title: Exposure assessment of lead from food and airborne dusts and biomonitoring in pregnant mothers, their fetus and siblings in Karachi, Pakistan and Shimotsuke, Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure assessment of lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) from food, water, and house dust intake were assessed among pregnant women, their children and fetuses in Pakistan and Japan, as well as their body burden of the metals in their blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty families which included a pregnant woman, a fetus and the 1-3-year-old siblings were recruited in Karachi and Khairpur in Pakistan, and Shimotsuke and Asahikawa in Japan, respectively. Their dietary exposure to Pb and As was measured in 3-day food duplicates and drinking water by ICP-MP. Pb in house dust and respirable dust was evaluated with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Non-radioactive isotope Pb profiles of blood specimens will be compared with those of the exposure origins, such as food duplicates, respirable house dust, the soils nearby, and gasoline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Judging from the data collected and analyzed so far, contribution from dietary intake is highly correlated to higher body burden of Pb among Pakistani mothers. Additional data analyses will reveal the status of Pb and As body burden in Pakistani mothers, fetuses and their siblings, and causal sources of high body burden is delineated by Pb isotope profile analysis of different sources of Pb exposure.
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kayama
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fatmi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: Nathern
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mise
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagi
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Ambreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahito
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.forename: Kulsoom
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghias
authors.forename: Hina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zuberi
authors.forename: Kanwal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nohara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D001822:Body Burden; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002947:Cities; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005333:Fetus; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D010154:Pakistan; D011247:Pregnancy; D035781:Siblings; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead; D001151:Arsenic