title: Relationship between Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the General Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Diagnosis and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases for Japanese 2012 version have set a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)-management target of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ＋30 mg/dL. However, the actual difference between non-HDL-C and LDL-C is not clear. Therefore, we evaluated its joint distribution and assessed the validity of this criterion in the general Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used baseline cross-sectional data of 4,110 participants from two studies; the KOBE Study (n=1,108) and the Tsuruoka Metabolomic Cohort Study (n=3,002). To evaluate whether the difference between LDL-C and non-HDL-C in the general population match that of the current guidelines, we classified LDL-C levels into four groups according to the JAS Guideline and evaluated its agreement with the corresponding non-HDL-C group. Analysis was also done using six groups (the previous four groups plus the upper and lower cut-off values).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean difference (mg/dL) between the non-HDL-C and LDL-C (for the KOBE Study and Tsuruoka Metabolomic Cohort Study, respectively) was 19.6 and 24.1 (p<0.001) for men and 15.9 and 18.3 (p<0.001) for women. In both the cohort studies, the difference was lower than 30 mg/dL. It was especially small among individuals with normal triglyceride levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general Japanese population, the difference between non-HDL-C and LDL-C was lower than the expected difference of 30 mg/dL. Changes to the criteria for non-HDL-C target levels may be considered in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol