title: Seasonality in circadian locomotor activity and serum testosterone level in the subtropical tree sparrow (Passer montanus).
abstract: Seasonality in daily locomotor activity pattern was investigated in the subtropical tree sparrow by exposing a group of birds to natural day lengths (NDL) for 30days and another group to 12L/12D for 14days followed by transfer to constant dim light (LLdim) for another 15days in four different seasons of the year. Serum testosterone levels were also measured during different seasons. Sparrows, under NDL, exhibited distinct circadian rhythmicity in their locomotor activity with almost similar general pattern in different seasons that restricted mainly to the light hours. However, they showed season-dependent differences in the characteristics of circadian locomotor activity rhythm. Birds, when exposed to 12L/12D, showed entrainment of their locomotor activity rhythm with the activity confined mainly during the light phase. Though, tau (τ) under free run conditions did not show any significant difference, the activity period varied significantly in different seasons. The highest level of testosterone was recorded in the spring season that corresponded with the maximum locomotor activity in spring months. The seasonality in daily locomotor activity correlates with the seasonal changes in testosterone levels suggesting the influence of gonadal steroids on endogenous circadian system which is indicative of adaptation of tree sparrow to local photoperiodic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India. Electronic address: asdixitnehu@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Anand S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Cotton College State University, Guwahati 781001, India. Electronic address: ssdrajt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Namram S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D008124:Locomotion; D012621:Seasons; D046370:Sparrows / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Circadian; Locomotor activity; Photoperiod; Testosterone; Tree sparrow