title: Immunogenicity of Renal Microvascular Endothelial Cells From Genetically Modified Pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disrupting the porcine GGTA1 and CMAH genes [double knockout (DKO)] that produce the gal-α(1,3)-gal and N-glycolylneuraminic acid xenoantigens reduces human antibody binding to porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It is important to examine rejection pathways at an organ-specific level. The object of this study is to evaluate the human preformed antibody reactivity against DKO renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics of DKO RMEC were analyzed using flow cytometry. Human IgG/M binding to primary RMEC, immortalized RMEC (iRMEC), and iRMEC-deficient in B4GALNT2 genes were examined using flow cytometric crossmatch assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Porcine RMEC expressed gal-α(1,3)-gal, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin glycans recognized by human preexisting antibodies in humans. Antigenicity of DKO RMEC was lower than GGTA1 KO RMEC. The disruption of B4GALNT2 gene in DKO iRMEC further reduced human IgG/IgM binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silencing the porcine GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 genes is an effective strategy to reduce human preformed antibody binding to RMEC. Porcine RMEC will be a useful reagent for the further study of xenoimmunology.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.2 Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN.3 IU Health Transplant Institute, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Zheng-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Ross L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Blankenship
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: Jessica B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: Matthew F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Tector
authors.forename: A Joseph
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tector
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D015478:Antigens, Heterophile / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D013552:Swine; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015478:Antigens, Heterophile; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C074383:CMPacetylneuraminate monooxygenase; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases; C530267:alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1, porcine; C071413:beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2