title: Role of the Insect Supervectors Bemisia tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis in the Emergence and Global Spread of Plant Viruses.
abstract: Emergence of insect-transmitted plant viruses over the past 10-20 years has been disproportionately driven by two so-called supervectors: the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. High rates of reproduction and dispersal, extreme polyphagy, and development of insecticide resistance, together with human activities, have made these insects global pests. These supervectors transmit a diversity of plant viruses by different mechanisms and mediate virus emergence through local evolution, host shifts, mixed infections, and global spread. Associated virus evolution involves reassortment, recombination, and component capture. Emergence of B. tabaci-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses), ipomoviruses, and torradoviruses has led to global disease outbreaks as well as multiple paradigm shifts. Similarly, F. occidentalis has mediated tospovirus host shifts and global dissemination and the emergence of pollen-transmitted ilarviruses. The plant virus-supervector interaction offers exciting opportunities for basic research and global implementation of generalized disease management strategies to reduce economic and environmental impacts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; email: rlgilbertson@ucdavis.edu , obatuman@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gilbertson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; email: rlgilbertson@ucdavis.edu , obatuman@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Batuman
authors.affiliation: US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945; email: cwebster82@gmail.com , scott.adkins@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Craig G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945; email: cwebster82@gmail.com , scott.adkins@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*
keywords: begomovirus; ilarvirus; ipomovirus; torradovirus; tospovirus; virus evolution