title: Microbial production of natural and non-natural flavonoids: Pathway engineering, directed evolution and systems/synthetic biology.
abstract: In this review, we address recent advances made in pathway engineering, directed evolution, and systems/synthetic biology approaches employed in the production and modification of flavonoids from microbial cells. The review is divided into two major parts. In the first, various metabolic engineering and system/synthetic biology approaches used for production of flavonoids and derivatives are discussed broadly. All the manipulations/engineering accomplished on the microorganisms since 2000 are described in detail along with the biosynthetic pathway enzymes, their sources, structures of the compounds, and yield of each product. In the second part of the review, post-modifications of flavonoids by four major reactions, namely glycosylations, methylations, hydroxylations and prenylations using recombinant strains are described.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ramesh Prasad
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parajuli
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA. Electronic address: koffam@rpi.edu.
authors.forename: Mattheos A G
authors.initials: MAG
authors.lastname: Koffas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sohng@sunmoon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sohng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D019020:Directed Molecular Evolution; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D058615:Synthetic Biology
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids
keywords: Biotransformation; Flavonoids; Metabolic engineering; Microbial production; Pathway engineering; Post-modifications; Systems/synthetic biology