title: Chemical Evidence for Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Citrus aurantium L. Dried Immature Fruits.
abstract: Xanthine oxidase is a key enzyme which can catalyze hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid causing hyperuricemia in humans. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of 24 organic extracts of four species belonging to Citrus genus of the family Rutaceae were assayed in vitro. Since the ethyl acetate extract of C. aurantium dried immature fruits showed the highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, chemical evidence for the potent inhibitory activity was clarified on the basis of structure identification of the active constituents. Five flavanones and two polymethoxyflavones were isolated and evaluated for inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase in vitro. Of the compounds, hesperetin showed more potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 16.48 μM. For the first time, this study provides a rational basis for the use of C. aurantium dried immature fruits against hyperuricemia.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. kunliu62@126.com.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. qddxwangwei@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. guobinghua1214@126.com.
authors.forename: Bing-Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. gaohuaqy@126.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. buckuper@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. liuxiaohong1043@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. xyhuili@126.com.
authors.forename: Hui-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China. chengkun1990518@163.com.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D044950:Flavanones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D047309:Flavones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D044950:Flavanones; D047309:Flavones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate; C008661:nobiletin; D006569:Hesperidin; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C005273:naringenin; C013015:hesperetin
keywords: Citrus; aurantii fructus immaturus; hesperetin; xanthine oxidase