title: Family history in breast cancer in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial cancer includes some types of cancer aggregation without a well-defined inheritance pattern. Cancer genetics is an essential component of clinical practice in oncology. In Brazil, breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women. In Maranhão, studies on genetic predisposition are necessary to investigate the incidence and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to investigate familial cancer among relatives of women who died of breast cancer in São Luís, Brazil, constructing a pedigree to identify families with a hereditary predisposition, an important step in the early diagnosis of malignant tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The city of São Luís is located on the Island of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, with a population of 997,098 inhabitants mainly comprising blacks and mulattoes, including descendants of runaway slaves from the Amazon region itself. Data for pedigree construction were obtained from the records of 54 patients seen at the Aldenora Bello Institute of Oncology, São Luís, between 2000 and 2007, as well as by interview with relatives of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age at diagnosis was 39.5 years. Most women were mulattoes (36/54, 66.6%). A history of cancer was observed in 18 families, with 16 families possessing cases of cancer among first-degree relatives and five among second-degree relatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A concentration of cancer cases was found in families of patients diagnosed until the age of 40, a finding demonstrating the importance of a family history prior to genetic counseling.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Course, State University of Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. cnsd_ma@uol.com.br.|, Rua de Santa Aninha, no 68, Centro, São Luís, MA, CEP 65010-320, Brazil. cnsd_ma@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Maria Hilda Araújo
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Medicine Course, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walbert Edson
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Muniz Filho
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Cyntia Brandão
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Medicine Course, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Duart Martins
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Medicine Course, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Everton
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dulcelena Ferreira
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geusa Felipa
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: de Barros Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Graça Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: de Castro Viana
authors.affiliation: Medicine Course, State University of Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil.|Postgraduation Program in Adult and Child Health, Department of Pathology, Nucleum of Basic and Applied Immunology , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Desterro
authors.initials: Mdo D
authors.lastname: Soares Brandão Nascimento
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010375:Pedigree; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Breast cancer; Epidemiology; Family history