title: Placental biomarkers and angiogenic factors in oral fluids of patients with preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study are to explore the feasibility of measuring endothelial and placental biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and to determine if patients with preeclampsia (PE) have a different profile of these biomarkers in oral fluids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted, including patients with PE (n = 10) and a control group with normal pregnancies randomly selected (n = 20) admitted at the Sótero del Río Hospital in Santiago, Chile. A complete periodontal and obstetric history that involved the collection of oral fluids was performed at the same gestational age. Levels of Cd63(+) extracellular vesicles, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), placental growth factor (PlGF), and sFlt-1 levels were determined by ELISA assays. Data analysis was performed with chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables. The association was assessed using a multiple logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sFlt-1 concentrations in saliva and GCF were significantly higher in patients with PE (p = 0.045 and p = 0.033 respectively). Concentrations of PLAP were elevated in GCF of patients with PE (p = 0.049). The PLAP/CD63(+) ratio in GCF of patients with PE was significantly higher (p = 0.0008). No differences in PlGF levels were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCF of patients with PE concentrates higher levels of biomarkers related with the PE development. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaparro
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaedechens
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Edgardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zuñiga
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile.|Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kusanovic
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology Center Research. Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inostroza
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varas-Godoy
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.|Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.|Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Sebastián Enrique
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Illanes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002677:Chile; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D060149:Tetraspanin 30 / Q000378:metabolism*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C554586:CD63 protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D060149:Tetraspanin 30; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C019839:alkaline phosphatase, placental