title: Development of a Murine Infection Model with Leishmania killicki, Responsible for Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in Algeria: Application in Pharmacology.
abstract: In Algeria, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania major, and Leishmania killicki (Leishmania tropica) are responsible for cutaneous leishmaniosis. We established a murine model of L. killicki infection to investigate its infective capacity, some immunophysiopathological aspects, and its suitability for pharmacological purposes. Following the injection of L. major or L. killicki metacyclic promastigotes in the ear dermis of BALB/c mice, the course of infection was followed. The infection with L. killicki caused slower lesion formation than with L. major. The presence of L. killicki or L. major DNA and parasites was detected in the ear dermis and in lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Lesions induced by L. killicki were nonulcerative in their aspect, whereas those caused by L. major were highly ulcerative and necrotic, which matches well with the lesion phenotype reported in humans for L. killicki and L. major, respectively. The treatment of L. killicki lesions by injection of Glucantime® significantly reduced the lesion thickness and parasite burden. Ear dermal injection of BALB/c mice constitutes a model to study lesions physiopathology caused by L. killicki and presents interest for in vivo screening of new compounds against this pathogen, emerging in Algeria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Eco-Épidemiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Route de Petit Staouéli, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria; Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD 224 MiVegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et Biotechnologies, Université Mouloud Mameri de Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.
authors.forename: Naouel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eddaikra
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Eco-Épidemiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Route de Petit Staouéli, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Ihcene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kherachi Djenad
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Eco-Épidemiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Route de Petit Staouéli, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Sihem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benbetka
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Eco-Épidemiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Route de Petit Staouéli, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Razika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benikhlef
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Hassan Badi, BP 161, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Khatima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aït-Oudhia
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et Biotechnologies, Université Mouloud Mameri de Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moulti-Mati
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD 224 MiVegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD 177 InterTryp ("Interactions Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement dans les Maladies Tropicales Négligées dues aux Trypanosomatides"), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oury
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD 224 MiVegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD 177 InterTryp ("Interactions Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement dans les Maladies Tropicales Négligées dues aux Trypanosomatides"), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sereno
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Eco-Épidemiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Route de Petit Staouéli, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Zoubir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Harrat
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D051379:Mice; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013154:Spleen / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate