title: The Impact of Middle Turbinate Concha Bullosa on the Severity of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy in Patients with a Deviated Nasal Septum.
abstract: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy and concha bullosa often occur opposite the direction of nasal septal deviation. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine whether a concha bullosa impacts inferior turbinate hypertrophy in patients who have nasal septal deviation.
  
  
  
  The electronic medical record was used to identify sinus CT scans exhibiting nasal septal deviation for 100 adult subjects without and 100 subjects with unilateral middle turbinate concha bullosa. Exclusion criteria included previous sinonasal surgery, tumor, sinusitis, septal perforation, and craniofacial trauma. Nasal septal deviation was characterized in the coronal plane by distance from the midline (severity) and height from the nasal floor. Measurement differences between sides for inferior turbinate width (overall and bone), medial mucosa, and distance to the lateral nasal wall were calculated as inferior turbinate hypertrophy indicators.
  
  
  
  The cohorts with and without concha bullosa were similarly matched for age, sex, and nasal septal deviation severity, though nasal septal deviation height was greater in the cohort with concha bullosa than in the cohort without concha bullosa (19.1 ± 4.3 mm versus 13.5 ± 4.1 mm, P < .001). Compensatory inferior turbinate hypertrophy was significantly greater in the cohort without concha bullosa than in the cohort with it as measured by side-to-side differences in turbinate overall width, bone width, and distance to the lateral nasal wall (P < .01), but not the medial mucosa. Multiple linear regression analyses found nasal septal deviation severity and height to be significant predictors of inferior turbinate hypertrophy with positive and negative relationships, respectively (P < .001).
  
  
  
  Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is directly proportional to nasal septal deviation severity and inversely proportional to nasal septal deviation height. The effect of a concha bullosa on inferior turbinate hypertrophy is primarily mediated through influence on septal morphology, because the nasal septal deviation apex tends to be positioned more superior from the nasal floor in these patients.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.M.T., J.M.H.).
authors.forename: C M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8297-3628
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tomblinson
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics (M.-R.C.).
authors.forename: M-R
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1425-5699
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology (D.L.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: D
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7593-2385
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.M.T., J.M.H.) hoxworth.joseph@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: J M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7179-5846
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoxworth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000473:pathology*; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects; D014420:Turbinates / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult