title: Temperature and rainfall are related to fertility rate after spring artificial insemination in small ruminants.
abstract: A total number of 1092 artificial inseminations (AIs) performed from March to May were documented over four consecutive years on 10 Payoya goat farms (36° N) and 19,392 AIs on 102 Rasa Aragonesa sheep farms (41° N) over 10 years. Mean, maximum, and minimum ambient temperatures, mean relative humidity, mean solar radiation, and total rainfall on each insemination day were recorded. Overall, fertility rates were 58 % in goats and 45 % in sheep. The fertility rates of the highest and lowest deciles of each of the meteorological variables indicated that temperature and rainfall had a significant effect on fertility in goats. Specifically, inseminations that were performed when mean (68 %), maximum (68 %), and minimum (66 %) temperatures were in the highest decile, and rainfall was in the lowest decile (59 %), had a significantly (P < 0.0001) higher proportion of does that became pregnant than did the ewes in the lowest decile (56, 54, 58, and 49 %, respectively). In sheep, the fertility rates of the highest decile of mean (62 %), maximum (62 %), and minimum (52 %) temperature, RH (52 %), THI (53 %), and rainfall (45 %) were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than were the fertility rates among ewes in the lowest decile (46, 45, 45, 45, 46, and 43 %, respectively). In conclusion, weather was related to fertility in small ruminants after AI in spring. It remains to be determined whether scheduling the dates of insemination based on forecasted temperatures can improve the success of AI in goats and sheep.
authors.affiliation: IUCA. Departmento Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain. alf@unizar.es.
authors.forename: J A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-3054
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Abecia
authors.affiliation: IFAPA, Ctra El Viso, km 15. 14270 Hinojosa del Duque, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arrébola
authors.affiliation: Asociación Nacional de Ganaderos de la Raza Rasa Aragonesa (ANGRA), Cabañera Real, s/n, 50800 Zuera, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.affiliation: Asociación Nacional de Ganaderos de la Raza Rasa Aragonesa (ANGRA), Cabañera Real, s/n, 50800 Zuera, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laviña
authors.affiliation: IFAPA, Ctra El Viso, km 15. 14270 Hinojosa del Duque, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: González-Casquet
authors.affiliation: IFAPA, Ctra El Viso, km 15. 14270 Hinojosa del Duque, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benítez
authors.affiliation: Departmento Construcción y Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Ambientales, Filiberto Villalobos, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palacios
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006041:Goats; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D014887:Weather
keywords: Artificial insemination; Fertility; Goats; Meteorology; Sheep