title: Types of Research Bias Encountered in IR.
abstract: Bias is a systemic error in studies that leads to inaccurate deductions. Relevant biases in the field of IR and interventional oncology were identified after reviewing articles published in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology and CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. Biases cited in these articles were divided into three categories: preinterventional (health care access, participation, referral, and sample biases), periinterventional (contamination, investigator, and operator biases), and postinterventional (guarantee-time, lead time, loss to follow-up, recall, and reporting biases).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gabr
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Joseph Ralph
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kallini
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kush
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Bartley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thornburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611. Electronic address: r-salem@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Riad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012107:Research Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*