title: Effect of spermatozoa motility hyperactivation factors and gamete coincubation duration on in vitro bovine embryo development using flow cytometrically sorted spermatozoa.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sperm motility enhancers and different IVF times on cleavage, polyspermy, blastocyst formation, embryo quality and hatching ability. In Experiment 1, sex-sorted X chromosome-bearing Bos taurus spermatozoa were incubated for 30min before 18h fertilisation with hyperactivating factors, namely 10mM caffeine (CA), 5mM theophylline (TH), 10mM caffeine and 5mM theophylline (CA+TH); and untreated spermatozoa (control). In Experiment 2, matured B. taurus oocytes were fertilised using a short (8h) or standard (18h) fertilisation length, comparing two different fertilisation media, namely synthetic oviducal fluid (SOF) fertilisation medium (SOF-FERT) and M199 fertilisation medium (M199-FERT). Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher in the CA+TH group (77% and 27%, respectively) compared with the control group (71% and 21%, respectively). Cleavage rates and blastocyst formation were significantly lower for the shortest fertilisation time (8h) in M199-FERT medium (42% and 12%, respectively). The SOF-FERT medium with an 8h fertilisation time resulted in the highest cleavage rates and blastocyst formation (74% and 29%, respectively). The SOF-FERT medium produced the highest embryo quality (50% Grade 1) and hatching rate (66%). Motility enhancers did not affect polyspermy rates, whereas polyspermy was affected when fertilisation length was extended from 8h (3%) to 18h (9%) and in M199-FERT (14%) compared with SOF-FERT (6%). We conclude that adding the motility enhancers CA and TH to sex sorted spermatozoa and Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP)-Sperm can improve cleavage and embryo development rates without increasing polyspermy. In addition, shortening the oocyte-sperm coincubation time (8h) resulted in similar overall embryo performance rates compared with the prolonged (18h) interval.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Nacional 34, Km 227, Rafaela (S2300ICB), Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ferré
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bogliotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chitwood
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Av. Armada Argentina 3555, Córdoba (X5016DHK), Argentina.
authors.forename: Cristóbal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fresno
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral/CONICET, R.P. Kreder 2805, Esperanza (S3080HOF), Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hugo H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Conservation, Genetics and Biotech, LLC, P.O. Box 821522, Vicksburg, MS 39182, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kjelland
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Pablo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002469:Cell Separation; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008297:Male; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine