title: Characterization of various cell lines from different ampullary cancer subtypes and cancer associated fibroblast-mediated responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ampullary cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer and usually treated by pancreatoduodenectomy, followed by adjuvant therapy. The intestinal subtype is associated with markedly improved prognosis after resection. At present, only few cell lines are available for in vitro studies of ampullary cancer and they have not been collectively characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We characterize five ampullary cancer cell lines by subtype maker expression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, growth and invasion, drug sensitivity and response to cancer-associated fibroblast conditioned medium (CAF-CM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of EMT features, subtype marker expression, growth, invasion and drug sensitivity three types of cell lines could be distinguished: mesenchymal-like, pancreatobiliary-like and intestinal-like. Heterogeneous effects from the cell lines in response to CAF-CM, such as different growth rates, induction of EMT markers as well as suppression of intestinal differentiation markers were observed. In addition, proteomic analysis showed a clear difference in intestinal-like cell line from other cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the available AMPAC cell lines seem to reflect a poorly differentiated pancreatobiliary or mesenchymal-like phenotype, which is consistent to their origin. We suggest that the most appropriate cell line model for intestinal-like AMPAC is the SNU869, while others seem to reflect aggressive AMPAC subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Zon Weng
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Surgery, UKSH Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolm
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuellgraf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Biniossek
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Makowiec
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Klinik für Chirurgie, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich Theodor
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Hopt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.|Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Surgery, UKSH Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Surgery, UKSH Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bausch
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Patologia, Universita di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sorio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Patologia, Universita di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. oliver.schilling@mol-med.uni-freiburg.de.|BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. oliver.schilling@mol-med.uni-freiburg.de.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. oliver.schilling@mol-med.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.|Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bronsert
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Surgery, UKSH Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.|Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Klinik für Chirurgie, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich Friedrich
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Wellner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D020543:Proteome; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020543:Proteome