title: Female Genital Mutilation Is a Violation of Reproductive Rights of Women: Implications for Health Workers.
abstract: Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons. This coercive practice is still prevalent in many parts of the world, in both developed and developing countries. However, FGM is more prevalent in African countries and some Asian countries. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the prevalence and practice of FGM worldwide and its adverse effects on women's reproductive health. To fulfill the study objectives, the author collected evidence from various studies conducted by international agencies. Many studies found that FGM has no health benefits; is mostly carried out on girls before they reach the age of 15 years; can cause severe bleeding, infections, psychological illness, and infertility; and, most important, can have serious consequences during childbirth. The practice is mainly governed by the traditions and cultures of the communities without having any scientific or medical benefit. In conclusion, FGM is a practice that violates the human and reproductive rights of women.
authors.forename: Suresh Banayya
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jungari
mesh_terms: D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D024382:Professional Role; D046269:Reproductive Rights; D012947:Social Work / Q000458:organization & administration*