title: Novel naproxen/esomeprazole magnesium compound pellets based on acid-independent mechanism: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop the novel naproxen/esomeprazole magnesium compound pellets (novel-NAP/EMZ) depending on EMZ acid-independent mechanism which has been proved to be predominate in the mechanism of co-therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The novel-NAP/EMZ compound pellets, composed of NAP colon-specific pellets (NAP-CSPs) and EMZ modified-release pellets (EMZ-MRPs), were prepared by fluid-bed coating technology with desired in vitro release profiles. The resulting pellets were filled into hard gelatin capsules for in vivo evaluation in rats and compared with the reference compound pellets, consisted of NAP enteric-coated pellets (NAP-ECPs) and EMZ immediate-release pellets (EMZ-IRPs). The reference compound pellets were prepared simulating the drug delivery system of VIMOVO(®). In vivo pharmacokinetics, EMZ-MRPs had significantly larger AUC0-t (p < 0.01), 1.67 times more than that of EMZ-IRPs, and prolonged mean residence time (7.55 ± 0.12 h) than that of IRPs (1.46 ± 0.39 h). NAP-CSPs and NAP-ECPs showed similar AUC0-t. Compared to the reference compound pellets, the novel-NAP/EMZ compound pellets did not show distinct differences in histological mucosal morphology. However, biochemical tests exhibited enhanced total antioxidant capacity, increased nitric oxide content and reduced malondialdehyde level for novel-NAP/EMZ compound pellets, indicating that the acid-independent action took effect. The gastric pH values of novel-NAP/EMZ compound pellets were at a low and stable level, which could ensure normal physiological range of human gastric pH. As a result, the novel-NAP/EMZ compound pellets may be a more suitable formulation with potential advantages by improving bioavailability of drug and further reducing undesirable gastrointestinal damages.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: b Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd , Nanjing , PR China.
authors.forename: Shuling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D064098:Esomeprazole / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009288:Naproxen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D004343:Drug Implants; D005079:Excipients; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009288:Naproxen; D064098:Esomeprazole
keywords: Acid-independent mechanism; biochemical tests; esomeprazole magnesium; histopathology; naproxen; pharmacokinetics