title: DNA based association and description of the larval stage ofDrusus melanchaetesMcLachlan, 1876 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Drusinae) with notes on ecology and zoogeography.
abstract: At three alpine locations in Switzerland adults ofDrusus melanchaetesand unknown Drusinae larvae which could not be identified with existing keys were sampled. Based on DNA association with adults, we identified the unknown larvae asD. melanchaetes. To further support the association of specimens a phylogeny was estimated with the putative closest relatives ofD. melanchaetes-D. monticolaandD. nigrescens- and five other species ofDrusus(D. chrysotus, destitutus, discolor, muelleriandromanicus). A highly supported monophyletic clade groups unknown larvae andD. melanchaetesspecimens from the central Alps and Austria (Vorarlberg), confirming the association. Based on morphology, larvae ofDrusus melanchaeteskey out together withD. destitutusin existing keys.D. melanchaetesis separated from the latter species by the shape of the lateral head profile which is almost straight and shows a small step at the height of the antenna, whereas inD. destitutusthe lateral head profile is evenly rounded. In addition, in frontal view, the shape of the lateral head outline is straight inD. melanchaetesand rounded inD. destititus. There are also differences in the shape of the pronotum and in the number of the posterodorsal setae at the eighth abdominal dorsum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Freshwater Ecology, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waringer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute, Gelnhausen, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Pauls
authors.affiliation: Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vicentini
authors.affiliation: Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lubini
keywords: Drusus melanchaetes; Trichoptera; description; distribution; ecology; fifth instar larva; identification; mitochondrial DNA