title: Effect of seat positions on discomfort, muscle activation, pressure distribution and pedal force during cycling.
abstract: The aim of this study was to measure and analyse discomfort and biomechanics of cycling, i.e., muscle activation, centre of pressure of seat pressure profiles and pedal forces as a function of seat position. Twenty-one recreationally active individuals cycled for 10min at 100W on an ergometer cycle using five different seat positions. The neutral position was considered as basic seat position and was compared with upward, downward, forward and backward seat positions. The initial bout was repeated at the end of the recording session. Discomfort increased for upward and backward condition compared with neutral (P<0.05). Normalized surface electromyography from gastrocnemius decreased in the downward and forward position but increased in the upward and backward position. The minimum force became less negative for forward position compared with neutral seat position (P<0.05). The degree of variability of centre of pressure increased in the upward and backward position and the entropy of the centre of pressure of sitting posture for backward position decreased compared with neutral seat position (P<0.05). The present study revealed that consecutive changes of seat position over time lead to increase in discomfort as well as alterations of the biomechanics of cycling.
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rachita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ernst A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Zee
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. Electronic address: pm@hst.aau.dk.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madeleine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biomechanics; Discomfort; Saddle position; Seat height; Seat tube angle