title: Dose-response relationships between exercise intensity, cravings, and inhibitory control in methamphetamine dependence: An ERPs study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study integrated behavioral and neuroelectric approaches for determining the dose-response relationships between exercise intensity and methamphetamine (MA) craving and between exercise intensity and inhibitory control in individuals with MA dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two individuals with MA dependence were randomly assigned to an exercise group (light, moderate, or vigorous intensity) or to a reading control group. The participants then completed a craving self-report at four time points: before exercise, during exercise, immediately after exercise, and 50 min after exercise. Event-related potentials were also recorded while the participants completed a standard Go/NoGo task and an MA-related Go/NoGo task approximately 20 min after exercise cessation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reduction in self-reported MA craving scores of the moderate and vigorous intensity groups was greater than that of the light intensity and control groups during acute exercise as well as immediately and 50 min following exercise termination. Additionally, an inverted-U-shaped relationship between exercise intensity and inhibitory control was generally observed for the behavioral and neuroelectric indices, with the moderate intensity group exhibiting shorter Go reaction times, increased NoGo accuracy, and larger NoGo-N2 amplitudes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute exercise may provide benefits for MA-associated craving and inhibitory control in MA-dependent individuals, as revealed by behavioral and neuroelectric measures. Moderate-intensity exercise may be associated with more positive effects, providing preliminary evidence for the establishment of an exercise prescription regarding intensity for MA dependence.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongshi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenglin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wuxueping@sus.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, 333, Taiwan. Electronic address: yukaichangnew@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Kai
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine
keywords: Addiction; Executive function; Go/NoGo paradigm; Inhibition