title: Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for treatment of superficial traumatic pseudoaneurysms and associated expanding hematomas: experience in five patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiography allows for excellent characterization and treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysms. However, ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for pseudoaneurysm thrombosis allows for radiation-free treatment of superficial pseudoaneurysms and superficial expanding hematomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 5 patient cases treated under this paradigm was performed following institutional review board approval. Outcomes following intervention were recorded and compared amongst the patient cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound-guided closure of traumatic pseudoaneurysms allowed for reduced procedural times and procedural invasiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As demonstrated by the following cases, ultrasound guided thrombin injection is a good method of primary treatment for superficial pseudoaneurysms, or as an alternative treatment in cases where transcatheter embolization fails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
authors.forename: Sri Hari
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6017-3603
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sundararajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.affiliation: Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA ; University Radiology Group, East Brunswick, NJ USA.
authors.forename: Vyacheslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gendel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA ; University Radiology Group, East Brunswick, NJ USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gribbin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA ; University Radiology Group, East Brunswick, NJ USA.
authors.forename: Sudipta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roychowdhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA ; University Radiology Group, East Brunswick, NJ USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nosher
keywords: Hematoma; Pseudoaneurysm; Superficial; Thrombin; Ultrasound