title: Effects of Ischemic Reperfusion Injury and Remote Conditioning on Passive Leg Raising-Induced Brachial-Artery Dilation.
abstract: Passive leg raising (PLR) has been proposed to assess arterial vasodilator reserve and possibly endothelial function. Since endothelial function is sensitive to ischemic-reperfusion (I-R) injury, we determined the effects of I-R injury and ischemic conditioning on PLR-induced brachial-artery dilation (BAD), i.e. PLR-BAD.
  
  
  
  We induced PLR-BAD before and after ipsilateral arm I-R injury (7.5 min of occlusion) in 20 healthy males aged 29 ± 6 years. The protocol was repeated in combination with remote conditioning stimuli (3 × 30 s of contralateral arm occlusions).
  
  
  
  PLR resulted in significant BAD (3.85%, p < 0.001) before but not after prolonged ischemia (0.25%, p = 0.38). I-R injury, along with either preischemic or postischemic conditioning restored the PLR-BAD response (before: 3.11%, p < 0.001 and after: 3.74%, p < 0.001).
  
  
  
  I-R injury blunts the BAD induced by PLR. Remote pre- and postconditioning restore this response. These findings are similar to those previously reported using hyperemia and ultrasound to assess BAD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA.
authors.forename: Manasi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bapat
authors.forename: Bhawna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persits
authors.forename: Hue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Le
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janani
authors.forename: Haroon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamran
authors.forename: Keshwar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramkissoon
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salciccioli
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult