title: The serum concentration of magnesium as a potential state marker in patients with diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few scientific reports indicate changes in the concentration of magnesium in the blood of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). So far very little studies concerning these issues have been conducted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the serum magnesium level in patients with bipolar disorder (in different phases of the disease) in comparison to healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 129 patients (58 subjects in depressive episode, 23 in manic episode and 48 patients in remission) with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I or II. The control group consisted of 50 healthy people. Magnesium concentration was measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a current depressive or manic/hypomanic episode had statistically significantly elevated serum magnesium levels compared to healthy volunteers. Moreover, a positive correlation between the duration of the manic/hypomanic episode and the relapse frequency in the last year was observed. The concentration of magnesium in patients in remission was unchanged in relation to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presented findings suggest a role of serum magnesium level as a potential state marker, reflecting the pathophysiological changes associated with acute episodes of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych, Katedra Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siwek
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych, Katedra Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Styczeń
authors.affiliation: Pracownia Neurobiologii Pierwiastków Śladowych, Instytut Farmakologii PAN w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sowa-Kućma
authors.affiliation: Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych, Katedra Psychiatrii UJ CM.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.affiliation: Katedra Chemii Analitycznej AGH w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reczyński
authors.affiliation: Pracownia Neurobiologii Pierwiastków Śladowych, Instytut Farmakologii PAN w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Bernadeta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szewczyk
authors.affiliation: Pracownia Neurobiologii Pierwiastków Śladowych, Instytut Farmakologii PAN w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misztak
authors.affiliation: Katedra Chemii Nieorganicznej i Analitycznej UJ CM.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Opoka
authors.affiliation: Zakład Epidemiologii i Badań Populacyjnych Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego UJ CM.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Topór-Mądry
authors.affiliation: Pracownia Neurobiologii Pierwiastków Śladowych, Instytut Farmakologii PAN w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: affective disorder; biomarkers; bipolar disorder; depression; magnesium