title: Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions between Direct-Acting Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Combination Regimens and the HIV-1 Antiretroviral Agents Raltegravir, Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Efavirenz, and Rilpivirine.
abstract: The three direct-acting antiviral agent (3D) regimen is a novel combination of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) that has proven effective for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Given the potential for coadministration in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, possible drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs must be carefully considered. Four phase 1, multiple-dose pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in healthy volunteers (n = 66). The 3D regimen of 150/100 mg daily paritaprevir/ritonavir, 25 mg daily ombitasvir, and 400 mg twice-daily dasabuvir was administered alone or in combination with 200 mg daily of emtricitabine and 300 mg daily of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF), 25 mg daily of rilpivirine, or 400 mg of raltegravir twice daily. A 2-DAA regimen of 150/100 mg daily paritaprevir/ritonavir and 400 mg of dasabuvir twice daily was also studied in combination with efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF at 600/200/300 mg daily, respectively (Atripla; Bristol-Myers Squibb). Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma drug concentrations. No clinically significant drug interactions were observed (≤32% change in exposure) between the 3D regimen and that of emtricitabine plus tenofovir DF. Raltegravir exposure was increased up to 134% when the drug was coadministered with the 3D regimen. Although coadministration with rilpivirine was well tolerated in healthy volunteers, observed elevations in rilpivirine exposures may increase the potential for adverse drug reactions. Concomitant use of the 2-DAA regimen and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF was discontinued owing to poor tolerability and adverse events. No dose adjustment is required during coadministration of raltegravir, tenofovir DF, or emtricitabine with the 3D regimen. Rilpivirine is not recommended and efavirenz is contraindicated for coadministration with the 3D regimen.
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, Inc., Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA amit.khatri@abbvie.com.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, Inc., Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, Inc., Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, Inc., Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Podsadecki
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, Inc., Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, Inc., Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Awni
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, Inc., Research and Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000068679:Emtricitabine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068696:Rilpivirine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068698:Tenofovir / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068696:Rilpivirine; D000068679:Emtricitabine; C098320:efavirenz