title: Inactivation of nucleus incertus impairs passive avoidance learning and long term potentiation of the population spike in the perforant path-dentate gyrus evoked field potentials in rats.
abstract: Involvement of brainstem nucleus incertus (NI) in hippocampal theta rhythm suggests that this structure might play a role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. In the present study we aimed to address if NI is involved in an avoidance learning task as well as dentate gyrus (DG) short-term and long-term potentiation. Lidocaine was injected into the NI to transiently inactivate the nucleus, and control rats received saline. Role of NI was studied in passive avoidance learning (PAL) in 3 memory phases of acquisition, consolidation and retrieval. Levels of hippocampal phosphorylated p70 were also assessed in rats involved in PAL. Perforant path-DG short-term synaptic plasticity was studied upon NI inactivation before the paired-pulse stimulation, and also before or after tetanic stimulation in freely moving rats. It was found that NI inactivation delayed learning and impaired retention in the PAL task, with decreased levels of phosphorylated p70 in the respective groups. However, short-term plasticity was not affected by NI inactivation. But long term potentiation (LTP) of DG population spike was poorly induced with NI inactivation compared to the saline group, and it had no effect on population excitatory post-synaptic potential. Furthermore, when NI was inactivated after the induction of LTP, there was no difference between the saline and lidocaine groups. These observations suggest that NI has a role in PAL task, and its inactivation does not change the perforant path-DG granule cell synaptic input but decreases the excitability of the DG granule cells. Further studies should elucidate direct and indirect paths through which NI might influence hippocampal activity.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nategh
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikseresht
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khodagholi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: motamedi@ams.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Motamedi
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D019580:Perforant Pathway / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Dentate gyrus; Long-term potentiation; Nucleus incertus; Passive avoidance learning; Reversible inactivation