title: Sonocatalytic removal of naproxen by synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on montmorillonite.
abstract: ZnO/MMT nanocomposite as sonocatalyst was prepared by immobilizing synthesized ZnO on the montmorillonite surface. The characteristics of as-prepared nanocomposite were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The synthesized samples were used as a catalyst for sonocatalytic degradation of naproxen. ZnO/MMT catalyst in the presence of ultrasound irradiation was more effective compared to pure ZnO nanoparticles and MMT particles in the sonocatalysis of naproxen. The effect of different operational parameters on the sonocatalytic degradation of naproxen including initial drug concentration, sonocatalyst dosage, solution pH, ultrasonic power and the presence of organic and inorganic scavengers were evaluated. It was found that the presence of the scavengers suppressed the sonocatalytic degradation efficiency. The reusability of the nanocomposite was examined in several consecutive runs, and the degradation efficiency decreased only 2% after 5 repeated runs. The main intermediates of naproxen degradation were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-Mass).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: murat_kiransan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kıranşan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: a_khataee@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khataee
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimi
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009288:Naproxen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D001546:Bentonite; D009288:Naproxen; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Naproxen; Sonocatalysis; Sonocatalyst; ZnO nanoparticles; ZnO/MMT nanocomposite