title: The posttraumatic stiff elbow: an update.
abstract: Posttraumatic elbow stiffness is a disabling condition that remains challenging to treat despite improvement of our understanding of the pathogenesis of posttraumatic contractures and new treatment regimens. This review provides an update and overview of the etiology of posttraumatic elbow stiffness, its classification, evaluation, nonoperative and operative treatment, and postoperative management.
authors.affiliation: Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 2100, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Jos J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mellema
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneluuk L C
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lindenhovius
authors.affiliation: Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 2100, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. jjupiter1@partners.org.
authors.forename: Jesse B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jupiter
keywords: Contracture; Elbow; Posttraumatic; Release; Stiffness