title: Profiling analysis of amino acids from hyperlipidaemic rats treated with Gynostemma pentaphyllum and atorvastatin.
abstract: Context Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidaemic with a long history.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) and atorvastatin on amino acids from the plasma and liver tissue of hyperlipidaemic rats. Materials and methods The rats were fed a high-fat diet continuously for 11 weeks for the construction of hyperlipidaemic model. The hyperlipidaemic rats were treated with Gynostemma pentaphyllum (120 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (1.8 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, and the rats were intragastric administration one time every day. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODSIII C18 analytical column (75 mm × 2.0 mm i.d., 1.6 μm, Shmadazu Corp., Tokyo, Japan). The biomarkers of amino acids were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Results After feeding with a high-fat diet, the TC and LDL-C values of the hyperlipidaemic mode rats increased dramatically (p < 0.01). The established method allowed a target analysis of 12 kinds of amino acids. PCA studies showed that the plasma amino acids had not returned to normal after GP treatment, but those had recovered slightly after atorvastatin treatment. GP has almost no impact on the metabolism of amino acids, while atorvastatin can modify the metabolism of amino acids via self-regulatory mechanisms. Discussion and conclusion UPLC/DAD combined with SCX-SPE can be successfully used for profiling analysis of amino acids. By the comparison of biomarkers following treatment with GP and atorvastatin, the influence of the two drugs on biomarkers is revealed.
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China ;
authors.forename: Yinan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China ;
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: b School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China ;
authors.forename: Chunjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029774:Gynostemma / Q000737:chemistry; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000069059:Atorvastatin
keywords: Amino acid; PCA; PLS-DA; Protein; UPLC; biomarkers