title: Is it all in the reward? Peers influence risk-taking behaviour in young adulthood.
abstract: The presence of peers is suggested to increase risk-taking behaviour by heightening response to reward. The current study investigated this using a computerized financial risk-taking task which was performed twice by a group of young adults (n = 201, median age 19.8 years): once alone and once while in the presence of two peers. An overall increase in risk-taking was observed when with peers compared to when alone (CHANGE). CHANGE was positively associated with self-reported levels of reward responsiveness and fun seeking while older age and lack of perseverance were associated with reduced CHANGE. The association between risk-taking when with peers and both resistance to the influence of peers and age was indirect through reward responsiveness. Reward responsiveness was positively associated with impulsiveness. Only in those who showed a peer-related decrease in risk-taking (1/3 of participants), risk-taking in the presence of peers was associated with increased impulsiveness. The current findings suggest an important role for reward responsiveness in risk-taking behaviour and demonstrate the influence of peers. Increased understanding of these processes has direct implications for prevention and intervention efforts. Placing risk-taking behaviour within varying (social) contexts with an eye for differences in personality, development, and emotions provides ample scope for future research.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Renate L E P
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reniers
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beavan
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keogan
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furneaux
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.|Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067074:Peer Influence; D012201:Reward; D012309:Risk-Taking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: age; behavioural control; peer influence; reward; risk-taking; young adult