title: Developmental stress and lead (Pb): Effects of maternal separation and/or Pb on corticosterone, monoamines, and blood Pb in rats.
abstract: The level of lead (Pb) exposure in children has decreased dramatically since restrictions on its use were implemented. However, even with restrictions, children are exposed to Pb and still present with cognitive and behavioral deficits. One prominent aspect of the exposome of these children is that many come from low social economic status (SES) conditions, and low SES is associated with stress. In order to compare the combined effects of early stress and Pb, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to vehicle or Pb either alone or in combination with maternal separation stress during brain development (i.e., postnatal day (P)4-P11, P19, or P28). Maternally separated/isolated pups had lower body and thymus weights during exposure and had increased levels of blood Pb compared with vehicle controls. Isolation, but not Pb, affected the response to an acute stressor (standing in shallow water) when assessed on P19 and P29, but not earlier on P11. Interactions of Pb and isolation were found on monoamines in the neostriatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus on turnover but not on levels, and most changes were on dopamine turnover. Isolation had greater short-term effects than Pb. Interactions were dependent on age, sex, and acute stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, United States. Electronic address: amoskroohs@nutrisci.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Robyn M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amos-Kroohs
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. Electronic address: devon.graham@med.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Devon L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. Electronic address: grace.curtis@covance.com.
authors.forename: Curtis E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. Electronic address: amanda.braun@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Amanda A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. Electronic address: tori.schaefer@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Tori L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. Electronic address: matthew.skelton@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Skelton
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. Electronic address: charles.vorhees@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Vorhees
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. Electronic address: michael.williams@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000097:blood*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D007854:Lead; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Acute shallow water stress; Corticosterone; Development; Dopamine; Lead (Pb); Maternal separation; Rat; Serotonin