title: Does the supervisor's teaching style influence the supervisee's learning prescribed techniques?
abstract: This study examined the directive and non-directive supervisors' instructional styles, supervisees' interactive communications within supervision sessions as well as the relative success of supervisees' learning to apply specific techniques within psychotherapy.
  
  
  
  The developers of Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) provided the supervised training for 16 therapists as part of the "Vanderbilt II" psychotherapy project. Supervision sessions were rated for supervisors' adherence to TLDP content. Both supervisors and supervisee were rated for classroom interactive behaviors of "initiation" speech (e.g., introducing ideas) and "responsive" speech (e.g., amplifying the other speaker's topic). The third therapy session was targeted for discussion within supervision. Therapy sessions immediately before and after supervision were rated on TLDP adherence.
  
  
  
  One of the supervisors (Supervisor A) was found to use an instructional style of relatively more initiation-based speech, whereas the other (Supervisor B) used more response-based speech. Technical adherence for supervisees of Supervisor A was significantly higher than those assigned to Supervisor B. Supervisees' initiation-based speech during supervision predicted less use of TLDP techniques in the therapy session after supervision. Supervisors' interactive style was not associated with therapy adherence.
  
  
  
  Relatively more directive and structured supervision may influence the acquisition and use of manual-prescribed therapy techniques.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Maryellen J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.affiliation: c Nashville Psychotherapy Consultants , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: d Department of Counseling and Human Development Service , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Bernadette D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.affiliation: e Psychiatric & Psychological Associates of Durham, PLLC , Durham , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Candace L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000193:education*; D064889:Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic / Q000193:education*; D013663:Teaching; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: brief psychotherapy; psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy; psychotherapist training/supervision/development