title: Double Switch Procedure and Surgical Alternatives for the Treatment of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present our experience with the double switch operation in sixteen patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 16 patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries operated by a single surgeon between 1995 and 2015. The mean age was 25 months (range 4 to 72 months) and the mean body weight was 8.9 kg (range 4.3 to 19 kg) at the time of operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We encountered seven patients with moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation, five of which had Ebstein anomaly. We performed a combination of atrial and arterial switch procedures in 11 cases, one of which had a concomitant coarctation of the aorta that was repaired along with the double switch procedure. Atrial switch and the Rastelli procedures were performed in three cases with concomitant pulmonary stenosis. A combination of arterial switch, Hemi-Mustard procedure, and bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis was performed in two cases. During a mean follow-up period of 67 months (range three months to 18 years), we encountered one early postoperative mortality related to intracerebral bleeding. All but one of the patients are now in NYHA class I-II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly in which the results of the anatomical repair with double switch operation appear to be superior to that achieved by a physiological repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Salih
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Avşar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özyüksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cenap
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Küçükosmanoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şener
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Demiroluk
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000080041:Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries; D004437:Ebstein Anomaly / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*