title: New insights into the endophenotypic status of cognition in bipolar disorder: genetic modelling study of twins and siblings.
abstract: Twin studies have lacked statistical power to apply advanced genetic modelling techniques to the search for cognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.
  
  
  
  To quantify the shared genetic variability between bipolar disorder and cognitive measures.
  
  
  
  Structural equation modelling was performed on cognitive data collected from 331 twins/siblings of varying genetic relatedness, disease status and concordance for bipolar disorder.
  
  
  
  Using a parsimonious AE model, verbal episodic and spatial working memory showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.23|-|0.27|), which lost statistical significance after covarying for affective symptoms. Using an ACE model, IQ and visual-spatial learning showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.51|-|1.00|), which remained significant after covarying for affective symptoms.
  
  
  
  Verbal episodic and spatial working memory capture a modest fraction of the bipolar diathesis. IQ and visual-spatial learning may tap into genetic substrates of non-affective symptomatology in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgiades
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Fruhling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rijsdijk
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Fergus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rebollo-Mesa
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalidindi
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Katja K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walshe
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sahakian
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Mei-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Anna Georgiades, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fruhling Rijsdijk, PhD, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Fergus Kane, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Irene Rebollo-Mesa, PhD, Departments of Psychosis Studies and Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Sridevi Kalidindi, MBBS, MRCPsych, Katja K. Schulze, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Daniel Stahl, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Muriel Walshe, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Barbara J. Sahakian, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Colm McDonald, MRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, S
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kravariti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D035781:Siblings; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology; D014427:Twins; D055815:Young Adult