title: Immunomodulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-derived soluble factors on antigen-presenting cells of healthy blood donors.
abstract: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) cells have been shown to promote type-1 immune responsiveness; however knowledge of immunomodulation of soluble factors secreted by LGG is limited. This is the first study to investigate whether LGG soluble factors promote a comparable immune responsiveness as the bacterial cells. Both treatments - LGG conditioned medium with (CM + LGG) or without (CM) LGG cells, in this study increased expression of several toll-like receptors (TLRs) in all studied cell types and antigen presentation-associated receptor HLA-DR in macrophages and "intermediate" monocytes; but decreased that of activation markers on monocytes and macrophages and production of IL-10, IL-12 and TNFα in macrophages. In co-culture with mononuclear cells, CM increased Th1-type cytokine profile but not as pronounced as CM + LGG. This study suggests that LGG soluble factors exert similar immunomodulatory effects as the intact cells, but cells may be required for optimal type-1 immune responsiveness polarizing capacity of this probiotic strain.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fiona Long Yan
authors.initials: FLY
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirkka V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Kirjavainen
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Nezami
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors