title: Amorphous Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Paper for Ultrastable Sodium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: As the most promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), elemental phosphorus (P) has recently gained a lot of interest due to its extraordinary theoretical capacity of 2596 mAh/g. The main drawback of a P anode is its low conductivity and rapid structural degradation caused by the enormous volume expansion (>490%) during cycling. Here, we redesigned the anode structure by using an innovative methodology to fabricate flexible paper made of nitrogen-doped graphene and amorphous phosphorus that effectively tackles this problem. The restructured anode exhibits an ultrastable cyclic performance and excellent rate capability (809 mAh/g at 1500 mA/g). The excellent structural integrity of the novel anode was further visualized during cycling by using in situ experiments inside a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and the associated sodiation/desodiation mechanism was also thoroughly investigated. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the N-doped graphene not only contributes to an increase in capacity for sodium storage but also is beneficial in regards to improved rate performance of the anode.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.|School of Sciences, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Shaoxing University , Shaoxing 312000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qifeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xizheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Qunhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiangwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Sciences, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: School of Sciences, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kejian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golberg
keywords: amorphous phosphorus; anode; in-situ TEM; phase-transformation; sodium-ion battery