title: Effect of Dietary Patterns on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in the Very Old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Healthy diet has been associated with better muscle strength and physical performance in cross-sectional studies of older adults but the effect of dietary patterns (DP) on subsequent decline, particularly in the very old (aged 85+), has not been determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association between previously established DP and decline in muscle strength and physical performance in the very old.
  
  
  METHODS
  791 participants (61.8% women) from the Newcastle 85+ Study were followed-up for change in hand grip strength (HGS) and Timed Up-and Go (TUG) test over 5 years (four waves 1.5 years apart). Mixed models were used to determine the effects of DP on muscle strength and physical performance in the entire cohort and separately by sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Previously we have established three DP that varied in intake of red meats, potato, gravy and butter and differed with key health and social factors. HGS declined linearly by 1.59 kgF in men and 1.08 kgF in women (both p<0.001), and TUG slowed by 0.13 log10-transformed seconds (log10-s) in men and 0.11 log10-s in women per wave after adjusting for important covariates (both p<0.001), and also showed a nonlinear change (p<0.001). Men in DP1 ('High Red Meat') had worse overall HGS (β = -1.70, p = 0.05), but men in DP3 ('High Butter') had a steeper decline (β = -0.63, p = 0.05) than men in DP2 ('Low Meat'). Men in DP1 and women in DP3 also had overall slower TUG than those in DP2 (β = 0.08, p = 0.001 and β = 0.06, p = 0.01, respectively), but similar rate of decline after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, and functioning factors. The results for HGS and TUG were not affected by participants' cognitive status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DP high in red meats, potato and gravy (DP1), or butter (DP3) may adversely affect muscle strength and physical performance in later life, independently of important covariates and cognitive status.
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Ageing, Geriatrics & Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Antoneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granic
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Ageing, Geriatrics & Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tom R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siervo
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|Ageing, Geriatrics & Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.|MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.|NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care: Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Avan Aihie
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sayer
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002079:Butter; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002079:Butter