title: Histomorphometric and histologic evaluation of titanium-zirconium (aTiZr) implants with anodized surfaces.
abstract: The choice of implant surface has a significant influence on osseointegration. Modification of TiZr surface by anodization is reported to have the potential to modulate the osteoblast cell behaviour favouring more rapid bone formation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of anodizing the surface of TiZr discs with respect to osseointegration after four weeks implantation in sheep femurs. Titanium (Ti) and TiZr discs were anodized in an electrolyte containing DL-α-glycerophosphate and calcium acetate at 300 V. The surface characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and goniometry. Forty implant discs with thickness of 1.5 and 10 mm diameter (10 of each-titanium, titanium-zirconium, anodized titanium and anodized titanium-zirconium) were placed in the femoral condyles of 10 sheep. Histomorphometric and histologic analysis were performed 4 weeks after implantation. The anodized implants displayed hydrophilic, porous, nano-to-micrometer scale roughened surfaces. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed calcium and phosphorous incorporation into the surface of both titanium and titanium-zirconium after anodization. Histologically there was new bone apposition on all implanted discs, slightly more pronounced on anodised discs. The percentage bone-to-implant contact measurements of anodized implants were higher than machined/unmodified implants but there was no significant difference between the two groups with anodized surfaces (P > 0.05, n = 10). The present histomorphometric and histological findings confirm that surface modification of titanium-zirconium by anodization is similar to anodised titanium enhances early osseointegration compared to machined implant surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. ajsharma.perio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McQuillan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Lavanya A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
authors.forename: John Neil
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Warwick John
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001846:Bone Development; D005260:Female; D008422:Materials Testing; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012756:Sheep; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium