title: Adjusting to bodily change following stoma formation: a phenomenological study.
abstract: Scant research has been undertaken to explore in-depth the meaning of bodily change for individuals following stoma formation. The aim of this study was to understand the experience of living with a new stoma, with a focus on bodily change.
  
  
  
  The study adopted a longitudinal phenomenological approach. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 12 participants who had undergone faecal stoma-forming surgery. In-depth, unstructured interviews were conducted at 3, 9 and 15 months following surgery. A five-stage framework facilitated iterative data analysis.
  
  
  
  Stoma formation altered the taken-for-granted relationship individuals had with their bodies in terms of appearance, function and sensation, undermining the unity between body and self. Increasing familiarity with and perceived control over their stoma over time diminished awareness of their changed body, facilitating adaptation and self-acceptance.
  
  
  
  Stoma formation can undermine an individual's sense of embodied self. A concept of embodiment is proposed to enable the experience of living with a new stoma to be understood as part of a wider process of re-establishing a unity between body, self and world. In defining a framework of care, individuals with a new stoma can be assisted to adapt to and accept a changed sense of embodied self. Implications for Rehabilitation Awareness and understanding of the diverse ways in which stoma formation disrupts the unconscious relationship between body and self can help clinicians to provide responsive, person-centred care. Supporting strategies that facilitate bodily mastery following stoma formation will facilitate rehabilitation and promote adjustment and self-acceptance. A concept of embodiment can help clinicians to deepen their understanding of the experiences of people living with a new stoma and the support they may require during the rehabilitation process. This paper provides clinicians with actionable insight that allows them to better support patients to a smoother adjustment process after stoma formation.
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich , UK.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich , UK.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich , UK.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McArthur
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D003125:Colostomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care; D012944:Social Support; D054047:Surgical Stomas
keywords: Body image; UK; colorectal surgery; embodiment; ostomy; self-acceptance