title: Facial Pores: Definition, Causes, and Treatment Options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enlarged skin pores refer to conditions that present with visible topographic changes of skin surfaces. Although not a medical concern, enlarged pores are a cosmetic concern for a large number of individuals. Moreover, clear definition and possible causes of enlarged pores have not been elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the possible causes and treatment options for skin pores.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article is based on a review of the medical literature and the authors' clinical experience in investigating and treating skin pores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are 3 major clinical causes of enlarged facial pores, namely high sebum excretion, decreased elasticity around pores, and increased hair follicle volume. In addition, chronic recurrent acne, sex hormones, and skin care regimen can affect pore size. Given the different possible causes for enlarged pores, therapeutic modalities must be individualized for each patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential factors that contribute to enlarged skin pores include excessive sebum, decreased elasticity around pores, and increased hair follicle volume. Because various factors cause enlarged facial pores, it might be useful to identify the underlying causes to be able to select the appropriate treatment.
authors.affiliation: *Yonsei Star Skin & Laser Clinic, Seoul, South Korea; †Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; ‡GoodDay Skin & Laser Clinic, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Se Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Kui Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kapsok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Seong Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000150:complications; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004032:Diet; D004548:Elasticity; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000473:pathology*; D006204:Hair Removal; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009929:Organ Size; D012629:Sebum / Q000378:metabolism; D017592:Skin Care / Q000009:adverse effects; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones