title: Preoperative cardiovascular investigations in liver transplant candidate: An update.
abstract: Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) undergoing liver transplantation. Identifying candidates at the highest risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications is the cornerstone for optimizing the outcome. Ischaemic heart disease contributes to major portion of cardiovascular complications and therefore warrants evaluation in the preoperative period. Patients of ESLD usually demonstrate increased cardiac output, compromised ventricular response to stress, low systemic vascular resistance and occasionally bradycardia. Despite various recommendations for preoperative evaluation of cardiovascular disease in liver transplant candidates, a considerable controversy on screening methodology persists. This review critically focuses on the rapidly expanding body of evidence for diagnosis and risk stratification of cardiovascular disorder in liver transplant candidates.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplant Anaesthesia and Critical Care (SICU), Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplant Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fortis Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Chandra Kant
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplant Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fortis Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jha
keywords: Cardiovascular system evaluation; liver transplant; preoperative evaluation