title: [Brain damage after general anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S100B protein is a serum marker of cerebral damage. The objective was to evaluate the brain damage caused by general anaesthesia, by determining the concentration of serum S100B protein before and after of general anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy and indications for tonsillectomy were included. A venous blood sample was taken from the patients before general anaesthesia (basal sample). The patients were anaesthetised using the following intravenous anaesthetic drugs: midazolam, fentanyl and propofol; and inhaled sevoflurane. A second venous blood sample (postoperative sample) was taken from patients after the surgery, in the operating room. The concentration of serum S100B protein was determined in the basal sample (S100Bb) and postoperative sample (S100Bp) by immunoassay electro-chemiluminescence in MODULAR E-170 (Roche Diagnostics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six patients were included, 46 males and 30 females, aged between 3 to 14 (median 5 years). In all the patients, serum S100B protein levels increased after general anaesthesia. The values of S100Bp (median 164.0 ng/L) were significantly higher than the values of S100Bb (median 94.5 ng/L). The median of the difference between S100Bp and S100Bb was 58.0 ng/L. There were statistically significant differences between S100Bb and S100Bp using the Wilcoxon test (P<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of serum S100B protein increased significantly after general anaesthesia. This indicates that general anaesthesia may cause brain damage.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mesa Suárez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorio, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, España; Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, España. Electronic address: jdsantotoribioc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José Diego
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Santotoribio
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital de Jerez de la Frontera, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramos Ramos
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital de Jerez de la Frontera, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: María Ángela
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: González García
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorio, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, España; Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez Ramos
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Portilla Huertas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz Hoyos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014068:Tonsillectomy
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015415:Biomarkers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Anestesia general; Brain damage; Daño cerebral; Fentanilo; Fentanyl; General anaesthesia; Midazolam; Propofol; Proteína S100B; S100B protein; Sevoflurane; Sevoflurano