title: Electrochemical treatment of water containing Microcystis aeruginosa in a fixed bed reactor with three-dimensional conductive diamond anodes.
abstract: An electrochemical treatment was investigated to remove Microcystis aeruginosa from water. A fixed bed reactor in flow was tested, which was equipped with electrodes constituted by stacks of grids electrically connected in parallel, with the electric field parallel to the fluid flow. Conductive diamond were used as anodes, platinised Ti as cathode. Electrolyses were performed in continuous and in batch recirculated mode with flow rates corresponding to Re from 10 to 160, current densities in the range 10-60Am(-2) and Cl(-) concentrations up to 600gm(-3). The absorbance of chlorophyll-a pigment and the concentration of products and by-products of electrolysis were measured. In continuous experiments without algae in the inlet stream, total oxidants concentrations as equivalent Cl2, of about 0.7gCl2m(-3) were measured; the maximum values were obtained at Re=10 and i=25Am(-2), with values strongly dependent on the concentration of Cl(-). The highest algae inactivation was obtained under the operative conditions of maximum generation of oxidants; in the presence of microalgae the oxidants concentrations were generally below the detection limit. Results indicated that most of the bulk oxidants electrogenerated is constituted by active chlorine. The prevailing mechanism of M. aeruginosa inactivation is the disinfection by bulk oxidants. The experimental data were quantitatively interpreted through a simple plug flow model, in which the axial dispersion accounts for the non-ideal flow behaviour of the system; the model was successfully used to simulate the performances of the reactor in the single-stack configuration used for the experiments and in multi-stack configurations.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123 Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: michele.mascia@unica.it.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monasterio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vacca
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmas
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D018130:Diamond; D004203:Disinfection; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D046931:Microcystis; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002713:Chlorine; D018130:Diamond; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: Conductive diamond; Electrochemical treatment; M. aeruginosa; Mathematical model; Three-dimensional electrodes