title: Association between alcohol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies examining the association between alcohol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer have given inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to summarize and examine the evidence regarding the association between alcohol intake and pancreatic cancer risk based on results from prospective cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched electronic databases consisting of PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and the Cochrane Library identifying studies published up to Aug 2015. Only prospective studies that reported effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of pancreatic cancer, examining different alcohol intake categories compared with a low alcohol intake category were included. Results of individual studies were pooled using a random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 19 prospective studies (21 cohorts) reporting data from 4,211,129 individuals. Low-to-moderate alcohol intake had little or no effect on the risk of pancreatic cancer. High alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (risk ratio [RR], 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06-1.25). Pooled analysis also showed that high liquor intake was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (RR, 1.43; 95% CI: 1.17-1.74). Subgroup analyses suggested that high alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in North America, when the duration of follow-up was greater than 10 years, in studies scored as high quality, and in studies with adjustments for smoking status, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and energy intake..
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-to-moderate alcohol intake was not significantly associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, whereas high alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, liquor intake in particular was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, Anhui provincial hospital, NO.17, Lujiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230001, China.
authors.forename: Ye-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, Anhui provincial hospital, NO.17, Lujiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230001, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, Anhui provincial hospital, NO.17, Lujiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230001, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, Anhui provincial hospital, NO.17, Lujiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230001, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of gastroenterology, Anhui provincial hospital, NO.17, Lujiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230001, China. fanghuayinganhui@126.com.
authors.forename: Hua-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000438:Alcohols / Q000633:toxicity; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols
keywords: Alcohol; Meta-analysis; Pancreatic cancer