title: How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: a qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe how different adolescents experience and manage pain in their daily life, with a focus on their use of over-the-counter analgesics. More specifically, the aim was to explore different patterns among the adolescents in pain descriptions, in the management of pain, in relationships with others, and in their daily life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative semistructured interviews on experiences with pain, pain management and involvement of family and friends during pain. Pain and stress management strategies and attachment theory will be in focus for interpretations.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 participants aged 15-16-years from six different junior high schools, both genders, with and without immigrant background were interviewed at their local schools in Norway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 4 groups of adolescents with similarities in attitudes and management strategies to pain: 'pain is manageable', 'pain is communicable', 'pain is inevitable' and 'pain is all over'. The participants within each group differed in how they engaged their parents in pain; how they perceived, communicated and managed pain; and how they involved emotions and used over-the-counter analgesics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adolescents' different involvement with the family during pain related to their pain perception and management. Knowledge of the different ways of approaching pain is important when supporting adolescents and may be a subject for further research on the use of over-the-counter analgesics in the family.
authors.affiliation: The Medical Faculty, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagerløv
authors.affiliation: The Medical Faculty, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elin Olaug
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Rosvold
authors.affiliation: Regional Medicines Information and Pharmacovigilance Centre, The University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holager
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Oslo, Norway Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sølvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helseth
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012648:Self Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs
keywords: Adolescents; Attachment theory; Coping strategies; Over-the-counter analgesics; Qualitative study; Stress management