title: Effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions for primary headaches in the workplace: A systematic review of the literature.
abstract: Aim The purpose of this systematic literature review is to assess the benefits of workplace-based occupational therapies and interventions, including acute and preventive medication, on headache intensity and frequency, related disability as well as work-related outcomes. Methods A search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, CINAHL and Embase using terms related to headache, workplace and occupational health. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool was used on individual studies to assess internal validity and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was applied to studies by clinical outcome and used to rate quality of evidence. Results Fifteen articles were included in the systematic review. None of them were classified as low risk of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. This systematic review found preliminary low-quality evidence suggesting that exercise and acupuncture can reduce workers' headache pain intensity, frequency and related disability. Conclusion Although this systematic review provided preliminary low evidence in favour of work-based intervention, studies with more rigorous designs and methodologies are needed to provide further evidence of the effectiveness of workplace-based headache management strategies.
authors.affiliation: 1 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.|2 Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lardon
authors.affiliation: 1 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.|3 Université de Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Pier
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: 3 Université de Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Chérine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zaïm
authors.affiliation: 2 Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, France.|4 University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lemeunier
authors.affiliation: 1 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Descarreaux
authors.affiliation: 1 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrée-Anne
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Marchand
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D051270:Headache Disorders, Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Headache; occupational health prevention; productivity; treatment; workplace