title: Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Stem Ethanolic Extract Liberates Reactive Oxygen Species and Induces Mitochondria Mediated Apoptosis in KB Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) commonly known as Hadjod (Family: Vitaceae) is usually distributed in India and Sri Lanka and contains several bioactive compounds responsible for various metabolic and physiologic effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the biological effects of CQ ethanolic extract were evaluated by in vitro and supported by in silico analysis on KB oral epidermoid cancer cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-cancer potential of ethanolic extract of CQ stem against KB oral epidermoid cancer cells was evaluated in terms of morphological analysis, nuclei staining, liberation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression which reveal the induction of apoptosis along with supporting in silico analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanolic extract of CQ stem contains various bioactive compounds responsible for cancer cell morphological alterations, liberation of ROS, G1 phase cell cycle arrest and decreased MMP along with up-regulation of p53 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. By employing in silico approach, we have also postulated that the CQ extract active constituents sequester Bcl-2 with higher affinity as compared to p53, which may be the reason for induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in KB cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that the CQ extract has a remarkable apoptotic effect that suggests that it could be a viable treatment option for specific types of cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cissus quadrangularis stem ethanolic extract induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phaseIt liberates (ROS) and mitochondria mediated apoptosisIt upregulates p53 and down-regulates Bcl-2 protein expressionIn silico studies indicates that the active constituents of CQ binds Bcl-2 with higher affinity as compared to p53.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sahabjada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhasmana
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.lastname: Safia
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ejazul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamil
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohtashim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lohani
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Snober Shabnam
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mir
keywords: Anti-cancer; Bcl-2; apoptosis; cell cycle KB cells; reactive oxygen species