title: Mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: The Wizard of Oz at work.
abstract: Among multiple members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, PARP1 accounts for the majority of PARP activity in mammalian cells. Although PARP1 is predominantly localized to the nucleus, and its nuclear regulatory roles are most commonly studied and are the best characterized, several lines of data demonstrate that PARP1 is also present in the mitochondria, and suggest that mitochondrial PARP (mtPARP) plays an important role in the regulation of various cellular functions in health and disease. The goal of the current article is to review the experimental evidence for the mitochondrial localization of PARP1 and its intra-mitochondrial functions, with focus on cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial DNA repair and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we also propose a working model for the interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear PARP during oxidant-induced cell death. MtPARP is similar to the Wizard of Oz in the sense that it is enigmatic, it has been elusive for a long time and it remains difficult to be interrogated. mtPARP - at least in some cell types - works incessantly "behind the curtains" as an orchestrator of many important cellular functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunyanszki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szczesny
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Virág
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA. Electronic address: szabocsaba@aol.com.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szabo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004260:DNA Repair; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
keywords: Cell death; Mitochondria; Oxidative stress; PARP; Poly(ADP-ribose)