title: Ready, Set, Change! Development and usability testing of an online readiness for change decision support tool for healthcare organizations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To address challenges related to selecting a valid, reliable, and appropriate readiness assessment measure in practice, we developed an online decision support tool to aid frontline implementers in healthcare settings in this process. The focus of this paper is to describe a multi-step, end-user driven approach to developing this tool for use during the planning stages of implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-phase, end-user driven approach was used to develop and test the usability of a readiness decision support tool. First, readiness assessment measures that are valid, reliable, and appropriate for healthcare settings were identified from a systematic review. Second, a mapping exercise was performed to categorize individual items of included measures according to key readiness constructs from an existing framework. Third, a modified Delphi process was used to collect stakeholder ratings of the included measures on domains of feasibility, relevance, and likelihood to recommend. Fourth, two versions of a decision support tool prototype were developed and evaluated for usability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine valid and reliable readiness assessment measures were included in the decision support tool. The mapping exercise revealed that of the nine measures, most measures (78 %) focused on assessing readiness for change at the organizational versus the individual level, and that four measures (44 %) represented all constructs of organizational readiness. During the modified Delphi process, stakeholders rated most measures as feasible and relevant for use in practice, and reported that they would be likely to recommend use of most measures. Using data from the mapping exercise and stakeholder panel, an algorithm was developed to link users to a measure based on characteristics of their organizational setting and their readiness for change assessment priorities. Usability testing yielded recommendations that were used to refine the Ready, Set, Change! decision support tool .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ready, Set, Change! decision support tool is an implementation support that is designed to facilitate the routine incorporation of a readiness assessment as an early step in implementation. Use of this tool in practice may offer time and resource-saving implications for implementation.
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. timmingsc@smh.ca.
authors.forename: Caitlyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Timmings
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. khans@smh.ca.
authors.forename: Sobia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. mooreju@smh.ca.
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. marquezc@smh.ca.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. pykak@smh.ca.
authors.forename: Kasha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pyka
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. sharon.straus@utoronto.ca.|University of Toronto, 563 Spadina Crescent, Toronto, M5S 2J7, Canada. sharon.straus@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Straus
mesh_terms: D003660:Decision Support Systems, Management / Q000592:standards*; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods*; D006739:Hospital Administration / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009936:Organizational Innovation