title: Waste bones ash as an alternative source of P for struvite precipitation.
abstract: Struvite precipitation has been widely applied for the removal of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) from wastewater. Due to the high cost of phosphorus (P) reagents, the current research trend was directed to find alternative sources of P, in order to maintain a sustainable NH4-N removal process. The current study investigated waste bones ashes as alternative sources of P. Different types of bones' ashes were characterized, in which the ash produced from waste fish bones was the highest in P content (17%wt.). The optimization of the factors affecting P extraction from ash by acidic leaching showed that applying 2M H2SO4and 1.25 kg H2SO4/kg ash achieved the highest P recovery (95%). Thereafter, the recovered P was successfully used in struvite precipitation, which achieved more than 90% NH4-N removal and high purity struvite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: azmi.aris@utm.my.
authors.forename: Azmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aris
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Hafiz
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Puteh
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M N H
authors.initials: MNH
authors.lastname: Jusoh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdul Kadir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D010758:Phosphorus; D000069877:Struvite; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D010758:Phosphorus; D000069877:Struvite; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Acidic leaching; Phosphorus; Struvite; Waste bone ash