title: Effect of Short-Duration, Localized Carbamide Peroxide Application to Remove Enamel Staining on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Enamel.
abstract: Objective Peripheral enamel staining is often noticed after removal of long-term veneer or crown provisional restorations. Application of carbamide peroxide (CP) easily removes the stain, but the potential for immediate bonding with a resin-based cement is questionable. This project tested the short-term, shear bond strength of a commercial, photo-curable, resin cement to bovine enamel after application of a 10% concentration of CP placed for different exposure times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine enamel was flattened and polished. Surfaces had either no CP application (control), or 10% CP applied for 10, 20, or 30 seconds. Teeth were acid-etched, rinsed, dried, and controlled sized stubs of a commercial resin cement were photocured onto the treated surfaces. The shear bond strength of each specimen was determined using a universal testing machine, and results were compared using an analysis of variance at a preset alpha of 0.5 (n = 10/group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences (p = 0.819) in shear bond strength were found among any CP cleaning treatments or the experimental (nontreated) control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term application of 10% carbamide peroxide prior to acid etching, to remove enamel stains in teeth prepared to receive ceramic veneers or crowns, does not reduce immediate shear bond strength of resin-based cement to enamel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians can confidently apply 10% CP for short-term, localized stain removal on enamel and not be concerned about affecting subsequent bond strength of a resin-based cement to enamel. (J Esthet Restor Dent, 2016).
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Jeril R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Van B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Equipment Technician, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mettenburg
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Chairman, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Callan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Section Director, Dental Materials, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Fredrick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rueggeberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019279:Resin Cements; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D010545:Peroxides; D019279:Resin Cements; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea