title: Group B Streptococcal Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder and Potential Association with Pelvic Examination and PAP Smear.
abstract: Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection of a native joint in a nonpregnant adult is uncommon. While many women are colonized with this flora, it rarely becomes pathogenic in its adult host. GBS associated joint infections have been reported, most of which have been related to hematogenous seeding from unknown sources. To our knowledge, there are no published case reports of a GBS joint infection in association with a pelvic exam and Papanicolaou (PAP) smear. In this case report, we present a case of GBS sepsis of a native shoulder, possibly resulting from a routine pelvic exam and PAP smear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Daner
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Meeks
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Norman D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Boardman