title: A comparison of two endoscopic closures: over-the-scope clip (OTSC) versus KING closure (endoloop + clips) in a randomized long-term experimental study.
abstract: Both over-the-scope clip (OTSC) and KING (endoloop + clips) closures provide reliable and safe full-thickness endoscopic closure. Nevertheless, OTSC clip demonstrated significantly inferior histological healing in the short-term follow-up.
  
  
  
  To compare OTSC versus KING closure of a perforation with regard to long-term effectiveness and macroscopic and histological quality of healing.
  
  
  
  We performed a randomized experimental study with 16 mini-pigs (mean weight 43.2 ± 11.2 kg). A standardized perforation was performed on the anterior sigmoid wall. KING closure (n = 8) was attained by approximation of an endoloop fixed to the margins of a perforation with endoclips. OTSC closure (n = 8) was performed by deploying OTSC (OVESCO) over the defect. Pigs underwent a control sigmoidoscopy 8 months after the closure to assess the macroscopic quality of healing. Then, autopsy was performed and the rectosigmoid was sent for histopathological assessment.
  
  
  
  All closures were completed successfully without air leaks. The duration of closure was similar in both techniques (OTSC 17.8 ± 7.6 min vs. KING 19.6 ± 8.8 min). At autopsy, all KING closures (100 %) were healed with a flat scar without signs of leakage. Microscopically, no inflammatory changes were observed after KING closure. In the OTSC group, microscopic ulcers were present in two pigs (25 %), cryptal abscesses in three pigs (38 %) and significant neutrophil accumulation in all eight pigs (P < 0.01). Giant cell granulomas, dysplasia or abundant scarification was not observed in either group.
  
  
  
  Both OTSC and KING closures offer a long-term reliable seal of a gastrointestinal perforation without stenosis or fistulas. KING closure provides long-term histologically superior healing.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. dolezrad@uvn.cz.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolezel
authors.affiliation: Surgery Department, Horovice Hospital, Horovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ryska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kollar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juhasova
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalvach
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryska
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. jan.martinek@volny.cz.|Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. jan.martinek@volny.cz.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D000072836:Surgical Wound / Q000473:pathology; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D058106:Wound Closure Techniques; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: Endoscopic closure; KING closure; NOTES; Over-the-scope clip (OTSC)