title: Sequencing and comparative analyses of the genomes of zoysiagrasses.
abstract: Zoysiais a warm-season turfgrass, which comprises 11 allotetraploid species (2n= 4x= 40), each possessing different morphological and physiological traits. To characterize the genetic systems of Zoysia plants and to analyse their structural and functional differences in individual species and accessions, we sequenced the genomes of Zoysia species using HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. As a reference sequence of Zoysia species, we generated a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of Z. japonica accession 'Nagirizaki' (334 Mb) in which 59,271 protein-coding genes were predicted. In parallel, draft genome sequences of Z. matrella 'Wakaba' and Z. pacifica 'Zanpa' were also generated for comparative analyses. To investigate the genetic diversity among the Zoysia species, genome sequence reads of three additional accessions, Z. japonica'Kyoto', Z. japonica'Miyagi' and Z. matrella'Chiba Fair Green', were accumulated, and aligned against the reference genome of 'Nagirizaki' along with those from 'Wakaba' and 'Zanpa'. As a result, we detected 7,424,163 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 852,488 short indels among these species. The information obtained in this study will be valuable for basic studies on zoysiagrass evolution and genetics as well as for the breeding of zoysiagrasses, and is made available in the 'Zoysia Genome Database' at http://zoysia.kazusa.or.jp.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gondo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Genki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Melody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muguerza
authors.affiliation: Plant Technology Group, Biotechnology & Afforestation Laboratory, New Business Planning Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1099 Marune, Kurozasa-cho, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0201, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Plant Technology Group, Biotechnology & Afforestation Laboratory, New Business Planning Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1099 Marune, Kurozasa-cho, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0201, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.affiliation: Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-2-33 Higashi-nodamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0024, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-2-33 Higashi-nodamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0024, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigeki
authors.affiliation: Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-2-33 Higashi-nodamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0024, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan shuseis@ige.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shusei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D006109:Poaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: Zoysia; comparative analysis; gene prediction; genome sequencing; turfgrass