title: Diarylheptanoids Rich Fraction of Alnus nepalensis Attenuates Malaria Pathogenesis: In-vitro and In-vivo Study.
abstract: Diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis leaves have been reported for promising activity against filariasis, a mosquito-borne disease, and this has prompted us to investigate its anti-malarial and safety profile using in-vitro and in-vivo bioassays. A. nepalensis leaf extracts were tested in-vitro against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 by measuring the parasite specific lactate dehydrogenase activity. Among all, the chloroform extract (ANC) has shown promising anti-plasmodial activity (IC50 8.06 ± 0.26 µg/mL). HPLC analysis of ANC showed the presence of diarylheptanoids. Efficacy and safety of ANC were further validated in in-vivo system using Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria model and acute oral toxicity in mice. Malaria was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of P. berghei infected red blood cells to the female Balb/c mice. ANC was administered orally at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/day following Peter's 4 day suppression test. Oral administration of ANC showed significant reduction of parasitaemia and increase in mean survival time. It also attributed to inhibition of the parasite induced pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as afford to significant increase in the blood glucose and haemoglobin level when compared with vehicle-treated infected mice. In-vivo safety evaluation study revealed that ANC is non-toxic at higher concentration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.affiliation: Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
authors.forename: Harveer Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
authors.forename: Madan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
authors.forename: Mahendra P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Darokar
authors.affiliation: Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
authors.forename: Dnyaneshwar U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Bawankule
mesh_terms: D029661:Alnus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D036381:Diarylheptanoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Alnus nepalensis; diarylheptanoids; malaria; mice