title: ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95%CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95%CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95%CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuschnir
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Katia Vergetti
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Moyses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szklo
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Laura Augusta
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Barufaldi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gabriela de Azevedo
authors.initials: Gde A
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaan
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gloria Valeria
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: da Veiga
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thiago Luiz Nogueira
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas, Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maurício T L
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Vasconcellos
authors.forename: Ana Júlia Pantoja
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Ana Luíza
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Ana Mayra Andrade
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Bruno Mendes
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Cecília Lacroix
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Cristiane de Freitas
authors.initials: Cde F
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Denise Tavares
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Dilson Rodrigues
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Belfort
authors.forename: Eduardo Lima
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Elisa Brosina
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: de Leon
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Elizabete Regina Araújo
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Erika da Silva
authors.initials: Eda S
authors.lastname: Magliano
authors.forename: Francisco de Assis Guedes
authors.initials: Fde A
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: George Dantas
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Gisela Soares
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Brunken
authors.forename: Isabel Cristina Britto
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: José Rocha
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Faria Neto
authors.forename: Juliana Souza
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Kenia Mara B
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Maria Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Marize M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Pascoal Torres
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: Paulo César B Veiga
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.forename: Pedro Antônio Muniz
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Renan Magalhães
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Ricardo Queiroz
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Gurgel
authors.forename: Rodrigo Pinheiro
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Sandra Mary
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Stella Maris Seixas
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Tamara Beres Lederer
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides