title: Unilateral Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Causing Bilateral Ocular Manifestation.
abstract: Unilateral carotid cavernous fistula presents with ipsilateral ocular findings. Bilateral presentation is only seen in bilateral fistulas, usually associated with indirect (dural) carotid cavernous fistulas. Direct carotid cavernous fistulas are an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. They typically begin with a traumatic disruption in the artery wall into the cavernous sinus, presenting with a classic triad of unilateral pulsatile exophthalmos, cranial bruit and episcleral venous engorgement. We report the case of a 38-year-old male with traumatic right carotid cavernous sinus fistula and bilateral ocular presentation successfully treated by interventional neuroradiology.
authors.affiliation: Cajuru Hospital, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Zeferino
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demartini
authors.affiliation: Cajuru Hospital, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liebert
authors.affiliation: Cajuru Hospital, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Antunes Maranha
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gatto
authors.affiliation: Cajuru Hospital, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Simiano
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Cajuru Hospital, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Cajuru Hospital, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex Marques Borges
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Cajuru Hospital, PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gelson Luis
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Koppe
keywords: Carotid artery injury; Carotid cavernous sinus fistula; Endovascular procedure; Exophthalmos; Papilledema; Therapeutic embolization