title: Hydroxyapatite from fish scale for potential use as bone scaffold or regenerative material.
abstract: The present paper studies the physico-chemical, bioactivity and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) which is derived from fish scale (FS) (FSHA) and compares them with those of synthesized HA (sHA) obtained by co-precipitation from chemical solution as a standard. The analysis shows that the FSHA is composed of flat-plate nanocrystal with a narrow width size of about 15-20 nm and having a range of 100 nm in length and that the calcium phosphate ratio (Ca/P) is 2.01 (Ca-rich CaP). Whereas, synthesized HA consists of sub-micron HA particle having a Ca/P ratio of 1.65. Bioactivity test shows that the FSHA forms more new apatite than does the sHA after being incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. Moreover, the biocompatibility study shows a higher osteoblast like cell adhesion on the FSHA surface than on the sHA substrate after 3 days of culturing. Our results also show the shape of the osteoblast cells on the FSHA changes from being a rounded shape to being a flattened shape reflecting its spreading behavior on this surface. MTT assay and ALP analysis show significant increases in the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts over the FSHA scaffold after 5 days of culturing as compared to those covering the sHA substrates. These results confirm that the bio-materials derived from fish scale (FSHA) are biologically better than the chemically synthesized HA and have the potential for use as a bone scaffold or as regenerative materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: fsciwpp@ku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Weeraphat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pon-On
authors.affiliation: Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suntornsaratoon
authors.affiliation: Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Narattaphol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charoenphandhu
authors.affiliation: Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jirawan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thongbunchoo
authors.affiliation: Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nateetip
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnamra
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: I Ming
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D058500:Animal Fins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D017886:Durapatite / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Bone scaffolds; Bone tissue engineering; Fish scale; Hydroxyapatite; Natural resource