title: Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth of Embryonic Neural Stem Cells via Up-Regulating TRPC1.
abstract: Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. However, little is focused on the effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neurogenesis. Here, we studied the potential effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs). We exposed eNSCs to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) for 1, 2, and 3 days with 4 hours per day. We found that eNSC proliferation and maintenance were significantly enhanced after ELF-EMF exposure in proliferation medium. ELF-EMF exposure increased the ratio of differentiated neurons and promoted the neurite outgrowth of eNSC-derived neurons without influencing astrocyes differentiation and the cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression of the proneural genes, NeuroD and Ngn1, which are crucial for neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth, was increased after ELF-EMF exposure. Moreover, the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) was significantly up-regulated accompanied by increased the peak amplitude of intracellular calcium level induced by ELF-EMF. Furthermore, silencing TRPC1 expression eliminated the up-regulation of the proneural genes and the promotion of neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth induced by ELF-EMF. These results suggest that ELF-EMF exposure promotes the neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of eNSCs via up-regulation the expression of TRPC1 and proneural genes (NeuroD and Ngn1). These findings also provide new insights in understanding the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on embryonic brain development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qinlong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chunhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Shangcheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Mindi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weixia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Huifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Zhengwang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yanwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Zhengping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; C096351:transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1