title: Citrinin mycotoxin recognition and removal by naked magnetic nanoparticles.
abstract: Citrinin is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin which can be synthesized by Monascus mold during the fermentation process in foods. Monascus, generally described as red mold, is a red-pigmented filamentous fungus attracting a great interest for the production of natural dyes and cholesterol-lowering statins. We individuated a specie of Monascus producing high amount of natural dyes. However, this high pigmentation was correlated with the production of citrinin. Peculiar magnetic nanoparticles, synthesized in-house and called "Surface Active Maghemite Nanoparticles" (SAMNs), are proposed as an efficient and reliable mean for citrinin removal from Monascus treated foods. The nanomaterial efficiency for citrinin binding was proved on Monascus suspensions, and SAMN@citrinin complex was characterized by Mӧssbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements, showing that SAMNs resulted structurally and magnetically well conserved after citrinin binding. SAMNs are excellent and stable magnetic nano-carrier for toxin removal, which can be applied in food industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Esteves
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonaiuto
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baratella
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Milo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terzo
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakubec
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Klára
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Čépe
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
authors.forename: Glaucia Maria Falcao de
authors.initials: GMF
authors.lastname: Aragao
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zboril
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: fabio.vianello@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vianello
mesh_terms: D002953:Citrinin / Q000032:analysis*; D005285:Fermentation; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D032741:Monascus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D015204:Spectroscopy, Mossbauer; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D002953:Citrinin
keywords: Citrinin; Food safety; Magnetic nanoparticles; Monascus; Mycotoxin removal; Natural dyes