title: SOX10 Distinguishes Pilocytic and Pilomyxoid Astrocytomas From Ependymomas but Shows No Differences in Expression Level in Ependymomas From Infants Versus Older Children or Among Molecular Subgroups.
abstract: SOX10 is important in nonneoplastic oligodendroglial development, but mRNA transcripts and protein expression are identified in a wider variety of CNS glial neoplasms than oligodendrogliomas. We previously demonstrated high levels of SOX10 mRNA and protein in pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) but not ependymomas (EPNs). We now extend these studies to investigate subsets of these 2 tumors that affect infants, pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMAs) and infant (<1 year) ependymomas (iEPNs). By gene expression microarray analysis, we found that iEPNs and all EPNs in older children showed very low SOX10 expression levels, on average 7.1-fold below normal control tissues. EPN groups showed no significant difference in SOX10 expression between iEPN and EPN. PAs/PMAs had 24.1/29.4-fold higher transcript levels, respectively, than those in normal tissues. Using immunohistochemical analysis of adult, pediatric, and infantile EPNs and of PAs/PMAs, we found that EPNs from multiple anatomical locations and both age groups (n = 228) never showed 3+ diffuse nuclear immunostaining for SOX10; the majority were scored at 0 or 1+. Conversely, almost all pediatric and adult PAs and PMAs (n = 47) were scored as 3+. These results suggest that in select settings, SOX10 immunohistochemistry can supplement the diagnosis of PMA and PA and aid in distinguishing them from EPNs.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology (BKKD, AMR); Department of Neurology (BKKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (BKKD), Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado (AMD, NKF), Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (MP, TT), San Francisco, California. bk.demasters@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology (BKKD, AMR); Department of Neurology (BKKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (BKKD), Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado (AMD, NKF), Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (MP, TT), San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Donson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology (BKKD, AMR); Department of Neurology (BKKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (BKKD), Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado (AMD, NKF), Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (MP, TT), San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Abby M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology (BKKD, AMR); Department of Neurology (BKKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (BKKD), Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado (AMD, NKF), Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (MP, TT), San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Melike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pekmezci
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology (BKKD, AMR); Department of Neurology (BKKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (BKKD), Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado (AMD, NKF), Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (MP, TT), San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tihan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology (BKKD, AMR); Department of Neurology (BKKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (BKKD), Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neuro-Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado (AMD, NKF), Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (MP, TT), San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Nicholas K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Foreman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C527923:SOX10 protein, human; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors
keywords: Developmental; Gene expression microarray; Infant ependymoma; Myxopapillary ependymoma; Pilocytic astrocytoma; Pilomyxoid astrocytoma; SOX10.