title: Common Ground? The Concordance of Sarcopenia and Frailty Definitions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to explore the concordance between definitions of sarcopenia and frailty in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were retrieved from a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in a geriatric outpatient clinic of a middle-sized teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 299 geriatric outpatients (mean age 82.4, SD 7.1) who were consecutively referred to the outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence rates and subsequent concordance evolving from 3 definitions of sarcopenia and 2 definitions of frailty were compared. Definitions of sarcopenia included the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (gait speed, handgrip strength, muscle mass), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (gait speed, muscle mass) and the definition by Janssen (muscle mass). Definitions of frailty included the Fried frailty phenotype (weight loss, exhaustion, physical inactivity, handgrip strength, walk time) and the definition of Rockwood (use of walking aid, activities of daily living, incontinence, and cognitive impairment).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence rates for sarcopenia varied between 17% and 22% and between 29% and 33% for frailty. There was little concordance in intraindividual prevalence rates of sarcopenia and frailty using different definitions. None of the outpatients was classified as having sarcopenia and frailty according to all applied definitions. Outpatients with sarcopenia were more likely to be frail than frail outpatients to be sarcopenic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clearly indicates that sarcopenia and frailty are 2 separate conditions based on the current definitions. It is important to diagnose sarcopenia and frailty as separate entities, as each may require specific treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esmee M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Reijnierse
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marijke C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Trappenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Geriatrics, Bronovo Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Blauw
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjors
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verlaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition, Sports and Health, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marian A E
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de van der Schueren
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carel G M
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Meskers
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: andrea.maier@mh.org.au.
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009426:Netherlands; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Sarcopenia; concordance; definition; frailty; geriatric outpatients