title: Impact of proline application on cadmium accumulation, mineral nutrition and enzymatic antioxidant defense system of Olea europaea L. cv Chemlali exposed to cadmium stress.
abstract: Proline plays an important role in plant response to various environmental stresses. However, its involvement in mitigation of heavy metal stress in plants remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of exogenous proline (10 and 20 mM) in alleviating cadmium induced inhibitory effects in young olive plants (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) exposed to two Cd levels (10 and 30 mg CdCl2 kg(-1) soil). The Cd treatment induced substantial accumulation of Cd in both root and leaf tissues and a decrease in gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments contents, uptake of essential elements (Ca, Mg and K) and plant biomass. Furthermore, an elevation of antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxydase) and proline content in association with relatively high amounts of hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and electrolyte leakage were observed. Interestingly, the application of exogenous proline alleviated the oxidative damage induced by Cd accumulation. In fact, Cd-stressed olive plants treated with proline showed an increase of antioxidant enzymes activities, photosynthetic activity, nutritional status, plant growth and oil content of olive fruit. Generally, it seems that proline supplementation alleviated the deleterious effects of young olive plants exposed to Cd stress.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; University of Limoges, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Limoges, Limoges, France. Electronic address: mohamedzouari2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zouari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Chedlia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ben Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elloumi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bellassoued
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delmail
authors.affiliation: University of Limoges, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy, Faculty of Pharmacy of Limoges, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Labrousse
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ferjani
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ben Abdallah
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Improvement of Olive Productivity and Fruit Trees, Olive Tree Institute of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Bechir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ben Rouina
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D031658:Olea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008903:Minerals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D011392:Proline; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Cadmium stress; Exogenous proline; Oil content; Olive tree; Oxidative stress