title: From Olive Fruits to Olive Oil: Phenolic Compound Transfer in Six Different Olive Cultivars Grown under the Same Agronomical Conditions.
abstract: Phenolic compounds are responsible of the nutritional and sensory quality of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The composition of phenolic compounds in EVOO is related to the initial content of phenolic compounds in the olive-fruit tissues and the activity of enzymes acting on these compounds during the industrial process to produce the oil. In this work, the phenolic composition was studied in six major cultivars grown in the same orchard under the same agronomical and environmental conditions in an effort to test the effects of cultivars on phenolic composition in fruits and oils as well as on transfer between matrices. The phenolic fractions were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. A total of 33 phenolic compounds were determined in the fruit samples and a total of 20 compounds in their corresponding oils. Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic composition were found among cultivars in both matrices, as well as regarding the transfer rate of phenolic compounds from fruits to oil. The results also varied according to the different phenolic groups evaluated, with secoiridoids registering the highest transfer rates from fruits to oils. Moreover, wide-ranging differences have been noticed between cultivars for the transfer rates of secoiridoids (4.36%-65.63% of total transfer rate) and for flavonoids (0.18%-0.67% of total transfer rate). 'Picual' was the cultivar that transferred secoiridoids to oil at the highest rate, whereas 'Changlot Real' was the cultivar that transferred flavonoids at the highest rates instead. Principal-component analysis confirmed a strong genetic effect on the basis of the phenolic profile both in the olive fruits and in the oils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. nassima.talhaoui@gmail.com.|Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain. nassima.talhaoui@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nassima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talhaoui
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. anagomez@ugr.es.|Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain. anagomez@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gómez-Caravaca
authors.affiliation: IFAPA Center of "Alameda del Obispo", Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain. lorenzo.leon@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: León
authors.affiliation: IFAPA Center of "Alameda del Obispo", Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain. raul.rosa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De la Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. albertof@ugr.es.|Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain. albertof@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. ansegura@ugr.es.|Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain. ansegura@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segura-Carretero
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D039823:Iridoids / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D039823:Iridoids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols
keywords: EVOO; olive fruit; phenolic compounds; six cultivars; transfer rates