title: Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells.
abstract: Perovskite solar cells utilizing a two-step deposited CH3NH3PbI3 thin film were rapidly sintered using an intense pulsed light source. For the first time, a heat treatment has shown the capability of sintering methylammonium lead iodide perovskite and creating large crystal sizes approaching 1 μm without sacrificing surface coverage. Solar cells with an average efficiency of 11.5% and a champion device of 12.3% are reported. The methylammonium lead iodide perovskite was subjected to 2000 J of energy in a 2 ms pulse of light generated by a xenon lamp, resulting in temperatures significantly exceeding the degradation temperature of 150 °C. The process opens up new opportunities in the manufacturability of perovskite solar cells by eliminating the rate-limiting annealing step, and makes it possible to envision a continuous roll-to-roll process similar to the printing press used in the newspaper industry.
authors.affiliation: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.
authors.forename: Brandon W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lavery
authors.affiliation: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.
authors.forename: Sudesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konermann
authors.affiliation: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.
authors.forename: Gabriel L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.affiliation: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spurgeon
authors.affiliation: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.
authors.forename: Thad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Druffel
keywords: intense pulsed light; methylammonium lead iodide; perovskite; photovoltaics; scalable manufacturing; sintering