title: Stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis concomitant to exudative maculopathies.
abstract: PurposeTo report the clinical course of patients presenting with stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis (SNIFR) concomitant with exudative maculopathies.MethodsRetrospective case series. Multimodal imaging findings, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were reviewed. Genetic testing for the RS1 gene was performed in one patient.ResultsWe identified two female patients who fit the definition of SNIFR and presented with concomitant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD). In both the patients, SD-OCT showed exudative macular features and splitting (bilateral in patient 1, unilateral in patient 2) of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) in the macula with no other evidence of hereditary or an acquired predisposing condition. Genetic testing excluded mutation of RS1 gene in patient 1. The fundi of both the patients showed characteristic signs of active choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and following anti-VEGF treatment, visual acuity improved and CNV-related exudative changes resolved. However, the split along the OPL remained unaltered.ConclusionsSNIFR may be associated with n-AMD. It is important to recognise the presence of retinoschisis when there is other exudative pathology as the former may be misinterpreted as intraretinal fluid, prompting unnecessary treatment.
authors.affiliation: Belfast Health and Social Care Trust and Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.|Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casalino
authors.affiliation: Belfast Health and Social Care Trust and Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Upendran
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bandello
authors.affiliation: Belfast Health and Social Care Trust and Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D041441:Retinoschisis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004396:Coloring Agents; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007208:Indocyanine Green