title: Exercise intensity modulates capillary perfusion in correspondence with ACE I/D modulated serum angiotensin II levels.
abstract: During exercise the renin-angiotensin system is stimulated. We hypothesized that the increase in serum angiotensin II (AngII) levels after exercise is dependent on exercise intensity and duration and secondly that people with the ACE-II genotype will show a higher increase in AngII serum levels. We also assumed that perfusion of upper limbs is transiently reduced with maximal cycling exercise and that subjects with the ACE-II compared to the ACE-ID/DD genotype will have a higher capillary perfusion due to lower AngII levels. Ten healthy subjects completed a maximal exercise test, a 12-min exercise test at ventilatory threshold and a 3-min test at the respiratory compensation point. AngII serum levels and capillary recruitment of the skin in the third finger were measured before and after exercise and breath-by-breath gas exchange during exercise was assessed. Baseline levels of AngII levels were lower prior to the 3-min test which took place on average 5 days after the last exercise. A two-fold increase compared to baseline levels was found for AngII only immediately after the 3-min test and not after the maximal exercise test and 12-min of exercise. Subjects without the I allele showed a decrease in AngII values after the maximal test in contrast to subjects with the ACE-II/ID genotype. Subjects with the ACE-II genotype had a 1.8 times significant higher capillary perfusion in the finger after exercise. A trend was observed for a 34.3% decreased capillary recruitment in the ACE-ID/DD genotype after exercise. We conclude that the rise in AngII after exercise is intensity dependent and that variability in serum AngII and capillary perfusion is related to the ACE I/D polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health (IRM), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Ginkel
authors.affiliation: MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health (IRM), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jorn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woerdeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhees
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serné
authors.affiliation: MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Koning
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health (IRM), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University Hospital Balgrist, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flück