title: Analysis of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) treated with Cu and Zn and after 4-, 8-, and 12-day depuration (post-treatment recovery).
abstract: The induction of micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB), bi-nucleated erythrocytes with nucleoplasmic bridge (BNb), vacuolated (VacNuc), blebbed (BL), 8-shaped nuclei, bi-nucleated (BN) and fragmented-apoptotic (FA) erythrocytes was analysed in the peripheral blood, cephalic kidney and liver of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss after 4-day treatment with copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) mixture solutions and in 4-, 8- and 12-day depuration process. Fish (three treatment and one control group, N=40) were exposed to 0.0625, 0.125 and 0.25 fractions of 96-h LC50, respectively under semi-static conditions. Exposure of O. mykiss to Cu and Zn induced significant increase of MN (in blood in all test groups; in liver 0.125, 0.25 and in kidney 0.25 groups, respectively), NB and BL (in blood and kidney 0.25 group), 8-shaped (in blood 0.25; in liver 0.125, 0.25 and in kidney all test groups, respectively) and VacNuc (in liver and kidney 0.0625 and 0.125 groups). After 4-day recovery, significantly elevated levels of MN (in blood 0.0625, 0.125; in liver and kidney 0.125 group, respectively) and 8-shaped (in kidney-0.0625 group) were observed in fish. Significant recovery was observed in 0.0625 group after 12-day depuration, estimating the formation of MN in erythrocytes of blood, of 8-shaped nuclei erythrocytes in liver and kidney (after 8-, 12-day and 8-day recovery, respectively). Significant decrease of MN in blood (after 8- and 12-day recovery), in liver (after 8-day recovery), of NB in blood and kidney (after 8-day recovery) and of 8-shaped nuclei erythrocytes in blood (after 8 and 12-day recovery), kidney and liver (after 8-day recovery) was determined in 0.25 group. Changes in gross morphometric indices and biological parameters were observed. The binary metal mixture did not induce FA erythrocytes in any tissue at any test concentration.
authors.affiliation: Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: milda.stan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Milda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stankevičiūtė
authors.affiliation: Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Butrimavičienė
authors.affiliation: Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valskienė
authors.affiliation: Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greiciūnaitė
authors.affiliation: Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baršienė
authors.affiliation: Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Milda Zita
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Vosylienė
authors.affiliation: Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Gintaras
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Svecevičius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000097:blood*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Copper–zinc mixture; Genotoxicity; Micronuclei; Nuclear abnormalities; Rainbow trout