title: Carcinoid heart disease: Diagnosis and management.
abstract: Hedinger syndrome refers to carcinoid valvular heart disease. The disease is believed to be triggered by vasoactive substances that result in valvular fibrosis. It classically occurs in patients with metastatic carcinoid and preferentially involves the right sided cardiac valves. Affected valves become thickened and retracted, exhibiting regurgitation and sometimes, stenosis. Echocardiography is recommended in patients with carcinoid syndrome and a follow up study is advisable in those who develop a murmur or other symptoms or signs of valvular heart disease. For appropriately selected patients, valve replacement surgery appears to improve outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: luis.sushil@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Sushil A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Luis
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: pellikka.patricia@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pellikka
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002275:Carcinoid Heart Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Hedinger syndrome; carcinoid; echocardiography; valves