title: The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Risk in French Middle-Aged Adults in a Prospective Study.
abstract: Chronic inflammation is one of the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. Diet is a major source of pro- and anti-inflammatory compounds. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was designed to estimate its overall inflammatory potential.
  
  
  
  Our objective was to investigate the associations between the DII and overall, breast, and prostate cancer risks.
  
  
  
  This prospective study included 6542 participants [3771 women and 2771 men with a mean ± SD age of 49.2 ± 6.4 y and a BMI (in kg/m2) of 24.0 ± 3.6 at baseline] from the Supplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort who completed at least six 24-h dietary records during the first 2 y of follow-up. The DII was based on 36 food variables. Higher scores corresponded to more proinflammatory diets. A total of 559 incident cancers were diagnosed (median follow-up, 12.6 y), including 158 female breast and 123 prostate cancers (the 2 main cancer sites in this cohort). Associations were characterized by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Stratified analyses were performed according to the median of usual daily alcohol intake.
  
  
  
  Sex-specific quartiles of the DII were positively associated with prostate cancer risk [quartile (Q) 4 compared with Q1, HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.09] but not with overall or breast cancer risks. There was an interaction between the DII and alcohol intake (grams per day) on overall cancer risk (P-interaction = 0.02): the DII was positively associated with overall cancer risk in low-to-moderate alcohol drinkers (Q4 compared with Q1 HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.68; P-trend = 0.02), whereas no association was detected in higher consumers of alcohol (P-trend = 0.8). This interaction was also observed for breast cancer (P-interaction = 0.001).
  
  
  
  Consistent with mechanistic data, findings from this study indicated that proinflammatory diets are associated with increased prostate cancer risk and, in low-to-moderate alcohol drinkers, with increased overall and breast cancer risk. The SU.VI.MAX trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272428.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Graffouillère
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deschasaux
authors.affiliation: UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, Research Center in Human Nutrition from the Ile-de-France region, Paris, France; UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra), Research Center in Human Nutrition from the Ile-de-France region, Paris, France;
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mariotti
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Lola
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neufcourt
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Connecting Health Innovations, Columbia, SC; and.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shivappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Connecting Health Innovations, Columbia, SC; and.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Connecting Health Innovations, Columbia, SC; and.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latino-Martel
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France; Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hercberg
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France; Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Julia
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France;
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kesse-Guyot
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (Cnam), Paris 5, 7, 13 Universities, Bobigny, France; m.touvier@eren.smbh.univ-paris13.fr.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touvier
keywords: Dietary Inflammatory Index; cancer; diet; inflammation; prospective study