title: Altered Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, -9 in Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy for Mood Disorders.
abstract: Inflammatory processes could underlie mood disorders. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP) are inflammation-related molecules. The current study sought an association between mood disorders and systemic levels of MMPs and TIMPs.
  
  
  
  Serum was obtained from patients with mood disorders (n=21) and patients with schizophrenia (n=13) scheduled to undergo electroconvulsive therapy. Serum was also obtained from healthy controls (n=40). Clinical symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton Rating Score for Depression and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Serum levels of MMPs and TIMPs were quantified by ELISA.
  
  
  
  The serum levels of MMP-2 in mood disorder patients, but not in schizophrenia patients, prior to the first electroconvulsive therapy session (baseline) was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. At baseline, levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-2, -1 were not different between patients with mood disorder and schizophrenia and healthy controls. After a course of electroconvulsive therapy, MMP-2 levels were significantly increased in mood disorder patients, but MMP-9 levels were significantly decreased in both mood disorder and schizophrenia patients. In mood disorder patients, there was a significant negative correlation between depressive symptoms and serum levels of MMP-2 and a positive correlation between depressive symptoms and MMP-9. In addition, alterations of serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly correlated each other and were associated with certain depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  A change in inflammatory homeostasis, as indicated by MMP-2 and MMP-9, could be related to mood disorders, and these markers appear to be sensitive to electroconvulsive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research (Drs Shibasaki, Takebayashi, Itagaki, Abe, Kajitani, and Okada-Tsuchioka), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Takebayashi and Itagaki), National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Shibasaki, Itagaki, and Yamawaki).
authors.forename: Chiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research (Drs Shibasaki, Takebayashi, Itagaki, Abe, Kajitani, and Okada-Tsuchioka), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Takebayashi and Itagaki), National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Shibasaki, Itagaki, and Yamawaki). mtakebayashi@kure-nh.go.jp yamawaki@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research (Drs Shibasaki, Takebayashi, Itagaki, Abe, Kajitani, and Okada-Tsuchioka), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Takebayashi and Itagaki), National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Shibasaki, Itagaki, and Yamawaki).
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itagaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research (Drs Shibasaki, Takebayashi, Itagaki, Abe, Kajitani, and Okada-Tsuchioka), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Takebayashi and Itagaki), National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Shibasaki, Itagaki, and Yamawaki).
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research (Drs Shibasaki, Takebayashi, Itagaki, Abe, Kajitani, and Okada-Tsuchioka), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Takebayashi and Itagaki), National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Shibasaki, Itagaki, and Yamawaki).
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajitani
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research (Drs Shibasaki, Takebayashi, Itagaki, Abe, Kajitani, and Okada-Tsuchioka), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Takebayashi and Itagaki), National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Shibasaki, Itagaki, and Yamawaki).
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada-Tsuchioka
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research (Drs Shibasaki, Takebayashi, Itagaki, Abe, Kajitani, and Okada-Tsuchioka), and Department of Psychiatry (Drs Takebayashi and Itagaki), National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Shibasaki, Itagaki, and Yamawaki). mtakebayashi@kure-nh.go.jp yamawaki@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: MMP-2; MMP-9; electroconvulsive therapy; mood disorders; schizophrenia