title: Thyroid active agents T3 and PTU differentially affect immune gene transcripts in the head kidney of rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss).
abstract: In mammals, numerous reports describe an immunomodulating effect of thyroid-active compounds. In contrast, only few reports have been published on this subject in fish. We previously demonstrated that immune cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) and that exposure of trout to the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) or the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) alters immune cell transcript levels of THR and several immune genes. The present study aims to further characterize the immunomodulating action of thyroid-active compounds in trout immune cells. We report here the use of a custom-designed 60-mer oligo immune-targeted microarray for rainbow trout to analyze the gene expression profiles induced in the head kidney by T3 and PTU. Morphometric analyses of the thyroid showed that PTU exposure increased the size of the epithelial cells, whereas T3 induced no significant effects. Both T3 and PTU had diverse and partly contrasting effects on immune transcript profiles. The strongest differential effects of T3 and PTU on gene expressions were those targeting the Mitogen Associated Protein Kinase (MAPK), NFkB, Natural Killer (NK) and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) pathways, a number of multipath genes (MPG) such as those encoding pleiotropic transcription factors (atf1, junb, myc), as well as important pro-inflammatory genes (tnfa, tnf6, il1b) and interferon-related genes (ifng, irf10). With these results we show for the first time in a fish species that the in vivo thyroidal status modulates a diversity of immune genes and pathways. This knowledge provides the basis to investigate both mechanisms and consequences of thyroid hormone- and thyroid disruptor-mediated immunomodulation for the immunocompetence of fish.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Medio Ambiente, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quesada-García
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Biotecnologia, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Encinas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Medio Ambiente, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdehita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Vetsuisse, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggasstra. 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Vetsuisse, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggasstra. 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Segner
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Biotecnologia, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias. INIA, Dpto. Medio Ambiente, Ctra. De la Coruña Km 7.5., E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jmnavas@inia.es.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Navas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D011441:Propylthiouracil / Q000633:toxicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D011441:Propylthiouracil
keywords: Antithyroid; Fish; Head kidney; Immune; Rainbow trout; Targeted- microarray; Thyroid