title: Stress relaxant and antioxidant activities of acid glycoside from Spondias mangifera fruit against physically and chemically challenged albino mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stress relaxant and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of fruit Spondias mangifera (EEFSM) and its isolated compound (Sm-01) were evaluated. The structure of Sm-01 was also elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEFSM at two different doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg (bw)/day and Sm-01 at dose of 10 mg/kg (bw)/day were screened for in vivo stress relaxant activity using anoxia stress tolerance, swimming endurance and cyclophosphamide-induced immune suppression model and in vitro antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model. The levels of Hb, red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) along with organ and body weights suppressed by cyclophosphamide were estimated. The structure of Sm-01 was elucidated by spectroscopy (ultraviolet, infrared, (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR],(13) C-NMR and mass spectrometry) and chemical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sm-01 was structurally elucidated as propan-1,2-dioic acid-3-carboxyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6'→1")-β-D-glucofuranoside. It was found that EEFSM and Sm-01 significantly increased the anoxia stress tolerance, swimming endurance and duration of stay on rotarod and normalized the levels of Hb, RBC, and WBC along with altered organ and body weights suppressed by cyclophosphamide. EEFSM and Sm-01 also exhibited significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL with obtained IC50 of 0.32 and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated that extract and Sm-01 both possess significant stress relaxant and antioxidant activities favoring its use as adaptogens. The activities of the extract may be due to the Sm-01.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sheeba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fareed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Md Azizur
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rahman
keywords: Propanetricarboxylic diglucoside; Spondias mangifera; stress relaxant