title: Comparison of growth & function of endothelial progenitor cells cultured on deproteinized bovine bone modified with covalently bound fibronectin and bound vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess and compare the growth and function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) cultured on covalently bonded Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and covalently bonded Fibronectin (FN) coating on deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) (test samples), compared to non-modified DBB blocks (control sample).
  
  
  METHODS
  The test samples were prepared by plasma polymerization of allylamine onto DBB blocks. Group1 of test samples were prepared with VEGF coating (VEGF-DBB) where as the Group2 test samples were coated with FN (FN-DBB). Non-modified DBB blocks served as a Control. EPCs were isolated and cultivated from buffy coats of peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and cultivated in the different samples and examined at time intervals of 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days. Evaluation of growth by cell count and cell morphology was done using Confocal Laser Scanning Electron Microscopy; vitality and function of cells was assessed using MTT assay and RT-PCR and ELISA for eNOS and iNOS respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the study show that both VEGF and FN could be successfully immobilized by plasma polymerization onto a complex, porous, three-dimensional structure of DBB. When comparing vital cell coverage, proliferation and function of EPCs, FN-DBB provided more positive values followed by VEGF-DBB as compared to DBB samples. eNOS level were significant higher in VEGF-DBB and FN-DBB when compared to DBB (P = 0.019 and P = 0.002). The difference between VEGF-DBB and FN-DBB was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biomimetic coatings of Fibronectin may clinically relate to faster angiogenesis and earlier healing potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of Rostock University, Rostock, Germany.|Head and Neck Institute, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center and Center for Translational Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Vinay V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-4281
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Structure and Microanalysis, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Eik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schiegnitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Nawas
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of Rostock University, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Peer W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kämmerer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005353:Fibronectins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
keywords: biomaterials; bone substitutes; growth factors; material sciences; morphometric analysis; surface chemistry