title: Interaction between sulfur and lead in toxicity, iron plaque formation and lead accumulation in rice plant.
abstract: Human activities have resulted in lead and sulfur accumulation in paddy soils in parts of southern China. A combined soil-sand pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of S supply on iron plaque formation and Pb accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under two Pb levels (0 and 600 mg kg(-1)), combined with four S concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mg kg(-1)). Results showed that S supply significantly decreased Pb accumulation in straw and grains of rice. This result may be attributed to the enhancement of Fe plaque formation, decrease of Pb availability in soil, and increase of reduced glutathione (GSH) in rice leaves. Moderate S supply (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly increased Fe plaque formation on the root surface and in the rhizosphere, whereas excessive S supply (60 and 120 mg kg(-1)) significantly decreased the amounts of iron plaque on the root surface. Sulfur supply significantly enhanced the GSH contents in leaves of rice plants under Pb treatment. With excessive S application, the rice root acted as a more effective barrier to Pb accumulation compared with iron plaque. Excessive S supply may result in a higher monosulfide toxicity and decreased iron plaque formation on the root surface during flooded conditions. However, excessive S supply could effectively decrease Pb availability in soils and reduce Pb accumulation in rice plants.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Junxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhiyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Guodi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Hanzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M, Commerce, TX 75428, United States.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China. Electronic address: guoqj@igsnrr.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Ruixiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangdong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangxu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Rongfei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D013455:Sulfur; D007501:Iron
keywords: Glutathione; Iron plaque; Lead; Rice (Oryza sativa L.); Sulfur