title: Pharmacokinetic modeling of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for premature infants, and newborns through 5-year-olds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Absorbed dose estimates for pediatric patients require pharmacokinetics that are, to the extent possible, age-specific. Such age-specific pharmacokinetic data are lacking for many of the diagnostic agents typically used in pediatric imaging. We have developed a pharmacokinetic model of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) applicable to premature infants and to 0- (newborns) to 5-year-old patients, which may be used to generate model-derived time-integrated activity coefficients and absorbed dose calculations for these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FDG compartmental model developed by Hays and Segall for adults was fitted to published data from infants and also to a retrospective data set collected at the Boston Children's Hospital (BCH). The BCH data set was also used to examine the relationship between uptake of FDG in different organs and patient weight or age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial changes in the structure of the FDG model were required to fit the pediatric data. Fitted rate constants and fractional blood volumes were reduced relative to the adult values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetic models developed differ substantially from adult pharmacokinetic (PK) models which can have considerable impact on the dosimetric models for pediatric patients. This approach may be used as a model for estimating dosimetry in children from other radiopharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.|Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kitiwat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khamwan
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Donika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plyku
authors.affiliation: J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodkind
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Frederic H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: S Ted
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Treves
authors.affiliation: J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bolch
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. gsgouros@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgouros
keywords: Compartmental modeling; FDG; Pediatric imaging; Pharmacokinetics