title: Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in the aqueous humor of primary open-angle glaucoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the lipid peroxidation (PEROX) processes in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and whether this mechanism may be related to disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, non-experimental, and analytical study was conducted on a case and a comparison group, consisting of 175 surgical patients divided into: 1) POAG group (GG; n=88) and 2) comparison group of patients with cataracts (CG; n=87). Demographic data, patient characteristics, lifestyle data, as well as ophthalmological examination were registered in an Excel spreadsheet. Biochemical data were obtained by processing the aqueous humor collected at the beginning of surgery. Determination of malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS) and total antioxidant activity (AAO) was assayed using enzymatic-colorimetric methods in the aqueous humor samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aqueous humor MDA/TBARS levels were significantly higher (P<.001) and the AAO significantly lower (P<.001) in the GG than in the GC. The MDA/TBARS directly correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP) values and the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR). Decreased AAO activity correlated inversely with IOP and CDR. Differences between groups were noticeably higher in the GG as regards obesity, alcohol consumption, anxiety, depression, and sedentary lifestyle. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a better predictive ability were: MDA/TBARS, PIO, AAO, CDR, and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The POAG patients have a PEROX background that is reflected in the aqueous humor by variations in MDA/TBARS and AAO. Moreover, both the MDA/TBARS and AAO correlated with IOP values and the CDR. We propose that determination of MDA/TBARS and AAO in the aqueous humor of POAG patients can be used as biomarkers for monitoring the disease, as well the changes in lifestyle and other related risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos (Sevilla), España. Electronic address: fjhernandezm@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hernández-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos (Sevilla), España.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piñas-García
authors.affiliation: Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital Francesc Borja, Gandía (Valencia), España.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Lleó-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España.
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Zanón-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU San Pablo, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bendala-Tufanisco
authors.affiliation: Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: García-Medina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras, España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vinuesa-Silva
authors.affiliation: Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pinazo-Durán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000737:chemistry*; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism; D003124:Colorimetry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D008315:Malondialdehyde
keywords: Actividad antioxidante total; Biomarcadores; Biomarkers; Glaucoma; Lipid peroxidation; Malondialdehyde; Malonildialdehído; Peroxidación lipídica; Total antioxidant activity