title: First results on small ruminant brucellosis and tuberculosis and caprine arthritis-encephalitis in El Salvador.
abstract: This paper reports a first-time study performed in El Salvador on the presence or absence of antibodies to three important animal diseases in small ruminants. The work was conducted in the west and central departments of the country, selecting 42 and 43 cantons with an existing sheep and goat population, respectively. Serum samples were collected from 396 sheep and 335 goats and tested for seropositivity to Brucella (B.) spp. The specimens from goats were also tested for antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus. Four (1 %) sheep and none of the goats were seropositive by Rose Bengal test. All animals were negative by indirect ELISA (iELISA) for B. abortus. All animals were negative by iELISA for CAE. A total of 383 sheep and 330 goats underwent the single intradermal cervical tuberculin (SICT) test for tuberculosis. Seventy (18 %) sheep and 43 (13 %) goats reacted to the SICT test. Those reactors were subjected to the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test, and one (0.3 %) goat was deemed to be a positive reactor. No mycobacteria were diagnosed in concluding analyses, and further studies are considered necessary to determine the prevalence of the investigated diseases. Additionally, it is recommended that small ruminants should be included in the national eradication program on bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis to prevent potential reservoirs.
authors.affiliation: Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (OIRSA), Headquarters, Calle Ramón Belloso, Final Pasaje Isolde, Edeficio OIRSA, Colonia Escalón, San Salvador, El Salvador. klinderot@gmail.com.|Institute of Food Hygiene, Center of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig , An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. klinderot@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linderot de Cardona
authors.affiliation: Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (OIRSA), Headquarters, Calle Ramón Belloso, Final Pasaje Isolde, Edeficio OIRSA, Colonia Escalón, San Salvador, El Salvador.|OIRSA Representation in Panama, Área Social de Clayton, Calle Hocker, Casa 1012 A-B, Panama City, Panama.
authors.forename: Abelardo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Gracia Scanapieco
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Hygiene, Center of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig , An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Peggy G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D016088:Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002002:Brucella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004544:El Salvador / Q000453:epidemiology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D006041:Goats; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial
keywords: Brucellosis; Caprine arthritis-encephalitis; El Salvador; Small ruminants; Tuberculosis