title: Male chronic pelvic pain: An update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome collectively referred to as urologic CPPS (UCPPS) is defined by the absence of identifiable bacterial infection as a cause for the chronic pain and urinary symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed search of all recent relevant articles using the keywords/phrases: CPPS, CPPS, and male pelvic pain, was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPPS has a high worldwide prevalence and its negative impact on quality of life compares with or exceeds common chronic morbidities. Triggers include certain comestibles as well as psychosocial factors that promote catastrophizing and illness focused behavior. Several validated tools are currently available to help diagnose and direct targeted therapy. Treatment should begin with the most simple and least invasive based on the presenting clinical phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no gold-standard treatment exists, a multidisciplinary approach with multimodal therapy gives the UCPPS patient the best chance of symptom relief.
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Smith
keywords: Chronic pelvic pain syndrome; male pelvic pain; prostatitis