title: Overdose Intake of Curcumin Initiates the Unbalanced State of Bodies.
abstract: Curcumin is the major active component of turmeric and widely used as a spice and coloring agent in food. However, its safety evaluation has been little investigated. To evaluate the 90-day subchronic toxicity of curcumin in rats, its general observation, clinical biochemistry, pathology, and metabolomics were evaluated. The results showed that curcumin induced liver injury through the generation of the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and the decreases of the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD and detoxified enzyme GST. Meanwhile, for the self-protection of rats, curcumin treatment activated the transcription of Nrf-2 and elevated the expression of HO-1 to reduce tissue damage. Furthermore, curcumin significantly increased key mRNA levels of HK2, PKM2, LDHA, CES, Cpt1, Cpt2, FASN, and ATP5b and decreased levels of GLUT2 and ACC1 to enhance glycolysis and inhibit lipid metabolism and TCA cycle. Therefore, overdose or long-term intake of curcumin could initiate the unbalanced state of bodies through oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disorders, which induces liver injury. Intermittent administration of curcumin is necessary in our daily lives.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Peiyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Shuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Wenyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis*; D017365:Spices / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: curcumin; metabolomics; oxidative stress; self-protection; subchronic toxicity