title: D-AKAP1a is a signal-anchored protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane.
abstract: Dual A-kinase anchoring protein 1a (D-AKAP1a, AKAP1) regulates cAMP signaling in mitochondria. However, it is not clear how D-AKAP1a is associated with mitochondria. In this study, we show that D-AKAP1a is a transmembrane protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). We revealed that the N-terminus of D-AKAP1a is exposed to the intermembrane space of mitochondria and that its C-terminus is located on the cytoplasmic side of the MOM. Moderate hydrophobicity and the positively charged flanking residues of the transmembrane domain of D-AKAP1a were important for targeting. Taken together, D-AKAP1a can be classified as a signal-anchored protein in the MOM. Our topological study provides valuable information about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mitochondrial targeting of AKAP1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Heeju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: You-Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Kiun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kaang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.|Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019295:Computational Biology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems
chemical_list: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; C105137:AKAP1 protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP
keywords: D-AKAP1a; mitochondrial outer membrane; signal-anchored protein; transmembrane protein