title: Associations between sex, body weight, age, and ultrasonographically determined adrenal gland thickness in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether body weight, age, or sex was associated with ultrasonographically determined adrenal gland thickness (AT) in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  266 dogs (22 sexually intact and 119 castrated males and 19 sexually intact and 106 spayed females representing 12 breeds) with non-adrenal gland illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thickness of the caudal pole of the left and right adrenal glands was measured on longitudinal ultrasonographic images. Dogs were stratified into age and body weight categories to investigate associations with AT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AT was significantly lower in dogs that weighed ≤ 12 kg (26.4 lb) than in dogs that weighed > 12 kg and left AT increased with age. Both left and right AT were larger in male than in female dogs that weighed > 12 to ≤ 20 kg, and left AT was larger in male than in female dogs that weighed > 20 to ≤ 30 kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that body weight, age, and sex were significantly associated with AT, indicating that these variables should be considered when evaluating AT in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness and when developing reference intervals for AT in dogs. Further, findings indicated that dogs with non-adrenal gland illness that weigh ≤ 12 kg should have an AT no greater than 0.62 cm, whereas dogs that weigh > 12 kg should have an AT no greater than 0.72 cm.
authors.forename: Pedro L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bento
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Center
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Rodrigo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bicalho
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D001947:Breeding; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary