title: Is there a sex difference in fetal behavior? A comparison of the KANET test between male and female fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the sex difference in fetal behavior between male and female fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal behavior was assesed by Kurjak's antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound between 28 and 39 weeks of gestation. Fifty-nine male and 53 female fetuses in middle- and high-class nulliparaous Japanese women were studied. The total value of the KANET score and values of each parameter (eight parameters) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total KANET score was normal in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the total KANET score. When individual KANET parameters were compared, no significant differences were noted in all eight parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that there is no difference in fetal behavior between male and female fetuses in the third trimester of pregnancy. These results suggest that 4D ultrasound study examining fetal behavior does not need to consider the factor of fetal sex.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Uiko
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
authors.forename: Mohamed Ahmed
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mostafa AboEllail
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurjak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005324:Fetal Movement; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods