title: The Impact of Biopsy on Human Embryo Developmental Potential during Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis.
abstract: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening (PGD/PGS) for monogenic diseases and/or numerical/structural chromosomal abnormalities is a tool for embryo testing aimed at identifying nonaffected and/or euploid embryos in a cohort produced during an IVF cycle. A critical aspect of this technology is the potential detrimental effect that the biopsy itself can have upon the embryo. Different embryo biopsy strategies have been proposed. Cleavage stage blastomere biopsy still represents the most commonly used method in Europe nowadays, although this approach has been shown to have a negative impact on embryo viability and implantation potential. Polar body biopsy has been proposed as an alternative to embryo biopsy especially for aneuploidy testing. However, to date no sufficiently powered study has clarified the impact of this procedure on embryo reproductive competence. Blastocyst stage biopsy represents nowadays the safest approach not to impact embryo implantation potential. For this reason, as well as for the evidences of a higher consistency of the molecular analysis when performed on trophectoderm cells, blastocyst biopsy implementation is gradually increasing worldwide. The aim of this review is to present the evidences published to date on the impact of the biopsy at different stages of preimplantation development upon human embryos reproductive potential.
authors.affiliation: GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Via G. de Notaris 2/b, 00197 Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Istologiche, Medico Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Sezione Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cimadomo
authors.affiliation: GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Via G. de Notaris 2/b, 00197 Rome, Italy; GENETYX, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Fermi 1, 36063 Marostica, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capalbo
authors.affiliation: GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Via G. de Notaris 2/b, 00197 Rome, Italy; GENETYX, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Fermi 1, 36063 Marostica, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ubaldi
authors.affiliation: GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Via G. de Notaris 2/b, 00197 Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Istologiche, Medico Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Sezione Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Catello
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scarica
authors.affiliation: Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Antonio Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palagiano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Istologiche, Medico Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Sezione Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canipari
authors.affiliation: GENERA Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Via G. de Notaris 2/b, 00197 Rome, Italy; GENETYX, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Fermi 1, 36063 Marostica, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rienzi
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D059705:Polar Bodies / Q000166:cytology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*