title: Coinfection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in Chickens from Peru.
abstract: The coinfection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in two outbreaks of infectious coryza from Peru is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by bacteriologic isolation, PCR testing, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The susceptibility of the isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested by a disk diffusion method. The isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and florfenicol and were resistant to oxacillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The coinfection of Av. paragallinarum and O. rhinotracheale and the severity of clinical signs were evaluated by experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The group inoculated with O. rhinotracheale alone presented minimal clinical signs in 3 of 10 chickens. However, the groups inoculated with both Av. paragallinarum and O. rhinotracheale induced the most-severe clinical signs compared with the group inoculated with Av. paragallinarum alone. In conclusion, coinfections with Av. paragallinarum and O. rhinotracheale may occur, and these outbreaks could be more severe than single infections. Hence, the prevention, control, and diagnosis of Av. paragallinarum with O. rhinotracheale are important in outbreaks of infectious coryza.
authors.affiliation: A Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50200, México.|D Corresponding author. CIESA, FMVZ, UAEM, Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco km 15.5, Toluca 50200, México.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Morales-Erasto
authors.affiliation: B FARVET S.A.C., Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 198.5, Chincha Alta, Ica, Perú
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falconi-Agapito
authors.affiliation: A Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50200, México.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Luna-Galaz
authors.affiliation: B FARVET S.A.C., Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 198.5, Chincha Alta, Ica, Perú
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Saravia
authors.affiliation: B FARVET S.A.C., Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 198.5, Chincha Alta, Ica, Perú
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montalvan-Avalos
authors.affiliation: A Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50200, México.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soriano-Vargas E
authors.affiliation: B FARVET S.A.C., Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 198.5, Chincha Alta, Ica, Perú
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Díaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens; D060085:Coinfection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D045826:Flavobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D044134:Haemophilus paragallinarum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D045246:Ornithobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010568:Peru; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Avibacterium paragallinarum; Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale; infectious coryza; poultry