title: Population and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in a pollutants' receiving area in Hangzhou Bay.
abstract: The community structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms is sensitive to various environmental factors, including pollutions. In this study, real-time PCR and 454 pyrosequencing were adopted to investigate the population and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) temporally and spatially in the sediments of an industrial effluent receiving area in the Qiantang River's estuary, Hangzhou Bay. The abundances of AOA and AOB amoA genes fluctuated in 10(5)-10(7) gene copies per gram of sediment; the ratio of AOA amoA/AOB amoA ranged in 0.39-5.52. The AOA amoA/archaeal 16S rRNA, AOB amoA/bacterial 16S rRNA, and AOA amoA/AOB amoA were found to positively correlate with NH4 (+)-N concentration of the seawater. Nitrosopumilus cluster and Nitrosomonas-like cluster were the dominant AOA and AOB, respectively. The community structures of both AOA and AOB in the sediments exhibited significant seasonal differences rather than spatial changes in the effluent receiving area. The phylogenetic distribution of AOB in this area was consistent with the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging the effluent but differed from the Qiantang River and other estuaries, which might be an outcome of long-term effluent discharge.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.|Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Technology and Ecology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314050, China.
authors.forename: Lujun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.|Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China.
authors.forename: Renhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Tianjiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Technology and Ecology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314050, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. dhwen@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D061006:Bays / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia
keywords: 454 Pyrosequencing; Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Effluent receiving area; Hangzhou Bay; Sediment