title: Spinal Inhibitory Interneuron Diversity Delineates Variant Motor Microcircuits.
abstract: Animals generate movement by engaging spinal circuits that direct precise sequences of muscle contraction, but the identity and organizational logic of local interneurons that lie at the core of these circuits remain unresolved. Here, we show that V1 interneurons, a major inhibitory population that controls motor output, fractionate into highly diverse subsets on the basis of the expression of 19 transcription factors. Transcriptionally defined V1 subsets exhibit distinct physiological signatures and highly structured spatial distributions with mediolateral and dorsoventral positional biases. These positional distinctions constrain patterns of input from sensory and motor neurons and, as such, suggest that interneuron position is a determinant of microcircuit organization. Moreover, V1 diversity indicates that different inhibitory microcircuits exist for motor pools controlling hip, ankle, and foot muscles, revealing a variable circuit architecture for interneurons that control limb movement.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: jb3098@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Jay B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bikoff
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Mariano I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gabitto
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30319, USA.
authors.forename: Andre F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Rivard
authors.affiliation: Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drobac
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miri
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brenner-Morton
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Famojure
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30319, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: George Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Mentis
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: tmj1@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jessell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009068:Movement; D011434:Proprioception; D066293:Renshaw Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors