title: [Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated in urinary tract infections in Venezuela: Results of the SMART study 2009-2012].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI) is a growing problem, which complicates their effective treatment. Surveillance is needed to guide appropriate empiric therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to describe the susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated of patients with UTI to twelve antibiotics as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Venezuela.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2009-2012 a total of 472 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from hospitalized patients with UTI. The isolates were sent to Central Laboratory (Central Laboratory of International Health Management Associates) to confirm their identification, and to make susceptibility testing as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Enterobacteriacea comprised 96.6% of the total, where Escherichia coli (76.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.6%) were the most frequent. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was detected in 21.6% of isolates. Top antimicrobial activity were ertapenem, imipenem, and amikacin (> 90.0%), slightly lower for amikacin (85.1%) in ESBL-producing strains. Resistance rates to fluoroquinolones and ampicillin/sulbactam were high (40 y 64%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a necessary revision of the therapeutic regimens for the empirical treatment of UTI in Venezuela.
authors.forename: Napoleón
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Altagracia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merentes
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papaptzikos
authors.forename: Narlesky
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oranges
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vlllarroel
authors.forename: Yoxsivell
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Limas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D014687:Venezuela; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents