title: A comparative study of zinc, magnesium, strontium-incorporated hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants for osseointegration of osteopenic rats.
abstract: Surface modification techniques have been applied to generate titanium implant surfaces that promote osseointegration for the implants in cementless arthroplasty. However, its effect is not sufficient for osteoporotic bone. Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and strontium (Sr) present a beneficial effect on bone growth, and positively affect bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to confirm the different effects of the fixation strength of Zn, Mg, Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite-coated (Zn-HA-coated, Mg-HA-coated, Sr-HA-coated) titanium implants via electrochemical deposition in the osteoporotic condition. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. Twelve weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, all animals were randomly divided into four groups: group HA; group Zn-HA; group Mg-HA and group Sr-HA. Afterwards, all rats from groups HA, Zn-HA, Mg-HA and Sr-HA received implants with hydroxyapatite containing 0%, 10% Zn ions, 10% Mg ions, and 10% Sr ions. Implants were inserted bilaterally in all animals until death at 12 weeks. The bilateral femurs of rats were harvested for evaluation. All treatment groups increased new bone formation around the surface of titanium rods and push-out force; group Sr-HA showed the strongest effects on new bone formation and biomechanical strength. Additionally, there are significant differences in bone formation and push-out force was observed between groups Zn-HA and Mg-HA. This finding suggests that Zn, Mg, Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings can improve implant osseointegration, and the 10% Sr coating exhibited the best properties for implant osseointegration among the tested coatings in osteoporosis rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Zhou-Shan
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550001, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Shu
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hangzhou Bay Hospital of Ningbo, 315000, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen 44800, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Li
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Kai-kai
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Yang-Xun
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Provincial Orthopedics Hospital, No. 132 West First Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China. Electronic address: tzs19900327@163.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D013324:Strontium
keywords: Implants; Magnesium; Osteoporosis; Strontium; Zinc