title: Non-Fatal Injury in Thailand From 2005 to 2013: Incidence Trends and Links to Alcohol Consumption Patterns in the Thai Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analyzed population-based injury trends and the association between injury and alcohol consumption patterns in Thailand, a middle-income country undergoing rapid social change.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide cohort of 42 785 Thai adult Open University students, who were aged 15 to 87 years at enrolment, participated in cross-sectional assessments at baseline (2005) and 8 years later (2013). Incident non-fatal traffic and non-traffic injuries were recorded. Alcohol consumption patterns were categorized as follows: non-drinkers, occasional light drinkers, occasional heavy drinkers, regular drinkers, and ex-drinkers. Logistic regression was used to assess associations in 2005 and 2013 between injuries and alcohol consumption. We adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for socio-demographic factors, stress, health behaviors, and risk-taking behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence estimates in 2013 were standardized to the age structure of 2005: the standardized rates were 10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.32-9.89) for participants with at least one non-traffic injury and 5% (95% CI, 4.86-5.29) for those with at least one traffic injury. Both standardized incidences for non-traffic and traffic injuries were significantly lower than corresponding rates in 2005 (20% and 6%, respectively). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with non-traffic injury in 2005, but the association disappeared in 2013. For example, non-traffic injury was associated with regular drinking (adjusted OR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40) in 2005, but not in 2013 (adjusted OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73-1.10). In both survey years, traffic injury was not associated with occasional heavy drinking when adjusted for health and risk-taking behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We examined non-fatal injury and the health-risk transition in Thailand in 2005 and 2013. Our data revealed decreases in alcohol consumption and non-fatal injury in the Thai Cohort between 2005 and 2013. Alcohol-related injury in Thailand today could be amenable to preventive intervention.
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berecki-Gisolf
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Banwell
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Vasoontara
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yiengprugsawan
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McKetin
authors.forename: Sam-Ang
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Seubsman
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-7289
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sleigh
authors.forename: The
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thai Cohort Study Team
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult