title: Nanoparticular surface-bound PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs-a novel class of potentially higher toxic POPs.
abstract: In a previous study, Env Sci Poll Res:1-7, 2015 showed that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzo furanes (PCDFs) are found in commercially available (nano) particular titanium dioxide as a result of the fabrication. Here, we give a brief perspective and reason the toxicity of these new classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by reviewing also their nanoparticular properties, such as surface-to-volume ratio, photocatalytic activity, polarity shifts, and stealth effect. These insights point towards a new class of POPs and toxicologic effects, which are related to the size but not a result of nanotechnology itself. We pave the way to the understanding of until now unresolved very complex phenomena, such as the indoor exposure, formation, and transformation of POP and sick-building syndrome. This is a fundamental message for nanotoxicology and kinetics and should be taken into account when determining the toxicity of nanomaterials and POPs separately and as a combination.
authors.affiliation: NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science, Engineering, and Design, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands.|Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.affiliation: NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science, Engineering, and Design, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands.|Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ctistis
authors.affiliation: NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science, Engineering, and Design, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. g.luthe@saxion.nl.|Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. g.luthe@saxion.nl.|Luthe Pharma, Fabrikstrasse 2, 48599, Gronau, Germany. g.luthe@saxion.nl.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luthe
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Cosmetics; Food additives; Hydroxylated-POPs; Indoor exposure; Nanotoxicology; Pigments; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs); Polychlorinated dibenzo furanes (PCDFs); Radical oxidative stress (ROS); Sick-building syndrome; Stealth effect; Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs); Toxicokinetics