title: Internalization of Calcium Oxalate Calculi Developed in Narrow Cavities.
abstract: We describe the case of a patient with calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi occluded in cavities. All those calculi were located inside narrow cavities covered with a thin epithelium that permits their visualization. Urinary biochemical analysis showed high calciuria, not hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and a ratio [calcium]/[citrate] >0.33. The existence of cavities of very low urodynamic efficacy was decisive in the formation of such calculi. It is important to emphasize that we observed a thin epithelium covering such cavities, demonstrating that this epithelium may be formed after the development of the calculi through a re-epithelialization process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Faculty of Sciences, Universitary Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Fèlix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grases
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Faculty of Sciences, Universitary Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa-Bauzá
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Faculty of Sciences, Universitary Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Faculty of Sciences, Universitary Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Hospital de Manacor, IB-Salut, Manacor, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Servera
keywords: Calcium oxalate stones; Calculi occluded in cavities