title: Association of occupational stress factors on nicotine dependence among patients visiting dental care unit of Indo-Tibetian border police force station in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco use is the foremost preventable cause of death and disease in the world today and work strain might be related with nicotine dependence by its provoking effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between occupational stress and nicotine dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional survey was conducted among 200 subjects visiting a satellite dental clinic of Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, India. Nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The extent of the stress factors experienced at work was assessed using the Effort-Reward Imbalance scale (ERI). Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of bivariate analysis revealed association of occupational stress with age, marital status, educational status, level of nicotine dependence, frequency of cigarette smoking and religious attendance. However, multivariate analysis elicited the significant association of occupational stress with only two variables, level of nicotine dependence and frequency of smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational stress was found to be associated with nicotine dependence in the present study implying a need of other tranquil measures to be incorporated for the relief of work related stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Karandeep Singh
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Preety
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Mitali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D016495:Police / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult