title: Characterization of the antioxidant fraction of Trapa japonica pericarp and its hepatic protective effects in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The ethanolic extract of Trapa japonica pericarp (TJP) and its various fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential. The ethyl acetate fraction (EF) from TJP exhibited significant antioxidant and protective effects against tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experimental results showed that the EF suppressed t-BHP-induced damage in Chang cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that the EF effectively inhibited t-BHP-induced apoptosis by suppressing caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9. In the in vivo study, the EF significantly prevented serum increases in glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase and hepatic malondialdehyde levels caused by t-BHP. Furthermore, the EF markedly increased hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels. Histopathological examinations further confirmed that the EF could protect the liver from t-BHP-induced oxidative injury. These findings indicate that the EF could be developed as a therapy or to prevent hepatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea. parkpj@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yon-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea. parkpj@kku.ac.kr and Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea. parkpj@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, 390-711, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Bok
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, 363-883, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, 363-883, Korea.
authors.forename: Sangkeun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 380-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Byong-Tae
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea. parkpj@kku.ac.kr and Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Pyo-Jam
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7