title: Radiation-damage-induced phasing: a case study using UV irradiation with light-emitting diodes.
abstract: Exposure to X-rays, high-intensity visible light or ultraviolet radiation results in alterations to protein structure such as the breakage of disulfide bonds, the loss of electron density at electron-rich centres and the movement of side chains. These specific changes can be exploited in order to obtain phase information. Here, a case study using insulin to illustrate each step of the radiation-damage-induced phasing (RIP) method is presented. Unlike a traditional X-ray-induced damage step, specific damage is introduced via ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). In contrast to UV lasers, UV-LEDs have the advantages of small size, low cost and relative ease of use.
authors.affiliation: ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Sanctis
authors.affiliation: CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, DSV, INRA, iRTSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire and Végétale, UMR 5168, 38054 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zubieta
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Felisaz
authors.affiliation: ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Caserotto
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Max H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nanao
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D007328:Insulin
keywords: RIP; SIR; UV; disulfide bonds; light-emitting diodes; phasing; radiation damage; ultraviolet light