title: Attenuation of Urinary Cadmium in Inhabitants of the Environmentally Exposed Jinzu River Basin Determined by Applying a Mixed Linear Model.
abstract: Half-life of urinary cadmium level (U-Cd) was estimated in inhabitants whose initial U-Cd was ≥5 μg/L (131 men and 177 women) or ≥5 μg/gcr (195 men and 246 women), using a linear mixed model adjusted for the baseline age. To clarify the effect of initial U-Cd, the target participants were divided into higher or lower initial U-Cd group. In the higher groups, the half-lives were 15.4 and 13.1 years for unadjusted U-Cd and 19.0 and 23.0 years for creatinine-adjusted U-Cd, in men and women, respectively. In the lower groups, the half-lives were 38.0 and 26.0 years for unadjusted U-Cd in men and women. For creatinine-adjusted U-Cd, it was 42.9 years in men. For attenuation of U-Cd, there were an early fast component shown in the higher group and late slow component shown in the lower group. The attenuation of U-Cd is slower in the longer time compared to that previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. suwa@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suwazono
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.affiliation: Hagino Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Nursing, Kanazawa University School of Health Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Muneko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishijo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Nursing, Kanazawa University School of Health Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000652:urine*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D045483:Rivers
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Biological half-life; Cadmium; Human; Longitudinal study; Risk assessment