title: Reconsolidation and update of morphine-associated contextual memory in mice.
abstract: Drug addiction can be viewed as a pathological memory that is constantly retrieved and reconsolidated. Since drug abuse takes place in different contexts, it could be considered that reconsolidation plays a role in memory updating. There is consistent evidence supporting the role of reconsolidation in the strength and maintenance of contextual memories induced by drugs of abuse. However, this role is not well established in memory update. The purpose of the current study was to assess the reconsolidation process over memory update. C57BL6 mice were subjected to a morphine-induced, conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Based on CPP results, animals were divided into distinct experimental groups, according to the contextual characteristics of the re-exposure and a second CPP Test. Re-exposure in the original context was important for memory maintenance and re-exposure under discrete contextual changes resulted in memory updating, although original memory was maintained. Interestingly, cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, had different outcomes in our protocol. When the re-exposure was done under discrete contextual changes, cycloheximide treatment just after re-exposure blocked memory updating, without changes in memory maintenance. When re-exposure was done under the original context, only two subsequent cycloheximide injections (3 and 6h) disrupted later CPP expression. Considering the temporal window of protein synthesis in consolidation and reconsolidation, these findings suggest that re-exposure, according to the contextual characteristics in our protocol, could trigger both phenomena. Furthermore, when new information is present on retrieval, reconsolidation plays a pivotal role in memory updating.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3rd floor, Sao Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; Department of Biology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
authors.forename: Joao Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Escosteguy-Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3rd floor, Sao Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo, R. Cesário Motta Jr, 61, 12th floor, São Paulo, SP 01221-020, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson Francisco
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Correa-Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo, R. Cesário Motta Jr, 61, 12th floor, São Paulo, SP 01221-020, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Segismundo
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Onaivi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of São Paulo, R. Cesário Motta Jr, 61, 12th floor, São Paulo, SP 01221-020, Brazil. Electronic address: guilherme.stos.jr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jair Guilherme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Santos-Junior
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D009020:Morphine; D003513:Cycloheximide
keywords: Consolidation; Contextual memory; Cycloheximide; Memory update; Morphine; Reconsolidation