title: Effects of coffee consumption on serum uric acid: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study results on the effects of coffee consumption on serum uric acid (UA) have been conflicting. The aim of this study is to analyze the literature regarding the effect of coffee consumption on serum UA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and KoreaMed for all articles published before January 2015. Studies with quantitative data on coffee consumption and serum UA level were included. Coffee consumption and serum UA level were identified with/without the risk of gout.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine studies published between 1999 and 2014 were included, containing a total of 175,310 subjects. Meta-analysis demonstrated that coffee has a significantly lowering effect on serum UA, where there are gender differences in the amount of coffee required to lower serum UA. Women (4-6 cups/day) need more coffee to lower serum UA than men (1-3 cups/day). Meta-analysis showed that coffee intake of 1 cup/day or more was significantly associated with reduction of the risk of gout, with a negative correlation with the amount of daily coffee intake for both genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first systematic review on the effects of coffee consumption on serum UA. Based on our study, moderate coffee intake might be advocated for primary prevention of hyperuricemia and gout in both genders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: syyim@ajou.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Shin-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: junjb@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jun
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Beverages; Caffeine; Coffee; Gout; Hyperuricemia; Uric acid