title: Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity is Modulated during Slow Sinusoidal Linear Displacements in Supine Humans.
abstract: Low-frequency sinusoidal linear acceleration (0.08 Hz, ±4 mG) modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) in seated subjects (head vertical), suggesting that activation of the utricle in the peripheral vestibular labyrinth modulates SSNA. The aim of the current study was to determine whether SSNA is also modulated by input from the saccule. Tungsten microelectrodes were inserted into the common peroneal nerve to record oligounitary SSNA in 8 subjects laying supine on a motorized platform with the head aligned with the longitudinal axis of the body. Slow sinusoidal (0.08 Hz, 100 cycles) linear acceleration-decelerations (peak ±4 mG) were applied rostrocaudally to predominately activate the saccules, or mediolaterally to predominately activate the utricles. Cross-correlation histograms were constructed between the negative-going sympathetic spikes and the positive peaks of the sinusoidal stimuli. Sinusoidal linear acceleration along the rostrocaudal axis or mediolateral axis both resulted in sinusoidal modulation of SSNA (Median, IQR 27.0, 22-33% and 24.8, 17-39%, respectively). This suggests that both otolith organs act on sympathetic outflow to skin and muscle in a similar manner during supine displacements.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghan, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Western Sydney University Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hammam
authors.affiliation: Institute for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Western Sydney UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Vaughan G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Macefield
keywords: SSNA; saccule; sympathetic; utricle; vestibulosympathetic reflexes