title: Correction of severe columella and tip retraction in silicone implanted Asian short noses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Silicone Implants and other alloplastic materials are frequently used in rhinoplasty to augment Asian short noses. However, nasal deformities as a result of implant-related infections are increasing in incidence. The resulting tissue scarrings hinder the application of traditional techniques of lengthening short noses. The following paper presents a technique to correct severe postoperative retractions of the tip and columella caused by silicone implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a retrospective case study of two Asian patients with recurrent acute infections, secondary to silicone dorsum implants, leading to chronic inflammation of the tip and columella. The treatment consisted of implant removal and the immediate nasal reconstruction by combining uni- or bilateral gingivobuccal flaps along with L-shaped costal cartilage grafting. To evaluate the surgical results, various anthropometric measurements, particularly the nasal length (NL) and nasal tip projection (NTP) of pre- and postoperative profile photographs, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful nasal lengthening and correction of columellar retraction were achieved. In case I, postoperative NTP and NL increased by 34.7% and 21.1%, respectively. In case II, NL and NTP increased by 23.8% and 10.6%, respectively. However, case II presented necrosis of the distal extremity of one gingivobuccal flap without rib graft resorption, which later healed by secondary intention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pronounced columellar retraction in severe short noses can be successfully managed with a combination of gingivobuccal flaps along with L-shaped costal cartilage grafting. The use of autologous materials decreases the risk of long-term extrusion through the tip. The gingivobuccal flap provides vascularity to the exposed rib cartilage on the columella and prevents its resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. serkan.sertel@chuv.ch.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. serkan.sertel@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sertel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ioana Irina
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Venara-Vulpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones
keywords: Anthropometric measurement; Augmentation rhinoplasty; Gingivobuccal flap; L-shaped rib cartilage graft; Nasal lengthening; Short nose; Silicone implant