title: Modulation of intracellular expression of IFNγ and IL-2 in culture of splenic T lymphocytes by some flavonoid glycosides of Alchornea floribunda.
abstract: Context Alchornea floribunda Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves are widely used in ethnomedicine for the management of rheumatism, arthritis and toothache. Objective In this study, flavonoid glycosides isolated from Alchornea floribunda were screened for their effect on the intracellular expression of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) type-1 cytokines. Materials and methods Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol leaf extract led to the isolation of seven flavonoid glycosides (1-7). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Splenocytes were treated with graded concentrations of the compounds (6.25-25 μg/mL) and incubated for 24 h. Thereafter, their effect on the expression of IFNγ and IL-2 by CD4(+ )and CD8(+ )T-lymphocytes was evaluated using intracellular cytokine staining and FACS analysis. Results Compounds 1-7 (6.25-25 μg/mL) caused the up-regulation of activated CD8(+ )(57.85-72.45% versus 57.85% for untreated control) and, to a lesser extent, activated CD4(+ )(3.21-7.21% versus 2.75% for the untreated control) T-lymphocytes that were both largely interferon-gamma-releasing in treated mouse T lymphocytes relative to untreated control. FACS data analysis showed that stimulation with all the compounds increased the proportion of CD8(+)/IFNγ(+ )and CD4(+)/IFNγ(+ )T lymphocytes up to two-fold when compared with the cells in untreated control wells. Intracellular IL-2 secretion by treated T cells was not detected. Conclusion This recorded T-lymphocyte-specific immune-modulatory property may contribute to explain in part the dynamics associated with the ethnomedicine of Alchornea floribunda, and may find relevance as a necessary cellular immune response precursor to infection-associated disease management.
authors.affiliation: a Institut Für Pharmazeutische Biologie Und Biotechnologie, Universität Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany ;|b Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Awka , Anambra State , Nigeria ;
authors.forename: Festus B C
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Okoye
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria ;|d Department of Molecular and Medical Virology , Ruhr Universität Bochum , Germany ;
authors.forename: Damian Chukwu
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Odimegwu
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria ;
authors.forename: Chukwuemeka Sylvester
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Nworu
authors.affiliation: f Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria ;
authors.forename: Matthias Onyebuchi
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Agbo
authors.affiliation: g Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Awka , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Charles Okechukwu
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Esimone
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Awka , Anambra State , Nigeria ;|f Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria ;
authors.forename: Patience Ogoamaka
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Osadebe
authors.affiliation: a Institut Für Pharmazeutische Biologie Und Biotechnologie, Universität Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany ;
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proksch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: CD4+; CD8+; cytokines; immunomodulation; interferon-gamma; interleukine-2