title: Hepatitis Vaccines.
abstract: Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem all over the world. However, the reduction of the morbidity and mortality due to vaccinations against hepatitis A and hepatitis B has been a major component in the overall reduction in vaccine preventable diseases. We will discuss the epidemiology, vaccine development, and post-vaccination effects of the hepatitis A and B virus. In addition, we discuss attempts to provide hepatitis D vaccine for the 350 million individuals infected with hepatitis B globally. Given the lack of a hepatitis C vaccine, the many challenges facing the production of a hepatitis C vaccine will be shown, along with current and former vaccination trials. As there is no current FDA-approved hepatitis E vaccine, we will present vaccination data that is available in the rest of the world. Finally, we will discuss the existing challenges and questions facing future endeavors for each of the hepatitis viruses, with efforts continuing to focus on dramatically reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with these serious infections of the liver.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pediatric Liver Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, CMSC 2-125, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. sogholi1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogholikhan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pediatric Liver Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, CMSC 2-125, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. kschwarz@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Kathleen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Schwarz
keywords: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E; vaccines