title: Education Influences Creativity in Dyslexic and Non-Dyslexic Children and Teenagers.
abstract: Are dyslexic children and teenagers more creative than non-dyslexic children and teenagers? Whether creativity is higher in dyslexia, and whether this could be related to neurological development specific to the dyslexic disorder, or to compensatory strategies acquired later in life, remains unclear. Here, we suggest an additional role of differential educational approaches taken in each school that could either enhance or suppress an already higher baseline creativity of dyslexic children and teenagers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Creativity in dyslexic and non-dyslexic children and teenagers from different schools in France and in Belgium, as well as in students from different universities, was evaluated with the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Children and teenagers with dyslexia and/or with other similar dysfunctions showed higher creativity scores than non-dyslexic participants. Moreover, the educational approach could further enhance the creative scores in dyslexia, which could be as high as those measured in students from art universities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that dyslexic children and teenagers can be highly creative. Yet, expression of creativity can be modulated by educational approach, indicating a probable advantage for personal follow-up compared to normalizing education strategies.
authors.affiliation: IRIS team Physiopathology of Binocular Motor Control & Vision, FR3636 Neuroscience, CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Zoï
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kapoula
authors.affiliation: Ecole de Psychologues Praticiens, 23 rue du Montparnasse, 75006, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Ecole de Psychologues Praticiens, 23 rue du Montparnasse, 75006, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.affiliation: Ecole de Psychologues Praticiens, 23 rue du Montparnasse, 75006, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mocorovi
authors.affiliation: IRIS team Physiopathology of Binocular Motor Control & Vision, FR3636 Neuroscience, CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chrystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaertner
authors.affiliation: Collège et Lycée Saint Sulpice, 68 rue d'Assas, 75006, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quilici
authors.affiliation: IRIS team Physiopathology of Binocular Motor Control & Vision, FR3636 Neuroscience, CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vernet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003405:Creativity; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D055815:Young Adult