title: Nonlethal Levels of Zeaxanthin Inhibit Cell Migration, Invasion, and Secretion of MMP-2 via NF-κB Pathway in Cultured Human Uveal Melanoma Cells.
abstract: Zeaxanthin at nonlethal dosages (3-10 μM) significantly inhibited the cell migration of cultured uveal melanoma cells (C918 cell line) as determined by wound healing assay and Boyden chamber assay. Matrigel invasion assay showed that cell invasion of uveal melanoma cells could be significantly inhibited by zeaxanthin. Secretion of MMP-2 by melanoma cells was significantly inhibited by zeaxanthin in a dose-dependent manner as measured by ELISA kit. Zeaxanthin also significantly inhibited the NF-κB levels in nuclear extracts of the UM cells, which is the upstream of the MMP-2 secretion. These results suggest that zeaxanthin might be a potentially therapeutic approach in the prevention of metastasis in uveal melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Tissue Culture Center, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Chao
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hose
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Cai-Lian
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tissue Culture Center, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sassoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song