title: Intra-uterine Growth Retardation as a Risk Factor of Postnatal Metabolic Disorders.
abstract: Intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) represents one of the major problems in perinatal medicine. IUGR is one of main causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. A huge number and variety of established and possible causes of IUGR have been described. There are currently no data about effective treatment of this fetal condition. IUGR has been described to be strictly involved in fetal programming. Fetal programming is the general idea, which tells us how during development of the embryo and fetus significant physiological parameters can be shaped by environmental events. A link between the intra-uterine growth retardation and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease postnatally has been well documented. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current knowledge of IUGR effects on development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, impact on insulin secretion and resistance, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The influence of intrauterine growth retardation on predisposition to obesity and adipose dysfunction was also described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. radek@bg.umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Radzislaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mierzynski
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dluski
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darmochwal-Kolarz
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poniedziałek-Czajkowska
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leszczynska-Gorzelak
authors.forename: Zaneta
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kimber-Trojnar
authors.lastname: Agnieszka-Wankowicz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oleszczuk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin