title: Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive.
abstract: Sex chromosome meiotic drive, the non-Mendelian transmission of sex chromosomes, is the expression of an intragenomic conflict that can have extreme evolutionary consequences. However, the molecular bases of such conflicts remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a young and rapidly evolving X-linked heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene, HP1D2, plays a key role in the classical Paris sex-ratio (SR) meiotic drive occurring in Drosophila simulans Driver HP1D2 alleles prevent the segregation of the Y chromatids during meiosis II, causing female-biased sex ratio in progeny. HP1D2 accumulates on the heterochromatic Y chromosome in male germ cells, strongly suggesting that it controls the segregation of sister chromatids through heterochromatin modification. We show that Paris SR drive is a consequence of dysfunctional HP1D2 alleles that fail to prepare the Y chromosome for meiosis, thus providing evidence that the rapid evolution of genes controlling the heterochromatin structure can be a significant source of intragenomic conflicts.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Helleu
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
authors.forename: Pierre R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard and Université de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
authors.forename: Raphaëlle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dubruille
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogereau
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7288, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prud'homme
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard and Université de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Loppin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; catherine.montchamp@egce.cnrs-gif.fr.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montchamp-Moreau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000067636:Drosophila simulans / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D006570:Heterochromatin
keywords: heterochromatin; intragenomic conflict; meiotic drive; sex chromosomes