title: PARK16 polymorphisms, interaction with smoking, and sporadic Parkinson's disease in Japan.
abstract: Epidemiological evidence on the relationships between PARK16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is inconsistent. We examined this issue in Japan. Included were 229 cases within six years of PD onset. Controls were 356 patients without neurodegenerative disease. Compared with subjects with the AA genotype of SNP rs823128, those with the AG genotype, but not the GG genotype, had a significantly reduced risk of sporadic PD. Compared with the AA genotype of SNP rs947211, both the AG genotype and the GG genotype were significantly related to an increased risk of sporadic PD. Using subjects with the AA genotype of SNP rs823156 as a reference group, there were significant inverse relationships under the additive and dominant models. No significant relationships were found between SNPs rs16856139 or rs11240572 and sporadic PD. The CAAAC, the TGAGA, and the CAGAC haplotypes were significantly related to sporadic PD. The additive interaction between SNP rs823128 and smoking affecting sporadic PD was significant, although the multiplicative interaction was not significant. The PARK16 SNPs rs823128, rs947211, and rs823156 and the CAAAC, TGAGA, and CAGAC haplotypes may be significantly associated with sporadic PD in Japan. New evidence of an additive interaction between SNP rs823156 and smoking is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan. Electronic address: miyake.yoshihiro.ls@ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Wakaba
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakae
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.affiliation: College of Healthcare Management, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Case–control study; Gene–environment interaction; Japanese; PARK16 polymorphisms; Parkinson's disease; Smoking