title: Monitoring of CRT-D devices during radiation therapy in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using of active cardiac medical devices increases steadily. In Europe, there were 183 implants of ICD and 944 implants of PM, 119 of biventricular ICD and 41 of biventricular PM, all per million inhabitants in 2014. Healthcare environments, including radiotherapy treatment rooms, are considered challenging for these implantable devices. Exposure to radiation may cause the device to experience premature elective replacement indicator, decreased pacing amplitude or pacing inhibition, inappropriate shocks or inhibition of tachyarrhythmia therapy and loss of device function. These impacts may be temporary or permanent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of linear accelerator ionizing radiation dose of 10 Gy on the activity of the biventricular cardioverter-defibrillator in different position in radiation beam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two identical wireless communication devices with all three leads were used for the measurement. Both systems were soused into solution saline and exposed in different position in the beam of linear accelerator per 10 Gy fractions. In comparison of usually used maximum recommended dose of 2 Gy, the radiation doses used in test were five times higher. Using the simultaneous monitoring wireless communication between device and its programmer allowed watching of the devices activities, noise occurrence or drop of biventricular pacing on the programmer screen, observed by local television loop camera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At any device position in radiation beam, there were no influences of the device activity at dose of 10 Gy neither a significant increase of a solution saline temperature in any of the measured positions of CRT-D systems in linear accelerator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study indicated, that the recommendation dose for treating the patients with implantable devices are too conservative and the risk of device failure is not so high. The systems can easily withstand the dose fractions of tens Gy, which would allow current single-dose-procedure treatment in radiation therapy. Even though the process of the random alteration of device memory and electrical components by scatter particles not allowed to specify a safe dose during ionizing radiation, this study showed that the safe limit are above the today used dose fractions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University, Ostrava, Czech Republic. martin.augustynek@vsb.cz.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Augustynek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing, Faculty of Public Policies, Silesian University, Opava, Czech Republic. david.korpas@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Korpas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University, Ostrava, Czech Republic. marek.penhaker@vsb.cz.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penhaker
authors.affiliation: Oncology clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. jakub.cvek@fno.cz.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cvek
authors.affiliation: Oncology clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. BinarovaA@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Binarova
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D059015:Wireless Technology