title: Using Ultrasonography for Vessel Diameter Assessment to Prevent Infiltration.
abstract: Small veins are a risk factor for infiltration. However, there are no data regarding the ideal vein diameter for preventing infiltration. Using ultrasound, vessel diameter and calculated ratios of the vessel diameter to the catheter gauge were measured. The relationship between the ratio and infiltration was assessed to establish a cutoff point. The mean ratio of the infiltration group was significantly smaller than that of the no-infiltration group (P < .01), and the ratio was an independent risk factor according to the multivariable analysis. The ratio of 3.3 was determined to be the cutoff point that enables health care professionals to identify veins appropriately.
authors.affiliation: University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Advanced Nursing Technology, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Murayama and Oe, Mr Tanabe and Ms Arai); University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Yabunaka and Sanada, Mr Takahashi); Kanazawa Medical University, School of Nursing, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Matsui); University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Mss Uchida and Komiyama); and Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan (Mr Tanabe and Ms Arai). Hidenori Tanabe, ME, is a collaborative researcher in the Department of Advanced Nursing Technology in the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo in Tokyo, Japan. He is also a research associate at Terumo Corporation in Tokyo. Toshiaki Takahashi, MHS, RN, is a student in the Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management in the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Ryoko Murayama, PhD, RN, RMW, is a project associate professor in the Department of Advanced Nursing Technology in the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo in Tokyo, Japan. Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, is an assistant professor in the Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management in the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo in Tokyo, Japan. Makoto Oe, PhD, RN, is a project lecturer in the Department of Advanced Nursing Technology in the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo in Tokyo, Japan. Yuko Matsui, PhD, RN, is an associate professor in the School of Nursing at Kanazawa Medical University in Kanazawa, Japan. Rika Arai, MS, is a collaborative researcher in the Department of Advanced Nursing Technology in the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo in Tokyo, Japan, and is a research associate at Terumo Corporation in Tokyo. Miho Uchida, MSI, RN, is a vice director of nursing department at the University of Tokyo Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Chieko Komiyama,
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yabunaka
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oe
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography