title: Bone metabolism and hand grip strength response to aerobic versus resistance exercise training in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus has been shown in many studies to be associated with reduced bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Currently, our understanding of how to use exercise effectively in diabetic patients in prevention of osteoporosis is incomplete and has prompted our interest to identify the type of effective osteogenic exercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the changes in handgrip strength and bone metabolism after 6 months between aerobic and resistance exercise training in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients in Jeddah area.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred non-insulin dependent diabetic male patients participated in this study and were divided into two equal groups; the first group (A) received aerobic exercise training, where the second group (B) received resistance exercise training. The program consisted of three sessions per week for six months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values of serum calcium and Hand grip strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups .Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University.
authors.forename: Fadwa M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Al-Shreef
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University.
authors.forename: Osama H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Al-Jiffri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University.
authors.forename: Shehab M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Kader
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance; D055070:Resistance Training; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Aerobic exercise; bone mineral density; non-insulin dependent diabetes; resistance exercise