title: Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Derived Fractional Flow Reserve and Plaque Stress.
abstract: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measured during invasive coronary angiography is an independent prognosticator in patients with coronary artery disease and the gold standard for decision making in coronary revascularization. The integration of computational fluid dynamics and quantitative anatomic and physiologic modeling now enables simulation of patient-specific hemodynamic parameters including blood velocity, pressure, pressure gradients, and FFR from standard acquired coronary computed tomography (CT) datasets. In this review article, we describe the potential impact on clinical practice and the science behind noninvasive coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) as well as future applications of this technology in treatment planning and quantifying forces on atherosclerotic plaques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bjarne Linde
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leipsic
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bon-Kwon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Heart Flow, Inc., Redwood City, CA USA ; Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Zarins
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper Møller
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital of South West Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark ; Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Niels Peter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.affiliation: Heart Flow, Inc., Redwood City, CA USA ; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Taylor
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Axial plaque stress; Computational fluid dynamics; Coronary artery disease; Coronary computed tomography angiography; Coronary plaque; Fractional flow reserve; Invasive coronary angiography; Myocardial ischemia; Noninvasive cardiac imaging; Noninvasive diagnostic testing; Prognosis; Wall shear stress