title: Spatial Heterogeneity of Cortical Excitability in Migraine Revealed by Multifrequency Neuromagnetic Signals.
abstract: To investigate the spatial heterogeneity of cortical excitability in adolescents with migraine, magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings at a sampling rate of 6,000 Hz were obtained from 35 adolescents with an acute migraine and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants during an auditory-motor task. Neuromagnetic activation from low- to high-frequency ranges (5-1,000 Hz) was measured at sensor and source levels. The heterogeneity of cortical excitability was quantified within each functional modality (auditory vs motor) and hemispherical lateralization. MEG data showed that high-frequency, not low-frequency neuromagnetic signals, showed heterogeneous cortical activation in migraine subjects compared with control participants (P < .001). The alteration of the heterogeneity of cortical excitability in migraine subjects was independent of age and sex. The degree of the neuromagnetic heterogeneity of cortical activation was significantly correlated with headache frequency (r = .71, P < .005). The alteration of cortical excitability in migraine subjects was spatially heterogeneous and frequency dependent, which previously has not been reported. The finding may be critical for developing spatially targeted therapeutic strategies for normalizing cortical excitability with the purpose of reducing headache attacks.
  
  
  
  This article presents a new approach to quantitatively measure the spatial heterogeneity of cortical excitability in adolescents with migraine using MEG signals in a frequency range of 5 to 1,000 Hz. The characteristics of the location and degree of cortical excitability may be critical for spatially targeted treatment for migraine.
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. Electronic address: Jing.xiang@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leiken
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Xinyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Degrauw
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Janelle R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kacperski
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Hope L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Marielle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kabbouche
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; MEG Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hershey
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Migraine; cortical excitability; headache; high-frequency oscillations; magnetoencephalography