title: Taking cues from the extracellular matrix to design bone-mimetic regenerative scaffolds.
abstract: There is an ongoing need for effective materials that can replace autologous bone grafts in the clinical treatment of bone injuries and deficiencies. In recent years, research efforts have shifted away from a focus on inert biomaterials to favor scaffolds that mimic the biochemistry and structure of the native bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The expectation is that such scaffolds will integrate with host tissue and actively promote osseous healing. To further enhance the osteoinductivity of bone graft substitutes, ECM-mimetic scaffolds are being engineered with a range of growth factors (GFs). The technologies used to generate GF-modified scaffolds are often inspired by natural processes that regulate the association between endogenous ECMs and GFs. The purpose of this review is to summarize research centered on the development of regenerative scaffolds that replicate the fundamental collagen-hydroxyapatite structure of native bone ECM, and the functionalization of these scaffolds with GFs that stimulate critical events in osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Pensa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
authors.forename: Abby M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States. Electronic address: bellis@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bellis
mesh_terms: D000067558:Biological Mimicry; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Biomimetic; Bone; Extracellular matrix; Growth factor; Regenerative medicine; Scaffold