title: Simple, Robust, and Plasticizer-Free Iodide-Selective Sensor Based on Copolymerized Triazole-Based Ionic Liquid.
abstract: Novel solid-contact iodide-selective electrodes based on covalently attached 1,2,3 triazole ionic liquid (IL) were prepared and investigated in this study. Triazole-based IL moieties were synthesized using click chemistry and were further copolymerized with lauryl methacrylate via a simple one-step free radical polymerization to produce a "self-plasticized" copolymer. The mechanical properties of the copolymer are suitable for the fabrication of plasticizer-free ion-selective membrane electrodes. We demonstrate that covalently attached IL moieties provide adequate functionality to the ion-selective membrane, thus achieving a very simple, one-component sensing membrane. We also demonstrate that the presence of iodide as the counterion in the triazole moiety has direct influence on the membrane's functionality. Potentiometric experiments revealed that each electrode displays high selectivity toward iodide anions over a number of inorganic anions. Moreover, the inherent presence of the iodide in the membrane reduces the need for conditioning. The nonconditioned electrodes show strikingly similar response characteristics compared to the conditioned ones. The electrodes exhibited a near Nernstian behavior with a slope of -56.1 mV per decade across a large concentration range with lower detection limits found at approximately 6.3 × 10(-8) M or 8 ppb. These all-solid-state sensors were utilized for the selective potentiometric determination of iodide ions in artificial urine samples in the nanomolar concentration range.
authors.affiliation: Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University , Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendecki
authors.affiliation: Sackler Sciences Center, Department of Chemistry, Clark University , Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaorui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology , Kevin Street, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Callan
authors.affiliation: Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University , Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology , Kevin Street, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schazmann
authors.affiliation: Sackler Sciences Center, Department of Chemistry, Clark University , Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Granados-Focil
authors.affiliation: Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University , Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radu
mesh_terms: D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D007454:Iodides / Q000652:urine*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010968:Plasticizers; D058105:Polymerization; D011199:Potentiometry; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007454:Iodides; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010968:Plasticizers; D014230:Triazoles