title: Prosody and Semantics Are Separate but Not Separable Channels in the Perception of Emotional Speech: Test for Rating of Emotions in Speech.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim is to explore the complex interplay of prosody (tone of speech) and semantics (verbal content) in the perception of discrete emotions in speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  We implement a novel tool, the Test for Rating of Emotions in Speech. Eighty native English speakers were presented with spoken sentences made of different combinations of 5 discrete emotions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and neutral) presented in prosody and semantics. Listeners were asked to rate the sentence as a whole, integrating both speech channels, or to focus on one channel only (prosody or semantics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed supremacy of congruency, failure of selective attention, and prosodic dominance. Supremacy of congruency means that a sentence that presents the same emotion in both speech channels was rated highest; failure of selective attention means that listeners were unable to selectively attend to one channel when instructed; and prosodic dominance means that prosodic information plays a larger role than semantics in processing emotional speech.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotional prosody and semantics are separate but not separable channels, and it is difficult to perceive one without the influence of the other. Our findings indicate that the Test for Rating of Emotions in Speech can reveal specific aspects in the processing of emotional speech and may in the future prove useful for understanding emotion-processing deficits in individuals with pathologies.
authors.forename: Boaz M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ben-David
authors.forename: Namita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Multani
authors.forename: Vered
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shakuf
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rudzicz
authors.forename: Pascal H H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: van Lieshout
mesh_terms: D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012660:Semantics; D013067:Speech Perception; D055815:Young Adult