title: Nighttime dissolution in a temperate coastal ocean ecosystem increases under acidification.
abstract: Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are causing ocean acidification, lowering seawater aragonite (CaCO3) saturation state (Ω arag), with potentially substantial impacts on marine ecosystems over the 21(st) Century. Calcifying organisms have exhibited reduced calcification under lower saturation state conditions in aquaria. However, the in situ sensitivity of calcifying ecosystems to future ocean acidification remains unknown. Here we assess the community level sensitivity of calcification to local CO2-induced acidification caused by natural respiration in an unperturbed, biodiverse, temperate intertidal ecosystem. We find that on hourly timescales nighttime community calcification is strongly influenced by Ω arag, with greater net calcium carbonate dissolution under more acidic conditions. Daytime calcification however, is not detectably affected by Ω arag. If the short-term sensitivity of community calcification to Ω arag is representative of the long-term sensitivity to ocean acidification, nighttime dissolution in these intertidal ecosystems could more than double by 2050, with significant ecological and economic consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Lester
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gaylord
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923, USA.|Department of Earth &Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923, USA.|Department of Earth &Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hosfelt
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923, USA.|Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Kristy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kroeker
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Yana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nebuchina
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ninokawa
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923, USA.|Department of Earth &Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Ann D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923, USA.
authors.forename: Emily B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rivest
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sesboüé
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caldeira
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis*; D057486:Carbon Cycle; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D017753:Ecosystem; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002119:Calcium Carbonate