title: Degradation of Verapamil hydrochloride in water by gliding arc discharge.
abstract: This study investigated the influence of gliding arc plasma discharge on the degradation of Verapamil hydrochloride in water. The plasma discharge was characterized by means of optical emission spectroscopy. Spectra of various atomic and molecular species were observed. Aqueous solution of Verapamil hydrochloride was exposed to gliding arc discharge operated in continuous discharge at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The identification of Verapamil, the degradation mechanisms of Verapamil and its transformation products were performed using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Experimental results indicate that the atmospheric pressure gliding arc plasma treatment has noticeable effects on Verapamil with satisfactory degradation efficiency. Plausible mechanisms of the degradation were discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: syambalakrishna@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Syam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR v.v.i., Za Slovankou 3, 18200 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maslani
authors.affiliation: Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izdebski
authors.affiliation: Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Karlovo nam. 13, 121 35 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horakova
authors.affiliation: University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Sarka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klementova
authors.affiliation: Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Karlovo nam. 13, 121 35 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spatenka
mesh_terms: D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004563:Electrochemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D014700:Verapamil / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014700:Verapamil
keywords: Degradation mechanism; Emission spectroscopy; Gliding arc discharge; Half-life; Pharmaceuticals