title: Carbon Nanotube Yarn-Based Glucose Sensing Artificial Muscle.
abstract: Boronic acid (BA), known to be a reversible glucose-sensing material, is conjugated to a nanogel (NG) derived from hyaluronic acid biopolymer and used as a guest material for a carbon multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) yarn. By exploiting the swelling/deswelling of the NG that originates from the internal anionic charge changes resulting from BA binding to glucose, a NG MWNT yarn artificial muscle is obtained that provides reversible torsional actuation that can be used for glucose sensing. This actuator shows a short response time and high sensitivity (in the 5-100 × 10(-3) m range) for monitoring changes in glucose concentration in physiological buffer, without using any additional auxiliary substances or an electrical power source. It may be possible to apply the glucose-sensing MWNT yarn muscles as implantable glucose sensors that automatically release drugs when needed or as an artificial pancreas.
authors.affiliation: Center for Self-Powered Actuation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Junghan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Self-Powered Actuation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sachan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Center for Self-Powered Actuation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Cheong Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Márcio D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Ray H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.affiliation: Center for Self-Powered Actuation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001187:Artificial Organs; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D000080385:Nanogels; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry; D054159:Torsion, Mechanical
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D000080385:Nanogels; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose
keywords: artificial muscles; carbon nanotube yarns; glucose sensors; nanogels