted mice and genetic and epigenetic studies in humans suggest that PTX3 plays essential non-redundant roles in innate immunity and inflammation as well as in tissue remodelling. Recent studies have revealed the role of PTX3 as extrinsic oncosuppressor, able to tune cancer-related inflammation. In addition, at acidic pH PTX3 can interact with provisional matrix components promoting inflammatory matrix remodelling. Thus acidification during tissue repair sets PTX3 in a tissue remodelling and repair mode, suggesting that matrix and microbial recognition are common, ancestral features of the humoral arm of innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan) 20089, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bottazzi
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan) 20089, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inforzato
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Messa
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan) 20089, Italy.
authors.forename: Marialuisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbagallo
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan) 20089, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magrini
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan) 20089, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garlanda
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan) 20089, Italy; Humanitas University, Rozzano (Milan) 20089, Italy. Electronic address: alberto.mantovani@humanitasresearch.it.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D051379:Mice; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins
keywords: Clinical biomarker; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Pattern recognition molecules; Pentraxin