title: Factors associated with decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the risk factors for decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster sampling method was adopted in this large-sample, cross-sectional study. A total of 219 postmenopausal female inpatients with schizophrenia were selected and interviewed in Beijing. The average age of the patients was 60.4±7.0 years. Clinical assessment instruments included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and a questionnaire with detailed general information and disease-related investigations. Laboratory measurements included prolactin (PRL), estradiol, progesterone, thyroid stimulating hormone, FT3, and FT4. BMD testing was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia was 66.2% (n=145). Decreased BMD was associated with age, illness duration, therapeutic dose (equivalent chlorpromazine dose), treatment duration, PANSS-negative scores, body mass index (BMI), daily exercises (min/d), drinking (unit/wk), PRL, and estradiol. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, treatment duration, PANSS-negative score, BMI, and PRL were significantly associated with decreased BMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of BMD loss was higher in Chinese postmenopausal women with schizophrenia compared to the normal BMD group. A combination of demographic and clinical factors play important roles in determining decreased BMD, including older age, longer treatment duration, more PANSS-negative scores, higher BMI, and higher PRL level.
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Changping District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing-bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Changping District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Changping District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Changping District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chun-gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Changping District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Changping District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D000068476:Beijing; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D013972:Thyrotropin
keywords: bone density; risk factors; schizophrenia