title: Retained Fractured Fragment of A Central Venous Catheter: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Safe Retrieval.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complication following fracture of a central venous catheter can be catastrophic to both the patient and the attending doctor. Catheter fracture has been attributed to several factors namely prolong mechanical force acting on the catheter, and forceful removal or insertion of the catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present case, the fracture was suspected during the process of removal. The tip of the catheter was notably missing, and an emergency chest radiograph confirmed our diagnosis of a retained fracture of central venous catheter. The retained portion was removed by the interventional radiologist using an endovascular loop snare and delivered through a femoral vein venotomy performed by the surgeon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular approach to retrieval of retained fractured catheters has helped tremendously to reduce associated morbidity and the need for major surgery. The role of surgery has become limited to instances of failed endovascular retrieval and in remote geographical locations devoid of such specialty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Reynu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nik
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Srijit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hanafiah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harunarashid
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Central venous catheter; endovascular; fracture; interventional radiology