title: Non-invasive determination of glucose directly in raw fruits using a continuous flow system based on microdialysis sampling and amperometric detection at an integrated enzymatic biosensor.
abstract: A non-destructive, rapid and simple to use sensing method for direct determination of glucose in non-processed fruits is described. The strategy involved on-line microdialysis sampling coupled with a continuous flow system with amperometric detection at an enzymatic biosensor. Apart from direct determination of glucose in fruit juices and blended fruits, this work describes for the first time the successful application of an enzymatic biosensor-based electrochemical approach to the non-invasive determination of glucose in raw fruits. The methodology correlates, through previous calibration set-up, the amperometric signal generated from glucose in non-processed fruits with its content in % (w/w). The comparison of the obtained results using the proposed approach in different fruits with those provided by other method involving the same commercial biosensor as amperometric detector in stirred solutions pointed out that there were no significant differences. Moreover, in comparison with other available methodologies, this microdialysis-coupled continuous flow system amperometric biosensor-based procedure features straightforward sample preparation, low cost, reduced assay time (sampling rate of 7 h(-1)) and ease of automation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; InBea Biosensores S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, C/ Santiago Grisolía 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: InBea Biosensores S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, C/ Santiago Grisolía 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campuzano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reviejo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: pingarro@quim.ucm.es.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pingarrón
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D017551:Microdialysis
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Amperometric detection; Continuous flow system; Glucose enzymatic biosensor; Microdialysis sampling; Raw fruits