title: The role of danger signals and ectonucleotidases in acute graft-versus-host disease.
abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) represents the only curative treatment approach for many patients with benign or malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. However, post-transplant morbidity and mortality are significantly increased by the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). While alloreactive T cells act as the main cellular mediator of the GvH reaction, recent evidence suggests a critical role of the innate immune system in the early stages of GvHD initiation. Danger-associated molecular patterns released from the intracellular space as well as from the extracellular matrix activate antigen-presenting cells and set pro-inflammatory pathways in motion. This review gives an overview about danger signals representing therapeutic targets with a clinical perspective with a particular focus on extracellular nucleotides and ectonucleotidases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: petya.apostolova@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Petya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apostolova
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: robert.zeiser@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeiser
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D001081:Apyrase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D001081:Apyrase; C067869:CD39 antigen
keywords: ATP; Adenosine; Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation; DAMP; Ectonucleotidase; Graft-versus-host disease; HMGB1; Heat shock protein; Inflammasome; S100 protein family; Uric acid