title: Flexible Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Films for a Hybrid Piezoelectric-Pyroelectric Nanogenerator under Harsh Environments.
abstract: In spite of extremely high piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients, there are few reports on flexible ferroelectric perovskite film based nanogenerators (NGs). Here, we report the successful growth of a flexible Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) film and its application to hybrid piezoelectric-pyroelectric NG. A highly flexible Ni-Cr metal foil substrate with a conductive LaNiO3 bottom electrode enables the growth of flexible PZT film having high piezoelectric (140 pC/N) and pyroelectric (50 nC/cm(2)K) coefficients at room temperature. The flexible PZT-based NG effectively scavenges mechanical vibration and thermal fluctuation from sources ranging from the human body to the surroundings such as wind. Furthermore, it stably generates electric current even at elevated temperatures of 100 °C, relative humidity of 70%, and pH of 13 by virtue of its high Curie temperature and strong resistance for water and base. As proof of power generation under harsh environments, we demonstrate the generation of extremely high current at the exhaust pipe of a car, where hot CO and CO2 gases are rapidly expelled to air. This work expands the application of flexible PZT film-based NG for the scavenging mechanical vibration and thermal fluctuation energies even at extreme conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Yeong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan , Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan , Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan , Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ill Won
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
authors.forename: Angus I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kingon
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Hallym University , Gangwondo 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
keywords: flexible Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 film; harsh environments; hybrid nanogenerator; mechanical vibration; thermal fluctuation