title: Pediatric reference data of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia: Results from a population-based cohort in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum lipid concentrations are thought to be risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and provide sex- and age-related reference values for triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol as well as apolipoproteins A1 and B by using modern analytical approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood and anthropometric data were collected from 2571 subjects of the LIFE Child study, aged between 0.5 and 16years. Age- and gender-related reference intervals (3rd and 97th percentiles) were established by using Cole's LMS method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of TC, LDL-C, TG and ApoB were higher in girls than in boys. In girls TC reached peak levels two years earlier than in boys. Triglyceride levels initially declined until the school age. Until early adolescence there was a steady increase. The LDL-C concentrations in girls and boys followed similar patterns to that of TC. Up to the age of 8years, a continuous increase in HDL levels for both sexes was found. Due to the strong correlation between HDL-C and ApoA1 (r=0.87) or rather between LDL-C and ApoB (r=0.93), the respective percentiles showed very similar patterns. Dyslipidemia prevalence were as follows: increased TC 7.8%, increased LDL 6.1%, increased TG 0-9years 22.1%, increased TG 10-16years 11.7%, and decreased HDL 8.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age- and sex-related trends for all parameters are similar to those of the German KIGGS study. With the exception of HDL cholesterol, the prevalence of dyslipidemias in the German LIFE Child cohort are similar to the US-American prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Leipzig University, LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Centre of Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: anne_dathan@web.de.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dathan-Stumpf
authors.affiliation: Leipzig University, LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Centre of Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: mandy.vogel@life.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Leipzig University, LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Centre of Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.hiemisch@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiemisch
authors.affiliation: Leipzig University, LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: mb-sek-ilm@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thiery
authors.affiliation: Leipzig University, LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: ralph.burkhardt@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.affiliation: Leipzig University, LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: juergen.kratzsch@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kratzsch
authors.affiliation: Leipzig University, LIFE-Child-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Centre of Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: wieland.kiess@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kiess
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: ApoA1; ApoB; HDL; LDL; LIFE-Child; Prevalence dyslipidemia; Reference intervals; Serum lipids; Total cholesterol; Triglycerides