title: Characterization and complete genome sequence analysis of two Myoviral bacteriophages infecting clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypical properties, to analyse whole genomes of novel Acinetobacter baumannii phages infecting carbapenem-resistant Ac. baumannii (CRAB) and to evaluate their potential as antimicrobial alternatives to control Ac. baumannii in clinical settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ac. baumannii phages, Βϕ-R1215 and Βϕ-R2315, were isolated from sewage samples. These phages were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, host spectrum, the thermal/pH stability test, the bacterial lysis assay and the whole genome analysis. Both phages lysed 21 of 45 CRAB hosts, and showed high stability at various pH (pH 4-10) and temperature (25-60°C), and were strongly active against host bacteria in vitro. The genomes of Βϕ-R1215 and Βϕ-R2315 are linear double-strands of DNA with 44·866 and 44·846 bp respectively. These two genomes revealed high similarity at the DNA level, but the organization and direction of open reading frames were different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ac. baumannii phages, Βϕ-R1215 and Βϕ-R2315, are novel lytic phages lysing CRAB strains which were isolated from respiratory samples of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro and in silico data showed that these novel Ac. baumannii phages, Βϕ-R1215 and Βϕ-R2315, have potential as antimicrobial alternatives to control CRAB in healthcare settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea.|Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju, Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Myoviridae; antimicrobial alternatives; bacteriophage; biocontrol; carbapenem