title: Periodontal disease status and associated risk factors in patients attending a Dental Teaching Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Investigators have identified an association of socio-demographic and medical factors with periodontal risk. This study observed status and association of periodontal disease and associated risk factors/indictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients attending a dental teaching hospital were interviewed for socio-demographic and medical information through a structured questionnaire. Participants were examined for periodontal status using the community periodontal index (CPI), by a single examiner during September to November 2012. An association of age, gender, smoking habit, systemic conditions, and oral hygiene measures with periodontal status ([periodontitis CPI score ≥3]/nonperiodontitis [CPI score ≤2]) was analyzed by applying Chi-square test and forward selection stepwise regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand nine hundred and eighteen patients were examined during the study period. The findings revealed that 63.5% of the subjects had CPI score ≤2 (nonperiodontitis), while 34.5% were found with CPI score ≥3 (periodontitis). Age, gender, occupation, smoking, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, stress, medications, and oral hygiene habits of using tooth powder or tooth brushing were significantly (P ≤ 0.037) associated with periodontal status. Regression analysis showed a significant association of age, occupation, and smoking with periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study observed prevalence of periodontitis in one-fourth of study sample. The study confirmed various socio-demographic risk factors/indictors associated with increased risk of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dental Section, University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Akhtar Hussain
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Margalla College of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Agha Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Suhail
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dental Section, University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul Razzaq
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dental Section, University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mian Farrukh
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Imran
keywords: Community periodontal index; periodontal disease; prevalence; risk factors/indicators