title: Metabonomic study of the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla as an effective treatment for chronic renal injury in rats.
abstract: Alpinia oxyphylla (Zingiberaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant. Its fruit ("Yi-Zhi-Ren" in Chinese) is used as an anti-diuretic and traditionally used for the treatment of enuresis and reduce urination. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease with the characteristic of the slowly loss of kidney function and has a prevalence of up to 7-10% in adults. Recent advances in its etiology and pathogenesis are providing more speculative hypotheses focused on integral systems. Using a UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomic platform, we explored the changes of metabolic profiling in plasma/urine simultaneously between chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced from adenine excess and the protective effects of A. oxyphylla extract (AOE). The total twenty-one metabolites (twelve in urine and nine in plasma), up-regulated or down-regulated, were identified and contributed to CKD progress. Among these biomarkers, agmatine, CAMP, 7-methylguanine, hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, asparagines, kynurenic acid and p-cresol sulfate were restored back to the control-like level after the treatment of AOE (p<0.05 or 0.01), These findings may be promising to yield a valuable insight into the pathophysiology of CKD and serve as characteristics to explain the mechanisms of AOE.
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China.
authors.forename: Yong-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China.
authors.forename: Yin-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-Die
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, Hainan 571199, PR China. Electronic address: hy_jqzhang@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia; D000818:Animals; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Alpinia oxyphylla; Chronic renal injury; Metabonomic; UPLC–QTOF-MS/MS