title: Evaluation of lemon fruit extract as an antioxidant agent against histopathological changes induced by cyclophosphamide in the testes of albino mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of lemon fruit extracts (LFE) against histopathological changes induced in the testes of male mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male mice were divided evenly into six groups: 1) group 1: the controls, 2) group 2: treated with LFE (10 ml/kg b wt.), 3) group 3: treated with CP (10 mg/kg b wt.), 4) group 4: treated with CP (20 mg/kg b wt.), 5) group 5: treated with LFE (10 ml/kg) + CP (10 mg/kg), 6) group 6: treated with LFE (10 ml/kg) + CP (20 mg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological examination of the testes of mice treated with CP revealed histopathological changes, such as atrophy, degeneration, incomplete spermatogenic series in most seminiferous tubules, and spermatogenic necrosis with pyknotic nuclei. Advanced degree of improvement was seen in testes of mice treated with LFE co-administered with CP. Most of the seminiferous tubules restored their normal structure and spermatogenic layers appeared semi-normal with complete spermatogenic series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lemon fruit extract in conjunction with drug treatment protects the testicular tissue against CP-induced testicular injury in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Salwa Mohammed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Quita
keywords: cyclophosphamide; histopathological changes; lemon fruit; mice; testes