title: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii leaves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cecropia glaziovii Sneth leaves extract is widely used as a traditional folk medicine in Brazil, especially for the treatment of diabetes, and as an antihypertensive and antiinflammatory agent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of crude aqueous extract (CAE) of C. glaziovii leaves.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of the CAE (10-300mg/kg, intragastrically) was investigated in the animal model of pleurisy. The cell migration, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), nitrite/nitrate concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and total protein content were also analyzed. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity of CAE was evaluated by the inhibition of formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), induced by free radical generators (H2O2, FeSO4 and AAPH) on a lipid-rich substrate. Hence, the chemical characterizarion of CAE by HPLC was therefore performed. The results showed that the inflammatory process caused by the administration of carragenin (Cg) into the pleural cavity resulted in a substantial increase in inflammatory parameters and oxidative damage. These levels seems to be reversed after CAE treatment in animals with similar results to Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. Further, the CAE was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokines, cell infiltrate, MPO activity, nitrite/nitrate concentration, LDH activity, and total protein levels with concomitant attenuation of all parameters associated with oxidative damage induced by Cg. Finally, the CAE presented in vitro antioxidant activity induced by free radical generators at all the concentrations investigated. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of chlorogenic acid and C-glycosylflavonoids (isoorientin and isovitexin) as the major compounds of the CAE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAE of C. glaziovii exerts significant antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities and this effect can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of chlorogenic acid and the C-glycosylflavonoids.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simony Davet
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Drielly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Florentino
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Flach
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ortmann
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Amélia
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucineia Gainski
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Danielski
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Souza Constantino
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina/UNISUL, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabricia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: flavio.reginatto@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Flavio Henrique
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Reginatto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity; D035702:Cecropia Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Cecropia glaziovii; HPLC; Inflammation; Oxidative damage; Phenolic compounds