title: Schneiderian first rank symptoms in schizophrenia: A developmental neuroscience evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self disorders in schizophrenia have been suggested to have distinct neurobiological underpinnings. Using comprehensive neuro-scientific assessments including a neurophysiological, a neurochemical and a neuropsychological marker, this study assesses disordered-"self" in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty schizophrenia patients with first rank symptoms (FRS;FRS+), 20 patients without FRS (FRS-) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were assessed for psychopathology, especially on specially designed FRS score sheets with a narrow and a broad definition. Resting state electroencephalography was acquired using 256-electrodes; gamma spectral-power was measured in 8 regions of interest. Serum BDNF and self-monitoring were also assessed. Comparative and correlation analysis were conducted in addition to a step-wise discriminant function analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FRS+ group with greater positive symptom score and a lower negative symptom score, showed significantly increased gamma spectral power, especially on right hemispheric regions, along with lower BDNF levels and lower scores on self-monitoring compared to FRS- and HC. Serum BDNF levels and gamma spectral power in the region corresponding right inferior parietal lobule were identified as predictors that most accurately classified the defined groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia patients satisfying the criteria of presence of first rank symptoms represent a distinct neurodevelopmental subgroup with associated features of predominantly positive symptoms, significantly lower neurotrophin levels, aberrant resting state brain activity in the heteromodal association cortex and performing poorer on self-monitoring tasks.
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Center for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi 834006, Jharkhand, India. Electronic address: cricsai@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sai Krishna
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tikka
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Center for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi 834006, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: S Haque
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nizamie
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Center for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi 834006, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Archana Kumari
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Center for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi 834006, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Center for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi 834006, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goyal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D065818:Gamma Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009488:Neurosciences; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
keywords: BDNF; FRS; Gamma spectral-power; Schizophrenia; Self disorders; Self-monitoring