title: Association between employment status change and depression in Korean adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the association between employment status and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) collected from 2008 to 2011 were used. A total of 7368 subjects were included in this study after exclusion of subjects with missing data and those who were self-employed or could not work. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Employment status, age, sex, region, education, marital status, income, head of household, self-rated health, smoking status, drinking habits, and the current year's and the previous year's CES-D scores were included in the model as independent variables. A generalised linear mixed-effects model for longitudinal binary data was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those who were permanently employed, individuals who moved from permanent to precarious employment (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.70) or to unemployment (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.43) and from precarious employment to unemployment (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.06) showed a significantly increased the odds of having depression. Continuing precarious employment (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.83) or unemployment (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.70) also significantly increased the odds of having depression. These results were particularly identified in men and head of household women. The effects were not significant among non-head of household women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Precarious employment and unemployment were clearly associated with having depression. In addition, in view of our findings, policy makers should consider sex and head of household status when developing welfare policies. The inequity between precarious jobs and permanent jobs should be tackled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Sungnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Bong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-8586
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Policy Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeoung A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking; D014478:Unemployment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Asian; depression; job status