title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal wheat inoculation promotes alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation: Microcosm experiment on aged-contaminated soil.
abstract: Very few studies reported the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to dissipate hydrocarbons in aged polluted soils. The present work aims to study the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized wheat plants in the dissipation of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our results demonstrated that the inoculation of wheat with Rhizophagus irregularis allowed a better dissipation of PAHs and alkanes after 16 weeks of culture by comparison to non-inoculated condition. These dissipations observed in the inoculated soil resulted from several processes: (i) a light adsorption on roots (0.5% for PAHs), (ii) a bioaccumulation in roots (5.7% for PAHs and 6.6% for alkanes), (iii) a transfer in shoots (0.4 for PAHs and 0.5% for alkanes) and mainly a biodegradation. Whereas PAHs and alkanes degradation rates were respectively estimated to 12 and 47% with non-inoculated wheat, their degradation rates reached 18 and 48% with inoculated wheat. The mycorrhizal inoculation induced an increase of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by 56 and 37% compared to the non-inoculated wheat. Moreover, an increase of peroxidase activity was assessed in mycorrhizal roots. Taken together, our findings suggested that mycorrhization led to a better hydrocarbon biodegradation in the aged-contaminated soil thanks to a stimulation of telluric bacteria and hydrocarbon metabolization in mycorrhizal roots.
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant [UCEIV], EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France. Electronic address: Lenoir@univ-littoral.fr.
authors.forename: Lenoir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ingrid
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant [UCEIV], EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France. Electronic address: lounes@univ-littoral.fr.
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant [UCEIV], EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France. Electronic address: laruelle@univ-littoral.fr.
authors.forename: Laruelle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frédéric
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Electronic address: Dalpe@AGR.GC.CA.
authors.forename: Dalpé
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yolande
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant [UCEIV], EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France. Electronic address: joel.fontaine@univ-littoral.fr.
authors.forename: Fontaine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joël
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005602:France; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Dissipation; Hydrocarbon; Phytoremediation; Polluted soil; Symbiosis