title: Inhibitory effects of geranium essential oil and its major component, citronellol, on degranulation and cytokine production by mast cells.
abstract: We investigated the effects of geranium essential oil (GEO) on anaphylaxis. GEO can exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but its roles in allergic reactions are incompletely understood. Here, we used mouse cells to show that GEO inhibited the degranulation of cultured mast cells (CMCs). Citronellol is the major component of GEO and inhibited CMC degranulation. The l-enantiomer of citronellol more effectively suppressed CMC degranulation than did d-citronellol. We also examined whether citronellol could inhibit the immunoglobulin (Ig) E-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Treatment with various concentrations of citronellol before CMC activation with IgE significantly inhibited the induction of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, citronellol suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK), which is critical for ERK activation and the production of inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. These findings suggest that citronellol may represent a candidate compound for the effective treatment of allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition , Senri Kinran University , Suita , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition , Senri Kinran University , Suita , Japan.
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition , Senri Kinran University , Suita , Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yorita
authors.affiliation: b Research and Development Center , Nagaoka Perfumery Co., Ltd. , Ibaraki , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: b Research and Development Center , Nagaoka Perfumery Co., Ltd. , Ibaraki , Japan.
authors.forename: Hironari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazato
authors.affiliation: b Research and Development Center , Nagaoka Perfumery Co., Ltd. , Ibaraki , Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition , Senri Kinran University , Suita , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jippo
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D031315:Geranium / Q000737:chemistry*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D029604:Phytolacca americana / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D016207:Cytokines; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C007078:citronellol
keywords: anti-allergic effect; citronellol; cytokine production; degranulation; mast cell