title: Vitamin D3 Reduces Tissue Damage and Oxidative Stress Caused by Exhaustive Exercise.
abstract: Exhaustive exercise results in inflammation and oxidative stress, which can damage tissue. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D has both anti-inflammatory and antiperoxidative activity. Therefore, we aimed to test if vitamin D could reduce the damage caused by exhaustive exercise. Rats were randomized to one of four groups: control, vitamin D, exercise, and vitamin D+exercise. Exercised rats received an intravenous injection of vitamin D (1 ng/mL) or normal saline after exhaustive exercise. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood samples were collected for biochemical testing. Histological examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were performed on lungs and kidneys after the animals were sacrificed. In comparison to the exercise group, blood markers of skeletal muscle damage, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the vitamin D+exercise group. The exercise group also had more severe tissue injury scores in the lungs (average of 2.4 ± 0.71) and kidneys (average of 3.3 ± 0.6) than the vitamin D-treated exercise group did (1.08 ± 0.57 and 1.16 ± 0.55). IHC staining showed that vitamin D reduced the oxidative product 4-Hydroxynonenal in exercised animals from 20.6% to 13.8% in the lungs and from 29.4% to 16.7% in the kidneys. In summary, postexercise intravenous injection of vitamin D can reduce the peroxidation induced by exhaustive exercise and ameliorate tissue damage, particularly in the kidneys and lungs.
authors.affiliation: 1. Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Chun-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: 2. Intensive Care Unit, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Fwu-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Wen-Tien
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 4. Institute of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Chen-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: 5. Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Ru-Ping
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 5. Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Wan-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 6. Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Maun
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Subeq
authors.affiliation: 1. Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Kuang-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015415:Biomarkers; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
keywords: 4-Hydroxynonenal; Calcitriol; lipid peroxidation.