title: Are obstetric complications related to adult schizophrenia? A case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early environmental events may be relevant to the etiology of schizophrenia. Among such events, interest has focused especially on obstetric complications (OCs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aims of the study were to compare the incidence of OCs in patients, siblings and normal controls and to examine the relationship between OCs and later schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirteen patients with schizophrenia were recruited, as were 140 patients' siblings and 113 controls without schizophrenia. The OCs history of patients, their sibs and controls was obtained through interviews with patients' and controls' mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results highlighted that more patients than sibs had at least one definite OC and a higher mean number of OCs; more patients had premature rupture of membranes, threatened abortion and a labor of more than 36 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide some evidence for a link between OCs and later schizophrenia. Furthermore, this study highlights how OCs, which may cause fetal distress through a hypoxic-ischemic mechanism, could increase the risk of schizophrenia interacting with genetic susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: 1Institute of Psychiatry, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.affiliation: 2Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.affiliation: 1Institute of Psychiatry, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balista
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarchiapone
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Clinical Research, Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCreadie