title: A systematic review of the health-related quality of life and economic burdens of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a systematic review of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and economic burdens of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED).
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search of English-language studies was performed in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus, Business Source Premier, and Cochrane Library. Cost data were converted to 2014 Euro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine studies were included. Data on HRQoL were reported in 41 studies (18 for AN, 17 for BN, and 18 for BED), on healthcare utilization in 20 studies (14 for AN, 12 for BN, and 8 for BED), and on healthcare costs in 17 studies (9 for AN, 11 for BN, and only 2 for BED). Patients' HRQoL was significantly worse with AN, BN, and BED compared with healthy populations. AN, BN, and BED were associated with a high rate of hospitalization, outpatient care, and emergency department visits. However, patients rarely received specific treatment for their eating disorder. The annual healthcare costs for AN, BN, and BED were €2993 to €55,270, €888 to €18,823, and €1762 to €2902, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AN, BN, and BED have a serious impact on patient's HRQoL and are also associated with increased healthcare utilization and healthcare costs. The burden of BED should be examined separately from that of BN. The limited evidence suggests that further research is warranted to better understand the differences in long-term HRQoL and economic burdens of AN, BN, and BED.
authors.affiliation: Syreon Research Institute, 119 Thököly Street, 1146, Budapest, Hungary. tamas.agh@syreon.eu.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ágh
authors.affiliation: Syreon Research Institute, 119 Thököly Street, 1146, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Formerly of Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
authors.forename: Dylan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Supina
authors.affiliation: Formerly of Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
authors.forename: Manjiri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawaskar
authors.affiliation: Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
authors.forename: Barry K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Syreon Research Institute, 119 Thököly Street, 1146, Budapest, Hungary.|Department of Health Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/a Pázmány Péter Street, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vokó
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Sheehan
mesh_terms: D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Binge eating disorder; Bulimia nervosa; Cost of illness; Eating disorders; Quality of life