title: Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Attenuate Hyperalgesia and Block Upregulation of Trigeminal Ganglionic Sodium Channel 1.7 after Induction of Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the analgesic effect of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) expression in the trigeminal ganglion (TG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in female rats. Ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium and meloxicam were given intragastrically before induction of TMJ inflammation. Histopathological evaluation and scoring of TMJ inflammation was used to evaluate the level of inflammation. The head withdrawal threshold and food intake were measured to evaluate TMJ nociceptive responses. The mRNA and protein expression of trigeminal ganglionic Nav1.7 was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four hours after the injection of CFA into the TMJs, NSAIDs attenuated hyperalgesia of inflamed TMJ and simultaneously blocked inflammation-induced upregulation of Nav1.7 mRNA and protein expression in the TG. However, ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium slightly attenuated TMJ inflammation and meloxicam did not affect TMJ inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attenuation of hyperalgesia of inflamed TMJ by NSAIDs might be associated with their role in blocking upregulation of trigeminal ganglionic Nav1.7.
authors.forename: Rui Yun
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ye Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077239:Meloxicam; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel / Q000187:drug effects*; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000294:innervation; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C503480:Scn9a protein, rat; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D004008:Diclofenac; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D000077239:Meloxicam; D007052:Ibuprofen