title: Effect of sealant agents on the color stability and surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of sealant agents on the surface roughness and color stability of nanohybrid composite resins is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of sealant agents on the surface roughness and color stability of 4 nanohybrid composite resin materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty disks (10×2 mm) were fabricated for each nanohybrid composite resin material (Z-550, Tetric EvoCeram, Clearfill Majesty, Ice) (N=160) and divided into 4 surface treatment groups: 1 conventional polishing (control) and 3 different sealant agent (Palaseal, Optiglaze, BisCover) coupling groups (n=10). The specimens were thermocycled, and surface roughness (Ra) values were obtained with a profilometer. Scanning electron microscope images were also recorded. CIELab color parameters of each specimen were measured with a spectrophotometer before and after 7 days of storage in a coffee solution. Color differences were calculated by the CIEDE 2000 (ΔE00) formula. The data were statistically analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and by the Tukey HSD test (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surface treatment technique significantly affected the Ra values of the composite resins tested (P<.001). The interaction between the surface treatment technique and composite resin material was also significant for ΔE00 values (P<.05). Within the composite resin groups, significant decreases in Ra were observed only for the Palaseal agent coupled composite resin groups (except Ice) compared with the control groups (P<.05). Scanning electron microscope images revealed rougher surfaces with conventionally polished groups compared with test groups. Conventionally polished groups had the highest ΔE00 (3.09 to 3.49) values for each composite resin group, except for BisCover applied Clearfill Majesty (P<.05). Within the composite resin groups, significant differences were observed between the color change seen with BisCover and other sealants for Clearfill Majesty composite resin (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using Palaseal agent on all tested composite resins except for Ice produced smoother surfaces. All surface sealant agents provided less discoloration of nanohybrid composite resins after coffee staining compared with conventional polishing except for BisCover applied Clearfill Majesty composite resin.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Doğu Ömür
authors.initials: DÖ
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Şahin
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koroglu
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Division of Restorative Sciences and Prosthodontics, The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio. Electronic address: yilmaz.16@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants