title: Comparison of the AVPU Scale and the Pediatric GCS in Prehospital Setting.
abstract: The pediatric Glasgow coma scale (pGCS) is a consciousness score that, although widely applied, requires skill to apply. The AVPU scale uses four simple categories (Alert; Verbal response; response to Pain; Unresponsive), but has not been studied in a large pediatric population. We compared the performance of the AVPU and pGCS scales in a large pediatric cohort in an acute, prehospital setting.
  
  
  
  In a six-month-long prospective cohort study, AVPU and pGCS scores were determined by emergency physicians in children less than 10 years of age at their first prehospital encounter.
  
  
  
  We included 302 children (median age 2.3 years) with a broad spectrum of diagnoses. Data were complete for 287 children. AVPU and pGCS scores showed good a correlation in the extreme categories A and U (positive predictive values of 98% and 100%, respectively). Corresponding pGCS scores for each AVPU category were as follows: 11-15 for A; 5-15 for V; 4-12 for P; and 3-5 for U. The positive predictive value to detect patients with pGCS ≥ 8 for AVPU category V was 100%.
  
  
  
  We demonstrated good correlation of simple and fast consciousness AVPU scoring to the standard pGCS in a large cohort of pediatric patients in a prehospital setting. The AVPU category "V" identifies patients with a pGCS of or exceeding 8 and, therefore, identifies children at low risk requiring more invasive procedures or intensive care treatment.
  
  
  
  Glasgow coma scale (GCS); Alert-verbal-pain-unresponsive-score; AVPU-score; consciousness assessment; children, pediatric emergency.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmalhofer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimatschek
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reiter
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003243:Consciousness; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005858:Germany; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies