title: Identification of Penicillin G Metabolites under Various Environmental Conditions Using UHPLC-MS/MS.
abstract: In this work, we investigate the stability of penicillin G in various conditions including acidic, alkaline, natural acidic matrices and after treatment of citrus trees that are infected with citrus greening disease. The identification, confirmation, and quantitation of penicillin G and its various metabolites were evaluated using two UHPLC-MS/MS systems with variable capabilities (i.e., Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap and Sciex 6500 QTrap). Our data show that under acidic and alkaline conditions, penicillin G at 100 ng/mL degrades quickly, with a determined half-life time of approximately 2 h. Penillic acid, penicilloic acid, and penilloic acid are found to be the most abundant metabolites of penicillin G. These major metabolites, along with isopenillic acid, are found when penicillin G is used for treatment of citrus greening infected trees. The findings of this study will provide insight regarding penicillin G residues in agricultural and biological applications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aldeek
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Canzani
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Standland
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Crosswhite
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hammack
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Ghislain
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Jo-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010400:Penicillin G
keywords: degradation; identification; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; metabolites; penicillin G; stability