title: Discrepancy between clinicoradiological and surgicopathological staging in stage 1 carcinoma endometrium: Identification of risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoma endometrium carries an excellent prognosis when diagnosed early. But controversies exist in the management of Ca endometrium confined to the uterus as to whether a complete surgical staging including lymph node dissection is needed always. This may increase unnecessary surgical morbidity for some. On the other hand, if not done it fails to recognize a subset of patients who require adjuvant treatment, thus affecting the outcome. Hence it is very important to categorize the patients to assess the need of complete surgical staging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the following study is to identify the risk factors influencing the upstaging of disease in clinicoradiologically stage 1 carcinoma endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective database evaluation of all cases of clinicoradiologically stage 1 carcinoma endometrium from January 2009 to September 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Done using the statistical software SPSS--version 16 for windows (SPSS Inc. 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor Chicago, IL 60606-6412) Independent samples test (t-test for equality of means) were done and (two-tailed) P < 0.05--were significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carcinoma endometrium patients with grade 1, no or < 50% myometrial involvement, <2 cm size and no isthmus involvement had low risk of upstaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant upstaging is seen in the present study with per-operative staging procedures. Until the standardization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and reporting, or until a more sensitive non-invasive technique is devised, staging lymphadenectomy appears to be invaluable in risk assessment and prognosis.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chitrathara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asima
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Gynaecological Oncology, Lakeshore Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neetha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors