title: Gender Role Violations and the Sexual Double Standard.
abstract: The sexual double standard (SDS) suggests that women are evaluated negatively and men positively for engaging in similar sexual behaviors. According to social role theory, the SDS exists due to gender role structures. Consequently, perceived violations of women's sexual behavior are associated with the SDS. In addition to gender role violations of sexual behavior, two additional violations of gender roles exist: heterosexual sexual orientation norms and gender role characteristics. The current study aims to investigate whether the SDS persists for sexual orientation-violating and gender role characteristic-violating targets, and to examine which of the three gender role violations influence evaluations of others' sexual behavior. A U.S. sample of 483 participants evaluated target individuals who were either female or male, heterosexual/gay man or lesbian, feminine or masculine, and had 1 or 12 sexual partners. Results indicate that SDS persists for gender role-violating targets but is exhibited differently for targets violating heterosexual sexual orientation norms and gender role characteristics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , New Mexico , USA.
authors.forename: Yuliana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zaikman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , New Mexico , USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , New Mexico , USA.
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , New Mexico , USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zeiber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gender role characteristics; gender role violations; homosexuality; sexual double standard; social role theory