title: Primary splenic torsion in dogs: 102 cases (1992-2014).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the percentage of dogs surviving to hospital discharge and identify factors associated with death prior to hospital discharge among dogs undergoing surgery because of primary splenic torsion (PST).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  102 client-owned dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of PST that underwent surgery between August 1992 and May 2014 were reviewed. History, signalment, results of physical examination and preoperative bloodwork, method of splenectomy, concurrent surgical procedures, perioperative complications, duration of hospital stay, splenic histopathologic findings, and details of follow-up were recorded. Best-fit multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify perioperative factors associated with survival to hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  93 of the 102 (91.2%) dogs survived to hospital discharge. German Shepherd Dogs (24/102 [23.5%]), Great Danes (15/102 [14.7%]), and English Bulldogs (12/102 [11.8%]) accounted for 50% of cases. Risk factors significantly associated with death prior to hospital discharge included septic peritonitis at initial examination (OR, 32.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1 to 502.0), intraoperative hemorrhage (OR, 22.6; 95% CI, 1.8 to 289.8), and postoperative development of respiratory distress (OR, 35.7; 95% CI, 2.7 to 466.0). Histopathologic evidence of splenic neoplasia was not found in any case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that the prognosis for dogs undergoing splenectomy because of PST was favorable. Several risk factors for death prior to discharge were identified, including preexisting septic peritonitis, intraoperative hemorrhage, and postoperative development of respiratory distress.
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: DeGroot
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Runge
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zide
authors.forename: Philipp D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: William T N
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Culp
authors.forename: Kelley Thieman
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Mankin
authors.forename: Pierre M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Amsellem
authors.forename: Brandi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrukovich
authors.forename: P Brendon
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ringwood
authors.forename: J Brad
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: Ameet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D013271:Gastric Dilatation / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D059485:Gastropexy / Q000662:veterinary; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary