title: Effect of intrathecal clonidine versus fentanyl on bupivacaine spinal block in transurethral resection of prostate surgeries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study aimed at comparing the onset, degree and recovery time of sensory and motor block, the hemodynamic effects and postoperative pain relief using intrathecal bupivacaine alone, bupivacaine along with fentanyl and clonidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 patients, undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) surgeries under spinal anesthesia were studied. Patients were randomly divided in a double-blind manner into three groups of 30 patients each. Group A (control) patients given subarachnoid block with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.5 ml of normal saline. Group B patients were given subarachnoid block with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine along with fentanyl 25 μg. Group C patients were given subarachnoid block with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg along with clonidine 30 μg and 0.3 ml of normal saline. After administering the subarachnoid block, vitals were recorded before and after surgery. Level of sensory block, the duration of motor block (DOMB), duration of sensory blockade (DOSB), the quality of postoperative analgesia using linear visual analog scale (VAS), and side effects were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time required to attain a maximum height of the block was significantly more in Group B as compared to Groups A and C, which was statistically significant. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and C. The mean DOSB in Groups A, B, and C were 90.83 ± 9.48 min, 135.33 ± 12.59 min, and 155.17 ± 17.49 min, respectively. The mean DOMB in Groups A, B, and C were 83.83 ± 6.52 min, 115.50 ± 14.70 min and 120.67 ± 11.50, respectively. Time of the first request of analgesia in Groups A, B and C in postoperative period were 132.50 ± 21.53 min, 296.00 ± 50.07 min, and 311.83 ± 65.34 min. patients had. VAS was significantly of higher value in Group A than Groups B and C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal clonidine in a combination of bupivacaine for TURP provides more satisfactory anesthesia and analgesia and has less side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Gurpreet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: SGRD Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Gurmehar Singh
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Aulakh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Navpreet Kaur
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Aulakh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rupinder Mirley
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Sasaram, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katayal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Baldev Singh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Aulakh
keywords: Bupivacaine; clonidine; fentanyl; intrathecal block; transurethral resection of prostate