title: Effect of complete hilar versus only renal artery clamping on renal histomorphology following ischemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of temporary complete hilar versus only renal artery clamping with different duration of warm ischemia on renal functions, and possibly identify a "safe" clamping type and duration of renal ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male rabbits have been incorporated to study. Rabbits were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury by temporary vascular clamping. Reagents were randomized to 3 experimental groups (only renal artery clamping, complete hilar clamping, sham surgery) and sub-groups were determined according to different clamping times (30 and 60 minutes). Median laparotomy and left renal hilus dissection were performed to sham group. Only artery or complete hilar clamping was performed for 30 or 60 minutes by microvascular bulldog clamps to other reagents. Rabbits were sacrificed 10 days after primary surgery and left nephrectomy performed. Nephrectomy materials were evaluated for the level of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an electron microscopic examination was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NOS immunoreactivity was correlated with the temporary clamping time. We also observed that complete hilar vascular clamping entails an increase on NOS immunoreactivity. MDA levels were similar for all experimental surgery groups (p = 0.42). The SOD activity was decreased among all subgroups compared with sham surgery. But the significant decrease occurred in 30 minutes only artery and 30 minutes complete hilar clamping groups in proportion to sham surgery (p = 0.026 and p = 0.019, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This current study suggested that only renal artery clamping under 30 minutes is more appropriate during renal surgical procedures requiring temporary vascular clamping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey. mehmetumul@sdu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umul
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oktem
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Aydın
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003250:Constriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D052096:Warm Ischemia