title: Impact and risk factors of post-stroke bone fracture.
abstract: Bone fracture occurs in stroke patients at different times during the recovery phase, prolonging recovery time and increasing medical costs. In this review, we discuss the potential risk factors for post-stroke bone fracture and preventive methods. Most post-stroke bone fractures occur in the lower extremities, indicating fragile bones are a risk factor. Motor changes, including posture, mobility, and balance post-stroke contribute to bone loss and thus increase risk of bone fracture. Bone mineral density is a useful indicator for bone resorption, useful to identify patients at risk of post-stroke bone fracture. Calcium supplementation was previously regarded as a useful treatment during physical rehabilitation. However, recent data suggests calcium supplementation has a negative impact on atherosclerotic conditions. Vitamin D intake may prevent osteoporosis and fractures in patients with stroke. Although drugs such as teriparatide show some benefits in preventing osteoporosis, additional clinical trials are needed to determine the most effective conditions for post-stroke applications.
authors.affiliation: Kang Huo, Syed I Hashim, Kimberley L Y Yong, Qiu-Min Qu, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Kang Huo, Syed I Hashim, Kimberley L Y Yong, Qiu-Min Qu, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Syed I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Kang Huo, Syed I Hashim, Kimberley L Y Yong, Qiu-Min Qu, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Kimberley L Y
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Kang Huo, Syed I Hashim, Kimberley L Y Yong, Qiu-Min Qu, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Kang Huo, Syed I Hashim, Kimberley L Y Yong, Qiu-Min Qu, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Min
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Qu
keywords: Bone fracture; Bone mineral density; Osteoporosis; Recovery; Stroke