title: Facile Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin-Film by One-Step Pulsed Hybrid Electrophoretic and Electroplating Deposition.
abstract: The use of costly and rare metals such as indium and gallium in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells has motivated research into the use of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) as a suitable replacement due to its non-toxicity, abundance of compositional elements and excellent optical properties (1.5 eV direct band gap and absorption coefficient of ~10(4) cm(-1)). In this study, we demonstrate a one-step pulsed hybrid electrodeposition method (PHED), which combines electrophoretic and electroplating deposition to deposit uniform CZTS thin-films. Through careful analysis and optimization, we are able to demonstrate CZTS solar cells with the VOC, JSC, FF and η of 350 mV, 3.90 mA/cm(2), 0.43 and 0.59%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.|Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ze
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiming M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Tao-yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hwen-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chueh