title: Fate of antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes during enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by microwave pretreatment.
abstract: The fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated during the sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) with microwave-acid (MW-H), microwave (MW) and microwave-H2O2-alkaline (MW-H2O2) pretreatments. Results showed that combined MW pretreatment especially for the MW-H pretreatment could efficiently reduce the ARB concentration, and most ARG concentrations tended to attenuate during the pretreatment. The subsequent AD showed evident removal of the ARB, but most ARGs were enriched after AD. Only the concentration of tetX kept continuous declination during the whole sludge treatment. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA during the pretreatment and AD. Compared with unpretreated sludge, the AD of MW and MW-H2O2 pretreated sludge presented slightly better ARB and ARGs reduction efficiency.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Jibao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Xiaotang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Meixue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: yswei@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuansong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D002681:China; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008872:Microwaves; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Anaerobic digestion (AD); Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB); Antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs); Biochemical methane potential (BMP); Combined microwave pretreatment