title: Monte Carlo Modeling of Computed Tomography Ceiling Scatter for Shielding Calculations.
abstract: Radiation protection for clinical staff and members of the public is of paramount importance, particularly in occupied areas adjacent to computed tomography scanner suites. Increased patient workloads and the adoption of multi-slice scanning systems may make unshielded secondary scatter from ceiling surfaces a significant contributor to dose. The present paper expands upon an existing analytical model for calculating ceiling scatter accounting for variable room geometries and provides calibration data for a range of clinical beam qualities. The practical effect of gantry, false ceiling, and wall attenuation in limiting ceiling scatter is also explored and incorporated into the model. Monte Carlo simulations were used to calibrate the model for scatter from both concrete and lead surfaces. Gantry attenuation experimental data showed an effective blocking of scatter directed toward the ceiling at angles up to 20-30° from the vertical for the scanners examined. The contribution of ceiling scatter from computed tomography operation to the effective dose of individuals in areas surrounding the scanner suite could be significant and therefore should be considered in shielding design according to the proposed analytical model.
authors.affiliation: *Biomedical Technology Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Queensland, Australia 4032; †Biomedical Technology Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia 4101.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schick
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects*