title: Nelumbo Nucifera leaf extract attenuated pancreatic β-cells toxicity induced by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, and increased insulin secrection of pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of Nelumbo Nucifera leaf water extract (NNLE) on insulinoma (RIN) cells induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-g (IFN-γ), and injured pancreatic β-cells induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-oxidative effects of NNLE were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. The inhibitory effect of NNLE on α-glucosidase and DPP (dipeptidyl peptidase)-IV was measured in vitro. Pancreatic β-cell protective and insulin secretory effects were assessed, using IL-1β and IFN-γ-induced rat RIN cells. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 50, 100, and 400 mg/kg NNLE for 4 weeks. The effects of NNLE on blood glucose (BG), body weight (BW), and lipid profiles were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NNLE inhibited DPPH, NO, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV which were directly linked to the function of β-cells. Furthermore, NNLE protected RIN cells from toxicity induced by IL-1β and IFN-γ, decreased NO production, and increased insulin secretion. NNLE caused a significant reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, it significantly decreased BW loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that NNLE reduced the toxicity in insulinoma cells and increased insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
authors.forename: Bhesh Raj
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Min Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Rhyu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin; D007371:Interferon-gamma