title: Long-term exposure to ELF-MF ameliorates cognitive deficits and attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in 3xTg AD mice.
abstract: Although numerous studies have reported the influence of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure on human health, its effects on cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have remained under debate. Moreover, the influence of ELF-MF on hyperphosphorylated tau, which is one of the most common pathological hallmarks of AD, has not been reported to date. Therefore, transgenic mice (3xTg) were used in the present study. 3xTg mice, which express an APP/PS1 mutation combined with a tau (P301L) mutation and that develop cognitive deficits at 6 months of age, were subjected to ELF-MF (50Hz, 500μT) exposure or sham exposure daily for 3 months. We discovered that ELF-MF exposure ameliorated cognitive deficits and increased synaptic proteins in 3xTg mice. The protective effects of ELF-MF exposure may have also been caused by the inhibition of apoptosis and/or decreased oxidative stress levels that were observed in the hippocampus tissues of treated mice. Furthermore, tau hyperphosphorylation was decreased in vivo because of ELF-MF exposure, and this decrease was induced by the inhibition of GSK3β and CDK5 activities and activation of PP2Ac. We are the first to report that exposure to ELF-MF can attenuate tau phosphorylation. These findings suggest that ELF-MF exposure could act as a valid therapeutic strategy for ameliorating cognitive deficits and attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Jinsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Baoquan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Xingfa
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Yemao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Jiangong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Guoran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Enjie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China. Electronic address: liugp111@mail.hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gong-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: chenchen@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Dao Wen
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016875:tau Proteins; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C495906:Cdk5 protein, mouse
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cognitive; ELF-MF; Tau phosphorylation