title: Improving ruminal degradability and energetic values of bamboo shoot shell using chemical treatments.
abstract: This study evaluated effects of different treatments on nutritive value of bamboo shoot shell (BSS). Five treatments were sun-drying (control), ammoniation (5%/dry matter (DM) urea), Ca(OH)2 (4%/DM calcium hydroxide), NaOH (4%/DM sodium hydroxide), and AHP (4%/DM sodium hydroxide plus 1%/DM hydrogen peroxide). The results showed that chemical composition of BSS was greatly changed by chemicals (P < 0.01) except acid-detergent lignin. All chemical treatments significantly reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content except AHP (P < 0.01), and obviously increased acid detergent fiber (ADF) content (P < 0.01) except ammoniation. The predicted organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy and net energy for lactation of BSS were greatly increased by chemical treatments (P < 0.01), the highest for ammoniation, followed by Ca(OH)2 , NaOH and AHP. Ammoniation had higher (P = 0.03) ammonia-N concentration than the other four treatments. There were significant differences among all treatments on total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.03), propionate (P = 0.01), butyrate concentration (P < 0.01) and C2 /C3 ratio (P = 0.02). Chemical treatments greatly improved effective degradability (ED) of DM (P < 0.01) and ED of NDF (P = 0.06) and ADF (P = 0.07) numerically. Ammoniation got a higher ED of crude protein than control. In conclusion, all chemical treatments greatly improved nutritive value of BSS with highest value obtained from ammoniation, followed by strong alkalization, alkaline hydrogen peroxide and modest alkalization.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.|China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.|China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.|China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.|China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qingxiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.|China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.|China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D031723:Bambusa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002417:Cattle; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004063:Digestion; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry*; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: bamboo shoot shell; chemical treatment; energetic value; gas production; rumen degradation