title: Repeated observation of immune gene sets enrichment in women with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: There are different biological and clinical patterns of lung cancer between genders indicating intrinsic differences leading to increased sensitivity to cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage, mutational patterns of KRAS and better clinical outcomes in women while differences between genders at gene-expression levels was not previously reported. Here we show an enrichment of immune genes in NSCLC in women compared to men. We found in a GSEA analysis (by biological processes annotated from Gene Ontology) of six public datasets a repeated observation of immune gene sets enrichment in women. "Immune system process", "immune response", "defense response", "cellular defense response" and "regulation of immune system process" were the gene sets most over-represented while APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, LAT, CD1D and CCL5 represented the top-five core genes. Characterization of immune cell composition with the platform CIBERSORT showed no differences between genders; however, there were differences when tumor tissues were compared to normal tissues. Our results suggest different immune responses in NSCLC between genders that could be related with the different clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Jhajaira M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chorrillos, Lima 09, Peru.
authors.forename: Nadezhda K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Cardenas
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Mayer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaharia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doimi
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chorrillos, Lima 09, Peru.
authors.forename: Leny
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinillos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Morante
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Henry L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Vallejos
authors.affiliation: Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rolfo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, San Borja, Lima 41, Peru.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: CIBERSORT; GSEA; gender; immune gene sets; non-small cell lung cancer