title: Distinctive Pattern of Serum Elements During the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Element profiling is an interesting approach for understanding neurodegenerative processes, considering that compelling evidences show that element toxicity might play a crucial role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aim of this study was to profile 22 serum elements in subjects with or at risk of AD. Thirtyfour patients with probable AD, 20 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 24 with subjective memory complaint (SMC) and 40 healthy subjects (HS) were included in the study. Manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, thallium, antimony, mercury, vanadium and molybdenum changed significantly among the 4 groups. Several essential elements, such as manganese, selenium, zinc and iron tended to increase in SMC and then progressively to decrease in MCI and AD. Toxic elements show a variable behavior, since some elements tended to increase, while others tended to decrease in AD. A multivariate model, built using a panel of six essential elements (manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium and calcium) and their ratios, discriminated AD patients from HS with over 90% accuracy. These findings suggest that essential and toxic elements contribute to generate a distinctive signature during the progression of AD, and their monitoring in elderly might help to detect preclinical stages of AD.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.|Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paglia
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Oto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miedico
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cristofano
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angiolillo
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio Eugenio
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Chiaravalle
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corso
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Costanzo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D004602:Elements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004602:Elements