title: Analysis of electric energy consumption of automatic milking systems in different configurations and operative conditions.
abstract: Automatic milking systems (AMS) have been a revolutionary innovation in dairy cow farming. Currently, more than 10,000 dairy cow farms worldwide use AMS to milk their cows. Electric consumption is one of the most relevant and uncontrollable operational cost of AMS, ranging between 35 and 40% of their total annual operational costs. The aim of the present study was to measure and analyze the electric energy consumption of 4 AMS with different configurations: single box, central unit featuring a central vacuum system for 1 cow unit and for 2 cow units. The electrical consumption (daily consumption, daily consumption per cow milked, consumption per milking, and consumption per 100L of milk) of each AMS (milking unit + air compressor) was measured using 2 energy analyzers. The measurement period lasted 24h with a sampling frequency of 0.2Hz. The daily total energy consumption (milking unit + air compressor) ranged between 45.4 and 81.3 kWh; the consumption per cow milked ranged between 0.59 and 0.99 kWh; the consumption per milking ranged between 0.21 and 0.33 kWh; and the consumption per 100L of milk ranged between 1.80 to 2.44 kWh according to the different configurations and operational contexts considered. Results showed that AMS electric consumption was mainly conditioned by farm management rather than machine characteristics/architectures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calcante
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.tangorra@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Francesco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tangorra
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oberti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004560:Electricity; D005260:Female; D007558:Italy; D007774:Lactation
keywords: automatic milking system; dairy farm management; electric energy consumption