title: Flavonoid intake and incident hypertension in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intake of flavonoid-containing food has been shown to have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in short-term randomized trials. There are limited data on total flavonoid and flavonoid-subclass consumption over a long period of time and the corresponding incidence of hypertension.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the relation between flavonoid subclasses and total flavonoid intakes and incidence of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort of 40,574 disease-free French women who responded to a validated dietary questionnaire, we observed 9350 incident cases of hypertension between 1993 and 2008. Cases were identified through self-reports of diagnosed or treated hypertension. Multivariate Cox regression models were adjusted for age, family history of hypertension, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hormone therapy, and alcohol, caffeine, magnesium, potassium, omega-3 (n-3), and processed meat intakes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the highest quintile of flavonol intake had a 10% lower rate of hypertension than women in the lowest quintile (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97;P-trend = 0.031). Similarly, there was a 9% lower rate for women in the highest category of intake than for women in the lowest category of intake for both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin polymers [HRs: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.97;P-trend = 0.0075) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.97;P-trend = 0.0051), respectively]. An inverse association for total flavonoid intake was observed with a similar magnitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large prospective cohort of French middle-aged women, participants with greater flavonol, anthocyanin, and polymeric flavonoid intakes and greater total flavonoid intake were less likely to develop hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018 Research Unit, Villejuif, France; Paris-South University, Villejuif, France; and.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lajous
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018 Research Unit, Villejuif, France; Paris-South University, Villejuif, France; and.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018 Research Unit, Villejuif, France; Paris-South University, Villejuif, France; and.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fagherazzi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018 Research Unit, Villejuif, France; Paris-South University, Villejuif, France; and.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perquier
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Augustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scalbert
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018 Research Unit, Villejuif, France; Paris-South University, Villejuif, France; and.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018 Research Unit, Villejuif, France; Paris-South University, Villejuif, France; and marie-christine.boutron@gustaveroussy.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids
keywords: cohort; diet; flavonoids; hypertension; prospective