title: A Prospective Study to Evaluate Vaginal Insertion and Intra-Cesarean Insertion of Post-Partum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation and comparison of safety and efficacy of vaginal and intra-cesarean insertion of Post-Partum Intrauterine Contraceptive device (PPIUCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  An interventional prospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at NRS Medical College, Kolkata. PPIUCD were inserted in 263 mothers in 1-year study period. Among them, first 100 mothers who delivered vaginally and the first 100 who underwent cesarean section were regarded as study groups and were followed up for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both modes of PPIUCD insertion were found to have very low rates of expulsion, vaginal bleeding, infection, missing strings, and also effective as contraceptive. Expulsion rate was 4 % in the vaginal group and 2 % in intra-cesarean group. Strings of PPIUCD were less visible after cesarean insertion than vaginal insertion (p = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPIUCD is an appealing approach and may become the best choice as post-partum contraception after vaginal as well as cesarean delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014 West Bengal India.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halder
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014 West Bengal India.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sowmya
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014 West Bengal India.
authors.forename: Abhimannyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gayen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014 West Bengal India.
authors.forename: Popli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014 West Bengal India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014 West Bengal India.
authors.forename: Siddhartha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
keywords: Immediate post-partum; Intra-cesarean insertion; PPIUCD; Vaginal insertion- post-placental