title: Health-related Culinary Education: A Summary of Representative Emerging Programs for Health Professionals and Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Beneficial correlations are suggested between food preparation and home food preparation of healthy choices. Therefore, there is an emergence of culinary medicine (CM) programs directed at both patients and medical professionals which deliver education emphasizing skills such as shopping, food storage, and meal preparation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this article is to provide a description of emerging CM programs and to imagine how this field can mature.
  
  
  METHODS
  During April 2015, 10 CM programs were identified by surveying CM and lifestyle medicine leaders. Program directors completed a narrative describing their program's structure, curricula, educational design, modes of delivery, funding, and cost. Interviews were conducted in an effort to optimize data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 10 culinary programs deliver medical education curricula educating 2654 health professionals per year. Educational goals vary within the domains of (1) provider's self-behavior, (2) nutritional knowledge and (3) prescribing nutrition. Six programs deliver patients' curricula, educating 4225 individuals per year. These programs' content varies and focuses on either specific diets or various culinary behaviors. All the programs' directors are health professionals who are also either credentialed chefs or have a strong culinary background. Nine of these programs offer culinary training in either a hands-on or visual demonstration within a teaching kitchen setting, while one delivers remote culinary tele-education. Seven programs track outcomes using various questionnaires and biometric data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently no consensus about learning objectives, curricular domains, staffing, and facility requirements associated with CM, and there has been little research to explore its impact. A shared strategy is needed to collectively overcome these challenges.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Polak), United States.
authors.forename: Rani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Phillips), United States.
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire (Dr Nordgren), United States.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nordgren
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Chef Clinic, Santa Barbara, California (Dr La Puma), United States.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: La Puma
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of San Antonio, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr La Barba), United States.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: La Barba
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (Dr Cucuzzella), United States.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cucuzzella
authors.affiliation: North Shore LIJ Health System and Lenox Hill Hospital, New York (Dr Graham), United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Harlan), United States.
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Harlan
authors.affiliation: Food Demonstration Kitchen, Boston Medical Center (Ms Burg), United States.
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burg
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (Dr Eisenberg), United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
keywords: Health; culinary education; nutrition