title: The Role of Dairy in Effectiveness and Cost of Treatment of Children With Moderate Acute Malnutrition: A Narrative Review.
abstract: Dairy is recommended in specially formulated supplementary foods to treat children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) but with limited evidence and added cost.
  
  
  
  Review studies of ready-to-use foods (RUFs) versus fortified blended foods (FBFs) to determine whether inclusion of dairy modifies the comparative effectiveness and cost.
  
  
  
  We reviewed literature comparing FBF and RUF in treatment of MAM among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Outcomes of recovery from MAM, weight, and length gain were compared among treatment categories: FBF with dairy (FBF+), FBF without dairy (FBF-), RUF with dairy (RUF+), and RUF without dairy (RUF-). Supplement cost was compared per 500 kcal.
  
  
  
  Eight studies were included. Rations were heterogeneous in energy and type of dairy. Overall, RUF+, RUF-, and FBF+ performed similarly, with higher recovery and weight gain compared with FBF-. RUF+ had higher recovery (in 5 of 6 comparisons), weight gain (4 of 4), and length gain (1 of 4) versus FBF-. The RUF+ had higher recovery (1 of 2) versus FBF+, with no other differences. The RUF- versus FBF+ had no differences (0 of 2). The RUF- had higher recovery (1 of 2), weight gain (2 of 2) versus FBF-. Four studies reported supplement costs, which averaged US$0.15 (FBF-), US$0.18 (FBF+), US$0.18 (RUF-), and US$0.37 (RUF+) per 500 kcal.
  
  
  
  There is a consistent benefit of FBF that include dairy in treatment of children with MAM. Benefits of dairy in RUF require further investigation. Evidence from rigorous quantitative analysis of existing data, cost-effectiveness, and prospective trials will be essential in determining policy on treatment for children with MAM.
authors.affiliation: Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA devika.suri@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Devika J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.affiliation: Strengthening Partnerships, Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) Project, Arlington, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Denish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moorthy
authors.affiliation: Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Irwin H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000191:economics*
keywords: children younger than 5 years; fortified-blended foods; lipid-based nutrient supplements; moderate acute malnutrition; ready-to-use supplementary foods