title: Evidence for divergence of response in Indica, Japonica, and wild rice to high CO2 × temperature interaction.
abstract: High CO2 and high temperature have an antagonistic interaction effect on rice yield potential and present a unique challenge to adapting rice to projected future climates. Understanding how the differences in response to these two abiotic variables are partitioned across rice germplasm accessions may be key to identifying potentially useful sources of resilient alleles for adapting rice to climate change. In this study, we evaluated eleven globally diverse rice accessions under controlled conditions at two carbon dioxide concentrations (400 and 600 ppm) and four temperature environments (29 °C day/21 °C night; 29 °C day/21 °C night with additional heat stress at anthesis; 34 °C day/26 °C night; and 34 °C day/26 °C night with additional heat stress at anthesis) for a suite of traits including five yield components, five growth characteristics, one phenological trait, and four photosynthesis-related measurements. Multivariate analyses of mean trait data from these eight treatments divide our rice panel into two primary groups consistent with the genetic classification of INDICA/INDICA-like and JAPONICA populations. Overall, we find that the productivity of plants grown under elevated [CO2 ] was more sensitive (negative response) to high temperature stress compared with that of plants grown under ambient [CO2 ] across this diversity panel. We report differential response to CO2 × temperature interaction for INDICA/INDICA-like and JAPONICA rice accessions and find preliminary evidence for the beneficial introduction of exotic alleles into cultivated rice genomic background. Overall, these results support the idea of using wild or currently unadapted gene pools in rice to enhance breeding efforts to secure future climate change adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
authors.forename: Diane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.affiliation: Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Martha B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Tomecek
authors.affiliation: Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2890 HWY 130 E., Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gealy
authors.affiliation: Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2890 HWY 130 E., Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McClung
authors.affiliation: Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McCouch
authors.affiliation: Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ziska
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D057231:Climate Change; D006358:Hot Temperature; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D010788:Photosynthesis
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: carbon dioxide; genetic diversity; plasticity; resilience; response; rice; temperature stress