title: Localized rosuvastatin via implantable bioerodible sponge and its potential role in augmenting bone healing and regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Statins proved potential bone healing properties. Rosuvastatin is a synthetic, hydrophilic, potent and highly efficacious statin. In the current work, an attempt was investigated to develop, evaluate various bioerodible composite sponges enclosing rosuvastatin and explore their potential in augmenting bone healing and regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve lyophilized sponge formulae were prepared adapting a 41.31full factorial design. Xanthan gum, polycarbophil, Carbopol® and sodium alginate were investigated as anionic polymers, each at three chitosan:anionic polymer ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1). The formula of choice was implanted in fractured rat femora.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual and microscopic examination showed flexible homogenous porous structures with considerable bending ability. Polyelectrolyte complex formation was proved by DSC and FT-IR for all chitosan/anionic combinations except with xanthan gum where chitosan probably bound to the drug rather than xanthan gum. Statistical analysis proved that anionic polymer type and chitosan: polymer ratio, as well as, their interactions, exhibited significant effects on the release parameters at p ≤ 0.05. The optimum chitosan/anionic polymer complexation ratios were 3:1 for polycarbophil and 1:1 for Carbopol and alginate. The release at these ratios followed Fiction diffusion while other ratios had anomalous diffusion. Imwitor® 900K and HPMC K100M were added as release retarardants for further release optimization. The formula of choice was implanted in fractured rat femora. Histopathological examination revealed advanced stages of healing in treated femora compared to control ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodegradable sponges for local rosuvastatin delivery proved significantly enhanced wound healing and regeneration properties to fractured bones.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and.
authors.forename: Howida Kamal
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and.|b Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Rania Hassan
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Fahmy
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000464:Alginates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011108:Polymers; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; C002563:xanthan gum
keywords: Bioerodible; biodegradable sponge; bone healing; polyelectrolyte complex; rosuvastatin