title: Smoke-Free Universities Help Students Avoid Establishing Smoking by Means of Facilitating Quitting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to clarify whether smoke-free policies affect the initiation or the quitting of smoking among young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this natural quasi-experiment study, three universities with different enforcement of smoke-free policies were considered in Kazan City, Russian Federation. Exposure data were collected in 2008-2009 through measurement of particulate matter concentrations in typical sets of premises in each university to distinguish smoke-free universities (SFU) and those not smoke-free (NSFU). All present third year students were surveyed in class in April-June 2011. Number of valid questionnaires equaled 635. The questionnaire was adapted from the Health Professions Students Survey and contained questions on smoking initiation, current tobacco use, willingness to quit, quit attempts, percep-tion of smoke-free policies enforcement, and the demographic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among students of SFU, the percentage of current smokers was smaller than in NSFU: 42% vs. 64% in men and 32% vs. 43% in women. Prevalence of daily smoking was 11-12% in SFU, 26% in NSFU overall and 42% among male students. No advantage of SFU in limiting smoking initiation was found. Percentage of former smokers in SFU was 33% vs. 10% in NSFU. Among current smokers, 57% expressed willingness to quit in SFU and only 28% in NSFU. About 60% of current smokers in SFU attempted to quit within a year and only 36% did so in NSFU with 23% vs. 3% having done three or more attempts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoke-free universities help young adults to avoid establishing regular smoking by means of facilitating quitting smoking.
authors.affiliation: National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Tatiana I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.affiliation: Municipal center for addictions prevention 'Choice', Kazan, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Galina A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ananjeva
authors.affiliation: Municipal center for addictions prevention 'Choice', Kazan, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Natalia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Daminova
authors.affiliation: Municipal center for addictions prevention 'Choice', Kazan, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Tatiana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Leontieva
authors.affiliation: Municipal center for addictions prevention 'Choice', Kazan, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Louise K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Khakimova
keywords: Russian Federation; Students; Tobacco smoke; University