title: Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with vascular dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accumulating evidence indicates that various infections contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been implicated as a risk factor of atherosclerosis for stroke and other cardiovascular disease, but limited data exist regarding vascular dementia (VD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Hp infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with VD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 354 patients who were diagnosed with VD were enrolled. Patients were divided into Hp positive VD group (n=208) and Hp negative VD group (n=156) using the (13)C-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT). Serum YKL-40, a marker for inflammation, were analyzed by ELISA. Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were collected or detected. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was determined by color Doppler ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIMT values and serum YKL-40 significantly increased in Hp positive VD group in comparison with Hp negative VD group (p<0.05). In Hp positive VD group, serum YKL-40 was positively correlated with CIMT (r=0.412, p<0.05), and the association was independent of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors (β=0.381, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIMT and serum YKL-4 were significantly higher in Hp positive patients than Hp negative patients. Hp-induced inflammation may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with VD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yunlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ruiting
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Kaili
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zhao_yuwu2005@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D016207:Cytokines; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Helicobacter pylori; Inflammation; Vascular dementia; YKL-40