title: Short-Term Efficacy of Trichloroacetic Acid in the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the short-term efficacy and tolerability of a single topical 85% trichloroacetic acid treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1-3.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series including all patients with CIN treated with trichloroacetic acid as first-line therapy was performed. Treatment response was evaluated by colposcopy, cervical biopsy, cytology, and type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) testing 8 weeks after a single trichloroacetic acid treatment. Regression was defined as improvement from high-grade to low-grade CIN and remission was defined as improvement from any grade of CIN to no CIN. For quantification of treatment-related pain, 107 (44.1%) patients rated their subjective perception on a visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 241 women were included in the study with 179 high-grade (CIN 2-3) and 62 low-grade (CIN 1) squamous intraepithelial lesions. For high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, the histologic regression rate was 87.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.0-92.1) and the remission rate was 80.3% (95% CI 73.3-85.5). For low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, the remission rate was 82.3% (95% CI 70.5-90.8). Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 were found in 53.7% and 7.3% of all women tested, respectively. Clearance rates of HPV type 16 and HPV type 18 were 73.5% (95% CI 62.5-81.3) and 75.0% (95% CI 46.2-95.0), respectively. Median pain score was 3.0 out of 10.0 (25th and 75th percentiles 2.3 and 4.3, respectively). There were no major side effects observed during treatment or follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high regression and remission rate and a high HPV clearance rate were observed 8 weeks after topical 85% trichloroacetic acid treatment for patients with CIN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division for General Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, and the Center for Medical Statistics, Information and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, and the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; and the Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speiser
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Speiser
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Speiser
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid