title: Aberrant gene methylation and bronchial dysplasia in high risk lung cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk for lung cancer is incremented in high degree dysplasia (HGD) and in subjects with hypermethylation of multiple genes. We sought to establish the association between them, as well as to analyze the DNA aberrant methylation in sputum and in bronchial washings (BW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study of high risk patients for lung cancer in whom induced sputum and autofluorescence bronchoscopy were performed. The molecular analysis was determined on DAPK1, RASSF1A and p16 genes using Methylation-specific PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 128 patients were enrolled in the study. Dysplasia lesions were found in 79 patients (61.7%) and high grade dysplasia in 20 (15.6%). Ninety eight patients out of 128 underwent molecular analysis. Methylation was observed in bronchial secretions (sputum or BW) in 60 patients (61.2%), 51 of them (52%) for DAPK1, in 20 (20.4%) for p16 and in three (3.1%) for RASSF1A. Methylated genes only found in sputum accounted for 38.3% and only in BW in 41.7%, and in both 20.0%. In the 11.2% of the patients studied, HGD and a hypermethylated gene were present, while for the 55.1% of the sample only one of both was detected and for the rest of the subjects (33.6%), none of the risk factors were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data determines DNA aberrant methylation panel in bronchial secretions is present in a 61.2% and HGD is found in 15.6%. Although both parameters have previously been identified as risk factors for lung cancer, the current study does not find a significative association between them. The study also highlights the importance of BW as a complementary sample to induced sputum when analyzing gene aberrant methylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: arosell@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosell
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Comarcal de l'Alt Penedès, Vilafranca, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Respiratory Medicine, Fundació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monsó
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taron
authors.affiliation: Fundació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Millares
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Lisbona
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cubero
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreo
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llatjós
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Llatjós
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fernández-Figueras
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mate
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Català
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Setó
authors.affiliation: IMS Health, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roset
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díez-Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019175:DNA Methylation; D057890:Epigenomics / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Autofluorescence; Bronchoscopy; Dysplasia; Lung cancer; Methylation