title: The Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Point-of-Care Glucose Measurements in Hospital Practice in a Tropical Clinical Setting.
abstract: Hospitals in tropical countries experience conditions that exceed manufacturer temperature and humidity limits for point-of-care (POC) glucose reagents. Our goal was to assess the effects of out-of-limits storage temperature, operating temperature, and operating humidity on POC glucose measurement reliability.
  
  
  
  Quality control measurements were performed monthly using glucose test strips stored under controlled conditions and in inpatient wards under ambient conditions. Glucose test strips were evaluated in groups organized by operating temperatures of 24-25 (group 1), 28-29 (group 2), and 33-34°C (group 3), and relative humidity (RH) of ≤70 (group A), ~80 (group B), and ~90% (group C).
  
  
  
  Glucose results for different storage conditions were inconsistent. Measurements at higher operating temperatures had lower values with mean differences of -2.4 (P < .001) and -36.5 (P < .001) mg/dL (28-29 vs 24-25°C), and -3.6 (P < .001) and -37.4 (P < .001) mg/dL (33-34 vs 24-25°C) for low and high control levels, respectively. Measurements at higher RH had lower values with mean differences of -4.0 (P < .001) and -13.2 (P < .001) mg/dL (~80 vs ≤70% RH), and -5.8 (P < .001) and -16.6 (P < .001) mg/dL (~90 vs ≤70% RH) for low and high levels, respectively.
  
  
  
  High temperature and high RH decreased glucose concentrations for the POC oxidase-based system we evaluated. We recommend that individual hospitals perform stress testing, then determine if maximum absolute differences, which represent highest risk for patients, are clinically significant for decision making by using error grid analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand busadee.pra@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Busadee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pratumvinit
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nattakom
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charoenkoop
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Soamsiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niwattisaiwong
authors.affiliation: Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research, School of Medicine, University of California and Knowledge Optimization®, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panutsaya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tientadakul
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006761:Hospitals; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing; D011934:Reagent Strips
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D011934:Reagent Strips
keywords: environmental stress; glucose; glucose meter; humidity; point of care; temperature