title: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence for intrinsic factors driving aetiology and progression.
abstract: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is now considered to be a multifactorial heterogeneous disease, with recent genomic studies supporting the role of intrinsic factors in contributing to the onset of disease pathology and curve progression. Understanding the key molecular signalling pathways by which these intrinsic factors mediate AIS pathology may facilitate the development of pharmacological therapeutics and the identification of predictive markers of progression. The heterogenic nature of AIS has implicated multiple tissue types in the disease pathophysiology, including spinal bone, intervertebral disc and paraspinal muscles. In this review, we highlight some of the mechanisms and intrinsic molecular regulators within these different tissue types and review the evidence for their involvement in AIS pathology.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew M P
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Newton Ede
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, B15 2WB, Birmingham, UK. s.w.jones@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013131:Spine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Adolescent idiopathic scolisosis; Bone; Epigenetics; Intervertebral disc; Paraspinal muscles