title: A primary estimate of global PCDD/F release based on the quantity and quality of national economic and social activities.
abstract: The correlations between polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) releases and factors relevant to human social-economic activities (HSEAs) were analyzed. The multiple linear regression model was successfully developed to estimate the total global PCDD/F release. The PCDD/F releases significantly correlated with population, area, GDP and GNI, suggesting that "quantity" of HSEAs have significantly contributed to the PCDD/F releases. On another aspect, advanced technologies are usually adopted in developed countries/regions, and hence reduce the PCDD/F release. The significant correlation between PCDD/F release and CO2 emission implies the potential of simultaneous reduction of CO2 emission and PCDD/F release. The total global PCDD/F release from 196 countries/regions was estimated to be 100.4 kg-TEQ yr(-1). The estimated annual PCDD/F release per unit area ranged from 0.007 to 28 mg-TEQ km(-2). Asia is estimated to have the highest PCDD/F release of 47.1 kg-TEQ yr(-1), almost half of the total world release. Oceania is estimated to have the smallest total release but the largest per-capita release. For the developed areas, such as Europe and North America, the PCDD/F release per unit GDP is lower, while for Africa, it is much higher.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Electronic address: thuwb@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM Research Centre), Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Heidelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Shubo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yujue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D001208:Asia; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000191:economics*; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005060:Europe; D006802:Human Activities / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009656:North America; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
keywords: Human activity; Inventory; PCDD/F; Principal component analysis