title: Rejecting probability summation for radial frequency patterns, not so Quick!
abstract: Radial frequency (RF) patterns are used to assess how the visual system processes shape. They are thought to be detected globally. This is supported by studies that have found summation for RF patterns to be greater than what is possible if the parts were being independently detected and performance only then improved with an increasing number of cycles by probability summation between them. However, the model of probability summation employed in these previous studies was based on High Threshold Theory (HTT), rather than Signal Detection Theory (SDT). We conducted rating scale experiments to investigate the receiver operating characteristics. We find these are of the curved form predicted by SDT, rather than the straight lines predicted by HTT. This means that to test probability summation we must use a model based on SDT. We conducted a set of summation experiments finding that thresholds decrease as the number of modulated cycles increases at approximately the same rate as previously found. As this could be consistent with either additive or probability summation, we performed maximum-likelihood fitting of a set of summation models (Matlab code provided in our Supplementary material) and assessed the fits using cross validation. We find we are not able to distinguish whether the responses to the parts of an RF pattern are combined by additive or probability summation, because the predictions are too similar. We present similar results for summation between separate RF patterns, suggesting that the summation process there may be the same as that within a single RF.
authors.affiliation: McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: alexsbaldwin@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.affiliation: McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmidtmann
authors.affiliation: McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Frederick A A
authors.initials: FAA
authors.lastname: Kingdom
authors.affiliation: McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011601:Psychophysics; D012372:ROC Curve; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Form; Integration; RF; Radial frequency; SDT; Shape; Signal Detection Theory; Summation