title: Pain and quality of life in leprosy patients in an endemic area of Northeast Brazil: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain emerges as a challenge in the treatment of leprosy patients. In this study, we describe the prevalence and type of pain in patients with leprosy, and its effect on patients' quality of life in an endemic area of Northeast Brazil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cross-sectional survey of 260 patients attending leprosy reference centres in Sergipe, Northeast Brazil was conducted. Individuals were assessed for the presence and type of pain, skin sensory loss, peripheral nerve enlargement, touch and pinprick sensations, mechanical allodynia and nerve palpation. Participants completed the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire, and we also used the Brief Pain Inventory scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF instrument to arrive at our results. One hundred and ninety-five (75 %) patients reported pain, mostly of the neuropathic type. Pain was moderate in 84 (43.1 %) and severe in 94 (48.2 %) participants. The presence of pain was associated with disability (p = 0.001), leprosy reactions (p = 0.004) and lower quality of life. Most patients with neuropathic pain were treated with steroids, despite their low efficacy for this type of pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain is highly prevalent among leprosy patients and is associated with low quality of life. Leprosy management should include a systematic assessment of the type of pain a patient experiences in order to provide adequate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. santosvictor19@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Victor S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. jamilly00@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jamilly C V
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. bricia_star@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabrícia D N
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. enf.lais@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laudice S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. juliannecostavs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julianne C V
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. vera_feitosa@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Vera L C
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. ricardoqgurgel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo Q
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Gurgel
authors.affiliation: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK. luis.cuevas@lstmed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cuevas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007918:Leprosy / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires