title: Lead and manganese levels in serum and erythrocytes in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing.
abstract: We examined serum and erythrocyte lead and manganese levels in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which contains over 1000 registrants including over 200 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 100 mildly cognitively impaired (MCI) individuals. After correcting for confounding effects of age, collection site and sex, we found a significant decrease in serum manganese levels in AD subjects compared to healthy controls. Analysis of smaller subset of erythrocytes revealed no difference in either lead or manganese levels in AD. Although lead and manganese have neurotoxic effects and may be involved in AD pathology, our results showed that neither metal in serum nor erythrocytes are suitable biomarkers in our cohort. However, prospective studies might reveal whether the burden of either metal modifies disease outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia. dominic.hare@uts.edu.au and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ashley.bush@florey.edu.au.
authors.forename: Dominic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ashley.bush@florey.edu.au and IBM Research - Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Noel G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Faux
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ashley.bush@florey.edu.au and Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Blaine R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ashley.bush@florey.edu.au.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Volitakis
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia and The School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia and The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia and The Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ralph N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ashley.bush@florey.edu.au and Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashley I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007854:Lead; D008345:Manganese