title: Clarification of mural cell coverage of vascular endothelial cells by live imaging of zebrafish.
abstract: Mural cells (MCs) consisting of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes cover the endothelial cells (ECs) to regulate vascular stability and homeostasis. Here, we clarified the mechanism by which MCs develop and cover ECs by generating transgenic zebrafish lines that allow live imaging of MCs and by lineage tracing in vivo To cover cranial vessels, MCs derived from either neural crest cells or mesoderm emerged around the preformed EC tubes, proliferated and migrated along EC tubes. During their migration, the MCs moved forward by extending their processes along the inter-EC junctions, suggesting a role for inter-EC junctions as a scaffold for MC migration. In the trunk vasculature, MCs derived from mesoderm covered the ventral side of the dorsal aorta (DA), but not the posterior cardinal vein. Furthermore, the MCs migrating from the DA or emerging around intersegmental vessels (ISVs) preferentially covered arterial ISVs rather than venous ISVs, indicating that MCs mostly cover arteries during vascular development. Thus, live imaging and lineage tracing enabled us to clarify precisely how MCs cover the EC tubes and to identify the origins of MCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan fuku@ncvc.go.jp nmochizu@ncvc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shigetomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.affiliation: Frontier Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
authors.forename: Nanae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology Programme, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kelsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan AMED-CREST, Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan fuku@ncvc.go.jp nmochizu@ncvc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D020286:Pericytes / Q000166:cytology*; D015027:Zebrafish
keywords: Mural cells; Pdgfrb; Pericytes; Vascular smooth muscle cells; Zebrafish