title: Long-Term Cigarette Smoking Trajectories Among HIV-Seropositive and Seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
abstract: To examine the association between demographic characteristics and long-term smoking trajectory group membership among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men (MSM). A cohort of 6552 MSM from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were asked detailed information about their smoking history since their last follow-up. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to examine smoking behavior and identify trajectory group membership. Because participants enrolled after 2001 were more likely to be younger, HIV-seronegative, non-Hispanic black, and have a high school diploma or less, we also assessed time of enrollment in our analysis. Participants were grouped into 4 distinct smoking trajectory groups: persistent nonsmoker (n = 3737 [55.9 %]), persistent light smoker (n = 663 [11.0 %]), heavy smoker to nonsmoker (n = 531 [10.0 %]), and persistent heavy smoker (n = 1604 [23.1 %]). Compared with persistent nonsmokers, persistent heavy smokers were associated with being enrolled in 2001 and later (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.35; 95 % CI 2.12-2.58), having a high school diploma or less (aOR 3.22; 95 % CI 3.05-3.39), and being HIV-seropositive (aOR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.01-1.34). These associations were statistically significant across all trajectory groups for time of enrollment and education but not for HIV serostatus. The overall decrease of smoking as shown by our trajectory groups is consistent with the national trend. Characteristics associated with smoking group trajectory membership should be considered in the development of targeted smoking cessation interventions among MSM and people living with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. wakhtar@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Wajiha Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Akhtar-Khaleel
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoptaw
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Surkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Teplin
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stall
authors.affiliation: Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.|Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Beyth
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.|Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Manini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plankey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006293:Health Promotion; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: MACS; PLWH; Smoking; Trajectories