title: Vaccination with Live Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Protects from Mucosal, but Not Necessarily Intravenous, Challenge with a Minimally Heterologous SIV.
abstract: Few studies have evaluated the impact of the viral challenge route on protection against a heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge. We vaccinated seven macaques with a live attenuated SIV that differed from SIVmac239Δnef by 24 amino acids, called m3KOΔnef. All animals were protected from an intrarectal SIVmac239 challenge, whereas only four animals were protected from subsequent intravenous SIVmac239 challenge. These data suggest that immune responses elicited by vaccination with live attenuated SIV in an individual animal can confer protection from intrarectal challenge while remaining insufficient for protection from intravenous challenge.
  
  
  
  Our study is important because we show that vaccinated animals can be protected from a mucosal challenge with a heterologous SIV, but the same animals are not necessarily protected from intravenous challenge with the same virus. This is unique because in most studies, either vaccinated animals are challenged multiple times by the same route or only a single challenge is performed. An individually vaccinated animal is rarely challenged multiple times by different routes, so protection from different challenge routes cannot be measured in the same animal. Our data imply that vaccine-elicited responses in an individual animal may be insufficient for protection from intravenous challenge but may be suitable for protection from a mucosal challenge that better approximates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Alexis J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Balgeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braasch
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehrer-Brey
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA slfeinberg@wisc.edu.|Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Shelby L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012007:Rectum / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated