title: Impact of health and nutrition risks perception on the interest in pro-healthy food on the example of bread.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bread is a basic food product in the diet of a majority of people. It is a good source of energy and it is also abundant in carbohydrates. Simultaneously, because it is consumed on a large scale by Polish people, it provides large amounts of salt and some additives like preservative and raising agents. The perception of the risk influences the choice of food and impacts eating behaviors. However, it is still unknown if there is an impact of perceived risk on the choice and the consumption of bread.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the research was to assess the importance of perceived health and nutrition risk in conditioning the willingness to buy bread with decreased amounts of salt and bread without preservative and raising agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Empirical research was conducted in October 2014 in a group of 1.014 adult consumers, with the use of the method of interview. The questions covered the following issues: the frequency of white and wholemeal bread consumption, the willingness to consume bread with reduced salt content and one produced without the preservatives and raising agents, the self-assessment of health and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. To evaluate the perceived health and nutrition risks modification of Health Concern Scale was used. Opinions on the tendency to purchase both kind of breads were compared taking into account socio-demographic characteristics, health risk, nutrition risk and frequency of eating white and wholemeal bread. To determine the differences ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the significance level of p<0.05 were used. The relations between variables were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a higher tendency to consume bread without preservatives and raising agents than with low salt content. Women, people over 55 years old, and people who often consume white bread were characterized by higher willingness to consume bread with reduced salt content. People with higher education, aged over 45 years, and those who rarely consumed wholemeal bread were more willing to eat bread without additives. The greater was the nutrition and health risk perceived by the person, the greater was the willingness to consume both types of bread.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of perceived risks in conditioning consumers' willingness to eat healthy food shows that the educational campaigns informing about risky behaviors may promote behavioral change towards a more favorable food choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeżewska-Zychowicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001939:Bread / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011044:Poland; D012307:Risk Factors