title: Ultrastructural and Morphalogical Changes of Mouse Ovarian Tissues Following Direct Cover Vitrification with Different Cryoprotectants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cryopreservation of mammalian ovaries has been reported with different levels of success. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be a potential alternative for treatment of infertility and many attempts have been done to improve the efficiency of ovarian cryopreservation. The objective of the present study was to compare the direct cover vitrification (DCV) with ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and EG plus DMSO.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty five mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and their ovaries were cryopreserved in the presence of 5% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture, 10% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture and a group with ascending concentrations of cryoprotectants. After toxicity testing and vitrification warming, the ovaries were fixed for histological and ultrastructural studies. In addition, the viability of mechanically isolated follicles was studied by trypan blue staining. All data were compared by ANOVA (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovarian tissues frozen in EG plus DMSO in ascending concentrations retained a higher percentage of morphologically normal and or viable follicles than tissues frozen in 10 M EG plus DMSO or in either concentration of EG and DMSO alone (p<0.001). Ultrastructural analysis of ovarian tissues frozen in ascending concentrations of EG plus DMSO showed that these follicles were well preserved and it was very similar to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue in EG plus DMSO is the most effective method for preserving the structural integrity of follicles within the ovary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghavami
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Daryoush
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mohammadnejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
authors.forename: Rahim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beheshti
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solmani-Rad
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abedelahi
keywords: Cryopreservation; Direct cover vitrification; Ovarian tissue