title: Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer: comparison with Gleason scores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in estimating the Gleason score (GS) of prostate cancer (Pca).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six biopsy-proven cancers were categorized into four groups according to the GS: GS-6 (3 + 3); GS-7 (3 + 4/4 + 3); GS-8 (4 + 4) and GS-9 (4 + 5/5 + 4). APT signal intensities (APT SIs) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of each GS group were compared by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean and standard deviation of the APT SIs (%) and ADC values (×10(-3) mm(2)/s) were as follows: GS-6, 2.48 ± 0.59 and 1.16 ± 0.26; GS-7, 5.17 ± 0.66 and 0.92 ± 0.18; GS-8, 2.56 ± 0.85 and 0.86 ± 0.17; GS-9, 1.96 ± 0.75 and 0.85 ± 0.18, respectively. The APT SI of the GS-7 group was highest, and there were significant differences between the GS-6 and GS-7 groups and the GS-7 and GS-9 groups (p < 0.05). The ADC value of the GS-6 group was significantly higher than each value of the GS-7, GS-8, and GS-9 groups (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were obtained among the GS-7, GS-8, and GS-9 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean APT SI in Pca with a GS of 7 was higher than that for the other GS groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology Informatics and Network, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan. anishie@radiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishie
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.|Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Togao
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kousei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.affiliation: Philips Research, Roentgenstr. 24-26, 22335, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keupp
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry*; D001706:Biopsy; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D011522:Protons
keywords: Amide proton transfer; Apparent diffusion coefficient values; Gleason score; Prostate cancer