title: Predictive factors of long head of the biceps tendon disorders-the bicipital groove morphology and subscapularis tendon tear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disorders of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon contribute to anterior shoulder pain. Although LHB tendon disorders are associated with rotator cuff disease, distinguishing between biceps and rotator cuff pathology is difficult. The objective was to identify the predictors of LHB tendon disorders associated with a supraspinatus tear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 55 patients (average age, 65 years) undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, bicipital groove morphology were assessed using computed tomography, and subscapularis tear and bicipital groove effusion were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging, retrospectively. The LHB tendon was evaluated arthroscopically according to the Lafosse classification. Univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted for injury grade with all covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The arthroscopic evaluation of the LHB tendon showed that there were 23 shoulders classified as grade 0, 15 as grade 1, and 17 as grade 2. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the width and depth, a medial spur of the bicipital groove, and a subscapularis tear were significantly associated with LHB tendon disorders. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis identified a medial spur and subscapularis tear as significant predictors of LHB tendon disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance images, notably the presence of a spur on the bicipital groove or a subscapularis tear, were useful for identifying LHB tendon disorders. When these are found in preoperative images, the clinician should evaluate the patient for the presence of an LHB tendon disorder as a pain generator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urita
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: tfunakoshi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tadanao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toraji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012421:Rupture; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: bicipital groove morphology; long head biceps tendon; multivariate ordinal logistic regression; rotator cuff tear; shoulder pain; subscapularis tendon