title: Thymus-expressed chemokine enhances Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced osteoclast formation via NFATc1 activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  P. gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium and a major periodontal pathogen. LPS produced by P. gingivalis promotes osteoclast formation. TECK is a CC chemokine whose expression is increased in gingival epithelial cells exposed to P. gingivalis LPS. In this study, we investigated the effect of TECK in osteoclastogenesis induced by P. gingivalis LPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) analysis and western blotting were performed to confirm TECK in MG63, human osteoblast cell line and primary murine osteoblasts and CCR9 in RAW 264.7 cells and murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) as osteoclast precursors. P. gingivalis LPS-treated BMMs and Raw 264.7 cells were cultured with or without TECK or TECK antibody to examine the effect of TECK on osteoclast formation. Cocultures with murine osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were also treated with or without TECK or TECK antibody. Luciferase assay and western blotting were used to determine whether TECK-CCR9 induced osteoclastogenesis was mediated through NFATc1 or NF-kB signaling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TECK was shown to be expressed by osteoblasts, and its receptor, CCR9, by osteoclast precursors. TECK increased P. gingivalis LPS-induced osteoclast numbers in an in vitro osteoclast formation assay using osteoclast precursors. The enhanced osteoclast formation by TECK was mediated by NFATc1, but not by NF-kB signaling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TECK may be a novel regulator of osteoclast formation induced by P. gingivalis LPS in periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Cardiology and Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan. Electronic address: r12usui@fa.kyu-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.affiliation: Dental Clinic, Showa University Medical Hospital, 1-5-8Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongou, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Cardiology and Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanatani
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Cardiology and Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moritani
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Cardiology and Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Matsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Cardiology and Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D054388:Receptors, CCR / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C119309:CC chemokine receptor 9; C108074:CCL25 protein, human; C491541:Ccl25 protein, mouse; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494003:NFATC1 protein, human; C494005:Nfatc1 protein, mouse; D054388:Receptors, CCR; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: LPS; NFATc1; Osteoclast; P. gingivalis; Periodontitis; Thymus-expressed chemokine