title: Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: A Comprehensive Review.
abstract: Periorbital hyperpigmentation is a commonly encountered condition. There is very little scientific data available on the clinical profile and pathogenesis of periorbital hyperpigmentation. Periorbital hyperpigmentation is caused by various exogenous and endogenous factors. The causative factors include genetic or heredity, excessive pigmentation, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation secondary to atopic and allergic contact dermatitis, periorbital edema, excessive vascularity, shadowing due to skin laxity and tear trough associated with aging. There are a number of treatment options available for periorbital hyperpigmentation. Among the available alternatives to treat dark circles are topical depigmenting agents, such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, and topical retinoic acid, and physical therapies, such as chemical peels, surgical corrections, and laser therapy, most of which are tried scientifically for melasma, another common condition of hyperpigmentation that occurs on the face. The aim of treatment should be to identify and treat the primary cause of hyperpigmentation as well as its contributing factors.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Sarkar, Ranjan, Garg V, and Bansal are from the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LokNayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Dr. Garg S is from the Department of Dermatology, Army College of Medical Sciences, Base Hopsital, Delhi Cantt-10, India. Dr. Sonthalia is from Skinnocence Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Drs. Sarkar, Ranjan, Garg V, and Bansal are from the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LokNayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Dr. Garg S is from the Department of Dermatology, Army College of Medical Sciences, Base Hopsital, Delhi Cantt-10, India. Dr. Sonthalia is from Skinnocence Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.affiliation: Drs. Sarkar, Ranjan, Garg V, and Bansal are from the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LokNayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Dr. Garg S is from the Department of Dermatology, Army College of Medical Sciences, Base Hopsital, Delhi Cantt-10, India. Dr. Sonthalia is from Skinnocence Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Drs. Sarkar, Ranjan, Garg V, and Bansal are from the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LokNayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Dr. Garg S is from the Department of Dermatology, Army College of Medical Sciences, Base Hopsital, Delhi Cantt-10, India. Dr. Sonthalia is from Skinnocence Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Drs. Sarkar, Ranjan, Garg V, and Bansal are from the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LokNayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Dr. Garg S is from the Department of Dermatology, Army College of Medical Sciences, Base Hopsital, Delhi Cantt-10, India. Dr. Sonthalia is from Skinnocence Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sidharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonthalia
authors.affiliation: Drs. Sarkar, Ranjan, Garg V, and Bansal are from the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LokNayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Dr. Garg S is from the Department of Dermatology, Army College of Medical Sciences, Base Hopsital, Delhi Cantt-10, India. Dr. Sonthalia is from Skinnocence Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Shivani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bansal