title: Treatment for Vitamin D Deficiency Prior to Bariatric Surgery: a Prospective Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since obesity increases vitamin D deficiency (VDD) risk, bariatric surgery candidates are high-risk. Previously, we documented 71.4% VDD at our center.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate diagnosis and treatment for VDD in our bariatric candidates.
  
  
  METHODS
  25(OH)D, if pending, and supplementation (form, dosing, frequency) were prospectively documented in 265 candidates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candidates were 83.0% female, 48.9% white, age 43 ± 13 years and BMI 46.3 ± 10.5 kg/m(2). 25(OH)D was available for 18.5%: 35.7% VDD 39.3% insufficiency. VDD history did not differ by demographics or procedure, as with those tested versus not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VDD testing was lower than clinically-indicated. Of those tested, 35.7% were deficient and 39.3% insufficient. We previously reported higher rates: 71.4% deficiency, 92.9% insufficiency. Thus, many candidates are untested but high-risk.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. leighpeterson@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Leigh A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-2778
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, The Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 550 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cheskin
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberley E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Dietary supplements; Gastric bypass; Obesity; Vertical sleeve gastrectomy; Vitamin D