title: The Relationships between Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding the Growth Factors TGF-β1, PDGFB, EGF, bFGF and VEGF-A and the Restenosis Process in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Bare Metal Stent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neointima forming after stent implantation consists of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in 90%. Growth factors TGF-β1, PDGFB, EGF, bFGF and VEGF-A play an important role in VSMC proliferation and migration to the tunica intima after arterial wall injury. The aim of this paper was an analysis of functional polymorphisms in genes encoding TGF-β1, PDGFB, EGF, bFGF and VEGF-A in relation to in-stent restenosis (ISR).
  
  
  METHODS
  265 patients with a stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) hospitalized in our center in the years 2007-2011 were included in the study. All patients underwent stent implantation at admission to the hospital and had another coronary angiography performed due to recurrence of the ailments or a positive result of the test assessing the coronary flow reserve. Angiographically significant ISR was defined as stenosis >50% in the stented coronary artery segment. The patients were divided into two groups-with angiographically significant ISR (n = 53) and without significant ISR (n = 212). Additionally, the assessment of late lumen loss (LLL) in vessel was performed. EGF rs4444903 polymorphism was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method whilst rs1800470 (TGFB1), rs2285094 (PDGFB) rs308395 (bFGF) and rs699947 (VEGF-A) were determined using the TaqMan method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiographically significant ISR was significantly less frequently observed in the group of patients with the A/A genotype of rs1800470 polymorphism (TGFB1) versus patients with A/G and G/G genotypes. In the multivariable analysis, LLL was significantly lower in patients with the A/A genotype of rs1800470 (TGFB1) versus those with the A/G and G/G genotypes and higher in patients with the A/A genotype of the VEGF-A polymorphism versus the A/C and C/C genotypes. The C/C genotype of rs2285094 (PDGFB) was associated with greater LLL compared to C/T heterozygotes and T/T homozygotes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphisms rs1800470, rs2285094 and rs6999447 of the TGFB1, PDGFB and VEGF-A genes, respectively, are associated with LLL in patients with SCAD treated by PCI with a metal stent implantation.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.|Genomics Laboratory, Kardio-Med Silesia Science and Technology Park, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osadnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna Katarzyna
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Strzelczyk
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reguła
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bujak
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.|Genomics Laboratory, Kardio-Med Silesia Science and Technology Park, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Martyna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fronczek
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonera
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawlita
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wasilewski
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lekston
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurek
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gierlotka
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trzeciak
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawranek
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ostrowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiczkowski
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poloński
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gąsior
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor