title: Circulating cellular adhesion molecules and risk of diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
abstract: To test the hypothesis that soluble cellular adhesion molecules would be positively and independently associated with risk of diabetes.
  
  
  
  Soluble levels of six cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, E-selectin, VCAM-1, E-cadherin, L-selectin and P-selectin) were measured in participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a prospective cohort study. Participants were then followed for up to 10 years to ascertain incident diabetes.
  
  
  
  Sample sizes ranged from 826 to 2185. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI and fasting glucose or HbA1c , four cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, E-selectin, VCAM-1 and E-cadherin) were positively associated with incident diabetes and there was a statistically significant trend across quartiles. Comparing the incidence of diabetes in the highest and lowest quartiles of each cellular adhesion molecule, the magnitude of association was largest for E-selectin (hazard ratio 2.49; 95% CI 1.26-4.93) and ICAM-1 (hazard ratio 1.76; 95% CI 1.22-2.55) in fully adjusted models. Tests of effect modification by racial/ethnic group and sex were not statistically significant for any of the cellular adhesion molecules (P > 0.05).
  
  
  
  The finding of significant associations between multiple cellular adhesion molecules and incident diabetes may lend further support to the hypothesis that microvascular endothelial dysfunction contributes to risk of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pankow
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: N Q
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sale
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wassel
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bielinski
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C513384:CDH1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D019040:E-Selectin; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D019007:P-Selectin; C546936:SELE protein, human; C546935:SELL protein, human; C546937:SELP protein, human; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin