title: Ecological robustness of the gut microbiota in response to ingestion of transient food-borne microbes.
abstract: Resident gut microbes co-exist with transient bacteria to form the gut microbiota. Despite increasing evidence suggesting a role for transient microbes on gut microbiota function, the interplay between resident and transient members of this microbial community is poorly defined. We aimed to determine the extent to which a host's autochthonous gut microbiota influences niche permissivity to transient bacteria using a fermented milk product (FMP) as a vehicle for five food-borne bacterial strains. Using conventional and gnotobiotic rats and gut microbiome analyses (16S rRNA genes pyrosequencing and reverse transcription qPCR), we demonstrated that the clearance kinetics of one FMP bacterium, Lactococcus lactis CNCM I-1631, were dependent on the structure of the resident gut microbiota. Susceptibility of the resident gut microbiota to modulation by FMP intervention correlated with increased persistence of L. lactis. We also observed gut microbiome configurations that were associated with altered stability upon exposure to transient bacteria. Our study supports the concept that allochthonous bacteria have transient and subject-specific effects on the gut microbiome that can be leveraged to re-engineer the gut microbiome and improve dysbiosis-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Metagenopolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Chenhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derrien
authors.affiliation: Metagenopolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levenez
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brazeilles
authors.affiliation: Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sonia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ballal
authors.affiliation: Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Degivry
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quéré
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garault
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Johan E T
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: van Hylckama Vlieg
authors.affiliation: Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: Metagenopolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France.|Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veiga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043302:Cultured Milk Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004463:Ecology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA