title: Outcomes following impaction bone grafting for treatment of unstable osteochondritis dissecans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many methods have been proposed to treat unstable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Our purpose is to report outcomes in a cohort of patients undergoing impaction bone grafting for treatment of knee OCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing impaction bone grafting for knee OCD between 1998 and 2011 were contacted and stratified into (a) those who have undergone subsequent surgery on the affected knee and (b) those who have not had revision surgery performed on the affected knee since the impaction bone grafting procedure. For those not undergoing another procedure, physical examination, radiographs, MRI, and functional outcomes (SF12, Tegner, Activity Rating Scale, and IKDC) were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of nine patients (10 knees) undergoing the procedure, seven (eight knees) were available for follow-up. Three had revision surgery. One had debridement due to surface overgrowth and had no symptoms 43months following debridement, while two had osteochondral allograft and autograft procedures at three and 10years after initial surgery, respectively. Four patients did not require a revision surgical procedure at average follow-up of 55.4months (range, 21-116months). All had complete MRI fill of the cartilaginous defect with less than 50% of surface irregularity and redeveloped the tidemark and a heterogeneous cartilaginous surface. Follow-up Tegner, ARS, and SF12-PCS averaged 6.8, 67.5, and 56.6, respectively. All four had good/excellent IKDC results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaction bone grafting can reliably restore osteocartilaginous defect produced by OCD and is a readily available and less-expensive option in treating OCD lesions. Further investigation is necessary to determine the long-term durability of the results. Level IV - Case series.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States. Electronic address: rgallo@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plakke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mosher
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010008:Osteochondritis Dissecans / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome