title: Insulin and vanadium protect against osteoarthritis development secondary to diabetes mellitus in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetic complications such as cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis (OA) are among the common public health problems. The effect of insulin on OA secondary to diabetes has not been investigated before in animal models. Therefore, we sought to determine whether insulin and the insulin-mimicking agent, vanadium can protect from developing OA in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with insulin and/or vanadium. Tissues harvested from the articular cartilage of the knee joint were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and blood samples were assayed for oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight weeks following the induction of diabetes, a profound damage to the knee joint compared to the control non-diabetic group was observed. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin and/or vanadium differentially protected from diabetes-induced cartilage damage and deteriorated fibrils of collagen fibers. The relative biological potencies were insulin + vanadium >> insulin > vanadium. Furthermore, there was about 2- to 5-fold increase in TNF-α (from 31.02 ± 1.92 to 60.5 ± 1.18 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) and IL-6 (from 64.67 ± 8.16 to 338.0 ± 38.9 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) cytokines and free radicals measured as TBARS (from 3.21 ± 0.37 to 11.48 ± 1.5 µM, p < 0.0001) in the diabetic group, which was significantly reduced with insulin and or vanadium. Meanwhile, SOD decreased (from 17.79 ± 8.9 to 8.250.29, p < 0.0001) and was increased with insulin and vanadium. The relative potencies of the treating agents on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were insulin + vanadium >> insulin > vanadium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that co-administration of insulin and vanadium to T1DM rats protect against diabetes-induced OA possibly by lowering biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: Abbas O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: El Karib
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: Bahjat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Ani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: Fahaid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Hashem
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dallak
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: Ismaeel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bin-Jaliah
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , and.
authors.forename: Basiouny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: El-Gamal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: Salah O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia , and.
authors.forename: Refaat A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology .|d Department of Physiology , Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haidara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014639:Vanadium / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D014131:Trace Elements; D014639:Vanadium
keywords: Diabetes; T1DM; insulin; osteoarthritis; rat model; vanadium