title: Colour-Difference Measurement Method for Evaluation of Quality of Electrolessly Deposited Copper on Polymer after Laser-Induced Selective Activation.
abstract: In this work a novel colour-difference measurement method for the quality evaluation of copper deposited on a polymer is proposed. Laser-induced selective activation (LISA) was performed onto the surface of the polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) polymer by using nanosecond laser irradiation. The laser activated PC/ABS polymer was copper plated by using the electroless copper plating (ECP) procedure. The sheet resistance measured by using a four-point probe technique was found to decrease by the power law with the colour-difference of the sample images after LISA and ECP procedures. The percolation theory of the electrical conductivity of the insulator conductor mixture has been adopted in order to explain the experimental results. The new proposed method was used to determine an optimal set of the laser processing parameters for best plating conditions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Mindaugas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gedvilas
authors.affiliation: Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Karolis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ratautas
authors.affiliation: Kocaeli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Umuttepe Campus, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kacar
authors.affiliation: Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stankevičienė
authors.affiliation: Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Aldona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jagminienė
authors.affiliation: Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Eugenijus
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norkus
authors.affiliation: Group Materials Labs, Centro Ricerche Fiat S.C.p.A., Strada Torino 50, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy.
authors.forename: Nello
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li Pira
authors.affiliation: Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Račiukaitis