title: Guided online self-management interventions in primary care: a survey on use, facilitators, and barriers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guided online psychological self-management interventions offer broad prospects for the treatment of people with mild to moderate mental health problems, but implementation is challenging. The aims of this study are (1) to gain insight into use of and intention to use these interventions among primary care health professionals, (2) to determine the main barriers to use such interventions among non-users.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online survey based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was disseminated among mental health counsellors (MHCs; in Dutch POHs) in GP practices and primary care psychologists (PCP) in mental health care practices. The survey covered the current use of online interventions, the intention to use these in the future, and an operationalization of the UTAUT concepts: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 481 MHCs and 290 PCPs responded (24%). Of them, 49% of MHCs and 21% of PCPs currently use online interventions in their treatments. A further 40% of MHCs and 27% of PCPs plan to introduce such interventions within the next year. Both groups were moderately positive about the presence of eHealth facilitators in their daily practice. Among current non-users, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions were significant predictors of usage intention in both groups of health professionals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of and intention to use online interventions is relatively high in Dutch primary care. Non-users, particularly, experience several barriers which need attention to enhance implementation. There is a need for further efforts regarding facilitation of and education on eHealth, as well as for research directed to its normalization in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. r.vandervaart@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van der Vaart
authors.affiliation: Unit of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. v.atema@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Atema
authors.affiliation: Unit of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. a.evers@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.|Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. a.evers@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Andrea W M
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Evers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data