title: Age at Menarche and Gallstone Disease in Middle-Aged Women.
abstract: The goal of this study was to explore the association between age at menarche and gallstone disease (GSD) in Korean women and to determine whether any of the observed associations were mediated by adult adiposity. A cross-sectional study was performed on 83 275 Korean women, aged 30 years or older, who underwent a health checkup examination between March 2011 and April 2013. Information regarding age at menarche was collected using standardized, self-administered questionnaires. Gallstone disease was defined as either having gallstones or having had a cholecystectomy based on ultrasound. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between age at menarche and GSD. Of the 83 275 women evaluated in this study, 3341 had GSD. Age at menarche was negatively associated with the prevalence of GSD. In a multivariable-adjusted model adjusting for potential confounders including reproductive factors and body weight at age 20, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for GSD comparing menarche at <12, 12, 14, 15, and 16 to 18 years to menarche at 13 years were 1.46 (1.23-1.75), 1.19 (1.04-1.35), 0.97 (0.87-1.09), 0.92 (0.82-1.03), and 0.89 (0.78-1.02), respectively (P for trend <.001). Adjusting for adult body mass index or percentage fat mass (%) partially reduced these associations; however, they remained statistically significant. Early menarche was associated with increasing prevalence of GSD in a large sample of middle-aged women. The findings of this study extend the range of adverse health outcomes associated with early menarche and suggest that obesity prevention strategies could be useful for reducing the risk of GSD in women who experience early menarche.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea sh703.yoo@gmail.com yoosoo.chang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seungho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoosoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Kyoung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kye-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Juhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Chul
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hocheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Seong
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008572:Menarche; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: age at menarche; early menarche; gallstone disease; obesity