title: Therapeutic Effect Analysis of Sinomenine on Rat Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of sinomenine (SIN) on rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the molecular mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-five rats were equally randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, and SIN group, and reversible rat MCAO model was made according to the Longa method for the MCAO and SIN groups. Then, 15 rats from each group were decapitated at 6, 12, and 24 hours after reperfusion to obtain brain tissue samples. Rats in the SIN group were injected with sinomenine by tail vein (90 mg/kg) 1 hour before ischemia; rats in the MCAO and sham-operated groups were administrated with the same volume of saline. Neurological severity score (NSS), infarction volume, ischemic brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were determined at corresponding time points. Acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) 1a mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; ischemic brain contents of lactic acid (LD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), ATPase, and inflammatory factors were determined by spectrophotometric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 hours after reperfusion and since then, NSS in the SIN group decreased obviously; infarction volume, brain water content, and BBB permeability in the SIN group were lower than those in the MCAO group (P < .05). IR injury resulted in the upregulation of the contents of ASIC1a mRNA, LD, LDH, and inflammatory factors and the downregulation of the contents of ATPase, while SIN could reverse the upregulation/downregulation effect induced by IR injury (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through its anti-inflammation effect, which alleviates acidosis, improves energy metabolism, and inhibits ASIC1a level, SIN protects ischemic rat brain against cerebral IR injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Fangbo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ruiting
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: atyl_liu@126.com.
authors.forename: Yunlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000138:Acidosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000628:therapy*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009019:Morphinans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C568268:Asic1 protein, rat; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009019:Morphinans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C009271:sinomenine
keywords: ASIC1a; ATPase; Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion; acidosis; inflammatory factors