title: Wood degradation under UV irradiation: A lignin characterization.
abstract: The photodegradation of white spruce by artificial ageing was studied by several techniques: colourimetry, FTIR-ATR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Samples were exposed at a xenon lamp for 2000h. Two distinct colour changes were found by colourimetric analysis, yellowing and silvering. These colour modifications indicate the formation of chromophoric structures which supports previous FTIR-ATR experiments. The degradation of lignin to generate the first chromophoric group for yellowing and then the appearance of surface layer cellulose. New carbonyl compounds conjugated with double bond at 1615cm(-1) are probably the second chromophoric group. The crystallinity index was also calculated and showed an increase of cellulose crystallinity by prior degradation of amorphous cellulose. The FT-Raman analysis confirms the wood sensitivity to photodegradation but the most remarkable results is the increase of fluorescence as a function of time. In softwood lignin, the compound able to produce fluorescence is a free rotating 5-5' linkage of one biphenyl structure. At native state these linkages are not free rotating, this phenomenon means the release of 5-5' linkage of lignin structure by cleavage of both α carbon linkages (Norrish type I reaction). These data confirm also the photosensitivity of α and β carbon in lignin and the resistance of 5-5' linkages.
authors.affiliation: Département des sciences et de la forêt, Pavillon Gene H. Kruger, 2425, rue de la terrasse, université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cogulet
authors.affiliation: Département des sciences et de la forêt, Pavillon Gene H. Kruger, 2425, rue de la terrasse, université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: pierre.blanchet@ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.affiliation: Département des sciences et de la forêt, Pavillon Gene H. Kruger, 2425, rue de la terrasse, université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Véronic
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Landry
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D008031:Lignin
keywords: Colour measurement; FTIR; Lignin; Photodegradation; Raman; Wood