title: [Acute tibial tubercle avulsion fractures].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tear-off of the apophysis of the proximal tibia is a rare injury (< 1 % of all apophysal lesions). It mainly affects male adolescents (14,6 years). Main causes are concentric and eccentric stress during sport activity. Morbus Osgood-Schlater seems to be a predisposing factor.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Up-to-date survey of pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature research (level III and IV studies) as well as own results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The affected patients are mostly male (97 %), type III fractures are most frequently seen (48 %). Accompanying injuries are not to be missed (10 %). The treatment usually consists of surgery by means of an open reposition and internal refixation, recently also minimal invasi. The results are mainly very good to good, approximately 95 % reach their old level of activity again. Almost one third of the patients develop a mostly slight complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The acute tear-off of the apophysis of the proximal tibia is an infrequent disease. In dislocated injuries the standard procedure is the open reposition and the internal fixation. Lesions within the knee are particularly to be expected in intraarticular fractures und must not be missed. A very good to good result is to be expected with correct treatment, momentous complications are all together rare.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstraße 11, 14165, Berlin, Deutschland. sebastian.reuter@helios-kliniken.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kinderorthopädie und Kindertraumatologie, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstraße 11, 14165, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellerowicz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000071562:Fractures, Avulsion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Adolescents; Avulsion fracture; Children; Injury of tibia epiphysis; Intraarticular fractures; Rupture; Sports injuries