title: Lipopolysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis in Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: This review covers the current knowledge and gaps in Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and biosynthesis. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which colonizes the luminal surface of the human gastric epithelium. Both a constitutive alteration of the lipid A preventing TLR4 elicitation and host mimicry of the Lewis antigen decorated O-antigen of H. pylori LPS promote immune escape and chronic infection. To date, the complete structure of H. pylori LPS is not available, and the proposed model is a linear arrangement composed of the inner core defined as the hexa-saccharide (Kdo-LD-Hep-LD-Hep-DD-Hep-Gal-Glc), the outer core composed of a conserved trisaccharide (-GlcNAc-Fuc-DD-Hep-) linked to the third heptose of the inner core, the glucan, the heptan and a variable O-antigen, generally consisting of a poly-LacNAc decorated with Lewis antigens. Although the glycosyltransferases (GTs) responsible for the biosynthesis of the H. pylori O-antigen chains have been identified and characterized, there are many gaps in regard to the biosynthesis of the core LPS. These limitations warrant additional mutagenesis and structural studies to obtain the complete LPS structure and corresponding biosynthetic pathway of this important gastric bacterium.
authors.affiliation: West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.|Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.|School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Debowski
authors.affiliation: West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Ondek Pty Ltd., School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Hans-Olof
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.affiliation: Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.|Swiss Vitamin Institute, Route de la Corniche 1, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benghezal
mesh_terms: D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C442865:lipopolysaccharide, Helicobacter pylori; D016695:Glycosyltransferases
keywords: 
  Helicobacter pylori
  ; biosynthesis; lipopolysaccharide; structure