title: Teachers and Teaching: Speech Production Accommodations Due to Changes in the Acoustic Environment.
abstract: School teachers have an elevated risk of voice problems due to the vocal demands in the workplace. This manuscript presents the results of three studies investigating teachers' voice use at work. In the first study, 57 teachers were observed for 2 weeks (waking hours) to compare how they used their voice in the school environment and in non-school environments. In a second study, 45 participants performed a short vocal task in two different rooms: a variable acoustic room and an anechoic chamber. Subjects were taken back and forth between the two rooms. Each time they entered the variable acoustics room, the reverberation time and/or the background noise condition had been modified. In this latter study, subjects responded to questions about their vocal comfort and their perception of changes in the acoustic environment. In a third study, 20 untrained vocalists performed a simple vocal task in the following conditions: with and without background babble and with and without transparent plexiglass shields to increase the first reflection. Relationships were examined between [1] the results for the room acoustic parameters; [2] the subjects' perception of the room; and [3] the recorded speech acoustic. Several differences between male and female subjects were found; some of those differences held for each room condition (at school vs. not at school, reverberation level, noise level, and early reflection).
authors.affiliation: Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, 1026 Red Cedar Road, East Lansing, MI 48824.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, 1026 Red Cedar Road, East Lansing, MI 48824.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bottalico
authors.affiliation: Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, 1026 Red Cedar Road, East Lansing, MI 48824.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graetzer
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602.
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Leishman
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602.
authors.forename: Nathan G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Eyring
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602.
authors.forename: Zachary R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rolins
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602.
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Whiting