title: A simple and sensitive flow injection method based on the catalytic activity of CdS quantum dots in an acidic permanganate chemiluminescence system for determination of formaldehyde in water and wastewater.
abstract: A simple and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) method in which CdS quantum dots (QDs) enhanced the CL intensity of a KMnO4-formaldehyde (HCHO) reaction was offered for the determination of HCHO. This CL system was based on the catalytic activity of CdS QDs and their participation in the CL resonance energy transfer (CRET) phenomenon. A possible mechanism for the supplied CL system was proposed using the kinetic curves of the CL systems and the spectra of CL, photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis). The emanated CL intensity of the KMnO4-CdS QDs system was amplified in the presence of a trace level of HCHO. Based on this enhancement effect, a simple and sensitive flow injection CL method was suggested for the determination of HCHO concentration in environmental water and wastewater samples. Under selected optimized experimental conditions, the increased CL intensity was proportional to the HCHO concentration in the range of 0.03-4.5 μg L(-1) and 4.5-10.0 μg L(-1). The detection limits (3σ) were 0.0003 μg L(-1) and 1.2 μg L(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for eleven replicate determinations of 4.0 μg L(-1) HCHO were 2.2%. Furthermore, the feasibility of the developed method was investigated via the determination of HCHO concentration in environmental water and wastewater samples.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran. a_khataee@tabrizu.ac.ir ar_khataee@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khataee
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotfi
authors.forename: Aliyeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasanzadeh
authors.forename: Mortaza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iranifam
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D049449:Luminescence; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D005557:Formaldehyde; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D013440:Sulfides; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; C034939:cadmium sulfide; C048856:permanganic acid