title: Stress Hyperglycemia During Surgery and Anesthesia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications.
abstract: Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between hyperglycemia in the perioperative period and adverse clinical outcomes. Many patients who experience hyperglycemia while hospitalized do not have a known history of diabetes and experience a transient phenomenon often described as "stress hyperglycemia" (SH). We discuss the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SH as well as evidence to date regarding predisposing factors and outcomes. Further research is needed to identify the long-term sequelae of SH as well as perioperative measures that may modulate glucose elevations and optimal treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Suite 381, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. npalermo@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Nadine E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Health Systems, University of Michigan Medical School, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. romag@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Roma Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Gianchandani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Suite 381, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. mmcdonnell@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Marie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 732 Harrison Ave, 5th Floor, Suite 511, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. sara.alexanian@bmc.org.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alexanian
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D059035:Perioperative Period; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Critical illness; Inpatient diabetes; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Perioperative glucose management; Stress hyperglycemia