title: Electrophysiological Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia.
abstract: Endophenotypes are quantitative, heritable traits that may help to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying complex disease syndromes, such as schizophrenia. They can be assessed at numerous levels of analysis; here, we review electrophysiological endophenotypes that have shown promise in helping us understand schizophrenia from a more mechanistic point of view. For each endophenotype, we describe typical experimental procedures, reliability, heritability, and reported gene and neurobiological associations. We discuss recent findings regarding the genetic architecture of specific electrophysiological endophenotypes, as well as converging evidence from EEG studies implicating disrupted balance of glutamatergic signaling and GABAergic inhibition in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We conclude that refining the measurement of electrophysiological endophenotypes, expanding genetic association studies, and integrating data sets are important next steps for understanding the mechanisms that connect identified genetic risk loci for schizophrenia to the disease phenotype.
authors.affiliation: From the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (Ms. Owens and Dr. Bearden); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh (Dr. Bachman); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT (Dr. Glahn).
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Glahn
authors.forename: Carrie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bearden
mesh_terms: D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D058068:Endophenotypes; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C588010:COMT protein, human; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase