title: A review of the assessment and prevalence of sedentarism in older adults, its physiology/health impact and non-exercise mobility counter-measures.
abstract: This literature review focuses on aspects of sedentary behaviour (SB) in elderly. Since it has been identified as a distinct health risk, independent of physical activity, SB is a significant issue. This is particularly true for an ageing population as evidence shows that older adults (aged ≥65 years) are the most sedentary age group (on average 8.5-9.6 h daily sitting time). Accurate SB assessment is important for understanding this habitual behaviour and its impact. However, SB measurement is challenging, regardless of the method used. Although negative associations of SB in elderly have been reported for several health outcomes, evidence is inconclusive, apart from the evidence on the adverse SB effect on the all-cause mortality rate. Generally, strategies have been proposed to counteract SB, of which breaking prolonged sedentary bouts with at least light-intensity physical activity seems to be the most promising. Overall, further research in elderly is required to increase the evidence and to either support or refute the current findings. Moreover, further research will help to develop informed SB guidelines for an optimal strategy to counteract SB and its health effects in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU, UK.
authors.forename: Jorgen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wullems
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sabine M P
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Verschueren
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.|Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Degens
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU, UK. g.pearson@mmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gladys L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Onambélé
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015444:Exercise; D000070497:Healthy Lifestyle; D006801:Humans; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: Ageing physiology; Musculoskeletal; Older adults; Physical activity; Sedentary behaviour