title: Ultrastructure of immature stages of the black dump fly: Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Muscidae: Azeliinae).
abstract: Ophyra aenescens (black dump fly) originally belonged to the New World, however, now it is spread worldwide. This fly is a mechanical vector of some pathogenic microorganisms and eggs of the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis). The adults are associated with decaying matter and the immature stages colonize animal and human corpses. It is considered an important muscid species for forensic entomology. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the eggs, the three larval instars and the puparia of O. aenescens using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The spiracular opening of the first instar has an interruption in the middle of its length. Comparing to the other instar, the ventral tubercles are only developed in the first instar. The anterior spiracles have a variation in the numbers of spiracular ramification. The puparia morphology is similar to the third instar larvae, however the cephalic region is retracted and on the third thoracic segment, a respiratory structure is present. In conclusion, the SEM technique used and the results obtained are helpful to describe and differentiate the immature stages of O. aenescens and consequently support forensic and medical entomology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense (LEMEF)-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: lucas.cortinhas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lucas Barbosa
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cortinhas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense (LEMEF)-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil; Pós-doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde-Pós-Doc Junior CNPq-IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paloma Martins
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Pós-doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde-Pós-Doc Junior CNPq-IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda-UNIFOA/RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Rocha
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense (LEMEF)-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil; Docente do Mestrado Profissional em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Severino Sombra-USS/RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margareth Maria de Carvalho
authors.initials: MMC
authors.lastname: Queiroz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002417:Cattle; D004772:Entomology; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011679:Pupa / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: Eggs; Forensic entomology; Larvae; Puparia; Scanning electron microscopy