title: Oligoesculin fraction induces anti-tumor effects and promotes immune responses on B16-F10 mice melanoma.
abstract: Laccase was used to enzymatically polymerize esculin. Oligoesculin fraction was obtained after ultrafiltration through a 5-kDa membrane. Several studies have been carried out to prove the effectiveness of natural substances such as immunomodulators to promote the anti-cancer activity in situ. The purpose of our report was to explore whether the anti-tumor potential of the oligoesculin fraction in vitro and in vivo is linked to its immunological mechanisms in melanoma-bearing mice. We revealed that oligoesculin fraction reduced B16-F10 proliferation and migration in vitro in a dose-related manner. Moreover, melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were inhibited in these melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent way. The anti-tumor potential of oligoesculin fraction was also assessed in vivo. Our results showed that intraperitoneal administration of oligoesculin fraction, at 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 21 days, reduced tumor size and weight with percentages of inhibition of 94 and 87 %, respectively. Oligoesculin fraction was effective in promoting lysosomal activity and nitric oxide (NO) production by peritoneal macrophages in tumor-implanted mice. In addition, the activities of natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and macrophages were significantly enhanced by oligoesculin fraction. These findings suggested that this polymer with its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties could be used for the treatment of melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.|Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Imen
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mokdad Bzeouich
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.|Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mustapha
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.|Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Aicha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghedira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering, National School of Agronomy and Food Industries, National Polytechnics Institute of Lorraine ENSAIA-INPL, 54505, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghoul
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering, National School of Agronomy and Food Industries, National Polytechnics Institute of Lorraine ENSAIA-INPL, 54505, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chebil
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 911-CRO2, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia. leila.chekir@laposte.net.|Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia. leila.chekir@laposte.net.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chekir-Ghedira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004929:Esculin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D004929:Esculin
keywords: Anti-tumor activity; Immunomodulatory effect; Melanoma; Migration; Oligoesculin fraction