title: Comparison of longitudinal changes in clinical periodontal parameters of canines and first molars treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to learn the possible effects of fixed orthodontic therapy on the periodontium of the extraction sites adjacent to canines and first molars. This was a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two systemically healthy subjects were selected. The study was divided into the period of oral hygiene instructions and the period of active orthodontic treatment. Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were recorded for the canines and first molars at baseline, after 1 month of orthodontic therapy, and every 3 months until the completion of the orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant increase in all clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and attachment loss; P <0.05) on the first molars compared with the canines. Significant increases in attachment loss were noted in both the canines (baseline, 0.06 ± 0.01 mm; end of treatment, 0.17 ± 0.02 mm) and the molars (baseline, 0.07 ± 0.01 mm; end of treatment, 0.20 ± 0.02 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attachment loss cannot be explained solely by the effect of plaque or the banding of teeth. Other factors such as tooth extractions adjacent to the canines, tooth movement, and occlusal trauma may have contributing roles in the loss of periodontal support in adolescent patients.
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontology, People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, India. Electronic address: dna7kgmc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Professor and head, Department of Periodontology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Debabrata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garwha, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singhal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000193:education; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D055815:Young Adult