title: Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 may be involved in pregnane x receptor-activated overexpression of multidrug resistance 1 gene during acquired multidrug resistant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnane x receptor (PXR) - activated overexpression of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene is an important way for tumor cells to acquire drug resistance. However, the detailed mechanism still remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether protein arginine methyl transferase 1(PRMT1) is involved in PXR - activated overexpression of MDR1 during acquired multidrug resistant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arginine methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1) was used to pharmacologically block PRMT1 in resistant breast cancer cells (MCF7/adr). The mRNA and protein levels of MDR1 were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the physical interaction between PXR and PRMT1. Then, 136 candidate compounds were screened for PRMT1 inhibitors. Lastly, luciferase reporter gene and nude mice bearing resistant breast cancer xenografts were adopted to investigate the anti-tumor effect of PRMT1 inhibitors when combined with adriamycin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMI-1 significantly suppressed the expression of MDR1 in MCF7/adr cells and increased cells sensitivity of MCF7/adr to adriamycin. Physical interaction between PRMT1 and PXR exists in MCF7/adr cells, which could be disrupted by AMI-1. Those results suggest that PRMT1 may be involved in PXR-activated overexpression of MDR1 in resistant breast cancer cells, and AMI-1 may suppress MDR1 by disrupting the interaction between PRMT1 and PXR. Then, five compounds including rutin, isoquercitrin, salvianolic acid A, naproxen, and felodipline were identified to be PRMT1 inhibitors. Finally, those PRMT1 inhibitors were observed to significantly decrease MDR1 promoter activity in vitro and enhance the antitumor effect of adriamycin in nude mice that bearing resistant breast cancer xenografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRMT1 may be an important co-activator of PXR in activating MDR1 gene during acquired resistance, and PRMT1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy drugs may be a new strategy for overcoming tumor MDR.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.|People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics & Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Ah-Ng Tony
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China.
authors.forename: Pinghua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Drug Clinical Trial Agency, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xuehua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D004317:Doxorubicin; C077013:PRMT2 protein, human; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases
keywords: multidrug resistance; p-glycoprotein; pregnane X receptor; protein arginine methyl transferase 1