title: In vitro fertilization outcomes after fresh and frozen blastocyst transfer in South Asian compared with Caucasian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study pregnancy outcomes between South Asian and Caucasian women undergoing frozen blastocyst transfer cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caucasian and South Asian patients undergoing frozen blastocyst transfer between January 2011 and December 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Live birth rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 196 Caucasian and 117 South Asian women were included in our study. Indians were on average 2.2 years younger than Caucasian women (34.9 vs. 37.1 years), and were more likely to be nulliparous (59% vs. 43%). All other baseline characteristics were similar. In women undergoing their first frozen ET cycle, implantation rate (49% vs. 47%), clinical pregnancy rate (PR; 54% vs. 49%), and live birth rate (43% vs. 43%) were similar between South Asians and Caucasians, respectively. In patients who underwent a prior fresh blastocyst transfer, the live birth rate was significantly lower in South Asian versus Caucasian women (21% vs. 37%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that IVF outcomes are better in frozen versus fresh cycles among South Asian women. The IVF clinics may wish to consider these findings when counseling South Asian patients about the timing of ET.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Fertility Center, Palo Alto, California. Electronic address: shahm@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Meera Sridhar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caballes
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Fertility Center, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Ruth Bunker
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Fertility Center, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Valerie Lynn
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Fertility Center, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Lynn Marie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Fertility Center, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Amin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Milki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*
keywords: Ethnicity; IVF; disparity; frozen embryo transfer