title: Inhibiting ethylene perception with 1-methylcyclopropene triggers molecular responses aimed to cope with cell toxicity and increased respiration in citrus fruits.
abstract: The ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been critical in understanding the hormone's mode of action. However, 1-MCP may trigger other processes that could vary the interpretation of results related until now to ethylene, which we aim to understand by using transcriptomic analysis. Transcriptomic changes in ethylene and 1-MCP-treated 'Navelate' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) oranges were studied in parallel with changes in ethylene production, respiration and peel damage. The effects of compounds modifying the levels of the ethylene co-product cyanide and nitric oxide (NO) on fruit physiology were also studied. Results suggested that: 1) The ethylene treatment caused sub-lethal stress since it induced stress-related responses and reduced peel damage; 2) 1-MCP induced ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent responsive networks; 3) 1-MCP triggered ethylene overproduction, stress-related responses and metabolic shifts aimed to cope with cell toxicity, which mostly affected to the inner part of the peel (albedo); 4) 1-MCP increased respiration and drove metabolism reconfiguration for favoring energy conservation but up-regulated genes related to lipid and protein degradation and triggered the over-expression of genes associated with the plasma membrane cellular component; 5) Xenobiotics and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) might act as signals for defense responses in the ethylene-treated fruit, while their uncontrolled generation would induce processes mimicking cell death and damage in 1-MCP-treated fruit; 6) ROS, the ethylene co-product cyanide and NO may converge in the toxic effects of 1-MCP.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: bestables@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Establés-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: ciepro@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: Paco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: ballesterar@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: Ana-Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: lgonzalez@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Candelas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: mtlafuente@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: María T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lafuente
mesh_terms: D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003486:Cyanides / Q000378:metabolism; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005638:Fruit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015262:Xenobiotics; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C036216:ethylene; C412563:1-methylcyclopropene
keywords: 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP); Ethylene; Non-climacteric fruits; Oxidative stress; Respiration; Xenobiotics