title: Chemical research on red pigments after adverse reactions to tattoo.
abstract: Currently, the incidence of tattooing is on the rise compared to the past, especially among adolescents, and it leads to the urgency of monitoring the security status of tattooing centers, as well as to inform people about the risks of tattoo practice. In our clinical experience, 20% of tattooed patients presented adverse reactions, like allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis with Koebner's phenomena and granulomatous reactions, with the latter most prevalent and most often related to red pigment. Adverse reactions to tattoo pigments, especially the red one, are well known and described in literature. Great attention has to be focused on the pigments used, especially for the presence of new substances, often not well known. For this reason, we decided to perform a study on 12 samples of red tattoo ink, obtained by patients affected by different cutaneous reactions in the site of tattoo, to analyze their chemical composition.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, NESMOS Department, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Phone: +39 06 3377 5907 Fax: +39 06 3377 5378 E-mail: tammaroantonella@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tammaro
authors.affiliation: Ambiental Biology Department, Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toniolo
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, NESMOS Department, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giulianelli
authors.affiliation: Ambiental Biology Department, Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, NESMOS Department, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persechino
mesh_terms: D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007281:Ink; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012995:Solubility; D013653:Tattooing / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents
keywords: chemical analysis; pigments; tattoo