title: Bioactivity of Nonedible Parts of Punica granatum L.: A Potential Source of Functional Ingredients.
abstract: Punica granatum L. has a long standing culinary and medicinal traditional use in Mauritius. This prompted a comparative study to determine the bioefficacy of the flower, peel, leaf, stem, and seed extracts of the Mauritian P. granatum. The flower and peel extracts resulting from organic solvent extraction exhibited strong antioxidant activities which correlated with the high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins. The peel extract had the most potent scavenging capacity reflected by high Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity value (5206.01 ± 578.48 μmol/g air dry weight), very low IC50 values for hypochlorous acid (0.004 ± 0.001 mg air dry weight/mL), and hydroxyl radicals scavenging (0.111 ± 0.001 mg air dry weight/mL). Peel extracts also significantly inhibited S. mutans (P < 0.001), S. mitis (P < 0.001), and L. acidophilus (P < 0.05) growth compared to ciprofloxacin. The flower extract exhibited high ferric reducing, nitric oxide scavenging, and iron (II) ions chelation and significantly inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, it showed a dose-dependent inhibition of xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of 0.058 ± 0.011 mg air dry weight/mL. This study showed that nonedible parts of cultivated pomegranates, that are generally discarded, are bioactive in multiassay systems thereby suggesting their potential use as natural prophylactics and in food applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Nawraj
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2077-5247
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rummun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Jhoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Somanah
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Srishti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramsaha
authors.affiliation: ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Theeshan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bahorun
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Vidushi S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Neergheen-Bhujun