title: Canine cystine urolithiasis: A review of 1760 submissions over 35 years (1979-2013).
abstract: This study reports a retrospective evaluation of epidemiological data from cystine stones of dogs submitted to the Urinary Stone Analysis Center Bonn, Germany, over a period of 35 years. Of the 20 316 uroliths submitted from 1979 to 2013, 1760 were cystine stones. In total, 109 breeds were affected with 16 breeds having an odds ratio > 1.0. Most of the cystine uroliths were retrieved from male dogs, with only 19 female dogs (1.1%) being affected. Percentage of submitted cystine stones amongst all stones decreased significantly over 35 years from 38.9% to 4.4%.
authors.affiliation: Urinary Stone Analysis Centre Bonn, Germany, Theaterplatz 14, Bonn D 53177, Germany (Hesse); University of Bonn - Urology, Bonn, Germany (Hesse, Hoffmann); Harnsteinanalysezentrum Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Orzekowsky); Small Animal Clinic - Justus-Liebig University, Frankfurter Strasse 126, Giessen 35392, Germany (Neiger).
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.affiliation: Urinary Stone Analysis Centre Bonn, Germany, Theaterplatz 14, Bonn D 53177, Germany (Hesse); University of Bonn - Urology, Bonn, Germany (Hesse, Hoffmann); Harnsteinanalysezentrum Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Orzekowsky); Small Animal Clinic - Justus-Liebig University, Frankfurter Strasse 126, Giessen 35392, Germany (Neiger).
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Urinary Stone Analysis Centre Bonn, Germany, Theaterplatz 14, Bonn D 53177, Germany (Hesse); University of Bonn - Urology, Bonn, Germany (Hesse, Hoffmann); Harnsteinanalysezentrum Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Orzekowsky); Small Animal Clinic - Justus-Liebig University, Frankfurter Strasse 126, Giessen 35392, Germany (Neiger).
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orzekowsky
authors.affiliation: Urinary Stone Analysis Centre Bonn, Germany, Theaterplatz 14, Bonn D 53177, Germany (Hesse); University of Bonn - Urology, Bonn, Germany (Hesse, Hoffmann); Harnsteinanalysezentrum Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Orzekowsky); Small Animal Clinic - Justus-Liebig University, Frankfurter Strasse 126, Giessen 35392, Germany (Neiger).
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neiger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003553:Cystine; D004283:Dog Diseases; D004285:Dogs; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D003553:Cystine