title: Tracking inflammation in the epileptic rat brain by bi-functional fluorescent and magnetic nanoparticles.
abstract: Correct localization of epileptic foci can improve surgical outcome in patients with drug-resistant seizures. Our aim was to demonstrate that systemically injected nanoparticles identify activated immune cells, which have been reported to accumulate in epileptogenic brain tissue. Fluorescent and magnetite-labeled nanoparticles were injected intravenously to rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced chronic epilepsy. Cerebral uptake was studied ex vivo by confocal microscopy and MRI. Cellular uptake and biological effects were characterized in vitro in murine monocytes and microglia cell lines. Microscopy confirmed that the nanoparticles selectively accumulate within myeloid cells in the hippocampus, in association with inflammation. The nanoparticle signal was also detectable by MRI. The in vitro studies demonstrate rapid nanoparticle uptake and good cellular tolerability. We show that nanoparticles can target myeloid cells in epileptogenic brain tissue. This system can contribute to pre-surgical and intra-surgical localization of epileptic foci, and assist in detecting immune system involvement in epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: portnoye@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portnoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: Boris.Polyak@DrexelMed.edu.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Polyak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: dorrit.inbar@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Dorrit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inbar
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: giladankori@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kenan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: Ahmad.Rai@drexelmed.edu.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: WEHRLI@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wehrli
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: ROBERTSTIM@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Timothy P L
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: ameer.bi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ameer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: aniv.mnn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aniv
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: mirishmuel55@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shmuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: katro70@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rozovsky
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: galitzhak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Itzhak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: tamir@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Tamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben-Hur
authors.affiliation: Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: magdassi@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magdassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: dekstein@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekstein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; The David R. Bloom Centre for Pharmacy and Dr. Adolf and Klara Brettler Centre for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: sarae@ekmd.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eyal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery*; D006624:Hippocampus; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles
keywords: Epilepsy; Imaging; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic nanoparticles