title: Roller compaction: Effect of relative humidity of lactose powder.
abstract: The effect of storage at different relative humidity conditions, for various types of lactose, on roller compaction behaviour was investigated. Three types of lactose were used in this study: anhydrous lactose (SuperTab21AN), spray dried lactose (SuperTab11SD) and α-lactose monohydrate 200M. These powders differ in their amorphous contents, due to different manufacturing processes. The powders were stored in a climatic chamber at different relative humidity values ranging from 10% to 80% RH. It was found that the roller compaction behaviour and ribbon properties were different for powders conditioned to different relative humidities. The amount of fines produced, which is undesirable in roller compaction, was found to be different at different relative humidity. The minimum amount of fines produced was found to be for powders conditioned at 20-40% RH. The maximum amount of fines was produced for powders conditioned at 80% RH. This was attributed to the decrease in powder flowability, as indicated by the flow function coefficient ffc and the angle of repose. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was also applied to determine the velocity of primary particles during ribbon production, and it was found that the velocity of the powder during the roller compaction decreased with powders stored at high RH. This resulted in less powder being present in the compaction zone at the edges of the rollers, which resulted in ribbons with a smaller overall width. The relative humidity for the storage of powders has shown to have minimal effect on the ribbon tensile strength at low RH conditions (10-20%). The lowest tensile strength of ribbons produced from lactose 200M and SD was for powders conditioned at 80% RH, whereas, ribbons produced from lactose 21AN at the same condition of 80% RH showed the highest tensile strength. The storage RH range 20-40% was found to be an optimum condition for roll compacting three lactose powders, as it resulted in a minimum amount of fines in the product.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. Electronic address: c.omar@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chalak S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
authors.forename: Ranjit M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dhenge
authors.affiliation: Nestlé SA Headquarters, Avenue Nestlé 55, CH-1800 Vevey, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hounslow
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. Electronic address: a.d.salman@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Agba D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Salman
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006813:Humidity; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D007785:Lactose
keywords: Lactose; Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV); Relative humidity; Ribbon properties; Roller compaction