title: A history of experimental phasing in macromolecular crystallography.
abstract: It was just over a century ago that W. L. Bragg published a paper describing the first crystal structures to be determined using X-ray diffraction data. These structures were obtained from considerations of X-ray diffraction (Bragg equation), crystallography (crystal lattices and symmetry) and the scattering power of different atoms. Although W. H. Bragg proposed soon afterwards, in 1915, that the periodic electron density in crystals could be analysed using Fourier transforms, it took some decades before experimental phasing methods were developed. Many scientists contributed to this development and this paper presents the author's own perspective on this history. There will be other perspectives, so what follows is a history, rather than the history, of experimental phasing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isaacs
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D012542:Scattering, Radiation
keywords: experimental phasing; history