title: Vitamin D and Sunlight Exposure in Newly-Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Circulating vitamin D has previously been found to be lower in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), while the effects of sunlight exposure have not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the associations between serum vitamin D, vitamin D intake, sunlight exposure, and newly-diagnosed PD patients in a Chinese population. This case-control study measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and sunlight exposure in 201 patients with newly-diagnosed PD and 199 controls without neurodegenerative diseases. Data on vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure were obtained using a self-report questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regressions were employed to evaluate the associations between serum 25(OH)D levels, sunlight exposure, and PD. Adjustments were made for sex, age, smoking, alcohol use, education, BMI, and vitamin D intake. There were significantly lower levels of serum 25(OH)D (20.6 ± 6.5 ng/mL), daily vitamin D intake (8.3 ± 3.7 g/day), and sunlight exposure (9.7 ± 4.1 h/week) in patients with PD compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Crude odds ratios (ORs) for PD in the quartiles of serum 25(OH)D were 1 (reference), 0.710 (0.401, 1.257), 0.631 (0.348, 1.209), and 0.483 (0.267, 0.874), respectively. Crude ORs for PD in quartiles of sunlight exposure were 1 (reference), 0.809 (0.454, 1.443), 0.623 (0.345, 1.124) and 0.533 (0.294, 0.966), respectively. A significant positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and sunlight exposure was found, but serum 25(OH)D was not correlated with daily vitamin D intake. This study indicates that lower levels of serum 25(OH)D and sunlight exposure are significantly associated with an increased risk for PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China. wxsyzc@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China. wakeupinfall@126.com.
authors.forename: Deyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China. yuyu_1007@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China. shaogaohai567@163.com.
authors.forename: Gaohai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China. wqb631113@163.com.
authors.forename: Qunbo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013472:Sunlight; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; sunlight exposure; vitamin D