title: Inflammatory cells, ceramides, and expression of proteases in perivascular adipose tissue adjacent to human abdominal aortic aneurysms.
abstract: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly irreversible weakening and distension of the abdominal aortic wall. The pathogenesis of AAA remains poorly understood. Investigation into the physical and molecular characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) adjacent to AAA has not been done before and is the purpose of this study.
  
  
  
  Human aortae, periaortic PVAT, and fat surrounding peripheral arteries were collected from patients undergoing elective surgical repair of AAA. Control aortas were obtained from recently deceased healthy organ donors with no known arterial disease. Aorta and PVAT was found in AAA to larger extent compared with control aortas. Immunohistochemistry revealed neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and T-cells surrounding necrotic adipocytes. Gene expression analysis showed that neutrophils, mast cells, and T-cells were found to be increased in PVAT compared with AAA as well as cathepsin K and S. The concentration of ceramides in PVAT was determined using mass spectrometry and correlated with content of T-cells in the PVAT.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest a role for abnormal necrotic, inflamed, proteolytic adipose tissue to the adjacent aneurysmal aortic wall in ongoing vascular damage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folkesson
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vorkapic
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gulbins
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Japtok
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kleuser
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welander
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Toste
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Länne
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: dick.wagsater@liu.se.
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wågsäter
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D002518:Ceramides / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C504120:CEACAM8 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002518:Ceramides; D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases