title: Evolution and perspectives of cultivar identification and traceability from tree to oil and table olives by means of DNA markers.
abstract: In recent years, an increasing number of typicality marks has been awarded to high-quality olive oils produced from local cultivars. In this case, quality control requires effective varietal checks of the starting materials. Moreover, accurate cultivar identification is essential in vegetative-propagated plants distributed by nurseries and is a pre-requisite to register new cultivars. Food genomics provides many tools for cultivar identification and traceability from tree to oil and table olives. The results of the application of different classes of DNA markers to olive with the purpose of checking cultivar identity and variability of plant material are extensively discussed in this review, with special regard to repeatability issues and polymorphism degree. The characterization of olive germplasm from all countries of the Mediterranean basin and from less studied geographical areas is described and innovative high-throughput molecular tools to manage reference collections are reviewed. Then the transferability of DNA markers to processed products - virgin olive oils and table olives - is overviewed to point out strengths and weaknesses, with special regard to (i) the influence of processing steps and storage time on the quantity and quality of residual DNA, (ii) recent advances to overcome the bottleneck of DNA extraction from processed products, (iii) factors affecting whole comparability of DNA profiles between fresh plant materials and end-products, (iv) drawbacks in the analysis of multi-cultivar versus single-cultivar end-products and (v) the potential of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasqualone
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montemurro
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: di Rienzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Summo
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito Michele
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Paradiso
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caponio
mesh_terms: D018744:DNA, Plant; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D031658:Olea / Q000235:genetics*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013045:Species Specificity; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers; D000069463:Olive Oil
keywords: DNA; cultivar identification; molecular markers; olive oil; table olives; traceability