title: Social Activities, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relationships between social activities, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality among older adults in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2010) were employed. Two measures of social engagement, volunteering and informal helping, along with two measures of social participation, attendance at religious services and social group meetings, were included. Mediation models for health behaviors were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multinomial logistic regression models demonstrated that volunteering provided the most consistent results in terms of a lower risk of incident CVD and mortality. Furthermore, volunteering at higher time commitments is related to lower CVD incidence and death; informally helping others at a modest time commitment is related to lower risk of death only. Health behaviors mediated the relationships. Social participation was not related to either CVD or mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social activity is a modifiable behavior that may be considered a potential health intervention.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Sae Hwang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: 2 Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saczynski
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007899:Leisure Activities; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012179:Retirement; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: heart disease; informal help; physical activity; smoking; social groups; volunteering