title: Associations Between Periodontitis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The 2010 to 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: The aim of this study is to examine whether oral hygiene and self-care, particularly in periodontal health, are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Korean population.
  
  
  
  Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012 were used to assess the community periodontal index (CPI) of 5,878 participants (normal lung function: n = 5,181; obstructive spirometric pattern: n = 697) aged ≥40 years, who underwent spirometry.
  
  
  
  Participants with COPD brushed their teeth less frequently and used the following less frequently: 1) dental floss and/or interdental brush; 2) mouthwash; and 3) electric toothbrush (P <0.001). Prevalence of periodontitis in patients with COPD (58.1%) was significantly higher than in those without COPD (34.0%, P <0.001). Number of teeth was significantly lower in patients with COPD compared with controls. Decayed-missing-filled tooth index was significantly lower in patients with COPD. This study shows risk of COPD by periodontal severity. Periodontitis (CPI 3 and 4) was associated in males with COPD after adjustment for: 1) age; 2) income; 3) education; 4) smoking; 5) alcohol consumption; 6) exercise; 7) body mass index; 8) toothbrushing frequency; 9) diabetes mellitus; and 10) number of teeth (CPI 3: relative risk [RR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12 to 2.05; CPI 4: RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.56).
  
  
  
  Findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that COPD in males may be associated with severe periodontitis and indicates the importance of promoting dental care in patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sun-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Ho
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D013147:Spirometry
keywords: Oral hygiene; periodontitis; pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; respiratory function tests