title: Occurrence, structure, and evolution of nitric oxide synthase-like proteins in the plant kingdom.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) signaling regulates various physiological processes in both animals and plants. In animals, NO synthesis is mainly catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes. Although NOS-like activities that are sensitive to mammalian NOS inhibitors have been detected in plant extracts, few bona fide plant NOS enzymes have been identified. We searched the data set produced by the 1000 Plants (1KP) international consortium for the presence of transcripts encoding NOS-like proteins in over 1000 species of land plants and algae. We also searched for genes encoding NOS-like enzymes in 24 publicly available algal genomes. We identified no typical NOS sequences in 1087 sequenced transcriptomes of land plants. In contrast, we identified NOS-like sequences in 15 of the 265 algal species analyzed. Even if the presence of NOS enzymes assembled from multipolypeptides in plants cannot be conclusively discarded, the emerging data suggest that, instead of generating NO with evolutionarily conserved NOS enzymes, land plants have evolved finely regulated nitrate assimilation and reduction processes to synthesize NO through a mechanism different than that in animals.
authors.affiliation: AgroSup Dijon, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France. Equipe de Recherche Labellisée CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeandroz
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche Labellisée CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wipf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stuehr
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamattina
authors.affiliation: Botanical Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Universität zu Köln, Köln D-50674, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melkonian
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China.
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Gane Ka-Shu
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche Labellisée CNRS 6300, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, 21000 Dijon, France. wendehen@dijon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wendehenne
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase