title: Residential mobility impacts exposure assessment and community socioeconomic characteristics in longitudinal epidemiology studies.
abstract: Epidemiologic studies commonly use residential locations to estimate environmental exposures or community-level characteristics. The impact of residential mobility on these characteristics, however, is rarely considered. The objective of this analysis was to examine the effect of residential mobility on estimates of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), greenspace, and community-level characteristics. All residential addresses were reported from birth through age seven for children enrolled in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study. Exposure to TRAP at each address was estimated using a land use model. Greenspace was estimated using satellite imagery. Indices of neighborhood deprivation and race were created based on socioeconomic-census tract measures. Exposure estimates using the birth record address, the last known address, and the annual address history were used to determine exposure estimation error and bias in the association with asthma at age seven. Overall, 54% of the cohort moved at least once prior to age seven. Each move was separated by a median of 4 miles and associated with a median decrease of 4.4% in TRAP exposure, a 5.3% increase in greenspace, an improved deprivation index, and no change in the race index. Using the birth record address or the last known address instead of the annual address history resulted in exposure misclassification leading to a bias toward the null when associating the exposures with asthma. Using a single address to estimate environmental exposures and community-level characteristics over a time period may result in differential assessment error.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Cole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brokamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.|Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Grace K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: LeMasters
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.|Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015982:Bias; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D011157:Population Dynamics; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions