title: Gluteus maximus impairment in femoroacetabular impingement: a tensiomyographic evaluation of a clinical fact.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the aim of the present study is to evaluate the mechanical and contractile properties of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Our hypothesis is that the clinical observation of GM pain would be evidenced by tensiomyographic impairment in muscle function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, cross-sectional, intra-group comparative study was conducted to assess the neuromuscular changes of lower extremity muscles in patients with FAI. Fifty-one patients with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of FAI for at least 3 months were included. The rectus femoris (RF), adductor magnus (AM), and GM of both lower extremities of all patients were evaluated with tensiomyography (TMG). The values of TMG of the affected lower extremity were compared to those of the healthy contralateral side. The parameters obtained in this study were maximal displacement (Dm), and contraction time (Tc).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Tc of the injured GM was significantly higher compared to the healthy side (p = 0.01). There were no significant side-to-side differences in the Dm of the GM (p = 0.13), either in the Tc and Dm of the RF (p = 0.15 and p = 0.8, respectively) and AM (p = 0.25 and p = 0.75, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FAI is associated with impairment of contraction time in the GM of the injured compared to the healthy side. Impairment of the GM may be monitored to evaluate response to conservative or surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fundación García-Cugat. Artroscopia GC, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain. roberto6jas@gmail.com.|Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. roberto6jas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seijas
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Sports Sciences Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alentorn-Geli
authors.affiliation: Fundación García-Cugat. Artroscopia GC, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.|Mutualidad de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Futbol, Delegación Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.affiliation: Fundación García-Cugat. Artroscopia GC, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ares
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sallent
authors.affiliation: Fundación García-Cugat. Artroscopia GC, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cuscó
authors.affiliation: Fundación García-Cugat. Artroscopia GC, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.|Mutualidad de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Futbol, Delegación Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cugat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Adductor magnus; Femoroacetabular impingement; Gluteus maximus; Rectus femoris; Tensiomyography