title: The use of grounded theory in studies of nurses and midwives' coping processes: a systematic literature search.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Researchers are increasingly using grounded theory methodologies to study the professional experience of nurses and midwives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review common grounded theory characteristics and research design quality as described in grounded theory studies of coping strategies used by nurses and midwives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic database search for 2005-2015 identified and assessed grounded theory characteristics from 16 studies. Study quality was assessed using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grounded theory was considered a methodology or a set of methods, able to be used within different nursing and midwifery contexts. Specific research requirements determined the common grounded theory characteristics used in different studies. Most researchers did not clarify their epistemological and theoretical perspectives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To improve research design and trustworthiness of grounded theory studies in nursing and midwifery, researchers need to state their theoretical stance and clearly articulate their use of grounded theory methodology and characteristics in research reporting.
authors.affiliation: a College of Arts, Education and Society , James Cook University , PO Box 6811, Cairns , Australia.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheer
authors.affiliation: b Division of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , PO Box 6811, Cairns , Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacLaren
authors.affiliation: c The Cairns Institute, James Cook University , PO Box 6811, Cairns , Australia.
authors.forename: Komla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsey
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D005260:Female; D066296:Grounded Theory; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000523:psychology*; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: coping; grounded theory; midwives; nurses; qualitative research; research design; strategies