title: Validity of a food frequency questionnaire in a population with high alcohol consumption in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol consumption has a relatively large impact on energy intake in drinkers, and several studies reported different dietary habits from non-drinkers. However, few studies have investigated the influence of alcohol consumption on the validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). To investigate its influence, we conducted a validity test in a population with high alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were 66 residents living on an island in the south-western part of Japan. We conducted the FFQ and 12-day-weighed dietary records (12d-WDRs) in each 3 day of each 4 season. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients (CCs) and agreement rates according to quartile classification after adjusting for energy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intake energy (kcal) estimated from 12d-WDRs and FFQ was 1,641 and 1,534 in women, and 2,093 and 1,979 in men, respectively. The cumulative percentage contribution of the alcohol energy was 6.7% in men. De-attenuated, log-transformed Pearson's median CCs between the nutrients quantified with the 12d-WDRs and FFQ were 0.51 in women and 0.38 in men. The CCs for carbohydrate and saturated fatty acids intake of men were lower than those in the previous Tokai study using the same FFQ. The findings in agreement rates were consistent with the Tokai study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that the FFQ can be used for epidemiological studies using categorical comparisons in this population, although the underestimation of carbohydrates and other nutrients in the FFQ should be taken into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko Tsunematsu
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nakahata
authors.affiliation: Misato Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko Nakamura
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nagoya Women's University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Nahomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyo Hirasada
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.affiliation: Yonemori Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. Email: takezaki@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takezaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids