title: Fabrication of novel high surface area mushroom gilled fibers and their effects on human adipose derived stem cells under pulsatile fluid flow for tissue engineering applications.
abstract: The fabrication and characterization of novel high surface area hollow gilled fiber tissue engineering scaffolds via industrially relevant, scalable, repeatable, high speed, and economical nonwoven carding technology is described. Scaffolds were validated as tissue engineering scaffolds using human adipose derived stem cells (hASC) exposed to pulsatile fluid flow (PFF). The effects of fiber morphology on the proliferation and viability of hASC, as well as effects of varied magnitudes of shear stress applied via PFF on the expression of the early osteogenic gene marker runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were evaluated. Gilled fiber scaffolds led to a significant increase in proliferation of hASC after seven days in static culture, and exhibited fewer dead cells compared to pure PLA round fiber controls. Further, hASC-seeded scaffolds exposed to 3 and 6dyn/cm(2) resulted in significantly increased mRNA expression of RUNX2 after one hour of PFF in the absence of soluble osteogenic induction factors. This is the first study to describe a method for the fabrication of high surface area gilled fibers and scaffolds. The scalable manufacturing process and potential fabrication across multiple nonwoven and woven platforms makes them promising candidates for a variety of applications that require high surface area fibrous materials.
  
  
  
  We report here for the first time the successful fabrication of novel high surface area gilled fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Gilled fibers led to a significant increase in proliferation of human adipose derived stem cells after one week in culture, and a greater number of viable cells compared to round fiber controls. Further, in the absence of osteogenic induction factors, gilled fibers led to significantly increased mRNA expression of an early marker for osteogenesis after exposure to pulsatile fluid flow. This is the first study to describe gilled fiber fabrication and their potential for tissue engineering applications. The repeatable, industrially scalable, and versatile fabrication process makes them promising candidates for a variety of scaffold-based tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4208 EB3, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115, USA. Electronic address: satuin@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tuin
authors.affiliation: The Nonwovens Institute at North Carolina State University, College of Textiles, 2401 Research Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Electronic address: bpourdey@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pourdeyhimi
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4208 EB3, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University, EB 1, Room 3002, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Electronic address: egloboa@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Loboa
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000363:Agaricales; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Gilled high surface area fibers; Human adipose derived stem cells; Pulsatile fluid slow; Scalable tissue engineering scaffolds; Shear stress