title: Genome-wide identification and developmental expression profiling of long noncoding RNAs during Drosophila metamorphosis.
abstract: An increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered with the recent advances in RNA-sequencing technologies. lncRNAs play key roles across diverse biological processes, and are involved in developmental regulation. However, knowledge about how the genome-wide expression of lncRNAs is developmentally regulated is still limited. We here performed a whole-genome identification of lncRNAs followed by a global expression profiling of these lncRNAs during development in Drosophila melanogaster. We combined bioinformatic prediction of lncRNAs with stringent filtering of protein-coding transcripts and experimental validation to define a high-confidence set of Drosophila lncRNAs. We identified 1,077 lncRNAs in the given transcriptomes that contain 43,967 transcripts; among these, 646 lncRNAs are novel. In vivo expression profiling of these lncRNAs in 27 developmental processes revealed that the expression of lncRNAs is highly temporally restricted relative to that of protein-coding genes. Remarkably, 21% and 42% lncRNAs were significantly upregulated at late embryonic and larval stage, the critical time for developmental transition. The results highlight the developmental specificity of lncRNA expression, and reflect the regulatory significance of a large subclass of lncRNAs for the onset of metamorphosis. The systematic annotation and expression analysis of lncRNAs during Drosophila development form the foundation for future functional exploration.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology/Hebei Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Molecular Chemistry, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology/Hebei Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Molecular Chemistry, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
authors.forename: Shili
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.|Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D049750:Genome, Insect; D008297:Male; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D034622:RNA Interference; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding