title: In vivo cross-sectional imaging of the phonating larynx using long-range Doppler optical coherence tomography.
abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of vocal fold lesions has been a long-evolving science for the otolaryngologist. Contemporary practice requires biopsy of a glottal lesion in the operating room under general anesthesia for diagnosis. Current in-office technology is limited to visualizing the surface of the vocal folds with fiber-optic or rigid endoscopy and using stroboscopic or high-speed video to infer information about submucosal processes. Previous efforts using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been limited by small working distances and imaging ranges. Here we report the first full field, high-speed, and long-range OCT images of awake patients' vocal folds as well as cross-sectional video and Doppler analysis of their vocal fold motions during phonation. These vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser source (VCSEL) OCT images offer depth resolved, high-resolution, high-speed, and panoramic images of both the true and false vocal folds. This technology has the potential to revolutionize in-office imaging of the larynx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Coughlan
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute &Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.|OCT Medical Imaging Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Li-Dek
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute &Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute &Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: OCT Medical Imaging Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Swathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rangarajan
authors.affiliation: OCT Medical Imaging Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Theodore H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Giriraj K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute &Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &Neck Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoungrai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute &Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &Neck Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Korea.
authors.forename: Donghoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute &Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.|Beckman Laser Institute &Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Brian J F
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D064706:Vocal Cord Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging