title: Temporal Relationship Between Elevated Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffening Among Middle-Aged Black and White Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: This study assessed the temporal relationship between elevated blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in a biracial (black-white) cohort of middle-aged adults aged 32-51 years from the semirural community of Bogalusa, Louisiana. Measurements of aortic-femoral pulse wave velocity (afPWV; n = 446) and large- and small-arterial compliance (n = 381) were obtained at 2 time points between 2000 and 2010, with an average follow-up period of 7 years. A cross-lagged path analysis model was used to examine the temporal relationship of elevated BP to arterial stiffness and elasticity. The cross-lagged path coefficients did not differ significantly between blacks and whites. The path coefficient (ρ2) from baseline BP to follow-up afPWV was significantly greater than the path coefficient (ρ1) from baseline afPWV to follow-up BP (ρ2 = 0.20 vs. ρ1 = 0.07 (P = 0.048) for systolic BP; ρ2 = 0.19 vs. ρ1 = 0.05 (P = 0.034) for diastolic BP). The results for this 1-directional path from baseline BP to follow-up afPWV were confirmed, although marginally significant, by using large- and small-artery elasticity measurements. These findings provide strong evidence that elevated BP precedes large-artery stiffening in middle-aged adults. Unlike the case in older adults, the large-arterial wall is not stiff enough in youth to alter BP levels during young adulthood.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shengxu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Dianjianyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chin-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bazzano
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Urbina
authors.forename: Hong-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: arterial elasticity; arterial stiffness; blood pressure; longitudinal analysis; temporal relationships