title: Recombinant Mycoplasma mycoides proteins elicit protective immune responses against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.
abstract: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a devastating respiratory disease mainly affecting cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. The current vaccines are based on live-attenuated Mmm strains and present problems with temperature stability, duration of immunity and adverse reactions, thus new vaccines are needed to overcome these issues. We used a reverse vaccinology approach to identify 66 Mmm potential vaccine candidates. The selection and grouping of the antigens was based on the presence of specific antibodies in sera from CBPP-positive animals. The antigens were used to immunize male Boran cattle (Bos indicus) followed by a challenge with the Mmm strain Afadé. Two of the groups immunized with five proteins each showed protection after the Mmm challenge (Groups A and C; P<0.05) and in one group (Group C) Mmm could not be cultured from lung specimens. A third group (Group N) showed a reduced number of animals with lesions and the cultures for Mmm were also negative. While immunization with some of the antigens conferred protection, others may have increased immune-related pathology. This is the first report that Mmm recombinant proteins have been successfully used to formulate a prototype vaccine and these results pave the way for the development of a novel commercial vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), Kaptagat Rd., Loresho, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nkando
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. Electronic address: jose.perez-casal@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez-Casal
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), Kaptagat Rd., Loresho, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwirigi
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prysliak
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berberov
authors.affiliation: University of Nairobi, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kapenguria Road off Waiyaki Way, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuria
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), Kaptagat Rd., Loresho, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mugambi
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), Kaptagat Rd., Loresho, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soi
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100 Kenya.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liljander
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100 Kenya; Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jores
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100 Kenya.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naessens
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), Kaptagat Rd., Loresho, P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Hezron
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wesonga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000276:immunology*; D011002:Pleuropneumonia, Contagious / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
keywords: CBPP; Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides; Recombinant proteins; Reverse vaccinology; Subunit vaccine