title: Racial and Ethnic Variability in the Prevalence and Incidence of Comorbidities Associated with Gastric Cancer in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comorbidities are known to impact quality of life, treatment choices, and survival. Our objectives were to characterize comorbid conditions in a cohort of elderly gastric cancer patients and to determine if there is variability in the prevalence or incidence of the comorbid conditions across racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12,612 individuals, ≥66 years of age, diagnosed with gastric cancer between 2000 and 2007, and an equal number of gender- and region-matched cancer-free individuals, were identified using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry linked to Medicare claims in the United States. The prevalence (%) in the year before diagnosis and the 12-month incidence rates after diagnosis were estimated for 32 chronic and ten acute comorbid conditions for the entire cohort and by race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, and other) and Asian subgroups (e.g., Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Pacific Islander).
  
  
  RESULTS
  White and Black cases exhibited the highest prevalence of most comorbid conditions. Asian and Pacific Islander cases exhibited the lowest. There was substantial variability in the 12-month incidence of the comorbidities across the racial/ethnic groups. Electrolyte disorder was the most common incident condition among Whites and Blacks. With the exception of Whites, anemia was the most common incident condition in all racial and ethnic groups 180 days following chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is variability in the prevalence and incidence in comorbidities across racial/ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc, Seattle, WA, 98119-3105, USA. lowek@amgen.com.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Outcomes Insights, Westlake Village, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Danese
authors.affiliation: Outcomes Insights, Westlake Village, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gleeson
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Langeberg
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kelsh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D018426:SEER Program; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States
keywords: Comorbidities; Ethnicity; Gastric Cancer; Race; SEER-Medicare