title: Prospect and progress of personalized peptide vaccinations for advanced cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The field of cancer immunotherapy has made dramatic progress in the past 20 years, in part due to the identification of numerous tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). We have developed a novel immunotherapeutic approach called the personalized peptide vaccine (PPV), in which a maximum of four human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched vaccine peptides are selected based on the pre-existing host immunity before vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review describes recent progress in the use of PPV for various types of advanced cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although various approaches for therapeutic cancer immunotherapies, including peptide-based vaccines, have been developed and clinically examined, the diverse and heterogeneous characteristics of tumor cells and host immunity seem to limit their therapeutic efficacy. Selection of suitable peptide vaccines for individual patients based on the pre-existing host immunity before vaccination could resolve this limitation and could be a rational approach for developing effective cancer vaccines.
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy , Kurume University , Kurume , Japan.|b Cancer Vaccine Center , Kurume University , Kurume , Japan.|c Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Shinjiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy , Kurume University , Kurume , Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy , Kurume University , Kurume , Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: b Cancer Vaccine Center , Kurume University , Kurume , Japan.
authors.forename: Kyogo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.affiliation: b Cancer Vaccine Center , Kurume University , Kurume , Japan.|d Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute , Yokohama , Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D014611:Vaccination; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D010455:Peptides; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit
keywords: Advanced cancer; biomarker; cancer immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; clinical trial; peptide epitope; personalized peptide vaccine