title: The effect of temperature change on the microbial diversity and community structure along the chronosequence of the sub-arctic glacier forefield of Styggedalsbreen (Norway).
abstract: Microbial communities in the glacier forefield of Styggedalsbreen, Norway, were investigated along a chronosequence from newly exposed soil to vegetated soils using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In order to monitor the short-term effect of temperature on community successions along the soil gradient, the soil samples were incubated at three different temperatures (5°C, 10°C and 22°C). The microbial community composition along the chronosequence differed according to distance from the glacial terminus and incubation temperature. Samples close to the glacier terminus were dominated by Proteobacteria at 5°C and 10°C, while at 22°C members of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in addition to Proteobacteria accounted for most of the diversity, indicating that sites close to the glacier terminus are more closely related to former subglacial environments. Within the Archaea domain, members of the phylum Euryarchaeota dominated in samples closer to the glacier terminus with a shift to members of the phyla Thaumarchaeota-Crenarchaeota with increased soil age. Our data indicate that composition and diversity of the microbial communities along the glacier forefield depend not only on exposure time but are also to a large degree influenced by soil surface temperature and soil maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway Faculty of Engineering and Science, Sogn og Fjordane University College, NO-6851, Sogndal, Norway alejandro.mateos.rivera@hisf.no.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mateos-Rivera
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Science, Sogn og Fjordane University College, NO-6851, Sogndal, Norway.
authors.forename: Jacob C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yde
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kai W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Finster
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Laila J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Reigstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Øvreås
mesh_terms: D061271:Acidobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001110:Arctic Regions; D001483:Base Sequence; D041862:Chloroflexi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019615:Crenarchaeota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004777:Environment; D057232:Global Warming; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D046448:Ice Cover / Q000382:microbiology*; D008011:Lichens / Q000145:classification; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D009664:Norway; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D061327:Verrucomicrobia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil
keywords: 16S rRNA gene; Styggedalsbreen; chronosequence; glacier forefield; microbial succession; next-generation sequencing