title: Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint in a 5-year-old girl treated with combined open and arthroscopic surgery: a case report.
abstract: Pigmented villonodular synovitis is an extremely rare disease in skeletally immature patients. Erosive destruction of the involved joint leads to early arthritis, and its high recurrence rate makes treatment challenging. Multiple surgical approaches exist, but it is unclear as to which among them achieves the lowest possible recurrence rate and morbidity. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with left knee pain and swelling who was diagnosed with diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the left knee based on MRI findings. Combined open and arthroscopic surgery was performed to completely remove the tumor. Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis. The postoperative course was uneventful, with a gradual improvement in symptoms. There were no signs of recurrence on postoperative MRI performed at the 8-month follow-up, with neither knee pain nor limitation of range of motion. The favorable outcome in this case suggests that combined open and arthroscopic surgery may be an effective method for treating pigmented villonodular synovitis in skeletally immature patients.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Orthopedics bDepartment of Radiologic and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School cDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima Municipal Hospital, Tokushima dDepartment of Orthopedics, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Kochi eDepartment of Orthopedics, Mitoyo General Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Subash Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishisho
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzue
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toki
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagamachi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sairyo
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010146:Pain; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D013586:Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome