title: HIV/AIDS: trends in the Middle East and North Africa region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To give an overview of the HIV epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles on the MENA region were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MENA region comprises a geographically defined group of countries including both high-income, well-developed nations and low- and middle-income countries. While the annual number of new HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa has declined by 33% since 2005, new HIV infections in the MENA region have increased by 31% since 2001, which is the highest increase among all regions in the world. Moreover, the number of AIDS-related deaths in 2013 was estimated to be 15000, representing a 66% increase since 2005. However, the current prevalence of 0.1% is still among the lowest rates globally. There is substantial heterogeneity in HIV epidemic dynamics across MENA, and different risk contexts are present throughout the region. Despite unfavorable conditions, many countries in the region have put significant effort into scaling up their response to this growing epidemic, while in others the response to HIV is proving slower due to denial, stigma, and reluctance to address sensitive issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIV epidemic in the MENA region is still at a controllable level, and this opportunity should not be missed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: deniz.gokengin@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gökengin
authors.affiliation: UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Islamic Republic of Iran. Electronic address: DoroudiF@unaids.org.
authors.forename: Fardad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doroudi
authors.affiliation: M-Coalition, Yazbeck Center, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: jtohme@afemena.org.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tohme
authors.affiliation: International HIV Partnerships, London, UK. Electronic address: bc@ihp.hiv.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address: navid_madani@dfci.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Madani
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000352:Africa, Northern / Q000453:epidemiology; D019049:Developed Countries; D058872:Epidemics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: HIV epidemiology; Middle East and North Africa