title: Antioxidant, antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities in selected seaweed species from Sinaloa, Mexico.
abstract: Context Seaweeds from the Mexican Pacific Ocean have not been evaluated as a source of chemoprotectants. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate chemopreventive activities of the seaweeds Phaephyceae - Padina durvillaei (Dictyotaceae) - Rodhophyceae - Spyridia filamentosa (Spyridiaceae), Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariaceae) - and Chlorophyceae - Ulva expansa (Ulvaceae), Codium isabelae (Codiaceae), Rhizoclonium riparium (Cladophoraceae) and Caulerpa sertularioides (Caulerpaceae). Materials and methods Methanol, acetone and hexane seaweed extracts were assessed at 30 and 3 mg/mL on antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS assays), 0.003-3.0 mg/plate on antimutagenic activity against AFB1 using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 tester strains in Ames test, and 12.5 to 100 μg/mL on antiproliferative activity on Murine B-cell lymphoma. Phenols, flavonoids and pigments content were also assessed as antioxidant compounds. Results Extraction yield was higher in methanol than in acetone and hexane extracts (6.4, 2.7 and 1.4% dw). Antioxidant capacity was higher in brown and green than in red seaweed species, particularly in P. durvillaei extracted in acetone (EC50  value= 16.9 and 1.56 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS). Flavonoids and chlorophylls were identified as mainly antioxidant components; particularly in hexane extracts, which were correlated with the antioxidant capacity. Highest mutagenesis inhibition (> 40%) occurred in R. riparium at the lowest concentration assayed (0.003 mg/plate), while highest antiproliferative inhibition (37 and 72% for 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) occurred in C. sertularioides. Discussion and conclusion Flavonoids and chlorophylls explained the chemopreventive activities assessed in S. filamentosa, R. riparium and C. sertularioides. These seaweeds have a high potential as a source of novel chemoprotectants.
authors.affiliation: a Facultad De Ciencias Del Mar , Universidad Autónoma De Sinaloa , Mazatlán , Sinaloa , México ;
authors.forename: Idalia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Osuna-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: b Departamento De Investigación Y Posgrado En Alimentos , Universidad De Sonora , Sonora , México ;
authors.forename: Carmen-María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: López-Saiz
authors.affiliation: b Departamento De Investigación Y Posgrado En Alimentos , Universidad De Sonora , Sonora , México ;
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burgos-Hernández
authors.affiliation: c Departamento De Ciencias Químico Biológicas , Universidad De Sonora , Sonora , México.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velázquez
authors.affiliation: a Facultad De Ciencias Del Mar , Universidad Autónoma De Sinaloa , Mazatlán , Sinaloa , México ;
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieves-Soto
authors.affiliation: a Facultad De Ciencias Del Mar , Universidad Autónoma De Sinaloa , Mazatlán , Sinaloa , México ;
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hurtado-Oliva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D010851:Picrates; D012997:Solvents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D002734:Chlorophyll; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Algae; carotenoids; cellular antiproliferation; chemopreventive; chlorophylls; mutagenic inhibition; phenolic compounds