title: Spontaneous Swallowing during All-Night Sleep in Patients with Parkinson Disease in Comparison with Healthy Control Subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spontaneous saliva swallows (SS) appear especially during sleep. The rate of SS was rarely investigated in all-night sleep in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Dysphagia is a frequent symptom in PD, but the rate of SS was never studied with an all-night sleep electroencephalogram (EEG).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 21 patients with PD and 18 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Frequencies of SS and coughing were studied in all-night sleep recordings of patients with PD and controls. During all-night sleep, video-EEG 12-channel recording was used including the electromyography (EMG) of the swallowing muscles, nasal airflow, and recording of vertical laryngeal movement using a pair of EEG electrodes over the thyroid cartilage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of SS was increased while the mean duration of sleep was decreased in PD when compared to controls. Sialorrhea and clinical dysphagia, assessed by proper questionnaires, had no effect in any patient group. The new finding was the so-called salvo type of consecutive SS in one set of swallowing. The amount of coughing was significantly increased just after the salvo SS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In PD, the rate of SS was not sufficient to demonstrate the swallowing disorder, such as oropharyngeal dysphagia, but the salvo type of SS was quite frequent. This is a novel finding and may contribute to the understanding of swallowing problems in patients with dysphagic or nondysphagic PD.
authors.affiliation: Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Irem Fatma
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Uludag
authors.affiliation: Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bedile Irem
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Tiftikcioglu
authors.affiliation: Aegean University, Medical School Hospital, Department of Neurology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cumhur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertekin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003371:Cough / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012463:Saliva; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012890:Sleep
keywords: Parkinson disease; cough; dysphagia; sleep; swallowing