title: Associations between negative affect and binge/purge behaviors in women with anorexia nervosa: Considering the role of negative urgency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence implicates negative affect in the occurrence of binge/purge behaviors, although the extent to which theoretically relevant individual difference variables may impact this association remains unclear. Negative urgency, the dispositional tendency to engage in rash action when experiencing negative affect, is a unique facet of impulsivity that may play a key role. Moreover, it was hypothesized that women with anorexia nervosa (AN) who are higher on measures of negative urgency, relative to those lower on negative urgency, would exhibit: 1) greater binge eating and purging frequencies on high negative affect days, and 2) a greater change in negative affect prior to and following binge eating and purging episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with AN (n=82) completed a self-report measure of negative urgency and a 2-week ecological momentary assessment protocol in which they recorded binge eating, purging, and negative affect ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with higher levels of negative urgency exhibited a greater frequency of binge eating and purging; however, in comparison to women low on negative urgency, they: 1) were more likely to binge eat on days corresponding with low-to-moderate negative affect (similar rates of binge eating were observed on high negative affect days), and 2) displayed substantially elevated levels of negative affect across time, and thus, smaller degrees of change in negative affect prior to and following binge eating and purging episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative urgency underlies individual differences in the daily experience of negative affect. Women with AN who are high on negative urgency may have an increased propensity for binge eating and purging via a relatively persistent and heightened state of negative emotions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5030, United States. Electronic address: kristen.culbert@unlv.edu.
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Culbert
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 120 Eighth St. South, Fargo, ND 58107-1415, United States. Electronic address: jlavender@nrifargo.com.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lavender
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 120 Eighth St. South, Fargo, ND 58107-1415, United States. Electronic address: rcrosby@nrifargo.com.
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 120 Eighth St. South, Fargo, ND 58107-1415, United States. Electronic address: swonderlich@nrifargo.com.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wonderlich
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 120 Eighth St. South, Fargo, ND 58107-1415, United States. Electronic address: sengel@nrifargo.com.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. Electronic address: peter161@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 120 Eighth St. South, Fargo, ND 58107-1415, United States. Electronic address: jmitchell@nrifargo.com.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. Electronic address: crowx002@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 3333 California Street, LH Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94143-0503, United States. Electronic address: daniel.legrange@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Grange
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 120 Eighth St. South, Fargo, ND 58107-1415, United States. Electronic address: lcao@nrifargo.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Psychology Building, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States. Electronic address: snowaczy@gmu.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000523:psychology*; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014839:Vomiting; D055815:Young Adult