title: Making the invisible visible: a qualitative study of the values, attitudes and norms of radiologists relating to radiation safety.
abstract: Some shortcomings regarding safety have emerged in inspections by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority of Swedish radiology departments which perform 5.4 million radiological examinations and 100 000 nuclear scans annually. To ensure safety in the healthcare system and to build a strong environment of radiation protection for patients (and for employees) there must be a strong culture of safety. To understand an organization's behaviour, decisions and actions it is important to study its cultural values. The aims of this study were to discuss how values, attitudes and norms affect radiologists' decisions as well as how they influence the implementation of various radiation protection measures. To investigate this, focus group interviews and in-depth individual interviews were performed in a sample from a number of radiology departments at hospitals in Sweden. The results show that the core value was derived from the patients' perspective with the focus on the knowledge that he or she has come to the healthcare system for a particular reason: to discover disease or, in the best case, to be declared healthy. The majority attitudes were based on experiences associated with aspects that the radiologist could not influence. This often concerns increased pressure on radiology investigations from clinics in the various operational units. Under the concept of norms, the radiologists in the study requested that the development of regulations and guidelines should be connected to issues of justification for various radiological queries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fridell
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekberg
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D000072177:Radiologists; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017751:Safety Management; D013548:Sweden