title: Association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and outcome of hepatitis B virus infection in southern Brazil.
abstract: A number of studies have demonstrated associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, no general consensus has been reached, possibly due to differences between ethnic groups. In this study, 345 individuals living in southern Brazil, including 196 chronic HBV carriers and 149 subjects who had spontaneously recovered from acute infection, were enrolled to evaluate the influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on the outcome of HBV infection. Most participants were of European descent. Genotyping of IL2-330 G/T, IL4-589C/T, IL6-174 G/C, IL10-592C/A, IL10-1082 A/G, IL17A-197 G/A, IL17A-692 T/C, TNF-α-238 G/A, and TNF-α-308 G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms was performed by using the minisequencing (single base extension) method. By multivariable analysis, a statistically significant association was found between genotypic profile AA + GA in TNF-α-308 and chronic HBV infection (OR, 1.82; 95%CI, 1.01-3.27; P = 0.046). In southern Brazil, the carriers of the -308A allele in the TNF-α gene promoter have a moderately higher risk of becoming chronic carriers in case of HBV infection. In addition, patients with chronic active hepatitis B (n = 60) exhibited a decreased frequency (3.3%) of the TNF-238A allele when compared to that (14.8%) found among asymptomatic HBV carriers (n = 136), suggesting that this could be a protective factor against liver injury (OR, 0.17; 95%CI, 0.04-0.076; P = 0.023). J. Med. Virol. 88:1759-1766, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Course on Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Centre for Scientific and Technological Development, State Foundation on Medical Production and Research, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina de Souza
authors.initials: Cde S
authors.lastname: Gusatti
authors.affiliation: Centre for Scientific and Technological Development, State Foundation on Medical Production and Research, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cintia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costi
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Course Course on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rúbia Marília
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Centre for Scientific and Technological Development, State Foundation on Medical Production and Research, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Halon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Scientific and Technological Development, State Foundation on Medical Production and Research, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarciana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.affiliation: Section of Viral Hepatitis, Municipal Department of Health, Chapecó, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arlete Ferrari Rech
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Centre for Scientific and Technological Development, State Foundation on Medical Production and Research, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Dornelles
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Centre for Scientific and Technological Development, State Foundation on Medical Production and Research, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodenbusch
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Course on Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Brazilian Lutheran University, Canoas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Susana Nunes
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niel
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Course on Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Centre for Scientific and Technological Development, State Foundation on Medical Production and Research, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Postgraduate Course on Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Brazilian Lutheran University, Canoas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Lucia Rosa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rossetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000502:physiology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508717:IL17A protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: HBV; SNP; chronicity; clinical outcome; immune response