title: Experience at 1 year with the moving tip technique of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of symptomatic venous malformations in the head and neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of performing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using the moving tip technique to treat venous malformations (VMs) in the head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients (male:female ratio, 2:8; median age, 38 years; age range, 27-59 years) prospectively underwent RFA using the moving tip technique as the first treatment. Improvement of their clinical symptoms, volume reduction of the treated VMs as determined by ultrasound (US) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and any patient complications were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after RFA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent follow-up examinations 12 months after RFA. The following criteria were used to evaluate these patients: (1) symptomatic VMs were diagnosed by US, MRI, and the patients' clinical history; (2) superficially located VMs were evaluated using a linear 12-MHz US probe to determine the tumor volume; and (3) localized and limited VMs were evaluated using the Hamburg classification. The mean symptom score of the 10-cm visual analog scale and the mean volume reduction of the VMs as measured by MRI at the 6-month follow-up examination were significantly decreased from 8.0 (range, 7.0-9.0) to 2.0 (range, 1.0-3.0) and from 18.8 (range, 8.3-28.2) cm(3) to 8.5 (range, 4.2-14.1) cm(3), respectively (P < .05). No major patient complications were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFA using the moving tip technique is an effective and safe method for treating localized VMs in the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heung Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Hyun
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Kyunggido, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Beom
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Chul
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: pnkim@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Pyo Nyun
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kim