title: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) treatment induces apoptosis in cultured rat mesangial cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress activation.
abstract: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a high risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD), has been reported to promote cellular dysfunction via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in various cells. Additionally, increased serum ADMA levels have been observed in incipient kidney diseases. Previously, we reported that activated ER stress is associated with mesangial cell apoptosis, observed mainly in overt nephropathy or chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effect of ADMA on mesangial cell apoptosis is unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of ADMA on mesangial cell apoptosis and ER stress signaling. ADMA treatment increased caspase-3 activity and activated three branches of ER stress signaling (PERK, IRE1, and ATF6) that induce mesangial cell apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibitors of ER stress (inhibitors of PERK, IRE1, and S1P) attenuated ADMA-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and induced a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, these inhibitors diminished the number of apoptotic cells induced by ADMA treatment. Taken together, our results indicated that ADMA treatment induces mesangial cell apoptosis via ER stress signaling. These results suggest that ADMA-induced mesangial cell apoptosis could contribute to the progression of overt nephropathy and CKD.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.|Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Min-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University, Naju, 520-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Gye-Yeop
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.|Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Dong-Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: ADMA; ER stress; apoptosis; chronic kidney disease; mesnagial cell