title: Pan PPAR agonist IVA337 is effective in prevention and treatment of experimental skin fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves a distinctive triad of autoimmune, vascular and inflammatory alterations resulting in fibrosis. Evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an important role in SSc-related fibrosis and their agonists may become effective therapeutic targets.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression of PPARs in human fibrotic skin and investigate the effects of IVA337, a pan PPAR agonist, in in vitro and in vivo models of fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antifibrotic effects of IVA337 were studied using a bleomycin-induced mouse model of dermal fibrosis. The in vivo effect of IVA337 on wound closure and inflammation were studied using an excisional model of wound healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low levels of PPARα and PPARγ were detected in the skin of patients with SSc compared with controls. In mice, IVA337 was associated with decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and reduced expression of phosphorylated SMAD2/3-intracellular effector of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Although the antifibrotic effect of pan PPAR was similar to that of PPARγ agonist alone, a significant downregulation of several markers of inflammation was associated with IVA337. Despite its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, IVA337 did not interfere with wound closure. In vitro effects of IVA337 included attenuation of transcription of ECM genes and alteration of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signalling pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that simultaneous activation of all three PPAR isoforms exerts a dampening effect on inflammation and fibrosis, making IVA337 a potentially effective therapeutic candidate in the treatment of fibrotic diseases including SSc.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.|CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nadira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ruzehaji
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Camelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponsoye
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.|CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avouac
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pezet
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.|CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guilbert
authors.affiliation: Inventiva, Daix, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Luccarini
authors.affiliation: Inventiva, Daix, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Broqua
authors.affiliation: Inventiva, Daix, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Junien
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.|CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Allanore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001761:Bleomycin; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D013449:Sulfonamides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D001761:Bleomycin; C000619516:lanifibranor
keywords: Fibroblasts; Inflammation; Systemic Sclerosis