title: Arsenic stress induces changes in lipid signalling and evokes the stomata closure in soybean.
abstract: Soybean (Glycine max) is often exposed to high arsenic (As) level in soils or through irrigation with groundwater. In previous studies on As-treated soybean seedlings we showed deleterious effect on growth, structural alterations mainly in root vascular system and induction of antioxidant enzymes. However, there are not reports concerning signal transduction pathways triggered by the metalloid in order to develop adaptive mechanisms. Phosphatidic acid (PA), a key messenger in plants, can be generated via phospholipase D (PLD) or via phospholipase C (PLC) coupled to diacylglycerol kinase (DGK). Thus, changes in PA and in an enzyme involved in its metabolism (PLD) were analysed in soybean seedlings treated with 25 μM AsV or AsIII. The present study demonstrated that As triggers the PA signal by PLD and also via PLC/DGK mainly after 48 h of As treatment. DGPP, other lipid messenger produced by phosphorylation of PA by PAK increased in As treated roots. Arsenic also induced rapid and significant stomatal closure after 1.5 h of treatment, mainly with AsIII, probably as an adaptive response to the metalloid to reduce water loss by transpiration. This report constitute the first evidence that shows the effects of As on lipid signalling events in soybean seedlings which would be crucial in adaptation and survival of soybean seedlings under As stress.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: analauraarmendariz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Armendariz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: mtalano@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Melina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Talano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: lvillasuso@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Villasuso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfología Vegetal, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: ctravaglia@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Travaglia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: gracagni@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Graciela E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Racagni
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfología Vegetal, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: hreinoso@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Herminda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: eagostini@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agostini
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001151:Arsenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D010739:Phospholipase D; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Glycine max; Phosphatidic acid; Phospholipase D; Stomatal