title: ORGAN DOSES AND EFFECTIVE DOSE FOR FIVE PET RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS.
abstract: Diagnostic investigations with positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals are dominated by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG), but other radiopharmaceuticals are also commercially available or under development. Five of them, which are all clinically important, are (18)F-fluoride, (18)F-fluoroethyltyrosine ((18)F-FET), (18)F-deoxyfluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT), (18)F-fluorocholine ((18)F-choline) and (11)C-raclopride. To estimate the potential risk of stochastic effects (mainly lethal cancer) to a population, organ doses and effective dose values were updated for all five radiopharmaceuticals. Dose calculations were performed using the computer program IDAC2.0, which bases its calculations on the ICRP/ICRU adult reference voxel phantoms and the tissue weighting factors from ICRP publication 103. The biokinetic models were taken from ICRP publication 128. For organ doses, there are substantial changes. The only significant change in effective dose compared with previous estimations was a 46 % reduction for (18)F-fluoride. The estimated effective dose in mSv MBq(-1) was 1.5E-02 for (18)F-FET, 1.5E-02 for (18)F-FLT, 2.0E-02 for (18)F-choline, 9.0E-03 for (18)F-fluoride and 4.4E-03 for (11)C-raclopride.
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden martin.andersson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minarik
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leide-Svegborn
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D020891:Raclopride / Q000737:chemistry; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry*; D012984:Software; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C516370:fluoromethylcholine; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C545932:(18F)fluoroethyltyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D020891:Raclopride; D002794:Choline; C002854:alovudine