title: High Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Asymptomatic Individuals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
abstract: Malaria remains a major public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with 14 million cases reported by the WHO Malaria Report in 2014. Asymptomatic malaria cases are known to be prevalent in endemic areas and are generally untreated, resulting in a significant source of gametocytes that may serve as reservoir of disease transmission. Considering that microscopy certainly underestimates the prevalence of Plasmodium infections within asymptomatic carriers and that PCR assays are currently recognized as the most sensitive methods for Plasmodium identification, this study was conducted to weigh the asymptomatic carriage in DRC by a molecular method. Six provinces were randomly selected for blood collection in which 80 to 100 individuals were included in the study. Five hundred and eighty blood samples were collected and molecular diagnosis was performed. Globally, almost half of the samples collected from asymptomatic individuals (280/580; 48.2%) had Plasmodium infections and the most species identified was P. falciparum alone in combination with P. malariae. The high prevalence reported here should interpellate the bodies involved in malaria control in DR Congo to take into account asymptomatic carriers in actions taken and consider asymptomatic malaria as a major hurdle for malaria elimination.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dieudonné Makaba
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mvumbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Thierry Lengu
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bobanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierrette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Mol
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie Ntumba
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kayembe
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Hippolyte Nani-Tuma
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Situakibanza
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Georges Lelo
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Mvumbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Célestin Ndosimao
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Nsibu
authors.affiliation: National Malaria Control Program, P.O. Box Kin XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Solange Efundu
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Umesumbu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hayette