title: Favourable effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on experimental periodontitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to evaluate, in rats: i) the effects of Bacillus species on the development of experimental periodontitis (EP) via microtomographic, immunological and hematological assays (Experiment 1-E1); ii) the effects of Bacillus species as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of EP via histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses (Experiment 2-E2).
  
  
  METHODS
  In E1, 24 rats were divided into groups C1 (control), PROB1, EP1 and EP-PROB1. In groups with EP, the mandibular first molar of each animal received a ligature for 14 days. In groups PROB1, animals received Bacillus species for 44 days, starting 30 days before EP induction in Group EP-PROB1. In E2, 24 rats were assigned to groups C2 (control), PROB2, EP-SRP2 and EP-SRP-PROB2. In groups with SRP, EP was induced as described in E1. The ligatures were removed after 14 days and SRP was performed. In groups PROB2, animals received Bacillus species for 15 days, starting after SRP in Group EP-SRP-PROB2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In E1, Group EP1 presented bone loss (BL) and eosinophil numbers greater than Group EP-PROB1 (P<0.05). In Group EP-PROB1, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio was similar to that of groups without EP. In E2, Group EP-SRP-PROB2 presented fewer TRAP-positive osteoclasts, lower immunolabeling pattern for a proinflammatory cytokine and decreased BL and attachment loss than Group EP-SRP2 (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacillus species supplementation provided a protective effect against BL and enhanced the effects of SRP in the treatment of EP in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-USP, Av. Café, 14040-904 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: m.messora@forp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Michel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Messora
authors.affiliation: Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foureaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-USP, Av. Café, 14040-904 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz F F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-USP, Av. Café, 14040-904 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sordi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-USP, Av. Café, 14040-904 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana J N
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Street Dr. José Rocha Junqueira, 13, 13045-755 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Napimoga
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Aracatuba, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Street José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Dental School of Aracatuba, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, 16021-900 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ervolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-USP, Av. Café, 14040-904 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia A C
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Furlaneto
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D000069976:Bacillus licheniformis / Q000502:physiology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000502:physiology*; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000382:microbiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D053244:Osteoprotegerin; C506032:Tnfrsf11b protein, rat
keywords: Periodontitis; Probiotics; Rats; Root planing