title: Antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities of Calotropis procera latex on Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to toxic 4-nonylphenol.
abstract: Calotropis procera L. is known as medicinal plant. The Phytochemical analyzes of its latex revealed that it possessed antioxidants, namely terpenes, phenolic compounds and cardenolides, flavonoids and saponins, while tannins, alkaloids and resin were absent in moderate to high concentration. In the present study, the role of latex of Calotropis procera as antioxidant and antiapoptotic was reported. To carry out this aim, fishes were exposed to 100 µg l(-1) 4-nonylphenol as chemical pollutant. The enzymes, superoxidase dismutase, catalase, acetlycholinstrase (AchE), glutathione s-transferase, cortisol, G6PDH) and apoptotic cells increased significantly (p<0.05) accompanied by irregular disturbance of (Na(+), K(+)) ions in the presence of 4-nonylphenol. On the other hand, these enzymes, ions, and apoptotic cells decreased normally and significantly (p<0.05) in the presence of latex. Total phenol content, total capacity antioxidant, reducing power decrease significantly (p<0.05) in the presence of 4-nonylphenol and increase normally in the presence of latex. Latex was used for the first time to protect catfish after 4-nonylphenol exposure. Our study confirms that crude latex of Calotropis procera possessed antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities against the toxicity of 4-Nonylphenol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Electronic address: alaa_h254@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alaa El-Din H
authors.initials: Ael-D
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Samtah, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nadia H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mady A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wael M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Abdel-Mageed
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Electronic address: ashoreit1968@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shoreit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D031107:Calotropis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D002397:Catfishes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood; D007840:Latex / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007840:Latex; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C041594:4-nonylphenol
keywords: 4-nonylphenol; Antioxidant; Apoptosis; Calotropis procera; Catfish; Latex