title: Biomolecular features of inflammation in obese rheumatoid arthritis patients: management considerations.
abstract: Adipose tissue is an active organ playing a role not only in metabolism but also in immune and inflammatory processes, releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators. This can explain the possible association between obesity and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its role in the progression of the disease. Adipose and synovial tissues share common histological features of local inflammation in terms of activation of target tissues infiltrating cells (i.e. myeloid cells). Among the so-called adipocytokines, PEDF and Chemerin orchestrate the cellular cross-talk between adipose and myeloid cells, being possible biomarkers to monitor the effect of weight loss or the decrease of adipose tissue in patients with RA. Moreover, dietary intervention has been demonstrated to reduce Chemerin as well as IL-6 and MCP-1 expression. Finally, epigenetic regulators such as micro-RNAs (i.e. miR-155) are key regulators of myeloid cells activation in RA and obesity as well as in adipocytes. In this review, we will summarize the biological link between obesity/overweight state and RA focusing on pathophysiological mechanisms, consequences and management considerations.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tolusso
authors.affiliation: a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alivernini
authors.affiliation: a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gigante
authors.affiliation: a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.affiliation: a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gremese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D005136:Eye Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor; C524942:MIRN155 microRNA, human; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human
keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; adipocytokines; adipose tissue; inflammation; myeloid cells; treatment response; weight loss