title: The effect of Wazzup Mama?! An antenatal intervention to prevent or reduce maternal distress in pregnancy.
abstract: We evaluated the effect of the intervention WazzUp Mama?! on antenatal maternal distress in a non-randomized pre-post study including healthy women in 17 Dutch midwifery practices. The control group (n = 215) received antenatal care-as-usual. The experimental group (n = 218) received the intervention. Data were collected at the first and third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal distress (MD) was measured with the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ). We used multivariate repeated-measure analysis to examine the across time changes and ANCOVA was used to examine the differences between the two groups. In the control group, mean EDS, STAI, and MD scores significantly increased from first to third trimester of pregnancy, mean PRAQ scores increased, but not significantly, the proportion of scores above cut-off level of EDS, STAI, and PRAQ significantly increased from first to third trimester, and the proportion of MD scores above cut-off level increased, but not significantly. Within the experimental group, the mean STAI, PRAQ, and MD scores significantly decreased from first to third trimester, the EDS mean scores decreased but not significantly, proportions of scores above cut-off level for PRAQ and MD significantly decreased from first to third trimester of pregnancy, the proportions of EDS and STAI scores above cut-off level decreased but not significantly. There was a moderate significant positive effect of WazzUP Mama?! on the MD scores (F(1.43) = 27.05, p < 0.001, d = 0.5). The results provide support for the effectiveness of the intervention WazzUp Mama?!
authors.affiliation: Midwifery Education & Studies Maastricht-ZUYD, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, PO Box 1256, 6201, Maastricht, The Netherlands. j.a.c.a.fontein-kuipers@hr.nl.
authors.forename: Yvonne J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Fontein-Kuipers
authors.affiliation: Midwifery Education & Studies Maastricht-ZUYD, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, PO Box 1256, 6201, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marlein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ausems
authors.affiliation: Midwifery Education & Studies Maastricht-ZUYD, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, PO Box 1256, 6201, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Maastricht University Medical Centre/CAPHRI, PO Box 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 300 North Ingalis Street, Rm 7C27, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5429, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Midwifery Education & Studies Maastricht-ZUYD, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, PO Box 1256, 6201, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marianne J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009426:Netherlands; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Antenatal intervention; Anxiety; Depression; Maternal distress; Pregnancy-related anxiety