title: Mammals consumed by bonobos (Pan paniscus): new data from the Iyondji forest, Tshuapa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
abstract: Findings of regional variations in the behavioral patterns of non-human primates have led to the vigorous study of animal traditions (or culture), which contribute to a biological understanding of diversity in human cultures. Although our knowledge of behavioral variations of the bonobo (Pan paniscus) is limited compared with its sister species, the chimpanzee (P. troglodytes), variations in the prey of this species have been reported across study sites. This study describes evidence of mammals consumed by bonobos in the Iyondji site, which was established in 2010. We found evidence that Iyondji bonobos consumed duikers (Cephalophus dorsalis, C. monticola) and diurnal monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius), which is notable because only anomalures (Anomalurus spp.) are consumed by bonobos in Wamba, a long-term study site established in 1973, located in an area adjacent to Iyondji. Moreover, bonobos do not transfer between the two populations due to the river between the sites. According to our census of duikers and diurnal monkeys, Iyondji bonobos appeared to encounter diurnal monkeys more frequently than did Wamba bonobos. Although humans have apparently had a more pronounced impact on the habitats in Wamba than on those in Iyondji, it remains unclear how such environmental conditions may have contributed to the differences in the prey consumed by bonobos in different sites. Our findings suggest that additional research at various sites could reveal the nature of the variations in the behavior of bonobos.
authors.affiliation: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan. sakamaki.tetsuya.8v@kyoto-u.ac.jp.|Wamba Committee for Bonobo Research, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan. sakamaki.tetsuya.8v@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamaki
authors.affiliation: University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Science, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Maloueki
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Ecology and Forestry, Ministry of Scientific Research, Mabali, Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Batuafe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bakaa
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Ecology and Forestry, Ministry of Scientific Research, Mabali, Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo.|NGO Forêt des Bonobos, Iyondji, Djolu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Lingomo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bongoli
authors.affiliation: NGO African Wildlife Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Phila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kasalevo
authors.affiliation: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.|Wamba Committee for Bonobo Research, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuichi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D065928:Forests; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000145:classification*; D019974:Pan paniscus / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Bonobo; Iyondji; Meat eating; Prey; Variations in behaviors