title: Sewage sludge hazardous assessment: chemical evaluation and cytological effects in CHO-k1 cells.
abstract: Application of sewage sludge in agricultural lands is a growing practice in several countries due to its numerous benefits to soil and crops, where chemical and pathogen levels are determined by corresponding legislation. However, the presence of contaminants in residues must always be controlled before application due to their dangerous effects over the ecosystem and potential risks to human health. The main objective of this study was to integrate biological and chemical analysis in order to help elucidating the residue potential toxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects. We evaluate samples of sewage sludge before and after the sanitizing treatment with lime in cytokinesis-block assay using CHO-k1 culture cells. The sanitizing treatment promoted a decrease in pathogen levels, which is the main purpose of this process. Even with chemical levels below the established by environmental agencies, results showed sewage sludge ability to enhance genotoxic and mutagenic effects, proving that residue should be handled with caution in order to minimize its environmental and human risk.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morozesk
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), CEP 29075-910, Av. Fernando Ferrari, n 514, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. siltamie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D003412:Cricetulus; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D006801:Humans; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Agricultural application; Cell viability; Lime treatment; Micronucleus assay; Mutagenicity; Toxicity