title: Proteome profiling of the growth phases of Leishmania pifanoi promastigotes in axenic culture reveals differential abundance of immunostimulatory proteins.
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a term that encompasses a compendium of neglected tropical diseases caused by dimorphic and digenetic protozoan parasites from the genus Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). The clinical manifestations of neotropical cutaneous leishmaniasis (NCL) caused by Leishmania pifanoi and other species of the "Leishmania mexicana complex" mainly correspond to anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL), which is the origin of considerable morbidity. Despite the outstanding advances in the characterization of the trypanosomatid genomes and proteomes, the biology of this species has been scarcely explored. However, the close relation of L. pifanoi to the sequenced species L. mexicana and others included in the "L. mexicana complex" allowed us to perform a two-dimension electrophoresis (2DE) approach to the promastigote proteome at the differential expression level. Protein identifications were performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). This insight has revealed similarities and differences between L. pifanoi and other species responsible for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Interestingly, certain proteins that were previously described as immunostimulatory (elongation factor 1β, trypanothione peroxidase, heat shock protein 70, enolase, GDP-forming succinyl-CoA and aldehyde dehydrogenase) are more abundant in the final growth stages of promastigotes (late-logarithmic and/or stationary phase) in the case of L. pifanoi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections and Service of Proteomics and Genomics, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: pjalcolea@cib.csic.es.
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Alcolea
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections and Service of Proteomics and Genomics, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: amalonso@cib.csic.es.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections and Service of Proteomics and Genomics, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: fragata@cib.csic.es.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Tabares
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mcmena@cnb.csic.es.
authors.forename: María Del Carmen
authors.initials: MDC
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: sciordia@cnb.csic.es.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciordia
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections and Service of Proteomics and Genomics, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: vlarraga@cib.csic.es.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Larraga
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis*; D061245:Axenic Culture; D007891:Leishmania / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D020543:Proteome; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D020543:Proteome; D015800:Protozoan Proteins
keywords: 2DE; Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Differential gene expression; Elongation factor 1β; Enolase; Leishmania pifanoi; MALDI-TOF/TOF; Tryparedoxin peroxidase; hsp70