title: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-producing gallbladder carcinoma-include analysis all case reports: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is extremely rare for gallbladder carcinoma to produce granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and such tumors have a poor prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 67-year-old man was admitted with continuous fever. Laboratory tests showed a leukocyte count of 27,980/μL, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) of 9.2mg/dL and serum G-CSF of 225pg/mL. Imaging revealed an irregular gallbladder mass about 90mm in diameter with peripheral enhancement that also involved the liver and transverse colon. G-CSF producing gallbladder carcinoma was diagnosed. We performed cholecystectomy, partial resection of segments 4 and 5 of the liver, partial resection of the transverse colon, and gastrostomy. Histopathological examination showed gallbladder carcinoma (pT3, pN0, M0, G2, and pStage IIIA by the UICC classification, version 7). On immunohistochemical staining, tumor cells were positive for G-CSF. The leukocyte count was normalized postoperatively and fever subsided immediately after surgery. Two months later, the leukocyte count rose to 56,820/μL and metastases to the liver and lymph nodes were detected by CT. Chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin) was started and the leukocyte count was normalized after the first course. The patient has continued chemotherapy and has survived for 16 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF producing gallbladder carcinoma has a poor prognosis and most patients die within 12 months of starting therapy. It is rare for patients with recurrence to survive for 16 months after surgery, as in the present case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidisciplinary therapy (surgery and chemotherapy) may prolong the survival of patients with G-CSF producing gallbladder carcinoma, especially those with recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan; Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. Electronic address: izumo@ige.twmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Izumo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katsuragawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hataji
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tama-Nanbu Chiiki Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, 2-1-2 Nakazawa, Tama, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
keywords: Gallbladder carcinoma; Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; Long survival