title: Effect of different final irrigating solutions on smear layer removal in apical third of root canal: A scanning electron microscope study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the smear layer removal efficacy of different irrigating solutions at the apical third of the root canal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty human single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were taken and decoronated to standardize the canal length to 14 mm. They were prepared by ProTaper rotary system to an apical preparation of file size F3. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10); saline (Group 1; negative control), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Group 2), BioPure MTAD (Group 3), and QMix 2 in 1 (Group 4). After final irrigation with tested irrigants, the teeth were split into two halves longitudinally and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the removal of smear layer. The SEM images were then analyzed for the amount of smear layer present using a three score system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intergroup comparison of groups showed statistically significant difference in the smear layer removal efficacy of irrigants tested. QMix 2 in 1 is most effective in removal of smear layer when compared to other tested irrigants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QMix 2 in 1 is the most effective final irrigating solution for smear layer removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sayesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vemuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sreeha Kaluva
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kolanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sujana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varri
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pabbati
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penumaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nagesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bolla
keywords: Endodontic irrigation; MTAD; QMix 2 in 1; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; scanning electron microscopy; smear layer