title: Serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentration in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A single prior study conducted in Chilean women has shown that women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a normal serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations despite polycystic ovarian morphology. As it is not clear why women with PCOS+T1DM would not have an elevated concentrations of AMH, we hypothesize that women with T1DM and PCOS have a similar hormonal profile and serum AMH levels as is observed in classic PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 89 women: 37 with T1DM (16 with PCOS+T1DM, 21 with T1DM/no-PCOS), 36 with PCOS (PCOS) and 16 healthy women (control group) matched for age and body mass index (BMI). A clinical examination, determination of serum AMH and sex hormones, and an ultrasonographic evaluation of the ovaries were performed for all study participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum AMH concentrations were significantly higher in women with PCOS+T1DM than in those with T1DM/no-PCOS (p<0.001) and was not different between both PCOS groups (PCOS vs PCOS+T1DM). Ovarian volume and ovarian follicle count did not differ between women with PCOS+T1DM and PCOS. The number of ovarian follicles was higher in patients with PCOS+T1DM and PCOS versus the control (p=0.007, p<0.001) and versus cases of T1DM/no-PCOS (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Cross-sectionally, AMH concentrations correlated positively with luteinizing hormone (LH) (r=0.4; p<0.001), testosterone (r=0.2, p=0.02), ovarian volume (r=0.4, p<0.001) and follicle count (r=0.7, p<0.001). In both groups, PCOS+T1DM and PCOS, AMH was related to LH (r=0.5; p=0.036; r=0.3; p=0.031) and to ovarian follicle number (r=0.7; p<0.001; r=0.4; p=0.006). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum AMH was the only predictor of PCOS in T1DM women (OR=1.73; 95% CI 1.07-2.79, p=0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with T1DM and PCOS have a similar hormonal profile and serum AMH concentrations as observed in classic PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Łebkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamska
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karczewska-Kupczewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikołajuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otziomek
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Milewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Górska
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wołczyński
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: irinak@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D009929:Organ Size; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011044:Poland; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone
keywords: AMH; PCOS; Polycystic ovarian morphology; Type 1 diabetes mellitus