title: Molecular detection of bovine Noroviruses in Argentinean dairy calves: Circulation of a tentative new genotype.
abstract: Bovine noroviruses are enteric pathogens detected in fecal samples of both diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves from several countries worldwide. However, epidemiological information regarding bovine noroviruses is still lacking for many important cattle producing countries from South America. In this study, three bovine norovirus genogroup III sequences were determined by conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing in feces from diarrheic dairy calves from Argentina (B4836, B4848, and B4881, all collected in 2012). Phylogenetic studies based on a partial coding region for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, 503 nucleotides) of these three samples suggested that two of them (B4836 and B4881) belong to genotype 2 (GIII.2) while the third one (B4848) was more closely related to genotype 1 (GIII.1) strains. By deep sequencing, the capsid region from two of these strains could be determined. This confirmed the circulation of genotype 1 (B4848) together with the presence of another sequence (B4881) sharing its highest genetic relatedness with genotype 1, but sufficiently distant to constitute a new genotype. This latter strain was shown in silico to be a recombinant: phylogenetic divergence was detected between its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding sequence (genotype GIII.2) and its capsid protein coding sequence (genotype GIII.1 or a potential norovirus genotype). According to this data, this strain could be the second genotype GIII.2_GIII.1 bovine norovirus recombinant described in literature worldwide. Further analysis suggested that this strain could even be a potential norovirus GIII genotype, tentatively named GIII.4. The data provides important epidemiological and evolutionary information on bovine noroviruses circulating in South America.
authors.affiliation: Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferragut
authors.affiliation: Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Celina G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mauroy
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nádia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Conceição-Neto
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heylen
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Section, Animal Production Area, EEA INTA Balcarce, Balcarce CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Enrique Louge
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Uriarte
authors.affiliation: Veterinary College, UNCPBA, Tandil CP 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bilbao
authors.affiliation: Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthijnssens
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thiry
authors.affiliation: Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badaracco
authors.affiliation: Enteric Viruses Section, Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agronomic Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar CC25 (CP 1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: parreno.viviana@inta.gob.ar.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parreño
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
keywords: Argentina; Bovine; Diarrhea; Genotype; Norovirus; Recombination