title: Quantitation of Gingerols in Human Plasma by Newly Developed Stable Isotope Dilution Assays and Assessment of Their Immunomodulatory Potential.
abstract: In a pilot study with two volunteers, the main pungent and bioactive ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) compounds, the gingerols, were quantitated in human plasma after ginger tea consumption using a newly established HPLC-MS/MS(ESI) method on the basis of stable isotope dilution assays. Limits of quantitation for [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols were determined as 7.6, 3.1, and 4.0 nmol/L, respectively. The highest plasma concentrations of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols (42.0, 5.3, and 4.8 nmol/L, respectively) were reached 30-60 min after ginger tea intake. Incubation of activated human T lymphocytes with gingerols increased the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration as well as the IFN-γ secretion by about 20-30%. This gingerol-induced increase of IFN-γ secretion could be blocked by the specific TRPV1 antagonist SB-366791. The results of the present study point to an interaction of gingerols with TRPV1 in activated T lymphocytes leading to an augmentation of IFN-γ secretion.
authors.affiliation: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schoenknecht
authors.affiliation: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Gaby
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmidts
authors.affiliation: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schieberle
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494482:TRPV1 protein, human; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C007845:gingerol; D002118:Calcium
keywords: IFN-γ; T lymphocytes; TRPV1; cytokine secretion; ginger (Zingiber officiale Roscoe); gingerols; intracellular Ca2+ concentration