title: Yeast Culture and Vitamin E Supplementation Alleviates Heat Stress in Dairy Goats.
abstract: This study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of yeast yeast culture (YC) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on endotoxin absorption and antioxidant status in lactating dairy goats suffering from heat stress (HS). Three first lactation Saanen dairy goats (body weight 30±1.5 kg) were surgically fitted with indwelling catheters in the portal vein, mesenteric vein and carotid artery, and were randomly assigned to a 3×3 Latin square design. Dietary treatments were the basal diet, and the basal diet supplemented with either 100 IU VE or 30 g YC. Goats were kept in temperature and humidity-controlled room at 35°C from 8:00 to 20:00 and at 24°C from 20:00 till the next morning at 8:00. The relative humidity was kept at 55%. HS increased dairy goats' rectum temperature and respiration frequency (p<0.01). HS reduced plasma flux rate of milk goats (p<0.01), but the plasma flux rate increased when the animal was under the conditions of the thermo-neutral period (p<0.01). The VE supplementation lowered dairy goats' rectum temperature during thermo-neutral period (p<0.01). Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed between the control and YC treatment in rectum temperature and respiration frequency (p>0.05). Dietary supplementation of VE and YC reduced heat stressed dairy goats' endotoxin concentration of the carotid artery and portal vein (p<0.01). However, the endotoxin concentration of the YC treatment was higher than that of the VE treatment (p<0.01). Both VE and YC supplementation decreased heat stressed dairy goats' absorption of endotoxin in portal vein (p<0.01). The endotoxin absorption of YC treatment was higher than the VE treatment (p<0.01). The addition of VE and YC decreased dairy goats' superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration during HS and the whole experiment period (p<0.01). The addition of VE lowered SOD concentration during thermo-neutral period (p<0.01). Likewise, the addition of VE and YC lowered dairy goats' malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration during HS and the whole experimental period, and the MDA concentration in the VE treatment was lower than the YC treatment (p<0.05). The addition of VE decreased MDA concentration during thermo-neutral period. On the contrast, the addition of VE increased dairy goats total antioxidant potential (TAP) concentration during HS, thermo-neutral and the whole experimental period (p<0.01). The addition of YC increased TAP concentration only during HS period (p<0.01). It is concluded that both VE and YC are useful in alleviating HS of dairy goats by weakening endotoxin absorption and promoting antioxidant capacity. Compared with YC, VE is much more powerful in easing dairy goats HS.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Zhisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Huawei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Quanhui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
keywords: Dairy Goats; Endotoxin Absorption; Heat Stress; Vitamin E; Yeast Culture