title: The multifaceted impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in children in France between 2001 to 2014.
abstract: In 2003, France was the first European country to recommend 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) for a large proportion of healthy children. With complicated recommendations, the vaccine coverage during the first 4 y of implementation was low, then progressively increased to reach 90% in 2008. The aim of this review was to describe the particular impact of PCVs in a country where the vaccine coverage was initially suboptimal. After PCV7 implementation, the PCV7 serotypes nearly disappeared among pneumococci isolated from meningitis (-73%), other invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD; -90%) and pneumococcal carriage (-97%). Consequently, the rates of penicillin-resistant strains declined. However, because of important serotype replacement, the global effect on the incidence of meningitis (-31%) or other IPD (-14%) was modest and observed only in young children < 2 y old. After PCV13 transition, with immediate high vaccine coverage, the vaccine had an important impact on all pneumococcal disease: reduction of -20% for pneumococcal meningitis, -36% for non-meningitis IPD, -32% for community acquired pneumonia and -15% for S. pneumoniae carriage. These findings underline the complexity of pneumococcal epidemiology and the importance of high and fast vaccination coverage to obtain the optimal effect of PCVs.
authors.affiliation: a Université Paris Est ; IMRB- GRC GEMINI ; Créteil , France.|b ACTIV; Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne ; Saint-Maur des Fossés , France.|c Clinical Research Center (CRC) ; Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil ; Créteil , France.|d Unité Court Séjour; Petits Nourrissons ; Service de Néonatologie; Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil ; France.|e GPIP (Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique) de la SFP (Société Française de Pédiatrie) ; Paris , France.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: a Université Paris Est ; IMRB- GRC GEMINI ; Créteil , France.|c Clinical Research Center (CRC) ; Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil ; Créteil , France.|e GPIP (Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique) de la SFP (Société Française de Pédiatrie) ; Paris , France.|f Service des urgences pédiatriques ; Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil ; Créteil , France.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biscardi
authors.affiliation: a Université Paris Est ; IMRB- GRC GEMINI ; Créteil , France.|b ACTIV; Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne ; Saint-Maur des Fossés , France.|c Clinical Research Center (CRC) ; Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil ; Créteil , France.|e GPIP (Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique) de la SFP (Société Française de Pédiatrie) ; Paris , France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007223:Infant; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
keywords: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; acute otitis media; carriage; children; impact; invasive pneumococcal disease; pneumococcal meningitis; pneumonia