title: Electrical source imaging of interictal spikes using multiple sparse volumetric priors for presurgical epileptogenic focus localization.
abstract: Electrical source imaging of interictal spikes observed in EEG recordings of patients with refractory epilepsy provides useful information to localize the epileptogenic focus during the presurgical evaluation. However, the selection of the time points or time epochs of the spikes in order to estimate the origin of the activity remains a challenge. In this study, we consider a Bayesian EEG source imaging technique for distributed sources, i.e. the multiple volumetric sparse priors (MSVP) approach. The approach allows to estimate the time courses of the intensity of the sources corresponding with a specific time epoch of the spike. Based on presurgical averaged interictal spikes in six patients who were successfully treated with surgery, we estimated the time courses of the source intensities for three different time epochs: (i) an epoch starting 50 ms before the spike peak and ending at 50% of the spike peak during the rising phase of the spike, (ii) an epoch starting 50 ms before the spike peak and ending at the spike peak and (iii) an epoch containing the full spike time period starting 50 ms before the spike peak and ending 230 ms after the spike peak. To identify the primary source of the spike activity, the source with the maximum energy from 50 ms before the spike peak till 50% of the spike peak was subsequently selected for each of the time windows. For comparison, the activity at the spike peaks and at 50% of the peaks was localized using the LORETA inversion technique and an ECD approach. Both patient-specific spherical forward models and patient-specific 5-layered finite difference models were considered to evaluate the influence of the forward model. Based on the resected zones in each of the patients, extracted from post-operative MR images, we compared the distances to the resection border of the estimated activity. Using the spherical models, the distances to the resection border for the MSVP approach and each of the different time epochs were in the same range as the LORETA and ECD techniques. We found distances smaller than 23 mm, with robust results for all the patients. For the finite difference models, we found that the distances to the resection border for the MSVP inversions of the full spike time epochs were generally smaller compared to the MSVP inversions of the time epochs before the spike peak. The results also suggest that the inversions using the finite difference models resulted in slightly smaller distances to the resection border compared to the spherical models. The results we obtained are promising because the MSVP approach allows to study the network of the estimated source-intensities and allows to characterize the spatial extent of the underlying sources.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, De Pintelaan 185, Building BB Floor 5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; iMinds Medical IT Department, Belgium. Electronic address: gregor.strobbe@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strobbe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: evelien.carrette@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Evelien
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrette
authors.affiliation: SISTEMIC, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia UDEA, Calle 70 No. 52-21,Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: josedavid@udea.edu.co.
authors.forename: José David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, De Pintelaan 185, Building BB Floor 5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; iMinds Medical IT Department, Belgium.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montes Restrepo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: dirk.vanroost@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Roost
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: alfred.meurs@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meurs
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: kristl.vonck@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Kristl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: paul.boon@uzgent.be.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, De Pintelaan 185, Building BB Floor 5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; iMinds Medical IT Department, Belgium. Electronic address: stefaan.vandenberghe@ugent.bfe.
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandenberghe
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, De Pintelaan 185, Building BB Floor 5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; iMinds Medical IT Department, Belgium. Electronic address: pieter.vanmierlo@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Mierlo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bayesian model selection; ECD; EEG; Interictal spikes; LORETA; Source priors; Volumetric priors