title: Health-related quality of life in working-age adults with visual impairments in Germany.
abstract: Purpose The purpose of this study was to gather data about physical activity and quality of life (QoL) for people of working age with visual impairments to optimize upcoming physical activity-based interventions in vocational rehabilitation. Methods Two hundred and seventy-seven former participants of four vocational rehabilitation centres in Germany answered an online questionnaire. The health-related QOL has been assessed by means of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The data were analysed via multivariate analysis of covariances (MANCOVAs), univariate analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) and discriminant function analysis. Results Compared to a normative group of adults aged 36-45, the study group showed lower values in all domains of QOL. The MANCOVA (visual acuity) produced no multivariate significant effect. Also, the ANCOVA showed no significant effect for the global dimension of the WHOQOL-BREF. The MANCOVA (leisure time activity) produced a multivariate significant effect. Post-hoc ANCOVAS revealed significant effects for all four domains of QoL. The ANCOVA analysing the global domain showed a similar significant effect as well. The active persons had higher values in all domains of QoL compared to the more passive participants. Conclusion Interventions in vocational rehabilitation should focus on leisure time activity to enhance QoL. At this stage, the role of physical activity is still unclear and further studies are needed. Implications for rehabilitation People with visual impairments often show a worse quality of life than normal-sighted people. The degree of severity of the visual impairment does not affect quality of life. Sport and physical activity are effective means of improving quality of life. An active leisure time activity supports the improvement of the quality of life of visual-impaired people that participated in a vocational rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Inclusion through Physical Activity and Sport at the German Sport University Cologne , Frechen , Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schliermann
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Inclusion through Physical Activity and Sport at the German Sport University Cologne , Frechen , Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heydenreich
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Inclusion through Physical Activity and Sport at the German Sport University Cologne , Frechen , Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bungter
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Inclusion through Physical Activity and Sport at the German Sport University Cologne , Frechen , Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anneken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
keywords: Employment status; Germany; ICF; job satisfaction; leisure activity; physical activity; vocational rehabilitation