title: An in silico, in vitro and in vivo investigation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde identified from the seawater bacterium Marinomonas sp. as an anti-biofilm agent against Vibrio cholerae O1.
abstract: Biofilm formation is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae O1 (VCO1) and therefore preventing biofilm formation could be an effective alternative strategy for controlling cholera. The present study was designed to explore seawater bacteria as a source of anti-biofilm agents against VCO1. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3C) was identified as an active principle component in Marinomonas sp., which efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by VCO1 without any selection pressure. Furthermore, I3C applications also resulted in considerable collapsing of preformed pellicles. Real-time PCR studies revealed the down-regulation of virulence gene expression by modulation of the quorum-sensing pathway and enhancement of protease production, which was further confirmed by phenotypic assays. Furthermore, I3C increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans when infected with VCO1 by significantly reducing in vivo biofilm formation, which was corroborated by a survivability assay. Thus, this study revealed, for the first time, the potential of I3C as an anti-biofilm agent against VCO1.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology Science Campus , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , India.
authors.forename: Murugan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajalaxmi
authors.affiliation: b Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Sathyabama University , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Rajamohamed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beema Shafreen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology Science Campus , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , India.
authors.forename: Prasanth M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology Science Campus , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , India.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahaya Vino
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology Science Campus , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , India.
authors.forename: Krishnaswamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balamurugan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology Science Campus , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , India.
authors.forename: Shunmugiah Karutha
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pandian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002771:Cholera / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053544:Marinomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007211:Indoles; C012381:indole-3-carbaldehyde
keywords: Marinomonas sp.; Vibrio cholerae O1; anti-biofilm; antivirulence; indole-3-carboxaldehyde; quorum sensing