title: Promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: The therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease has not yet been fully resolved, with motor fluctuations and levodopa-induced dyskinesia representing special therapeutic challenges. Furthermore, no disease-modifying therapies are currently available.
  
  
  
  This review focuses on promising novel therapies that are at present under investigation in Phase I or Phase II trials. Special emphasis is placed on gene therapies: vectors, the utilized gene constructs and the side-effects. Moreover, the main risk factors of the gene therapy (the insertional mutagenesis, the uncontrolled overproduction of the expressed protein and the autoimmune and inflammatory responses) are described.
  
  
  
  Gene therapies represent a promising field in the therapeutic palette. In order to mitigate the side-effects of this therapy, the developments focus on the vectors applied. Gene therapy appears to be promising candidate for the management of motor complications in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. In addition to dopamine replacement therapy, this field may also offer a solution for neurogenesis and neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Majláth
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.
authors.forename: Nóra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Török
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.|c MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toldi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.|c MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vécsei
mesh_terms: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; adenosine A2A antagonist; gene therapy; levodopa-induced dyskinesia; metabotropic glutamate receptors