title: Barrier cream based on CeO2nanoparticles grafted polymer as an active compound against the penetration of organophosphates.
abstract: Due to their small size, nanoparticles possess unique properties. Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been already studied for their capacity to adsorb and neutralize toxic compounds including organophosphates. By covalently grafting these nanoparticles to a thickening polymer, their potential aggregation resulting in a loss of surface area and their potential toxicity are avoided. Indeed, copolymers easily form gels in water at neutral pH thanks to low interactions occurring between polymeric chains; thus, gels can be spread on membrane supports to afford protective barriers. However, as we demonstrated previously, a formulation step of these hydride nanoparticle-polymeric compounds is necessary to overcome the cracking of the coating during drying. This work reports the impact of many factors on the efficiency of a new active Topical Skin Protectant (aTSP) including: (1) the presence of CeO2nanoparticles in the protective coating and their amount, (2) their grafting to a perfluorocarbon thickening polymer and (3) the formulation of the CeO2nanoparticle-grafted polymer. The combination of all the benefit parameters led to a very effective new aTSP against paraoxon penetration. The major in vitro diffusion studies were performed in Franz-type diffusion cells on two artificial membranes (silicone and Strat-M) and final validation on ex vivo human skin. The comparison of 24 h-exposure between membrane results indicated a difference in the behavior between the two artificial supports and the biological model; Strat-M membranes seeming closer to human skin results. Therefore, positive results regarding occlusive conditions should be confirmed with human skin.
authors.affiliation: Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée - UMR CNRS 7336, Groupe Surfaces et Interfaces, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bignon
authors.affiliation: Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée - UMR CNRS 7336, Groupe Surfaces et Interfaces, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France. Electronic address: amigoni@unice.fr.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amigoni
authors.affiliation: ICMN UMR 7374, IUT de Chartres, Université d'Orléans, 21, rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Devers
authors.affiliation: Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée - UMR CNRS 7336, Groupe Surfaces et Interfaces, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guittard
mesh_terms: D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010755:Organophosphates; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
keywords: CeO(2) nanoparticle; Paraoxon; Polymeric network; Topical skin protectant