title: The In vitro Effects of Nano-encapsulated Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fermentation Profiles in the Rumen.
abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the stability of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) by nano-encapsulation against in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation by microbial enzymatic conversion. CLAs (free fatty acid form of CLA [CLA-FFA], nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA, triglyceride form of CLA [CLA-TG], and nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were used in the in vitro fermentation experiments. When Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (B. fibrisolvens) was incubated with CLA-FFAs, the concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and vaccenic acid (VA) slightly was decreased and increased by nano-encapsulation, respectively. When B. fibrisolvens was incubated with CLA-TG, the concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA decreased, but these were increased when B. fibrisolvens was incubated with nano-encapsulated CLA-TG. The nano-encapsulation was more effective against the in vitro biohydrogenation activity of B.fibrisolvens incubated with CLA-FFA than with CLA-TG. In the in vitro ruminal incubation test, the total gas production and concentration of total volatile fatty acids incubated with nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA and CLA-TG were increased significantly after 24 h incubation (p<0.05). Nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA might, thus, improve the ruminal fermentation characteristics without adverse effects on the incubation process. In addition, nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA increased the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes and decreased the population of B. fibrisolvens population. These results indicate that nano-encapsulation could be applied to enhance CLA levels in ruminants by increasing the stability of CLA without causing adverse effects on ruminal fermentation.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Eun Tae
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Policy Research and Planning Team, Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology, Seoul 135-513, Korea .
authors.forename: Sung Do
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Seong Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Ha Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Kwang Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Ho Baek
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Cheongwon Green Land, Cheongju 363-820, Korea .
authors.forename: Young Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea .
authors.forename: Sung Sill
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea .
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Biohydrogenation; Conjugated Linoleic Acid; Nano-encapsulation; Rumen Fermentation