title: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genetic variability within a swine operation.
abstract: The objective of our study was to characterize the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genetic diversity within a swine operation comingling weaned pigs. Bronchial swabs and tracheal aspirates were collected from 3 nursery-to-finish farms. During the finishing production stages, samples were obtained from mortalities and from live coughing pigs in rooms where mortality was not observed. A total of 105 samples were examined by a M. hyopneumoniae real-time polymerase chain reaction and subjected to genetic typing using a multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) assay. The MLVA was used to identify genetic variants based on the number of repeats in 2 variable number tandem repeats loci, namely P97 and P146, thought to mediate adherence of M. hyopneumoniae to swine cilia. Four distinguishable M. hyopneumoniae variants were identified: MVLA variants 9-15, 11-21, 9-21, and 7-15. Variant 9-15 was the most prevalent, observed in 79% of rooms, and detected on all 3 farms. Variant 11-21 was present in 37% of the rooms on 2 of the 3 farms. Only one 9-21 variant was identified in 1 farm, and all samples of variant 7-15 were recovered from another farm. Based on the low prevalence and limited geographic distribution of the last 2 variants, it is hypothesized that they might be the result of in-situ recombination. All variants detected in this investigation appeared to belong to 3 clusters. Overall, a limited number of variants and clusters were identified in a system that comingles pigs from different sources, suggesting limited M. hyopneumoniae genetic variation within commercial swine production environments.
authors.affiliation: Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ (Galina Pantoja)University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Pettit, Dos Santos, Pieters)Tubbs Contract Research Organization, Jasper, AL (Tubbs) lucina.galina@zoetis.com.
authors.forename: Lucina Galina
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Pantoja
authors.affiliation: Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ (Galina Pantoja)University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Pettit, Dos Santos, Pieters)Tubbs Contract Research Organization, Jasper, AL (Tubbs).
authors.forename: Kalie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.affiliation: Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ (Galina Pantoja)University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Pettit, Dos Santos, Pieters)Tubbs Contract Research Organization, Jasper, AL (Tubbs).
authors.forename: Lucas F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ (Galina Pantoja)University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Pettit, Dos Santos, Pieters)Tubbs Contract Research Organization, Jasper, AL (Tubbs).
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.affiliation: Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ (Galina Pantoja)University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Pettit, Dos Santos, Pieters)Tubbs Contract Research Organization, Jasper, AL (Tubbs).
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieters
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D045705:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000382:microbiology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D014886:Weaning
keywords: Genetic variability; MLVA typing; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; swine