title: ace-3 plays an important role in phoxim resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: Organophosphorus and carbamate are widely used in agricultural production. Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism that is widely used in various toxicology studies. To understand the effects of two types of commonly used pesticides, phoxim (organophosphorus) and carbaryl (carbamate), we determined the activities of acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) and detected the expression of four ace genes by RT-qPCR in C. elegans following treatment with these pesticides. The results showed that phoxim and carbaryl could reduce acetylcholinesterase activities and up-regulate the ace-3 mRNA expression levels. We also detected the toxic effects of these pesticides on the ace-3 deletion mutant dc-2, and found that some characteristics, including LC50, development, movement, reproduction and lifespan, were reduced in the dc-2 mutant. However, the toxic effects of carbaryl were weaker than those of phoxim. Carbaryl treatment did not significantly affect the LC50, movement ability or lifespan. Interestingly, body and brood size increased with carbaryl treatment at low concentrations. These data showed that both phoxim and carbaryl could inhibit AChE but that the ace-3 was necessary for phoxim detoxification. The LC50 of phoxim and carbaryl in wild type N2 and the ace-3 deletion mutant dc-2. **Higher significant differences (P < 0.01).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.|School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.|Basic Medical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Shaojuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China. maenbo2003@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Enbo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000502:physiology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C003135:phoxim; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carbaryl; Phoxim; ace-3