title: Differences in the rheological properties and mixing compatibility with heparinoid cream of brand name and generic steroidal ointments: The effects of their surfactants.
abstract: Most steroidal ointments contain propylene glycol (PG) and surfactants, which improve the solubility of corticosteroids in white petrolatum. Surfactants aid the uniform dispersal of PG within white petrolatum. Since the surfactants used in generic ointments are usually different from those used in brand name ointments, we investigated the effects of surfactants on the rheological properties of three brand name ointments and six equivalent generic ointments. We detected marked differences in hardness, adhesiveness, and spreadability among the ointments. Further examinations of model ointments consisting of white petrolatum, PG, and surfactants revealed that the abovementioned properties, especially hardness and adhesiveness, were markedly affected by the surfactants. Since steroidal ointments are often admixed with moisturizing creams prior to use, we investigated the mixing compatibility of the ointments with heparinoid cream and how this was affected by their surfactants. We found that the ointments containing glyceryl monostearate demonstrated good mixing compatibility, whereas those containing non-ionic surfactants with polyoxyethylene chains exhibited phase separation. These results were also consistent with the findings for the model ointments, which indicates that the mixing compatibility of steroidal ointments with heparinoid cream is determined by the emulsifying capacity of the surfactants in their oily bases.
authors.affiliation: Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yutani
authors.affiliation: Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Rhu-Ichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kodani
authors.affiliation: Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teraoka
keywords: Generic product; HLB, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance; Mixing compatibility; Ointment; PG, propylene glycol; POE, polyoxyethylene; Rheological property; Surfactant