title: Two Anatomically and Computationally Distinct Learning Signals Predict Changes to Stimulus-Outcome Associations in Hippocampus.
abstract: Complex cognitive processes require sophisticated local processing but also interactions between distant brain regions. It is therefore critical to be able to study distant interactions between local computations and the neural representations they act on. Here we report two anatomically and computationally distinct learning signals in lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) and the dopaminergic ventral midbrain (VM) that predict trial-by-trial changes to a basic internal model in hippocampus. To measure local computations during learning and their interaction with neural representations, we coupled computational fMRI with trial-by-trial fMRI suppression. We find that suppression in a medial temporal lobe network changes trial-by-trial in proportion to stimulus-outcome associations. During interleaved choice trials, we identify learning signals that relate to outcome type in lOFC and to reward value in VM. These intervening choice feedback signals predicted the subsequent change to hippocampal suppression, suggesting a convergence of signals that update the flexible representation of stimulus-outcome associations.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Russell Square House, 10-12 Russell Square London WC1B 5EH, UK. Electronic address: erie.boorman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erie D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Boorman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Vani G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Jill X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: Tim E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Behrens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen