title: Translation, Validation, and Reliability of the Dutch Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument Computer Adaptive Test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate and user-friendly instruments for assessing physical function and disability in older adults are vital for estimating and predicting health care needs in clinical practice. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument Computer Adaptive Test (LLFDI-CAT) is a promising instrument for assessing physical function and disability in gerontology research and clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were: (1) to translate the LLFDI-CAT to the Dutch language and (2) to investigate its validity and reliability in a sample of older adults who spoke Dutch and dwelled in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the assessment of validity of the LLFDI-CAT, a cross-sectional design was used. To assess reliability, measurement of the LLFDI-CAT was repeated in the same sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The item bank of the LLFDI-CAT was translated with a forward-backward procedure. A sample of 54 older adults completed the LLFDI-CAT, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical functioning scale (10 items), and 10-Meter Walk Test. The LLFDI-CAT was repeated in 2 to 8 days (mean=4.5 days). Pearson's r and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) were calculated to assess validity, group-level reliability, and participant-level reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A correlation of .74 for the LLFDI-CAT function scale and the RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical functioning scale (10 items) was found. The correlations of the LLFDI-CAT disability scale with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the 10-Meter Walk Test were -.57 and -.53, respectively. The ICC (2,1) of the LLFDI-CAT function scale was .84, with a group-level reliability score of .85. The ICC (2,1) of the LLFDI-CAT disability scale was .76, with a group-level reliability score of .81.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high percentage of women in the study and the exclusion of older adults with recent joint replacement or hospitalization limit the generalizability of the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dutch LLFDI-CAT showed strong validity and high reliability when used to assess physical function and disability in older adults dwelling in the community.
authors.affiliation: R.M. Arensman, PT, MSc, Physical Therapy Research, Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Remco M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Arensman
authors.affiliation: M.F. Pisters, PT, PhD, Physical Therapy Research, Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room W01.121, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, the Netherlands. m.f.pisters@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Martijn F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pisters
authors.affiliation: J.M. de Man-van Ginkel, RN, PhD, Nursing Science, Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht.
authors.forename: Janneke M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Man-van Ginkel
authors.affiliation: M.J. Schuurmans, RN, PhD, Nursing Science, Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht.
authors.forename: Marieke J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schuurmans
authors.affiliation: A.M. Jette, PT, PhD, FAPTA, Health and Disability Research Institute, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jette
authors.affiliation: R.A. de Bie, PT, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014177:Translations