title: Novel universal influenza virus vaccine approaches.
abstract: Seasonal influenza virus vaccines have to be re-formulated and re-administered on an annual basis due to antigenic drift of the influenza virus surface glycoproteins. In addition, seasonal vaccines show limited efficacy against novel pandemic influenza virus strains, and producing tailored vaccines for these strains in a timely manner is challenging. Several novel broadly protective vaccine candidates targeting the conserved stalk domain of the viral hemagglutinin have been developed. Here we review these novel constructs and discuss several important findings and considerations regarding the protective efficacy of stalk-based vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: florian.krammer@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krammer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines