title: Understanding Intimate Partner Violence in Jordan: Application of the Ecological Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and contrast the Heise "ecological model of gender-based violence" with factors related to "intimate partner violence" (IPV) in Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Findings of empirical studies examining IPV against Jordanian women were analyzed using the Heise ecological model (1998).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors identified in the literature were generally consistent with the ecological model. However, the literature on IPV in Jordan rarely examined the role of community-level factors in the exosystem and sociopolitical factors in the macrosystem. Consequently, little is known about how these exosystem and macrosystem factors affect IPV in Jordan. The Heise model was then adapted to reflect identified factors in the Jordanian cultural context.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More research aimed at uncovering barriers to identification and treatment of IPV targeting the exosystem and macrosystem is needed.
authors.affiliation: Eman Abu Sabbah, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Eman Abu
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sabbah
authors.affiliation: Yu-Ping Chang, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor, School of Nursing, The State University of New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Nancy Campbell-Heider, PhD, FNP, NP-C, CARN-AP, FAANP, FIAAN, is Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Campbell-Heider
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000208:ethnology*; D007597:Jordan / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: Ecological model; Jordan; intimate partner violence