title: The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours.
abstract: The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of urogenital tumours (WHO "blue book"), published in 2016, contains significant revisions. These revisions were performed after consideration by a large international group of pathologists with special expertise in this area. A subgroup of these persons met at the WHO Consensus Conference in Zurich, Switzerland, in 2015 to finalize the revisions. This review summarizes the most significant differences between the newly published classification and the prior version for renal, penile, and testicular tumours. Newly recognized epithelial renal tumours are hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) syndrome-associated RCC, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCC, tubulocystic RCC, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, and clear cell papillary RCC. The WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology renal tumour grading system was recommended, and the definition of renal papillary adenoma was modified. The new WHO classification of penile squamous cell carcinomas is based on the presence of human papillomavirus and defines histologic subtypes accordingly. Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) of the testis is the WHO-recommended term for precursor lesions of invasive germ cell tumours, and testicular germ cell tumours are now separated into two fundamentally different groups: those derived from GCNIS and those unrelated to GCNIS. Spermatocytic seminoma has been designated as a spermatocytic tumour and placed within the group of non-GCNIS-related tumours in the 2016 WHO classification.
  
  
  
  The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification contains new renal tumour entities. The classification of penile squamous cell carcinomas is based on the presence of human papillomavirus. Germ cell neoplasia in situ of the testis is the WHO-recommended term for precursor lesions of invasive germ cell tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: holger.moch@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moch
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
authors.forename: Antonio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cubilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University Health Partners, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ulbright
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000145:classification* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D018231:Leiomyomatosis / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D009386:Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000821:virology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000172:deficiency; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase
keywords: Male genital organs; Urogenital tract; WHO classification