title: Depression and anxiety disorders in a sample of facial trauma: A study from Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various studies have shown that such patients are susceptible to psychological problems and poor quality of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders and quality of life in a group of facial trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present cross-sectional study Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Oral Health Impact (OHIP-14) questionnaires were used. In this study, fifty subjects were selected from the patients with maxillofacial traumas based on the judgment of the physicians, referring to hospitals in Kerman and Rafsanjan during 2012-2013. In addition, 50 patients referring to the Dental School for tooth extraction, with no maxillofacial traumas, were included. SPSS 13.5 was used for statistical analysis with two-sample t-test, Mantel-Haenszel technique, Pearson's correlation coefficient and chi-squared test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients with maxillofacial traumas were depressed based on HADS depression scale, with 5 other borderline cases. However, patients referring for surgery or tooth extraction only 2 were depressed and 1 patient was a borderline case. The results showed that patients with maxillofacial traumas had higher rates of depression and anxiety, with significant differences between this group and the other group (P=0.01). The results of the present study showed a significant prelateship between depression severity and confounding factors. The mean of OHIP-14 parameters were 35.51 ±5.2 and 22.3±2.4 in facial trauma and dental surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study showed depression and anxiety disorders in patients with maxillofacial trauma. The results showed a higher rate of anxiety and anxiety in patients with maxillofacial traumas compared to the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, m_s_hashemipour@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: S-A-H
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gandjalikhan-Nassab
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samieirad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vakil-Zadeh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habib-Aghahi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsadat-Hashemipour
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety; D001008:Anxiety Disorders; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires