title: Impact of anti-inflammatory nutrients on obesity-associated metabolic-inflammation from childhood through to adulthood.
abstract: Obesity-related metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes and CVD share a number of pathological features, one of which is metabolic-inflammation. Metabolic-inflammation results from the infiltration of immune cells into the adipose tissue, driving a pro-inflammatory environment, which can induce IR. Furthermore, resolution of inflammation, an active process wherein the immune system counteracts pro-inflammatory states, may be dysregulated in obesity. Anti-inflammatory nutritional interventions have focused on attenuating this pro-inflammatory environment. Furthermore, with inherent variability among individuals, establishing at-risk populations who respond favourably to nutritional intervention strategies is important. This review will focus on chronic low-grade metabolic-inflammation, resolution of inflammation and the putative role anti-inflammatory nutrients have as a potential therapy. Finally, in the context of personalised nutrition, the approaches used in defining individuals who respond favourably to nutritional interventions will be highlighted. With increasing prevalence of obesity in younger people, age-dependent biological processes, preventative strategies and therapeutic options are important to help protect against development of obesity-associated co-morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics Research Group,UCD Conway Institute,School of Public Health and Population Science,University College Dublin,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Connaughton
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics Research Group,UCD Conway Institute,School of Public Health and Population Science,University College Dublin,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Aoibheann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McMorrow
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Complications Research Centre,UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine,University College Dublin,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Fiona C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: McGillicuddy
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine,Trinity College Dublin,Trinity for Health Sciences,St. James's Hospital,Dublin 8,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Fiona E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lithander
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics Research Group,UCD Conway Institute,School of Public Health and Population Science,University College Dublin,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Roche
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D044623:Nutrition Therapy; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D057285:Precision Medicine; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: AT adipose tissue; Anti-inflammatory nutrients; CRP C-reactive protein; IKK IκB kinase; IR insulin resistance; IRS insulin receptor substrate; JNK c-Jun N-Terminal kinase; LC n-3 PUFA long chain n-3 PUFA; LPS lipopolysaccharide; MetS metabolic syndrome; Metabolic health; NLR nod-like receptor; Obesity; T2D type 2 diabetes; TLR toll-like receptor