title: Identification and Comparison of Receptor Binding Characteristics of the Spike Protein of Two Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strains.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of Alphacoronavirus, has caused huge economic losses for the global pork industry recently. The spike (S) protein mediates PEDV entry into host cells. Herein, we investigated the interactions between the S protein and its receptor porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) or co-receptor sugars. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the S1 domain is bound to pAPN. The prototype strain demonstrated similar receptor-binding activity compared with the variant field isolate. Three loops at the tips of the β-barrel domains did not play crucial roles in the PEDV S-pAPN association, indicating that PEDV conforms to a different receptor recognition model compared with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine respiratory CoV (PRCV), and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the PEDV S1 domain could bind sugar, a possible co-receptor for PEDV. The prototype strain exhibited weaker sugar-binding activity compared with the variant field isolate. Strategies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) may be helpful for developing vaccines or antiviral drugs for PEDV. Understanding the differences in receptor binding between the prototype and the variant strains may provide insight into PEDV pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. dengfeng207@163.com.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. dengfeng207@163.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. ehuangliu@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. ehuangliu@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. liuqq563705@163.com.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. liuqq563705@163.com.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. dr_tariqnaveed@hotmail.com.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. dr_tariqnaveed@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Tariq
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Navid
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Shirleyandyueyue@163.com.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Shirleyandyueyue@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. lyw_lk@163.com.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. lyw_lk@163.com.
authors.forename: Youwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. supwzfu@163.com.
authors.forename: Chunyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. vet@mail.hzau.edu.cn.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. vet@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. heqigai@yahoo.com.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. heqigai@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Qigai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. zhenfu@uga.edu.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. zhenfu@uga.edu.|Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. zhenfu@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Zhen F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. penggq@mail.hzau.edu.cn.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. penggq@mail.hzau.edu.cn.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. penggq@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guiqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011991:Receptors, Virus; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D018826:CD13 Antigens
keywords: CHGD-01 strain; CV777 strain; PEDV; RBD; S protein; pAPN; sugar