title: Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Lung Cancer Risk in Non-Hispanic Whites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin responses play a role in carcinogenesis. We evaluated the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), markers of carbohydrate intake and PPG, and lung cancer risk in non-Hispanic whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  GL and GI were assessed among 1,905 newly diagnosed lung cancer cases recruited from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) and 2,413 healthy controls recruited at Kelsey-Seybold Clinics (Houston, TX). We assessed associations between quintiles of GI/GL and lung cancer risk and effect modification by various risk factors. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significant association between GI [5th vs. 1st quintile (Q) OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.21-1.83; P(trend) <0.001] and lung cancer risk and GI(ac) (5th vs. 1st Q OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.20-1.81; P(trend) = 0.001) and lung cancer risk. We observed a more pronounced association between GI and lung cancer risk among never smokers (5th vs. 1st Q OR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.42-3.57), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC; 5th vs. 1st Q OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.30-2.83), and those with less than 12 years of education (5th vs. 1st Q OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.19-2.58, P(interaction) = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that dietary GI and other lung cancer risk factors may jointly and independently influence lung cancer etiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the role of GI in lung cancer could inform prevention strategies and elucidate biologic pathways related to lung cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Stephanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Melkonian
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Carrie R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Yuanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jeanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pierzynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. xwu@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Xifeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D000067940:Glycemic Load / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People