title: Comparative analyses of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression between the ray florets and leaves in chrysanthemum.
abstract: Light is one of the key environmental factors that affect anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear, and many problems regarding phenotypic change and corresponding gene regulation have not been solved. In the present study, comparative analyses of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression between the ray florets and leaves were performed in Chrysanthemum × morifolium 'Purple Reagan'. After contrasting the variations in the flower color phenotype and relative pigment content, as well as expression patterns of structural and regulator genes responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis and photoreceptor between different plant organs under light and dark conditions, we concluded that (1) both the capitulum and foliage are key organs responding to light for chrysanthemum coloration; (2) compared with flavones, shading makes a greater decrease on the anthocyanins accumulation; (3) most of the structural and regulatory genes in the light-induced anthocyanin pathway specifically express in the ray florets; and (4) CmCHS, CmF3H, CmF3'H, CmANS, CmDFR, Cm3GT, CmMYB5-1, CmMYB6, CmMYB7-1, CmbHLH24, CmCOP1 and CmHY5 are key genes for light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum ray florets, while on the transcriptional level, the expressions of CmPHYA, CmPHYB, CmCRY1a, CmCRY1b and CmCRY2 are insignificantly changed. Moreover, the inferred comprehensive effect of multiple signals on the accumulation of anthocyanins and transmission channel of light signal that exist between the leaves and ray florets were further discussed. These results further our understanding of the relationship between the gene expression and light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis, and lay foundations for the promotion of the molecular breeding of novel flower colors in chrysanthemums.
authors.affiliation: College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Meng-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China. Electronic address: silandai@sina.com.
authors.forename: Si-Lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D003116:Color; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008027:Light; D009928:Organ Specificity; D055519:Photoreceptors, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010858:Pigmentation; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D055519:Photoreceptors, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Anthocyanin; Chrysanthemum; Floral development; Gene expression; Light; Photoreceptor