title: Preparation methods prior to PET/CT scanning that decrease uptake of 18F-FDG by myocardium, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hypermetabolic environment of the myocardium, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and muscle will have an effect on the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). A low carbohydrate, high fat, and protein-permitted diet before PET/CT scanning can reduce the degree of 18F-FDG uptake by the myocardium, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a low carbohydrate, high fat and protein-permitted diet on 18F-FDG uptake by myocardium, BAT, and muscle during PET/CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 126 patients who adhered to two meals before PET/CT scanning (that were prepared using a low carbohydrate, high fat, and protein-permitted diet), i.e. the diet group, were compared with 126 patients who fasted for at least 12 h prior to scanning (i.e. the fasting group). The degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle were stratified into four grades (range, 0-3) with 0 for negligible uptake, and 3 for intense uptake. Correlations between the diet and fasting groups with respect to degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle in the diet group was significantly lower compared with the 18F-FDG uptake within myocardium, BAT, and muscle in the fasting group (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low carbohydrate/high fat diet before 18F-FDG injection can suppress uptake of 18F-FDG within the myocardium, BAT, and skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xu-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Chang-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China wang_shuxia@163.com.
authors.forename: Shu-Xia
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism*; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG); adipose tissue; brown; carbohydrate-restricted; diet; muscles; myocardium; positron emission tomography (PET)