title: Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Raramuri people in Chihuahua, Mexico: a community-based study.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and rheumatic diseases in the Raramuri population (also known as Tarahumaras) who are an indigenous group in the northern state of Chihuahua in Mexico. We used the Community-Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) methodology. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted including indigenous Raramuri aged ≥18 years from communities settled in Chihuahua City. Subjects with positive MSK pain were evaluated by primary care physicians and rheumatologists. Demographic and occupational factors such as gender and job type associated with rheumatic disease were investigated. A total of 380 indigenous Raramuri (mean age 33.6 ± 13.1 years; 37.9 % male) were interviewed. Seventy-six individuals (20 %) reported MSK pain in the last 7 days. Pain intensity was reported as "severe" and "the most severe" in 30 % of the cases. Fifty-six individuals (14.7 %) reported pain in the past and 86 (22.6 %) had either past or current pain. The prevalence of rheumatic diseases was 10.5 %. Diagnosed diseases were osteoarthritis (6.6 %), low back pain (1.6 %), spondyloarthritis (0.8 %), rheumatoid arthritis (0.5 %), non-specific arthritis (0.5 %), rheumatic regional pain syndromes (0.3 %), and fibromyalgia (0.3 %). Rheumatic disease was associated with the following variables: age (odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.08; p = 0.006), family history of rheumatic symptoms (OR 6.9; 95 % CI 2.6-18.7; p < 0.001), and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (OR 28.9; 95 % CI 2.8-289.7; p < 0.001). A high prevalence of non-traumatic MSK pain suggests the need for a rheumatic disease prevention program in the Raramuri people in Chihuahua, Mexico.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, C.P. 31240, Chihuahua, CHIH, Mexico.
authors.forename: Danyella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Del Río Nájera
authors.affiliation: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Especialidades Morelos, Chihuahua, Mexico.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, General Hospital of México "Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ingris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peláez-Ballestas
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, C.P. 31240, Chihuahua, CHIH, Mexico.
authors.forename: Susana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: González-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, C.P. 31240, Chihuahua, CHIH, Mexico.
authors.forename: Celia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Quiñonez-Flores
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, C.P. 31240, Chihuahua, CHIH, Mexico. dr.cesarpacheco@gmail.com.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Tena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007197:Indians, Central American; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000208:ethnology*; D057566:Self Report; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
keywords: COPCORD; Indigenous people; Mexico; Musculoskeletal pain; Rheumatic diseases