title: Large exotropia after retrobulbar anesthesia.
abstract: A 67-year-old woman complained of horizontal diplopia shortly following bilateral cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation performed under retrobulbar anesthesia. Retrobulbar anesthesia was administered at an inferotemporal injection site using 1 cc lidocaine hydrochloride 2% mixed with bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5%. The initial ophthalmologic evaluation showed a 12-prism diopter (PD) exotropia, and ocular motility evaluation revealed marked limitation of adduction without vertical limitation. One year after cataract surgery, the exodeviation increased up to 60 PD. The patient underwent an 8.0-mm recession of the right lateral rectus and a 6.0-mm recession of the left lateral rectus. Both lateral rectus muscles were biopsied, and biopsy revealed dense fibrous connective tissue without viable muscular cells. The lateral rectus muscle might be injured by retrobulbar anesthesia, and it could induce large exotropia.
authors.forename: Chung-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon; Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea, KOrea.
authors.forename: Ungsoo Samuel
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D004172:Diplopia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D005099:Exotropia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine