title: Hibernation-like neuroprotection in stroke by attenuating brain metabolic dysfunction.
abstract: Many mammalian species naturally undergo hibernation, a process that is associated with drastic changes in metabolism and systemic physiology. Their ability to retain an undamaged central nervous system during severely reduced cerebral blood flow has been studied for possible therapeutic application in human ischemic stroke. By inducing a less extreme 'hibernation-like' state, it has been hypothesized that similar neuroprotective effects reduce ischemia-mediated tissue damage in stroke patients. This manuscript includes reviews and evaluations of: (1) true hibernation, (2) hibernation-like state and its neuroprotective characteristics, (3) the preclinical and clinical methods for induction of artificial hibernation (i.e., therapeutic hypothermia, phenothiazine drugs, and ethanol), and (4) the mechanisms by which cerebral ischemia leads to tissue damage and how the above-mentioned induction methods function to inhibit those processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forreider
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pozivilko
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Qingwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Kawaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: xgeng@med.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yding@med.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Yuchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006605:Hibernation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000066829:Neuroprotection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Ethanol; Hibernation; Hypothermia; Ischemia-reperfusion injury; Phenothiazine; Stroke therapy