title: Classification and management of asbestos-containing waste: European legislation and the Italian experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Production of a new classification of Asbestos Containing Products (ACPs), materials (ACM) and Asbestos Containing Waste (ACW), in addition to a correct identification of landfills where ACW should be disposed of in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the European and Italian legislation, study of waste classification and management in the main European countries, data analysis of mapping of Italian landfills and quantification of ACW disposed there.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classification according to unique criteria (physical state, substances with which asbestos minerals have been blended, function of the asbestos, etc.). Highlights of cases of incorrect management of ACW in Europe, specifying the Italian ones. Considering the significant inconsistencies between the European and national regulations and the actual implementation of those regulations, this paper provide some precise indications for the proper assignment to ACW of the European Waste Catalogue (EWC) codes. Lastly, suitable types of landfills at which ACW should be disposed of have been identified, in order to assisting the persons involved in ACW management to avoid undue exposition and their improper disposal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports a useful manual for classifying worldwide ACPs based on their physical state and considering the substances with which the asbestos minerals have been blended. Moreover several clear tables allow the asbestos remediation and waste management operators to suitably classify and dispose of ACW.
authors.affiliation: INAIL - Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Division, DIT - Department for Technological Innovations and Security Equipment, Products and Human Settlements, Asbestos and Decommissioned Mines Team, Italy. Electronic address: f.paglietti@inail.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paglietti
authors.affiliation: INAIL - Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Division, DIT - Department for Technological Innovations and Security Equipment, Products and Human Settlements, Asbestos and Decommissioned Mines Team, Italy. Electronic address: s.malinconico@inail.it.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malinconico
authors.affiliation: INAIL - Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Division, DIT - Department for Technological Innovations and Security Equipment, Products and Human Settlements, Asbestos and Decommissioned Mines Team, Italy. Electronic address: b.conestabiledellastaffa@inail.it.
authors.forename: Beatrice Conestabile
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: della Staffa
authors.affiliation: INAIL - Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Division, DIT - Department for Technological Innovations and Security Equipment, Products and Human Settlements, Asbestos and Decommissioned Mines Team, Italy. Electronic address: s.bellagamba@inail.it.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellagamba
authors.affiliation: INAIL - Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Division, DIT - Department for Technological Innovations and Security Equipment, Products and Human Settlements, Asbestos and Decommissioned Mines Team, Italy. Electronic address: p.desimone@inail.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Simone
mesh_terms: D001194:Asbestos / Q000032:analysis*; D005060:Europe; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007558:Italy; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000145:classification; D018505:Waste Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D062611:Solid Waste; D001194:Asbestos
keywords: Asbestos; European Waste Catalogue; Landfills; Waste