title: Analysis of zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic poly- and perfluoroalkyl surfactants in sediments by liquid chromatography polarity-switching electrospray ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: A new analytical method is proposed for the determination of a wide span of fluoroalkylated surfactants (PFASs) of various chain lengths and polarities in sediments, including newly-identified compounds such as zwitterionic and cationic PFASs. Extraction conditions were optimized so as to maintain a common preparation procedure for all analytes (recovery range: 60-110%). Instrumental analysis was performed with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry through polarity-switching electrospray ionization. Calibration curves with excellent coefficients of determination (R(2)>0.994) were generally obtained over 0.002-10ngg(-1) dry weight (dw) and limits of detection were in the range 0.0006-0.46 ng g(-1) dw. Intra-day precision remained<9% and inter-day precision<23%. While perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) generally prevailed over other perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in sediments from mainland France, fluorotelomer sulfonamide amines and fluorotelomer sulfonamide betaines were also ubiquitous in these samples, especially in the vicinity of airports wherein firefighting training activities may occur on a regular basis.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France; Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Sung Vo
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Duy
authors.affiliation: CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Labadie
authors.affiliation: INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Botta
authors.affiliation: CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budzinski
authors.affiliation: INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lestremau
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Department of Civil Engineering, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3.
authors.forename: Jinxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7. Electronic address: sebastien.sauve@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauvé
keywords: Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFFs); Fluorotelomer sulfonamide amines; Fluorotelomer sulfonamide betaines; Optimization; Sediments; Zwitterionic and Cationic Fluorosurfactants