title: Current update on combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but unique primary hepatic tumor with characteristic histology and tumor biology. Recent development in genetics and molecular biology support the fact that combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma is closely linked with cholangiocarcinoma, rather than hepatocellular carcinoma. Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma tends to present with an more aggressive behavior and a poorer prognosis than either hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma. An accurate preoperative diagnosis and aggressive treatment planning can play crucial roles in appropriate patient management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maximin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Dhakshina Moorthy
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ganeshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Alampady K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shanbhogue
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Manjiri K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dighe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Orpheus
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kolokythas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lalwani
keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma; Cirrhosis; Computed tomography; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Magnetic resonance imaging