title: In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) evaluation of the metabolite concentration of optic radiation in primary open angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the metabolite concentration of optic radiation in glaucoma patients with that of healthy subjects using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  1H-MRS utilising the Single-Voxel Spectroscopy (SVS) technique was performed using a 3.0Tesla MRI on 45 optic radiations (15 from healthy subjects, 15 from mild glaucoma patients, and 15 from severe glaucoma patients). A standardised Volume of Interest (VOI) of 20 × 20 × 20 mm was placed in the region of optic radiation. Mild and severe glaucoma patients were categorised based on the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson (HPA) classification. Mean and multiple group comparisons for metabolite concentration and metabolite concentration ratio between glaucoma grades and healthy subjects were obtained using one-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metabolite concentration and metabolite concentration ratio between the optic radiations of glaucoma patients and healthy subjects did not demonstrate any significant difference (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show no significant alteration of metabolite concentration associated with neurodegeneration that could be measured by single-voxel 1H-MRS in optic radiation among glaucoma patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Glaucoma disease has a neurodegenerative component. • Metabolite changes have been observed in the neurodegenerative process in the brain. • Using SVS, no metabolite changes in optic radiation were attributed to glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, University Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. bhkimy_7@hotmail.com.|Medical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sg Buloh Campus, 47000, Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. bhkimy_7@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sabrilhakim
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-9861
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sidek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, University Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlisah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, University Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kartini
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahmat
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlina Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fadzlina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdulrahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, University Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tan Li
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000473:pathology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline
keywords: Glaucoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Metabolites; Neurodegeneration; Spectroscopy