title: Prevalence and risk factors of latent Tuberculosis among adolescents in rural Eastern Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latent Tuberculosis treatment is a key tuberculosis control intervention. Adolescents are a high risk group that is not routinely treated in low income countries. Knowledge of latent Tuberculosis (TB) burden among adolescents may influence policy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We determined the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection among adolescents in rural Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed baseline data from a study that assessed the prevalence and incidence of Tuberculosis disease among adolescents. We extracted socio-demographics, medical assessment information, and tuberculin skin test results and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) of latent TB infection risk factors by binomial regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of latent TB was 16.1%, 95% CI (15.1 - 17.2). Significant risk factors were: a BCG scar, APR 1.29 (95% CI 1.12 - 1.48); male gender, APR 1.37 (95% CI 1.21 - 1.56); age 17 -18 years, APR 1.46 (95% CI 1.24 - 1.71) and 15-16 years, APR 1.25 (95% CI 1.07 - 1.46) compared to 12-14 years; being out of school, APR 1.31 (95% CI 1.05 - 1.62); and a known history of household TB contact in last 2 years, APR 1.91 (95% CI 1.55 - 2.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted routine latent TB treatment among adolescents out of school may be crucial for TB disease control in low income countries.
authors.affiliation: Makerere University School of Public Health, CDC fellowship program; Makerere University, Iganga Mayuge Health Demographic Surveillance Site; Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute; Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mumpe-Mwanja
authors.affiliation: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation; CINIMA, Academic Medical Centre.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verver
authors.affiliation: Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Disease control and Environmental Health.
authors.forename: Adoke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yeka
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etwom
authors.affiliation: Makerere University, Iganga Mayuge Health Demographic Surveillance Site; Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waako
authors.affiliation: Makerere University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology; Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ssengooba
authors.affiliation: Makerere University School of Public Health, CDC fellowship program.
authors.forename: Joseph Kb
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Matovu
authors.affiliation: Makerere University School of Public Health, CDC fellowship program; Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Disease control and Environmental Health.
authors.forename: Rhoda K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wanyenze
authors.affiliation: Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute; Makerere University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health.
authors.forename: Phillipa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.affiliation: Makerere University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine; Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute.
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayanja-Kizza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014454:Uganda
keywords: Adolescents; Latent tuberculosis infection; Risk factors; Tuberculin skin testing; Tuberculosis