title: Magnetic hydroxyapatite coatings as a new tool in medicine: A scanning probe investigation.
abstract: Hydroxyapatite films enriched with magnetite have been fabricated via a Pulsed Plasma Deposition (PPD) system with the final aim of representing a new platform able to disincentivate bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. The chemical composition and magnetic properties of films were respectively examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) measurements. The morphology and conductive properties of the magnetic films were investigated via a combination of scanning probe technologies including atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Interestingly, the range of adopted techniques allowed determining the preservation of the chemical composition and magnetic properties of the deposition target material while STM analysis provided new insights on the presence of surface inhomogeneities, revealing the presence of magnetite-rich islands over length scales compatible with the applications. Finally, preliminary results of bacterial adhesion tests, indicated a higher ability of magnetic hydroxyapatite films to reduce Escherichia coli adhesion at 4h from seeding compared to control hydroxyapatite films.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotecnologie (NaBi), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: a.gambardella@biomec.ior.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotecnologie (NaBi), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.affiliation: Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29.300, P.O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo Staz, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaciulis
authors.affiliation: Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29.300, P.O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo Staz, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mezzi
authors.affiliation: Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29.300, P.O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo Staz, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brucale
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Nanostructures for Spintronics and Nanomedicine, CNR-ISMN, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.affiliation: Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herrmannsdoerfer
authors.affiliation: Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.affiliation: Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhlarz
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa Microbiologia Laboratorio Unico del Centro Servizi AUSL della Romagna, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa Microbiologia Laboratorio Unico del Centro Servizi AUSL della Romagna, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pedna
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa Microbiologia Laboratorio Unico del Centro Servizi AUSL della Romagna, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sambri
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotecnologie (NaBi), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcacci
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di NanoBiotecnologie (NaBi), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development*; D008280:Magnetics; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Escherichia coli adhesion; Magnetic biomaterials; Nanomedicine; Percolation; Scanning probes; Tissue engineering