title: Factors associated with burnout among residents in a developing country.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent literature has focused on burnout as a specific job related distress syndrome among physicians and residents having adverse effects on patient care. Local data on burnout is lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online self-administered questionnaire was sent via email to all residents (325) at our institute with and a response rate of 110 (34%) was achieved. Out of these 82 residents consented and completely filled the questionnaires and were included in the analysis. The questionnaire comprised of demographic variables, the Maslach burnout inventory and occupational risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of burnout on at least one subscale were reported by 61(74.4%) residents, in 2 components by 34(41.5%) whereas an alarming 10(12.2%) residents scored high on all three subscales. Among the individual subscales emotional exhaustion was most frequent in 49(59.8%). Among the departments Radiology reported the highest levels (100%) of burnout and low levels were reported by Pediatrics (45%). There was no difference between burnout levels among junior and senior residents. Dissatisfaction with workload, length of work hours, relationship with co-workers and lack of autonomy were significantly associated with high level of burnout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of burnout are prevalent among trainee doctors in our part of the world which are comparable with international literature. Efforts to improve the work environment of residents may significantly reduce levels of burnout.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 3500 Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Akbar Jaleel
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zubairi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 3500 Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noordin
keywords: Burnout; Depersonalization; Emotional exhaustion; Residents; Workload