title: Comparison of Different Models of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different models of structured self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, three-arm, randomized, 36-week trial. There were 138 participants with a mean age of 58.7 years and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8.72% who were allocated to the following groups: six-pair glucose test of pre- and postprandial blood glucose (BG) per week (n = 43); three-pair glucose test of pre- and postprandial BG per week (n = 39); and seven-point BG testing before and after each meal and at bedtime over a course of 3 days in 1 month (n = 40).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intention-to-treat analysis revealed that all three groups showed significant reductions in HbA1c levels. Comparisons among the groups revealed that only the seven-point group had a significant greater reduction of HbA1c level compared with the three-pair group (between-group mean difference of -0.86 and -0.80 from baseline to 24 and 36 weeks, respectively). No severe hypoglycemic events were reported. Diabetes distress was slightly higher in the six-pair group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that BG testing at six pairs/week, three pairs/week, and seven points for 3 days/month were all effective in improving glycemic outcome, with greater reduction of HbA1c level in the seven-point for 3 days/month group, without increasing burdensome distress in SMBG.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nursing, Chung Shang Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Ching-Lu
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nursing, Chung Shang Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Yueh-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .|3 Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Edy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kornelius
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nursing, Chung Shang Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Yu-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nursing, Chung Shang Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Yu-Tze
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nursing, Chung Shang Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Huei-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University , Sha Lu, Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Chiung-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .|3 Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Yi-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .|3 Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Chien-Ning
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects; D015444:Exercise; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012890:Sleep; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human