title: Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy and Ungradable Image Rate with Ultrawide Field Imaging in a National Teleophthalmology Program.
abstract: To compare diabetic retinopathy (DR) identification and ungradable image rates between nonmydriatic ultrawide field (UWF) imaging and nonmydriatic multifield fundus photography (NMFP) in a large multistate population-based DR teleophthalmology program.
  
  
  
  Multiple-site, nonrandomized, consecutive, cross-sectional, retrospective, uncontrolled imaging device evaluation.
  
  
  
  Thirty-five thousand fifty-two eyes (17 526 patients) imaged using NMFP and 16 218 eyes (8109 patients) imaged using UWF imaging.
  
  
  
  All patients undergoing Joslin Vision Network (JVN) imaging with either NMFP or UWF imaging from May 1, 2014, through August 30, 2015, within the Indian Health Service-JVN program, which serves American Indian and Alaska Native communities at 97 sites across 25 states, were evaluated. All retinal images were graded using a standardized validated protocol in a centralized reading center.
  
  
  
  Ungradable rate for DR and diabetic macular edema (DME).
  
  
  
  The ungradable rate per patient for DR and DME was significantly lower with UWF imaging compared with NMFP (DR, 2.8% vs. 26.9% [P < 0.0001]; DME, 3.8% vs. 26.2% [P < 0.0001]). Identification of eyes with either DR or referable DR (moderate nonproliferative DR or DME or worse) was increased using UWF imaging from 11.7% to 24.2% (P < 0.0001) and from 6.2% to 13.6% (P < 0.0001), respectively. In eyes with DR imaged with UWF imaging (n = 3926 eyes of 2402 patients), the presence of predominantly peripheral lesions suggested a more severe level of DR in 7.2% of eyes (9.6% of patients).
  
  
  
  In a large, widely distributed DR ocular telehealth program, as compared with NMFP, nonmydriatic UWF imaging reduced the number of ungradable eyes by 81%, increased the identification of DR nearly 2-fold, and identified peripheral lesions suggesting more severe DR in almost 10% of patients, thus demonstrating significant benefits of this imaging method for large DR teleophthalmology programs.
authors.affiliation: Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: paoloantonio.silva@joslin.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Paolo S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Indian Health Service, Joslin Vision Network National Reading Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.affiliation: Indian Health Service, Joslin Vision Network National Reading Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.affiliation: Estenda Solutions, Inc., Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Drew G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jerry D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cavallerano
authors.affiliation: Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Lloyd Paul
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Aiello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019113:Telepathology / Q000379:methods*