title: Electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma characterization by X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray imaging.
abstract: An experimental campaign aiming to investigate electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma X-ray emission has been recently carried out at the ECRISs-Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources laboratory of Atomki based on a collaboration between the Debrecen and Catania ECR teams. In a first series, the X-ray spectroscopy was performed through silicon drift detectors and high purity germanium detectors, characterizing the volumetric plasma emission. The on-purpose developed collimation system was suitable for direct plasma density evaluation, performed "on-line" during beam extraction and charge state distribution characterization. A campaign for correlating the plasma density and temperature with the output charge states and the beam intensity for different pumping wave frequencies, different magnetic field profiles, and single-gas/gas-mixing configurations was carried out. The results reveal a surprisingly very good agreement between warm-electron density fluctuations, output beam currents, and the calculated electromagnetic modal density of the plasma chamber. A charge-coupled device camera coupled to a small pin-hole allowing X-ray imaging was installed and numerous X-ray photos were taken in order to study the peculiarities of the ECRIS plasma structure.
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mascali
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem tér 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biri
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem tér 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Richárd
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rácz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem tér 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pálinkás
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caliri
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Celona
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Paolo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torrisi
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Santo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gammino