title: Photorespiratory glycolate-glyoxylate metabolism.
abstract: Photorespiration is one of the major carbon metabolism pathways in oxygen-producing photosynthetic organisms. This pathway recycles 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG), a toxic metabolite, to 3-phosphoglycerate when ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) uses oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. The photorespiratory cycle is in competition with photosynthetic CO2 fixation and it is accompanied by carbon, nitrogen and energy losses. Thus, photorespiration has become a target to improve crop yields. Moreover, during the photorespiratory cycle intermediate metabolites that are toxic to Calvin-Benson cycle and RuBisCO activities, such as 2-PG, glycolate and glyoxylate, are produced. Thus, the presence of an efficient 2-PG/glycolate/glyoxylate 'detoxification' pathway is required to ensure normal development of photosynthetic organisms. Here we review our current knowledge concerning the enzymes that carry out the glycolate-glyoxylate metabolic steps of photorespiration from glycolate production in the chloroplasts to the synthesis of glycine in the peroxisomes. We describe the properties of the proteins involved in glycolate-glyoxylate metabolism in Archaeplastida and the phenotypes observed when knocking down/out these specific photorespiratory players. Advances in our understanding of the regulation of glycolate-glyoxylate metabolism are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Institut of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Younès
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dellero
authors.affiliation: Institut of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jossier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany michael.hodges@u-psud.fr veronica.maurino@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Veronica G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Maurino
authors.affiliation: Institut of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France michael.hodges@u-psud.fr veronica.maurino@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006016:Glycolates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006038:Glyoxylates / Q000378:metabolism*; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D063245:Plant Development / Q000502:physiology; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006016:Glycolates; D006038:Glyoxylates; C031149:glycolic acid; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; C031150:glyoxylic acid
keywords: 2-Phosphoglycolate; glycolate; glycolate oxidase; glyoxylate; metabolism; photorespiration.