title: Encapsulation of ω-3 fatty acids in nanoemulsion-based delivery systems fabricated from natural emulsifiers: Sunflower phospholipids.
abstract: Nanoemulsions have considerable potential for encapsulating and delivering ω-3 fatty acids, but they are typically fabricated from synthetic surfactants. This study shows that fish oil-in-water nanoemulsions can be formed from sunflower phospholipids, which have advantages for food applications because they have low allergenicity and do not come from genetically modified organisms. Nanoemulsions containing small droplets (d<150 nm) could be produced using microfluidization, by optimizing phospholipid type and concentration, with the smallest droplets being formed at high phosphatidylcholine levels and at surfactant-to-oil ratios exceeding unity. The physical stability of the nanoemulsions was mainly attributed to electrostatic repulsion, with droplet aggregation occurring at low pH values (low charge magnitude) and at high ionic strengths (electrostatic screening). These results suggest that sunflower phospholipids may be a viable natural emulsifier to deliver ω-3 fatty acids into food and beverage products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komaiko
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Ashtri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sastrosubroto
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: mcclements@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: David Julian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004355:Drug Stability; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D049329:Nanostructures; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; D055672:Static Electricity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water
keywords: Fish oil; Nanoemulsion; Natural surfactants; Phospholipids; Sunflower; ω-3