title: Association of FTO and near MC4R variants with obesity measures in urban and rural dwelling Sri Lankans.
abstract: To investigate the association between the fat mass and obesity related (FTO) gene rs9939609 and near melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene rs17782313 polymorphisms with obesity measures and metabolic parameters in urban and rural dwelling Sri Lankans.
  
  
  
  535 subjects (60.9% female) from the general adult population (ages 18-70 years) representative of both urban (28.4%) and rural areas of residence were recruited by multi-stage random sampling. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was obtained by standard methods. DNA extracted from whole blood was genotyped using real-time PCR.
  
  
  
  The FTO risk genotypes (AA+AT) were associated with higher BMI (p=0.03) and WC (p=0.05) measures as well as categorical obesity (BMI ≥27.5kgm-2definition) (OR 1.69 95% CI 1.11-2.56, p=0.01). The near MC4R risk genotypes (CC+CT) were associated with greater BMI (p=0.03) as well as categorical obesity (BMI ≥25kgm-2definition) (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.11-2.22, p=0.01). In addition the MC4R risk genotype carriers (CC+CT) had significantly higher fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels compared to the 'TT' genotype carriers independent of BMI (p=0.05). Urban living was associated with significantly greater BMI values for FTO risk genotypes compared to rural living (p=0.02).
  
  
  
  FTO and near MC4R variants are associated with obesity measures in Sri Lankan populations whilst urban living accentuates the obesogenic effect of the FTO polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: yasi04@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yasitha A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Illangasekera
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Ranjith P V
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kumarasiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kings Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Devaka J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Caroline F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dalton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D013188:Sri Lanka; D014505:Urban Population; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human
keywords: FTO; MC4R; Obesity; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Sri Lankan