title: A randomised controlled trial comparing meat-based with human cadaveric models for teaching ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia.
abstract: The aim of this prospective, blinded, randomised controlled study was to compare novices' acquisition of the technical skills of ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia using either a meat phantom model or fresh-frozen human cadavers. The primary outcome was the time taken to successfully perform an ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block on a cadaver; secondary outcomes were the cumulative score of errors, and best image quality of the sciatic nerve achieved. After training, the median (IQR [range]) time taken to perform the block was 311(164-390 [68-600]) s in the meat model trained group and 210 (174-354 [85-600]) s in the fresh-frozen cadaver trained group (p = 0.24). Participants made a median (IQR [range]) of 18 (14-33 [8-55]) and 15 (12-22 [8-44]) errors in the two groups respectively (p = 0.39). The image quality score was also not different, with a median (IQR [range]) of 62.5 (59.4-65.6 [25.0-100.0])% vs 62.5 (62.5-75.0 [25.0-87.5])% respectively (p = 0.58). The training and deliberate feedback improved all participants' block performance, the median (IQR [range]) times being 310 (206-532 [110-600]) s before and 240 (174-354 [85-600]) s after training (p = 0.02). We conclude that novices taught ultrasound scanning and needle guidance skills using an inexpensive and easily constructed meat model perform similarly to those trained on a cadaveric model.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chuan
authors.affiliation: Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aneja
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Duce
authors.affiliation: Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Appleyard
authors.affiliation: Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Royse
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D002102:Cadaver; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013663:Teaching; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
keywords: education; training; ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia