title: Effects of high voltage nanosecond pulsed plasma and micro DBD plasma on seed germination, growth development and physiological activities in spinach.
abstract: In this study, we analyzed seed germination, seedling growth, and physiological aspects after treatment with high voltage nanosecond pulsed plasma and micro DBD plasma in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a green leafy vegetable known to have low germination rate. Both germination and dry weight of seedlings increased after high voltage pulse shots were applied to spinach seeds. However seeds treated with many shots (10 shots) showed a decrease in germination rate and seedling growth. Seeds treated with air DBD plasma exhibited slightly higher germination and subsequent seedling growth than those treated with N2 plasma. Seed surface was degenerated after treated with high voltage pulsed plasma and micro DBD plasma but no significant difference in the degree of degeneration was observed among micro DBD plasma treatment time. Level of GA3 hormone and mRNA expression of an amylolytic enzyme-related gene in seeds were elevated 1 day after treatment with high voltage pulsed plasma. The relative amount of chlorophyll and total polyphenols in spinach seedlings grown from seeds treated with air DBD plasma was increased in 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min treatments. Taken together, our results suggest a possibility that plasma can enhance seed germination by triggering biochemical processes in seeds.
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pengkit
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Junbuk, Gunsan, 573-540, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeunsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Junbuk, Gunsan, 573-540, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Junbuk, Gunsan, 573-540, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ehchoi@kw.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eun-Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gyungp@kw.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gyungsoon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D018525:Germination; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058626:Plasma Gases; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D036226:Seedlings / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D058626:Plasma Gases; D059808:Polyphenols; D002734:Chlorophyll; D012313:RNA; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Amylolytic enzyme; Germination; Gibberellin; High voltage nanosecond pulse plasma; Micro DBD plasma; Scanning electron microscope (SEM); Spinacia oleracea