title: DBS-platform for biomonitoring and toxicokinetics of toxicants: proof of concept using LC-MS/MS analysis of fipronil and its metabolites in blood.
abstract: A simple, sensitive and high throughput LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantification of fipronil, fipronil sulfone and fipronil desulfinyl in rat and human dried blood spots (DBS). DBS samples were prepared by spiking 10 μl blood on DMPK-C cards followed by drying at room temperature. The whole blood spots were then punched from the card and extracted using acetonitrile. The total chromatographic run time of the method was only 2 min. The lower limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng/ml for all the analytes. The method was successfully applied to determine fipronil desulfinyl in DBS samples obtained from its toxicokinetic study in rats following intravenous dose (1 mg/kg). In conclusion, the proposed DBS methodology has significant potential in toxicokinetics and biomonitoring studies of environmental toxicants. This microvolume DBS technique will be an ideal tool for biomonitoring studies, particularly in paediatric population. Small volume requirements, minimally invasive blood sampling method, easier storage and shipping procedure make DBS a suitable technique for such studies. Further, DBS technique contributes towards the principles of 3Rs resulting in significant reduction in the number of rodents used and refinement in sample collection for toxicokinetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
authors.forename: Kanumuri Siva Rama
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
authors.forename: Isha
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
authors.forename: Mamunur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.|Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology and Nanotherapeutics &Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashish Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sonkar
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahajuddin
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.|Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology and Nanotherapeutics &Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sheelendra Pratap
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D066007:Toxicokinetics
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; C082360:fipronil