title: Type of Speech Material Affects Acceptable Noise Level Test Outcome.
abstract: The acceptable noise level (ANL) test, in which individuals indicate what level of noise they are willing to put up with while following speech, has been used to guide hearing aid fitting decisions and has been found to relate to prospective hearing aid use. Unlike objective measures of speech perception ability, ANL outcome is not related to individual hearing loss or age, but rather reflects an individual's inherent acceptance of competing noise while listening to speech. As such, the measure may predict aspects of hearing aid success. Crucially, however, recent studies have questioned its repeatability (test-retest reliability). The first question for this study was whether the inconsistent results regarding the repeatability of the ANL test may be due to differences in speech material types used in previous studies. Second, it is unclear whether meaningfulness and semantic coherence of the speech modify ANL outcome. To investigate these questions, we compared ANLs obtained with three types of materials: the International Speech Test Signal (ISTS), which is non-meaningful and semantically non-coherent by definition, passages consisting of concatenated meaningful standard audiology sentences, and longer fragments taken from conversational speech. We included conversational speech as this type of speech material is most representative of everyday listening. Additionally, we investigated whether ANL outcomes, obtained with these three different speech materials, were associated with self-reported limitations due to hearing problems and listening effort in everyday life, as assessed by a questionnaire. ANL data were collected for 57 relatively good-hearing adult participants with an age range representative for hearing aid users. Results showed that meaningfulness, but not semantic coherence of the speech material affected ANL. Less noise was accepted for the non-meaningful ISTS signal than for the meaningful speech materials. ANL repeatability was comparable across the speech materials. Furthermore, ANL was found to be associated with the outcome of a hearing-related questionnaire. This suggests that ANL may predict activity limitations for listening to speech-in-noise in everyday situations. In conclusion, more natural speech materials can be used in a clinical setting as their repeatability is not reduced compared to more standard materials.
authors.affiliation: Center for Language Studies, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands; International Max-Planck Research School for Language SciencesNijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Xaver
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gertjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dingemanse
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goedegebure
authors.affiliation: Center for Language Studies, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands; Max-Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegen, Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janse
keywords: acceptable noise level; hearing; self-control capabilities; speech material type; working memory