title: Bacterial profile of urinary tract infection and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending at Antenatal Clinic in Dil Chora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile of urinary tract infection (UTI) and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending at antenatal clinic in Dil Chora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 18, 2015 to March 25, 2015. Clean-catch midstream urine specimens were collected from 186 pregnant women using sterile containers. Then, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by standard disk diffusion method. Patient information was obtained using pretested structured questionnaire. Data were entered and cleaned using EpiData Version 3 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (Version 16) for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 14%. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent (73%). Escherichia coli (34.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (19.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.4%), and Klebsiella spp. (11.5%) were common bacterial isolates, where most of them were resistant against ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance (resistance in ≥2 drugs) was seen in 100% of the isolated bacteria. A majority of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and gentamicin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found a number of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs from pregnant women with and without symptoms of UTI. Therefore, the early routine detection of causative agents of UTI and determining their drug susceptibility pattern are important for pregnant women to avoid complications in mother and fetus. Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and erythromycin can be used with great care for the empirical treatment of UTI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory, Dil Chora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Behailu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Derese
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Haji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kedir
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Zelalem
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Teklemariam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Fitsum
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weldegebreal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Senthilkumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
keywords: Dil Chora; Dire Dawa; antenatal; multidrug resistant; pregnant; urinary tract infections