title: Platelet-Rich Plasma Influences Expansion and Paracrine Function of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in a Dose-Dependent Fashion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipofilling is a treatment modality to restore tissue volume. Both platelet-rich plasma and adipose-derived stromal cells have been reported to augment the efficacy of lipofilling, yet results are not conclusive. The authors hypothesized that the variation reported in literature is caused by a dose-dependent influence of platelet-rich plasma on adipose-derived stromal cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood (n = 3) was used to generate platelet-rich plasma, which was diluted with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium to 15%, 5%, and 1.7%, with 15% platelet-poor plasma and 10% fetal calf serum as controls. Pooled adipose-derived stromal cells (n = 3) were cultured in these media. Gene expression was assessed, along with angiogenic sprouting of endothelial cells by conditioned medium and platelet-rich plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  platelet-rich plasma in culture medium affected the expression of genes in a dose-dependent manner. The 15% concentration stimulated proliferation almost eightfold. Mesenchymal markers were unaffected. Interestingly, expression of collagens type 1 and 3 increased at lower concentrations, whereas transforming growth factor-β showed reduced expression in lower concentrations. Proangiogenic gene expression was unaltered or strongly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. platelet-rich plasma promoted endothelial sprouting and survival in a dose-dependent manner; however, conditioned medium from adipose-derived stromal cells exposed to platelet-rich plasma blocked endothelial sprouting capabilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose-dependent influence of platelet-rich plasma on the therapeutic capacity of adipose-derived stromal cells conditioned medium in vitro warrants caution in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Groningen, The Hague, and Heerenveen, The Netherlands From the Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology and Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen; and Bergman Clinics.
authors.forename: Joep C N
authors.initials: JCN
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Maroesjka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiekman
authors.forename: H P Jeroen
authors.initials: HPJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Berend
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van der Lei
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Harmsen
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics*; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned