title: Dental panoramic indices and fractal dimension measurements in osteogenesis imperfecta children under pamidronate treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension (FD) in dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of children with different types of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and also to verify the effect of pamidronate (PAM) treatment in such panoramic analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 197 DPRs of 62 children with OI Types I, III and IV who were in treatment with a comparable dosage of intravenous PAM were selected. The mandibular cortical width (MCW), mandibular cortical index, visual estimation of the cortical width and FD of three standardized trabecular and cortical mandibular regions of interest were obtained from the radiographs. Factorial analysis of variance and Fisher test were used to compare FD and MCW measurements in children with different types of OI for different PAM cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with all types of OI have thinner and more porous mandibular cortices at the beginning of treatment. There were significant differences between MCW and FD of the cortical bone, regarding different types of OI and number of PAM cycles (p = 0.037 and p = 0.044, respectively). FD measurements of the trabecular bone were not statistically different among OI types nor were PAM cycles (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with OI presented cortical bone alterations after PAM treatment. Both MCW and the FD of the cortical bone were higher in children with OI after PAM treatment. It is argued that cortical bone should be considered for analyzing patients with OI, as well as to monitor the progress of PAM treatment.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Dentistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Apolinário
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Dentistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sindeaux
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Rheumatology, Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Souza Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: 3 Biological Sciences Department, State University of West Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana T B
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: 4 Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.affiliation: 5 Division of Endocrinology, University of Brasília's Hospital, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: 6 Hospital de Base of Federal District, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: 4 Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: 7 Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilce S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Rheumatology, Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: André F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Leite
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D010013:Osteogenesis Imperfecta / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077268:Pamidronate; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D000077268:Pamidronate
keywords: bone disease; diphosphonate; fractals; panoramic radiography