title: Congenital Stapes Ankylosis in Children: Surgical Findings and Results in 35 Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate surgical findings and hearing results in children undergoing middle ear surgery for congenital stapes ankylosis with or without other ossicular malformations (Teunissen and Cremers class I and class II malformations).
  
  
  METHODS
  A nonrandomized, nonblinded case series of prospectively collected data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight consecutive pediatric patients who underwent 35 surgical procedures for congenital stapes ankylosis with or without other ossicular malformations and had available postoperative pure-tone audiometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary stapedotomy with vein graft interposition and reconstruction with a Teflon piston, bucket handle prosthesis or total ossicular replacement prosthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre- and postoperative audiometric evaluation using four-frequency (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) audiometry. Air-conduction thresholds, bone-conduction thresholds, and air-bone gaps (ABGs) were measured. Postoperative audiometry was performed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery and at a yearly interval thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, a postoperative ABG closure of 10 dB or less was achieved in 73% of class I cases and in 50% of class II cases. A postoperative ABG closure of 20 dB or less was achieved in 77% of class I cases and 67% of class II cases. Postoperative sensorineural hearing loss occurred in one class I case (4%) and none of the class II cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stapedotomy is a safe and feasible treatment option in children with congenital stapes ankylosis.
authors.affiliation: *Jean Causse Ear Clinic, Traverse de Béziers, Colombiers, France †Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ‡Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Digna M A
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kamalski
authors.forename: Arnold J N
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bittermann
authors.forename: Wilko
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grolman
mesh_terms: D000844:Ankylosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery*; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013199:Stapes / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome