title: Racial Patterns of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Incidence and Survival in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare incidence and survival of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) subtypes among US racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with PTCL (age ≥ 15 years; 2000 to 2012) were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic white, or American Indian/Alaskan native. Age-standardized annual incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were estimated with 95% CIs, and case-case odds ratios were estimated by race/ethnicity using polytomous regression. Survival was estimated from SEER follow-up data with Cox regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen thousand one hundred seven patients with PTCL were identified. Annual PTCL incidence was highest in blacks and lowest in Native Americans. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, blacks had a higher incidence of PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and a lower incidence of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL); Asians/Pacific Islanders had a higher incidence of AITL, extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and NK-cell leukemia (ENKCL), and ATLL and a lower incidence of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; Hispanics had a higher incidence of AITL and ENKCL; and Native Americans had a lower incidence of PTCL-NOS (all P < .05). The ratio of ENKCL to PCTL-NOS among Native Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic whites was approximately three- to four-fold the same ratio among non-Hispanic whites. Survival varied significantly by race/ethnicity (P < .001), with blacks in particular experiencing shorter survival for most subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Striking variation in incidence, proportions of PTCL subtypes, and survival was observed. Aspects of these PTCL subtype patterns, such as for ENKCL and ATLL, were similar to corresponding global populations. Despite the small population size and limited number of Native American patients, PTCL subtype frequencies in this group were distinct but most similar to Hispanic whites. Survival disparities were evident, especially for blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites.
authors.affiliation: Scott V. Adams and Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and Andrei R. Shustov, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Scott V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Scott V. Adams and Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and Andrei R. Shustov, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Polly A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.affiliation: Scott V. Adams and Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and Andrei R. Shustov, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. ashustov@seattlecca.org.
authors.forename: Andrei R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shustov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000413:Alaska / Q000453:epidemiology; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004930:Inuit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016411:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018426:SEER Program; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American