title: Changes in antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein isolates due to germination and enzymatic digestion.
abstract: Germination is an inexpensive process to improve the nutritional properties of legumes. The effect of germinating black bean seeds on the production of cotyledon protein hydrolysates (CPH) with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities was analyzed in this research. After simulated enzymatic digestion, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of CPH obtained from germinated black beans was lower than that observed for raw cotyledons. There were no significant differences among CPH cellular antioxidant activities (CAA), except for the high CAA of the 120 min hydrolysate obtained from one day germinated black bean cotyledons. The most significant changes due to germination and enzymatic hydrolysis were observed for the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages. The NO synthesis inhibition observed for raw CPH was reduced after simulated gastrointestinal digestion but for germinated samples the inhibition was doubled. Peptides derived from cell wall proteins produced during germination could be responsible of antiinflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Barrios
authors.affiliation: Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antunes-Ricardo
authors.affiliation: Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico. Electronic address: jagu@itesm.mx.
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Uribe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000737:chemistry; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D018525:Germination; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010194:Pancreatin / Q000737:chemistry; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000737:chemistry; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010194:Pancreatin; D010434:Pepsin A
keywords: Antiinflammatory activity; Antioxidant activity; Germination; Hydrolysates; Peptide