title: Sources of organic matter (PAHs and n-alkanes) in PM2.5 of Beijing in haze weather analyzed by combining the C-N isotopic and PCA-MLR analyses.
abstract: Organic molecular composition and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of PM2.5 samples collected in November 2013 were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The samples represented six potential sources and seven sampling sites situated in concentric zones around Beijing under both haze and non-haze conditions. Our results showed that the average concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes were 258.2 ± 208.8 ng m(-3) and 499.5 ± 347.8 ng m(-3), while the δ(13)C and δ(15)N values for PM2.5 varied from -26.29 to -25.26‰ and from 8.68 to 14.50‰ with an average of -25.70 ± 0.3‰ and 11.97 ± 1.79‰, respectively. The highest concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes were recorded in the sixth ring road, with the lowest ones in the third ring road. Concentrations of PAHs during haze were higher than during non-haze conditions, while concentrations of n-alkanes were not markedly different. Principal component analysis/multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the main sources of PAHs were vehicle and coal combustion emissions, while n-alkanes had high contributions from petroleum emissions. These sources were supported by isotopic analyses. Thus, the main sources of organic matter contributing to haze in Beijing were coal combustion and vehicle emissions. Such results provide guidance towards managing haze in Beijing.
authors.affiliation: College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xinyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Meryem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briki
authors.affiliation: College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Huaijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com and The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 55002, China.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis*; D000068476:Beijing; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D016014:Linear Models; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000473:Alkanes; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003031:Coal; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions