title: Changes in the Functional Potential of the Gut Microbiome Following Probiotic Supplementation during Helicobacter Pylori Treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Probiotic supplementation is utilized to alleviate the side effects associated with antibiotic therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Several studies have described the effects of administration of probiotics on the gut microbiota during antibiotic therapy. However, most of these studies have focused on specific bacteria, thereby providing limited information on the functional roles of the altered microbiota. Therefore, we examined the impact of probiotic supplementation on the structure and functional dynamics of the gut microbiota during H. pylori eradication, using whole-metagenomic sequence analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were divided into two groups: the antibiotics group, which received only antibiotics, and the probiotics group, which received antibiotics with probiotic supplementation. The structural and functional profiles of gut microbiota was analyzed using metagenomic DNA extracted from the feces during treatment by Illumina MiSeq system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall alterations in microbiota, as revealed by whole metagenome sequencing, were similar with results from our previous 16S rRNA gene-based analysis. The proportional shift in functional gene families was greater in the antibiotics group than in the probiotics group. In particular, the proportion of genes related to selenocompound metabolism was reduced in the probiotics group, whereas genes associated with the metabolism of nucleotide sugars were increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional alterations of gut microbiota may link to the reduction in intestinal irritation and maintenance of bacterial diversity observed following probiotic supplementation with antibiotic therapy. The potential beneficial roles of altered gut microbiota following probiotic supplementation are expected a reduction in side effects such as intestinal irritation and antibiotics resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bumjo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2468-0755
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056186:Metagenomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Whole metagenome sequence; functional profile; gut microbiota; probiotics