title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel outlet and mid forearm in patients with type II Mucopolysaccharidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ultrasonographic (US) evaluation of the median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel outlet (CTO) and mid forearm in pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) and comparison with healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen children with MPS II and 44 healthy children were included in the study and they were divided into three age groups. The cross-sectional area, the appearance of the nerve, and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas were evaluated by US.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the level of the CTO the mean area of the nerve was increased in all MPS II groups compared with the correspondent healthy age groups and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). At the level of the mid forearm the differences were statistically significant only for the first age group. Other US findings at the level of the CTO in the MPS II groups were represented by hypoechogenicity (86.67 % on the right and 93.33% on the left), thickened fascicles (80% bilaterally), irregular contour (53.33% bilaterally) and the presence of the Doppler signal including the nerve (26.67 % on the right and 33.33 % on the left). The CTO/mid forearm cross-sectional area ratio was higher in all MPS II age groups and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with MPS II there are significant US changes in the size and aspect of the median nerve.
authors.affiliation: "Interservisan" Medical and Surgical Centre, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bocsa
authors.affiliation: Emergency Children Hospital, 1st Pediatric Clinic, Department of Radiology and Imaging,Cluj-Napoca, Romania. carmen.asavoaie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Asavoaie
authors.affiliation: Emergency Children Hospital, 1st Pediatric Clinic, Department of Genetics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bucerzan
authors.affiliation: Emergency Children Hospital, 1st Pediatric Clinic, Department of Genetics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nascu
authors.affiliation: "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Epidemiology and Primary Health Care Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brumboiu
authors.affiliation: Emergency Children Hospital, 1st Pediatric Clinic, Department of Genetics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Camelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Al-Khzouz
mesh_terms: D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D016532:Mucopolysaccharidosis II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*