title: Biostability enhancement of oil core - polysaccharide multilayer shell via photoinitiator free thiol-ene 'click' reaction.
abstract: Layer-by-layer of polyelectrolytes has emerged as one of the easiest and most controlled techniques to deposit ultrathin polymer layers mainly driven by electrostatic interactions. However, this kind of interaction results to be weak and easily breakable in physiological environment. Here we report on the preparation of nanocapsules completely made of natural biomaterials: a lipophilic core (soybean oil and egg lecithin as surfactant) as nanometric template and a polysaccharide-based multilayer shell (glycol chitosan and heparin) covalently cross-linked. We first modified glycol chitosan with a thiol moiety and heparin with an alkene moiety, respectively, and then we built a polymer multilayer film with a covalent cross-linkage among layers, exploiting the light initiated thiol-ene reaction, known as click chemistry. We showed the possibility to perform the covalent cross-linkage without any photoinitiator or metal catalyst, thus avoiding cytotoxic effects and further purification steps. The so realized nanocapsules resulted to be stable and completely biocompatible and, therefore, of interest for the biotechnology fields, mainly for drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federivo II, Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calcagno
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federivo II, Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: raffaele.vecchione@iit.it.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vecchione
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federivo II, Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagliano
authors.affiliation: Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carella
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federivo II, Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guarnieri
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federivo II, Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raiola
authors.affiliation: Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roviello
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federivo II, Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, CRIB, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Netti
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D057930:Click Chemistry; D004655:Emulsions; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004655:Emulsions; D054709:Lecithins; D053769:Nanocapsules; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013024:Soybean Oil; D006493:Heparin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Biocompatible polymers; Glycol chitosan; Layer by layer; Oil-in-water nanoemulsion; Thiol-ene click chemistry; Thiolated chitosan