title: Racial Differences in Communication Apprehension and Interprofessional Socialization in Fourth-Year Doctor of Pharmacy Students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine racial differences in communication apprehension and interprofessional socialization in fourth-year PharmD students and to investigate the relationship between the two constructs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two measures with reliability and validity psychometric evidence were administered to fourth-year pharmacy students at a single historically black university with a large racial minority population. The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) measures level of fear or anxiety associated with communication. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) measures beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors towards interprofessional collaborative practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fourteen students completed the survey. This produced a 77.4% response rate and 45.6% of the participants were African American. There were significant differences between races (ie, White, African-American, and Asian) on both measures. The PCRA-24 and ISVS were significantly correlated in each racial group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As pharmacy education moves to more interprofessional collaborations, the racial differences need to be considered and further explored. Pharmacy curricula can be structured to promote students' comfort when communicating interprofessionally across racial groups. Understanding of culture and early education in cultural competence may need to be emphasized to navigate racial or cultural differences.
authors.affiliation: Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, Louisiana; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: LaRochelle
authors.affiliation: Kent State University College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services, Kent, Ohio.
authors.forename: Aryn C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Karpinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D054521:Cultural Competency / Q000523:psychology*; D003479:Curriculum; D004514:Education, Pharmacy, Graduate / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D044469:Racial Groups; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012951:Socialization; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: communication apprehension; interprofessional socialization; pharmacy students; racial differences