title: Bacopaside I ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via immune-mediated clearance of β-amyloid.
abstract: Standardized extracts of Bacopa monniera (BME) have been shown to exert a neuroprotective effect against mental diseases, such as depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease (AD), in chronic administration studies. However, its mechanism of action has remained unclear. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of Bacopaside I (BS-I), a major triterpenoid saponin of BME, on the cognitive impairment and neuropathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and explored the possible mechanism from a biological systems perspective. We found that BS-I treatment significantly ameliorated learning deficits, improved long-term spatial memory, and reduced plaque load in APP/PS1 mice. We constructed BS-I's therapeutic effect network by mapping the nodes onto the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed according to their functional categories based on genomic and proteomic data. Because many of the top enrichment categories related to the processes of the immune system and phagocytosis were detected, we proposed that BS-I promotes amyloid clearance via the induction of a suitable degree of innate immune stimulation and phagocytosis. Our research may help to clarify the neuroprotective effect of BME and indicated that natural saponins target the immune system, which may offer new research avenues to discover novel treatments for AD.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yunheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rongcai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.|Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D034681:Bacopa; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008517:Phytotherapy; D020543:Proteome; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D020543:Proteome; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C442170:bacopaside I
keywords: APP/PS1 mice; Alzheimer's disease; Bacopaside I; immune; phagocytosis; β-amyloid