title: Comparison of the Effectiveness of Interactive Didactic Lecture Versus Online Simulation-Based CME Programs Directed at Improving the Diagnostic Capabilities of Primary Care Practitioners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnostic errors in primary care contribute to increased morbidity and mortality, and billions in costs each year. Improvements in the way practicing physicians are taught so as to optimally perform differential diagnosis can increase patient safety and lower the costs of care. This study represents a comparison of the effectiveness of two approaches to CME training directed at improving the primary care practitioner's diagnostic capabilities against seven common and important causes of joint pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a convenience sampling methodology, one group of primary care practitioners was trained by a traditional live, expert-led, multimedia-based training activity supplemented with interactive practice opportunities and feedback (control group). The second group was trained online with a multimedia-based training activity supplemented with interactive practice opportunities and feedback delivered by an artificial intelligence-driven simulation/tutor (treatment group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before their respective instructional intervention, there were no significant differences in the diagnostic performance of the two groups against a battery of case vignettes presenting with joint pain. Using the same battery of case vignettes to assess postintervention diagnostic performance, there was a slight but not statistically significant improvement in the control group's diagnostic accuracy (P = .13). The treatment group, however, demonstrated a significant improvement in accuracy (P < .02; Cohen d, effect size = 0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that within the context of a CME activity, a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy can be achieved by the use of a web-delivered, multimedia-based instructional activity supplemented by practice opportunities and feedback delivered by an artificial intelligence-driven simulation/tutor.
authors.affiliation: Dr. McFadden: Associate Vice President, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Office of Professional and Continuing Education. Dr. Crim: Executive Director, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Office of Professional and Continuing Education.
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crim
mesh_terms: D002805:Chondrocalcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards*; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards*