title: Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in a multiethnic Asian population in Singapore: A community-based study.
abstract: Limited data exist on the prevalence variation in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) across different Asian ethnicities. This population study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SDB in Singapore, a multiethnic nation, and to quantify the prevalence variation among Chinese, Malays and Indians.
  
  
  
  The Singapore Health Study 2012 was a cross-sectional population study conducted on adults aged 21-79 years. Among 2329 participants who completed baseline examination, a sample of 242 subjects completed home-based sleep testing with an Embletta device (type 3 monitor). Moderate-to-severe SDB, defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of ≥15 events/h, was used to estimate prevalence.
  
  
  
  The weighted estimates of the population prevalence of moderate-to-severe SDB and sleep apnoea syndrome were 30.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Of subjects with AHI ≥15, 91.0% were previously undiagnosed. Moderate-to-severe SDB prevalence varied across the Chinese (32.1%), Malays (33.8%) and Indians (16.5%). The mean body mass index (BMI) was lowest in Chinese (23.3 kg/m(2) ) and highest among Malays (26.0 kg/m(2) ) and Indians (25.4 kg/m(2) ). Compared with Chinese, Indians had lower odds of moderate-to-severe SDB after adjustment for age, sex and BMI (odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.96, P = 0.02).
  
  
  
  Sleep-disordered breathing is prevalent but mostly undiagnosed among Asians in Singapore. There was a lower prevalence of SDB among Indians compared with Chinese that remained after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Strategies are needed to optimize diagnosis and recognize ethnic differences in SDB prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Jurong Health Services, Singapore, 609606.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore.|Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yan Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wei-Yen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Linda W L
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore.|Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chi-Hang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: Asian; Chinese; ethnicity; prevalence; sleep-disordered breathing