title: Genetic variation in male attractiveness: It is time to see the forest for the trees.
abstract: Female choice based on multiple male traits, rather than on any single one, has been reported in many species and may well be a rule rather than an exception. However, the implications this has for selection acting on choosiness itself remain underappreciated. We argue that this constitutes one of the important impediments to our understanding of the evolution of mate choice. We discuss this issue primarily in the context of the Fisherian model of sexual selection. We review theory and empirical data, showing how the crucial parameter of the model-genetic variation in male attractiveness-can be estimated when attractiveness is a function of multiple traits. Based on the reviewed theory, we show how relying on individual male traits, instead of overall attractiveness, can produce biased estimates of Fisherian benefits of female choice. This bias can be substantial, especially when many traits contribute to male attractiveness. We discuss a number of methodological issues that, we hope, will stimulate future studies and help resolving the long-standing mystery of mate choice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland. zofia.prokop@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Zofia M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Prokop
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.|Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Szymon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Drobniak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D052586:Mating Preference, Animal; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype
keywords: Fisherian selection; heritability; indicator models; indirect benefits; mate choice evolution; multivariate phenotypes