title: Perception of young adults toward hookah use in Mumbai.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of tobacco has been on the rise globally including in India, posing a grave public health problem. Recently, tobacco use through hookah smoking has increased among young adults in India, Middle East, Southwest Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. Hookah prevalence of 0.4-15% has been reported in India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to understand perception of hookah use among young adults in Mumbai.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 500 college students, with/without hookah habit, were given a self-administered questionnaire to indicate their perception of hookah use, using yes/no responses. The responses were analyzed in the users/non-users and considered significantly different at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 122 hookah users and 325 non-users. The perception of hookah use between users and non-users and males and females, showed significant differences (P < 0.05), with respect to hookah being injurious to health, causes cancer, is addictive, influence of a close friend, flavors, curiosity toward hookah use and willingness to prepare hookah at home. Whereas, differences in the groups perception of hookah as safer than cigarettes, harmful air quality, ambience, cool look and means of socializing, was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perception of young adults in Mumbai, toward hookah use, indicates an increased trend to use hookah. We recommend deterrents for hookah use by display of health warnings on hookah assembly and the tobacco products, implementation of government policies on hookah and tobacco use and punitive measures for offenders.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Dani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oswal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maudgal
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Studies, Cancer Patients Aid Association, King George Memorial, Mahalaxmi; School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saranath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult