title: Versatile synthesis of PHMB-stabilized silver nanoparticles and their significant stimulating effect on fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.).
abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known bactericidal agents. However, information about the influence of AgNPs on the morphometric parameters and biochemical status of most important agricultural crops is limited. The present study reports the influence of AgNPs stabilized with cationic polymer polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) on growth, development, and biochemical status of fodder beet Beta vulgaris L. under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. PHMB-stabilized AgNPs were obtained via sodium borohydride reduction of silver nitrate in an aqueous solution. The average diameter of thus prepared AgNPs was 10 nm. It appears that the results of experiments with laboratory-grown beets in the nanosilver-containing medium, where germination of seeds and growth of roots were suppressed, do not correlate with the results of greenhouse experiments. The observed growth-stimulating action of PHMB-stabilized AgNPs can be explained by the change of activity of oxidases and, consequently, by the change of auxins amount in plant tissues. In beets grown in the presence of PHMB-stabilized AgNPs no negative deviations of biological parameters from normal values were registered. Furthermore, the SEM/EDS examination revealed no presence of silver in the tissues of the studied plants.
authors.affiliation: G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33, Internatsionalnaya Street, Tambov 392000, Russia; National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 4, Lenin Avenue, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander А
authors.initials: AА
authors.lastname: Gusev
authors.affiliation: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 1-3 Lenin Hills, Moscow 119991, Russia; Grand Harvest Research International Development Limited, 7 Ronda Doctor Turró, 9-B, Mataró, Barcelona 08303, Spain; National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Academician Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kudrinsky
authors.affiliation: G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33, Internatsionalnaya Street, Tambov 392000, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Zakharova
authors.affiliation: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 1-3 Lenin Hills, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Klimov
authors.affiliation: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 1-3 Lenin Hills, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Pavel M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Zherebin
authors.affiliation: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 1-3 Lenin Hills, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: George V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Lisichkin
authors.affiliation: G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33, Internatsionalnaya Street, Tambov 392000, Russia.
authors.forename: Inna A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vasyukova
authors.affiliation: Grand Harvest Research International Development Limited, 7 Ronda Doctor Turró, 9-B, Mataró, Barcelona 08303, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Denisov
authors.affiliation: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 1-3 Lenin Hills, Moscow 119991, Russia; Grand Harvest Research International Development Limited, 7 Ronda Doctor Turró, 9-B, Mataró, Barcelona 08303, Spain; National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Academician Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russia. Electronic address: yurii@petrol.chem.msu.ru.
authors.forename: Yurii A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Krutyakov
mesh_terms: D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D001645:Biguanides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001645:Biguanides; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; C031233:polihexanide; D012834:Silver; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: Beta vulgaris L.; Colloidal silver; Growth stimulators; Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB); Silver nanoparticles