title: Influence of hypothermia and subsequent rewarming upon leukocyte-endothelial interactions and expression of Junctional-Adhesion-Molecules A and B.
abstract: Patients with risks of ischemic injury, e.g. during circulatory arrest in cardiac surgery, or after resuscitation are subjected to therapeutic hypothermia. For aortic surgery, the body is traditionally cooled down to 18 °C and then rewarmed to body temperature. The role of hypothermia and the subsequent rewarming process on leukocyte-endothelial interactions and expression of junctional-adhesion-molecules is not clarified yet. Thus, we investigated in an in-vitro model the influence of temperature modulation during activation and transendothelial migration of leukocytes through human endothelial cells. Additionally, we investigated the expression of JAMs in the rewarming phase. Exposure to low temperatures alone during transmigration scarcely affects leukocyte extravasation, whereas hypothermia during treatment and transendothelial migration improves leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Rewarming causes a significant up-regulation of transmigration with falling temperatures. JAM-A is significantly modulated during rewarming. Our data suggest that transendothelial migration of leukocytes is not only modulated by cell-activation itself. Activation temperatures and the rewarming process are essential. Continued hypothermia significantly inhibits transendothelial migration, whereas the rewarming process enhances transmigration strongly. The expression of JAMs, especially JAM-A, is strongly modulated during the rewarming process. Endothelial protection prior to warm reperfusion and mild hypothermic conditions reducing the difference between hypothermia and rewarming temperatures should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicolai V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Bogert
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kornberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meybohm
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beiras-Fernandez
mesh_terms: D002450:Cell Communication; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D062745:Junctional Adhesion Molecule A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D062765:Junctional Adhesion Molecule B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D017694:Rewarming; D057705:Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D062745:Junctional Adhesion Molecule A; D062765:Junctional Adhesion Molecule B; D016753:Interleukin-10