title: Influence of atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma treatment on the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Zirconia exhibits excellent strength and high biocompatibility in technological applications and it is has therefore been investigated for clinical applications and research. Before setting prostheses, a crown prosthesis inner surface is sandblasted with alumina to remove contaminants and form small cavities. This alumina sandblasting causes stress-induced phase transition of zirconia. Atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma has been applied in the dental industry, particularly for adhesives, as a surface treatment to activate the surface energy and remove contaminants. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma treatment on the shear bond strength between zirconia and adhesive resin cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surface treatment method was classified into three groups: untreated (Cont group), alumina sandblast treatment (Sb group), and atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma treatment (Ps group). Adhesive resin cement was applied to stainless steel and bonded to zirconia. Shear adhesion tests were performed after complete hardening of the cement. Multiple comparisons were performed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni method. X-ray diffractometry was used to examine the change in zirconia crystal structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were noted between the control and Sb groups and between the control and Ps groups. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were noted for the Ps and Sb bond strength. Atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma treatment did not affect the zirconia crystal structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma treatment improves the bonding strength of adhesive resin cement as effectively as alumina sandblasting, and does not alter the zirconia crystal structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan. Electronic address: ito_yuki0907@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsurumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 5-17, Otemae 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D008422:Materials Testing; D044367:Phase Transition; D010949:Plasma; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013696:Temperature; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D019279:Resin Cements; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Adhesive resin cement; Alumina sandblast treatment; Atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma treatment; Zirconia