title: A comparison of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation in children administered either by atomiser or by drops.
abstract: Intranasal dexmedetomidine has been used successfully for sedation in children. A mucosal atomisation device delivers an atomised solution to the nasal mucosa which facilitates rapid and effective delivery of medication to the systemic circulation. We compared intranasal delivery of dexmedetomidine in a dose of 3 μg.kg(-1) by either atomiser or drops from a syringe in children < 3 years old undergoing transthoracic echocardiography. Two hundred and seventy-nine children were randomly assigned to one or other group. One hundred and thirty-seven children received dexmedetomidine by atomiser and 142 by drops. The successful sedation rate was 82.5% (95% CI 75.3-87.9%) and 84.5% (95% CI 77.7-89.5%) for atomiser and drops, respectively (p = 0.569). Sedation tended to be less successful in older children (p = 0.028, OR 0.949, 95% CI 0.916-0.983). There were no significant complications. We conclude that both modes of dexmedetomidine administration are equally effective, although increasing age of the child was associated with a decreased likelihood of successful sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Q Q
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: X R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000336:Aerosols; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D020927:Dexmedetomidine
keywords: atomizer; drops; intranasal dexmedetomidine; paediatric; sedation