title: Regulatory effects of anesthetics on nitric oxide.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas in the biological system, which is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family. NO acts as a biological mediator and plays important roles in different systems in humans. The NO/NOS system exerts a broad spectrum of signaling functions involved in vasodilation, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardioprotection and neuroprotection. It has been demonstrated that intravenous and volatile anesthetics (such as propofol, ketamine, midazolam, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane, etc.) modulate NO production through multiple mechanisms that may influence physiological and pathophysiological processes. This review focuses on the effects of different anesthetics on NO/NOS regulation in different disease conditions. Possible cellular mechanisms and intermediate role of NO/NOS in anesthetic-mediated organ protection are also discussed. It would be interesting to clarify the impact of anesthetics on NO/NOS regulation. This review gives an overview of the effects of different anesthetics on NO/NOS regulation and function in different physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Dongpei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: hfang@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: HeHW@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase
keywords: Anesthetics; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Nitric oxide/nitric oxide synthase; Organ protection; Propofol; Sevoflurane