title: [Does the sampling locality influence on the antifungal activity of the flavonoids of Marrubium vulgare against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was undertaken to determine the effect of the sampling locality on the antifungal activity of the flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Marrubium vulgare L. against two fungal strains; Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231.
  
  
  METHODS
  The leaves were collected from three different sampling localities belonging northwest Algeria: Tessala mount, M'sila forest and Ain Skhouna. The flavonoid extraction was carried out by using organic solvents with increasing polarity. A phytochemical screening was performed by staining test tubes. The inhibition diameters were measured by solid medium diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by dilution method on solid medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antifungal activity varied significantly (P<0.001) according to the sampling locality of the leaves, the flavonoid extract and its concentration, and the strain fungal type. The inhibition diameters varied between 8.16 and recorded 37.5mm even recording a total inhibition of fungal growth and often exceed those induced marketed antifungals (Amphotericin, Fluconazole, Terbinafine and econazole nitrate). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) obtained range between 6.25 and 100μg/mL; experiencing strong antifungal inhibition. The phytochemical screening revealed the existence of certain flavonoids classes such as flavans and flavanols which may be responsible of this remarkable antifungal power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sampling locality of Marrubium vulgare leaves influenced on the antifungal activity of flavonoids. These have proven very good fungistatic and worth valuing in pharmacology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biodiversité végétale : conservation et valorisation, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, BP 89, Haï Larbi Ben M'hidi, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie; Département de l'environnement, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie. Electronic address: bouterfas_karim@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bouterfas
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biodiversité végétale : conservation et valorisation, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, BP 89, Haï Larbi Ben M'hidi, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie; Département de l'environnement, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mehdadi
authors.affiliation: Faculté de médecine, université Djillali Liabès, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aouad
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biotoxicologie, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elaoufi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biotoxicologie, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biodiversité végétale : conservation et valorisation, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, BP 89, Haï Larbi Ben M'hidi, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie; Département de l'environnement, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latreche
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biodiversité végétale : conservation et valorisation, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, BP 89, Haï Larbi Ben M'hidi, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie; Département de l'environnement, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, université Djillali Liabes, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbés, Algérie.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Benchiha
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D027522:Marrubium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Activité antifongique; Antifungal activity; Flavonoids; Flavonoïdes; Localité d’échantillonnage; Marrubium vulgare; Sampling locality