title: Assessing Diabetes Self-Management with the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) Can Help Analyse Behavioural Problems Related to Reduced Glycaemic Control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To appraise the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ)'s measurement of diabetes self-management as a statistical predictor of glycaemic control relative to the widely used SDSCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  248 patients with type 1 diabetes and 182 patients with type 2 diabetes were cross-sectionally assessed using the two self-report measures of diabetes self-management DSMQ and SDSCA; the scales were used as competing predictors of HbA1c. We developed a structural equation model of self-management as measured by the DSMQ and analysed the amount of variation explained in HbA1c; an analogue model was developed for the SDSCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The structural equation models of self-management and glycaemic control showed very good fit to the data. The DSMQ's measurement of self-management showed associations with HbA1c of -0.53 for type 1 and -0.46 for type 2 diabetes (both P < 0.001), explaining 21% and 28% of variation in glycaemic control, respectively. The SDSCA's measurement showed associations with HbA1c of -0.14 (P = 0.030) for type 1 and -0.31 (P = 0.003) for type 2 diabetes, explaining 2% and 10% of glycaemic variation. Predictive power for glycaemic control was significantly higher for the DSMQ (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the DSMQ as the preferred tool when analysing self-reported behavioural problems related to reduced glycaemic control. The scale may be useful for clinical assessments of patients with suboptimal diabetes outcomes or research on factors affecting associations between self-management behaviours and glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Theodor-Klotzbücher-Str. 12, 97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Theodor-Klotzbücher-Str. 12, 97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Theodor-Klotzbücher-Str. 12, 97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Department for Psychology, Markusplatz 3, 96047 Bamberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hermanns
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Research, University of Brighton, Falmer, BN1 9PH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Theodor-Klotzbücher-Str. 12, 97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Theodor-Klotzbücher-Str. 12, 97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Theodor-Klotzbücher-Str. 12, 97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Department for Psychology, Markusplatz 3, 96047 Bamberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulzer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000628:therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012648:Self Care; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human