title: A circulating non-coding RNA panel as an early detection predictor of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis is generally poor due to the lack of convenient and noninvasive tools. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) are non-coding RNAs, that have attracted increased attention for their use as NSCLC tumor diagnostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed a serum miRNA and MALAT1 non-coding RNA panel and tested its diagnostic performance as an NSCLC biomarker. We tested the expression of 11 candidate miRNAs and MALAT1 in a training set (36 NSCLCs vs. 36 controls) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. The serum non-coding RNA panel's diagnostic efficiency was tested and validated in a second validation sample set (120 NSCLCs and 71 controls) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the training set, the expression of the four non-coding RNAs (miR-1254, miR-485-5p, miR-574-5p, and MALAT1) was obviously different between the NSCLC patients and healthy controls. Risk score analysis revealed that the four non-coding RNA panel can distinguish NSCLC patient samples from controls. The ROC curve results revealed areas under the curves (AUCs) of 0.861 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.771-0.952) and 0.844 (95% CI0.778-0.910) for the training set and validation set, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four non-coding RNA risk scores were also associated with NSCLC progression, and its diagnostic efficiency was relatively high for stages I/II/III. In conclusion, these data indicate that the four non-coding RNA panel can serve as a convenient tool for early NSCLC diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, China. Electronic address: 389581415@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yanlin@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China. Electronic address: luoqing730@126.com.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. Electronic address: huangpumc@163.com.
authors.forename: Chang-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C557041:MALAT1 long non-coding RNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: Diagnostic efficiency; Non-coding RNA; Non-small cell lung cancer; Risk score; Serum