title: Evaluation and surgery for stress urinary incontinence: A FIGO working group report.
abstract: To review available evidence regarding evaluation and treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and provide recommendations for management of urinary incontinence under specific conditions determined by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Working Group.
  
  
  
  The FIGO Working Group discussed the management of SUI during meetings and assessed the evidence. The search of evidence was performed using MEDLINE®and Cochrane databases as well as additional searches from societies and major organizations for additional guidelines and recommendations and hand searches from bibliographies. Initial searches from 1985 to December 31, 2012 extended until July 15, 2015. After review, recommendations are made based on levels of evidence according to the recommendations from Oxford EBM Center.
  
  
  
  Initial evaluation of SUI consists of history and physical examination; cough stress test, evaluation for urinary tract infections (UTI), assessment of urethral mobility, and post-void residual volumes (LOE 5). Urodynamic studies are not necessary to evaluate patients with uncomplicated SUI (LOE 1a). Conservative treatment should be tried prior to surgery and more importantly in areas of low resources (LOE 5). Midurethral slings (MUS), pubovaginal (traditional suburethral) slings (PVS), and Burch colposuspension are effective in treating SUI (LOE 1a). Patients with SUI with ISD or UUI appear to have lower cure rates than patients without (LOE 2-4). There are limited data on surgical outcomes under limited resources (LOE 5).
  
  
  
  MUS, PVS, and Burch colposuspension are effective treatments for SUI. Evidence for recommendations to treat patients in underserved low resource areas is lacking. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:518-528, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Science, Urology and Andrology Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynecology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Colorado
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Oscar Contreras
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stergios K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Doumouchtsis
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
keywords: burch colposuspension; intrinsic sphincter deficiency; level of evidence (LOE); midurethral slings; pubovaginal sling