title: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, a Regulator and Therapeutic Agent on Breast Cancer.
abstract: The cell-mediated immunity and cytotoxic agents play a significant role on tumor cell apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an intricate linker between inflammation and cancer through mediating the process of apoptosis and cell-mediated immunity. A variety of evidences have confirmed the critical role of TNF-α on tumor migration, proliferation, matrix degradation, tumor metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Through binding to receptors, TNF-α participates in activating multiple cell signaling cascades that link inflammation, survival and evolution towards breast cancer. TNF-α is an important agent for tumor biotherapy, but its clinical application is limited for its severe fatal systemic toxicity. The poly-lactic acid microspheres (PLAM) with intratumoral cytokine release hold tremendous potential for the immunotherapy of breast cancer, and TNF-α antagonists may offer therapeutic potential in solid tumors. In addition, TNF-α is related with the blockage of estrogen and progesterone receptors. For breast cancer treatment, it is necessary to understand the molecular signaling pathways that mediate TNF-α and the aggressive behavior of negative breast cancer. The aim of present review is to summarize the effect of TNF-α on breast cancer cells.
authors.forename: Dongwu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 255049, Zibo, China. 12chen@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha