title: Studying the Complex Communities of Ants and Their Symbionts Using Ecological Network Analysis.
abstract: Ant colonies provide well-protected and resource-rich environments for a plethora of symbionts. Historically, most studies of ants and their symbionts have had a narrow taxonomic scope, often focusing on a single ant or symbiont species. Here we discuss the prospects of studying these assemblies in a community ecology context using the framework of ecological network analysis. We introduce three basic network metrics that we consider particularly relevant for improving our knowledge of ant-symbiont communities: interaction specificity, network modularity, and phylogenetic signal. We then discuss army ant symbionts as examples of large and primarily parasitic communities, and symbiotic sternorrhynchans as examples of generally smaller and primarily mutualistic communities in the context of these network analyses. We argue that this approach will provide new and complementary insights into the evolutionary and ecological dynamics between ants and their many associates, and will facilitate comparisons across different ant-symbiont assemblages as well as across different types of ecological networks.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065; email: aivens@rockefeller.edu , vonbeeren@arcor.de , dkronauer@rockefeller.edu.
authors.forename: Aniek B F
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ivens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065; email: aivens@rockefeller.edu , vonbeeren@arcor.de , dkronauer@rockefeller.edu.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Beeren
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; email: bluethgen@bio.tu-darmstadt.de.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blüthgen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065; email: aivens@rockefeller.edu , vonbeeren@arcor.de , dkronauer@rockefeller.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel J C
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kronauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017753:Ecosystem; D013559:Symbiosis
keywords: community ecology; mutualism; myrmecophiles; network analysis; parasitism; symbiosis