title: Optimizing charge breeding techniques for ISOL facilities in Europe: Conclusions from the EMILIE project.
abstract: The present paper summarizes the results obtained from the past few years in the framework of the Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short-Lived Isotopes for Eurisol (EMILIE) project. The EMILIE project aims at improving the charge breeding techniques with both Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) and Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) for European Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facilities. Within EMILIE, an original technique for debunching the beam from EBIS charge breeders is being developed, for making an optimal use of the capabilities of CW post-accelerators of the future facilities. Such a debunching technique should eventually resolve duty cycle and time structure issues which presently complicate the data-acquisition of experiments. The results of the first tests of this technique are reported here. In comparison with charge breeding with an EBIS, the ECRIS technique had lower performance in efficiency and attainable charge state for metallic ion beams and also suffered from issues related to beam contamination. In recent years, improvements have been made which significantly reduce the differences between the two techniques, making ECRIS charge breeding more attractive especially for CW machines producing intense beams. Upgraded versions of the Phoenix charge breeder, originally developed by LPSC, will be used at SPES and GANIL/SPIRAL. These two charge breeders have benefited from studies undertaken within EMILIE, which are also briefly summarized here.
authors.affiliation: GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Blvd. Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France.
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authors.affiliation: LPC Caen, 6 Blvd. Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
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authors.affiliation: LPC Caen, 6 Blvd. Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
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authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via S. Sofia 62, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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authors.affiliation: Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5a, 02 093 Warsaw, Poland.
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authors.affiliation: Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5a, 02 093 Warsaw, Poland.
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authors.affiliation: GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Blvd. Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35 (YFL), 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35 (YFL), 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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authors.affiliation: LPSC-Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France.
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authors.affiliation: GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Blvd. Becquerel, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France.
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authors.affiliation: LPSC-Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35 (YFL), 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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