title: Combined untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling reveals urinary biomarkers for discriminating obese from normal-weight adolescents.
abstract: Childhood and adolescent obesity may lead to obesity and related complications in adulthood. Biomarkers of obesity can be useful for screening for obesity complications and promoting early intervention during school age. Thus, the metabolomic differences in obese children and adolescents should be investigated for identification of potential biomarkers.
  
  
  
  We investigated urinary biomarkers to distinguish metabolomic characteristics between obesity and normal weight in adolescents.
  
  
  
  Adolescent subjects were divided into non-obese (n = 91) and obese (n = 93) groups according to body mass index. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling of urine was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (LC)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS), LC-MS/MS and flow injection analysis-MS/MS systems, respectively.
  
  
  
  Multivariate statistical analysis showed clear discrimination between the untargeted metabolomes of non-obese and obese groups. Seven endogenous metabolites were distinguished in the obese group, and inflammation-related metabolite markers showed strong predictive power for group classification. From targeted metabolomics, 45 metabolites mostly related to inflammation were significantly different in the obese group.
  
  
  
  Significantly different metabolome signatures were identified between normal-weight and obese adolescents. Combined untargeted and targeted metabolomics demonstrated that inflammation-driven insulin resistance, ammonia toxicity and oxidative stress may represent crucial metabolomic signatures in obese adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Obesity Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K-S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012042:Registries; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Adolescent obesity; biomarker; inflammation; metabolome