title: Mortality from Congenital Heart Disease in Mexico: A Problem on the Rise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temporal trends in mortality from congenital heart disease (CHD) vary among regions. It is therefore necessary to study this problem in each country. In Mexico, congenital anomalies were responsible for 24% of infant mortality in 2013 and CHD represented 55% of total deaths from congenital anomalies among children under 1 year of age. The objectives of this study were to analyze the trends in infant mortality from CHD in Mexico (1998 to 2013), its specific causes, age at death and associated socio-demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based study which calculated the compounded annual growth rate of death rom CHD between 1998 and 2013. Specific causes, age at which death from CHD occurred and risk factors associated with mortality were analyzed for the year 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infant mortality from CHD increased 24.8% from 1998 to 2013 (114.4 to 146.4/ 100,000 live births). A total of 3,593 CHD deaths occurred in 2013; the main causes were CHD with left-to-right shunt (n = 487; 19.8/100,000 live births) and cyanotic heart disease (n = 410; 16.7/100,000). A total of 1,049 (29.2%) deaths from CHD occurred during the first week of life. Risk factors associated with mortality from CHD were, in order of magnitude: non-institutional birth, rural area, birth in a public hospital and male sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality from CHD has increased in Mexico. The main causes were CHD with left-to-right shunt, which are not necessarily fatal if treated promptly. Populations vulnerable to death from CHD were identified. Approximately one-third of the CHD occurred during the first week of life. It is important to promote early diagnosis, especially for non-institutional births.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Torres-Cosme
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Constanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rolón-Porras
authors.affiliation: Genetics Department, Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguinaga-Ríos
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pedro Manuel
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Acosta-Granado
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reyes-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murguía-Peniche
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population