title: Why Be Temperate: Lessons from Bacteriophage λ.
abstract: Many pathogens have evolved the ability to induce latent infections of their hosts. The bacteriophage λ is a classical model for exploring the regulation and the evolution of latency. Here, I review recent experimental studies on phage λ that identify specific conditions promoting the evolution of lysogenic life cycles. In addition, I present specific adaptations of phage λ that allow this virus to react plastically to variations in the environment and to reactivate its lytic life cycle. All of these different examples are discussed in the light of evolutionary epidemiology theory to disentangle the different evolutionary forces acting on temperate phages. Understanding phage λ adaptations yield important insights into the evolution of latency in other microbes, including several life-threatening human pathogens.
authors.affiliation: CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Electronic address: Sylvain.GANDON@cefe.cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gandon
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D008242:Lysogeny; D017735:Virus Latency
keywords: adaptive plasticity; evolution; latency; lysis; lysogeny