title: Antioxidant activity and peroxidase inhibition of Amazonian plants extracts traditionally used as anti-inflammatory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world and is home to a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants. Several of these plants are used by the local population for the treatment of diseases, many of those with probable anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-peroxidases potential of the ethanol extracts of five plants from the Brazilian Amazon (Byrsonima japurensis, Calycophyllum spruceanum, Maytenus guyanensis, Passiflora nitida and Ptychopetalum olacoides).
  
  
  METHODS
  DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical, singlet oxygen and the β-carotene bleaching methods were employed for characterization of free radical scavenging activity. Also, total polyphenols were determined. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using murine fibroblast NIH3T3 cell. Inhibition of HRP and MPO were evaluated using amplex red® as susbtract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stem bark extracts of C. spruceanum and M. guyanensis provided the highest free radical scavenging activities. C. spruceanum exhibited IC50 = 7.5 ± 0.9, 5.0 ± 0.1, 18.2 ± 3.0 and 92.4 ± 24.8 μg/mL for DPPH(•), ABTS(+•), O2 (-•) and (1)O2 assays, respectively. P. olacoides and C. spruceanum extracts also inhibited free radicals formation in the cell-based assay. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the extracts of C. spruceanum, B. japurensis inhibited horseradish peroxidase by 62 and 50 %, respectively. C. spruceanum, M. guyanensis, B. japurensis also inhibited myeloperoxidase in 72, 67 and 56 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work supports the folk use these species that inhibited peroxidases and exhibited significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities what can be related to treatment of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, Bairro Aparecida, Cep: 69010-300, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: de Vargas
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, Bairro Aparecida, Cep: 69010-300, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia D O
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, Bairro Aparecida, Cep: 69010-300, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula A
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Boleti
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, Bairro Aparecida, Cep: 69010-300, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, Bairro Aparecida, Cep: 69010-300, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, Bairro Aparecida, Cep: 69010-300, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marne C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Vasconcellos
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação-CoTI, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Avenida André Araújo, Petrópolis, CEP: 69067375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cecilia Veronica
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação-CoTI, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Avenida André Araújo, Petrópolis, CEP: 69067375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pohlit
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330, Bairro Aparecida, Cep: 69010-300, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. eslima@ufam.edu.br.
authors.forename: Emerson S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D006801:Humans; D029581:Malpighiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D029755:Maytenus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D031656:Olacaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D029598:Passiflora / Q000737:chemistry*; D009195:Peroxidase; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D010544:Peroxidases; D009195:Peroxidase