title: Utility of the ImPACT test with deaf adolescents.
abstract: The goals of the study included empirical examination of the utility of the Immediate and Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) test with adolescents who are deaf or hard-of-hearing and to investigate patterns of performance at baseline that may arise in the assessment of this population. Baseline assessment of student-athletes has been conducted on a widespread scale with focus on performance of typically developing student-athletes and some clinical groups, though to date no studies have examined adolescents who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.
  
  
  
  Retrospective and de-identified ImPACT baseline test used with deaf and hard-of-hearing high-school student-athletes (N = 143; 66% male, mean age = 16.11) was examined.
  
  
  
  Review indicated significant differences in some composite scores between the deaf and hard-of-hearing group and hearing normative comparisons. A possible marker of task misunderstanding was identified to occur more frequently within the deaf and hard-of-hearing sample (13% in deaf sample vs. .31% in hearing sample).
  
  
  
  Results may provide support for the consideration and use of additional measures to ensure comprehension of task demands when considering this tool for use with deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuropsychology , Kennedy Krieger Institute , Baltimore , MD , USA.|b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reesman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuropsychology , Kennedy Krieger Institute , Baltimore , MD , USA.|b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.affiliation: c Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center , Washington , DC , USA.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carver
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology , Gallaudet University , Washington , DC , USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brice
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuropsychology , Kennedy Krieger Institute , Baltimore , MD , USA.|b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: T Andrew
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zabel
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychology , Saint Joseph's University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schatz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology; D032882:Comprehension; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Hearing loss; baseline assessment; computerized assessment; deaf