title: Safety of the lateral trauma position in cervical spine injuries: a cadaver model study.
abstract: Endotracheal intubation is not always an option for unconscious trauma patients. Prehospital personnel are then faced with the dilemma of maintaining an adequate airway without risking deleterious movement of a potentially unstable cervical spine. To address these two concerns various alternatives to the classical recovery position have been developed. This study aims to determine the amount of motion induced by the recovery position, two versions of the HAINES (High Arm IN Endangered Spine) position, and the novel lateral trauma position (LTP).
  
  
  
  We surgically created global cervical instability between the C5 and C6 vertebrae in five fresh cadavers. We measured the rotational and translational (linear) range of motion during the different maneuvers using an electromagnetic tracking device and compared the results using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) for regression.
  
  
  
  In the recovery position, the range of motion for lateral bending was 11.9°. While both HAINES positions caused a similar range of motion, the motion caused by the LTP was 2.6° less (P = 0.037). The linear axial range of motion in the recovery position was 13.0 mm. In comparison, the HAINES 1 and 2 positions showed significantly less motion (-5.8 and -4.6 mm, respectively), while the LTP did not (-4.0 mm, P = 0.067).
  
  
  
  Our results indicate that in unconscious trauma patients, the LTP or one of the two HAINES techniques is preferable to the standard recovery position in cases of an unstable cervical spine injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Drøbak, Norway.|Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hyldmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Horodyski
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.|Nike Sport Research Lab, Nike Inc., Beaverton, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Dubose
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.|Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Røislien
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Texas, Huston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prasarn
authors.affiliation: Bay Pines VA Hospital System, Bay Pines, Florida, USA.|Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Rechtine
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.|Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Søreide
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013124:Spinal Injuries