title: Direct determination of creatinine based on poly(ethyleneimine)/phosphotungstic acid multilayer modified electrode.
abstract: In this work, the direct determination of creatinine was achieved using a poly(ethyleneimine)/phosphotungstic acid multilayer modified electrode with the assistance of Copper(II) ions by cyclic voltammetry. The quantity of creatinine were determined by measuring the redox peak current of Cu(II)-creatinine complex/Cu(I)-creatinine complex. Factors affecting the response current of creatinine at the modified electrode were optimized. A linear relationship between the response current and the concentration of creatinine ranging from 0.125 to 62.5μM was obtained with a detection limit of 0.06μM. The proposed method was applied to determine creatinine in human urine, and satisfied results were gotten which was validated in accordance with high performance liquid chromatography. The proposed electrode provided a promising alternative in routine sensing for creatinine without enzymatic assistance.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fin Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China. Electronic address: 469058993@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fin Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China. Electronic address: xushmei@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shimei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fin Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China. Electronic address: fengshunxd@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fin Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China. Electronic address: 602704309@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fin Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China. Electronic address: awangjd@126.com.
authors.forename: Jide
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003404:Creatinine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010772:Phosphotungstic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D012996:Solutions; D010772:Phosphotungstic Acid; D003300:Copper; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Creatinine; Electrochemical sensors; Layer-by-Layer self-assembly; Phosphotungstic acid; Poly(ethyleneimine)