title: Evaluating the Potential Severity of Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Drug Substitution Errors in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Look-alike, sound-alike (LASA) drug name substitution errors in children may pose potentially severe consequences. Our objective was to determine the degree of potential harm pediatricians ascribe to specific ambulatory LASA drug substitution errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a unified list of LASA pairs from published sources, removing selected drugs on the basis of preparation type (eg, injectable drugs). Using a modified Delphi method over 3 rounds, 38 practicing pediatricians estimated degree of potential harm that might occur should a patient receive the delivered drug in error and the degree of potential harm that might occur from not receiving the intended drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 3550 published LASA drug pairs. A total of 1834 pairs were retained for the Delphi surveys, and 608 drug pairs were retained for round 3. Final scoring demonstrated that participants were able to identify pairs where the substitutions represented high risk of harm for receiving the delivered drug in error (eg, did not receive methylphenidate/received methadone), high risk of harm for not receiving the intended drug (eg, did not receive furosemide/received fosinopril), and pairs where the potential harm was high from not receiving the intended drug and from erroneously receiving the delivered drug (eg, did not receive albuterol/received labetalol).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatricians have identified LASA drug substitutions that pose a high potential risk of harm to children. These results will allow future efforts to prioritize pediatric LASA errors that can be screened prospectively in outpatient pharmacies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Electronic address: bascob@musc.edu.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Basco
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcome Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Myla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebeling
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Katherine D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Freeland
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hulsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health Professions, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D003697:Delphi Technique; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004348:Drug Labeling; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors; D061214:Patient Safety; D010372:Pediatrics; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms
keywords: children; medication error; patient safety; prescription error