title: Letter-sound processing deficits in children with developmental dyslexia: An ERP study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The time course during letter-sound processing was investigated in children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and typically developing (TD) children using electroencephalography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight children with DD and 25 TD children participated in a visual-auditory oddball paradigm. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by standard and deviant stimuli in an early (100-190 ms) and late (560-750 ms) time window were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the early time window, ERPs elicited by the deviant stimulus were delayed and less left lateralized over fronto-temporal electrodes for children with DD compared to TD children. In the late time window, children with DD showed higher amplitudes extending more over right frontal electrodes. Longer latencies in the early time window and stronger right hemispheric activation in the late time window were associated with slower reading and naming speed. Additionally, stronger right hemispheric activation in the late time window correlated with poorer phonological awareness skills.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deficits in early stages of letter-sound processing influence later more explicit cognitive processes during letter-sound processing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identifying the neurophysiological correlates of letter-sound processing and their relation to reading related skills provides insight into the degree of automaticity during letter-sound processing beyond behavioural measures of letter-sound-knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Kristina.Moll@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasko
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Groth
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartling
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulte-Körne
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011932:Reading; D013016:Sound; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Developmental dyslexia; ERP; Late negativity; Letter-sound processing; MMN