title: Pyschosocial factors associated with children's cycling for transport: A cross-sectional moderation study.
abstract: Promoting children's cycling for transport is a useful strategy to increase their physical activity levels. No studies have examined to which extent children's psychosocial characteristics play a role in their transportation cycling. Furthermore, insights into the association between children's independent mobility (IM) and transportation cycling is lacking in Europe. This study examined (1) the association of children's psychosocial characteristics with transportation cycling and its moderating effect of child's gender, parents' educational attainment and IM, and (2) the association between children's IM and transportation cycling. Children (n=1232, aged 10-12yrs) completed an online questionnaire at school assessing their psychosocial characteristics related with transportation cycling. Parents reported child's usual transportation cycling and the distance their child is allowed to cycle unsupervised (IM). Hurdle models were used to estimate associations between independent variables and odds of being a cyclist and with minutes of transportation cycling among those cycling. Data were collected during November-December 2014 across Flanders, Belgium. Children's perceived parental modeling, parental norm, peers' co-participation, self-efficacy and IM were positively related to the odds of being a cyclist, perceived benefits were negatively associated. Parental modeling, siblings' modeling, self-efficacy and parental norm were more strongly related to the odds of being a cyclist among children with a low IM. Friends' modeling was significantly related with odds of being a cyclist among boys. IM and parental norm (only among boys) were positively related to the time spent cycling. Targeting children, their friends and parents seems therefore most appropriate when aiming to increase children's transportation cycling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Ariane.Ghekiere@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghekiere
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Jelle.Vancauwenberg@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Cauwenberg
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: Alison.carver@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carver
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Lieze.Mertens@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Lieze
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.affiliation: Human Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Bas.de.Geus@vub.ac.be.
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Geus
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Pclarys@vub.ac.be.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarys
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Greet.Cardon@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Ilse.Debourdeaudhuij@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Bourdeaudhuij
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Benedicte.Deforche@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deforche
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011584:Psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Active living; Active transport; Parents; Safety; Self-efficacy; Social cognitive theory; Transport