title: New Bone Formation in Tuberculous-Infected Vertebral Body Defect after Administration of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Rabbit Model.
abstract: METHODS
  Preliminary experimental study using a rabbit spondylitis model.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To observe the ossification in a micro-environment containing live Mycobacterium tuberculosis transplanted with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in rabbits.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  BMSCs differentiate to osteoblasts and then osteocytes during ossification. Mycobacterium tuberculosis does not affect BMSC growth in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six rabbits were divided into two groups of three rabbits. One group was positive for spondylitis tuberculosis by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathologically. The other group was positive by PCR and histopathologically. Both groups were treated using BMSC transplantation and anti-tuberculosis drugs. After 6 weeks, ossification was evaluated by enumerating the number of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and lesion level of calcium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean number of osteoblasts was 207.00±31.00 in the first group and 220.33±73.46 in the second group. Mean number of intra-lesions osteocytes was in the first and second group was 18.33±30.04 and 31.00±26.87, respectively. Mean calcium level in the first group and second group was 2.94%±0.89% and 2.51%±0.13%, respectively. Total ossification score in the first and second group was 31.00 and 25.67, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis provides support for new bone formation by stimulating intra-lesion calcium metabolism. The microscopic environment containing live Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances ossification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Jabir
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rahyussalim
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Cluster, MERC Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Tri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurniawati
authors.affiliation: Department Patologi Anatomic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nurjati Chairani
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Siregar
authors.affiliation: Department Microbiologi Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Syahrurachman
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ismail Hadisubroto
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Dilogo
authors.affiliation: Primata Research Center, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Diah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iskandriati
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Arni Diana
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Fitri
keywords: Calcium level; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Ossification