title: Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent onset of arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent arthritis onset, with and without mental disorder comorbidity adjustment. We aimed to determine whether specific types of mental disorders and increasing numbers of mental disorders were associated with the onset of arthritis later in life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using face-to-face household surveys, conducted in 19 countries from different regions of the world (n=52,095). Lifetime prevalence and age at onset of 16 DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed retrospectively with the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI). Arthritis was assessed by self-report of lifetime history of arthritis and age at onset. Survival analyses estimated the association of initial onset of mental disorders with subsequent onset of arthritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for comorbidity, the number of mood, anxiety, impulse-control, and substance disorders remained significantly associated with arthritis onset showing odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.2 to 1.4. Additionally, the risk of developing arthritis increased as the number of mental disorders increased from one to five or more disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests links between mental disorders and subsequent arthritis onset using a large, multi-country dataset. These associations lend support to the idea that it may be possible to reduce the severity of mental disorder-arthritis comorbidity through early identification and effective treatment of mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States. Electronic address: aguilargaxiola@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Gaxiola
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loera
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Estella M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Hendry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ton
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Carmen C W
authors.initials: CCW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Posada-Villa
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Medina-Mora
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Chiyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiestas
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovess-Masféty
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Ali Obaid
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Al-Hamzawi
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Yoshibumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Margreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ten Have
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wojtyniak
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caldas de Almeida
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florescu
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
authors.forename: Kate M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D001168:Arthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arthritis; Comorbidity; Mental disorders; Substance abuse