title: Glycosylation and other PTMs alterations in neurodegenerative diseases: Current status and future role in neurotrauma.
abstract: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) present a chief public health threat affecting nations worldwide. As numbers of patients afflicted by TBI are expected to rise, the necessity to increase our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism(s) as a result of TBI mounts. TBI is known to augment the risk of developing a number of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, it is rational to assume that a common mechanistic ground links the pathophysiology of NDs to that of TBIs. Through this review, we aim to identify the protein-protein interactions, differential proteins expression, and PTMs, mainly glycosylation, that are involved in the pathogenesis of both ND and TBI. OVID and PubMed have been rigorously searched to identify studies that utilized advanced proteomic platforms (MS based) and systems biology tools to unfold the mechanism(s) behind ND in an attempt to unveil the mysterious biological processes that occur postinjury. Various PTMs have been found to be common between TBI and AD, whereas no similarities have been found between TBI and PD. Phosphorylated tau protein, glycosylated amyloid precursor protein, and many other modifications appear to be common in both TBI and AD. PTMs, differential protein profiles, and altered biological pathways appear to have critical roles in ND processes by interfering with their pathological condition in a manner similar to TBI. Advancement in glycoproteomic studies pertaining to ND and TBI is urgently needed in order to develop better diagnostic tools, therapies, and more favorable prognoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.|Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hussein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abou-Abbass
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abou-El-Hassan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.|Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahmad
authors.affiliation: ER045 - Laboratory of Stem Cells, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.|Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Abir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zebian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rabab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shiyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mayse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahmad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine-School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Yehia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mechref
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kobeissy
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
keywords: Glycans; Glycomics; Neurodegenerative diseases; PTMs; TBI