title: Three-dimensional Evaluation of Nasal Surgery in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder and is characterized by airway collapse at multiple levels of upper airway. The effectiveness of nasal surgery has been discussed in several studies and shows a promising growing interest. In this study, we intended to evaluate the effects of nasal surgery on the upper airway dimensions in patients with OSA using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with moderate to severe OSA who underwent nasal surgery were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed with OSA using polysomnography (PSG) in multi sleep health centers associated with Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Partners Health Care from May 31, 2011 to December 14, 2013. The effect of nasal surgery was evaluated by the examination of PSG, subjective complains, and 3D reconstructed CT scan. Cross-sectional area was measured in eleven coronal levels, and nasal cavity volume was evaluated from anterior nasal spine to posterior nasal spine. The thickness of soft tissue in oral pharynx region was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five out of the 12 patients were successfully treated by nasal surgery, with more than 50% drop of apnea-hypopnea index. All the 12 patients showed significant increase of cross-sectional area and volume postoperatively. The thickness of soft tissue in oral pharynx region revealed significant decrease postoperatively, which decreased from 19.14 ± 2.40 cm 2 and 6.11 ± 1.76 cm 2 to 17.13 ± 1.91 cm 2 and 5.22 ± 1.20 cm 2 .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal surgery improved OSA severity as measured by PSG, subjective complaints, and 3D reconstructed CT scan. 3D assessment of upper airway can play an important role in the evaluation of treatment outcome.
authors.forename: Dan-Mo
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730; Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: De-Min
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Busaba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: Chang-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Min-Min
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures; D011788:Quality of Life; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*