title: Disrupted functional brain connectome in unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
abstract: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is generally defined as sensorineural hearing loss of 30 dB or greater over at least three contiguous audiometric frequencies and within a three-day period. This hearing loss is usually unilateral and can be associated with tinnitus and vertigo. The pathogenesis of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss is still unknown, and the alterations in the functional connectivity are suspected to involve one possible pathogenesis. Despite scarce findings with respect to alterations in brain functional networks in unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss, the alterations of the whole brain functional connectome and whether these alterations were already in existence in the acute period remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations of brain functional connectome in two large samples of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients and to investigate the correlation between unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss characteristics and changes in the functional network properties. Pure tone audiometry was performed to assess hearing ability. Abnormal changes in the peripheral auditory system were examined using conventional magnetic resonance imaging. The graph theoretical network analysis method was used to detect brain connectome alterations in unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Compared with the control groups, both groups of unilateral SSNHL patients exhibited a significantly increased clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency but a significantly decreased characteristic path length. In addition, the primary increased nodal strength (e.g., nodal betweenness, hubs) was observed in several regions primarily, including the limbic and paralimbic systems, and in the auditory network brain areas. These findings suggest that the alteration of network organization already exists in unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients within the acute period and that the functional connectome of unilateral SSNHL patients is characterized by a shift toward small-worldization. Additionally, we hope that these findings will help to elucidate unilateral SSNHL through a new research perspective and provide insight for the potential pathophysiology of unilateral SSNHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China. Electronic address: xuhaibo1120@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: fanwenliang168@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: yaner_323@126.com.
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: lijing80603@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: juan_364@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: leiping_rosemary@126.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: 309105825@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: ahahwang@163.com.
authors.forename: Haha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: chhmao@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Huamao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: shihong5510@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D063132:Connectome; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003639:Hearing Loss, Sudden / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014717:Vertigo / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Connectome; Graph theory; Resting-state fMRI; Unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss