title: Sleep and wake disorders in shift workers. Part I: Prevalence, clinical phenomena and pathogenesis.
abstract: The present review summarizes the prevalence, clinical phenomena, and pathogenesis of sleep and wake disorders in shift workers. Insomnia and hyper-somnolence occur in more than 50% of shift workers, mainly in association with the night shift. Circadian rhythm disruption is the major determinant of these disorders. Furthermore they are frequently associated with psycho-social problems and somatic diseases. In more than 20% of the shift workers problems are so pronounced, that they fail to adapt to the rotating schedules. This is defined as 'shift maladaptation syndrome'.
authors.affiliation: Centrum voor Klinisch Slaaponderzoek en Dienst Psychiatrie,Universitair Ziekenhuis en Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Roeck
authors.affiliation: Centrum voor Klinisch Slaaponderzoek en Dienst Psychiatrie,Universitair Ziekenhuis en Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Steenkiste
authors.affiliation: Centrum voor Klinisch Slaaponderzoek en Dienst Psychiatrie,Universitair Ziekenhuis en Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cluydts