title: Can Vco2-Based Estimates of Resting Energy Expenditure Replace the Need for Indirect Calorimetry in Critically Ill Children?
abstract: Optimal energy provision, guided by measured resting energy expenditure (REE), is fundamental in the care of critically ill children. REE should be determined by indirect calorimetry (IC), which has limited availability. Recently, a novel equation was developed for estimating REE derived from carbon dioxide production (Vco2). The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of this equation in a population of critically ill children following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  
  This is an ancillary study to a larger trial of children undergoing CPB. Respiratory mass spectrometry was used measure oxygen consumption (Vo2) and Vco2. REE was then calculated according to the established Weir equation (REEW) and the modified, Vco2-based equation (REECO2). The agreement between the 2 measurements was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and mixed-model regressions accounting for repeated measures.
  
  
  
  Data from 104 patients, which included 575 paired measurements, were included. The agreement between REEWand REECO2was biased during the 72-hour observation period post CPB, with a mean percentage error between measurements of 11% (±7%). The most important determinant of the bias with the Vco2-based equation was the respiratory quotient (RQ). The percentage error between REEWand REECO2dropped to 4.4% (±2.4%) in those with an RQ between 0.8 and 1. The within-subject variability for RQ in this cohort was wide (11%).
  
  
  
  IC remains the most accurate method to determine the REE of critically ill patients. Widespread availability of Vco2data renders Vco2-based approaches to measurement of REE attractive; however, further research is needed to ensure that REE is estimated accurately.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marialena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mouzaki
authors.affiliation: 2 Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|3 Labatt Family Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: 2 Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Haifa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mtaweh
authors.affiliation: 3 Labatt Family Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Rotta
authors.affiliation: 4 Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kandice
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Dietetics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Joann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herridge
authors.affiliation: 6 Labatt Family Heart Centre, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Arsdell
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Senior Scientist Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Parshuram
authors.affiliation: 2 Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Floh
mesh_terms: D001481:Basal Metabolism; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: critical care; energy expenditure; indirect calorimetry; pediatrics