title: 3,4-Methylenedioxy-β-Nitrostyrene Ameliorates Experimental Burn Wound Progression by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Burn wound progression remains a challenging problem in the clinic. Secondary tissue damage caused by unlimited inflammatory response is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to this clinical problem. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has recently been found to play important roles in immune activation and the inflammatory response after burn/trauma. This experimental study aims (1) to observe the expression and distribution of NLRP3 inflammasome in burn wounds of a rat burn model and (2) to study whether inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation would ameliorate burn wound progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A deep second-degree burn was inflicted on the backs of Wistar rats. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and interleukin-1β were determined by Western blot and coimmunoprecipitation. The distribution of NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and double-labeling immunofluorescence. Neutrophil infiltration, wound perfusion, burn depth, and wound healing time were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burn induced remarkable NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cleavage of interleukin-1β. The NLRP3 inflammasome was observed mainly in macrophages of the zone of stasis. 3,4-Methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine production in burn wounds. Consequently, neutrophil infiltration was reduced, wound perfusion was restored, burn wound progression was ameliorated, and wound healing was accelerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the authors demonstrated that burn induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory response in wounds, which may be associated with burn wound progression. Treatment with 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ameliorated burn wound progression, and promoted wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Beijing, People's Republic of China From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burn Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA.
authors.forename: Mengjing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ligen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chenxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lingying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002056:Burns / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004148:Dioxolanes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C514815:3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004148:Dioxolanes; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C573346:Nlrp3 protein, rat