title: Evaluation of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals in 13-15-years-old boys from a sport school in Warsaw.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals, in teenagers engaged in physical activity increases the risk of health disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate selected vitamins and minerals intake in 13-15-year-old boys from sport school.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study of dietary intake was conducted among 44 boys from the School of Sport Championship (SSC). Nutritional data was collected using 24-hour recall for 3 days of week. Daily intake of minerals: sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine and vitamins: A, E, D, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, folate and niacin was estimated. The probability of insufficient intake of nutrients in relation to the standard levels: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) as well as excessive intake of them in relation to the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest percentage of insufficient intake concerned vitamin D (100%), potassium (69%), folate (53%), and calcium (50%), slightly lower of magnesium (27%), vitamins C (24%) and E (15%). The risk of inadequate intake of other minerals: sodium, copper, iron, zinc, phosphorus, iodine and vitamins: B6, B1, B2, A, B12, niacin, was relatively lower and amounted from 0.3% to 5.4%. The disturbingly high probability of exceeding the UL for sodium (99.5%) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant disproportion between the mean intake and the percentage of inadequate diets indicates a large diversity in the intake of vitamins and minerals in the group of studied boys, what was the reason of unbalanced diet. The insufficient intake concerns especially vitamin D, potassium, folate, calcium and a lesser extent magnesium, vitamins C and E. Sodium intake was disturbingly high. In order to avoid nutritional mistakes in the future education on the rational nutrition among students, their parents, and teachers is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szczepańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malczewska-Lenczowska
authors.affiliation: Independent Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Dietary Recommended Intakes, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wajszczyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals; D009752:Nutritional Status; D013177:Sports; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014815:Vitamins
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins