title: Expandable Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells Reprogrammed from Fibroblasts.
abstract: Stem cell-based approaches to cardiac regeneration are increasingly viable strategies for treating heart failure. Generating abundant and functional autologous cells for transplantation in such a setting, however, remains a significant challenge. Here, we isolated a cell population with extensive proliferation capacity and restricted cardiovascular differentiation potentials during cardiac transdifferentiation of mouse fibroblasts. These induced expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells (ieCPCs) proliferated extensively for more than 18 passages in chemically defined conditions, with 10(5) starting fibroblasts robustly producing 10(16) ieCPCs. ieCPCs expressed cardiac signature genes and readily differentiated into functional cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro, even after long-term expansion. When transplanted into mouse hearts following myocardial infarction, ieCPCs spontaneously differentiated into CMs, ECs, and SMCs and improved cardiac function for up to 12 weeks after transplantation. Thus, ieCPCs are a powerful system to study cardiovascular specification and provide strategies for regenerative medicine in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: C Ian
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Ji-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Benoit G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Bruneau
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: sheng.ding@gladstone.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D000067470:Cellular Reprogramming Techniques; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation