title: Impact of needles in vascular access for hemodialysis.
abstract: This article reviews pragmatic aspects of cannulation practice and types of cannulation devices, as well as their impact in vascular access for hemodialysis. Hemodialysis treatment requires successful insertion of two needles for each dialysis treatment. The first needle is the arterial needle; it removes blood with toxin accumulation from the patient and delivers it to the dialysis machine. The second needle, called the venous needle, returns the purified blood from the dialyzer to the patient. Mechanical and hemodynamic trauma related to needle insertions will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Nephrology Research Offices St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario - Canada.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Marticorena
authors.affiliation: William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario - Canada.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009339:Needles; D011677:Punctures; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014945:Wound Healing