title: 12 Weeks of Combined Endurance and Resistance Training Reduces Innate Markers of Inflammation in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Previously, we reported that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrate improved muscle strength, exercise tolerance, and lean tissue mass following a combined endurance and resistance exercise program. However, the effect of exercise on the underlying disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Since recent evidence supports a crucial role of dendritic cells (DC) in the pathogenesis of MS, we investigated the effect of a 12-week combined exercise program in MS patients on the number and function of DC. We demonstrate an increased number of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) following the exercise program. These pDC display an activated phenotype, as evidenced by increased numbers of circulating CD62L(+) and CD80(+) pDC. Interestingly, the number of CD80(+) pDC positively correlates with the presence of IL-10-producing regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1), an important cell type for maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. In addition, decreased production of the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α and MMP-9, upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation was found at the end of the exercise program. Overall, our findings suggest that the 12-week exercise program reduces the secretion of inflammatory mediators upon TLR stimulation and promotes the immunoregulatory function of circulating pDC, suggestive for a favorable impact of exercise on the underlying immunopathogenesis of MS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9789-3479
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Deckx
authors.affiliation: REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Inez
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Amber H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nuyts
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BIOSTAT), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Niel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Benedicte Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: De Winter
authors.affiliation: Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Environmental Risk and Health Unit, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koppen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Damme
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Zwi N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Berneman
authors.affiliation: REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bert O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Eijnde
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0459-901X
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cools
mesh_terms: D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8