title: Effects of hemarthrosis on cartilage and synovium in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide experimental basis for clinic treatment by observing the effects of simple acute hematoma on cartilage and synovium, and improvement of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided 3 groups according to killed time: hematoma group, HA group and control group. These rabbits were killed at 4 days, 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Knee articular cartilage and synovium were obtained to detect histology, histochemistry and chondroitin proteoglycans (PG). Morphologies of cartilage and synovium in the control group were normal, while cartilage cells were detected hyperplasia of activation and each layer was disorganized in hematoma groups with 4 days and 2 weeks. Compared to the control group, concentrations of PG in 4 days and 2 weeks groups were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was detected between 4 weeks group and the control group. Morphology was recovered normal in 8 weeks. Compared to hematoma group, morphology and histochemistry were improved in HA group at each time frame.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple acute hematoma can lead to temporary change of morphology and biochemistry. Application of HA can reduce damage of hemarthrosis on cartilaginous and shorten the cartilage recovery time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Osteoarthritis, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Out-patient, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Osteoarthritis, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, China.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Osteoarthritis, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, China. shuyaguocn@163.com.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006395:Hemarthrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011817:Rabbits; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011509:Proteoglycans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Cartilage; Hemarthrosis; Hyaluronic acid (HA); Proteoglycans (PG)