title: Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on mortality in people with haemorrhagic stroke: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Socioeconomic deprivation (SED) has an effect on many health outcomes, including ischaemic stroke; however, its impact on mortality after haemorrhagic stroke remains unclear, particularly in the long run. We examined this association in a multiethnic population in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined data from 782 patients with first-ever haemorrhagic stroke, collected by the South London Stroke Register from 1995 to 2011. SED was defined as the quartile with the highest Carstairs scores, and was analysed in relation to mortality after stroke in a multivariate-adjusted Cox regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a follow-up of 17 years, 498 patients died. Compared with the first quartile of Carstairs score (the least deprived), the multivariate-adjusted HRs for 17-year mortality in patients in the second, third and fourth quartiles were 0.94 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.23), 1.17 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.52) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.78), overall p=0.04. The SED gradient association remained in patients with intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke, while in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhagic stroke the corresponding HRs were 2.62 (95% CI 1.22 to 5.64), 3.03 (95% CI 1.49 to 6.18) and 1.83 (95% CI 0.87 to 3.83), respectively. Results of 10-year mortality showed similar patterns, although the association of deprivation with 1-year mortality was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant impact of SED on long-term mortality after haemorrhagic stroke. The reasons for this survival inequality must be explored to reduce mortality in patients with haemorrhagic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: Division of Health and Social Care, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ruoling
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011203:Poverty; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012923:Social Class; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult