title: The association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and diet quality indices in Iranian adults: results from Isfahan Healthy Heart Program.
abstract: To assess the association between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and dietary quality indices in Iranian adults. This cross section was conducted among 1571 Iranian adults aged  ≥19 years. GI, GL and diet quality indices were estimated by 24-h recall and DDS was calculated using a validated 48-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants who were in the top tertile of GI had lower healthy eating index (HEI) (57.2 ± 7.8 versus 55.6 ± 8.7; p < 0.001), dietary diversity score (DDS) (3.6 ± 0.9 versus 3.3 ± 1.1; p < 0.001) and nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) for Zn, Ca, vitamin C and B2. Individuals in the lowest tertile of GL had lower HEI, MAR and NARs for Zn, vitamin B2, B3, B6, B12, vitamin D. Both GI and GL were positively related to dietary diversity score (DED) (p < 0.001). The inverse associations for GI and GL with diet quality indices may suggest the relevance of carbohydrate source in determining the diet quality indices.
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran ;|c Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran ;
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadbakht
authors.affiliation: d Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran ;
authors.forename: Noushin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammadifard
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran ;
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhavanzanjani
authors.affiliation: e Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.affiliation: e Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golshahi
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran ;|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran ;
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haghighatdoost
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: Dietary diversity score; diet quality; energy density; glycemic index; glycemic load; healthy eating index