title: Plasma Apelin Concentrations in Patients With Polyuria-Polydipsia Syndrome.
abstract: Apelin and arginine vasopressin are antagonists in the regulation of body fluid and osmotic homeostasis. There are no data about apelin levels in patients with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS).
  
  
  
  To investigate plasma apelin levels and plasma apelin to copeptin ratios in patients with PPS and healthy volunteers using copeptin as a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin.
  
  
  
  We included 41 patients with PPS in this post hoc analysis of a prospective study performed in tertiary care hospitals in Switzerland and Germany and 113 healthy volunteers as a control group.
  
  
  
  Plasma apelin and copeptin levels were measured in 15 patients with complete central diabetes insipidus (DI), seven patients with complete nephrogenic DI, 19 patients with primary polydipsia (PP), and 113 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  
  Plasma apelin levels were highest in patients with complete nephrogenic DI (413 pmol/L; interquartile range, 332-504 pmol/L; P = .01) and lower in patients with PP (190 [172-215] pmol/L; P < .001) or complete central DI (209 [174-241] pmol/L; P = .02) as compared to healthy volunteers (254 [225-311] pmol/L). Plasma apelin to copeptin ratio in patients with PP (53 [38-92] pmol/pmol; P > .9) was similar to healthy volunteers (57 [37-102] pmol/pmol). In contrast, the apelin to copeptin ratio was higher in patients with complete central DI (89 [73-135] pmol/pmol; P = .02) and lower in patients with complete nephrogenic DI (7 [6-10] pmol/pmol; P < .001) compared to healthy volunteers.
  
  
  
  In PP, normal plasma apelin to copeptin ratio attests a normal water homeostasis. In contrast, in patients with central or nephrogenic DI, the increased or decreased apelin to copeptin ratio, respectively, reflects a disturbed osmotic and body fluid homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sandrine Andrea
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Urwyler
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Timper
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fenske
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Mota
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nica
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frech
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Birsen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arici
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rutishauser
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stettler
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katan
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Llorens-Cortes
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ-Crain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000073861:Apelin; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059606:Polydipsia / Q000097:blood*; D011141:Polyuria / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D006020:Glycopeptides; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C048197:copeptins