title: Anti-H1N1 influenza effects and its possible mechanism of Huanglian Xiangru Decoction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Huangliang Xiangru Decoction (HXD), which is described in a famous TCM monograph "Book of Nanyang for Life Savin", is frequently used for treating cold in summer and summer heat-dampness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To date, no pharmacological study on the anti-H1N1 influenza properties of HXD has been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic action of HXD on HIN1-induced acute pulmonary inflammation and its anti-influenza mechanism focus to TLRs signal pathway in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  the mice were intranasally infected with influenza virus to induce viral pneumonia, and then treated with different doses of HXD. The Lung index and pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice were investigated to value the anti-influenza virus effect of HXD. The concentrations of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and anti-oxidant factor (NO, SOD and GSH) in serum of mice were determined with ELISA. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of TLR3, TLR7, MyD88,TRAF3 and NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues, which are the key targets of TLRs pathway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the infection group, the lung index of mice in ribavirin group, HXD high dose group and HXD middle dose group were significantly decreased, the lung indexes of these groups were 10.36±1.14mg/g, 9.89±0.79mg/g, and 10.97±0.67mg/g. Moreover, pathological changes were remarkable alleviated. HXD can reduce the contents of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ, NO, and increase the contents of IL-2, SOD, GSH in serum of infected-mice significantly. At the same time, HXD can reduce the mRNA and protein expression of TLR3, TLR7, MyD88,TRAF3 and NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues of infected-mice significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HXD has significant effects on H1N1 influenza by a quantity-effect relationship, and plays its anti-influenza effect by enhancing the body's antioxidant capacity, regulating the body's immune function and the host's TLRs pathway.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. Electronic address: wqfyjm@sina.com.
authors.forename: Qiao-Feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. Electronic address: 1204336154@qq.com.
authors.forename: Wen-Rui
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. Electronic address: yylhz123456@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yun-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. Electronic address: 849433362@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. Electronic address: 625244484@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ya-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. Electronic address: 79938526@qq.com.
authors.forename: Feng-Ling
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000614391:huanglian xiangru
keywords: Anti-H1N1 influenza; Huanglian Xiangru Decoction; TLRs pathway.