title: Amniotic fluid calreticulin in pregnancies complicated by the preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the amniotic fluid calreticulin concentrations in women with the preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) based on the microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), intraamniotic inflammation (IAI) and microbial-associated IAI.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-eight women with singleton pregnancies were included in this study. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis and were assayed for calreticulin concentrations by ELISA. IAI was defined as an amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration > 745 pg/ml. Microbial-associated IAI was defined as the presence of both MIAC and IAI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with MIAC (with MIAC: median 54.4 ng/ml, versus without MIAC: median 32.6 ng/ml; p < 0.0001), IAI (with IAI: median 66.8 ng/ml, versus without IAI: median 33.0 ng/ml; p < 0.0001) and microbial-associated IAI (with microbial-associated IAI: median 82.5 ng/ml, versus without microbial-associated IAI: median 33.7 ng/ml; p < 0.0001) had higher concentrations of calreticulin than women without these complications. An amniotic fluid calreticulin concentration of 81.4 ng/ml was found to be the best cutoff point for identifying women with microbial-associated IAI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of microbial-associated IAI is associated with increased amniotic fluid calreticulin concentrations. Calreticulin seems to be a promising marker for the early identification of PPROM complicated by microbial-associated IAI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Musilova
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy , Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Ctirad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrys
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy , Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drahosova
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy , Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soucek
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kutova
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pliskova
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spacek
authors.affiliation: e Department of Perinatology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland .
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laudanski
authors.affiliation: f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University , Gothenburg , Sweden .|g Department of Genes and Environment , Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway , and.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .|h Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacerovsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000650:Amnion / Q000382:microbiology*; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000032:analysis*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037282:Calreticulin; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: Bacteria; chaperon; inflammation; preterm delivery