title: Synthesis, Characterization, and Atenolol Delivery Application of Functionalized Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Prepared by Microwave-Assisted Co-precipitation Method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atenolol has been used to treat angina and hypertension, either alone or with other antihypertensives. Despite its usefulness, it shows some side effects such as diarrhea and nausea in some patients. A method for slow release of atenolol in intestine is helpful to prevent such side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A facile co-precipitation microwave-assisted method was used to fabricate mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (mHAp). It was then functionalized to have SO3H groups. The synthesized material was used for storage/slow release study of atenolol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atenolol loaded mHAp shows immediate release of atenolol in pH 8, whileafter functionalizing shows up to ca. 30% release at the beginning. In pH 1, 50% of drug was released after 10 h from AT@mHAp and after 18h the drug was almost completely released.The drug release profiles of functionalized HAp at pH value 1 and 8reveals the complete release of atenolol in intestine pH, while no complete release is observed in stomach environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aims of this work were synthesis and characterization of mesoporous HAp through the microwave-assisted co-precipitation method and elucidate the underlying drug release capability of mesoporous HAp nanoparticles. The SO3H group was incorporated into the mesoporous HAp and then used as drug delivery carriers using atenolol as a model drug to investigate their drug storage/release properties in simulated body fluid (SBF). Increasing pH value to 8 causes increase in the drug release.
authors.forename: Sobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mortazavi-Derazkola
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis & Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Naarmak, Farjaam Street, 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Naimi-Jamal
authors.forename: Seyedeh Masoumeh
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ghoreishi
mesh_terms: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000737:chemistry*; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D012821:Silanes; D001262:Atenolol; D017886:Durapatite