title: Engineering a multi-biofunctional composite using poly(ethylenimine) decorated graphene oxide for bone tissue regeneration.
abstract: Toward preparing strong multi-biofunctional materials, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) conjugated graphene oxide (GO_PEI) was synthesized using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a spacer and incorporated in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) at different fractions. GO_PEI significantly promoted the proliferation and formation of focal adhesions in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on PCL. GO_PEI was highly potent in inducing stem cell osteogenesis leading to near doubling of alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization over neat PCL with 5% filler content and was ≈50% better than GO. Remarkably, 5% GO_PEI was as potent as soluble osteoinductive factors. Increased adsorption of osteogenic factors due to the amine and oxygen containing functional groups on GO_PEI augment stem cell differentiation. GO_PEI was also highly efficient in imparting bactericidal activity with 85% reduction in counts of E. coli colonies compared to neat PCL at 5% filler content and was more than twice as efficient as GO. This may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the sharp edges of the particles along with the presence of the different chemical moieties. Thus, GO_PEI based polymer composites can be utilized to prepare bioactive resorbable biomaterials as an alternative to using labile biomolecules for fabricating orthopedic devices for fracture fixation and tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India. kchatterjee@materials.iisc.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India. kchatterjee@materials.iisc.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Shammy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
authors.forename: Kishor
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India. kchatterjee@materials.iisc.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000327:Adsorption; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000588:Amines; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010087:Oxides; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; C006903:carbopol 940; D006108:Graphite; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010100:Oxygen