title: Voluntary Movement Frequencies in Submaximal One- and Two-Legged Knee Extension Exercise and Pedaling.
abstract: Understanding of behavior and control of human voluntary rhythmic stereotyped leg movements is useful in work to improve performance, function, and rehabilitation of exercising, healthy, and injured humans. The present study aimed at adding to the existing understanding within this field. To pursue the aim, correlations between freely chosen movement frequencies in relatively simple, single-joint, one- and two-legged knee extension exercise were investigated. The same was done for more complex, multiple-joint, one- and two-legged pedaling. These particular activities were chosen because they could be considered related to some extent, as they shared a key aspect of knee extension, and because they at the same time were different. The activities were performed at submaximal intensities, by healthy individuals (n = 16, thereof eight women; 23.4 ± 2.7 years; 1.70 ± 0.11 m; 68.6 ± 11.2 kg). High and fair correlations (R-values of 0.99 and 0.75) occurred between frequencies generated with the dominant leg and the nondominant leg during knee extension exercise and pedaling, respectively. Fair to high correlations (R-values between 0.71 and 0.95) occurred between frequencies performed with each of the two legs in an activity, and the two-legged frequency performed in the same type of activity. In general, the correlations were higher for knee extension exercise than for pedaling. Correlations between knee extension and pedaling frequencies were of modest occurrence. The correlations between movement frequencies generated separately by each of the legs might be interpreted to support the following working hypothesis, which was based on existing literature. It is likely that involved central pattern generators (CPGs) of the two legs share a common frequency generator or that separate frequency generators of each leg are attuned via interneuronal connections. Further, activity type appeared to be relevant. Thus, the apparent common rhythmogenesis for the two legs appeared to be stronger for the relatively simple single-joint activity of knee extension exercise as compared to the more complex multi-joint activity of pedaling. Finally, it appeared that the shared aspect of knee extension in the related types of activities of knee extension exercise and pedaling was insufficient to cause obvious correlations between generated movement frequencies in the two types of activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Håvard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiig
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Marte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermansen
authors.affiliation: Research Interest Group of Physical Activity and Human Performance, SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ernst Albin
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hansen
keywords: cycling cadence; motor control; preferred pedaling rate; rhythmic movement; voluntary motor behavior