title: Tracking the Correlation Between CpG Island Methylator Phenotype and Other Molecular Features and Clinicopathological Features in Human Colorectal Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The controversy of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in colorectal cancers (CRCs) persists, despite many studies that have been conducted on its correlation with molecular and clinicopathological features. To drive a more precise estimate of the strength of this postulated relationship, a meta-analysis was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search for studies reporting molecular and clinicopathological features of CRCs stratified by CIMP was performed within the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. CIMP was defined by either one of the three panels of gene-specific CIMP markers (Weisenberger panel, classic panel, or a mixture panel of the previous two) or the genome-wide DNA methylation profile. The associations of CIMP with outcome parameters were estimated using odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each study using a fixed effects or random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 29 studies involving 9,393 CRC patients were included for analysis. We observed more BRAF mutations (OR 34.87; 95% CI, 22.49-54.06) and microsatellite instability (MSI) (OR 12.85 95% CI, 8.84-18.68) in CIMP-positive vs. -negative CRCs, whereas KRAS mutations were less frequent (OR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.75). Subgroup analysis showed that only the genome-wide methylation profile-defined CIMP subset encompassed all BRAF-mutated CRCs. As expected, CIMP-positive CRCs displayed significant associations with female (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56-0.72), older age at diagnosis (WMD 2.77; 95% CI, 1.15-4.38), proximal location (OR 6.91; 95% CI, 5.17-9.23), mucinous histology (OR 3.81; 95% CI, 2.93-4.95), and poor differentiation (OR 4.22; 95% CI, 2.52-7.08). Although CIMP did not show a correlation with tumor stage (OR 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82-1.46), it was associated with shorter overall survival (HR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.27-2.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis highlights that CIMP-positive CRCs take their own molecular feature, especially overlapping with BRAF mutations, and clinicopathological features and worse prognosis from CIMP-negative CRCs, suggesting CIMP could be used as an independent prognostic marker for CRCs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Su Bei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiafu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.|Peking-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Guo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Disease, Yangzhou, China.|Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.|Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Duonan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu