title: Evaluation of simple diffusion chlorinators for decontamination of wells in a rural settlement in Amazonia, Brazil.
abstract: While the Amazon region has the world's largest reserve of fresh water, the lack of water services and water treatment, especially in non-urban regions, causes environmental and health problems. In isolated rural settlements supply is usually by shallow wells, and the quality of water is a concern for residents. These are situations where there are restricted options for water treatment. This study aimed to assess the use of simplified diffusion chlorinators as an alternative water treatment method. Bacteriological analyses were made of 100 samples of water from the wells, before and after application of the chlorinators, in the Rural Settlement of Rio Pardo, Presidente Figueiredo in the Brazilian State of Amazonas. The sources that were analyzed were considered inappropriate for consumption without prior treatment, and the use of the chlorinators eliminated all contamination by thermotolerant coliforms in the great majority of cases. Also, the method was well received by residents, because it does not leave a taste in the water, is relatively low-cost and handling is easy. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the use of this method of treatment for this social-environmental context and present suggestions for improvement and adaptation, for application of this methodology in other settlements.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil, dbuss@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Danielle Costa
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil, dbuss@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Sergio Luiz Bessa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daniel Forsin
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Buss
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003666:Decontamination; D006801:Humans; D012424:Rural Population; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply