title: Direct spectral analysis and determination of high content of carcinogenic bromine in bread using UV pulsed laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.
abstract: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for the detection of carcinogenic elements like bromine in four representative brands of loaf bread samples and the measured bromine concentrations were 352, 157, 451, and 311 ppm, using Br I (827.2 nm) atomic transition line as the finger print atomic transition. Our LIBS system is equipped with a pulsed laser of wavelength 266 nm with energy 25 mJ pulse(-1), 8 ns pulse duration, 20 Hz repetition rate, and a gated ICCD camera. The LIBS system was calibrated with the standards of known concentrations in the sample (bread) matrix and such plot is linear in 20-500 ppm range. The capability of our system in terms of limit of detection and relative accuracy with respect to the standard inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) technique was evaluated and these values were 5.09 ppm and 0.01-0.05, respectively, which ensures the applicability of our system for Br trace level detection, and LIBS results are in excellent agreement with that of ICPMS results.
authors.affiliation: a College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Mehder
authors.affiliation: b Laser Research Group, Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , Dhahran , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gondal
authors.affiliation: b Laser Research Group, Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , Dhahran , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dastageer
authors.affiliation: b Laser Research Group, Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , Dhahran , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yusuf B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Habibullah
authors.affiliation: c Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences , Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University , Al-Khobar , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: b Laser Research Group, Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , Dhahran , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Luqman E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Oloore
authors.affiliation: d Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gondal
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D001966:Bromine / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D001966:Bromine
keywords: Detection of toxic elements in food products; LIBS; laser applications; laser spectroscopy; spectral analysis