title: Food environments of young people: linking individual behaviour to environmental context.
abstract: We aimed to identify and characterize the food environments from which young people obtain food and to explore associations between the type of food environment and food intakes.
  
  
  
  Young people (n = 86, mean age 17 years; combined data of two sequential pilot studies (collected in 2008-09) and a study conducted in 2011-12) recorded in 4-day self-complete food diaries what food they consumed and where food was sourced. Nutrient, fruit and vegetable intake was calculated according to the source of food, categorized using a food environment classification tool.
  
  
  
  Over 4 days, respondents sourced food from an average of 4.3 different food environments. Home food was used daily and was more favourable in terms of nutrient profile than out-of-home food. Food sourced from specialist outlets, convenience stores and retail bakers had the highest energy density. Food from retail bakers and 'takeaway and fast food' outlets were the richest sources of fat while vending machines and convenience stores had the highest percentage of energy from sugar.
  
  
  
  This work provides details of 'where' young people obtain food and the nutritional consequences of choosing those food environments. While home food was a significant contributor to total dietary intake, food was obtained from a broad range of environments; particularly takeaway, fast food and education establishments.
authors.affiliation: NSPCC, Centre for Early Child Development, Number One, Bickerstaffe Square, Blackpool, UK.|Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Greenhalgh
authors.affiliation: MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle on Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.|Fuse - UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle on Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.|Fuse - UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle on Tyne, UK.|Centre for Public Policy & Health, School of Medicine, Pharmacy & Health, Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
authors.forename: Amelia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lake
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012147:Restaurants / Q000145:classification
keywords: environment; food and nutrition; young people