title: Magnetic resonance safety.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a superior soft-tissue contrast compared to other radiological imaging modalities and its physiological and functional applications have led to a significant increase in MRI scans worldwide. A comprehensive MRI safety training to protect patients and other healthcare workers from potential bio-effects and risks of the magnetic fields in an MRI suite is therefore essential. The knowledge of the purpose of safety zones in an MRI suite as well as MRI appropriateness criteria is important for all healthcare professionals who will work in the MRI environment or refer patients for MRI scans. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of current magnetic resonance safety guidelines and discuss the safety risks of magnetic fields in an MRI suite including forces and torque of ferromagnetic objects, tissue heating, peripheral nerve stimulation, and hearing damages. MRI safety and compatibility of implanted devices, MRI scans during pregnancy, and the potential risks of MRI contrast agents will also be discussed, and a comprehensive MRI safety training to avoid fatal accidents in an MRI suite will be presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC2026, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. ssammet@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sammet
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D004869:Equipment Safety / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D061214:Patient Safety; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Contrast agents; Implants; Magnetic fields; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Pregnancy; Safety