title: Predictor of massive bleeding following stent placement for malignant oesophageal stricture/fistulae: a multicentre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate retrospectively the incidence and predictors of massive bleeding after stent placement for malignant oesophageal stricture/fistulae.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study comprised 519 patients with malignant oesophageal stricture/fistulae that were successfully treated with stent placement at three hospitals. The patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of massive bleeding. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate predictive factors of massive bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Massive bleeding occurred in 54 of 519 patients 1-37 days following stent placement. All of the patients who developed massive bleeding died within 24 hours of the event. Univariate analysis showed massive bleeding was associated with the presence of a concomitant tracheal stent (p<0.001), the existence of concomitant oesophageal fistulae (p<0.001), and prior radiotherapy (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis exhibited that concomitant tracheal stent insertion (odds ratio [OR], 23.134; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.523-56.199; p<0.001), the presence of oesophageal fistulae (OR, 3.724; 95% CI, 1.677-8.269; p=0.001), and prior radiotherapy (OR, 13.310; 95% CI, 5.464-32.421; p<0.001) were predictors of massive bleeding following stenting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of oesophageal fistulae, prior radiotherapy, and concomitant tracheal stent are important factors contributing to bleeding after stenting.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Intervention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Electronic address: 15038011588@163.com.
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: T-X
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Center, Shanghai ST. Luke's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: A-W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Center, Shanghai ST. Luke's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: G-S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Y-D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention, Gongyi People's Hospital, Henan, China.
authors.forename: X-S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004937:Esophageal Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*