title: Fenofibrate attenuates diabetic nephropathy in experimental diabetic rat's model via suppression of augmented TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibrates, the ligands of peroxisome profileferator-activated receptor-α have been shown to have a renal protective action in diabetic nephropathy (DN).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to elucidate the effect of fenofibrate on renal transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad3 in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were given fenofibrate (100 mg/kg, p.o.). After 12 weeks, diabetic nephropathy biomarkers were assessed. The mRNA expression of collage I and III, TGF-β1 and Smad3 and were detected by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fenofibrate reduced significantly serum creatinine, kidney/body weight ratio, serum albumin excretion Collage I & III, TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results give further insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective role of fenofibrate in DN, suggesting that interference with TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway may be a useful therapeutic approach to prevent DN.
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology and Toxicology Department , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA.
authors.forename: Nouf Mohamed
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology and Toxicology Department , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA.|b Pharmacology Department , College of Pharmacy, Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University , KSA.
authors.forename: Nawal Mohamed
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology and Toxicology Department , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA.
authors.forename: Maha Abdelrahman
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Amin
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology and Toxicology Department , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA.
authors.forename: Iman Huesein
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology and Toxicology Department , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA.
authors.forename: Hanaa Najeeb
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Al-Ajmi
authors.affiliation: c Anatomy Department , Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA , and.
authors.forename: Raeesa Ahmed
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology and Toxicology Department , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA.|d Biochemistry Department , College of Pharmacy, Mansours University , Mansoura , Egypt.
authors.forename: Hala Aboulfotooh
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Attia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497787:Smad3 protein, rat; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D011345:Fenofibrate
keywords: Animals; Smad3; TGF-β1; antibody; diabetic nephropathy; drugs; fenofibrate