title: The Dynamic Changes of the Plasma Membrane Proteins and the Protective Roles of Nitric Oxide in Rice Subjected to Heavy Metal Cadmium Stress.
abstract: The heavy metal cadmium is a common environmental contaminant in soils and has adverse effects on crop growth and development. The signaling processes in plants that initiate cellular responses to environmental stress have been shown to be located in the plasma membrane (PM). A better understanding of the PM proteome in response to environmental stress might provide new insights for improving stress-tolerant crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is reported to be involved in the plant response to cadmium (Cd) stress. To further investigate how NO modulates protein changes in the plasma membrane during Cd stress, a quantitative proteomics approach based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was used to identify differentially regulated proteins from the rice plasma membrane after Cd or Cd and NO treatment. Sixty-six differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which, many function as transporters, ATPases, kinases, metabolic enzymes, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Among these, the abundance of phospholipase D (PLD) was altered substantially after the treatment of Cd or Cd and NO. Transient expression of the PLD fused with green fluorescent peptide (GFP) in rice protoplasts showed that the Cd and NO treatment promoted the accumulation of PLD in the plasma membrane. Addition of NO also enhanced Cd-induced PLD activity and the accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) produced through PLD activity. Meanwhile, NO elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and caused the accumulation of glutathione, both which function to reduce Cd-induced H2O2 accumulation. Taken together, we suggest that NO signaling is associated with the accumulation of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and PA which increases cadmium tolerance in rice via the antioxidant defense system.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environment Protection, Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuaian, China; Department of Plant Pathology, University of GeorgiaTifton, GA, USA; Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceTifton, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environment Protection, Huaiyin Normal University Huaian, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Tifton, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Karen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Harris-Shultz
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia Tifton, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Tifton, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Elsayed F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Abd-Allah
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environment Protection, Huaiyin Normal University Huaian, China.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
keywords: cadmium pollution; lipid hydrolysis; nitric oxide; quantitative proteomics; reactive oxygen species; rice