title: Pollen-Associated Microbiome Correlates with Pollution Parameters and the Allergenicity of Pollen.
abstract: Pollen allergies have been rapidly increasing over the last decades. Many allergenic proteins and non-allergenic adjuvant compounds of pollen are involved in the plant defense against environmental or microbial stress. The first aim of this study was to analyze and compare the colonizing microbes on allergenic pollen. The second aim was to investigate detectable correlations between pollen microbiota and parameters of air pollution or pollen allergenicity. To reach these aims, bacterial and fungal DNA was isolated from pollen samples of timothy grass (Phleum pratense, n = 20) and birch trees (Betula pendula, n = 55). With this isolated DNA, a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed. One result was that the microbial diversity on birch tree and timothy grass pollen samples (Shannon/Simpson diversity indices) was partly significantly correlated to allergenicity parameters (Bet v 1/Phl p 5, pollen-associated lipid mediators). Furthermore, the microbial diversity on birch pollen samples was correlated to on-site air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3)). What is more, a significant negative correlation was observed between the microbial diversity on birch pollen and the measured NO2 concentrations on the corresponding trees. Our results showed that the microbial composition of pollen was correlated to environmental exposure parameters alongside with a differential expression of allergen and pollen-associated lipid mediators. This might translate into altered allergenicity of pollen due to environmental and microbial stress.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obersteiner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany.|CK Care, Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Häring
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rothballer
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, Germany.|CK Care, Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Traidl-Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D000485:Allergens; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D029662:Betula / Q000382:microbiology; D002947:Cities; D005858:Germany; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D031784:Phleum / Q000382:microbiology; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; C061312:Bet v 1 allergen, Betula; D010126:Ozone; D000641:Ammonia; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide