title: Nutritional information and health warnings on wine labels: Exploring consumer interest and preferences.
abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the current debate on the inclusion of nutritional information and health warnings on wine labels, exploring consumers' interest and preferences. The results of a survey conducted on a sample of Italian wine consumers (N = 300) show the strong interest of respondents in the inclusion of such information on the label. Conjoint analysis reveals that consumers assign greater utility to health warnings, followed by nutritional information. Cluster analysis shows the existence of three different consumer segments. The first cluster, which included mainly female consumers (over 55) and those with high wine involvement, revealed greater awareness of the links between wine and health and better knowledge of wine nutritional properties, preferring a more detailed nutritional label, such as a panel with GDA%. By contrast, the other two clusters, consisting of individuals who generally find it more difficult to understand nutritional labels, preferred the less detailed label of a glass showing calories. The second and largest cluster comprising mainly younger men (under 44), showed the highest interest in health warnings while the third cluster - with a relatively low level of education - preferred the specification of the number of glasses not to exceed. Our results support the idea that the policy maker should consider introducing a mandatory nutritional label in the easier-to-implement and not-too-costly form of a glass with calories, rotating health warnings and the maximum number of glasses not to exceed.
authors.affiliation: University of Naples "Parthenope", Department of Economic and Legal Studies, Italy. Electronic address: azzurra.annunziata@uniparthenope.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Annunziata
authors.affiliation: University of Padua, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pomarici
authors.affiliation: University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Science, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vecchio
authors.affiliation: University of Naples "Parthenope", Department of Economic and Legal Studies, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014920:Wine; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Consumer preferences; Health warnings; Nutritional information; Wine