title: Alleviation of cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi via induction of acquired systemic tolerance.
abstract: Experiments were conducted to evaluate cadmium (Cd) stress-induced changes in growth, antioxidants and lipid composition of Solanum lycopersicum with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Cadmium stress (50 μM) caused significant changes in the growth and physio-biochemical attributes studied. AMF mitigated the deleterious impact of Cd on the parameters studied. Cadmium stress increased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide production but AMF reduced these parameters by mitigating oxidative stress. The activity of antioxidant enzymes enhanced under Cd treatment and AMF inoculation further enhanced their activity, thus strengthening the plant's defense system. Proline and phenol content increased in Cd-treated as well as AMF-inoculated plants providing efficient protection against Cd stress. Cadmium treatment resulted in great alterations in the main lipid classes leading to a marked change in their composition. Cadmium stress caused a significant reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in enhanced membrane leakage. The present study supports the use of AMF as a biological means to ameliorate Cd stress-induced changes in tomato.
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Mycology and Plant Disease Survey, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashem
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Abd Allah
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alqarawi
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Asma A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al Huqail
authors.affiliation: Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Egamberdieva
authors.affiliation: Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wirth
keywords: Antioxidant; Cadmium; Growth; Lipids; MDA; Phenol; Proline; Solanum lycopersicum