title: Early Formation of Serum Advanced Glycation End-Products in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship with Glycemic Control.
abstract: To quantify serum advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus and to determine their potential usefulness as retrospective indicators of glycemic balance.
  
  
  
  Carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 3 groups of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: group (Gr) 1, subjects included at disease onset (n = 36); Gr2, subjects with diabetes of 5 years duration (n = 48); Gr3, subjects with diabetes of 10 years duration and in control subjects (n = 33). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values were recorded over the entire course of treatment for assessing long-term glycemic balance.
  
  
  
  Serum AGE concentrations were increased in all groups of subjects with diabetes compared with control subjects, but were highest in Gr1 (for CML: 0.155, 0.306, 0.219, and 0.224 mmol/mol Lys in control, Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3 subjects, respectively; for pentosidine: 312, 492, 365, and 403 nmol/mol Lys, respectively). AGE concentrations were closely correlated with HbA1c values (r = 0.78 for CML; r = 0.49 for pentosidine). In Gr2 and Gr3, the overall glycemic balance estimated by average HbA1c values was positively correlated with CML and pentosidine concentrations, especially in the first year of follow-up.
  
  
  
  Our results indicate that AGE concentrations are elevated in serum at the time of diabetes mellitus diagnosis, suggesting that the deleterious role of AGEs in the development of long-term complications should be taken into account even at the initial stages of the disease. Moreover, in some circumstances, AGEs could serve as surrogate markers of HbA1c for monitoring glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics Unit 7369, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaisson
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-François
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Souchon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics Unit 7369, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desmons
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delemer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics Unit 7369, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gillery
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced