title: Scientific Collaborations: How Do We Measure the Return on Relationships?
abstract: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), the majority of which are zoonotic, represent a tremendous challenge for public health and biosurveillance infrastructure across the globe. Due to the complexity of zoonotic pathogens, it is essential that research and response to EIDs be a transdisciplinary effort. And while crisis and circumstance may be the initial catalyst for responding to an outbreak, we provide examples of how transdisciplinary scientific collectives, which are organized and solidified in advance of crises, can transform the way the world responds to outbreaks and in some cases could even prevent one from occurring (1). Current methods for assessing whether a cooperative engagement between countries is producing measurable and sustainable value is based on the ideas of return on investment and do not consider the inherent importance of relationships. In this article, we apply the idea of return on relationships (ROR) and propose a method for measuring ROR, using a system dynamics modeling framework commonly used in epidemiology. Tracking the numerous and diverse scientific collaborations that emerged from a training workshop for biosurveillance of bats held in Singapore in 2014, we apply a methodology for visualizing and measuring the relationship networks and outcomes that result. Additionally, the collaborative, multidisciplinary network that coalesced in response to the Hantavirus outbreak in New Mexico is 1993 is discussed as an example of the long-term benefits of ROR.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Biological Engagement Program, Defense Threat Reduction Agency , Fort Belvoir, VA , USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Biological Engagement Program, Defense Threat Reduction Agency , Fort Belvoir, VA , USA.
authors.forename: Martha Mangum
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, TX , USA.
authors.forename: Deana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
keywords: Hantavirus; MERS; return on relationships; scientific collaboration; systems dynamics