title: The association of gender, age, and intelligence with neuropsychological functioning in young typically developing children: The Generation R study.
abstract: Although early childhood is a period of rapid neurocognitive development, few studies have assessed neuropsychological functioning in various cognitive domains in young typically developing children. Also, results regarding its association with gender and intelligence are mixed. In 853 typically developing children aged 6 to 10 years old, the association of gender, age, and intelligence with neuropsychological functioning in the domains of attention, executive functioning, language, memory, sensorimotor functioning, and visuospatial processing was explored. Clear positive associations with age were observed. In addition, gender differences were found and showed that girls generally outperformed boys, with the exception of visuospatial tasks. Furthermore, IQ was positively associated with neuropsychological functioning, which was strongest in visuospatial tasks. Performance in different neuropsychological domains was associated with age, gender, and intelligence in young typically developing children, and these factors should be taken into account when assessing neuropsychological functioning in clinical or research settings.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabine E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mous
authors.affiliation: c Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nikita K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
authors.affiliation: a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laura M E
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blanken
authors.affiliation: a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|d School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences , Erasmus University , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thijssen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Ende
authors.affiliation: e Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research , Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tinca J C
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Polderman
authors.affiliation: b The Generation R Study Group , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|f Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|g Department of Pediatrics , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: f Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|f Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
authors.affiliation: a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology , Erasmus MC - Sophia , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|h Department of Radiology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tonya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Children; NEPSY-II-NL; epidemiology; neuropsychology; typical development