title: Ultrasonic dyeing of cellulose nanofibers.
abstract: Textile dyeing assisted by ultrasonic energy has attained a greater interest in recent years. We report ultrasonic dyeing of nanofibers for the very first time. We chose cellulose nanofibers and dyed with two reactive dyes, CI reactive black 5 and CI reactive red 195. The cellulose nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) followed by deacetylation. The FTIR results confirmed complete conversion of CA into cellulose nanofibers. Dyeing parameters optimized were dyeing temperature, dyeing time and dye concentrations for each class of the dye used. Results revealed that the ultrasonic dyeing produced higher color yield (K/S values) than the conventional dyeing. The color fastness test results depicted good dye fixation. SEM analysis evidenced that ultrasonic energy during dyeing do not affect surface morphology of nanofibers. The results conclude successful dyeing of cellulose nanofibers using ultrasonic energy with better color yield and color fastness results than conventional dyeing.
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterial Research Group, Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muzamil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterial Research Group, Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterial Research Group, Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan; Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Abdul Wahab
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Jatoi
authors.affiliation: US-PCASW at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rasool Bux
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mahar
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterial Research Group, Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan; Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan. Electronic address: zeeshan.khatri@faculty.muet.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.affiliation: Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan. Electronic address: kim@shinshu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ick Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057139:Nanofibers; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Cellulose nanofibers; Color yield; Electrospinning; Reactive dyeing; Ultrasonic dyeing