title: Factors Associated with Injuries among Commercial Motorcyclists: Evidence from a Matched Case Control Study in Kampala City, Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of death globally and the most affected are young people aged 15-29. By 2030 road traffic deaths will become the fifth leading cause of death unless urgent action is taken. Motorcyclists are among the most vulnerable road users and in Uganda they contribute 41% of all road traffic injuries. This paper establishes factors associated with the injuries of commercial motorcycle riders also known as boda-boda riders in Kampala, Uganda's capital city.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was matched case-control with a case being a boda-boda rider that was seen at one of the 5 major city hospitals with a road traffic injury while a control was a boda-boda rider that was at the parking stage where the case operated from before the injury. The sample size was 289 riders per arm and data collection took 7 months. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on background and exposing factors. Being matched case-control data conditional logistic regression was used in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors independently associated with injury among motorcyclists were younger age group, being a current alcohol drinker (OR = 2.30, 95%CI: 1.19-4.45), lower engine capacity (<100 cc) (OR = 5.03, 95%CI: 2.91-8.70), riding experience of less than 3 years, not changing a motorcycle in past 1 year (OR = 2.04, 95%CI: 1.19-3.52), riding for a longer time in a day (OR = 6.05, 95%CI: 2.58-14.18) and sharing a motorcycle (OR = 8.25, 95%CI:2.62-25.9). Other factors associated with injury were low level of knowledge of traffic rules, being stopped by police for checks on condition of motorcycle/license/insurance, working till late.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More road safety sensitization is required among riders to raise awareness against sharing motorcycles, working for a longer time and alcohol consumption. Police enforcement of drink-driving laws should include riders of commercial motorcycles. Investigate the validity of motorcycle riding licenses and test the riding competency of all who got licenses in last 3 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Nazarius M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tumwesigye
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Atuyambe
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Olive K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kobusingye
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult