title: Animal models of myocardial infarction: Mainstay in clinical translation.
abstract: Preclinical models with high prognostic power are a prerequisite for translational research. The closer the similarity of a model to myocardial infarction (MI), the higher is the prognostic value for clinical trials. An ideal MI model should present cardinal signs and pathology that resemble the human disease. The increasing understanding of MI stratification and etiology, however, complicates the choice of animal model for preclinical studies. An ultimate animal model, relevant to address all MI related pathophysiology is yet to be developed. However, many of the existing MI models comprising small and large animals are useful in answering specific questions. An appropriate MI model should be selected after considering both the context of the research question and the model properties. This review addresses the strengths, and limitations of current MI models for translational research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India. Electronic address: budhanimukesh1991@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India. Electronic address: ishreddy4@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eshvendar Reddy
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kasala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India. Electronic address: laxmi.naren21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Narendra
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Bodduluru
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India. Electronic address: dahiya.vicky681@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India. Electronic address: sharma231088@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: vikas.phe@iitbhu.ac.in.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India. Electronic address: dr_mlahkar@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Mangala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D000067268:Isolated Heart Preparation; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D013045:Species Specificity; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Animal model; Infarction; Ischemia; Reperfusion