title: 2-Deoxyglucose Reverses the Promoting Effect of Insulin on Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro.
abstract: An increased risk of colorectal cancer is related to the development of metabolic syndromes including hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. The high circulatory levels of glucose and/or insulin or the application of exogenous insulin may promote carcinogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis, which can be attributed to the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. We attempted to resolve these existing questions by applying the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). According to the in vitro studies we performed, the glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells could be interrupted by 2DG as it decreased the cellular productions of ATP and lactate. In addition, 2DG induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. Since insulin can stimulate the cellular uptake of hexose, including 2DG, the combination of 2DG and insulin improved the cytotoxicity of 2DG and meanwhile overcame the cancer-promoting effects of insulin. This in vitro study provided a viewpoint of 2DG as a potential therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer, especially for patients with concomitant hyperinsulinemia or treated with exogenous insulin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.|The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.|The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.|The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.|The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.|The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Fengzhen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yueming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006019:Glycolysis; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness
chemical_list: D006601:Hexoses; D007328:Insulin; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003847:Deoxyglucose