title: Effects of high voltage nanosecond electric pulses on eukaryotic cells (in vitro): A systematic review.
abstract: For this systematic review, 203 published reports on effects of electroporation using nanosecond high-voltage electric pulses (nsEP) on eukaryotic cells (human, animal, plant) in vitro were analyzed. A field synopsis summarizes current published data in the field with respect to publication year, cell types, exposure configuration, and pulse duration. Published data were analyzed for effects observed in eight main target areas (plasma membrane, intracellular, apoptosis, calcium level and distribution, survival, nucleus, mitochondria, stress) and an additional 107 detailed outcomes. We statistically analyzed effects of nsEP with respect to three pulse duration groups: A: 1-10ns, B: 11-100ns and C: 101-999ns. The analysis confirmed that the plasma membrane is more affected with longer pulses than with short pulses, seen best in uptake of dye molecules after applying single pulses. Additionally, we have reviewed measurements of nsEP and evaluations of the electric fields to which cells were exposed in these reports, and we provide recommendations for assessing nanosecond pulsed electric field effects in electroporation studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Batista Napotnik
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reberšek
authors.affiliation: Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk 4211, Monarch Way, VA, USA.
authors.forename: P Thomas
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vernier
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: damijan.miklavcic@fe.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Damijan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miklavčič
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004560:Electricity; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: Cells; Electroporation; Nanosecond electric pulses; Systematic review