title: Caries Detection around Restorations Using ICDAS and Optical Devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secondary caries is the major reason for replacement of restorations in operative dentistry. New detection methods and technology have the potential to improve the accuracy for diagnosis of secondary carious lesions. This in vitro study evaluated the performance of the ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) visual criteria and optical devices for detecting secondary caries around amalgam and composite resin restorations in permanent teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 extracted teeth with Class I amalgam (N = 90) and resin composite (N = 90) restorations were selected. Two examiners analyzed the teeth twice using the visual criteria (ICDAS), laser fluorescence (LF), light-emitting diode device (MID), quantitative light-induced fluorescence system (QLF), and a prototype system based on the Fluorescence Enamel Imaging technique (Professional Caries Detection System, PCDS). The gold standard was determined by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-reproducibility values were shown for all methods, except for MID in the amalgam group. For both groups the QLF and PCDS were the most sensitive methods, whereas the other methods presented better specificity (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All methods, except the MID device appeared to be potential methods for detecting secondary caries only around resin composite restorations, whereas around amalgam restorations all methods seemed to be questionable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using Internal Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), an LF device, quantitative light-induced fluorescence and a novel method based on Fluorescence Enamel Imaging technique may be effective for evaluating secondary caries around composite resin restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University-UNICSUL, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele Baffi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-2162
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: George Joseph
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Cabezas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia Loiola
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea Gonçalves
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Zandona
mesh_terms: D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D055095:Optics and Photonics