title: Acute High-Dose and Chronic Lifetime Exposure to Alcohol Consumption and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: T-CALOS Korea.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of acute high-dose and chronic lifetime exposure to alcohol and exposure patterns on the development of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  
  
  
  The Thyroid Cancer Longitudinal Study (T-CALOS) included 2,258 DTC patients (449 men and 1,809 women) and 22,580 healthy participants (4,490 men and 18,090 women) who were individually matched by age, gender, and enrollment year. In-person interviews were conducted with a structured questionnaire to obtain epidemiologic data. Clinicopathologic features of the patients were obtained by chart reviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using conditional regression models.
  
  
  
  While light or moderate drinking behavior was related to a reduced risk of DTC, acute heavy alcohol consumption (151 g or more per event or on a single occasion) was associated with increased risks in men (OR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.27-3.87) and women (OR = 3.61, 95%CI = 1.52-8.58) compared with never-drinkers. The consumption of alcohol for 31 or more years was a significant risk factor for DTC for both men (31-40 years: OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.10-2.28; 41+ years: OR = 3.46, 95%CI = 2.06-5.80) and women (31-40 years: OR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.62-2.92; 41+ years: OR = 2.71, 95%CI = 1.36-5.05) compared with never-drinkers. The consumption of a large amount of alcohol on a single occasion was also a significant risk factor, even after restricting DTC outcomes to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension and TNM stage.
  
  
  
  The findings of this study suggest that the threshold effects of acute high-dose alcohol consumption and long-term alcohol consumption are linked to an increased risk of DTC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yunji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Breast and Thyroid Cancer Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyungju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.|Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: BeLong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Daehee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sue K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*