title: Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): a New Sight for Chrysophanol to Treat Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury.
abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of chrysophanol (CH) against paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary injury. Fifty BALB/C mice were randomized into five groups: (1) control, (2) PQ, (3) PQ + dexamethasone (Dex, 2 mg/kg), (4) PQ + CH (10 mg/kg), and (5) PQ + CH (20 mg/kg). A single dose of PQ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was intraperitoneally given to induce acute lung injury. Then mice were treated with CH (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, orally) for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and then bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected for histological observation, biochemical analysis, and Western blot analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in BALF were determined. The levels of SOD and MDA in the lung were also detected. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway proteins in the lung were determined by Western blot. Histological examination indicated that CH attenuated lung inflammation caused by PQ. Biochemical results showed that CH treatment significantly reduced the levels of MDA, MPO, and inflammatory cytokines and increased the level of SOD, compared to those in the PQ group. Meanwhile, Western Blot results revealed that CH increased PPAR-γ expression and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation after PQ challenge. These findings suggested the potential therapeutic effects of CH which is derived from a natural product on PQ-induced pulmonary injury.
authors.affiliation: Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
authors.forename: Yuguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China. wangshuminch@126.com.
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D006540:Herbicides; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003907:Dexamethasone; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C027113:chrysophanic acid; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: NF-κB; PPAR-γ; chrysophanol; lung injury; paraquat