title: Low-frequency, low-magnitude vibrations (LFLM) enhances chondrogenic differentiation potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hASCs).
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate if low-frequency, low-magnitude vibrations (LFLM) could enhance chondrogenic differentiation potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) with simultaneous inhibition of their adipogenic properties for biomedical purposes. We developed a prototype device that induces low-magnitude (0.3 g) low-frequency vibrations with the following frequencies: 25, 35 and 45 Hz. Afterwards, we used human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell (hASCS), to investigate their cellular response to the mechanical signals. We have also evaluated hASCs morphological and proliferative activity changes in response to each frequency. Induction of chondrogenesis in hASCs, under the influence of a 35 Hz signal leads to most effective and stable cartilaginous tissue formation through highest secretion of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2), and Collagen type II, with low concentration of Collagen type I. These results correlated well with appropriate gene expression level. Simultaneously, we observed significant up-regulation of α3, α4, β1 and β3 integrins in chondroblast progenitor cells treated with 35 Hz vibrations, as well as Sox-9. Interestingly, we noticed that application of 35 Hz frequencies significantly inhibited adipogenesis of hASCs. The obtained results suggest that application of LFLM vibrations together with stem cell therapy might be a promising tool in cartilage regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Wroclaw Research Centre EIT +, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marycz
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology , Wrocław , Poland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital and Polyclinic, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Brandon M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital and Polyclinic, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, Bronislaw Czech University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Golec
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marędziak
keywords: Adipogenesis; Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Chondrogenesis; Low-magnitude low-frequency vibration stimulation