title: What Factors are Responsible for Higher Prevalence of HIV Infection among Urban Women than Rural Women in Tanzania?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tanzania is the country hit the hardest by the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. The present study was carried out to examine the factors of HIV infection among women who lived in an urban area in Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey (2011-12) data was used. The sample size for urban and rural women who had been tested for HIV and ever had sex was 2227 and 6210 respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study found that rural women were significantly less likely to be HIV-infected compared to urban women (OR = 0.612, p<0.00). About 10% urban women were HIV-infected whereas 5.8% women in rural areas were HIV positive. Women who had more than five sex partners were significantly four times more likely to be HIV-infected as compared to women who had one sex partner (OR = 4.49, p<0.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that less-educated women, women belonging to poor or poorer quintile, women spending nights outside and women having more than one sex partner were significantly more likely to have HIV infection among urban women as compared to rural women. There is an urgent need for a short and effective program to control the HIV epidemic in urban areas of Tanzania especially for less-educated urban women.
authors.affiliation: International institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: International institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shraboni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Africa; HIV/AIDS; Monitoring; Tanzania; Urban; Women