title: A review on B-type natriuretic peptide monitoring: assays and biosensors.
abstract: Since its discovery in 1988, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been recognized as a powerful cardiovascular biomarker for a number of disease states, specifically heart failure. Concurrent with such a discovery, much effort has been allocated to the precise monitoring of physiological BNP levels. Thus, it can be used to guide the therapy of heart failure and determine the patient's stage of disease. Thus, we discuss in this article BNP as a potent biomarker. Subsequently, we will review the progress of biosensing devices as they could be applied to monitor BNP levels as assays, benchtop biosensors and implantable biosensors. The analytical characteristics of commercially available BNP assays are presented. Still emerging as a field, we define four obstacles that present opportunity for the future development of implantable biosensor: foreign body response, sensor renewability, sensitivity and selectivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University Louaize, P.O. Box 72, Zouk Mikael, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon. rita.maalouf@ndu.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maalouf
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: Biomarker; Brain natriuretic peptide; Heart failure; Implantable biosensor