title: Screening of the anthocyanin profile and in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition by anthocyanin-containing extracts of fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The phytotherapic treatment of overweight and/or moderate obesity is growing widely, thus there is a great interest towards the phenolic compounds of fruits and vegetables which may inhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme. In this study, we report the chemical composition and in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of 13 freeze-dried anthocyanin-containing extracts of different Mediterranean plants: fruits (blood orange, pomegranate, blackberry, mulberry and sumac), citrus by-products (blood orange peel), citrus vegetative tissues (young lemon shoots); vegetables (red cabbage and violet cauliflower), legume seeds (black bean), cereals (black rice), and cereal processing by-products (black rice hull). Total phenols and anthocyanins were determined. Individual anthocyanins were identified by UHPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed a wide variation in the distribution of anthocyanin compounds. Blood orange and pomegranate juice extracts had the highest total anthocyanin content and exhibited the strongest inhibition of pancreatic lipase in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibitory activity was positively correlated with anthocyanin content. In appropriate formulations, anthocyanin-containing extracts could find a use as anti-obesity agents. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabroni
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ballistreri
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amenta
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale, Italy.
authors.forename: Flora V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale, Italy. paolo.rapisarda@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rapisarda
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D020799:Pancrelipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020799:Pancrelipase
keywords: Mediterranean plants; UHPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn; anthocyanins; obesity; pancreatic lipase; phytoextracts