title: The cardiomyocyte protein αT-catenin contributes to asthma through regulating pulmonary vein inflammation.
abstract: Recent genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding the protein αT-catenin (CTNNA3) that correlate with both steroid-resistant atopic asthma and asthmatic exacerbations. α-Catenins are important mediators of cell-cell adhesion, and αT-catenin is predominantly expressed in cardiomyocytes. In the lung αT-catenin appears to be exclusively expressed in cardiomyocytes surrounding the pulmonary veins (PVs), but its contribution to atopic asthma remains unknown.
  
  
  
  We sought to understand the role of αT-catenin in asthma pathogenesis.
  
  
  
  We used αT-catenin knockout mice and a house dust mite (HDM) extract model of atopic asthma, with assessment by means of forced oscillation, bronchoalveolar lavage, and histologic analysis.
  
  
  
  We found that the genetic loss of αT-catenin in mice largely attenuated HDM-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Mice lacking αT-catenin that were exposed to HDM extract had reduced PV inflammation, specifically near the large veins surrounded by cardiac cells. The proximity of the airways to PVs correlated with the severity of airway goblet cell metaplasia, suggesting that PVs can influence the inflammatory milieu of adjacent airways. Loss of αT-catenin led to compensatory upregulation of αE-catenin, which itself has a defined anti-inflammatory function.
  
  
  
  These data mechanistically support previous clinical and genetic associations between αT-catenin and the development of atopic asthma and suggest that PVs might have an underappreciated role in allergic airway inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Stephen Sai
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Folmsbee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: G R Scott
authors.initials: GRS
authors.lastname: Budinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bryce
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: c-gottardi@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Cara J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gottardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051178:alpha Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C575065:CTNNA3 protein, mouse; D051178:alpha Catenin
keywords: CTNNA3; cardiomyocyte; cell-cell adhesion; pulmonary vein; αT-catenin