title: Management of the calving pen is a crucial factor for paratuberculosis control in large dairy herds.
abstract: Improvement of hygiene and herd management to reduce the contact of calves with adult cow feces to prevent new infections is one of the basic strategies to manage paratuberculosis-affected dairy herds. Control programs should recommend an evidence-based selection of factors that demonstrably reduce the transmission of the infectious agent and decrease the prevalence of infected cattle to improve acceptance and implementation of the recommended measures among farmers. This study aimed to assess the influence of several management measures on control success in a longitudinal study in 28 large dairy herds with a median size of 415 cows in Thuringia, Germany. The cumulative incidence of cows shedding Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) per year was determined by individual fecal culture of all cows during 5 consecutive years. Relevant management practices as well as herd size, milk yield, and purchase of cattle were recorded by on-farm risk assessment. Mean holding time of MAP shedders within the herd was calculated from individual data of each shedding cow. Using multiple regression models, separate calving pens for shedders and disinfection of the pen after use were identified as significant risk factors that reduced the cumulative incidence of MAP shedders per year on the herd level. The results provide evidence that, in addition to other factors, calving hygiene and management of the calving pens are crucial for paratuberculosis control, particularly in large dairy herds. Considered together with the outcome from other studies, these results might be important to weight various risk factors and to avoid overburdening and overwhelming farmers and keeping them committed.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, Victor-Goerttler-Straße 4, 07775 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: kdonat@thueringertierseuchenkasse.de.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donat
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Service, Saxon Animal Diseases Fund, Löwenstraße 7a, 01099 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauter-Louis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003612:Dairying; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis; control measure; management practice; risk factor