title: Nutcracker syndrome and deep venous thrombosis in a patient with duplicated inferior vena cava.
abstract: Duplicated inferior vena cava is a rare anomaly, and thrombosis in one or both segments is even less frequent. We present a case of deep venous thrombosis of the left lower limb involving the popliteal, femoral, and iliac veins as well as the left segment of the duplicated vena cava and nutcracker syndrome. After catheter-directed thrombolysis complemented by mechanical thrombolysis, the compromised veins had complete revascularization; the nutcracker syndrome was treated with stent placement, followed by the use of anticoagulants. There was technical success and complete recovery of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedics of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: ricardoyoshida@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo de Alvarenga
authors.initials: Rde A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedics of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Winston Bonetti
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedics of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Fanchiotti
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Souto
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nacif
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedics of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcone Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sobreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedics of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Gibin
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Jaldin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D013577:Syndrome; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants