title: Juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater.
abstract: To date, numerous studies have shown negative impacts of CO2-acidified seawater (i.e. ocean acidification, OA) on marine organisms, including calcifying invertebrates and fishes; however, limited research has been conducted on the physiological effects of OA on polar fishes and even less on the impact of OA on early developmental stages of polar fishes. We evaluated aspects of aerobic metabolism and cardiorespiratory physiology of juvenile emerald rockcod, ITALIC! Trematomus bernacchii, an abundant fish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, to elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( ITALIC! PCO2 ) [420 (ambient), 650 (moderate) and 1050 (high) μatm ITALIC! PCO2 ] over a 1 month period. We examined cardiorespiratory physiology, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and ventilation rate, whole organism metabolism via oxygen consumption rate and sub-organismal aerobic capacity by citrate synthase enzyme activity. Juvenile fish showed an increase in ventilation rate under high ITALIC! PCO2 compared with ambient ITALIC! PCO2 , whereas cardiac performance, oxygen consumption and citrate synthase activity were not significantly affected by elevated ITALIC! PCO2 Acclimation time had a significant effect on ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and citrate synthase activity, such that all metrics increased over the 4 week exposure period. These results suggest that juvenile emerald rockcod are robust to near-future increases in OA and may have the capacity to adjust for future increases in ITALIC! PCO2  by increasing acid-base compensation through increased ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA todgham@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Todgham
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase
keywords: Antarctica; Cardiorespiratory physiology; Early life stages; Notothenioid; Ocean acidification