title: The emerging role of interferon regulatory factor 9 in the antiviral host response and beyond.
abstract: The host response to viral infections relies on tightly regulated and intricate signaling pathways involving type I interferons (IFN-Is). The IFN-Is mediate their antiviral effects predominantly through a signaling factor complex that comprises the transcription factors, interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT2. While STAT1 and STAT2 have been studied extensively, the biological significance of IRF9 is only beginning to emerge. Recent studies have revealed a unique role for IRF9 as a conductor of the cellular responses to IFN-Is. Intriguingly, novel roles for IRF9 outside of the antiviral response are also being identified. Thus IRF9 may have a more extensive influence on cellular processes than previously recognized, ranging from antiviral immune responses to oncogenesis and gut homeostasis. In this review, we will focus on the distinct and emerging roles of IRF9 in the antiviral host response and beyond.
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre and the Bosch Institute, Maze Crescent G08, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: tsup5163@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suprunenko
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre and the Bosch Institute, Maze Crescent G08, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: markus.hofer@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D050834:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit / Q000276:immunology*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C494227:IRF9 protein, human; D050834:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; C494084:STAT2 protein, human
keywords: Antiviral immunity; Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9); Non-canonical interferon signaling; Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT); Type I interferon signaling