title: Antigenic Drift of A/H3N2/Virus and Circulation of Influenza-Like Viruses During the 2014/2015 Influenza Season in Poland.
abstract: Morbidity rates of influenza could be greatly reduced due to vaccination. However, the virus is able to evolve through genetic mutations, which is why vaccines with updated composition are necessary every season. Their effectiveness depends on whether there is a good antigenic match between circulating viruses and vaccine strains. In Poland, the 2014/2015 influenza epidemic started in week 5 (January/February) of 2015 and continued until week 17 (April) of 2015. The influenza activity was moderate with the highest incidence of influence-like illness at week 10/2015 (March). During that season, antigenic drift of influenza virus A/H3N2/ occurred causing higher rates of A/H3N2/ infections. Among the 2416 tested specimens, 22.6 % of influenza cases were positive for A/H3N2/, while A/H1N1/pdm09 constituted 14.6 % cases. Influenza A viruses were detected in co-circulation with influenza B viruses; the latter amounted to 34.1 % of all influenza detections. Other detected causes of influenza-like illness consisted of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), being predominant, and, sporadically, human coronavirus, parainfluenza 1-3, rhinovirus, and adenovirus. Despite low vaccine effectiveness of solely one component, A/H3N2/, the vaccine could mitigate or shorten the length of influenza infection and reduce the number of severe outcomes and mortality. Thus, vaccination against influenza remains the most effective way to prevent illness and possibly fatal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska St., 00-791, Warsaw, Poland. kbednarska@pzh.gov.pl.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bednarska
authors.affiliation: Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska St., 00-791, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hallmann-Szelińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska St., 00-791, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondratiuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska St., 00-791, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Brydak
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D058872:Epidemics; D005260:Female; D040961:Genetic Drift; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D018098:Paramyxovirinae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012621:Seasons; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Antigenic drift; Epidemics; Infection; Influenza; Mismatch; Vaccine; Virus