title: NADPH Oxidase: A Potential Target for Treatment of Stroke.
abstract: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrialized nations. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria is thought to be the main cause of oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes have recently been identified and studied as important producers of ROS in brain tissues after stroke. Several reports have shown that knockout or deletion of NOX exerts a neuroprotective effect in three major experimental stroke models. Recent studies also confirmed that NOX inhibitors ameliorate brain injury and improve neurological outcome after stroke. However, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of NOX enzymes in the central nervous system (CNS) are not known well. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of our current understanding about expression and physiological function of NOX enzymes in the CNS and its pathophysiological roles in the three major types of stroke: ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, No. 68, Jiyang West Road, Zhangjiagang 215699, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, 39 Xiashatang Street, Wuzhong 215101, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yangzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 45, Taizhou Road, Yangzhou 225001, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D019255:NADPH Oxidases