title: Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction School-Age Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children who experienced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may be at increased risk for adverse neurologic developmental outcomes during the school-age years of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the effect of IUGR on cognition and behavior in school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched for English-language articles published after 1980.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included case-control studies reporting cognitive and/or behavioral data of children who had IUGR and were evaluated afterfifth birthday.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive data from 15 studies and behavioral data from 6 studies were selected with a total of 1559 cases and 1630 controls. The cognitive scores and behavioral outcomes were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The controls had significantly higher cognitive scores than the children with IUGR (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.51 to -0.25, P < .00001). The IQ scores of the IUGR group were not significantly correlated with mean birth weight and gestational age (P > .05). Five trials were included in the behavioral outcomes trial, the behavior scores were significantly different between the groups with and without IUGR (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48, P = .001). The incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was not significantly different between 2 groups (P = .11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of studies that assessed behavioral and ADHD outcome is small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrate that IUGR is associated with lower cognitive scores in school-age children. However, further large-scale trials are needed to assess the effects of IUGR on the outcome of behavioral disorder and ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Juncao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China wycpyfu@163.com.
authors.forename: Pingyang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Kaiju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003071:Cognition; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests