title: Toward the design of high voltage magnesium-lithium hybrid batteries using dual-salt electrolytes.
abstract: We report a design of high voltage magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) hybrid batteries through rational control of the electrolyte chemistry, electrode materials and cell architecture. Prototype devices with a structure of Mg-Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) and Mg-Li/LiMn2O4 (LMO) have been investigated. A Mg-Li/LFP cell using a dual-salt electrolyte 0.2 M [Mg2Cl2(DME)4][AlCl4]2 and 1.0 M LiTFSI exhibits voltages higher than 2.5 V (vs. Mg) and a high specific energy density of 246 W h kg(-1) under conditions that are amenable for practical applications. The successful demonstrations reported here could be a significant step forward for practical hybrid batteries.
authors.affiliation: Energy Processes and Materials Division, Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA. jun.liu@pnnl.gov guosheng.li@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Yingwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Energy Processes and Materials Division, Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA. jun.liu@pnnl.gov guosheng.li@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Daiwon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Kee Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
authors.forename: Karl T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Energy Processes and Materials Division, Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA. jun.liu@pnnl.gov guosheng.li@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Ji-Guang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Energy Processes and Materials Division, Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA. jun.liu@pnnl.gov guosheng.li@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Vincent L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Sprenkle
authors.affiliation: Energy Processes and Materials Division, Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA. jun.liu@pnnl.gov guosheng.li@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Energy Processes and Materials Division, Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA. jun.liu@pnnl.gov guosheng.li@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li