title: Burden and pattern of micro vascular complications in type 2 diabetes in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) afflicts at least 5 million people in Nigeria, with more than 80% having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Microvascular complications increase both morbidity and mortality inpatients with T2DM. The aims of this study were to report the burden of various microvascular complications in T2DM and to identify various factors associated with these complications in patients with T2DM attending the diabetes outpatients' clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety (90) patients with T2DM who have attended diabetes clinic for at least 3 months were recruited for this study. Detailed history, physical examination and biochemical analysis was done in each of the patients. All patients underwent a detailed standard evaluation to detect diabetic retinopathy (fundoscopy), neuropathy (10g monofilament and/or diabetes neuropathy scores), and nephropathy (microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was high prevalence of microvascular complications among patients with T2DM. Almost half of patients with T2DM had some form of microvascular complications; diabetic neuropathy being the commonest (69.6%),followed by nephropathy (54.5%) and retinopathy (48.9%). The factors associated with developing these complications were increasing age, duration of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia for nephropathy and neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high burden of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Age, male gender, hypertension, glycaemic control, BMI and duration of diabetes, and glycaemic control were factors associated with microvasular complications.
authors.affiliation: LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, and College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Internal Medicine; Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Unit.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olamoyegun
authors.affiliation: LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: Waheed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ibraheem
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi- Araba, Lagos Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Unit.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwuala
authors.affiliation: LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Department of Internal Medicine.
authors.forename: Morenike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Audu
authors.affiliation: Obafemi Awolowo University, Dept of Medicine.
authors.forename: Babatope
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kolawole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Nigeria; Type 2 diabetes; microvascular complications; prevalence; risk factors