title: Shared mental models and intra-team psychophysiological patterns: a test of the juggling paradigm.
abstract: We explored implicit coordination mechanisms underlying the conceptual notion of "shared mental models" (SMM) through physiological (i.e., breathing and heart rates) and affective-cognitive (i.e., arousal, pleasantness, attention, self-efficacy, other's efficacy) monitoring of two professional jugglers performing a real-time interactive task of increasing difficulty. There were two experimental conditions: "individual" (i.e., solo task) and "interactive" (i.e., two jugglers established a cooperative interaction by juggling sets of balls with each other). In both conditions, there were two task difficulties: "easy" and "hard." Descriptive analyses revealed that engaging in a dyadic cooperative motor task (interactive condition) required greater physiological effort (Median Cohen's d = 2.13) than performing a solo motor task (individual condition) of similar difficulty. Our results indicated a strong positive correlation between the jugglers' heart rate for the easy (r = .87) and hard tasks (r = .77). The relationship between the jugglers' breathing rate was significant for the easy task (r = .73) but non-significant for the hard task. The findings are interpreted based on research on SMM and Theory of Mind. Practitioners should advance the notion of "shared-regulation" in the context of team coordination through the use of biofeedback training.
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK.
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: b School of Industrial Design , University of Montreal , Keiron , Montreal , Canada.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pierini
authors.affiliation: c Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center , University of Chieti , Pescara , Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robazza
authors.affiliation: d Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems , Florida State University , Tallahassee , USA.
authors.forename: Gershon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.affiliation: c Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center , University of Chieti , Pescara , Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertollo
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011603:Psychophysiology; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D056345:Theory of Mind; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Shared mental models; group dynamics; juggling; psychophysiology; team coordination