title: Developmental quotient to estimate intelligence in autism spectrum disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across contexts, and are associated with restricted patterns of behavior. The developmental quotient (DQ) is based on the developmental age and chronological age of children. This study investigated the utility of the DQ to estimate cognitive ability in young children with ASD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DQ and intelligence quotient (IQ) were assessed using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 (KSPD) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III), respectively. The correlation between the DQ and IQ was then analyzed among children with ASD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 18 children with ASD (16 boys, two girls; age, 63.6 ± 9.4 months; age range, 45-83 months). Overall, Cognitive-Adaptive and Language-Social DQ scores were significantly correlated with IQ score in the full scale, verbal, and performance domains. Full-scale IQ and overall DQ had a linear correlation (y = -22.747 + 1.177x, R2= 0.677, R = 0.823).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DQ scores obtained using the KSPD were a reasonable estimate of cognitive ability in children with ASD. The KSPD may be a useful alternative to the WISC-III for young children with ASD and could facilitate earlier assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan. kkawabe@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.|Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan. kkawabe@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.|Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.|Center for Sleep Medicine, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.|Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development; Wechsler scale; autism spectrum disorder; developmental quotient; mental retardation