title: Test-Retest Reliability of Physiological and Performance Responses to 120 Minutes of Simulated Soccer Match Play.
abstract: Harper, LD, Hunter, R, Parker, P, Goodall, S, Thomas, K, Howatson, G, West, DJ, Stevenson, E, and Russell, M. Test-retest reliability of physiological and performance responses to 120 minutes of simulated soccer match play. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3178-3186, 2016-This study investigated the test-retest reliability of physiological and performance responses to 120 minutes (90 minutes plus 30 minutes extra-time [ET]) of the soccer match simulation (SMS). Ten university-standard soccer players completed the SMS on 2 occasions under standardized conditions. Capillary and venous blood was taken pre-exercise, at half-time, and at 90 and 120 minutes, with further capillary samples taken every 15 minutes throughout the exercise. Core temperature (Tcore), physical (20- and 15-m sprint speeds and countermovement jump height), and technical (soccer dribbling) performance was also assessed during each trial. All variables except blood lactate demonstrated no systematic bias between trials (p > 0.05). During the last 15 minutes of ET, test-rest reliability (coefficient of variation %, Pearson's r, respectively) was moderate to strong for 20-m sprint speed (3.5%, 0.71), countermovement jump height (4.9%, 0.90), dribble speed (2.8%, 0.90), and blood glucose (7.1%, 0.93), and very strong for Tcore (1.2%, 0.99). Moderate reliability was demonstrated for 15-m sprint speed (4.6%, 0.36), dribble precision (11.5%, 0.30), plasma insulin (10.3%, 0.96), creatine kinase ([CK] 28.1%, 0.38), interleukin-6 (24%, 0.99), nonesterified fatty acids ([NEFA] 13.2%, 0.73), glycerol (12.5%, 0.86), and blood lactate (18.6%, 0.79). In the last 15 minutes of ET, concentrations of blood glucose and lactate and sprint and jump performances were reduced, whereas Tcore, NEFA, glycerol, and CK concentrations were elevated (p ≤ 0.05). The SMS is a reliable protocol for measuring responses across the full 120 minutes of soccer-specific exercise. Deleterious effects on performance and physiological responses occur during ET.
authors.affiliation: 1Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and 2Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors.forename: Liam D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howatson
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005990:Glycerol