title: Family perspectives of how their relatives with mental illness benefit from Clubhouse participation: a qualitative inquiry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although researchers have demonstrated the benefits of psychosocial Clubhouse participation on a number of clinical and psychosocial outcomes, few studies have investigated the consumer's participation from the perspectives of others.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate family members' perspectives of how Clubhouse programming has affected consumers' recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four relatives of Clubhouse members were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol. Relatives were nominated by their Clubhouse members as their family member who provided them with the most social support. All interviews were transcribed and underwent content analysis yielding multilevel coding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four main dimensions emerged from family interviews about how Clubhouses affected their relatives. These dimensions aligned with areas of clinical recovery and personal growth. Family members observed and noted changes in: (1) positive affective changes, (2) improved goal directed and challenging behaviors, (3) positive attitude changes and (4) greater social interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As one of the first studies to document the perspectives of the relatives of Clubhouse members, this exploratory study indicates that family members recognize positive changes in their Clubhouse family members and these changes align with areas of functional recovery. Implications for practice and future studies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: b Department of Educational Psychology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA , and.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pernice-Duca
authors.affiliation: a Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Biegel
authors.affiliation: a Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norden
authors.affiliation: c Department of Social Work , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ching-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Adults with severe mental illness; clubhouse; family caregivers; qualitative research