title: YKL-40 is a CSF biomarker of intrathecal inflammation in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
abstract: YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is a glycoprotein predominantly produced by reactive astrocytes in chronic active MS lesions, which are common in secondary progressive MS. In this study, YKL-40 was investigated in different stages of MS and in relation to MRI findings. YKL-40 levels in CSF samples from two independent patient cohorts of MS patients were determined with ELISA. CSF YKL-40 was increased in patients with active relapsing-remitting MS and correlated with the number of gadolinium enhancing lesions. Patients with secondary progressive MS had similar high levels of YKL-40, whereas not active relapsing-remitting MS patients had YKL-40 levels comparable to healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: joachim.burman@neuro.uu.se.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: raili.raininko@radiol.uu.se.
authors.forename: Raili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raininko
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: kaj.blennow@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom. Electronic address: henrik.zetterberg@clinchem.gu.se.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: markus.axelsson@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: clas.malmestrom@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Clas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malmeström
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D037102:Lectins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Biomarker; GFAp; MRI; Multiple sclerosis; SF; YKL-40; sCD14