title: The Roles of Cigarette Smoking and the Lung in the Transitions Between Phases of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis.
abstract: While the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains to be fully elucidated, recent research has advanced the understanding of RA pathogenesis to the point where clinical trials for RA prevention are underway. The current paradigm for RA pathogenesis is that individuals progress through distinct preclinical phases prior to the onset of clinically apparent RA. These preclinical RA phases consist of genetic risk, local inflammation, presence of RA-related autoantibodies, asymptomatic systemic inflammation, and early non-specific symptoms prior to clinical seropositive RA. Epidemiologic studies have been important in forming hypotheses related to the biology occurring in preclinical RA. Specifically, studies associating cigarette smoking with overall RA risk as well as transitions between phases of preclinical RA were vital in helping to establish the lung as a potential important initiating site in the pathogenesis of seropositive RA. Herein, we review the epidemiology associating smoking with transitions in preclinical phases of RA as well as the recent literature supporting the lung as a critical site in RA pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. jasparks@partners.org.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Karlson
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA); Lung; Pre-RA; Pulmonary; Rheumatoid arthritis (RA); Smoking