title: Breast Cancer: The Perspective of Northern Nigerian Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rising incidence of breast cancer is complicated by late presentation, which marks breast cancer diagnosis in Nigeria with about 70% of cases presenting at advanced stages of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine the general level of awareness of breast cancer, breast cancer risk factors, signs/symptoms as well as preventive measures nothern Nigerian women. It also aimed at determining their attitudes toward breast cancer cure, prevention and cause. Finally, it aims to determine their practices toward breast cancer and its associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional community survey was used to study 230 women aged 15-60 years in Chikun Local Government Area. The subjects were selected based on nonprobability sampling. Data collected using self-administered questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science students (version 16). Test of associations employed Chi-square statistical tool with the level of significance taken at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 75.2% knew about breast cancer with health facility (29.13%) being the greatest source of information. An average of 29.35% had knowledge of the risk factors tested. Mean knowledge of the signs and symptoms was 50.1% Average knowledge of breast cancer screening methods was 34.26% with breast self-examination (BSE) (46.1%) being the most recognized. In relation to perception, about 21.7% strongly agreed with the fact that breast cancer is treatable following early detection while 18.3% strongly agreed that screening is effective in detecting breast cancer. Concerning practice, an average of 10.2% practiced any of the screening methods, with BSE (17.4%) being the most practiced. Strongest reasons for nonpractice was ignorance (17.4%). An association was established between knowledge and practice of all the screening methods (P = 0.001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is insufficient knowledge, as well as poor practices in relation to important factors associated with breast cancer prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Unit, National Open University of Nigeria, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Samuel O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Azubuike
authors.affiliation: Kakuri Open Prison Camp Clinic, Kaduna, Nigeria.
authors.forename: U Onuoha
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Celestina
keywords: Attitudes; Nigeria; breast cancer; knowledge; practice; women