title: Unsupervised pattern recognition methods in ciders profiling based on GCE voltammetric signals.
abstract: This work presents a complete methodology of distinguishing between different brands of cider and ageing degrees, based on voltammetric signals, utilizing dedicated data preprocessing procedures and unsupervised multivariate analysis. It was demonstrated that voltammograms recorded on glassy carbon electrode in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 2 are reproducible for each brand. By application of clustering algorithms and principal component analysis visible homogenous clusters were obtained. Advanced signal processing strategy which included automatic baseline correction, interval scaling and continuous wavelet transform with dedicated mother wavelet, was a key step in the correct recognition of the objects. The results show that voltammetry combined with optimized univariate and multivariate data processing is a sufficient tool to distinguish between ciders from various brands and to evaluate their freshness.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: jakubows@agh.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakubowska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sordoń
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciepiela
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards; D000465:Algorithms; D002244:Carbon; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon
keywords: CA; Cider; Glassy carbon electrode; K-means clustering; PCA; Voltammetry