title: Use of Cannulated Instruments to Localize the Portals in Anterior Ankle Arthroscopy: A Technique Tip.
abstract: The use of cannulated instruments under fluoroscopy can improve the localization of the anteromedial and posterolateral portals for use in ankle arthroscopy. This technique is valuable for the less-experienced ankle arthroscopist, in resident education, and for the experienced arthroscopist when surface anatomy palpation and visualization is less than ideal due to soft tissue edema and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University, Dearborn, MI. Electronic address: rlneedleman@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Needleman
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D020679:Arthroscopes; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
keywords: ankle arthroscopy; anteromedial portal; cannulated trocar; fluoroscopy; posterolateral portal