title: Detectability of Fast Ripples (>250 Hz) on the Scalp EEG: A Proof-of-Principle Study with Subdermal Electrodes.
abstract: To evaluate the possibility of detecting fast ripples (FRs) on the surface EEG of patients with focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy, and to investigate the relationship between scalp FRs and localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ). We included 10 patients undergoing combined surface-intracranial EEG with ≥10 spikes in the surface EEG during the first 30 consecutive minutes of N3 sleep. FRs (≥4 consecutive oscillations above 250 Hz with an amplitude clearly exceeding that of the background) on the surface EEG (F3-C3, C3-P3, Fz-Cz, Cz-Pz, F4-C4, C4-P4) were visually marked, and verified by two EEG experts. FRs were categorized as related to the SOZ, if localized in the brain lobe of the SOZ. Low-amplitude FRs with a rate of 0.09/min were found in 6/10 patients: two exhibited events related to the SOZ, three showed no relationship with the SOZ, and in one patient the SOZ was not identified. It may be possible to detect FRs with surface EEG using subdermal electrodes in patients with focal epilepsy. The relationship between surface FRs and the SOZ remains unclear. Future studies aiming at a higher spatial EEG coverage are needed to elucidate their significance.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. francescapizzo@gmail.com.|Epilepsy Unit, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. francescapizzo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-1288
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taissa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferrari-Marinho
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dubeau
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gotman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fast ripples; Focal epilepsy; High frequency oscillations; Scalp EEG; Subdermal electrodes