title: A case study of development and application of a streamlined control and response modeling system for PM2.5 attainment assessment in China.
abstract: This article describes the development and application of a streamlined air control and response modeling system with a novel response surface modeling-linear coupled fitting method and a new module to provide streamlined model data for PM2.5 attainment assessment in China. This method is capable of significantly reducing the dimensions required to establish a response surface model, as well as capturing more realistic response of PM2.5 to emission changes with a limited number of model simulations. The newly developed module establishes a data link between the system and the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition (SMAT-CE), and has the ability to rapidly provide model responses to emission control scenarios for SMAT-CE using a simple interface. The performance of this streamlined system is demonstrated through a case study of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China. Our results show that this system is capable of reproducing the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulation results with maximum mean normalized error<3.5%. It is also demonstrated that primary emissions make a major contribution to ambient levels of PM2.5 in January and August (e.g., more than 50% contributed by primary emissions in Shanghai), and Shanghai needs to have regional emission control both locally and in its neighboring provinces to meet China's annual PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standard. The streamlined system provides a real-time control/response assessment to identify the contributions of major emission sources to ambient PM2.5 (and potentially O3 as well) and streamline air quality data for SMAT-CE to perform attainment assessments.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Shicheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: zhuyun@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: USEPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, RTP, NC 27711, USA.
authors.forename: Carey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710-0024, USA.
authors.forename: Che-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Shuxiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xuezhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Air quality modeling; Attainment assessment; PM(2.5); RSM-Linear coupled fitting; Response surface model