title: Characterization of inflammatory markers and transcriptome profiles of differentially activated embryonic stem cell-derived microglia.
abstract: Microglia, the immune cells of the CNS, are highly adaptive cells that can acquire different pro- and anti-inflammatory activation states with distinct functions in CNS homeostasis and pathologies. To study microglial function in vitro, primary microglia or immortalized cell lines are commonly used. An alternative to these cells are embryonic stem cell-derived microglia (ESdM). ESdM have previously been shown to be very similar to primary microglia in terms of expression profiles and surface molecules. In this study, ESdM and primary microglia were treated with different inflammatory stimulants to analyze their ability to adopt different activation states. Using quantitative real-time PCR, comparative transcriptomics, ELISA, and flow cytometry, we found that different activation states can be induced in ESdM, which are similar to those found in primary microglia. These states are characterized by specific sets of inflammatory marker molecules and differential transcriptome signatures. Our results show that ESdM are a valuable alternative cell model to study microglial functions and neuroinflammatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beins
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Svenja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ternes
authors.affiliation: Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schultze
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D000066450:Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: IFN-γ; IL-4; LPS; TGFβ; embryonic stem cell-derived microglia; inflammation; microglia