title: Echovirus serotypes circulating in Malaysia from 2002 to 2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the circulating serotypes of human echovirus in Malaysia from 2002 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31 retrospective samples from non-polio acute flacid paralysis, hand-food-and-mouth disease, viral meningitis and enterovirus cases were subjected to amplification of partial VP1 gene by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequences identified presence of human echovirus and human coxsackie viruses. It was found that echovirus 11 was the commonly circulating serotype followed by echovirus 6, echovirus 7, echovirus 3, echovirus 9, echovirus 30 and echovirus 1 in decreasing order. Additionally two types of human coxsackie virus isolates were detected which were coxsackie A24 and B3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the findings, there is a possibility that echovirus 11 is the predominant serotype among Malaysian patients with echovirus infection. However, a larger sample size will yield a more confident result to support this evidence.
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: jeyanthi@imr.gov.my.
authors.forename: Jeyanthi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suppiah
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Saraswathy
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amry
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Apandi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zainah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saat
keywords: Echovirus; Malaysia; Phylogenetic; Serotype; VP1