title: Transglutaminase-induced gelation properties of soy protein isolate and wheat gluten mixtures with high intensity ultrasonic pretreatment.
abstract: Soy protein isolate (SPI) and wheat gluten (WG) are widely used in commercial food applications in Asia for their nutritional value and functional properties. However, individually each exhibits poor gelation. In this study, we examined the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase)-induced gelation properties of SPI and WG mixtures with high intensity ultrasonic pretreatment. Ultrasonic treatment reduced the particle size of SPI/WG molecules, which led to improvements in surface hydrophobicity (Ho) and free sulfhydryl (SH) group content. However, MTGase crosslinking facilitated the formation of disulfide bonds, markedly decreasing the content of free SH groups. Ultrasonic treatment improved the gel strength, water holding capacity, and storage modulus and resulted in denser and more homogeneous networks of MTGase-induced SPI/WG gels. In addition, ultrasonic treatment changed the secondary structure of the gel samples as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, with a reduction in α-helices and β-turns and an increase in β-sheets and random coils. Thus, ultrasound is useful in facilitating the gelation properties of MTGase-induced SPI/WG gels and might expand their utilization in the food protein gelation industry.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
authors.forename: Shui-Zhong
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Tong
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. Electronic address: zhaoyanyan@hfut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. Electronic address: zhengzhi@hfut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D005782:Gels; D005983:Glutens / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D005983:Glutens; D011503:Transglutaminases
keywords: Gel properties; High intensity ultrasound; Microbial transglutaminase; Soy protein isolate; Wheat gluten