title: Successful Isavuconazole therapy in a patient with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of acute invasive Mucorales rhinosinusitis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and diabetes mellitus. To provide a literature review on the role of Isavuconazole in the management of invasive Mucorales rhinosinusitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted on August 9, 2015 using PubMed database. The keywords isavuconazole and invasive fungal rhinosinusitis were employed to identify original scientific manuscripts that describe the use of Isavuconazole in patients with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis or rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial search yielded 35 articles with only 1 article (case report) describing the clinical use of Isavuconazole in a patient with invasive Mucorales rhinosinusitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare, life-threatening infection with mortality rates reported to range from 30-83%. Successful treatment depends on early surgical debridement, systemic anti-fungal therapy, and correction of predisposing conditions. Isavuconazole (Cresemba), a newly approved antifungal, is safe and clinically effective in treating invasive mucormycosis. This important new therapy should be considered for patients with invasive Mucorales rhinosinusitis that is refractory or intolerant to Amphotericin B.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1701 W. Charleston Blvd. Suite 490, Las Vegas, NV, USA. Electronic address: YAhmed@medicine.nevada.edu.
authors.forename: Yasmina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Suite 204, Los Angeles CA, USA. Electronic address: Sean.Delaney@med.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Suite 204, Los Angeles CA, USA. Electronic address: Alexander.Markarian@med.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markarian
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D006678:HIV; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D011725:Pyridines; D014230:Triazoles; C508735:isavuconazole