title: Conditional Survival in Anal Carcinoma Using the National Population-Based Survey of Epidemiology and End Results Database (1988-2012).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conditional survival can provide valuable information for both patients and healthcare providers about the changing prognosis in surviving patients over time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study estimated conditional survival for patients with anal cancer in the United States through analysis of a national population-based cancer registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Log-rank test identified significant covariates of cause-specific survival (defined as time from diagnosis until death from anal cancer). Significant covariates were considered in the multivariable regression of cause-specific survival using Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Covariates included cancer stage and demographic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results regions diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma as their first and only cancer diagnosis from 1988 to 2012 were selected from this database, and 5145 patients were included in the retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-year conditional survival stratified by each variable in the final Cox models was measured
  
  
  RESULTS
  : The final multivariable models of overall and cause-specific survivals included stage, grade, sex, age, race, and relationship status. Over the first 6 years after diagnosis, conditional survival of distant stage increased from 37% to 89%, whereas regional stage increased from 65% to 93% and localized stage increased from 84% to 96%. The other variables had increasing prognosis as well, but the subgroups increased at a more similar rate over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data source used does not include information on chemotherapy treatment, patient comorbidities, or socioeconomic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conditional survival showed improvement over time. Patients with advanced stage had the greatest improvement in conditional survival. This is the first study to provide specific conditional survival probabilities for patients with anal cancer.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 2 Department of Math and Statistics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 4 Department of Radiation Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mehee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*