title: Impact of maternal prenatal and parental postnatal stress on 1-year-old child development: results from the OTIS antidepressants in pregnancy study.
abstract: Perinatal psychological stress has been associated with unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of perinatal stress on infant development at 1 year of age. We recruited pregnant women calling North American Teratogen Information Services or attending outpatient clinics at CHU Sainte Justine (Montreal) between 2008 and 2010 and their spouses. To be part of our study, women had to be (1) >18 years of age, (2) <15 weeks of gestational age at recruitment, (3) living within 250-km radius of Montreal, and (4) taking antidepressants or non-teratogenic drugs. Stress was assessed using the telephone-administered four-item perceived stress scale during pregnancy in mothers and at 2 months postpartum in both parents. Child development at 1 year of age was evaluated with the Bayley III scales. Socio-demographic and potential confounders were collected through telephone interviews. Multivariable linear regression models were built to assess the association between perinatal parental stress and child development. Overall, 71 couples and their infants were included. When adjusted for potential confounders, maternal prenatal stress was positively associated with motor development (adjusted β = 1.85, CI 95 % (0.01, 3.70)). Postpartum maternal and paternal stresses were negatively associated with motor and socio-emotional development, respectively (adjusted β = -1.54, CI 95 % (-3.07, -0.01) and adjusted β = -1.67, CI 95 % (-3.25, -0.10), respectively). Maternal and paternal postnatal stress seems to be harmful for the motor and socio-emotional development in 1-year-old children. No association was demonstrated between parental stress and cognitive, language, and adaptive behavioral development. However, prenatal maternal stress appears to improve motor skills.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Research Center, CHU Sainte Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Fatiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.affiliation: Research Center, CHU Sainte Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sheehy
authors.affiliation: Research Center, CHU Sainte Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Huneau
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Research Center, CHU Sainte Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: California Teratogen Information Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Centre IMAGe-Department of Pharmacy, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Sara H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Riordan
authors.affiliation: Pregnancy Risk Network-NYS Teratogen Information Service, Binghamton, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St-André
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Pregnancy Exposure Information Service, Division of Human Genetics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon Voyer
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.affiliation: Texas Teratogen Information Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. anick.berard@umontreal.ca.|Research Center, CHU Sainte Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5. anick.berard@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Anick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bérard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Antidepressant; Child development; Depression; Maternal stress; Paternal stress