title: Present status of Accelerator-Based BNCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work aims at giving an updated report of the worldwide status of Accelerator-Based BNCT (AB-BNCT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is a generalized perception that the availability of accelerators installed in hospitals, as neutron sources, may be crucial for the advancement of BNCT. Accordingly, in recent years a significant effort has started to develop such machines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A variety of possible charged-particle induced nuclear reactions and the characteristics of the resulting neutron spectra are discussed along with the worldwide activity in suitable accelerator development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endothermic (7)Li(p,n)(7)Be and (9)Be(p,n)(9)B and exothermic (9)Be(d,n)(10)B are compared. In addition to having much better thermo-mechanical properties than Li, Be as a target leads to stable products. This is a significant advantage for a hospital-based facility. (9)Be(p,n)(9)B needs at least 4-5 MeV bombarding energy to have a sufficient yield, while (9)Be(d,n)(10)B can be utilized at about 1.4 MeV, implying the smallest possible accelerator. This reaction operating with a thin target can produce a sufficiently soft spectrum to be viable for AB-BNCT. The machines considered are electrostatic single ended or tandem accelerators or radiofrequency quadrupoles plus drift tube Linacs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (7)Li(p,n)(7)Be provides one of the best solutions for the production of epithermal neutron beams for deep-seated tumors. However, a Li-based target poses significant technological challenges. Hence, Be has been considered as an alternative target, both in combination with (p,n) and (d,n) reactions. (9)Be(d,n)(10)B at 1.4 MeV, with a thin target has been shown to be a realistic option for the treatment of deep-seated lesions.
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: Andres Juan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kreiner
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergueiro
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cartelli
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baldo
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Castell
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Javier Gomez
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Asoia
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padulo
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Suárez Sandín
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igarzabal
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mercuri
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Valda
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Minsky
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mario E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Debray
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hector R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Somacal
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Capoulat
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: María S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariela F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Del Grosso
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gagetti
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Manuel Suarez
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anzorena
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Canepa
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Real
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, UBA, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gun
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, UBA, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tacca
keywords: Accelerator-Based BNCT; Different nuclear reactions and accelerator types; Worldwide activity