title: Beyond HbA1c: Environmental Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy affects 4.2 million people in the United States and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged people. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, cost-effective interventions to decrease blindness from diabetic retinopathy will be paramount. While HbA1cand duration of disease are known risk factors, they account for only 11% of the risk of developing microvascular complications from the disease. The assessment of environmental risk factors for diabetic eye disease allows for the determination of modifiable population-level challenges that may be addressed to facilitate the end of blindness from diabetes.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen Harris
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nwanyanwu
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Paula-Anne
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Newman-Casey
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lim
keywords: Diabetes; Diabetic retinopathy; Retina