title: Cell wall accumulation of fluorescent proteins derived from a trans-Golgi cisternal membrane marker and paramural bodies in interdigitated Arabidopsis leaf epidermal cells.
abstract: In most dicotyledonous plants, leaf epidermal pavement cells develop jigsaw puzzle-like shapes during cell expansion. The rapid growth and complicated cell shape of pavement cells is suggested to be achieved by targeted exocytosis that is coordinated with cytoskeletal rearrangement to provide plasma membrane and/or cell wall materials for lobe development during their morphogenesis. Therefore, visualization of membrane trafficking in leaf pavement cells should contribute an understanding of the mechanism of plant cell morphogenesis. To reveal membrane trafficking in pavement cells, we observed monomeric red fluorescent protein-tagged rat sialyl transferases, which are markers of trans-Golgi cisternal membranes, in the leaf epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Quantitative fluorescence imaging techniques and immunoelectron microscopic observations revealed that accumulation of the red fluorescent protein occurred mostly in the curved regions of pavement cell borders and guard cell ends during leaf expansion. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that apoplastic vesicular membrane structures called paramural bodies were more frequent beneath the curved cell wall regions of interdigitated pavement cells and guard cell ends in young leaf epidermis. In addition, pharmacological studies showed that perturbations in membrane trafficking resulted in simple cell shapes. These results suggested possible heterogeneity of the curved regions of plasma membranes, implying a relationship with pavement cell morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan. akita@ib.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.|Research and Development Division, LPixel Inc., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 150-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumaro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kutsuna
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.|Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasezawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higaki
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology*; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008164:Luminescent Proteins
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Exocytosis; Microscopic image analysis; Paramural body; Pavement cell; ST-mRFP