title: Significantly Greater Progression of Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Artery in Japanese American Men Than in White Men: The ERA JUMP Study.
abstract: Although a westernized lifestyle was associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD), morbidity, and mortality in first- and second-generation Japanese Americans, CHD mortality was reported to be lower in this population than in whites. The risk profile of CHD for third- and fourth-generation Japanese Americans is not known. We compared the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) between third- or fourth-generation Japanese Americans and whites.
  
  
  
  Population-based samples of 473 men (Japanese Americans, 227; whites, 246) aged 40-49 years at baseline and free of clinical cardiovascular disease were examined for CIMT at baseline (2004-2007) and follow-up (2007-2013). CIMT was determined centrally at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Analysis of covariance was used to compare annualized progression of CIMT between Japanese Americans and whites, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and baseline CIMT.
  
  
  
  Progression of CIMT was significantly greater in Japanese Americans than in whites both before and after adjusting for covariates: mean, 14.4 μm/y; 95% confidence interval [CI],12.3-16.4 vs 9.8 μm/y; 95% CI, 7.8-11.7; P < 0.05 and 15.1 μm/y; 95% CI, 13.1-17.1 vs 9.1 μm/y; 95% CI, 7.2-11.0; P < 0.05, respectively. Age, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diabetes in Japanese Americans and age, hypertension, and lipid medication in whites were significantly associated with progression of CIMT.
  
  
  
  The significantly greater progression of CIMT in Japanese Americans than in whites might suggest a higher future burden of CHD in Japanese Americans than in whites. The current study identifies Japanese Americans as an important target group for prevention of CHD. Future research assessing carotid plaque in addition to CIMT is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Vasudha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Emma J M
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Barinas-Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Beatriz L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Althouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vishnu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Todd B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: akira@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001213:Asian; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D002784:Cholesterol