title: Use of Temperature Sensors to Determine Exclusivity of Improved Stove Use and Associated Household Air Pollution Reductions in Kenya.
abstract: Household air pollution (HAP) contributes to 3.5-4 million annual deaths globally. Recent interventions using improved cookstoves (ICS) to reduce HAP have incorporated temperature sensors as stove use monitors (SUMs) to assess stove use. We deployed SUMs in an effectiveness study of 6 ICSs in 45 Kenyan rural homes. Stove were installed sequentially for 2 weeks and kitchen air monitoring was conducted for 48 h during each 2-week period. We placed SUMs on the ICSs and traditional cookstoves (TCS), and the continuous temperature data were analyzed using an algorithm to examine the number of cooking events, days of exclusive use of ICS, and how stove use patterns affect HAP. Stacking, defined as using both a TCS and an ICS in the same day, occurred on 40% of the study days, and exclusive use of the ICS occurred on 25% of study days. When researchers were not present, ICS use declined, which can have implications for long-term stove adoption in these communities. Continued use of TCSs was also associated with higher HAP levels. SUMs are a valuable tool for characterizing stove use and provide additional information to interpret HAP levels measured during ICS intervention studies.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, United States.|Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lozier
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, United States.
authors.forename: Kanta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sircar
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, United States.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Berkeley Air Monitoring Group , Berkeley, California 94704, United States.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pillarisetti
authors.affiliation: Berkeley Air Monitoring Group , Berkeley, California 94704, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pennise
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L3 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L3 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Debbi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanistreet
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naeher
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, United States.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pilishvili
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer Loo
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.affiliation: Nyando Integrated Child Health and Education Project , Safe Water and AIDS Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nyagol
authors.affiliation: Berkeley Air Monitoring Group , Berkeley, California 94704, United States.
authors.forename: Justus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muoki
authors.affiliation: Berkeley Air Monitoring Group , Berkeley, California 94704, United States.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wofchuck
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, United States.
authors.forename: Fuyuen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D003296:Cooking / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006794:Household Articles / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D002248:Carbon Monoxide