title: Analyses of pressure ulcer point prevalence at the first skin assessment in a Portuguese hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the first pressure ulcer risk and skin assessment records of hospitalized adult patients in medical and surgical areas of Aveiro Hospital during 2012 in association with their demographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record database from 7132 adult patients admitted to medical and surgical areas in a Portuguese hospital during 2012. The presence of (at least) one pressure ulcer at the first skin assessment in inpatient setting was associated with age, gender, type of admission, specialty units, length of stay, patient discharge and ICD-9 diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Point prevalence of participants with pressure ulcer category/stage I-IV of 7.9% at the first skin assessment in inpatient setting. A total of 1455 pressure ulcers were documented, most of them category/stage I. The heels and the sacrum/coccyx were the most problematic areas. Participants with pressure ulcer commonly had two or more pressure ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The point prevalence of participants with pressure ulcer of our study was similar international literature. The presence of a pressure ulcer at the first skin assessment could be an important measure of frailty and the participants with pressure ulcer commonly had more than one documented pressure ulcer. Advanced age or lower Braden Scale scores or Emergency Service admission were relevant variables for the presence of (at least) one pressure ulcer at the first skin assessment in inpatient setting as well as respiratory, infectious or genitourinary system diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, EPE, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Oporto, Portugal. Electronic address: pedro.sardo@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Pedro Miguel
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Garcez Sardo
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: claudiasimoes@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Cláudia Sofia Oliveira
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: jalvarelhao@ua.pt.
authors.forename: José Joaquim Marques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Alvarelhão
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, EPE, Portugal. Electronic address: cesar.costa.14052@chbv.min-saude.pt.
authors.forename: César Telmo
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Oliveira e Costa
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, EPE, Portugal. Electronic address: carlos.simoes@chbv.min-saude.pt.
authors.forename: Carlos Jorge Cardoso
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, EPE, Portugal. Electronic address: jorge.figueira.12415@chbv.min-saude.pt.
authors.forename: Jorge Manuel Rodrigues
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: jflindo@ua.pt.
authors.forename: João Filipe Fernandes Lindo
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: famado@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Francisco Manuel Lemos
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: antonio.amaro@ua.pt.
authors.forename: António José Monteiro
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: elsamelo@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Elsa Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pinheiro de Melo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003050:Coccyx; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012447:Sacrum; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: International classification of diseases; Nursing; Nursing assessment; Pressure ulcer; Prevalence; Risk assessment