title: Investigation-Directed Approach to Inflammatory Optic Neuropathies.
abstract: Any presentation of an optic neuropathy with features that suggest inflammation should be addressed promptly because of blindness and the potential for effective treatment in some cases. A step-wise approach, including laboratory testing and imaging, is often informative, although the diagnosis may remain elusive despite detailed investigation.
authors.affiliation: a Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and the Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boudreault
authors.affiliation: a Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and the Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Marlene L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: a Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and the Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D020852:Lyme Neuroborreliosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009494:Neurosyphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis
keywords: Atypical optic neuritis; Lyme borreliosis; lupus; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG); neuromyelitis optica (NMO); sarcoidosis