title: Secondhand smoke exposure and mental health problems in Korean adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) and mental health problems among Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the 2011 Korean Community Health Survey. From the total of 229,226 participants aged 19 years or above, we excluded 48,679 current smokers, 36,612 former smokers, 3,036 participants with a history of stroke, 2,264 participants with a history of myocardial infarction, 14,115 participants who experienced at least one day in bed per month due to disability, and 855 participants for whom information regarding SHSE or mental health problems was not available. The final analysis was performed with 22,818 men and 100,847 women. Participants were classified into four groups according to the duration of SHSE: none, <1 hr/d, 1-<3 hr/d, and ≥3 hr/d. The presence of depressive symptoms, diagnosed depression, and high stress were measured by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle, and chronic disease, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of depressive symptoms with 1-<3 hr/d and ≥3 hr/d SHSE were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.82) and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.46 to 1.74), respectively. However, SHSE ≥3 hr/d had a higher OR of 1.37 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.58) for diagnosed depression. SHSE was also associated with high stress (1-<3 hr/d: OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.76; ≥3 hr/d: OR, 1.33 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.40). However, the association between SHSE and symptoms of depression and stress did not differ significantly by region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SHSE may be associated with mental health problems such as depression and stress in Korean adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Na Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.|Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hansol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.|Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Na Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee-Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Depression; Mental health; Secondhand smoke; Stress