title: Human bone marrow-derived and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for alleviating neuropathic pain in a spinal cord injury model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stem cell therapy can be used for alleviating the neuropathic pain induced by spinal cord injuries (SCIs). However, survival and differentiation of stem cells following their transplantation vary depending on the host and intrinsic factors of the cell. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSC) and umbilical cord (UC-MSC) on neuropathic pain relief.
  
  
  METHODS
  A compression model was used to induce SCI in a rat model. A week after SCI, about 1 million cells were transplanted into the spinal cord. Behavioral tests, including motor function recovery, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia, were carried out every week for 8 weeks after SCI induction. A single unit recording and histological evaluation were then performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that BM-MSC and UC-MSC transplantations led to improving functional recovery, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. No difference was seen between the two cell groups regarding motor recovery and alleviating the allodynia and hyperalgesia. These cells survived in the tissue at least 8 weeks and prevented cavity formation due to SCI. However, survival rate of UC-MSC was significantly higher than BM-MSC. Electrophysiological evaluations showed that transplantation of UC-MSC brings about better results than BM-MSCs in wind up of wide dynamic range neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study show that BM-MSC and UC-MSC transplantations alleviated the symptoms of neuropathic pain and resulted in subsequent motor recovery after SCI. However, survival rate and electrophysiological findings of UC-MSC were significantly better than BM-MSC.
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. usefifard.tums.ac.ir@gmail.com.|Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. usefifard.tums.ac.ir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousefifard
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. nasirinezhad.f@iums.ac.ir.|Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. nasirinezhad.f@iums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Farinaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nasirinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. hshardimanaheji@yahoo.com.|Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. hshardimanaheji@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Homa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shardi Manaheji
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. atusa_j@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Atousa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mhossein110@yahoo.com.|Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mhossein110@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mkeshavarz@tums.ac.ir.|Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mkeshavarz@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014470:Umbilical Cord