title: Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Effectiveness and Compliance among Hospital Health Care Workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies show that vaccination of health care workers (HCW) might reduce influenza transmission and mortality among hospitalized patients. No studies have compared the incidence of laboratory-proven influenza in vaccinated versus unvaccinated hospital HCW.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination among hospital HCW and to examine the attitudes of this population towards influenza vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective cohort study between 1 January and 30 April 2014 of 1641 HCW at our medical center; 733 were vaccinated and 908 were not. A random sample of 199 subjects was obtained: 97 vaccinated and 102 non-vaccinated. Participating individuals were contacted on a weekly basis during the flu season and were asked to report any respiratory or flu symptoms and, if positive, to undergo a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for influenza. Results: In the general HCW population vaccination was more frequent among physicians (298/498, 58%) than among nurses (324/862, 38%) and among males than females. Flu symptoms were reported by 20 of 199 participants, 13 in the non-vaccinated group (12.7%) and 7 in the vaccinated group (7.2%). A positive PCR test for influenza A virus was present in 4 of 20 people tested (20%). All positive cases were from the non-vaccinated group (P = 0.0953).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-vaccinated HCW showed a higher, although not statistically significant, tendency for contracting laboratory-proven influenza than the vaccinated population. The main reasons for vaccination and non-vaccination were personal beliefs and habits. Education efforts are needed to improve compliance. Larger studies could further clarify this issue.
authors.forename: Zaher
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Atamna
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chazan
authors.forename: Orna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nitzan
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colodner
authors.forename: Hila
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kfir
authors.forename: Merav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Naama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines