title: Animal Experimental Study to Test Application of Intelligent Pressure Control Device in Monitoring and Control of Renal Pelvic Pressure During Flexible Ureteroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the application of intelligent pressure control devices (medical irrigation and suctioning platform with pressure feedback function, and suctioning ureteral access sheath with pressure-measuring function) in flexible ureteroscopy for monitoring and control of renal pelvic pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine pigs with a total of 18 kidneys were randomly divided into 3 groups according to varied renal perfusion flow rates: group A, 50 mL/min; group B, 100 mL/min; and group C, 150 mL/min. A ureteral catheter connected to an invasive blood pressure monitor was retrogradely placed to the upper renal calyx to measure upper calyceal pressure; the suctioning sheath was connected to a 3-channel tubing and was connected to an invasive blood pressure monitor; and the platform and renal pelvic outlet pressure was measured. Perfusion flow, intraluminal pressure control, and warning values were preset on the platform. A flexible ureteroscope was inserted into the upper, mid, and lower renal calyces, and to the front end of the sheath, respectively, each location was irrigated for 5 minutes, and pressure was measured every second.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical significance was found between monitor renal pelvic outlet pressure and platform renal pelvic outlet pressure for each group, or between platform renal pelvic outlet pressure and upper renal caliceal pressure for each group at different locations when varied irrigation flow rates were used, or among groups for platform renal pelvic outlet pressure at various irrigation flow rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intelligent devices used in the flexible ureteroscopy can reliably and stably monitor and control the renal pelvic pressure within a safety range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Xianxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China. Electronic address: Email-xdh888@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Leming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China. Electronic address: xiedh07@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Zuofeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Shengfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Difu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Tairong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Chuance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Lunfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Zhongsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Guanghua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jiuqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhangqun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D011312:Pressure; D011897:Random Allocation; D013396:Suction; D013552:Swine; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*