title: A minireview on N-acetylcysteine: An old drug with new approaches.
abstract: N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine pro-drug and glutathione precursor has been used in therapeutic practices for several decades, as a mucolytic agent and for the treatment of numerous disorders including paracetamol intoxication. There is a growing interest concerning the beneficial effects of NAC against the early stages of toxicity-induced by pesticides. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic and clinical applications of NAC are not fully understood. In this review we aimed to focus on the protective effects of NAC against oxidative stress caused by pesticide in many organs. The possible mechanisms of action may be associated to its antioxidant properties. The anti-oxidative activity of NAC has been attributed to the fast reaction with free radicals as well as the restitution of reduced glutathione (GSH).
authors.affiliation: Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Ecole Supérieure Privée des Ingénieurs et des Etudes Technologiques, Université Arabe des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: dhouib_ines@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elbini Dhouib
authors.affiliation: Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jallouli
authors.affiliation: Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Alya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Annabi
authors.affiliation: Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Najoua
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gharbi
authors.affiliation: Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Saloua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elfazaa
authors.affiliation: Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Montassar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lasram
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011355:Prodrugs; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: GSH; N-acetylcysteine; Nrf2; Oxidative stress; Pesticides