title: Effect of Glutamine, Glutamic Acid and Nucleotides on the Turnover of Carbon (δ(13)C) in Organs of Weaned Piglets.
abstract: Morphological and physiological alterations occur in the digestive system of weanling piglets, compromising the performance in subsequent phases. This experiment aimed at verifying the influence of glutamine, glutamate and nucleotides on the carbon turnover in the pancreas and liver of piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Four diets were evaluated: glutamine, glutamic acid or nucleotides-free diet (CD); containing 1% glutamine (GD); containing 1% glutamic acid (GAD) and containing 1% nucleotides (ND). One hundred and twenty-three piglets were utilized with three pigs slaughtered at day zero (weaning day) and three at each one of the experimental days (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 20, 27, and 49 post-weaning), in order to collect organ samples, which were analyzed for the δ(13)C isotopic composition and compared by means of time. No differences were found (p>0.05) among treatments for the turnover of the (13)C in the pancreas (T50% = 13.91, 14.37, 11.07, and 9.34 days; T95% = 46.22, 47.73, 36.79, and 31.04 days for CD, GD, GAD, and ND, respectively). In the liver, the ND presented accelerated values of carbon turnover (T50% = 7.36 and T95% = 24.47 days) in relation to the values obtained for the GD (T50% = 10.15 and T95% = 33.74 days). However, the values obtained for the CD (T50% = 9.12 and T95% = 30.31 days) and GAD (T50% = 7.83 and T95% = 26.03 days) had no differences (p>0.05) among other diets. The technique of (13)C isotopic dilution demonstrated trophic action of nucleotides in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis Campus, Mato Grosso 78735-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro Borges
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirlei Antonio
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Berto
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayra Anton Dib
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Célia
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Denadai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Environmental Stable Isotopes Center, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Márcia Pereira
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Golin
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Luiggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luan Sousa
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Environmental Stable Isotopes Center, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ducatti
keywords: Liver; Pancreas; Pigs; Stable Isotopes