title: Psychosocial correlates of oral hygiene behaviour in people aged 9 to 19 - a systematic review with meta-analysis.
abstract: This systematic and meta-analytic review aimed to quantify the association of psychosocial correlates with oral hygiene behaviour among 9- to 19-year olds.
  
  
  
  A systematic search up to August 2015 was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. If necessary, authors of studies were contacted to obtain unpublished statistical information. A study was eligible for inclusion when it evaluated the association between the psychosocial correlates and oral hygiene behaviour varying from self-reports to clinical measurements, including plaque and bleeding scores. A modified New Castle Ottawa Scale was applied to examine the quality of the included studies.
  
  
  
  Twenty-seven data sets (k) presented in 22 publications, addressing nine psychosocial correlates, were found to be eligible for the meta-analysis. For both tooth brushing and oral hygiene behaviour, random effect models revealed significant weighted average correlation (r+ ) for the psychosocial factors: 'intention', 'self-efficacy', 'attitude' (not significant for tooth brushing), 'social influence', 'coping planning' and 'action planning' (r+ ranging from 0.18 to 0.57). Little or no associations were found for 'locus of control', 'self-esteem' and 'sense of coherence' (r+ ranges from 0.01 to 0.08).
  
  
  
  The data at present indicates that 'self-efficacy', 'intention', 'social influences', 'coping planning' and 'action planning' are potential psychosocial determinants of oral health behaviour. Future studies should consider a range of psychological factors that have not been studied, but have shown to be important psychosocial determinants of health behaviours, such as 'self-determination', 'anticipated regret', 'action control' and 'self-identity'. Effectiveness of addressing these potential determinants to induce behaviour change should be further examined by intervention trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Sports & Welfare/Cluster Oral Hygiene, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam, ACTA University, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneke F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Scheerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam, ACTA University, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Loveren
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Sports & Welfare/Cluster Oral Hygiene, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam & Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Parnassia Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Berno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Meijel
authors.affiliation: TNO Research Group, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dusseldorp
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Sports & Welfare/Cluster Oral Hygiene, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wartewig
authors.affiliation: TNO Research Group, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gijsbert H W
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Verrips
authors.affiliation: Departement Medical Library, Vrije Universtiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes C F
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ket
authors.affiliation: TNO Research Group, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pepijn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Empelen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011584:Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: behavioral science; dental health perceptions; oral hygiene; pediatric dentistry; psychosocial aspects of oral health