title: Andreas Vesalius' 500th Anniversary: First Description of the Mammary Suspensory Ligaments.
abstract: Sir Astley Paston Cooper has, to date, been acknowledged to be the first to describe the suspensory ligaments of the breast, or Cooper's ligaments, in 1840. We found these ligaments to be recorded in the first edition of 'De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem' by Andreas Vesalius, published in 1543. To commemorate Vesalius' 500th birthday, we quote and discuss this earlier record. Vesalius' record of the nature and function of the fleshy membrane between mammary gland and pectoral muscle, the hard fat intervening the mammary glands, and the fibers running from the fleshy membrane to the skin are a clear representation of posterior layer of the superficial fascial system, the fibro-adipose stroma surrounding and linking the mammary glandular elements, and the suspensory ligaments as we know them. Vesalius recorded the anatomy and function of the latter structures nearly 300 years before Sir Astley Paston Cooper did.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 161, NL-1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Romy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brinkman
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 161, NL-1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.hage@nki.nl.
authors.forename: J Joris
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hage
mesh_terms: D000716:Anatomy, Artistic / Q000266:history*; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D049669:History, 16th Century; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology*