title: Exploring the Masculine Identity in the Context of HIV Prevention in Chile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to describe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related knowledge and beliefs, as well as understanding attitudes towards masculinity in the context of HIV prevention, held among Chilean men.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study reports the qualitative findings of a sequential qualitative-quantitative mixed methodology study: Bringing men into HIV Prevention in Chile, NIH R01 TW007674-03.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty in-depth interviews using a qualitative, descriptive approach to elicit information for the study were conducted among men residing in two communities of low socio-economic status in Santiago, Chile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Content analysis of interviews revealed three main themes regarding machismo and how it relates to HIV: sexuality and machismo, the changing nature of machismo, and violence against women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addressing HIV and intimate partner violence through developing education programs tailored to meet the needs of Chilean men are needed to include men in HIV prevention efforts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specifically, incorporating ideas of what men consider healthy masculinity and working to destigmatize men who have sex with men are important steps in addressing the negative aspects of machismo.
authors.affiliation: Alpha Lambda and Beta Tau, Associate Professor, Director of International Affairs, School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Alpha Lambda and Beta Tau, Professor, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rosina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cianelli
authors.affiliation: Alpha Lambda, Assistant Professor of Clinical, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.affiliation: Research Assistant, School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Reiley
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Researcher, School of Nursing, Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernales
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Repetto
authors.affiliation: Program Coordinator, Developmental Center for AIDS Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hufstader
authors.affiliation: Clinical Instructor, School of Nursing, Universidad de Desarrollo, Chile.
authors.forename: Loreto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irarrázabal
authors.affiliation: Beta Tau, Dean and Professor, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Nilda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peragallo-Montano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002677:Chile; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057228:Masculinity; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AIDS; HIV; Hispanic; machismo; masculinity