title: Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART): Design and Methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the design and methodology of the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial: Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART), the first randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of vision therapy on reading and attention in school-age children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI).
  
  
  METHODS
  CITT-ART is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of 324 children ages 9 to 14 years in grades 3 to 8 with symptomatic CI. Participants are randomized to 16 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy (OBVAT) or placebo therapy (OBPT), both supplemented with home therapy. The primary outcome measure is the change in the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Version 3 (WIAT-III) reading comprehension subtest score. Secondary outcome measures are changes in attention as measured by the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention (SWAN) as reported by parents and teachers, tests of binocular visual function, and other measures of reading and attention. The long-term effects of treatment are assessed 1 year after treatment completion. All analyses will test the null hypothesis of no difference in outcomes between the two treatment groups. The study is entering its second year of recruitment. The final results will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the treatment of symptomatic CI and its effect on reading and attention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study will provide an evidence base to help parents, eye professionals, educators, and other health care providers make informed decisions as they care for children with CI and reading and attention problems. Results may also generate additional hypothesis and guide the development of other scientific investigations of the relationships between visual disorders and other developmental disorders in children.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheiman
authors.forename: G Lynn
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.forename: Marjean
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulp
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borsting
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hertle
keywords: CI; CISS; CITT; Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey; Near point of convergence; attention; convergence insufficiency; reading; vision therapy