title: An innovative approach to investigate the dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid in the prepontine cistern: A feasibility study using spatial saturation-prepared cine PC-MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate measurements of the cerebrospinal fluid that flows through the prepontine cistern (PPC) are challenging due to artefacts originating from basilar artery blood flow. We aim to accurately quantify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and stroke volume in the PPC, which is essential before endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a new PC-MRI sequence prepared with Hadamard saturation bands to accurately quantify CSF flow in the PPC by suppressing the blood signal in the surrounding vessels. In total, 28 adult hydrocephalic patients (age 59 ± 20 years) were scanned using conventional PC-MRI and our developed sequence. CSF was separately extracted from the PPC and the foramen of Magendie, and flow (min and max) and stroke volume were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our modifications result in a complete deletion of signal from flowing blood, resulting in significantly reduced CSF stroke volume (Conv = 446 ± 113 mm(3), Dev = 390 ± 119 mm(3), p = 0.006) and flow, both minimum (Conv = -1630 ± 486 mm(3)/s, Dev = -1430 ± 406 mm(3)/s, p = 0.005) and maximum (Conv = 2384 ± 657 mm(3)/s, Dev = 1971 ± 62 mm(3)/s, p = 0.002) compared with the conventional sequence, whereas no change in the area of interest was noted (Conv = 236 ± 65 mm(2), Dev = 249 ± 75 mm(2), p = 0.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate and reproducible CSF flow and stroke volume measurements in the PPC can be achieved with sat-band prepared cine PC-MRI.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rüegger
authors.affiliation: MRI Research Center, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Malek I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Makki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gondry-Jouet
authors.affiliation: Image Processing Unit, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baledent
keywords: Aliasing; CSF; Foramen of Magendie; PC-MRI; Prepontine cistern; Spatial saturation