title: A Feasibility Study Evaluating Extraoral Photobiomodulation Therapy for Prevention of Mucositis in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of providing extraoral photobiomodulation therapy (PBT) for prevention of oral mucositis (OM) in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  OM is a frequent complication in pediatric HCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients 4-21 years of age scheduled for myeloablative HCT were eligible to participate. PBT was delivered using a THOR Model LX2M with a 69 Diode LED Cluster Probe (34 × 660 nm 10 mW, 35 × 850 nm 30 mW; 1390 mW total power output) at an irradiance of 50 mW/cm(2). Daily treatment exposed six sites (right, left, and midline face and neck) for 60 sec each, for a total dose of 3.0 J/cm(2). Treatment was initiated on the 1st day of conditioning, through day +20. OM assessments were completed at baseline then daily, from day -1 through day +20. Feasibility assessment included both qualitative and quantitative measures and outcomes from patients and providers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients with a median age of 15 years (range, 4.8-21.6) were consented and enrolled, and completed the protocol. The incidence of severe OM [World Health Organization (WHO) Grade ≥3] was 77%, with a median duration of 4 days (range, 1-14). Of 355 attempted PBT administrations, there were six refusals, and the mean proportion of days with data submitted was 96.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 78.5-97.2%]. The 10 trained nurses all reported that the device was accessible, maneuverable, and lightweight, and that training was effective. There was no reported toxicity attributed to the PBT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily delivery of external PBT and completion of OM evaluations is feasible in children undergoing HCT.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.|2 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Nathaniel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Treister
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.|4 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Wendy B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: London
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Dongjing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: 5 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malsch
authors.affiliation: 5 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verrill
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.|4 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Margossian
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.|4 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000451:nursing; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult