title: Normal Anatomy, Histology, and Spontaneous Pathology of the Nasal Cavity of the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
abstract: The evaluation of inhalation studies in monkeys is often hampered by the scarcity of published information on the relevant nasal anatomy and pathology. We examined nasal cavities of 114 control cynomolgus monkeys from 11 inhalation studies evaluated 2008 to 2013, in order to characterize and document the anatomic features and spontaneous pathology. Compared to other laboratory animals, the cynomolgus monkey has a relatively simple nose with 2 unbranched, dorsoventrally stacked turbinates, large maxillary sinuses, and a nasal septum that continues into the nasopharynx. The vomeronasal organ is absent, but nasopalatine ducts are present. Microscopically, the nasal epithelium is thicker than that in rodents, and the respiratory (RE) and transitional epithelium (TE) rest on a thick basal lamina. Generally, squamous epithelia and TE line the vestibule, RE, the main chamber and nasopharynx, olfactory epithelium, a small caudodorsal region, while TE is observed intermittently along the passages. Relatively high incidences of spontaneous pathology findings, some resembling induced lesions, were observed and included inflammation, luminal exudate, scabs, squamous and respiratory metaplasia or hyperplasia, mucous cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, and olfactory degeneration. Regions of epithelial transition were the most affected. This information is considered helpful in the histopathology evaluation and interpretation of inhalation studies in monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom Syngenta Limited, Jeallot's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom chamanza@aol.com ronnie.chamanza@syngenta.com.
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chamanza
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Eye Research Centre, Eye, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gregori
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Eye Research Centre, Eye, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Eye Research Centre, Eye, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Eye Research Centre, Eye, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goodchild
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Eye Research Centre, Eye, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodchild
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Eye Research Centre, Eye, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Eye Research Centre, Eye, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aldous
authors.affiliation: Huntingdon Life Sciences, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vasanthi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mowat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Macaca fascicularis; cynomolgus monkey; inhalation; nasal anatomy; nonhuman primate; spontaneous pathology; toxicity studies