title: An Examination of the Association between FOXA1 Staining Level and Biochemical Recurrence following Salvage Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standardly collected clinical and pathological patient information has demonstrated only moderate ability to predict risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer in men undergoing salvage radiation therapy (SRT) for a rising PSA after radical prostatectomy (RP). Although elevated FOXA1 staining has been associated with poor patient outcomes following RP, it has not been studied in the specific setting of SRT after RP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between FOXA1 staining level and BCR after SRT for recurrent prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 141 men who underwent SRT at our institution were included. FOXA1 staining levels in primary tumor samples were detected using immunohistochemistry. FOXA1 staining percentage and intensity were measured and multiplied together to obtain a FOXA1 H-score (range 0-12) which was our primary staining measure. P-values ≤ 0.0056 were considered as statistically significant after applying a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was not a significant association between FOXA1 H-score and risk of BCR when considering H-score as an ordinal variable or as a categorical variable (all P ≥ 0.090). Similarly, no significant associations with BCR were observed for FOXA1 staining percentage or staining intensity (all P ≥ 0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FOXA1 staining level does not appear to have a major impact on risk of BCR after SRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tzou
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tracy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Howat
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kreinest
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pisansky
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vallow
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Buskirk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; C496499:FOXA1 protein, human; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha