title: Improving Protein Expression Prediction Using Extra Features and Ensemble Averaging.
abstract: The article focus is the improvement of machine learning models capable of predicting protein expression levels based on their codon encoding. Support vector regression (SVR) and partial least squares (PLS) were used to create the models. SVR yields predictions that surpass those of PLS. It is shown that it is possible to improve the models predictive ability by using two more input features, codon identification number and codon count, besides the already used codon bias and minimum free energy. In addition, applying ensemble averaging to the SVR or PLS models also improves the results even further. The present work motivates the test of different ensembles and features with the aim of improving the prediction models whose correlation coefficients are still far from perfect. These results are relevant for the optimization of codon usage and enhancement of protein expression levels in synthetic biology problems.
authors.affiliation: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinga
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008957:Models, Genetic; D040901:Proteomics; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins