title: Programmed chloroplast destruction during leaf senescence involves 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX).
abstract: Leaf senescence is the terminal stage in the development of perennial plants. Massive physiological changes occur that lead to the shut down of photosynthesis and a cessation of growth. Leaf senescence involves the selective destruction of the chloroplast as the site of photosynthesis. Here, we show that 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX) accomplishes a key role in the destruction of chloroplasts in senescing plants and propose a critical role of its NH2-terminal chloroplast transit peptide. The 13-LOX enzyme identified here accumulated in the plastid envelope and catalyzed the dioxygenation of unsaturated membrane fatty acids, leading to a selective destruction of the chloroplast and the release of stromal constituents. Because 13-LOX pathway products comprise compounds involved in insect deterrence and pathogen defense (volatile aldehydes and oxylipins), a mechanism of unmolested nitrogen and carbon relocation is suggested that occurs from leaves to seeds and roots during fall.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany;
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164;
authors.forename: ChulHee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164;
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rustgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; diter@wsu.edu sreinbot@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Diter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Wettstein
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reinbothe
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pollmann
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; diter@wsu.edu sreinbot@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reinbothe
mesh_terms: D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000201:enzymology*; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: C117433:13-lipoxygenase; D008084:Lipoxygenase
keywords: chloroplast envelope; green leaf volatiles; herbivore deterrence; membrane destruction; oxylipins