title: Correlates of partner and family violence among older Canadians: a life-course approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge about individual and interpersonal correlates of violence in Canadian seniors is limited. This study identifies correlates of current and past violence by intimate partner and family member(s) in community-dwelling Canadian seniors, while accounting for childhood adverse circumstances.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed logistic regression analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal study of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 to 74 years and living in Kingston (Ontario) and Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec). Domestic violence was assessed using the Hurt- Insult-Threaten-Scream (HITS) screening tool. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current violence of a psychological nature was reported by 18% of the sample. Women were at greater risk of current and lifetime violence perpetrated by a family member (current violence: adjusted OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.02-3.30) as well as experiencing violence from their intimate partner in their lifetime than were men (adjusted OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.40-4.37). Risk factors have accumulated over the life course that were found to be consistently associated with both current and lifetime violence included having witnessed violence at home in childhood (lifetime violence by family member: adjusted OR = 9.46; 95% CI: 5.11-17.52), as well as poor quality of relationships with intimate partners, family and friends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our research documents the ongoing impact of early adversity on subsequent partner and family violence in Canada. Findings identify some preventable factors associated with current psychological violence and past violence among community dwelling Canadian seniors.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|Department of Social Science and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miszkurka
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|Department of Social Science and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steensma
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011584:Psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Interpersonal violence; adversity; life course; seniors