title: Application of pH-zone refining hydrostatic countercurrent chromatography (hCCC) for the recovery of antioxidant phenolics and the isolation of alkaloids from Siberian barberry herb.
abstract: The development of a fast hCCC method tailored to recover phenolics of Siberian barberry (Berberis sibirica, Berberidaceae) responsible for the observed strong antioxidant activity was performed. Initially, the optimization of extraction procedure was evaluated based on the antiradical potential assessment (DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu assays). 100 °C methanol ASE extract exhibited the highest antiradical activity (IC50=60 ± 4 μg/mL), and a significant TPC (159 ± 2 mgGAE/g). Thorough determination of phenolic content by UHPLC-DAD-ESI(-)HRMS revealed the presence of 10 phenolics as major constituents, and several groups of alkaloids. pH-zone refining hCCC was chosen as the most promising method for the extract's fractionation due to the ionizable character of its constituents. For this purpose a MtBE-H2O (1:1) system with 10mM TEA and HCl was applied leading to a phenolic fraction, free of alkaloids, with higher antioxidant capacity (IC50=25 μg/mL, TPC=178 mg GAE/g). Additionally, fractionation of alkaloids was achieved resulting isolation of pharmacologically important alkaloids: magnoflorine and berberine.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: virginia.kukula@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wirginia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kukula-Koch
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: kochw@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: aangjel@pharm.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Apostolis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angelis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: mariahal@pharm.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halabalaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: aligiannis@pharm.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aligiannis
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001060:Aporphines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001599:Berberine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D028142:Berberis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000432:Methanol; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000975:Antioxidants; D001060:Aporphines; D010636:Phenols; D001599:Berberine; C001670:magnoflorine; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443); Berberidaceae; Berberine (PubChem CID: 2353); Berberis sibirica; Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043); Centrifugal partition chromatography; Chlorogenic acid (PubChem CID: 1794427); Ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858); Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Luteolin (PubChem CID: 5280637); Magnoflorine (PubChem CID: 73337); Orbitral trap; Proocatechuic acid (PubChem CID: 8468); Sinapinic acid (PubChem CID: 637775); Syringic acid (PubChem CID: 10742); UHPLC–DAD-ESI-HRMS; p-Coumaric acid (PubChem CID: 637542); pH-zone refining hydrostatic counter current chromatography