title: Comparison of alternative flue gas dry treatment technologies in waste-to-energy processes.
abstract: Acid gases such as HCl and SO2 are harmful both for human health and ecosystem integrity, hence their removal is a key step of the flue gas treatment of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants. Methods based on the injection of dry sorbents are among the Best Available Techniques for acid gas removal. In particular, systems based on double reaction and filtration stages represent nowadays an effective technology for emission control. The aim of the present study is the simulation of a reference two-stage (2S) dry treatment system performance and its comparison to three benchmarking alternatives based on single stage sodium bicarbonate injection. A modelling procedure was applied in order to identify the optimal operating configuration of the 2S system for different reference waste compositions, and to determine the total annual cost of operation. Taking into account both operating and capital costs, the 2S system appears the most cost-effective solution for medium to high chlorine content wastes. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the robustness of the results.
authors.affiliation: LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dal Pozzo
authors.affiliation: LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonioni
authors.affiliation: LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.affiliation: LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stramigioli
authors.affiliation: LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: valerio.cozzani@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cozzani
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005374:Filtration; D017745:Incineration / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate
keywords: Acid gas removal; Economic analysis; Flue gas treatment; Process modelling; Waste incineration