title: Hormetic and anti-inflammatory properties of oxidized phospholipids.
abstract: Oxidized phospholipids are generally recognized as deleterious factors involved in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the data suggesting that under certain biological conditions the opposite is correct, namely that OxPLs can also induce protective effects. Examples that are discussed in the review include upregulation of antioxidant genes, inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways through Nrf2-dependent and -independent mechanisms, antagonism of Toll-like receptors, immuno-modulating and immuno-suppressive action of OxPLs in adaptive immunity and autoimmune disease, activation of PPARs known for their anti-inflammatory action, as well as protective action against lung edema in acute lung inflammation. The data support the notion that oxidation of phospholipids provides a negative feedback preventing damage to host tissues due to uncontrolled inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauerhofer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Philippova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Olga V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Oskolkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Electronic address: valery.bochkov@uni-graz.at.
authors.forename: Valery N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Bochkov
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D059165:Hormesis; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D010743:Phospholipids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Hormesis; Immuno-modulation; Inflammation; Lung barrier; PPAR; TLR