title: Safety of Gadobutrol: Results From 42 Clinical Phase II to IV Studies and Postmarketing Surveillance After 29 Million Applications.
abstract: The aim of this study was to provide a systematic safety analysis of gadobutrol after more than 29 million applications in clinical routine.
  
  
  
  Forty-two clinical development phase II to IV studies on gadobutrol or comparator and the postmarketing safety surveillance database for gadobutrol (1998-2015) were analyzed. Adverse events (AEs) and drug-related AEs were evaluated in the clinical development database and spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the postmarketing database. Subgroup analyses were run on patients with special medical history and on patients of different age groups.
  
  
  
  In the clinical development studies, 6809 and 2184 patients received gadobutrol or comparators, respectively. The incidence of drug-related AEs was 3.5% for both groups. With the exception of nausea (0.7% related cases in both groups), all other drug-related AEs were 0.3% or less in both groups. Hypersensitivity reactions were sporadic (<0.1%). Patients with history of allergies to contrast agents experienced slightly more drug-related AEs. No differences were seen between age groups.The overall reporting rate of ADRs from postmarketing surveillance was 0.05%. The most frequent ADRs were anaphylactoid/hypersensitivity reactions, nausea, vomiting, and dyspnea.For 3 single-agent reports of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, using a conservative approach, association with gadobutrol could not be excluded.
  
  
  
  Gadobutrol is well tolerated and has a favorable safety profile for patients of all age groups.
authors.affiliation: From the *Radiology, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin; †Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg, Saarland; ‡Global Integrated Analysis & Life Cycle Management Statistics, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany; §Global Pharmacovigilance and Risk Management, and ∥Radiology, Bayer Pharma AG, Whippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endrikat
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vogtlaender
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohanish
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balzer
authors.forename: Josy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breuer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054989:Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol