title: In situ hydrodynamic spectroscopy for structure characterization of porous energy storage electrodes.
abstract: A primary atomic-scale effect accompanying Li-ion insertion into rechargeable battery electrodes is a significant intercalation-induced change of the unit cell volume of the crystalline material. This generates a variety of secondary multiscale dimensional changes and causes a deterioration in the energy storage performance stability. Although traditional in situ height-sensing techniques (atomic force microscopy or electrochemical dilatometry) are able to sense electrode thickness changes at a nanometre scale, they are much less informative concerning intercalation-induced changes of the porous electrode structure at a mesoscopic scale. Based on a electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring on multiple overtone orders, herein we introduce an in situ hydrodynamic spectroscopic method for porous electrode structure characterization. This new method will enable future developments and applications in the fields of battery and supercapacitor research, especially for diagnostics of viscoelastic properties of binders for composite electrodes and probing the micromechanical stability of their internal electrode porous structure and interfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Netanel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shpigel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Mikhael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sigalov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Girshevitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aurbach
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daikhin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Piret
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pikma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.|Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14C, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Margus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marandi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Alar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jänes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Enn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lust
authors.affiliation: INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8666-0736
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jäckel
authors.affiliation: INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Presser