title: Metabolic and transcriptional response of central metabolism affected by root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica under salinity in barley.
abstract: The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica enhances plant adaptation to environmental stress based on general and non-specific plant species mechanisms. In the present study, we integrated the ionomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics data to identify the genes and metabolic regulatory networks conferring salt tolerance in P. indica-colonized barley plants. To this end, leaf samples were harvested at control (0 mM NaCl) and severe salt stress (300 mM NaCl) in P. indica-colonized and non-inoculated barley plants 4 weeks after fungal inoculation. The metabolome analysis resulted in an identification of a signature containing 14 metabolites and ions conferring tolerance to salt stress. Gene expression analysis has led to the identification of 254 differentially expressed genes at 0 mM NaCl and 391 genes at 300 mM NaCl in P. indica-colonized compared to non-inoculated samples. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome analysis indicated that the major and minor carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and ethylene biosynthesis pathway might play a role in systemic salt-tolerance in leaf tissue induced by the root-colonized fungus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghabooli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khatabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hajirezaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. hsalekdeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ghasem Hosseini
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Salekdeh
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D060026:Endophytes / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000502:physiology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D054712:Salinity; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C036216:ethylene; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Endophyte; Metabolomics; Salt stress tolerance; Transcriptomics