title: Overcoming the challenge of venous occlusion for lead implantation.
abstract: Vein stenosis or occlusion is a frequent finding in patients with previously-implanted transvenous leads. This editorial describes the different techniques that may be used to overcome this hurdle in case a new lead needs to be implanted, and discusses two case reports in this issue of the journal.
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Service, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Haran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burri
keywords: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead; Pacemaker lead; Vein occlusion; Vein stenosis