title: Occupational exposure in the removal and disposal of asbestos-containing materials in Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A great variety of asbestos-containing materials are present in both residential and work settings because of the widespread use made in the past, and many occupational activities still entail the risk of asbestos exposure in Italy, more than 2 decades after the total national ban, mainly those involved in the removal and disposal of asbestos. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level and extent of asbestos exposure in Italy between the years 1996-2013 in the sector of asbestos abatement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from firm registries of asbestos-exposed workers and descriptive statistics were calculated for exposure-related variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 15,860 measurements of asbestos exposure were selected from the national database of registries, mostly referring to the construction sector (N = 11,353). Despite the mean exposure levels are low, the air concentration of asbestos fibers measured during these activities may overcome the action level established by the Italian legislation and, in a limited number of cases, can exceed even the occupational limit value. Among occupations at higher risk, there are also garbage collectors and insulation workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Starting from the analysis of the Italian database of occupational exposure registries, this study outlines the current levels of asbestos exposure in abatement-related sectors, discussing their possible implications for public health policies and surveillance programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy. a.scarselli@inail.it.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarselli
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corfiati
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Marzio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D001194:Asbestos / Q000032:analysis*; D060389:Construction Industry; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009790:Occupations; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012042:Registries
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001194:Asbestos
keywords: Asbestos; Database; Exposure assessment; Italy; Occupational health