title: Cardiometabolic risk in young adults from northern Mexico: Revisiting body mass index and waist-circumference as predictors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m(2) and a waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm in women (WCF) or ≥90 cm in men (WCM) are reference cardiometabolic risk markers (CMM) for Mexicans adults. However, their reliability to predict other CMM (index tests) in young Mexicans has not been studied in depth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive study evaluating several anthropometric, physiological and biochemical CMM from 295 young Mexicans was performed. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and Youden's index (J) of reference BMI/WC cutoffs toward other CMM (n = 14) were obtained and their most reliable cutoffs were further calculated at Jmax.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence, incidence and magnitude of most CMM increased along the BMI range (p < 0.01). BMI explained 81 % of WC's variance [Se (97 %), Sp (71 %), J (68 %), Jmax (86 %), BMI = 30 kg/m(2)] and 4-50 % of other CMM. The five most prevalent (≥71 %) CMM in obese subjects were high WC, low HDL-C, and three insulin-related CMM [Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI]. For a BMI = 30 kg/m(2), J ranged from 16 % (HDL-C/LDL-C) to 68 % (WC), being moderately reliable (Jmax = 61-67) to predict high uric acid (UA), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype (HTGW). Corrected WCM/WCF were moderate-highly reliable (Jmax = 66-90) to predict HTGW, MetS, fasting glucose and UA. Most CMM were moderate-highly predicted at 27 ± 3 kg/m(2) (CI 95 %, 25-28), 85 ± 5 cm (CI 95 %, 82-88) and 81 ± 6cm (CI 95 %, 75-87), for BMI, WCM and WCF, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI and WC are good predictors of several CMM in the studied population, although at different cutoffs than current reference values.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juárez, 32300, Chihuahua, México. awall@uacj.mx.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wall-Medrano
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juárez, 32300, Chihuahua, México. aramos@uacj.mx.
authors.forename: Arnulfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México. rhernant@uach.mx.
authors.forename: Rosa P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Torres
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. villalobos@campus.iztacala.unam.mx.|Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. villalobos@campus.iztacala.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villalobos-Molina
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. dianacecitapia@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Diana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tapia-Pancardo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. jrjf@unam.mx.|Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. jrjf@unam.mx.
authors.forename: J Rafael
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Flores
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. renemen@gmail.com.|Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. renemen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A René
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Méndez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. miguelmurguia@gmail.com.|Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México. miguelmurguia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murguía-Romero
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México.
authors.forename: Itzell A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Gallardo-Ortíz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juárez, 32300, Chihuahua, México. rurquide@uacj.mx.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urquídez-Romero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers