title: Qualitative/Chemical Analyses of Ankaferd Hemostat and Its Antioxidant Content in Synthetic Gastric Fluids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ankaferd hemostat (ABS) is the first topical haemostatic agent involving the red blood cell-fibrinogen interactions. The antihemorrhagic efficacy of ABS has been tested in controlled clinical trials. The drug induces the formation of an encapsulated complex protein web with vital erythroid aggregation. The aim of this study is to detect the essential toxicity profile and the antioxidant molecules inside ABS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pesticides were analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS. The determination by ICP-MS after pressure digestion was performed for the heavy metals. HPLC was used for the detection of mycotoxins. Dioxin Response Chemically Activated Luciferase Gene Expression method was used for the dioxin evaluation. TOF-MS and spectra data were evaluated to detect the antioxidants and other molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TOF-MS spectra revealed the presence of several antioxidant molecules (including tocotrienols, vitamin E, tryptophan, estriol, galangin, apigenin, oenin, 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran, TBHQ, thymol, BHA, BHT, lycopene, glycyrrhetinic acid, and tomatine), which may have clinical implications in the pharmacobiological actions of ABS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safety of ABS regarding the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, GMO and dioxins, and PCBs was demonstrated. Thus the present toxicological results indicated the safety of ABS. The antioxidant content of ABS should be investigated in future studies.
authors.affiliation: National Food Reference Laboratory, Department of Mineral Analyses, Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, 06170 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koluman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology, TOBB-ETU Hospital, 06570 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nejat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akar
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umit Y
authors.initials: UY
authors.lastname: Malkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Haznedaroglu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; C539751:ankaferd blood stopper