title: Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein and virulence marker differences in expatriate patients.
abstract: We studied the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori virulence markers, e.g. cytotoxin associated gene (cagA), cagA promoter, vacuolating associated cytotoxin A (vacA) alleles induced by contact with epithelium (iceA type), and outer membrane protein Q (hopQ) in expatriates and compared them with those in local residents. Gastric biopsies were obtained at endoscopy for culture, histology and PCR for virulence marker and hopQ. Of 309 patients, 236 (76%) were males with a mean age of 45 years. A total of 102 patients were expatriates. hopQ type 1 was present in 98 (47%) local residents compared to 88 (86%) expatriates (P < 0·001), while hopQ type 2 was present in 176 (85%) local residents, compared to 60 (59%) expatriates (P < 0·001). H. pylori virulence marker cagA was positive in 97 (47%) local residents compared to 86 (84%) expatriates (P < 0·001) while cagA-P was positive in 72 (35%) local residents compared to 87 (85%) expatriates (P < 0·001). iceA type 1 was positive in 157 (76%) local residents compared to 45 (44%) expatriates (P < 0·001), while iceA type 2 was positive in 81 (39%) local residents compared to 86 (84%) expatriates (P < 0·001). Distribution of H. pylori cagA, cagA promoter, iceA and hopQ type in local residents and expatriates was different. H. pylori virulence markers were associated with severe pathology in expatriates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yakoob
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Pathology,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014774:Virulence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords:       cagA;       iceA;  cagA promoter; Helicobacter pylori; gastric carcinoma; gastric ulcer; gastritis; outer membrane protein Q