title: Controlled release behaviour and antibacterial effects of antibiotic-loaded titania nanotubes.
abstract: Bacterial infections have been identified as the main cause of orthopaedic implant failure. Owing to their high antibiotic delivery efficiency, titania nanotubes loaded with antibiotics constitute one of the most promising strategies for suppressing bacterial infections. However, it is difficult to control the drug-release behaviour of such nanotubes. Although sealing the nanotubes with a polymer solution provides sustained release effects to a certain extent, it inevitably influences their initial antibacterial activity. This study reports on the controlled release of gentamicin sulphate (GS) from titania nanotube surfaces whereby their initial antibacterial activity remains unaffected. Titania nanotubes were fabricated via electrochemical anodization and loaded with GS through physical adsorption. Experimental results showed that this loading method is feasible and efficient. The GS-loaded titania nanotubes were further covered by a thin film comprising a mixture of GS and chitosan (GSCH). The release kinetics confirmed that the drug release could be controlled by this thin film. Moreover, such a film was shown to not only inhibit initial bacterial adherence owing to its strong antibacterial properties but also enhance cell viability. Thus, GS-loaded titania nanotubes coated with GSCH have considerable potential as biomaterials for preventing initial release and peri-implant infection in the field of orthopaedics.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address: zyli@tju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhaoyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Zhenduo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Yanqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China.
authors.forename: Yunde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China.
authors.forename: Renfeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address: xjyang@tju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xianjin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005839:Gentamicins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D048271:Chitosan; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Antibacterial; Controlled release; Physical adsorption; Polymer films; Titania nanotubes