title: L-Rhamnose Enhances the Immunogenicity of Melanoma-Associated Antigen A3 for Stimulating Antitumor Immune Responses.
abstract: Vaccines based on melanoma-associated antigens (MAGEs) present a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy, albeit with weak immunogenicity. In this study, the xenoantigen L-rhamnose (Rha) was chemically conjugated with truncated MAGE-A3 (tMAGE-A3) to generate Rha-tMAGE-A3. The product showed good antigenicity with anti-Rha antibodies purified from human serum. FITC-labeled Rha-tMAGE-A3 was detected in THP-1 human macrophage cells via the anti-Rha antibody-dependent antigen uptake process. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with Rha-tMAGE-A3 in the presence of anti-Rha antibodies showed better cytotoxicity toward A375 human melanoma cells surfaced by MAGE-A3 antigen compared to PBMCs stimulated with tMAGE-A3. All data reveal that linking of Rha epitopes to MAGE enhances the immunogenicity of MAGE by harnessing the immune effector functions of human naturally existing anti-Rha antibodies. Rha epitopes could become immunogenicity enhancers of tumor associated antigens in the development of tumor immunotherapies.
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Huajie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Zhongrui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States.
authors.forename: Mohui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Houcheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.|Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States.
authors.forename: Peng George
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D012210:Rhamnose