title: Use of two grasses for the phytoremediation of aqueous solutions polluted with terbuthylazine.
abstract: The capacity of two grasses, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), to remove terbuthylazine (TBA) from polluted solutions has been assessed in hydroponic cultures. Different TBA concentrations (0.06, 0.31, 0.62, and 1.24 mg/L) were chosen to test the capacity of the two grasses to resist the chemical. Aerial biomass, effective concentrations (to cause reductions of 10, 50, and 90% of plant aerial biomass) and chlorophylls contents of orchardgrass were found to be more affected. Tall fescue was found to be more capable of removing the TBA from the growth media. Furthermore, enzymes involved both in the herbicide detoxification and in the response to herbicide-induced oxidative stress were investigated. Glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC. 2.5.1.18) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC. 1.11.1.11) of tall fescue were found to be unaffected by the chemical. GST and APX levels of orchardgrass were decreased by the treatment. These negative modulations exerted by the TBA on the enzyme of orchardgrass explained its lower capacity to cope with the negative effects of the TBA.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural , Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia , Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele Del
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Buono
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural , Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia , Italy.
authors.forename: Euro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pannacci
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural , Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia , Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Luce
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bartucca
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural , Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia , Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nasini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural , Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia , Italy.
authors.forename: Primo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural , Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tei
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D031745:Dactylis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D031751:Festuca / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C037565:terbutylazine
keywords: Ascorbate peroxidase; glutathione S-transferase; herbicide pollution; herbicide resistance; orchardgrass; tall fescue