title: Validation of the Italian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale in nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Presenteeism has been associated with a work productivity reduction, a lower quality of work and an increased risk of developing health disorders. It is particularly high among nurses and needs valid tools to be assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validation study was carried out from July to September 2014. A three-section tool, made of a demographic form, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was administered to a sample of nurses, enrolled in three Italian hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's α for the entire sample (229 nurses) was found to be 0.72. A significant negative correlation between SPS and perceived stress scores evidenced the external validity. The factor analysis showed a two-component solution, accounting for 71.2% of the variance. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Italian SPS-6 is a valid and reliable tool for workplace surveys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the validity and reliability of SPS-6 has been confirmed for the Italian version, we have now a valid tool that can measure the levels of presenteeism among Italian nurses.
authors.affiliation: Local Health Service, Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy.|Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cicolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Della Pelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cerratti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franza
authors.affiliation: Section of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Pharmacology and Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Flacco
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D000069597:Presenteeism / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: health; nurse; presenteeism; reliability; validity