title: Glucose availability enhances lipopolysaccharide production and immunogenicity in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acinetobacter baumannii can cause sepsis with high mortality rates. We investigated whether glucose sensing might play a role in A. baumannii pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out transcriptome analysis and extracellular polysaccharide determination in an A. baumannii clinical isolate grown on complex medium with or without glucose supplementation, and assessed its ability to induce production of inflammatory cytokines in human macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth in glucose-supplemented medium strongly enhanced A. baumannii sugar anabolism, resulting in increasing lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In addition, glucose induced active shedding of lipopolysaccharide, in turn triggering a strong induction of inflammatory cytokines in human macrophages. Finally, hemolytic activity was strongly enhanced by growth in glucose-supplemented medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that sensing of exogenous glucose might trigger A. baumannii pathogenesis during sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical & Research Center Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marialuisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbagallo
authors.affiliation: Institute of of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Clelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peano
authors.affiliation: Institute of of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Clarissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Consolandi
authors.affiliation: Institute of of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrelli
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical & Research Center Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaillon
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical & Research Center Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garlanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Landini
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; LPS; glucose; host-pathogen interactions; innate immune response; macrophage; sepsis; transcriptomics; virulence factors