title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex and HIV Co-Infection among Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Suspected Cases at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are interrelated as a result of immune depression. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates and the burden of HIV co-infection among EPTB suspected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among EPTB suspected patients at the University of Gondar Hospital. Socio-demographic characteristics and other clinical data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was performed to diagnosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Rifampicin resistance. All samples were also investigated by cytology and culture. The HIV statuses of all patients were screened initially by KHB, and all positive cases were further re-tested by STAT-pack. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 computer software and a P-value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 141 extrapulmonary suspected patients were enrolled in this study. The overall prevalence of culture confirmed extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection was 29.8%, but the GeneXpert result showed a 26.2% prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection. The 78.4% prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection was found to be higher among the adult population. The prevalence of HIV infection among EPTB suspected patients was 14.1%, while it was 32.4% among GeneXpert-confirmed extrapulmonary TB cases (12/37). Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the predominant (78.4%) type of EPTB infection followed by tuberculosis cold abscess (10.7%). Adult hood, previous history of contact with known pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and HIV co-infection showed a statistically significant association with extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection (P<0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of culture confirmed-EPTB infection was high, and a higher EPTB-HIV co-infection was also observed.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), The University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Alemu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fanosie
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), The University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Baye
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelaw
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), The University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Belay
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tessema
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), The University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Wogahta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tesfay
authors.affiliation: Bahir Dar Regional Health and Research Laboratory Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Aschalew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Admasu
authors.affiliation: Bahir Dar Regional Health and Research Laboratory Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Gashaw
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yitayew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult