title: Short-Term and Long-Term Biological Effects of Chronic Chemical Contamination on Natural Populations of a Marine Bivalve.
abstract: Understanding the effects of chronic chemical contamination on natural populations of marine organisms is complex due to the combined effects of different types of pollutants and environmental parameters that can modulate the physiological responses to stress. Here, we present the effects of a chronic contamination in a marine bivalve by combining multiple approaches that provide information on individual and population health. We sampled variegated scallops (Mimachlamys varia) at sites characterized by different contaminants and contamination levels to study the short and long-term (intergenerational) responses of this species to physiological stress. We used biomarkers (SOD, MDA, GST, laccase, citrate synthase and phosphatases) as indicators of oxidative stress, immune system alteration, mitochondrial respiration and general metabolism, and measured population genetic diversity at each site. In parallel, concentration of 14 trace metals and 45 organic contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, pesticides) in tissues were measured. Scallops were collected outside and during their reproductive season to investigate temporal variability in contaminant and biomarker levels. Our analyses revealed that the levels of two biomarkers (Laccase-type phenoloxidase and malondialdehyde) were significantly correlated with Cd concentration. Additionally, we observed significant seasonal differences for four of the five biomarkers, which is likely due to the scallop reproductive status at time of sampling. As a source of concern, a location that was identified as a reference site on the basis of inorganic contaminant levels presented the same level of some persistent organic pollutants (DDT and its metabolites) than more impacted sites. Finally, potential long-term effects of heavy metal contamination were observed for variegated scallops as genetic diversity was depressed in the most polluted sites.
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breitwieser
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Amélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viricel
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Becquet
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Churlaud
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fruitier-Arnaudin
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huet
authors.affiliation: Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest, Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pante
authors.affiliation: Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest, Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Floch
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle, Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomas-Guyon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010575:Pesticides; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase