title: Concurrent and Predictive Associations Between Infants' and Toddlers' Fearful Temperament, Coparenting, and Parental Anxiety Disorders.
abstract: This study investigated the bidirectional relations between two dimensions of coparenting (the way parental figures cooperate in parenting), undermining and support, and child fearful temperament longitudinally from infancy to toddlerhood, while inspecting the moderating role of parents' anxiety disorders. Questionnaire data on coparenting and child fearful temperament were obtained from 135 mothers, fathers, and their firstborns at 4 months, 12 months, and 30 months. Parental anxiety disorder severity was assessed with a semistructured interview before the birth of the child. Multilevel analysis revealed that, across measurement moments, undermining coparenting, but not supportive coparenting, was concurrently related to higher child fearful temperament. Parental anxiety disorder severity was related to more undermining coparenting but not to supportive coparenting. No moderation effects for parental anxiety disorder or for parent gender were found in the relations between coparenting and child fearful temperament. We conclude that more parental anxiety is related to a lower quality of the coparenting relationship, which in turn is associated to more child fearful temperament. More specifically, it appears that undermining coparenting, and not supportive coparenting, is related to child fearful temperament and parental anxiety disorder severity. Our results suggest that undermining coparenting, by both father and mother, is one of the mechanisms that may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of anxiety from parent to child. The coparenting relationship may be a useful target in the prevention and treatment of child anxiety.
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Child Development and Education , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Child Development and Education , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majdandžić
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Child Development and Education , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bögels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*