title: Extending the Hydrophobic Mismatch Concept to Amphiphilic Membranolytic Peptides.
abstract: A series of nine amphiphilic, pore-forming α-helical KIA peptides (KIAGKIA repeats) with lengths between 14 and 28 residues were studied by solid-state (15)N NMR to determine their alignment in oriented lipid bilayers. In a 2:1 mixture of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) with its corresponding 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-MPC), which has a highly positive spontaneous curvature, the helix tilt angle was found to vary steadily with peptide length. The shortest peptide was aligned transmembrane and upright, while the longer ones successively became tilted away from the membrane normal. This behavior is in agreement with the hydrophobic matching concept, conceived so far only for hydrophobic helices. In 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine, with a negative spontaneous curvature, all KIA peptides remained flat on the bilayer surface, while the cylindrical DMPC lipids permitted a slight tilt. Peptide insertion thus depends critically on the intrinsic lipid curvature, and helix orientation is then fine-tuned by membrane thickness. A refined toroidal pore model is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ariadna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grau-Campistany
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Parvesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wadhwani
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rabanal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|Institute of Organic Chemistry , KIT , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ulrich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D000072756:Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D010455:Peptides; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C017251:1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine