title: The Association between Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass density and destruction of microstructure, which can lead to an increased risk of fracture. Although many studies have been published about the relationship between end-stage renal disease and osteoporosis, research on the relationship between proteinuria and the prevalence of osteoporosis is still lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 91 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes who visited our hospital from January 2009 to January 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 91 patients, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 35.2% (32 cases) and 32.9% (30 cases) according to bone mineral density. The patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] ≥ 30) had a significantly higher incidence of osteoporosis compared to subjects with normoalbuminuria (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that UACR may be a useful biomarker for increased risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes who have been linked to higher UACR levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ye Yeon
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Byul
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyu Min
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Andong Medical Group Hospital, Andong, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Chan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Albumins; Creatinine; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Osteoporosis postmenopausal