title: Case-based clinical reasoning in feline medicine: 2: Managing cognitive error.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is Article 2 of a three-part series on clinical reasoning that encourages practitioners to explore and understand how they think and make case-based decisions. It is hoped that, in the process, they will learn to trust their intuition but, at the same time, put in place safeguards to diminish the impact of bias and misguided logic on their diagnostic decision-making.
  Article 1, published in the January 2016 issue of JFMS, discussed the relative merits and shortcomings of System 1 thinking (immediate and unconscious) and System 2 thinking (effortful and analytical). This second article examines ways of managing cognitive error, particularly the negative impact of bias, when making a diagnosis. Article 3, to appear in the May 2016 issue, explores the use of heuristics (mental short cuts) and illness scripts in diagnostic reasoning.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, B14, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia paul.canfield@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.affiliation: Chipping Norton Veterinary Hospital, Banbury Road, Chipping Norton, Oxon, OX7 5SY, UK.
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: South Penrith Veterinary Clinic, 126 Stafford Street, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3152, Australia.
authors.forename: Carolyn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Centre for Veterinary Education, B22, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002415:Cats; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D003657:Decision Making; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D013850:Thinking; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000592:standards*