title: Racial differences in vestibular schwannoma.
abstract: To estimate the impact of race on disease presentation and treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) in the United States.
  
  
  
  Analysis of a national population-based tumor registry.
  
  
  
  Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was performed, including all patients identified with a diagnosis of VS. Associations between race, disease presentation, treatment strategy, and overall survival were analyzed in a univariate and multivariable model.
  
  
  
  A total of 9,782 patients with VS were identified among 822 million person-years. Of these, 7,400 (75.6%) claimed white, 807 (8.2%) Hispanic, 755 (7.7%) Asian, 397 (4.1%) black, and 423 (4.3%) patients reported other race. The median annual incidence of disease was lowest among black (0.43 per 100,000 persons) and Hispanic populations (0.45 per 100,000 persons) and highest among white (1.61 per 100,000 persons) populations (P < 0.001). Overall, Hispanic patients were diagnosed at the youngest age, and white patients were diagnosed at the oldest age (mean of 50.0 vs. 56.0 years, respectively; P < 0.001). Compared to white populations, black, Hispanic, and Asian populations were more likely to present with larger tumors (P < 0.001). After controlling for tumor size, age, and treatment center in a multivariable model, Hispanic patients were more likely than white patients to undergo surgery (P = 0.010); however, there were no differences between white, black, and Asian populations with regard to treatment modality. Hispanic and black patients had the poorest overall survival following surgery compared to other groups.
  
  
  
  Racial differences among patients with VS exist within the United States. Further studies are required to determine which factors drive differences in tumor size, age, annual disease incidence, and overall survival between races.
  
  
  
  3. Laryngoscope, 126:2128-2133, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.|Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marston
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Care Policy and Research and the Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Glasgow
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Care Policy and Research and the Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Habermann
authors.affiliation: Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Alex D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.|Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Link
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Wanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D044469:Racial Groups; D018426:SEER Program; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Acoustic neuroma; epidemiology; microsurgery; race; skull base; stereotactic radiosurgery; vestibular schwannoma