title: Anxiety and depression in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival of ovarian cancer patients is still unsatisfactory despite the introduction of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Women with advanced ovarian cancer with long-term survival are at persistent risk of anxiety and reactive depression due to poor prognosis and risk of burdensome symptoms. The aim of the study was to assess changes in anxiety and depression during multimodality ovarian cancer treatment and to identify correlates of anxiety and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 106 consecutive patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Mean age of the study group was 53.9 years (SD = 10.8, range: 23-79). The participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory four times: prior to and one week after surgery, and before the second and the fourth course of adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent determinants of distress at various stages of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of anxiety and the prevalence of pathological anxiety (74%) were the highest prior to surgery and gradually decreased thereafter. Irrespective of the treatment stage, the level of anxiety was higher than the corresponding level of depression. History of abortion, presence of intestinal stoma, poor general status, residual disease and time from the initial diagnosis were the main determinants of distress in ovarian cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant changes in the level of anxiety and slight fluctuations in the depression level experienced during ovarian cancer treatment are mostly determined by clinical variables. Identification of individuals with psychological comorbidities is a vital component of patient-oriented multidisciplinary care.
authors.affiliation: a Intermed Gynecology Clinic , Gdańsk , Poland .
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mielcarek
authors.affiliation: b Department of Family Medicine , Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland , and.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nowicka-Sauer
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kozaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; depression; oncology; ovarian cancer; prospective study