title: Multiple levels paravertebral block versus morphine patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative analgesia following breast cancer surgery with unilateral lumpectomy, and axillary lymph nodes dissection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery is not uncommon. Narcotic based analgesia is commonly used for postoperative pain management. However, the side-effects and complications of systemic narcotics is a significant disadvantage. Different locoregional anesthetic techniques have been tried including, single and multiple levels paravertebral block (PVB), which seems to have a significant reduction in immediate postoperative pain with fewer side-effects. The aim of this study was to compare unilateral multiple level PVB versus morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain relief after breast cancer surgery with unilateral lumpectomy and axillary lymph nodes dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients scheduled for breast cancer surgery were randomized to receive either preoperative unilateral multiple injections PVB at five thoracic dermatomes (group P, 20 patients) or postoperative intravenous PCA with morphine (group M, 20 patients) for postoperative pain control. Numerical pain scale, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, Time to first analgesic demand, 24-h morphine consumption side-effects and length of hospital stay were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PVB resulted in a significantly more postoperative analgesia, maintained hemodynamic, more significant reduction in nausea and vomiting, and shorter hospital stay compared with PCA patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple levels PVB is an effective regional anesthetic technique for postoperative pain management, it provides superior analgesia with less narcotics consumption, and fewer side-effects compared with PCA morphine for patients with breast cancer who undergo unilateral lumpectomy, with axillary lymph nodes dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Surgical ICU and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Al Khober, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Summayah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fallatah
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Surgical ICU and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Al Khober, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mousa
keywords: Block; breast; cancer; morphine; paravertebral