title: Phenyl-functionalized magnetic palm-based powdered activated carbon for the effective removal of selected pharmaceutical and endocrine-disruptive compounds.
abstract: Triethoxyphenylsilane (TEPS)-functionalized magnetic palm-based powdered activated carbon (MPPAC-TEPS) was prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic methods, and then tested for the removal of bisphenol A, carbamazepine, ibuprofen and clofibric acid. Magnetite film on MPPAC-TEPS was homogeneously coated on the outer surface of palm-based powdered activated carbon (PPAC) through a hydrothermal co-precipitation technique. Followed by silanization of phenyl-functionalized organosilane on MPPAC's magnetic film. As results, micro/mesopore surface area and volume increased without significant pore clogging and iron (Fe) dissolution under the acidic conditions was greatly decreased. The unique structural and chemical features of MPPAC-TEPS were found to be the main reasons for the enhanced adsorption rates and removal capacities of POPs. The presence of electrolytes and different pH values greatly affected the sorption efficiencies. The dominant sorption mechanism of POPs by MPPAC-TEPS was determined to be π-π interaction (physisorption), based on thermodynamic (ΔG°) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal regeneration at a low temperature (350 °C) was an effective method to desorb the retained POPs and enabled to reactivate MPPAC-TEPS with sustained sorption rates and capacities, whereas PPAC was largely exhausted. As a new type of sorbent for POPs, MPPAC-TEPS has operational advantages, such as magnetic separation and stable regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kien Tiek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Yeomin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Shane A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: minjang@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002220:Carbamazepine; D002244:Carbon; D002995:Clofibric Acid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007052:Ibuprofen; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010636:Phenols; D012821:Silanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Adsorption; Magnetite film; Organosilane; Palm-based powdered activated carbon; Persistent organic pollutants