title: Consequences of hyperthyroidism in male and female fertility: pathophysiology and current management.
abstract: Thyroid hormone acts on the oocytes, sperm and embryo during fertilization, implantation and placentation. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may influence fertility. However, evidence of the association of hyperthyroidism with infertility is scarce and sometimes conflicting. Thyroid hormone influences human reproduction via a variety of mechanisms at both the central and the peripheral level. Infertility may occur in hyperthyroid men and women, but it is usually reversible upon restoration of euthyroidism. This review aims to summarize the available data on the association of hyperthyroidism and infertility in both men and women and to provide practical suggestions for the management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology and Unit of Human Reproduction, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.|Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mintziori
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Evgenidion Hospital, Thyroid Unit, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duntas
authors.affiliation: Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology and Unit of Human Reproduction, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. dimitrios.goulis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Goulis
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007246:Infertility / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male
keywords: Female infertility; Hyperthyroidism; Male infertility; Pathophysiology; Treatment