title: The emerging role of galectins in cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Galectins are an ancient family of β-galactoside-specific lectins and consist of 15 different types, each with a specific function. They play a role in the immune system, inflammation, wound healing and carcinogenesis. In particular the role of galectin in cancer is widely studied. Lately, the role of galectins in the development of cardiovascular disease has gained attention. Worldwide cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death. In ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis limits adequate blood flow. Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis are highly important mechanisms relieving ischemia by restoring perfusion to the post-stenotic myocardial area. Galectins act ambiguous, both relieving ischemia and accelerating atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis can ultimately lead to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, which are both associated with galectins. There is also a role for galectins in the development of myocarditis by their influence on inflammatory processes. Moreover, galectin acts as a biomarker for the severity of myocardial ischemia and heart failure. This review summarizes the association between galectins and the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases such as myocarditis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore it focuses on the association between galectin and more general mechanisms such as angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nina W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: van der Hoeven
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maurits R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cansu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthijs F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Teunissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anton J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Horrevoets
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tineke C T M
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: van der Pouw Kraan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.vanroyen@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Royen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D037161:Galectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037161:Galectins