title: Testing of antibiotic releasing implant coatings to fight bacteria in combat-associated osteomyelitis - an in-vitro study.
abstract: Surgical procedures to prevent osteomyelitis after trauma can be supported by local application of antibiotics. This in-vitro study investigated the release and impact of antibiotics from implant coatings against bacteria associated with combat-related osteomyelitis.
  
  
  
  K-wires were coated with poly(D,L-lactide) and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, colistin, daptomycin or cefoxitin in different concentrations. The release was quantified and antimicrobial activity tested for different gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, alone and in combination. To exclude toxic effects, primary osteoblast-like cells were exposed to antibiotic coating concentrations.
  
  
  
  All antibiotics alone and in combination showed an initial burst release with dose dependent antimicrobial activity and no negative effects on osteoblast-like cells, except for cefoxitin.
  
  
  
  Implant coatings can be customized with single or double antibiotic coatings to effectively fight different bacteria and also mixed infections in the treatment of a combat-acquired osteomyelitis. However, optimal drug load and degradation behaviour of individual antibiotics have to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Septic and Reconstructive Surgery, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany. david.back@charite.de.|Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. david.back@charite.de.
authors.forename: David Alexander
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Back
authors.affiliation: Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bormann
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.|Research Institute for Special Analyses, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing in Berlin (VLB), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zech
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.|Research Institute for Special Analyses, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing in Berlin (VLB), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Leif Alexander
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Garbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, Berlin Branch, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Septic and Reconstructive Surgery, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willy
authors.affiliation: Department for Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Paraplegiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmidmaier
authors.affiliation: Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wildemann
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001419:Bacteria; D001864:Bone Wires; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D000067398:War-Related Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotics; Bacteria; Combat injury; Implant coating; Orthopaedic infections; Osteomyelitis; PDLLA