title: Cytotoxic characteristics of biodegradable EW10X04 Mg alloy after Nd coating and subsequent heat treatment.
abstract: Porous Mg scaffolds are considered as potential bone growth promoting materials. Unfortunately, the high rate of biocorrosion inherent to Mg alloys may cause a premature loss of mechanical strength, excessive evolution of hydrogen gas, and a rapidly shifting surface topography, all of which may hinder the ability of native cells to attach and grow on the implant surface. Here we investigated the cell cytotoxicity effects during corrosion of a novel magnesium alloy, EW10X04 (Mg-1.2%Nd-0.5%Y-0.5%Zr-0.4%Ca), following diffusion coating (DC) and heat treatment to reduce the corrosion rate. Cells were exposed either to corrosion products or to the corroding scaffold surface, in vitro. The microstructure characterization of the scaffold surface was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with a Noran energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Phase analyses were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). We found that cell viability, growth, and adhesion were all improved when cultured on the EW10X04+DC surface or under corrosion product extracts due to lower corrosion rates relative to the EW10X04 control samples. It is therefore believed that the tested alloy after Nd coating and heat treatment may introduce a good balance between its biodegradation characteristics and cytotoxic effects towards cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katarivas Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Razi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vago
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aghion
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003343:Corrosion; D004058:Diffusion; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009354:Neodymium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D009354:Neodymium; D014025:Titanium; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Biocorrosion; Bone tissue engineering; Diffusion coating; Magnesium alloys; Scaffolds