title: Optogenetic Engineering of Atrial Cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Optogenetics is emerging in the cardiology field as a new strategy to explore biological functions through the use of light-sensitive proteins and dedicated light sources. For example, this technology allows modification of the electrophysiological properties of cardiac muscle cells with superb spatiotemporal resolution and quantitative control. In this chapter, the optogenetic modification of atrial cardiomyocytes (aCMCs) from 2-day-old Wistar rats using lentiviral vector (LV) technology and the subsequent activation of the light-sensitive proteins (i.e., ion channels) through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are described.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Iolanda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Feola
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teplenin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.|ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Moreelsepark 1, 3511 EP, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antoine A F
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. D.A.Pijnappels@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Daniël A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pijnappels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060846:Cell Engineering / Q000379:methods; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000166:cytology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D012243:Rhodopsin
keywords: Atrial cardiomyocytes; Lentiviral vectors; Light-emitting diode (LED); Optical mapping; Optogenetics