title: Serum lipoprotein(a) levels and diabetic nephropathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: We aimed to evaluate the association between serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels and diabetic nephropathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  
  This study included 581 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum Lp(a) levels were divided into four groups; the cut-off points were at the 30th, 60th, and 90th percentile values on the basis of the distribution for all subjects. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as present when the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio was ≥33.9mg/mmol creatinine and/or the estimated glomerular filtration rate was <30ml/min/1.72m(2). Adjustment was made for age, sex, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, duration of diabetes mellitus, current drinking, current smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, and stroke.
  
  
  
  Higher serum Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy: the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for diabetic nephropathy in relation to serum Lp(a) levels of ≤6, 7-15, 16-38, and ≥39mg/dl were 1.00 (reference), 2.74 (1.08-7.00), 3.31 (1.28-8.54), and 4.80 (1.57-14.60), respectively (P for trend=0.004).
  
  
  
  The results suggest that serum Lp(a) levels may be positively associated with diabetic nephropathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University GraduateSchool of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Senba
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University GraduateSchool of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan. Electronic address: shinfuru@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yawatahama General City Hospital, Yawatahama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Saijo Hospital, Saijo, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torisu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Imabari Hospital, Imabari, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Morikazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onji
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University GraduateSchool of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifestyle-related Medicine and Endocrinology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Bunzo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University GraduateSchool of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017270:Lipoprotein(a)
keywords: Albuminuria; Diabetes; Diabetic nephropathy; Kidney disease; Lipoprotein(a); Lipoproteins