title: The Influence of Flush Methods on Transfemoral Catheter Cerebral Angiography: Continuous Flush versus Intermittent Flush.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of different flush methods on transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-blind randomized controlled trial included 50 patients who had undergone TFCA. Balanced block randomization was used to allocate participants into intermittent-flush (n = 25) and continuous-flush (n = 25) groups. Differences in procedure duration, amounts of contrast medium and heparinized saline used, heparin dose, blood loss, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and occurrence of new embolic signal (NES) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure duration was shorter in the continuous-flush group (mean 26.5 min ± 3.7) than in the intermittent-flush group (mean 29.6 min ± 2.8) (P = .004). Amounts of injected contrast medium (mean 20.2 mL ± 4.4 vs 57.1 mL ± 9.0), wasted heparinized saline (mean 19.8 mL ± 9.6 vs 92.3 mL ± 16.7), and aspirated blood (mean 4.7 mL ± 1.3 vs 13.2 mL ± 2.9) were lower in the continuous-flush group than in the intermittent-flush group (P < .001). The amount of injected (or infused) heparinized saline, heparin dose, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and occurrence of NES on DWI did not differ between the groups (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of continuous flushing during TFCA reduced the procedure time, amount of contrast medium needed, amount of wasted heparinized saline, and blood loss, but no difference in the occurrence of NES on DWI was noted between the groups.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Po Song
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Woo
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Taek-Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Woo
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea; Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Kyun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School, Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea. Electronic address: mskendy429@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hyun Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D056910:Republic of Korea; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D003287:Contrast Media; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006493:Heparin