title: Disrupted Sleep in Narcolepsy: Exploring the Integrity of Galanin Neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Area.
abstract: To examine the integrity of sleep-promoting neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) in postmortem brains of narcolepsy type 1 patients.
  
  
  
  Postmortem examination of five narcolepsy and eight control brains.
  
  
  
  VLPO galanin neuron count did not differ between narcolepsy patients (11,151 ± 3,656) and controls (13,526 ± 9,544).
  
  
  
  A normal number of galanin-immunoreactive VLPO neurons in narcolepsy type 1 brains at autopsy suggests that VLPO cell loss is an unlikely explanation for the sleep fragmentation that often accompanies the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.|Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.|Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Yury V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Gavrilov
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Mihoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Hasini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haybaeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University Center for Narcolepsy, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mignot
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.|Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Scammell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.|Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philipp O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Valko
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019004:Galanin
keywords: galanin; narcolepsy; sleep fragmentation; ventrolateral preoptic area