title: Changes of Phospholipids in Fetal Liver of Mice Conceived by In Vitro Fertilization.
abstract: Environmental influences during early development increase the susceptibility to metabolism diseases in adulthood. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) expose the gametes or preimplantation embryo to a nonphysiological environment that increases the risk of metabolism diseases in later life. However, the precise underlying causes of ART-related metabolism disease remain unclear. In our previous study, by using a mouse model, we found that ART resulted in placental maldevelopment and dysfunction that led to reduced fetal growth. The lipid metabolism and lipid transporters in the placenta were also affected by ART. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that ART may hamper fetal lipid metabolism, which could predispose to metabolic diseases in later life. In the present examination, by lipidomic analysis, we investigated for the first time the effect of ART on phospholipid profiles in the fetal liver in a mouse model and presented it in a detailed overview. We revealed that ART increased significantly the level of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidic acid (PA), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine in the livers of fetuses compared with those in the controls. LPC and PA acts as signaling molecules involved in the majority of cellular processes regulating many crucial physiological and pathophysiological processes. LPC has been shown to play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes, and an increase in PA can result in insulin resistance. We proposed that changes of LPC and PA may be one of the causes of the changes in glucose metabolism and vascular dysfunction in the mouse model of ART.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xifeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China chenshuqiang2012@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jianlei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China xhwang_1968@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids
keywords: cardiovascular disease; diabetes; in vitro fertilization; lipid metabolism; lipidomics