title: Progesterone modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine expression profile after spinal cord injury: Implications for neuropathic pain.
abstract: Neuropathic pain is a frequent complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), still refractory to conventional treatment. Glial cell activation and cytokine production contribute to the pathology of central neuropathic syndromes. In this study we evaluated the effects of progesterone, a neuroactive steroid, on pain development and the spinal expression of IL-1β, its receptors (IL-1RI and IL-1RII) and antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6 and TNFα, and NR1 subunit of NMDAR. Our results show that progesterone, by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal IL-1RI/NR1 colocalization, emerges as a promising agent to prevent chronic pain after SCI.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Coronel
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Raggio
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendócrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandro F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendócrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Florencia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Labombarda
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: sugnzlz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Susana L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000209:etiology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C409466:NR1 NMDA receptor; D011372:Progestins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011374:Progesterone; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: Chronic pain; Glial activation; NMDA receptor; Neuroactive steroids; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; Spinal cord