title: The maintaining and improving effect of grandchild care provision on elders' mental health-Evidence from longitudinal study in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to determine the impact of grandchild care provision on elders' mental health by self-comparison and longitudinal study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information of 2930 grandparents from the Study of Health and Living Status of the Middle-Aged and Elderly in Taiwan were analysed. Elders' mental health was evaluated by Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in both 2003 and 2007. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on their changing behaviour of caring for grandchildren from 2003 to 2007. Chi-square test was used to compare changes in elders' individual characteristics and total CESD scores between and within groups. ANOVA was used to compare the means of elders' depressive symptoms between groups while paired-t test was used to compare changes in elders' depression symptoms from 2003 to 2007. Logistic regression was performed to determine the associations between elders' changing behaviour of caring for grandchildren and changes in depressive symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elders continuously caring for grandchildren or started to take care of grandchildren significantly felt happier and enjoyed life more than before and more than elders who do not provide grandchild care. Logistic regression analyses exploring the impact of grandchild care provision found that elders provided no grandchild care had worst mental health amongst all. Elders stopped providing grandchild care had significantly higher risk of developing depressive symptoms (OR=1.40) than elders provided no grandchild care at all time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By self-comparison, this study illustrates how taking care of grandchildren maintains elders' mental health, especially against them from loneliness and depression.
authors.affiliation: Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Electronic address: jeanfjtsai@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Feng-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002654:Child Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D004645:Empathy; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D000066502:Grandparents / Q000523:psychology*; D006240:Happiness; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D008132:Loneliness; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: CESD; Grandchild care; Longitudinal; Mental health; Taiwan