title: The flesh ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus exerts anti-inflammatory effects and prevents murine colitis.
abstract: IBD is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by mucosal inflammation and epithelial damage. Biologic therapy has significantly improved the course of the disease but there are still a high percentage of patients that do not respond to current therapies. We aim to determine the effects of the flesh ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus (EH) in a mice model of colitis induced by TNBS.
  
  
  
  Balb/c mice received TNBS (175 mg/kg, 100 μl, i.r.) and six and thirty hours later were administered with EH (1 g/kg, i.p.). Mice were weighted daily and after sacrificing (2 and 4 days after TNBS) we analyzed mucosal histology, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (qPCR) and NF-κB and Iκβ-α protein levels. The chemical characterization of the EH was determined by LC-MS/MS.
  
  
  
  The administration of EH to TNBS-treated mice prevented (P < 0.05) the loss of body weight and significantly reduced in the colon: a) histological damage score, b) MPO enzymatic activity c) the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and d) Iκβ-α degradation and nuclear NF-κβ protein levels. The LC-MS analysis detected metabolites such as polyphenols and fatty acids.
  
  
  
  Systemic administration of the ethanolic extract of H. polyrhizus exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and prevents murine colitis induced by TNBS.
authors.affiliation: FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Dulce C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Macias-Ceja
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cosín-Roger
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Masiá
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calatayud
authors.affiliation: FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Esplugues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: dolores.barrachina@uv.es.
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Barrachina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D029421:Cactaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D000431:Ethanol; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
keywords: Cytokines; Experimental colitis; Hylocereus polyrhizus; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; NF-κB