title: MicroRNAs and Cancer Drug Resistance.
abstract: The discovery of small regulatory noncoding RNAs revolutionized our thinking on gene regulation. The class of microRNAs (miRs), a group of small noncoding RNAs (20-22 nt in length) that bind imperfectly to the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNA, has been insistently implicated in several pathological conditions including cancer. Indeed, major hallmarks of cancer, such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell survival, and cell invasion, has been described as being regulated by miRs. Recent studies have also implicated miRs in cancer drug resistance. Regardless of the several studies done until now, drug resistance still is a burden for cancer therapy and patients' outcome, often resulting in more aggressive tumors that tend to metastasize to distant organs. Hence, with this review, we aim to summarize the miRs that influence molecular pathways that are involved in cancer drug resistance, such as drug metabolism, drug influx/efflux, DNA damage response (DDR), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, Edificio CEDOC II, Room 2.22-2.23, Lisbon, 1150-008, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno Costa
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, Edificio CEDOC II, Room 2.22-2.23, Lisbon, 1150-008, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rueff
authors.affiliation: Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, Edificio CEDOC II, Room 2.22-2.23, Lisbon, 1150-008, Portugal. sebastiao.rodrigues@nms.unl.pt.
authors.forename: António Sebastião
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D004260:DNA Repair; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Cancer; Drug resistance; MicroRNA; Noncoding RNAs