title: Nanotechnology Formulations for Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides.
abstract: Free fatty acids and monoglycerides have long been known to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that is based on lytic behavior against bacterial cell membranes. Considering the growing challenges of drug-resistant bacteria and the need for new classes of antibiotics, the wide prevalence, affordable cost, and broad spectrum of fatty acids and monoglycerides make them attractive agents to develop for healthcare and biotechnology applications. The aim of this review is to provide a brief introduction to the history of antimicrobial lipids and their current status and challenges, and to present a detailed discussion of ongoing research efforts to develop nanotechnology formulations of fatty acids and monoglycerides that enable superior in vitro and in vivo performance. Examples of nano-emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and controlled release hydrogels are presented in order to highlight the potential that lies ahead for fatty acids and monoglycerides as next-generation antibacterial solutions. Possible application routes and future directions in research and development are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore. jjackman@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jackman
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore. bokyeong001@e.ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Bo Kyeong
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore. lidanlin0319@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Danlin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore. njcho@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Nam-Joon
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004655:Emulsions; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D008081:Liposomes; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D020100:Hydrogels; D008081:Liposomes; D050178:Monoglycerides
keywords: antimicrobial lipid; emulsion; fatty acid; hydrogel; liposome; monoglyceride; nanotechnology; solid lipid nanoparticle