title: [Mechanisms of non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness: Methacholine-induced alterations in airway architecture].
abstract: Multiple mechanisms drive non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. At the organ level, methacholine inhalation induces a complex bronchomotor response involving both bronchoconstriction and, to some extent, paradoxical bronchodilatation. This response is heterogeneous both serially, along a single bronchial axis, and in parallel, among lung regions. The bronchomotor response to methacholine induces contraction of distal airways as well as focal airway closure in select lung territories, leading to anatomically defined ventilation defects and decreased vital capacity. In addition, loss of the bronchoprotector and bronchodilator effects of deep inspirations is a key contributor to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma.
authors.affiliation: Service de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, DHU fibrosis, inflammation, remodeling in cardiovascular, respiratory and renal diseases (FIRE), AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1152, physiopathologie et épidémiologie des maladies respiratoires, 75018 Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1100, service de pneumologie, centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires, université François-Rabelais, hôpital Bretonneau, 37000 Tours, France. Electronic address: laurent.plantier@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plantier
authors.affiliation: Service d'explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pradel
authors.affiliation: Service de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Centre d'investigation clinique 9201, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, Inserm, 75908 Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1141, service de physiologie pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delclaux
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride
keywords: Asthma; Asthme; Bronches; Bronchi; Hyperreactivity; Hyperréactivité; Methacholine; Méthacholine