title: Optimized total thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE) has attracted attention with the advantage of better operative field and minimal wound for the esophageal cancer. However, various severe complications are also reported during the TLE such as cervical anastomotic leakage, chylothorax, and tracheal injury. The aim of this study was to introduce a new optimized TLE procedure for the esophageal cancer and assess its safety and clinical effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 30 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent optimized TLE procedures between January 2014 and December 2014. The optimized TLE procedures mainly include as follows: (1) 50 ml of sesame oil-milk mixture (1:1) is injected via gastric tube after endotracheal intubation; (2) patients are intubated with a single lumen endotracheal tube; (3) patients were positioned at 150° in the left prone position rather than lateral decubitus position; and (4) duodenal feeding tube was not placed intraoperatively and however triple lumen nasojejunal feeding tube was placed on the second postoperative day under imaging guidance. Operation time, amount of blood loss, number of dissected nodes, length of hospital stays, and complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operation time of the optimized TLE group was 202.13 ± 13.74 min. The mean visible blood loss of the optimized TLE group was 300.00 ± 120.12 ml. The postoperative hospital stays in the optimized TLE group were 16.27 ± 4.51 days. The number of dissected nodes in the optimized TLE group was 13.57 ± 2.76. The postoperative complications for the optimized TLE procedure were seen in one case (3.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method of optimized TLE is an effective, reliable, and safe procedure for the treatment of esophageal cancer, which provide favorable outcomes in terms of operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stays, the number the dissected nodes, and reduced incidence of postoperative complications compared to previous literatures. Further studies with a large number of samples are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China. zhoushaohui88@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Shao-hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
authors.forename: Yong-bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
authors.forename: Li-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
authors.forename: Hong-shang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D057868:Anastomotic Leak; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*