title: Harvest Pressure on Coastal Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) from Recreational Fishing Relative to Commercial Fishing Assessed from Tag-Recovery Data.
abstract: Marine recreational fishing is a popular outdoor activity. However, knowledge about the magnitude of recreational catches relative to commercial catches in coastal fisheries is generally sparse. Coastal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a target species for recreational fishers in the North Atlantic. In Norway, recreational fishers are allowed to use a variety of traps and nets as well as long-line and rod and line when fishing for cod. From 2005 to 2013, 9729 cod (mean size: 40 cm, range: 15-93 cm) were tagged and released in coastal Skagerrak, southeast Norway. Both high-reward (NOK 500) and low-reward tags (NOK 50) were used in this study. Because some harvested fish (even those posting high-reward tags) may go unreported by fishers, reporting rates were estimated from mark-recovery models that incorporate detection parameters in their structure, in addition to survival and mortality estimates. During 2005 to 2013, a total of 1707 tagged cod were recovered and reported by fishers. We estimate the overall annual survival to be 33% (SE 1.5). Recreational rod and line fishing were responsible for 33.7% (SE 2.4) of total mortality, followed by commercial fisheries (15.1% SE 0.8) and recreational fixed gear (6.8% SE 0.4). Natural mortality was 44.4% (SE 2.5) of total mortality. Our findings suggest that recreational fishing-rod and line fishing in particular-is responsible for a substantial part of fishing mortality exerted on coastal cod in southern Norway.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817 His, Norway.
authors.forename: Alf Ring
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kleiven
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817 His, Norway.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Chacon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research Station, N-5984 Matredal, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan-Harald
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nordahl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817 His, Norway.|Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Even
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817 His, Norway.
authors.forename: Sigurd Heiberg
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817 His, Norway.|Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.|Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Halvor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Nye Flødevigveien 20, N-4817 His, Norway.|Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: Esben Moland
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005398:Fisheries; D048389:Gadus morhua / Q000502:physiology*; D005843:Geography; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009664:Norway; D011998:Recreation; D012201:Reward; D016019:Survival Analysis