title: Genotyping of Fusarium Isolates from Onychomycoses in Colombia: Detection of Two New Species Within the Fusarium solani Species Complex and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Testing.
abstract: Fusariosis have been increasing in Colombia in recent years, but its epidemiology is poorly known. We have morphologically and molecularly characterized 89 isolates of Fusarium obtained between 2010 and 2012 in the cities of Bogotá and Medellín. Using a multi-locus sequence analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer, a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (Tef-1α) and of the RNA-dependent polymerase subunit II (Rpb2) genes, we identified the phylogenetic species and circulating haplotypes. Since most of the isolates studied were from onychomycoses (nearly 90 %), we carried out an epidemiological study to determine the risk factors associated with such infections. Five phylogenetic species of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), i.e., F. falciforme, F. keratoplasticum, F. lichenicola, F. petroliphilum, and FSSC 6 as well as two of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), i.e., FOSC 3 and FOSC 4, were identified. The most prevalent species were FOSC 3 (38.2%) followed by F. keratoplasticum (33.7%). In addition, our isolates were distributed into 23 haplotypes (14 into FOSC and nine into FSSC). Two of the FSSC phylogenetic species and two haplotypes of FSSC were not described before. Our results demonstrate that recipients of pedicure treatments have a lower probability of acquiring onychomycosis than those not receiving such treatments. The antifungal susceptibility of all the isolates to five clinically available agents showed that amphotericin B was the most active drug, while the azoles exhibited lower in vitro activity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.|Unitat de Micología, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guevara-Suarez
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Micología, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cano-Lira
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: María Caridad Cepero
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de García
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Especializado de Micología Médica (LEMM), Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sopo
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Bedout
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Luz Elena
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.|Hospital Simón Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Ecofisiología, Comportamiento y Herpetología (GECOH), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amézquita
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinel-Ingroff
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Micología, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guarro
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia. acelis@uniandes.edu.co.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celis
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D060585:Fusariosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D000666:Amphotericin B; D012319:RNA Polymerase II
keywords: Haplotypes; Pedicure; Phylogenetic species; Susceptibility