title: Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on the Natural Antibodies and Antibody Responses Against Protein Antigens From Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in Children With Community-acquired Pneumonia.
abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are common causative agents of respiratory infections. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been introduced recently, but their effect on the natural immunity against protein antigens from these pathogens has not been elucidated.
  
  
  
  This was an age-matched observational controlled study that evaluated the influence of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the levels of antibodies and frequencies of antibody responses against proteins from S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis in serum samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia. Eight pneumococcal proteins (pneumolysin, choline-binding protein A, pneumococcal surface protein A families 1 and 2, pneumococcal choline-binding protein A, pneumococcal histidine triad protein D, serine/threonine protein kinase, protein required for cell wall separation of group B streptococcus), 3 proteins from H. influenzae (including protein D) and 5 M. catarrhalis proteins were investigated.
  
  
  
  The study group comprised 38 vaccinated children and 114 age-matched controls (median age: 14.5 vs. 14.6 months, respectively; P = 0.997), all with community-acquired pneumonia. There was no difference on clinical baseline characteristics between vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Vaccinated children had significantly lower levels of antibodies against 4 of the studied pneumococcal antigens (P = 0.048 for Ply, P = 0.018 for pneumococcal surface protein A, P = 0.001 for StkP and P = 0.028 for PcsB) and higher levels of antibodies against M. catarrhalis (P = 0.015). Nevertheless, the vaccination status did not significantly affect the rates of antibody responses against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
  
  
  
  In spite of the differences that have been found on the level of natural antibodies, no effect from pneumococcal vaccination was observed on the rate of immune responses associated with community-acquired pneumonia against protein antigens from S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
authors.affiliation: From the *Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, †Postgraduate Program in Human Pathology, ‡Department of Paediatrics, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador Bahia, Brazil; §DST/NRF Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; ¶Valneva Austria GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 3, Vienna, Austria; ‖Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; **Department of Paediatrics, Turku University and University Hospital, Turku, Finland; ††National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Dafne C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Igor C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.forename: Aldina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ruuskanen
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Käyhty
authors.forename: Cristiana M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nascimento-Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C586648:10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines