title: Molecular Selection, Modification and Development of Therapeutic Oligonucleotide Aptamers.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies are the dominant agents used in inhibition of biological target molecules for disease therapeutics, but there are concerns of immunogenicity, production, cost and stability. Oligonucleotide aptamers have comparable affinity and specificity to targets with monoclonal antibodies whilst they have minimal immunogenicity, high production, low cost and high stability, thus are promising inhibitors to rival antibodies for disease therapy. In this review, we will compare the detailed advantages and disadvantages of antibodies and aptamers in therapeutic applications and summarize recent progress in aptamer selection and modification approaches. We will present therapeutic oligonucleotide aptamers in preclinical studies for skeletal diseases and further discuss oligonucleotide aptamers in different stages of clinical evaluation for various disease therapies including macular degeneration, cancer, inflammation and coagulation to highlight the bright commercial future and potential challenges of therapeutic oligonucleotide aptamers.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. yu.yy01@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. liangchao512@163.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. lvquanxia@163.com.
authors.forename: Quanxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. lidefang@163.com.
authors.forename: Defang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450007, China. xuxg1115@126.com.
authors.forename: Xuegong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450007, China. liubqmm@163.com.
authors.forename: Baoqin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. aipinglu@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. zhangge@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide
keywords: clinical evaluation; diseases therapy; monoclonal antibodies; oligonucleotide aptamers; preclinical study