title: First Microsatellite Markers Developed from Cupuassu ESTs: Application in Diversity Analysis and Cross-Species Transferability to Cacao.
abstract: The cupuassu tree (Theobroma grandiflorum) (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum. is a fruitful species from the Amazon with great economical potential, due to the multiple uses of its fruit´s pulp and seeds in the food and cosmetic industries, including the production of cupulate, an alternative to chocolate. In order to support the cupuassu breeding program and to select plants presenting both pulp/seed quality and fungal disease resistance, SSRs from Next Generation Sequencing ESTs were obtained and used in diversity analysis. From 8,330 ESTs, 1,517 contained one or more SSRs (1,899 SSRs identified). The most abundant motifs identified in the EST-SSRs were hepta- and trinucleotides, and they were found with a minimum and maximum of 2 and 19 repeats, respectively. From the 1,517 ESTs containing SSRs, 70 ESTs were selected based on their functional annotation, focusing on pulp and seed quality, as well as resistance to pathogens. The 70 ESTs selected contained 77 SSRs, and among which, 11 were polymorphic in cupuassu genotypes. These EST-SSRs were able to discriminate the cupuassu genotype in relation to resistance/susceptibility to witches' broom disease, as well as to pulp quality (SST/ATT values). Finally, we showed that these markers were transferable to cacao genotypes, and that genome availability might be used as a predictive tool for polymorphism detection and primer design useful for both Theobroma species. To our knowledge, this is the first report involving EST-SSRs from cupuassu and is also a pioneer in the analysis of marker transferability from cupuassu to cacao. Moreover, these markers might contribute to develop or saturate the cupuassu and cacao genetic maps, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus-BA, Brazil.|Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília-DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferraz Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília-DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreira Fregapani
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília-DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Loeni Ludke
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília-DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Coiti
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Togawa
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília-DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Mota do Carmo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Cocoa Research Center, CEPLAC/CEPEC, 45600-970 Itabuna-BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Uilson Vanderlei
authors.initials: UV
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Cocoa Research Center, CEPLAC/CEPEC, 45600-970 Itabuna-BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peres Gramacho
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, 66095-903 Belém-PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Moyses
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus-BA, Brazil.|CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília-DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucilia Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Marcellino
mesh_terms: D002099:Cacao / Q000235:genetics*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags / Q000378:metabolism*; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA