title: Identification of Proteins and Peptide Biomarkers for Detecting Banned Processed Animal Proteins (PAPs) in Meat and Bone Meal by Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: The outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom in 1986, with processed animal proteins (PAPs) as the main vector of the disease, has led to their prohibition in feed. The progressive release of the feed ban required the development of new analytical methods to determine the exact origin of PAPs from meat and bone meal. We set up a promising MS-based method to determine the species and the source (legal or not) present in PAPs: a TCA-acetone protein extraction followed by a cleanup step, an in-solution tryptic digestion of 5 h (with a 1:20 protein/trypsin ratio), and mass spectrometry analyses, first without any a priori, with a Q-TOF, followed by a targeted triple-quadrupole analysis. Using this procedure, we were able to overcome some of the major limitations of the official methods to analyze PAPs, detecting and identifying prohibited animal products in feedstuffs by the monitoring of peptides specific for cows, pigs, and sheep in PAPs.
authors.affiliation: URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.|Biotechnology Department, CRA-W, Walloon Agricultural Research Center , 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marbaix
authors.affiliation: URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Budinger
authors.affiliation: URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.|MaSUN, Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Namur , 5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieu
authors.affiliation: Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, CRA-W, Walloon Agricultural Research Center , 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fumière
authors.affiliation: CER Groupe, Centre d'Economie Rurale , 6900 Marloie, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gillard
authors.affiliation: CER Groupe, Centre d'Economie Rurale , 6900 Marloie, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delahaut
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Department, CRA-W, Walloon Agricultural Research Center , 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mauro
authors.affiliation: URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raes
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D016643:Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / Q000517:prevention & control; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D007881:Legislation, Food; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D015415:Biomarkers; D008903:Minerals; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; C027762:bone meal
keywords: PAPs; animal feed; beef; in-solution digestion; mass spectrometry; peptide biomarker; pork; protein extraction