title: Radiation damage and derivatization in macromolecular crystallography: a structure factor's perspective.
abstract: During, or even after, data collection the presence and effects of radiation damage in macromolecular crystallography may not always be immediately obvious. Despite this, radiation damage is almost always present, with site-specific damage occurring on very short time (dose) scales well before global damage becomes apparent. A result of both site-specific radiation damage and derivatization is a change in the relative intensity of reflections. The size and approximate rate of onset of X-ray-induced transformations is compared with the changes expected from derivatization, and strategies for minimizing radiation damage are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, England.
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, England.
authors.forename: Darren A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sherrell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000379:methods*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000528:radiation effects; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000737:chemistry*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D017452:Receptors, IgG
keywords: macromolecular crystallography; phasing; radiation damage