title: Targeting nuclear transporters in cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential.
abstract: The Karyopherin superfamily is a major class of soluble transport receptors consisting of both import and export proteins. The trafficking of proteins involved in transcription, cell signalling and cell cycle regulation among other functions across the nuclear membrane is essential for normal cellular functioning. However, in cancer cells, the altered expression or localization of nuclear transporters as well as the disruption of endogenous nuclear transport inhibitors are some ways in which the Karyopherin proteins are dysregulated. The value of nuclear transporters in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer is currently being elucidated with recent studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stelma
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Pauline J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van der Watt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrico
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavia
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Virna D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Leaner
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D028901:alpha Karyopherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D028884:Karyopherins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D014157:Transcription Factors; D028901:alpha Karyopherins; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein; C490630:KPNA2 protein, human; C469745:LDLRAP1 protein, human; C111246:HTATIP2 protein, human
keywords: CRM1/Exportin; Karyopherin/Importin; cancer; diagnostic/prognostic cancer biomarkers; nuclear transport; therapeutic target