title: Is adalimumab protective in ischemia-reperfusion injury in lung?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ischemia reperfusion (I-R) leads to the lung damage. Adalimumab (Ada) is a potent tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor agent. We aimed to evaluate whether Ada would prevent the lung tissue from damage development over the I-R process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty seven Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups (each group had 9 rats). To the control group, only laparotomy procedure was carried out. For I-R group, first infrarenal abdominal aorta was cross-clamped during 2 hr, and then reperfusion was performed for 2 hr. To I-R+Ada group, first a single dose of 50 mg/kg Ada was given intraperitoneally and 5 days later, same I-R procedure was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and caspase-3 enzyme activity of I-R group were higher than that of both I-R+ Ada [TNF-α (P=0.021), MDA (P=0.029), MPO (P=0.012), ET-1 (P=0.036, caspase-3 (P=0.007), respectively] and control group [TNF-α (P=0.008), MDA (P<0.001), MPO (P=0.001), ET-1 (P<0.001), caspase-3 (P<0.001), respectively]. In I-R group, severe damage was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. This damage was found less severe in Ada treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The release of cytokines and ET-1 in a large proportion after I-R injury, and generating of ROS in excessive quantity could cause severe damage in the lung tissue. Ada could be considered as a protective agent for lung tissue during I-R process.
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tumkaya
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yildiray
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turut
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Medine Cumhur
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cure
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cure
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sehitoglu
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hacer
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bilgin
authors.affiliation: RecepTayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usta
keywords: Adalimumab; Endothelin-1; Ischemia reperfusion; Lung injury; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha