title: Ullmann Reaction of Aryl Chlorides on Various Surfaces and the Application in Stepwise Growth of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks.
abstract: On-surface Ullmann coupling reaction of aryl chlorides has been achieved on Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111), and the mechanism has been investigated on the single molecule level using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. The different reactivity of the aryl halides was utilized to design a stepwise on-surface synthesis, which affords a zigzag template and then converts to 2D porous networks.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Ke Ji
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Ding Wang
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Cheng Xin
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Chen Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Deng Yuan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University , No.1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China.
authors.forename: Zi Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Xin Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Pei Nian
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Liu