title: Continuous glucose monitoring in preterm infants: evaluation by a modified Clarke error grid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Continuous glucose monitoring using subcutaneous sensors has been validated in adults and children with diabetes, and was found to be useful in the management of glucose control. We aimed to assess feasibility and reliability of a new continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in a population of preterm neonates using a Clarke error grid (CEG) specifically modified for preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants were recruited within 24 h from delivery. A subcutaneous sensor connected to a CGMS was inserted and maintained for 6 days. Data collected from CGMS were compared with data obtained using a glucometer. Management of the infants followed standard protocols and was not influenced by CGMS readings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients (9 males) were included. Median (range) gestational age was 32 weeks (27-36) and median (range) birth weight was 1350 g (860-3360). Average CGMS recording time was 137 h, for a total of 449 paired glucose levels. CEG and modified CEG criteria for clinical significance were met.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CGMS is a safe and clinically adequate method to estimate glucose levels in preterm infants. As the glucose level can be evaluated in real time, this CGMS could be useful to reduce the number of heel sticks, to observe glycaemic trends and to promptly detect episodes of both hypo- and hyper-glycaemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. eloisatiberi@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Eloisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tiberi
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. francesco.cota@policlinicogemelli.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cota
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. gbarone85@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. alpex@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. valerioromano@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. rossellaiannotta89@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iannotta
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. cromagnoli@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UniversityHospital "A.Gemelli" CatholicUniversity of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. enrizecca@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zecca
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose