title: Inherited genetic markers for thrombophilia in northeastern Iran (a clinical-based report).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombophilia is a main predisposition to thrombosis due to a procoagulant state. Several point mutations play key roles in blood-clotting disorders, which are grouped under the term thrombophilia. These thrombophilic mutations are methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, C677T, and A1298C), factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin gene mutation (factor II, G20210A), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). In the present study, we assessed the prevalence of the above thrombophilia markers in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss or first and second trimester abortions, infertility, and failed in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted among 457 cases those were referred to detect the inherited genetic markers for thrombophilia. Markers for MTHFR, Factor II, and Factor V were assessed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and PAI was assessed by Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred sixty cases (56.89%) were diagnosed as having at least one thrombophilia marker, whereas 197 cases (43.11%) had no thrombophilia markers and were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the current study, the pattern of abnormal genetic markers for thrombophilia in northeastern Iran demonstrates the importance of genetic evaluations in patients who show clinical abnormalities with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) or other serious obstetric complications.
authors.affiliation: Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keify
authors.affiliation: Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche "Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio Vasculaire" l'UMR INSERM U 1122, IGE-PCV, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azimi-Nezhad
authors.affiliation: Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.; Razavi's Social Welfare Organization, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhiyan-Abed
authors.affiliation: Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasseri
authors.affiliation: Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.; Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, MUMS, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abbaszadegan
keywords: Factor II; Factor V; MTHFR; PAI; Thrombophilia; Thrombophilic markers