title: Gastroprotective potential of Pentahydroxy flavone isolated from Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. leaves against acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats: The role of oxido-inflammatory and prostaglandins markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (Sapotaceae) has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective potential. It has been traditionally used as laxative, tonic, anti-burn, anti-earthworm, wound healing and headache.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. leaves methanolic extract (MI-ALC) and its isolated chloroform fraction (D3) against experimental induced gastric ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  D3 was isolated from MI-ALC, well characterized (HPTLC, FT-IR, (1)H-NMR and LC-MS) and evaluated for its gastroprotective activity by using acetic acid induced ulcer in male Wistar rats (150-200g). D3 (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg, p.o.) were administered for the period of 14 days. At the end of treatment, rats were sacrificed to collect the stomach sample for evaluation of antioxidant (SOD, GSH, and MDA) enzyme, oxido-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, iNOs) and prostaglandins (COX-II) markers by using RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The structure and molecular weight (MW) of the isolated compound (D3) were confirmed by 1D and 2D spectral data and characterized as 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone with MW C15H10O7. Administration of 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone (5 and 10mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited (P<0.01 and P<0.001) acetic acid induced an alteration in the antioxidant enzyme. It also significantly and dose-dependently down-regulated gastric oxido-inflammatory and prostaglandins markers. Histopathological aberration induced in the stomach also attenuated by 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Finding of present investigation suggests that MI-ALC possessed potent antiulcer activity due to the presence of 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone via its oxido-inflammatory and prostaglandins modulatory potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Smeeta M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mohod
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Amit D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kandhare
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address: drslbodh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Subhash L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bodhankar
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D032128:Madhuca; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011453:Prostaglandins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011794:Quercetin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Acetic acid; COX-II; Gastroprotective; IL-1; Madhuca indica; Pentahydroxy flavone; TNF-α; iNOs