title: Shrimp miRNAs regulate innate immune response against white spot syndrome virus infection.
abstract: MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs of RNA interference pathways that regulate gene expression through partial complementary base-pairing to target mRNAs. In this study, miRNAs that are expressed in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-infected Penaeus monodon, were identified using next generation sequencing. Forty-six miRNA homologs were identified from WSSV-infected shrimp hemocyte. Stem-loop real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that 11 out of 16 selected miRNAs were differentially expressed upon WSSV infection. Of those, pmo-miR-315 and pmo-miR-750 were highly responsive miRNAs. miRNA target prediction revealed that the miRNAs were targeted at 5'UTR, ORF, and 3'UTR of several immune-related genes such as genes encoding antimicrobial peptides, signaling transduction proteins, heat shock proteins, oxidative stress proteins, proteinases or proteinase inhibitors, proteins in blood clotting system, apoptosis-related proteins, proteins in prophenoloxidase system, pattern recognition proteins and other immune molecules. The highly conserved miRNA homolog, pmo-bantam, was characterized for its function in shrimp. The pmo-bantam was predicted to target the 3'UTR of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (KuSPI). Binding of pmo-bantam to the target sequence of KuSPI gene was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. Correlation of pmo-bantam and KuSPI expression was observed in lymphoid organ of WSSV-infected shrimp. These results implied that miRNAs might play roles as immune gene regulators in shrimp antiviral response.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Napol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaewkascholkul
authors.affiliation: Software Engineering Program, International College, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kulwadee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Somboonviwat
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirono
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Omics Science and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tassanakajon
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Omics Science and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: kunlaya.s@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Kunlaya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Somboonwiwat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000276:immunology; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Black tiger shrimp; Penaeus monodon; RNA interference; Shrimp immunity; White spot syndrome virus; microRNA