title: Aureobasidium melanogenum: a native of dark biofinishes on oil treated wood.
abstract: The genus Aureobasidium, which is known as a wood staining mould, has been detected on oil treated woods in the specific stain formation called biofinish. This biofinish is used to develop a new protective, self-healing and decorative biotreatment for wood. In order to understand and control biofinish formation on oil treated wood, the occurrence of different Aureobasidium species on various wood surfaces was studied. Phenotypic variability within Aureobasidium strains presented limitations of morphological identification of Aureobasidium species. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of ITS and RPB2 were used to identify the culturable Aureobasidium species composition in mould stained wood surfaces with and without a biofinish. The analysed isolates showed that several Aureobasidium species were present and that Aureobasidium melanogenum was predominantly detected, regardless of the presence of a biofinish and the type of substrate. A. melanogenum was detected on wood samples exposed in the Netherlands, Cameroon, South Africa, Australia and Norway. ITS-specific PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of DNA extracted from biofinish samples confirmed results of the culturing based method: A. melanogenum is predominant within the Aureobasidium population of biofinishes on pine sapwood treated with raw linseed oil and the outdoor placement in the Netherlands.
authors.affiliation: CBS KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.nieuwenhuijzen@cbs.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: Elke J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Nieuwenhuijzen
authors.affiliation: CBS KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos A M P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Houbraken
authors.affiliation: CBS KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: Section Transport in Permeable Media, Department of Applied Physics, University of Technology Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Olaf C G
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Adan
authors.affiliation: CBS KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D028223:Pinus / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
keywords: Aureobasidium pullulans; Linseed oil; Mould staining; Pine; Sustainable; Wood protection