title: Successful Endoscopic Hemostasis Is a Protective Factor for Rebleeding and Mortality in Patients with Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
abstract: Rebleeding and mortality rates remain high in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  
  To identify clinical and endoscopic risk factors for rebleeding and mortality in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  
  This study was performed in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent upper endoscopic procedures between July 2006 and February 2013. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics were compared among patients with and without rebleeding and mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for rebleeding and mortality.
  
  
  
  After excluding 64 patients, data for 689 patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding were analyzed. Peptic ulcer (62.6 %) was by far the most common source of bleeding. Endoscopic intervention was performed within 24 h in 99.0 % of patients, and successful endoscopic hemostasis was possible in 80.7 % of patients. The 30-day rebleeding rate was 13.1 % (n = 93). Unsuccessful endoscopic hemostasis was found to be the only independent risk factor for rebleeding (odds ratio 79.6; 95 % confidence interval 37.8-167.6; p = 0.000). The overall 30-day mortality rate was 3.2 % (n = 23). Unsuccessful endoscopic hemostasis (odds ratio 4.9; 95 % confidence interval 1.7-13.9; p = 0.003) was also associated with increased 30-day mortality in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  
  Successful endoscopic hemostasis is an independent protective factor for both rebleeding and mortality in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea. drcha@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Phil
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Ro
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joung Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Gastrointestinal bleeding; Gastrointestinal endoscopy; Mortality; Prognosis; Rebleeding