title: A prospective study analyzing the application of radiofrequency energy and high-voltage, ultrashort pulse duration electrical fields on the quantitative reduction of adipose tissue.
abstract: Noninvasive fat reduction is claimed by many device manufacturers, but proof of efficacy has been difficult to establish. This prospective study was designed to measure the reduction of fat thickness and actual volume reduction in 20 female patients treated with an external radiofrequency (RF) device. This device combines RF heat, suction coupled vacuum, and oscillating electrical pulses that induce adipocyte death over time. Patients underwent pre- and post-treatment and intercurrent measurements of weight, body mass index, ultrasonic transcutaneous fat thickness, and 2D and 3D Vectra photography with independent calculation of circumferential and volumetric change. Mean transcutaneous ultrasound thickness at reproducible points was 2.78 cm; at 1-month post-treatment, the mean fat thickness was 1.71 cm. At 3-month post-treatment, the mean fat thickness reduction was 39.6%. Vectra circumference measurements were taken at 10-mm intervals, with postural and breathing cycle control. Independent analysis of serial measurements from + 60 to - 70 mm showed mean abdominal circumference measurement of 2.3 cm. Mean abdominal volume loss was 202.4 and 428.5 cc at 1- and 3-month post-treatment, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that permanent cell destruction was caused by irreversible electroporation. Pyroptosis appears to be the mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: a Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgical Associates of Fort Collins , P.C., Fort Collins , CO , USA.
authors.forename: Diane Irvine
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Theresa H M
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgical Associates of Fort Collins , P.C., Fort Collins , CO , USA.
authors.forename: Robbin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Temaat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011846:Radio Waves; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal; D013396:Suction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D014618:Vacuum
keywords: Permanent fat reduction; adipocyte apoptosis; noninvasive body contouring; pyroptosis; radiofrequency electroporation; skin tightening