title: Complement and Humoral Adaptive Immunity in the Human Choroid Plexus: Roles for Stromal Concretions, Basement Membranes, and Epithelium.
abstract: The choroid plexus (CP) provides a barrier to entry of toxic molecules from the blood into the brain and transports vital molecules into the cerebrospinal fluid. While a great deal is known about CP physiology, relatively little is known about its immunology. Here, we show immunohistochemical data that help define the role of the CP in innate and adaptive humoral immunity. The results show that complement, in the form of C1q, C3d, C9, or C9neo, is preferentially deposited in stromal concretions. In contrast, immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG) and IgA are more often found in CP epithelial cells, and IgM is found in either locale. C4d, IgD, and IgE are rarely, if ever, seen in the CP. In multiple sclerosis CP, basement membrane C9 or stromal IgA patterns were common but were not specific for the disease. These findings indicate that the CP may orchestrate the clearance of complement, particularly by deposition in its concretions, IgA and IgG preferentially via its epithelium, and IgM by either mechanism.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (GRWM, CL, EL, VP); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia (CL); Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (GRWM); International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (GRWM, CL, EL, VP), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK (BPM); and Neuropathology Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (MME). wayne.moore@vch.ca.
authors.forename: G R Wayne
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (GRWM, CL, EL, VP); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia (CL); Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (GRWM); International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (GRWM, CL, EL, VP), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK (BPM); and Neuropathology Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (MME).
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laule
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (GRWM, CL, EL, VP); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia (CL); Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (GRWM); International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (GRWM, CL, EL, VP), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK (BPM); and Neuropathology Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (MME).
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (GRWM, CL, EL, VP); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia (CL); Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (GRWM); International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (GRWM, CL, EL, VP), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK (BPM); and Neuropathology Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (MME).
authors.forename: Vladimira
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (GRWM, CL, EL, VP); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia (CL); Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (GRWM); International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (GRWM, CL, EL, VP), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK (BPM); and Neuropathology Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (MME).
authors.forename: B Paul
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (GRWM, CL, EL, VP); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia (CL); Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (GRWM); International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre (GRWM, CL, EL, VP), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK (BPM); and Neuropathology Department, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (MME).
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Esiri
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003165:Complement System Proteins
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Choroid plexus; Complement; Concretions; Immunoglobulins; Immunology; Multiple sclerosis.