title: Videolaryngoscope for Teaching Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the videolaryngoscope (VL) is superior to the classic laryngoscope (CL) in acquiring skill in neonatal endotracheal intubation (ETI) and, once acquired with the VL, whether the skill is transferable to the CL.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized controlled trial, in a level 3 Canadian hospital, recruited junior pediatric residents who performed ETI in the NICU. The primary outcome was success rate of ETI. Secondary outcomes were time to successful intubation, number of bradycardia episodes andlowest oxygen saturation during procedure, occurrence of mucosal trauma, reason for ETI failure, and recognition of problems related to ETI bysupervisor andresident.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In phase 1, 34 pediatric residents performed 213 ETIs by using either VL or CL. Intervention groups were comparable at baseline. The success rate was higher (75.2% vs 63.4%, P = .03), and time to successful intubation was longer, inVL group (57 vs 47 seconds, P = .008). In phase 2, 23 residents performed 55 ETIs using CL. The success rate of residents inVL group performing ETI by using the CL was 63% (compared with 75% in phase 1, P = .16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When learning ETI, the success rate is improved with the VL. Time to successful intubation is longer, but the difference is not clinically significant. When switched to the CL, residents' success rate slightly decreased, but not significantly. This suggests that residents retain a certain level of ETI skill when switched to the CL. The VL is a promising tool for teaching neonatal ETI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and ahmed.moussa@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Yvon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luangxay
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Guylaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aube
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savoie
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lachance
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D012189:Retrospective Studies