title: Camphor-mediated synthesis of carbon nanoparticles, graphitic shell encapsulated carbon nanocubes and carbon dots for bioimaging.
abstract: A green method for an efficient synthesis of water-soluble carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), graphitic shell encapsulated carbon nanocubes (CNCs), Carbon dots (CDs) using Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) is demonstrated. Here, we describe a competent molecular fusion and fission route for step-wise synthesis of CDs. Camphor on acidification and carbonization forms CNPs, which on alkaline hydrolysis form CNCs that are encapsulated by thick graphitic layers and on further reduction by sodium borohydride yielded CDs. Though excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence is observed in all the three carbon nanostructures, CDs possess enhanced photoluminescent properties due to more defective carbonaceous structures. The surface hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups make them water soluble in nature. They possess excellent photostability, higher quantum yield, increased absorption, decreased cytotoxicity and hence can be utilized as a proficient bio imaging agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D.F.
authors.forename: Goldie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oza
authors.affiliation: Program on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D.F.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D.F.|Institute of Molecules &Materials of Le Mans (IMMM) UMR CNRS 6283, Universite du Maine, 72085 Le Mans, France.
authors.forename: Victor-Ishrayelu
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Merupo
authors.affiliation: Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinde
authors.affiliation: Walchand Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology (wcRnb), Walchand College of Arts and Science, Walchand-Hirachand Marg, Ashok Chowk, Solapur-413006 MS, India.
authors.forename: Ashmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mewada
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D.F.
authors.forename: Jose Tapia
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D.F.|Program on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D.F.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velumani
authors.affiliation: Walchand Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology (wcRnb), Walchand College of Arts and Science, Walchand-Hirachand Marg, Ashok Chowk, Solapur-413006 MS, India.
authors.forename: Madhuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharon
authors.affiliation: Walchand Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology (wcRnb), Walchand College of Arts and Science, Walchand-Hirachand Marg, Ashok Chowk, Solapur-413006 MS, India.
authors.forename: Maheshwar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharon
mesh_terms: D002164:Camphor / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D002164:Camphor