title: Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus, tuberous sclerosis and aggressive natural killer-cell leukaemia: coincidence or correlated?
abstract: Among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) there is an increased risk of haematological malignancies, especially non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the association of SLE with aggressive CD3 negative natural killer (NK)-cell leukaemia has not been reported so far. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with SLE, aggressive NK-cell leukaemia and tuberous sclerosis complex. The prior probability of developing the combination of these three rare diseases by coincidence is extremely low (<10(-13)). Possible underlying immunological, genetic and toxic/environmental pathways are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands marleen.oldebekkink@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olde Bekkink
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ahmed-Ousenkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Netea
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Berden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D054066:Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008179:Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid / Q000150:complications; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Haematological changes; nephritis; systemic lupus erythematosus; tuberous sclerosis