title: A contemporary analysis of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: Is this a risk factor?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) has been considered a risk factor for mortality in cardiac surgery. Among mitral valve surgery (MVS) patients, we sought to determine if severe PHT increases mortality risk and if patients who undergo concomitant tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) incur additional risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative PHT was assessed in 1571 patients undergoing MVS, from 2004 to 2013. Patients were stratified into PHT groups as follows (mm Hg): none (<35); moderate (35-49); severe (50-79); and extreme (≥80). Propensity-score matching resulted in a total of 430 patients, by PHT groups, and 384 patients, by TVS groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with severe PHT had higher mortality, both 30-day (4% PHT vs 1% no PHT, P < .02) and late (defined as survival at 5 years): 75.5% severe versus 91.9% no PHT (P < .001). In propensity-score-matched groups, severe PHT was not a risk factor for 30-day (3% each, P = 1.0) or late mortality (86.2% severe vs 87.1% no PHT; P = .87). TVS did not increase 30-day (4.7% TVS vs 4.2% no TVS, P = .8) or late mortality (78.7% TVS vs 75.3% no TVS, P = .90). Late survival was lower in extreme PHT (75.4% vs no PHT 91.5%, P = .007), and a trend was found in 30-day mortality (11% extreme vs 3% no PHT, P = .16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality in MVS is unaffected by severe PHT or the addition of TVS, yet extreme PHT remains a risk factor. Severe PHT (50-79 mm Hg) should not preclude surgery; concomitant TVS does not increase mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Enter
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Brett F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Adin-Cristian
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Andrei
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: S Chris
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Malaisrie
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Sanjiv J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: pmccart@nm.org.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D057216:Propensity Score; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: mitral valve surgery; pulmonary hypertension; tricuspid valve surgery