title: [Health effects of air pollution in Rome in December 2015].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  in December 2015 Rome has been interested by a peculiar meteorological situation, with atmospheric stability, no rain and little wind. These factors, coupled with the high pollutant emissions typical of the winter pre-Christmas period (increased use of private cars and domestic heating), caused extreme peaks in air pollution concentrations persisting several weeks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  describing daily trends in PM10 over two months, November and December 2015, and their impact on the health of the population of Rome.
  
  
  METHODS
  we analysed PM10 time series in Rome for November and December 2015. We estimated the association between daily PM10 concentrations and daily counts of deaths for natural and cardiorespiratory causes, and urgent hospitalizations/emergency-room visits for cardiorespiratory diseases, by use of Poisson regression models adjusted for time trends, influenza epidemics, and meteorology. These risk estimates have been used to quantify attributable deaths/admissions/visits due to exceedances of daily PM10 concentrations above EU-defined limit values in Rome for the period 29 November-30 December 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rome, November and December 2015; population resident in Rome and deceased or hospitalized/ admitted to emergency rooms in hospitals within the city.
  
  
  METHODS
  daily mortality for natural (0+ years), respiratory (0+) or cardiac (35+) causes; urgent (non-scheduled) hospitalizations or admissions to emergency room visits for respiratory (0+) or cardiac (35+) diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  in December 2015, only three days (10th, 11th, and 26th December) had PM10 concentrations below the EU-limit value of 50 μg/m3. Over the 31 days under analysis (from 29 November to 29 December) we estimated 26 natural deaths attributable to PM10 concentrations above 50 μg/m3. Similarly, we estimated 20 and 30 attributable cases of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations and admissions to emergency room visits, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  monitoring and control of anthropogenic emissions are mandatory in order to minimize the adverse health effects of air pollution, especially during air pollution peaks.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, Sistema sanitario regionale del Lazio, Roma.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, Sistema sanitario regionale del Lazio, Roma.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stafoggia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, Sistema sanitario regionale del Lazio, Roma.
authors.forename: Annunziata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faustini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, Sistema sanitario regionale del Lazio, Roma.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cesaroni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, Sistema sanitario regionale del Lazio, Roma. n.agabiti@deplazio.it.
authors.forename: Nera
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agabiti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, Sistema sanitario regionale del Lazio, Roma.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forastiere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D055873:Extreme Cold / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012384:Rome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide