title: Effects of sodium sulfate on the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii: implications for the optimization of algal culture media.
abstract: The study of the microalgal growth kinetics is an indispensable tool in all fields of phycology. Knowing the optimal nutrient concentration is an important issue that will help to develop efficient growth systems for these microorganisms. Although nitrogen and phosphorus are well studied for this purpose, sulfur seems to be less investigated. Sulfate is a primary sulfur source used by microalgae; moreover, the concentration of this compound is increasing in freshwater systems due to pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different sodium sulfate concentrations in the culture medium on growth and growth kinetics of the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii. Production of biomass, chl content, kinetic equations, and a mathematical model that describe the microalgal growth in relation with the concentration of sodium sulfate were obtained. The lowest concentration of sodium sulfate allowing optimal growth was 0.1 mM. Concentrations higher than 3 mM generated a toxic effect. This work demonstrates that this toxic effect was not directly due to the excess of sulfate ion but by the elevation of the ionic strength. An inhibition model was successfully used to simulate the relationship between specific growth rate and sodium sulfate in this microalga.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, La Coruña, 15008, Spain.
authors.forename: Roi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mera
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, La Coruña, 15008, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-8013
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, La Coruña, 15008, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abalde
mesh_terms: D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005618:Fresh Water; D007700:Kinetics; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D013431:Sulfates; C012036:sodium sulfate; D002734:Chlorophyll
keywords: Chlamydomonas moewusii; culture medium; growth; ionic strength; kinetics; sodium sulfate; substrate inhibition