title: Low-molecular-weight polyphenols protect kidney damage through suppressing NF-κB and modulating mitochondrial biogenesis in diabetic db/db mice.
abstract: Hyperglycemia, increased inflammatory responses, and dysregulation of mitochondrial function accompanied by type 2 diabetes may eventually lead to kidney damage. We examined the protective effects of oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit and green tea, on kidney damage in diabetic db/db mice. Dietary oligonol supplementation lowered glucose and insulin levels and improved oral glucose tolerance. Oligonol attenuated serum resistin and IL-6 levels and reduced glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion caused by diabetes. Oligonol reduced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Suppressed renal oxidative stress by oligonol was associated with stimulated sirtuin1 expression and restored AMP-activated kinase protein α activity, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and mitochondrial biogenesis associated genes including nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A. In conclusion, oligonol reduced fasting glucose level, improved insulin sensitivity, suppressed inflammatory responses, and upregulated metabolic regulators involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby leading to protection against diabetes-induced kidney damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. sjchang@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hung-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. sjchang@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chu-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. sjchang@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sue-Joan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032125:Litchi / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D020011:Protective Agents; C514283:oligonol; D002392:Catechin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases