title: Modeling the Effect of Shared Care to Optimize Acne Referrals From Primary Care Clinicians to Dermatologists.
abstract: Access to dermatologists remains a nationwide challenge. Optimizing referrals to a dermatologist may reduce patient wait times.
  
  
  
  To model the effect of algorithm-based acne treatment by primary care clinicians on referral patterns and costs.
  
  
  
  Overall, 253 referrals from primary care clinicians to dermatologists for acne from January 2014 through March 2015 were reviewed at Brigham and Women's Hospital. No-show rate, diagnostic concordance between primary care clinicians and dermatologists, treatment at the time of referral, and treatment by a dermatologist were ascertained, and we modeled 2 treatment algorithms-initiation of topical treatments by primary care clinicians (algorithm A) and initiation of topical treatments and oral antibiotics by primary care clinicians (algorithm B)-to identify the most effective referral patterns and costs.
  
  
  
  The primary outcome was the elimination of unnecessary appointments with a dermatologist. Secondary outcomes included reduction in delay to treatment, health care cost savings, and decrease in no-show rate.
  
  
  
  Overall, 150 of 253 referred patients were seen and treated by a dermatologist; 127 patients (50.2%) were not on prescription acne treatment at the time of dermatology referral. Model A reduced initial referrals in 72 of 150 cases (48.0%), eliminated referrals in 60 of 150 cases (40%), and reduced average delay-to-treatment by 28.6 days. This resulted in cost savings of $20.28 per patient, reduction of wait time by 5 days per patient, and decreased the no-show rate by 13%. Model B reduced initial referrals in 130 of 150 cases (86.7%), eliminated referrals in 108 of 150 cases (72%), and reduced average delay-to-treatment by 27.9 days. This resulted in cost savings of $35.68 per patient, shortened wait-time by 9 days per patient, and decreased the no-show rate by 24%.
  
  
  
  Algorithm-based treatment of acne by primary care clinicians may eliminate unnecessary appointments, reduce wait time for treatment, lower costs, and reduce patient no-shows.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Combined Dermatology Residency Program, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kristina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Harvard Combined Dermatology Residency Program, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rebecca I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mostaghimi
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D017046:Cost Savings / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003880:Dermatology / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents