title: A comparison of two different doses of morphine added to spinal bupivacaine for inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different doses of intrathecal morphine on postoperative analgesia, postoperative first mobilization and urination times and the severity of side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  After Institutional Ethical Committee approval, 48 ASA I-II patients were enrolled in this randomized double-blinded study. Spinal anesthesia was performed with 0.1mg (Group I, n=22) or 0.4mg (Group II, n=26) ITM in addition to 7.5mg heavy bupivacaine. The first analgesic requirement, first mobilization and voiding times, and postoperative side effects were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 15.0 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The numeric data were analyzed by the t-test and presented as mean±SD. Categorical data were analyzed with the chi-square test and expressed as number of patients and percentage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic data were similar among groups. There were no differences related to postoperative pain, first analgesic requirements, and first mobilization and first voiding times. The only difference between two groups was the vomiting incidence. In Group II 23% (n=6) of the patients had vomiting during the first postoperative 24h compared to 0% in Group I (p=0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For inguinal hernia repairs, the dose of 0.1mg of ITM provides comparable postoperative analgesia with a dose of 0.4mg, with significantly lower vomiting incidence when combined with low dose heavy bupivacaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: basakceyda@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Basak Ceyda
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Meco
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bermede
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cagil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zekeriyya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alanoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alkis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: Analgesia pós-operatória; Morfina; Morphine; Postoperative analgesia; Raquianestesia; Spinal anesthesia; Vomiting; Vômito