title: Approaches to preventative and therapeutic HIV vaccines.
abstract: Novel strategies are being researched to discover vaccines to prevent and treat HIV-1. Non-efficacious preventative vaccine approaches include bivalent recombinant gp120 alone, HIV gene insertion into an Adenovirus 5 (Ad5) virus vector and the DNA prime/Ad5 boost vaccine regimen. However, the ALVAC-HIV prime/AIDSVAX® B/E gp120 boost regimen showed 31.2% efficacy at 3.5 years, and is being investigated as clade C constructs with an additional boost. Likewise, although multiple therapeutic vaccines have failed in the past, in a non-placebo controlled trial, a Tat vaccine demonstrated immune cell restoration, reduction of immune activation, and reduced HIV-1 DNA viral load. Monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization or treatment show promise, with VRC01 entering advanced clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: glenda.gray@mrc.ac.za.
authors.forename: Glenda E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laher
authors.affiliation: Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.affiliation: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ensoli
authors.affiliation: HIV Vaccine Clinical Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus