title: Retinal vasculitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ophthalmologists and rheumatologists frequently have a miscommunication among themselves, and as a result differ in their opinion for patients consulting them with retinal vasculitis. This report seeks to establish a common understanding of the term, retinal vasculitis, and to review recent studies on this diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genetic basis of some rare forms of retinal vascular disease has recently been described. Identified genes include CAPN5, TREX1, and TNFAIP3; Behçet's disease is a systemic illness that is very commonly associated with occlusive retinal vasculitis; retinal imaging, including fluorescein angiography and other newer imaging modalities, has proven crucial to the identification and characterization of retinal vasculitis and its complications; although monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-17A or interleukin-1 beta failed in trials for Behçet's disease, antibodies to TNF-alpha, either infliximab or adalimumab, have demonstrated consistent benefit in managing this disease. Interferon treatment and B-cell depletion therapy via rituximab may be beneficial in certain types of retinal vasculitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal vasculitis is an important entity for rheumatologists to understand. Retinal vasculitis associated with Behçet's disease responds to monoclonal antibodies that neutralize TNF, but the many other forms of noninfectious retinal vasculitis may require alternate therapeutic management.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University bDepartment of Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University cDepartment of Cell Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA dLegacy Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health System, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Cailin H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.forename: Phoebe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications*