title: High-Loading Nano-SnO2 Encapsulated in situ in Three-Dimensional Rigid Porous Carbon for Superior Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) have been encapsulated in situ in a three-dimensional ordered space structure. Within this composite, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) acts as a carbon framework showing a desirable ordered mesoporous structure with an average pore size (≈6 nm) and a high surface area (470.3 m(2) g(-1)), and the SnO2 NPs (≈10 nm) are highly loaded (up to 80 wt %) and homogeneously distributed within the OMC matrix. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, a SnO2 @OMC composite material can deliver an initial charge capacity of 943 mAh g(-1) and retain 68.9 % of the initial capacity after 50 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g(-1), even exhibit a capacity of 503 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles at 160 mA g(-1). In situ encapsulation of the SnO2 NPs within an OMC framework contributes to a higher capacity and a better cycling stability and rate capability in comparison with bare OMC and OMC ex situ loaded with SnO2 particles (SnO2/OMC). The significantly improved electrochemical performance of the SnO2@OMC composite can be attributed to the multifunctional OMC matrix, which can facilitate electrolyte infiltration, accelerate charge transfer, and lithium-ion diffusion, and act as a favorable buffer to release reaction strains for lithiation/delithiation of the SnO2 NPs.
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P.R. China.|Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan.
authors.forename: Hairong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: World Premier International Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Center of Energy Storage Materials and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan. hs.zhou@aist.go.jp.|National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Center of Energy Storage Materials and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China. hs.zhou@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Haoshen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: World Premier International Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan. Yamauchi.Yusuke@nims.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P.R. China. jianph@nuaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
keywords: anode materials; lithium-ion batteries; mesoporous carbon; synthetic methods; tin