title: Antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities of Phyllanthus emblica, Manilkara zapota and silymarin: an in vitro comparative study for anti-aging applications.
abstract: Context Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae) (amla), Manilkara zapota L.P. Royen (Sapotaceae) (sapota) and silymarin are reported to contain antioxidant effects. However, information on other biological activities relating to the anti-aging properties is limited. Objective To compare in vitro antioxidants, anti-collagenase (MMP-1 and MMP-2) and anti-elastase properties as well as the phenolic and flavonoid contents of amla, sapota and silymarin as potential anti-aging ingredients. Materials and methods The ethanol amla and sapota fruit extracts were prepared by three cycles of maceration with 24 h duration each. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The effects of MMP-1, MMP-2 and elastase inhibitions were determined by using the EnzChek® assay kits (Molecular-Probes, Eugene, OR). Results Amla exhibited the highest in TPC (362.43 ± 11.2 mg GAE/g) while silymarin showed the highest in TFC (21.04 ± 0.67 mg QE/g). Results of antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods showed that amla possessed the most potent capacity with IC50 values of 1.70 ± 0.07 and 4.45 ± 0.10 μg/mL, respectively. Highest inhibitions against MMP-1, MMP-2 and elastase were detected for sapota with IC50 values of 89.61 ± 0.96, 86.47 ± 3.04 and 35.73 ± 0.61 μg/mL, respectively. Discussion and conclusion Test extracts offered anti-aging properties in different mechanisms. Amla showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant property with moderate anti-collagenase. Silymarin exhibited measurable flavonoid content with anti-elastase effect. Sapota showed the highest collagenase and elastase inhibitions with moderate antioxidant effect. Thus, extracts might be added as a mixture to gain the overall anti-aging effects.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pientaweeratch
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Vipaporn
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panapisal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Anyarporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tansirikongkol
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit; D032129:Manilkara / Q000737:chemistry; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica / Q000737:chemistry; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012838:Silymarin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D012838:Silymarin; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Amla; MMPs total flavonoid content; sapota; total phenolic content