title: Polymeric materials for embolic and chemoembolic applications.
abstract: Percutaneous transcatheter embolization procedures involve the selective occlusion of blood vessels. Occlusive agents, referred to as embolics, vary in material characteristics including chemical composition, mechanical properties, and the ability to concurrently deliver drugs. Commercially available polymeric embolics range from gelatin foam to synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol). Current systems under investigation include tunable, bioresorbable microspheres composed of chitosan or poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives, in situ gelling liquid embolics with improved safety profiles, and radiopaque embolics that are trackable in vivo. This article reviews commercially available materials used for embolization as well as polymeric materials that are under investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poursaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Mark Martin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Electronic address: hamid.ghandehari@pharm.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghandehari
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Arteriovenous malformations; Drug eluting beads; Embolics; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Polymers; Uterine fibroids