title: PET Mapping for Brain-Computer Interface Stimulation of the Ventroposterior Medial Nucleus of the Thalamus in Rats with Implanted Electrodes.
abstract: Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has great potential for improving the quality of life for neurologic patients. This study aimed to use PET mapping for BCI-based stimulation in a rat model with electrodes implanted in the ventroposterior medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus.
  
  
  
  PET imaging studies were conducted before and after stimulation of the right VPM.
  
  
  
  Stimulation induced significant orienting performance. (18)F-FDG uptake increased significantly in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, septohippocampal nucleus, olfactory bulb, left crus II of the ansiform lobule of the cerebellum, and bilaterally in the lateral septum, amygdala, piriform cortex, endopiriform nucleus, and insular cortex, but it decreased in the right secondary visual cortex, right simple lobule of the cerebellum, and bilaterally in the somatosensory cortex.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrated that PET mapping after VPM stimulation can identify specific brain regions associated with orienting performance. PET molecular imaging may be an important approach for BCI-based research and its clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Yunqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kedi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiacheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and meitian@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: brain–computer interface (BCI); electrical stimulation; positron emission tomography (PET); ventroposterior medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus