title: Soluble α-klotho is a potential biomarker associated with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: A reduced level of the single-pass transmembrane protein α-Klotho is known to be associated with neuronal damage. We investigated whether α-Klotho in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be a candidate marker for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). We analyzed the laboratory data, symptoms and radiological image findings of 34 NPSLE patients. Patients with SLE without neuropsychiatric manifestations (SLE) (n=25), and patients with viral meningitis (VM) (n=19), multiple sclerosis (MS) (n=20) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (n=20) were included as controls. The multivariable analyses revealed that lower CSF α-Klotho level, lower serum anti-Smith antibodies (U/mL) and higher serum C3 (mg/dL) were significant factors for predicting NPSLE. The CSF α-Klotho levels of the NPSLE patients were inversely correlated with the level of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Our data suggested that the determination of CSF α-Klotho levels will contribute to the diagnosis of NPSLE and help elucidate the mechanisms underlying this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushigusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. Electronic address: kichinos@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuntaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michitsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kawashiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Origuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins
keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; biomarker; cerebrospinal fluid; neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus; serum; α-Klotho