title: [Prevalence of Gastroschisis, Omphalocele, Spina Bifida and Orofacial Clefts of Neonates from January 2000 to December 2010 in Leipzig, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Germany].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malformations are the most common cause of death in infancy. Numerous studies indicate an increased prevalence of malformations in neonates in recent years in some countries around the world. This study analyzed local and national trends of the prevalences of gastroschisis, omphalocele, spina bifida and orofacial clefts during 2000 till 2010 in Leipzig, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of neonatal malformations was studied retrospectively from January 2000 till December 2010 using 4 sources from Leipzig, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Germany.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2000 and 2010, the prevalence in Germany and in Saxony, respectively was 1.97/2.12 (gastroschisis), 1.63/1.48 (omphalocele), 5.80/8.11 (orofacial clefts) and 2.92/2.50 (spina bifida) of 10 000 live births. In Saxony, a small increase in prevalence was detected (OR/year: 1.01-1.09). In Germany, the prevalence of malformations also increased significantly (OR/year: 1.01-1.04) with the exception of the prevalence of spina bifida which seemed to decline (OR/year 0.986 (0.97-1.0), p-adjust=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whether or not there has been an actual increase in the prevalence of neonatal malformations in Germany over the years or the apparent increase is just due to bias, coding errors, multiple reporting and/or false registration and codification remains unclear. Importantly, in Germany, since prevalence of malformations is monitored prospectively only in Saxony-Anhalt and Rhineland-Palatinate, only in these states is it possible to recognize recent changes. For early identification of changes in prevalence and timely implementation of preventive measures, a nationwide register or additional regional registers are deemed necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department für Frauen- und Kindermedizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Leipzig.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.affiliation: Department für Frauen- und Kindermedizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Leipzig.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kiess
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Department für Frauen- und Kindermedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Selbstständige Abteilung für Neonatologie, Leipzig.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thome
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Department für Frauen- und Kindermedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Selbstständige Abteilung für Neonatologie, Leipzig.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knüpfer
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Department für Frauen- und Kindermedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Leipzig.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bühligen
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, LIFE - Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Leipzig.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Sächsische Landesärztekammer, Qualitätssicherung, Dresden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Statistischen Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen, Forschungsdatenzentrum der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, Dresden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Janisch
authors.affiliation: Fehlbildungsmonitoring Sachsen-Anhalt, Neugeborenen-Hörscreening Trackingzentrale Sachsen-Anhalt, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rißmann
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000453:epidemiology