title: Prenatal predictors of postpartum depression and postpartum depressive symptoms in Mexican mothers: a longitudinal study.
abstract: Prospective studies on the predictors of postpartum depression (PPD) in Latin America are scarce, which is a matter of importance, since the significance of PPD risk factors may vary according to the level of development of a country, the types of measurement and the time periods assessed. This study identifies the prenatal predictors for PPD (diagnostic interview) and postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) (self-report scale) in Mexican mothers at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Two hundred and ten women were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and various risk factor scales. Univariate logistic regressions showed that social support, marital satisfaction, life events, a history of psychopathology, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, the traditional female role, previous miscarriages/termination of pregnancy and unplanned/unwanted pregnancy were significant predictors for both PPD and PPDS at both assessment times in the postpartum. Education, age, marital status, income, occupation, parity, C-section and resilience were significant for only one of the measurements and/or at just one assessment time. General findings replicate a high- and low-income country observed psychosocial risk profile and confirm a sociodemographic and obstetric profile of vulnerability that is more prevalent in resource-constrained countries. PPD constitutes a high burden for new mothers, particularly for those living in low-middle-income countries who face social disadvantages (such as low educational attainment and income).
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, D.F., México. laracan@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: María Asunción
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nieto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019052:Depression, Postpartum; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008800:Mexico; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Postpartum depression; Postpartum depressive symptoms; Predictors; Prospective study; Risk factors