title: CRYOPRESERVATION OF GOLDFISH (Carassius auratus) SPERMATOZOA: EFFECTS OF EXTENDER SUPPLEMENTED WITH TAURINE ON SPERM MOTILITY AND DNA DAMAGE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amino acids, present in seminal plasma at high concentration, protect spermatozoa against cell damage during cryopreservation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Experiments were designed to analyze the effect of semen extender supplemented with taurine on post-thawed sperm motility and duration, as well as DNA damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extenders were supplemented with 1, 2 or 4 mM taurine. Semen samples were diluted at the ratio of 1:9 with the extenders. Diluted samples were aspirated into 0.25 ml French straws and 0.1 ml pellets. DNA damage was assessed with the comet assay after cryopreservation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage and duration of sperm motility were significantly increased by taurine. Additionally, sperm motility and the motility period in pellets were higher than in straws. The best concentration of taurine was 4 mM, and the highest post-thaw motility rate (72.50 ± 3.54 %) and duration (17.50 ± 0.71 s) were obtained from the extender with 4 mM in pellets. DNA damage was decreased after taurine supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pellets could be used for goldfish sperm cryopreservation. The addition of 4 mM taurine increases the post-thaw motility and decreases DNA damage on goldfish semen.
authors.affiliation: Tunceli University, Fisheries Faculty, Tunceli, Turkey. filizkutluyer@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kutluyer
authors.affiliation: Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mugla, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Öğretmen
authors.affiliation: Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mugla, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burak Evren
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Inanan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D006054:Goldfish / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D013654:Taurine