title: Creating Pores on Graphene Platelets by Low-Temperature KOH Activation for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance.
abstract: KOH activation of microwave exfoliated graphite oxide (MEGO) is investigated in detail at temperatures of 450-550 °C. Out of the activation temperature range conventionally used for the preparation of activated carbons (>600 °C), the reaction between KOH and MEGO platelets at relatively low temperatures allows one to trace the structural transition from quasi-two-dimensional graphene platelets to three-dimensional porous carbon. In addition, it is found that nanometer-sized pores are created in the graphene platelets at the activation temperature of around 450 °C, leading to a carbon that maintains the platelet-like morphology, yet with a specific surface area much higher than MEGO (e.g., increased from 156 to 937 m(2) g(-1) ). Such a porous yet highly conducting carbon shows a largely enhanced electrochemical activity and thus improved electrochemical performance when being used as electrodes in supercapacitors. A specific capacitance of 265 F g(-1) (185 F cm(-3) ) is obtained at a current density of 1 A g(-1) in 6 m KOH electrolyte, which remains 223 F g(-1) (156 F cm(-3) ) at the current density of 10 A g(-1) .
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Shuilin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Guanxiong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Yeon
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Wencong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Zhuchen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.|iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Hengxing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.|Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zonghoon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.|iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Yanwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
keywords: KOH activation; graphene; platelets; supercapacitors