title: Impact of alcohol consumption on clinical aspects of gambling disorder.
abstract: Similarities between gambling disorder and substance use disorders have been extensively described. To date, however, few studies using large clinical samples have been carried out that reliably assess the relationship between different levels of alcohol consumption and gambling disorders. The present study aimed to assess the impact of baseline alcohol consumption levels on the clinical profile in a large sample of treatment-seeking individuals. Nine hundred and fifty-one consecutive outpatients diagnosed with gambling disorder according to DSM-IV criteria were compared after being included in three alcohol consumption groups (low risk, abuse and risk of dependence) based on their total raw scores on the AUDIT questionnaire. Results showed a high prevalence of risk of alcohol dependence in GD patients who were immigrants, unemployed, and had a low level of education. A positive linear trend was also found between alcohol consumption level and the prevalence of other current and life-time comorbid mental disorders, and for the presence of drug abuse. Statistically significant differences were found between the three alcohol consumption groups in terms of the evolution and severity of the gambling disorder, self-directedness personality trait, and levels of general psychopathology, hostility and paranoid ideation. In conclusion, the results showed an association between increased alcohol consumption and greater dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, The Nursing School of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Pino-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.|Departament of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
authors.affiliation: CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salomé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tárrega
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdepérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Agüera
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Håkansson
authors.affiliation: Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauvaget
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aymamí
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moragas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baño
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, The Nursing School of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honrubia
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.|Departament of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.|Departament of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Murcia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D002605:Character; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011599:Psychopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: addictive behavior; alcohol consumption; at-risk drinking; gambling disorder; personality