title: Comparison of clinical outcomes among 3 marking methods for toric intraocular lens implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical outcomes of 3 marking methods for toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 48 eyes of 48 cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery with toric IOL implantation. The rotational errors of 3 marking methods-the iris pattern marking method (iris pattern group), the pendulum marking method (pendulum group), and the 3-point marking method (3-point group)-were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respective rotational errors were 4.0° ± 3.1° (mean ± SD), 5.3° ± 4.1°, and 7.3° ± 6.0°. The iris pattern group had significantly (P = 0.048) smaller rotational errors than did the 3-point group; no significant difference was found between the iris pattern and pendulum groups. However, the differences in postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity and astigmatism did not reach significance among the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The refractive and visual results of toric IOL implantation using the 3-point marking method were comparable to the other methods evaluated in this study, although the accuracy of the axis alignment of the toric IOLs was significantly lower than that obtained with the iris pattern method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidemasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. fwic7788@mb.infoweb.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Axis marking; Refractive visual outcomes; Toric intraocular lens