title: Long-term outcome of MTA apexification in teeth with open apices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study aimed to collect information about the long-term outcome of apexification treatment with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) of teeth with open apices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 98 teeth in 79 patients (m:f = 1:1.3) who had completed endodontic apexification treatment with MTA between September 2005 and January 2014 at a university dental clinic were considered. Both initial treatments and retreatments of former root canal treatments other than apexification were included. All patients were invited for a standardized follow-up visit. Data regarding age, sex, tooth type, reason for treatment, detailed treatment protocol, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment quality, and outcome were also collected from the patients' records. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the majority of cases, endodontic treatment was related to trauma with fracture (45/98, 45.9%) and luxation injuries (20/98; 20.4%), followed by unknown causes (12/98; 12.2%), retreatments (7/98; 7.1%), hypophosphatasia (7/98; 7.1%), and caries (1/98; 1%). In the beginning, the Periapical Index (PAI) showed pathologic findings with a PAI > 2 in approximately 50% of cases, while 25% presented with minor or an absence of findings. At the end of the observation period, more than 90% showed clinical-radiographic success, whereas eight teeth were associated with an elevated PAI. Only 5% of cases needed further dental treatment, such as root-end surgery or retreatment of the root canal treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of this retrospective investigation, clinical and clinical-radiographic success of the apexification treatment appears to make this a good and reliable treatment option for teeth with open apices.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bücher
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diegritz
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaaden
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kühnisch
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056624:Apexification / Q000379:methods*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005260:Female; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019279:Resin Cements; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C103502:Variolink; D006171:Gutta-Percha