title: Altered expression of major immune regulatory molecules in peripheral blood immune cells associated with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to clarify the alterations of major immune regulators in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cancer patients and to analyze the association with the disease progression in breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 6 healthy volunteers (HVs), 12 primary breast cancer (PBC) patients, and 30 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. The expression of immune regulators such as, CCR6, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD40, CD56, CD80, CTLA4, CXCR4, FOXP3, IDO-1, IDO-2, NKG2D, NRP-1, PD-1, and PD-L1 mRNA in PBMCs was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Analysis of variance with contrasts was performed to find expression patterns of the three groups (HVs, PBC, MBC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We clarified the alterations of mRNA of major immune regulators PD-L1, FOXP3, CD80, CD40, and CD14 in PBMCs of cancer patients and the association of these alternations with disease progression. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression was correlated with serum interferon-γ production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggested that mRNA expressions of PD-L1, FOXP3, CD80, CD40 and CD14 in PBMCs are affected by disease progression. Understanding the roles of these various interactions will be of importance to future studies aiming to uncover biomarkers for predicting response to immune therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. eijis@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Breast cancer; CD40 and PBMCs; CD80; PD-1; PD-L1