title: A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT VITRIFICATION METHOD FOR IN-STRAW DILUTION AND DIRECT TRANSFER OF BOVINE EMBRYOS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An easy and user friendly protocol that produces consistent results will facilitate the commercial application of embryo vitrification technology in the field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to develop a simple and efficient vitrification, in-straw dilution and direct transfer method for bovine embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  After being vitrified and in-straw thawed, in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos were subjected to in vitro culture or embryo transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in survival rates (100.0% vs. 93.9%) and expansion rates (93.8% vs. 87.5%) between in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced blastocysts after vitrification and in-straw dilution. And there was also no significant difference (P > 0.05) in conception rates (56.5% vs. 58.8%) after ET between cryopreserved and fresh in vivo-derived blastocysts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitrification using EG-based vitrification solution and in-straw dilution with PBS-based diluent is a simple and efficient method for cryopreservation and direct transfer of bovine embryos.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Youwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiangwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Bingjing AnBo Embryo Biotech Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Bingjing AnBo Embryo Biotech Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuntao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Bingjing AnBo Embryo Biotech Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xianhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Bingjing AnBo Embryo Biotech Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shujing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. zhushien@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002417:Cattle; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005306:Fertilization; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D058989:Vitrification