title: β-Estradiol and ethinyl-estradiol contamination in the rivers of the Carpathian Basin.
abstract: 17β-Estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), which are environmental estrogens, have been determined with LC-MS in freshwater. Their sensitive analysis needs derivatization and therefore is very hard to achieve in multiresidue screening. We analyzed samples from all the large and some small rivers (River Danube, Drava, Mur, Sava, Tisza, and Zala) of the Carpathian Basin and from Lake Balaton. Freshwater was extracted on solid phase and derivatized using dansyl chloride. Separation was performed on a Kinetex XB-C18 column. Detection was achieved with a benchtop orbitrap mass spectrometer using targeted MS analysis for quantification. Limits of quantification were 0.05 ng/L (MS1) and 0.1 ng/L (MS/MS) for E2, and 0.001 ng/L (MS1) and 0.2 ng/L (MS/MS) for EE2. River samples contained n.d.-5.2 ng/L E2 and n.d.-0.68 ng/L EE2. Average levels of E2 and EE2 were 0.61 and 0.084 ng/L, respectively, in rivers, water courses, and Lake Balaton together, but not counting city canal water. EE2 was less abundant, but it was still present in almost all of the samples. In beach water samples from Lake Balaton, we measured 0.076-0.233 E2 and n.d.-0.133 EE2. A relative high amount of EE2 was found in river Zala (0.68 ng/L) and in Hévíz-Páhoki canal (0.52 ng/L), which are both in the catchment area of Lake Balaton (Hungary).
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. peter.avar@aok.pte.hu.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Avar
authors.affiliation: Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zita
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zrínyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.|Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maász
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
authors.forename: Anikó
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takátsy
authors.affiliation: Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lovas
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrozoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: G-Tóth
authors.affiliation: Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pirger
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis*; D006814:Hungary; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Estrogen; Ethinyl estradiol; Freshwater; River; Steroid; β-Estradiol