title: Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies as risk biomarker for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-Apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies (anti-ApoA-1 IgG) represent an emerging prognostic cardiovascular marker in patients with myocardial infarction or autoimmune diseases associated with high thrombotic events. The aim of this work is to investigate the incidence of anti-apoA-1 autoantibodies in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with and without CVD and to study potential association with disease risk and its effect on plasma lipid parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative determination of anti-apoA-1 IgG was assayed in sera from 302 subjects classified into T2DM patients (n=102), T2DM+CVD (n=112) and healthy controls (n=88).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of anti-apoA-1 IgG was significantly higher among CVD patients (35.7%) than T2DM patients (8.8%) or control subjects (6.1%), p<0.0001. A significant association with CVD was identified (p<0.0001) and subjects who were positive for anti-apoA-1 IgG were at 8.5 times increased risk to develop CVD when compared to controls. Diabetic patients who were positive for the antibodies showed 5.7 times increased CVD risk. ROC analysis indicated anti-apoA-1 IgG as a risk biomarker for CVD in T2DM patients with an AUC value of 0.76, sensitivity of 35.7% and specificity of 91.2%. Studying the effect on lipid parameters, anti-apoA-1 IgG associated with significantly higher serum concentrations of TC and non-HDL-C in all groups and with higher concentrations of LDL-C in diabetic patients and higher TC/HDL-C ratio in CVD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that anti-apoA-1 IgG is a cardiovascular risk biomarker in T2DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El-Lebedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Enas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rasheed
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kafoury
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abd-El Haleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Awadallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ingy
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ashmawy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Anti-apolipoprotein-A1; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular disease; Type 2 diabetes