title: [Hepatic angiomyolipoma: a clinicopathologic features and prognosis analysis of 182 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinicopathological characteristics of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) and to evaluate the correlation between clinicopathological parameters and tumor subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of clinicopathological features was conducted in 182 cases of HAML.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HAML patients were predominantly female (M:F=1:4) and most commonly presented with non-specific symptoms. The median age at diagnosis was 46 years, ranged from 17 to 77 years. Tumor diameter was ranged from 0.3 to 32.0 cm with an average of 5.0 cm. Majority of the tumor was epithelioid type (112/165, 67.9%). Extramedullary hematopoiesis, multinucleated giant cells, intranuclear inclusions, nucleolus, cellular atypia, invasive growth pattern, multiple masses, hyperpigmentation and purpura-like changes mostly occurred in the epithelioid type (P<0.05). Extramedullary hematopoiesis was commonly seen in HAML, the significance of which was still uncertain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of HAML are epithelioid type, characterized by a proliferation of predominantly epithelioid cells, in which extramedullary hematopoiesis is commonly seen. Some morphologic features that may predict malignant such as necrosis, mitotic figures, and tumor emboli are only found in the epithelioid HAML. Mitotic activity, tumor necrosis, tumor thrombus, giant cells, periportal invasion, multiple lesions and tumors size over 10 cm are closely related with tumor recurrence and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Rongkui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yunshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Akesu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sujie
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D015622:Epithelioid Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult