title: Soy Protein Supplementation Reduces Clinical Indices in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical trials have studied the use of soy protein for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MS). The purpose of this study was to outline evidence on the effects of soy protein supplementation on clinical indices in T2D and MS subjects by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases up to March 2015 for RCTs. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the fixed-and-random-effects model. A total of eleven studies with eleven clinical variables met the inclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The meta-analysis showed that fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [weighted mean difference (WMD), -0.207; 95% CI, -0.374 to -0.040; p=0.015], fasting serum insulin (FSI) (WMD, -0.292; 95% CI, -0.496 to -0.088; p=0.005), homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (WMD, -0.346; 95% CI, -0.570 to -0.123; p=0.002), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD, -0.230; 95% CI, -0.441 to -0.019; p=0.033), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD, -0.304; 95% CI, -0.461 to -0.148; p=0.000), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD, -0.386; 95% CI, -0.548 to -0.225; p=0.000), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD, -0.510; 95% CI, -0.722 to -0.299; p=0.000) are significant reduced with soy protein supplementation, compared with a placebo control group, in T2D and MS patients. Furthermore, soy protein supplementation for longer duration (≥6 mo) significantly reduced FPG, LDL-C, and CRP, while that for a shorter duration (<6 mo) significantly reduced FSI and HOMA-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soy protein supplementation could be beneficial for FPG, FSI, HOMA-IR, DBP, LDL-C, TC, and CRP control in plasma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China. ximei1119@126.com.
authors.forename: Xi-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Teaching Experiment Center of Morphology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
authors.forename: Mei-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013025:Glycine max
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Soy; blood glucose; body weight; diabetes; lipid