title: Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma.
abstract: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels based on a pre-existing vasculature. It comprises two processes, sprouting of endothelial cells and the division of vessels due to abnormal growth of the microvasculature. It has been demonstrated that substance P (SP) can induce angiogenesis either by modulating endothelial cell growth (direct mechanism) or by attracting cells with angiogenic potential to the injury site (indirect mechanism). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the angiogenic mechanisms that regulate mineralized tissue formation in human dental pulp tissue and their relationship with SP expression as a defence response to stimuli such as the masticatory function and occlusal trauma. Articles included in this review were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases, combining the following keywords: human dentine pulp, angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors, neuropeptides, substance P, neurogenic inflammation, dentine matrix, dentinogenesis, occlusal trauma and dental occlusion. It is concluded that human dental pulp tissue responds to occlusal trauma and masticatory function with a neurogenic inflammatory phenomenon in which SP plays an important role in the direct and indirect mechanisms of angiogenesis by the action evoked via NK1 receptors at different cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, leading to new blood vessel formation which are needed to stimulate mineralized tissue formation as a defence mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caviedes-Bucheli
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gomez-Sosa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Azuero-Holguin
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ormeño-Gomez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinto-Pascual
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Department of Endodontics, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Munoz
mesh_terms: D003769:Dental Occlusion, Traumatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P
keywords: angiogenesis; angiogenic growth factors; human dental pulp; masticatory function; neurogenic inflammation; occlusal trauma; substance P