title: The Contribution of Advanced Glycation End product (AGE) accumulation to the decline in motor function.
abstract: Diminishing motor function is commonly observed in the elderly population and is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences. Advanced Glycation End products (AGE's) may contribute to age-related decline in the function of cells and tissues in normal ageing. Although the negative effect of AGE's on the biomechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissues and the central nervous system have been previously described, the evidence regarding the effect on motor function is fragmented, and a systematic review on this topic is lacking. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted from a total of eight studies describing AGE's related to physical functioning, physical performance, and musculoskeletal outcome which reveals a positive association between high AGE's levels and declined walking abilities, inferior ADL, decreased muscle properties (strength, power and mass) and increased physical frailty. Elevated AGE's levels might be an indication to initiate (early) treatment such as dietary advice, muscle strengthening exercises, and functional training to maintain physical functions. Further longitudinal observational and controlled trial studies are necessary to investigate a causal relationship, and to what extent, high AGE's levels are a contributing risk factor and potential biomarker for a decline in motor function as a component of the ageing process.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands ; Zuid Oost Zorg, Organisation for Elderly Care. Burg, Wuiteweg 140, 9203 KP Drachten, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6376-9712
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drenth
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196 9700 AD, Groningen, HPC FA21 The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sytse
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zuidema
authors.affiliation: Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunt
authors.affiliation: Frailty in Ageing Research Group and Gerontology Department, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bautmans
authors.affiliation: Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Schans
authors.affiliation: Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hobbelen
keywords: Advanced Glycation End products; Ageing; Biomarker; Motor function; Systematic review