title: Alcohol Drinking Among Kosovar Adolescents: An Examination of Gender-Specific Sociodemographic, Sport, and Familial Factors Associated With Harmful Drinking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent alcohol consumption is a significant public-health problem, although there is a lack of studies investigating this issue in Kosovo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to examine the prevalence of alcohol drinking, and the factors associated with harmful drinking (HD) in Kosovar 17-18 years old adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 636 girls and 366 boys (17-18 years old) from Pristina, Kosovo. The independent variables included sociodemographic factors, variables examining familial-monitoring and conflict (familial-variables), and sport-factors. Alcohol-drinking (dependent variable) was measured by means of the alcohol use disorders identification test scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  39% of the girls and 43% of the boys reported HD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17; 95% confidence interval = 0.90-1.55). A higher likelihood of HD is found for those girls whose mothers have an advanced education (OR = 1.59), who reported a higher level of conflict with their parents (OR = 1.95), whose parents are frequently absent from home (OR = 1.93), and who reported lower religiosity (OR = 0.90). HD is more frequent among boys who have participated longer in sports (OR = 1.49), whose fathers have an advanced education (OR = 1.80), and who reported higher level of familial conflict (OR = 2.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HD is high. Knowing the problems related to alcohol drinking in girls (violence, trafficking, etc.), public-health authorities should urgently develop a specific preventive programme (SPP) to combat the misuse of alcohol. In preparing SPP, special attention should be paid to the varying influences of the studied factors on HD in boys and girls.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
authors.forename: Dorica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sajber
authors.affiliation: b Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport, Republic of Kosovo , Pristina , Kosovo.
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tahiraj
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split , Split , Croatia.
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zenic
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split , Split , Croatia.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peric
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split , Split , Croatia.|d Department of Health Care Studies , University of Split , Split , Croatia.
authors.forename: Damir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sekulic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D063826:Kosovo / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Binge drinking; logistic regression; relationship; sport competition