title: Tissue specific metal characterization of selected fish species in Pakistan.
abstract: Concentration of various metals, i.e., zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and silver (Ag), was evaluated in five indigenous fish species (namely, silver carp, common carp, mahseer, thela fish, and rainbow trout), by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It is proved from this study that, overall, mahseer and rainbow trout had high amount of zinc, whereas thela fish and silver carp had high concentration of copper, chromium, silver, nickel, and lead, while common carp had highest amount of iron contents. Furthermore, a tissue-specific discrimination among various fish species was observed, where higher metal concentrations were noticed in fish liver, with decreasing concentration in other organs like skin, gills, and finally the least contents in fish muscle. Multivariate data analysis showed not only a variation in heavy metals among the tissues but also discrimination among the selected fish species.
authors.affiliation: Section of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mukhtiar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Taufiq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Section of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liaquat
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, PMAS University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Kashif Sarfraz
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.|Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, KSA.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Bayoumi Abdel
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.affiliation: Section of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan. mj_awan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahangir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005880:Gills / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D010154:Pakistan; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Fish metal characterization; Metal accumulation; Metal contamination