title: Risk factors for erectile dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between risk factors for cardiac disease and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men from Xi'an, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were patients with cardiovascular disease who visited the Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Xi'an Jiaotong University First Affiliated Hospital between September 2011 and March 2012. Two hundred and fifty patients were issued with questionnaires and underwent a physical examination and blood test.Risk factors for ED were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 222 participants returned valid questionnaires (89% response rate), underwent a physical examination and blood test, and were included in the study. The most common cardiovascular diseases were hypertension (n = 142; 64%), coronary heart disease (n = 90; 41%) and angina pectoris (n = 78; 35%). Most patients (n = 144; 65%) had two or more cardiovascular diseases. Age, smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol level, hypertension and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly associated with ED. Domestic location, level of education, participation in physical activity, diabetes and drinking alcohol were not associated with ED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common risk factors for cardiovascular disease are associated with ED in patients with cardiovascular disease. This study furthers understanding of the risk factors for ED in Chinese patients with cardiovascular disease and paves the way for further research into the prevention of ED.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Department, Shenmu Hospital, Yulin City, China.
authors.forename: Bilal Haider
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Shamsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Fa
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China xingjpcn@gmail.com drhydi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007297:Inpatients; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; diabetes; erectile dysfunction; hypertension; total cholesterol