title: Sample Shuttling Relaxometry of Contrast Agents: NMRD Profiles above 1 T with a Single Device.
abstract: Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles are essential tools to evaluate the efficiency and investigate the properties of magnetic compounds used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), namely gadolinium chelates and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. These curves represent the evolution of proton relaxation rates with the magnetic field. NMRD profiles are unparalleled to probe extensively the spectral density function involved in the relaxation of water in the presence of the paramagnetic ion or the magnetic nanoparticles. This makes such profiles an excellent test of the adequacy of a theoretical relaxation model and allow for a predictive approach to the development and optimization of contrast agents. From a practical point of view they also allow to evaluate the efficiency of a contrast agent in a certain range of magnetic fields. Nowadays, these curves are recorded with commercial fast field cycling devices, often limited to a maximum Larmor frequency of 40 MHz (0.94 T). In this article, relaxation data were acquired on a wide range of magnetic fields, from 3.5 × 10-4to 14 T, for a gadolinium-based contrast agent and for PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles. We show that the low-field NMRD curves can be completed with high-field data obtained on a shuttle apparatus device using the superconductive magnet of a high-field spectrometer. This allows a better characterization of the contrast agents at relevant magnetic fields for clinical and preclinical MRI, but also refines the experimental data that could be used for the validation of relaxation models.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Physics Department, University of Mons, 24, Avenue du Champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gossuin
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France ; UMR 7203 LBM, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Serhan
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH UK.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandiford
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Physics Department, University of Mons, 24, Avenue du Champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henrard
authors.affiliation: Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marquardsen
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH UK.
authors.forename: Rafael T M
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: de Rosales
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique, CEA Saclay, DSM, IRAMIS, UMR CEA/CNRS 3685, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakellariou
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France ; UMR 7203 LBM, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrage