title: Specific mosaic KRAS mutations affecting codon 146 cause oculoectodermal syndrome and encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis.
abstract: Oculoectodermal syndrome (OES) and encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) are rare disorders that share many common features, such as epibulbar dermoids, aplasia cutis congenita, pigmentary changes following Blaschko lines, bony tumor-like lesions, and others. About 20 cases with OES and more than 50 patients with ECCL have been reported. Both diseases were proposed to represent mosaic disorders, but only very recently whole-genome sequencing has led to the identification of somatic KRAS mutations, p.Leu19Phe and p.Gly13Asp, in affected tissue from two individuals with OES. Here we report the results of molecular genetic studies in three patients with OES and one with ECCL. In all four cases, Sanger sequencing of the KRAS gene in DNA from lesional tissue detected mutations affecting codon 146 (p.Ala146Val, p.Ala146Thr) at variable levels of mosaicism. Our findings thus corroborate the evidence of OES being a mosaic RASopathy and confirm the common etiology of OES and ECCL. KRAS codon 146 mutations, as well as the previously reported OES-associated alterations, are known oncogenic KRAS mutations with distinct functional consequences. Considering the phenotype and genotype spectrum of mosaic RASopathies, these findings suggest that the wide phenotypic variability does not only depend on the tissue distribution but also on the specific genotype.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boppudi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.|Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bögershausen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hove
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Percin
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dvorsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayhan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.|Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cursiefen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tantcheva-Poor
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lissewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jakubiczka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.|Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wollnik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Heindl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. martin.zenker@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenker
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003062:Codon; D003884:Dermoid Cyst / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008068:Lipomatosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020752:Neurocutaneous Syndromes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
keywords: KRAS; encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis; mosaic RASopathy; oculoectodermal syndrome; somatic mutation