title: The United States Does CAIR About Cultural Safety: Examining Cultural Safety Within Indigenous Health Contexts in Canada and the United States.
abstract: This article examines the concept and use of the term cultural safety in Canada and the United States.
  
  
  
  To examine the uptake of cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, cultural competence, and cultural safety between health organizations in Canada and the United States, we reviewed position statements/policies of health care associations.
  
  
  
  The majority of selected health associations in Canada include cultural safety within position statements or organizational policies; however, comparable U.S. organizations focused on cultural sensitivity and cultural competence.
  
  
  
  Through the work of the Center for American Indian Resilience, we demonstrate that U.S. researchers engage with the tenets of cultural safety-despite not using the language.
  
  
  
  We recommend that health care providers and health researchers consider the tenets of cultural safety.
  
  
  
  To address health disparities between American Indian populations and non-American Indians, we urge the adoption of the term and tenets of cultural safety in the United States.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Darroch
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.affiliation: 2 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brooks-Cleator
authors.affiliation: 2 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: 2 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Darold
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: 2 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nosker
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002170:Canada / Q000208:ethnology; D003467:Cultural Deprivation; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000458:organization & administration; D006303:Health Services, Indigenous / Q000592:standards*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: cultural competence; cultural safety; participatory research