title: Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users.
abstract: Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a major public health problem. While some studies have reported frequent comorbidity problems among cocaine users, few studies have included evaluation of gambling problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling problems and compare those who were at-risk gamblers with non-problem gamblers in terms of mental health problems, substance use problems, and some risk factors (i.e. family antecedents, erroneous perceptions and coping strategies) among individuals who smoke or inject cocaine. A total of 424 smoked or injected cocaine users recruited through community-based programs in Montreal (Quebec) completed the questionnaire, including the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the CAGE, and the Severity Dependence Scale. Of the sample, 18.4 % were considered at-risk gamblers, of whom 7.8 % had problems gambling and 10.6 % were moderate-risk gamblers. The at-risk group was more likely to have experienced a recent phobic disorder and alcohol problems than the non-problem group. A multivariate analysis showed that, compared to those who were non-problem gamblers, the at-risk ones were more likely to have lost a large sum of money when they first started gambling, believed that their luck would turn, and gambled in reaction to painful life events. These results indicate the need to include routines for screening to identify gambling problem among cocaine users.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada. Magali.Dufour@usherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Noël
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: Douglas Mental Health Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perreault
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jutras-Aswad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Adèle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morvannou
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.|Department of Family Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruneau
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Djamal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berbiche
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.|Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Élise
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003042:Cocaine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Addiction; Cocaine user; Comorbidity; Coping strategies; Gambling problem; Substance abuse