title: Effect of Weight Loss with or without Exercise on Inflammatory Markers and Adipokines in Postmenopausal Women: The SHAPE-2 Trial, A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: We investigated the effect of equivalent weight loss, by a hypocaloric diet or mainly exercise, on inflammatory markers and adipokines in overweight postmenopausal women.
  
  
  
  Women were randomized to a diet (n = 97), mainly exercise (n = 98), or control group (n = 48). Goal of both interventions was to lose 5 to 6 kg bodyweight by a hypocaloric diet or an exercise program (4 hours/week) combined with a small caloric intake restriction. Outcomes after 16 weeks included serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), IL6, adiponectin, and leptin.
  
  
  
  Both intervention groups achieved the target weight loss. Controls remained weight stable. Compared with control, hsCRP decreased with mainly exercise [treatment effect ratio (TER) = 0.64] and borderline statistically significant with diet (TER = 0.77). There was a suggestively larger effect of exercise, directly compared with diet (TER = 0.83). Leptin decreased with both interventions: mainly exercise (TER = 0.55) and diet (TER = 0.59), versus control. Effects attenuated and lost significance after adjusting for change in body fat percentage, and to a lesser extent when adjusting for fitness. No effects were seen on IL6 and adiponectin.
  
  
  
  A 16-week randomized intervention inducing comparable weight loss by a hypocaloric diet or mainly exercise, resulted in favorable effects on serum hsCRP and leptin. We found a possible more beneficial effect on hsCRP with mainly exercise versus diet. These effects of exercise were established by changes in body fat percentage and physical fitness.
  
  
  
  A modest amount of weight loss in postmenopausal women reduces hsCRP and leptin levels which might be associated with a lower breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 799-806. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willemijn A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van Gemert
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albertine J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schuit
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Blanche Y M
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Oosterhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. e.monninkhof@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Evelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Monninkhof
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers