title: The Abbreviated Westmead Post-traumatic Amnesia Scale and Pocket Concussion Recognition Tool: Data from amateur sports players in live-match conditions.
abstract: Sports-related concussion is a growing public health concern. A short, simple sideline assessment tool is essential for evaluation of concussion at an amateur participation level. The current study examined responses to sideline assessment measures in a sample of amateur Australian Rules Football players competing in real-time live matches who had not sustained a concussion on the day of testing. Participants (N = 127) completed the Abbreviated Westmead Post-traumatic Amnesia Scale (A-WPTAS) and the Pocket Concussion Recognition Tool (Pocket CRT), which contains the Maddocks Questions (assessing orientation and recent memory) and the Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS). The study showed 98.4% of participants passed the A-WPTAS, while 81.9% passed the Maddocks Questions. Participants endorsed a mean of 4.16 (SD = 4.02) symptoms on the PCSS, with 86.6% endorsing at least 1 symptom at a mild level or greater and 40.2% endorsing at least 1 symptom at a moderate or severe level. The current results suggest the Maddocks Questions may not be sufficient for use in an amateur sports context. To reduce the risk for a false positive diagnosis of concussion, it is recommended that the Pocket CRT be complemented with the A-WPTAS for use in an amateur sports context.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , North Ryde , Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayter
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , North Ryde , Australia.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meares
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , North Ryde , Australia.
authors.forename: E Arthur
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shores
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Concussion; mild traumatic brain injury; posttraumatic amnesia; sideline assessment; sports