title: Functional fitness norms for community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong.
abstract: This study aimed to establish normative data for older adults in Hong Kong and explore age and sex differences in functional fitness.
  
  
  
  A sample of 944 independent community-dwellers, aged 65-74 years, was evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test battery in addition to hand grip and single leg stance tests. Normative data were reported for the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles in 5-year age groups.
  
  
  
  Except for upper extremity muscle strength in women and body mass index (BMI) in both sexes, ageing-associated degradation was observed in all testing parameters especially in flexibility, balance, and agility. Significant sex differences were found in all testing parameters with the exception of BMI and static balance with eyes open. Moreover, men demonstrated higher capacities for muscle strength, agility, balance, and aerobic endurance, whereas women showed superior flexibility.
  
  
  
  The normative values enable the evaluation of individual performance regarding the fitness status of older adults in Hong Kong.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: pkchung@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Pak-Kwong
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Jing-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Binh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010809:Physical Fitness; D004856:Postural Balance; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Functional fitness; Hong Kong; Norm; Older adult