title: The Complex Admixture History and Recent Southern Origins of Siberian Populations.
abstract: Although Siberia was inhabited by modern humans at an early stage, there is still debate over whether it remained habitable during the extreme cold of the Last Glacial Maximum or whether it was subsequently repopulated by peoples with recent shared ancestry. Previous studies of the genetic history of Siberian populations were hampered by the extensive admixture that appears to have taken place among these populations, because commonly used methods assume a tree-like population history and at most single admixture events. Here we analyze geogenetic maps and use other approaches to distinguish the effects of shared ancestry from prehistoric migrations and contact, and develop a new method based on the covariance of ancestry components, to investigate the potentially complex admixture history. We furthermore adapt a previously devised method of admixture dating for use with multiple events of gene flow, and apply these methods to whole-genome genotype data from over 500 individuals belonging to 20 different Siberian ethnolinguistic groups. The results of these analyses indicate that there have been multiple layers of admixture detectable in most of the Siberian populations, with considerable differences in the admixture histories of individual populations. Furthermore, most of the populations of Siberia included here, even those settled far to the north, appear to have a southern origin, with the northward expansions of different populations possibly being driven partly by the advent of pastoralism, especially reindeer domestication. These newly developed methods to analyze multiple admixture events should aid in the investigation of similarly complex population histories elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany irina_pugach@eva.mpg.de brigitte.pakendorf@cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pugach
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Rostislav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matveev
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spitsyn
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makarov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Foreign Philology and Regional Studies, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Innokentiy
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Novgorodov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Osakovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoneking
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, UMR5596, CNRS and Université Lyon Lumière 2, Lyon, France irina_pugach@eva.mpg.de brigitte.pakendorf@cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pakendorf
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D051456:Gene Flow; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods*; D023281:Genomics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012800:Siberia
keywords: LGM; admixture dating; back migration; multiple admixture events; population replacement; wavelets