title: Altered Sleep Spindles in Delayed Encephalopathy after Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.
abstract: Delayed encephalopathy (DE) affects not only the cerebral white matter and globus pallidus but also the cortex and thalamus. However, it remains unknown whether these brain lesions alter sleep along with clinical manifestations of DE. A 46-year-old man with DE underwent repetitive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The patient was evaluated by not only neuropsychological and neuroimaging testing but polysomnography over the clinical course. Neurological symptoms improved markedly; however, profound frontal cognitive deficits continued. The polysomnography revealed prolonged absence and delayed recovery of sleep spindles across recordings. Alterations in spindle oscillations in DE could provide further insight into sleep regulatory networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiike
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagishita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nariai
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013995:Time
keywords: carbon monoxide; delayed encephalopathy; polysomnography; sleep spindle; thalamocortical networks