title: Dynamic biomaterials: toward engineering autonomous feedback.
abstract: Dynamic biomaterials are biocompatible engineered systems capable of sensing and actively responding to their surrounding environment. They are of growing interest, both as models in basic research to understand complex cellular systems and in medical applications. Here, we review recent advances in nano-scale and micro-scale biomaterials, specifically artificial cells consisting of compartmentalized biochemical reactions and biologically compatible hydrogels. These dynamic biomaterials respond to stimuli through triggered reactions, reaction cascades, logic gates, and autonomous feedback loops. We outline the advances and remaining challenges in implementing such 'smart' biomaterials capable of autonomously responding to environmental stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, USA. Electronic address: cmtan@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Cheemeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels