title: Personal History and Physical Examination in Judgment of Urinary Tract Infection in Children Aged 3 Months to 2 Years.
abstract: Pediatricians ubiquitously rely on urine analysis for diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) in young febrile children due to discrepancies in symptom presentation. This study aimed to identify the determinants of physical examination and personal history for diagnosing UTI.
  
  
  
  Four hundred and ten patients aged between 3 months and 2 years presenting with a tympanic temperature of >38°C for >24 hours were requested to undergo urinary tests. Pediatricians completed patient record charts before the test results were generated, examined the final results of the tests, and compared the results with those reported in the medical records. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to detect potential confounding factors.
  
  
  
  An age of <1 year [odds ratio (OR): 5.05; p < 0.01], female sex (OR: 2.117; p < 0.05), and the absence of throat redness (OR: 1.907; p < 0.05) were risk factors for UTI. Patients defecating ≤3 times/day (OR: 8.80; p < 0.05) were more likely to have pyuria than those who defecated >3 times/day.
  
  
  
  For febrile patients in the age group examined, the absence of throat redness and female sex were independent predictors of UTI. Moreover, the risk of UTI was higher in younger patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Emergency, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Po-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hui-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Nursing, HungKuang University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ruoh-Lih
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Immunology, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jun-Kai
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neonatology, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Cheng-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Emergency, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Long-Yau
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Critical Care, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: 107484@cch.org.tw.
authors.forename: Ming-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010808:Physical Examination; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: children; medical history; physical; urinary tract infection examination