title: What rheumatologists should know about orofacial manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
abstract: Orofacial manifestations occur frequently in rheumatic diseases and usually represent early signs of disease or of its activity that are still neglected in clinical practice. Among the autoimmune rheumatic diseases with potential for oral manifestations, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory myopathies (IM), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), relapsing polychondritis (RP) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) can be cited. Signs and symptoms such as oral hyposalivation, xerostomia, temporomandibular joint disorders, lesions of the oral mucosa, periodontal disease, dysphagia, and dysphonia may be the first expression of these rheumatic diseases. This article reviews the main orofacial manifestations of rheumatic diseases that may be of interest to the rheumatologist for diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil. Electronic address: alinelauria@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aline Lauria Pires
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Abrão
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Caroline Menezes
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Barreto
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rivadávio Fernandes Batista de
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariana Branco da
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital Universitário de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Licia Maria Henrique da
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Denise Pinheiro
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Falcão
keywords: Autoimmune rheumatic diseases; Doença periodontal; Doenças reumáticas autoimunes; Lesões bucais; Manifestações orofaciais; Oral lesions; Orofacial manifestations; Periodontal disease; Saliva