title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation.
abstract: Obesity is documented to be a state of chronic mild inflammation associated with increased macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and liver and skeletal muscle. As a pleiotropic inflammatory mediator, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is associated with metabolic disease, so MIF may signal molecular links between adipocytes and myocytes. MIF expression was modified during myoblast differentiation, but the role of MIF during this process is unclear. C2C12 cells were transfected with MIF to investigate their role during differentiation. MIF expression attenuated C2C12 differentiation. It did not change proliferation, but downregulated cyclin D1 and CDK4, causing cell accumulation in the G1 phase. p21 protein was increased significantly and MyoD, MyoG, and p21 mRNA also increased significantly in the C2C12 cells treated with ISO-1, suggesting that inhibition of MIF promotes differentiation. MIF inhibits the myoblast differentiation by affecting the cell cycle progression, but does not affect proliferation.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , PR China.|b College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , PR China.
authors.forename: Fengyun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , PR China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , PR China.
authors.forename: Mingju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , PR China.
authors.forename: Sumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: b College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , PR China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: b College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , PR China.
authors.forename: Jianyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , PR China.
authors.forename: Zaiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D000099179:Myocilin
chemical_list: D019938:Cyclin D1; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D007555:Isoxazoles; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D017570:MyoD Protein; D000099179:Myocilin; C462499:3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester; C530105:Ccnd1 protein, mouse; C057363:MyoD1 myogenic differentiation protein; C495902:Cdk4 protein, mouse; C076231:Mif protein, mouse
keywords: cell cycle arrest; migration inhibitory factor (MIF); myogenic differentiation; proliferation