title: Phylogenetic study of the genus Kudoa (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) with a description of Kudoa rayformis sp. nov. from the trunk muscle of Pacific sierra Scomberomorus sierra.
abstract: Kudoa rayformis n. sp. (Myxozoa; Multivalvulida) was observed in the trunk muscle of Pacific sierra Scomberomorus sierra caught off the coast of Tonosi, Panama. The species formed pseudocysts in myofibers and infection was subclinical. The myxospores possessed four polar capsules and spore valves, one of which had a distinct filamentous extension. This unique morphological characteristic of the myxospore validated this as a new species of Kudoa. Genetically, K. rayformis n. sp. is closest to K. inornata, with 98% and 91% similarity in 18S and 28S rDNA, respectively, but its spore shape was clearly distinct. The 18S rDNA and concatenated sequences from K. rayformis were used in molecular phylogenetic analyses of kudoids to examine the congruence of phylogeny with infection site tropism, spore morphology and cyst/pseudocyst formation. The results demonstrated that the phenotypic traits were correlated with the phylogeny of Kudoidae, and that the biological features of K. rayformis originated from the ancient Kudoidae as exhibited by the non-specific infection site tropism and the ability to infect muscle and form pseudocysts.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan.
authors.forename: Sang Phil
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan. Electronic address: shirakashi@kindaisuiken.jp.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirakashi
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Resources Authority of Panama, Panama City, Panama.
authors.forename: Lissette Trejos
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003560:Cysts / Q000469:parasitology; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D009132:Muscles / Q000469:parasitology*; D055764:Myxozoa / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010176:Panama; D010473:Perciformes / Q000469:parasitology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
keywords: Bayesian tip-association significance testing; Cyst; Infection site tropism; Kudoa rayformis; Pseudocyst; Spore morphology