title: Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Autonomic Indices - Implications of Sex-Specific Risk Stratification in Women After Acute Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: The debate on whether sex-specific predictive models improve risk stratification after myocardial infarction is ongoing.
  
  
  
  This review summarises the current clinical knowledge on sex-specific differences in post-infarction risk stratification parameters. Particular focus is given to electrocardiographic risk factors and indices of cardiac autonomic status.
  
  
  
  Differences in the underlying pathophysiology between men and women are known. However, clinical findings often lead to uncertain conclusions for a number of risk predictors including, among others, resting heart rate, heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence, QT interval duration, and QRS-T angle. The review links recent findings in prognostic parameters with successful approaches in sex-specific non-invasive risk stratification.
  
  
  
  Disparities are described in the current clinical opinions on the relevance of investigated parameters in women and possible directions for further research in the field are given.
authors.forename: Romy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ubrich
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barthel
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berkefeld
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hnatkova
authors.forename: Katharina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Huster
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dommasch
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinnecker
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, München 81675, Germany. gschmidt@tum.de.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors