title: Effect of Fluoride Varnish Combined with Er:YAG Laser on the Permeability of Eroded Dentin: An In Situ Study.
abstract: This study evaluated the combined effect of fluoride varnish and Er:YAG laser on the permeability of eroded bovine root dentin. After initial erosive challenge followed by a remineralization period, the specimens were divided in two groups according to the treatment - fluoride varnish and non-fluoride varnish - and were subdivided according to the irradiation protocol: Er:YAG laser (100 mJ, 3 Hz, 12.8 J/cm2per pulse, non-contact and defocus mode) and non-irradiated. After a lead-in period, 7 volunteers wore a palatal device containing 4 specimens that were subjected to erosive challenges. At the first experimental phase, 4 volunteers used specimens treated with fluoride varnish and fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser and 3 volunteers used specimens treated with non-fluoride varnish and non-fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser. After a washout period, volunteers were crossed to treatments, characterizing a 2x2 crossover experiment. At the end of the experimental phase, the quantitative response variable was obtained by permeability analysis and the qualitative response by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer's test revealed that specimens treated with fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser showed the lowest permeability and a significant difference was found between this group and the others. When varnish (fluoride/non-fluoride) was applied in the absence of Er:YAG laser, higher permeability was found when compared to the laser-treated groups. SEM evaluations showed partially or completely obliterated dentinal tubules when specimens were treated with fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser. It may be concluded that Er:YAG laser was able to control the permeability of eroded root dentin and the combination with fluoride varnish increased laser action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Alencar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nemezio
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Chiga
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Siqueira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Scatolin
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNAERP- Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto,, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galo
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silmara Aparecida Milori
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Corona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003804:Dentin; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010150:Paint; D010539:Permeability; D014077:Tooth Erosion; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides