title: Pyropia yezoensis glycoprotein regulates antioxidant status and prevents hepatotoxicity in a rat model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver failure.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Pyropia yezoensis glycoprotein (PYGP) on hepatic antioxidative enzyme activity and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a rat model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured to determine the severity of hepatotoxicity. Treatment with D‑GalN/LPS significantly increased the GOT, GPT and lipid peroxidation levels, and decreased the antioxidant capacity of the rats. Treatment with PYGP (150 and 300 mg/kg/body weight) decreased the levels of GOT, GPT and lipid peroxidation levels. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, including catalase, glutathione S‑transferase and glutathione were upregulated following PYGP treatment. Furthermore, D‑GalN/LPS‑induced MAPK phosphorylation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression were downregulated by PYGP. These results indicated that PYGP may exert hepatoprotective effects via the upregulation of antioxidative enzymes, and the downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and iNOS and COX-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyeong
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taek-Jeong
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D005688:Galactosamine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases