title: Expression and potential roles of IL-33/ST2 in the immune regulation during Clonorchis sinensis infection.
abstract: During clonorchiasis, immune responses of hosts are responsible for the removal of the worms and also are involved in the progress of the pathological damage caused by Clonorchis sinensis. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a recently described cytokine signaling through the ST2 receptor, has emerged as a potent inducer to bile duct proliferation and fibrosis; however, little is known of this signaling in the pathogen-caused periductal inflammation and fibrosis. In the present study, using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry, we studied the expression of IL-33/ST2 during C. sinensis infection, as well as their potential roles in C. sinensis-induced host immune responses. The results showed that a higher level of IL-33 was detected in the sera of patients of clonorchiasis (n = 45), compared with in those of healthy donors (n = 16). Similarly, in FVB mice experimentally infected with C. sinensis, a higher level of IL-33 was detected at latent stage both in the serum and in the liver, as well as the up-regulated expression of ST2 receptor on the inflammatory cells, especially on CD4(+) T cells in the liver of infected mice. Our results, for the first time, indicated that the increased IL-33/ST2 may be involved in the regulation of immunopathology induced by C. sinensis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. Tangrenxian-t@163.com.
authors.forename: Ren-Xian
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. ZKY02@163.com.
authors.forename: Kui-Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003003:Clonorchiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D003004:Clonorchis sinensis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D000067596:Interleukin-33
keywords: Clonorchis sinensis; FVB mice; IL-33; Immunopathology; ST2