title: Evolutionary origin of Rosaceae-specific active non-autonomous hAT elements and their contribution to gene regulation and genomic structural variation.
abstract: Transposable elements account for approximately 30 % of the Prunus genome; however, their evolutionary origin and functionality remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified a hAT transposon family, termed Moshan, in Prunus. The Moshan elements consist of three types, aMoshan, tMoshan, and mMoshan. The aMoshan and tMoshan types contain intact or truncated transposase genes, respectively, while the mMoshan type is miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE). The Moshan transposons are unique to Rosaceae, and the copy numbers of different Moshan types are significantly correlated. Sequence homology analysis reveals that the mMoshan MITEs are direct deletion derivatives of the tMoshan progenitors, and one kind of mMoshan containing a MuDR-derived fragment were amplified predominately in the peach genome. The mMoshan sequences contain cis-regulatory elements that can enhance gene expression up to 100-fold. The mMoshan MITEs can serve as potential sources of micro and long noncoding RNAs. Whole-genome re-sequencing analysis indicates that mMoshan elements are highly active, and an insertion into S-haplotype-specific F-box gene was reported to cause the breakdown of self-incompatibility in sour cherry. Taken together, all these results suggest that the mMoshan elements play important roles in regulating gene expression and driving genomic structural variation in Prunus.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, A12, Ruiwangfen, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, A12, Ruiwangfen, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.|Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owiti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, A12, Ruiwangfen, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China. quanj@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China. yphan@wbgcas.cn.|Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China. yphan@wbgcas.cn.
authors.forename: Yuepeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D023281:Genomics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000068239:Prunus persica / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: MITEs; Micro-RNAs; Peach; Prunus; hAT transposon