title: Reactive oxygen species, essential molecules, during plant-pathogen interactions.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continually generated as a consequence of the normal metabolism in aerobic organisms. Accumulation and release of ROS into cell take place in response to a wide variety of adverse environmental conditions including salt, temperature, cold stresses and pathogen attack, among others. In plants, peroxidases class III, NADPH oxidase (NOX) locates in cell wall and plasma membrane, respectively, may be mainly enzymatic systems involving ROS generation. It is well documented that ROS play a dual role into cells, acting as important signal transduction molecules and as toxic molecules with strong oxidant power, however some aspects related to its function during plant-pathogen interactions remain unclear. This review focuses on the principal enzymatic systems involving ROS generation addressing the role of ROS as signal molecules during plant-pathogen interactions. We described how the chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes perceive the external stimuli as pathogen invasion, and trigger resistance response using ROS as signal molecule.
authors.affiliation: CEBAS-CSIC, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, E-30100, Murcia, Spain; ESPAM-MES, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, Manuel Félix López, Agricultural School, Manabí, Ecuador. Electronic address: daymicl@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Daymi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camejo
authors.affiliation: ESPAM-MES, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, Manuel Félix López, Agricultural School, Manabí, Ecuador; ULEAM-MES, "Eloy Alfaro" University, Agropecuary School, Manabí, Ecuador. Electronic address: angel_espam@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Cedeño
authors.affiliation: UTMachala-MES, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Botany Laboratory, Machala, Ecuador. Electronic address: amoreno@utmachala.edu.ec.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D057865:Plant Immunity; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010544:Peroxidases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: Biotic stress; NADPH oxidases; Organelle; Peroxidases; Superoxide