title: Effects of acrolein on aldosterone release from zona glomerulosa cells in male rats.
abstract: A positive correlation between smoking and hypertension has been well established. Acrolein is a major toxic volatile compound found in cigarette smoke. Human exposure to low levels of acrolein is unavoidable due to its production in daily activities, such as smoke from industrial, hot oil cooking vapors, and exhaust fumes from vehicles. The toxicity and the action mechanism of acrolein to induce apoptosis have been extensively studied, but the effects of acrolein on hypertension are still unknown. The present study aimed to examine the effects of acrolein on aldosterone release both in vivo and in vitro. Male rats were divided into three groups, and intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, or acrolein (2mg/kg) for 1 (group A-1) or 3 (group A-3) days, respectively. After sacrificing, rat blood samples were obtained to measure plasma aldosterone and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. Zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells were prepared from rat adrenal cortex, and were incubated with or without stimulants. We found that the serum aldosterone was increased by 1.2-fold (p<0.05) in A-3 group as compared to control group. Basal aldosterone release from ZG cells in A-3 group was also increased significantly. Moreover, acrolein enhanced the stimulatory effects of Ang II and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP on aldosterone secretion from ZG cells prepared in both A-1 and A-3 groups. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of P450scc, the rate-limiting step of aldosterone synthesis, was elevated after acrolein injection. Plasma level of Ang II was increased in both A-1 and A-3 groups. These results suggested that acrolein exposure increased aldosterone production, at least in part, through elevating the level of plasma Ang II and stimulating steroidogenesis pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Lee
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ching
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jou-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sindy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11283, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Kong
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11283, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Ho
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: State Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timacova Street, 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Idova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan. Electronic address: pswang3879@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paulus S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan. Electronic address: swwang@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shyi-Wu
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011284:Pregnenolone / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015384:Zona Glomerulosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D011284:Pregnenolone; D000171:Acrolein
keywords: Acrolein; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Cigarette smoke; Rat zona glomerulosa