title: Traditional and pyramidal resistance training systems improve muscle quality and metabolic biomarkers in older women: A randomized crossover study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of RT performed in a pyramid (PR) and traditional (TD) straight set training system on muscle quality and metabolic biomarkers in older women. Twenty-five physically independent older women (67.6±5.1years, 65.9±11.1kg, 154.7±5.8cm) performed a RT program in TD and PR training systems in a balanced crossover design. Measurements of muscle quality, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were obtained at different moments. The TD program consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM) with a constant weight for the 3 sets, whereas the PR training consisted of 3 sets of 12/10/8 RM with incremental weight for each set. The training was performed in 2 phases of 8weeks each, with a 12-week washout period between phases. Significant (P<0.05) improvements were observed in both groups for muscle quality (TD=+8.6% vs. PR=+6.8%), GLU (TD=-4.5% vs. PR=-1.9%), TG (TD=-18.0% vs. PR=-11.7%), HDL-C (TD=+10.6 vs. PR=+7.8%), LDL-C (TD=-23.3% vs. PR=-21.0%), and CRP (TD=-19.4% vs. PR=-14.3%) with no differences between training systems. These results suggest that RT improves muscle quality and metabolic biomarkers of older women independently of the training system.
authors.affiliation: Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil. Electronic address: alex-silvaribeiro@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Brad J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.affiliation: Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Crisieli M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tomeleri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Décio S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cyrino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Aging; C-reactive protein; Lipoproteins; Muscle; Strength training