title: CKD and Infectious Diseases in Asia Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities.
abstract: The exact number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asia Pacific is uncertain. In numeric terms, the region is home to the largest population of patients with untreated chronic kidney failure. The climatic, geographic, social, cultural, economic, and environmental diversity within this region is higher than in any other part of the world. Large parts of the region face a climate-related burden of infectious diseases. Infections contribute to the development and progression of CKD and complicate the course of patients with pre-existing CKD (especially those on dialysis therapy or who are immunosuppressed), increase the cost of CKD care, and contribute to mortality and morbidity. Kidney involvement is a feature of several infectious diseases prevalent in Asia Pacific. Examples include malaria, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C virus, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and Hantaan virus infections. The contribution of infection-associated acute kidney injury to the overall burden of CKD has not been evaluated systematically. Research is needed to quantify the impact of infections on kidney health by undertaking prospective studies. Nephrologists need to work with infectious disease research groups and government infection surveillance and control programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Department of Nephrology, George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; Department of Nephrology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: vjha@pginephro.org.
authors.forename: Vivekanand
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Asia Pacific; acute kidney injury (AKI); chronic kidney disease (CKD); epidemiology; infections; infectious diseases; review