title: Long-term urological outcomes in cloacal anomalies.
abstract: Cloacal anomalies are the most complex and severe form of congenital anorectal malformations (ARM) and urogenital malformations, and it has been well documented that increased severity of ARM leads to worse outcomes. While short-term data on persistent cloaca are available, a paucity of data on long-term outcomes exists, largely because of a lack of uniform terminology, inclusion with other ARM and evolution of the operative technique. On comprehensive review of the published literature on long-term urological outcomes in patients with cloacal anomalies, we found a significant risk of chronic kidney disease and incontinence, however, with improvements in surgical technique, outcomes have improved. Continence often requires intermittent catheterization and in some cases, bladder augmentation. The complexity of cloacal malformations and associated anomalies make long-term multidisciplinary follow-up imperative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children׳s Hospital Colorado, 13123 East, 16th Ave Box 463, Aurora, Colorado 80045. Electronic address: brian.caldwell@childrenscolorado.org.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children׳s Hospital Colorado, 13123 East, 16th Ave Box 463, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
authors.forename: Duncan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000071056:Anorectal Malformations / Q000150:complications*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Chronic renal insufficiency failure; Cloaca; Continence; Long-term urologic outcomes