title: Incidence and Management of Glaucoma in Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease.
abstract: To analyse the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of glaucoma in Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) disease and study the changes in visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) with treatment.
  
  
  
  Retrospective chart analysis of 448 eyes of 224 patients of Indian origin diagnosed with VKH disease from January 1990 to December 2013, who had a minimum follow-up of 3 months was performed.
  
  
  
  Seventy-one eyes (15.8%) developed sustained elevation in IOP. The prevalence of glaucoma at presentation was 15.8% and the cumulative incidence of glaucoma was 11.7%. The mechanisms of glaucoma were open-angle glaucoma in 46 eyes, (64.8%), angle closure in 21 eyes (29.6%), and of combined mechanisms in the remainder (4 eyes, 5.6%). Acute angle-closure crisis developed in 9 eyes (12.6%). Uveal effusion (odds ratio 9.47; confidence interval, 4.08-20.03) and increased number of recurrences (odds ratio 1.31; confidence interval, 1.13-1.53) were found to be significant risk factors for the development of glaucoma. Successful control of IOP was achieved in 64% at 12 months using medical/ laser treatment for glaucoma and was 50 % at 12 months following surgical management.
  
  
  
  Glaucoma is a frequent complication of uveitis in VKH disease. Presence of uveal effusion and increased number of recurrences of inflammation are significant risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Sri Jadhavbhai Nathmal Singhvi Department of Glaucoma Sankara Nethralaya, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Shantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balekudaru
authors.forename: Devendra V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Venkatramani
authors.forename: Amala E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lingam
authors.forename: Jyotirmay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biswas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D032801:Iridectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014130:Trabeculectomy; D014605:Uveitis / Q000209:etiology; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors