title: Tears of the fascia cruris demonstrate characteristic sonographic features: a case series analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  fascia cruris (FC) tears have recently been recognised in the literature, although little is known about their characteristic ultrasound findings. The aim was to describe the echo-graphic features of FC tears in order to improve recognition and diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  the ultrasound reports and images of >600 patients attending a specialist musculoskeletal clinic for Achilles tendon ultrasound scans between October 2010-May 2014 were reviewed. Any patient diagnosed with a FC tear had a structured data set extracted. All ultrasound images were performed by one consultant radiologist. Bilateral Achilles images were available for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sixteen patients from >600 subjects were diagnosed with a FC tear. Fourteen subjects were male and two female (mean age 37.8; range 23-61), with seven elite level sports men. Nine tears were right sided and seven left, with eight situated laterally and seven medially. Seven of the tears were situated in the musculotendinous junction. Symptomatic Achilles tendinopathy co-existed in ten of sixteen subjects (average transverse diameter of Achilles tendon = 7.1±2.0 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FC tears should be considered in the differential diagnoses for Achillodynia, diagnosed using their characteristic ultrasound findings, with a hypoechoic area at the medial or lateral attachment to the Achilles tendon in the transverse plane.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Webborn
authors.affiliation: BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London, UK; BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Dylan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrissey
keywords: Achilles; MRI; fascia cruris; tear; ultrasound