title: Influence of common genetic variants on childhood kidney outcomes.
abstract: Kidney measures in early life are associated with kidney disease in later life. We hypothesized that these associations are partly explained by common genetic variants that lead to both smaller kidneys with lower kidney function in early childhood and kidney disease in adulthood.
  
  
  
  We examined in a population-based prospective cohort study among 4,119 children the associations of a weighted genetic risk score combining 20 previously identified common genetic variants related to adult eGFRcreat with kidney outcomes in children aged 6.0 years (95% range 5.7-7.8). Childhood kidney outcomes included combined kidney volume, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine levels, and microalbuminuria based on albumin and creatinine urine levels.
  
  
  
  We observed that the genetic risk score based on variants related to impaired kidney function in adults was associated with a smaller combined kidney volume (P value 3.0 × 10(-3)) and with a lower eGFR (P value 4.0 × 10(-4)) in children. The genetic risk score was not associated with microalbuminuria.
  
  
  
  Common genetic variants related to impaired kidney function in adults already lead to subclinical changes in childhood kidney outcomes. The well-known associations of kidney measures in early life with kidney disease in later life may at least be partly explained by common genetic variants.
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kozeta
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9614-7191
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miliku
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogelezang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janine F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D000483:Alleles; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine