title: In Vitro Evaluation of Microleakage and Microhardness of Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis in Different Proportions Added to Glass Ionomer Cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) addition in different proportions to glass ionomer cement (GIC) on microleakage and microhardness of GIC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cement was divided into four groups: one using the original composition and three with 10%, 25%, and 50% EEP added to the liquid and then manipulated. For microleakage assessment, sixty primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n=15). Standard Class II cavities were prepared and then filled with EEP in different proportions added to GICs. Microleakage test was performed using a dye penetration method. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Disc shaped specimens were prepared from the tested GIC to determine Vickers hardness (VHN). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of microleakage (p > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the VHN values of groups (p < 0.05). Increasing addition of EEP to GIC statistically significantly increased VHN value of GIC (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of EEP to GIC increased the microhardness of the GIC and did not adversely affect the microleakage. Thus, it might be used during routine dental practice due to its antibacterial properties.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altunsoy
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanrıver
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Türkan
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silici
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; C025485:basic fuchsin; D011429:Propolis
keywords: Ethanolic extracts of propolis; glass ionomer cement; microhardness microleakage