title: Modern techniques of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of primary central nervous system lymphoma: contributions to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
abstract: In addition to findings from conventional magnetic resonance imaging, modern magnetic resonance imaging techniques have provided important information about tumor metabolism, in vivo metabolite formation, water molecule diffusion, microvascular density, and blood-brain barrier permeability, all of which have improved the in vivo diagnostic accuracy of this method in the evaluation of primary central nervous system lymphoma. These nonconventional magnetic resonance techniques are useful in the clinical practice because they enhance conventional magnetic resonance imaging by reinforcing the possibility of a diagnosis and by allowing the early detection of disease recurrence. This report is a review of the most relevant contributions of nonconventional magnetic resonance techniques to the imaging diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma, the differential diagnosis of this disease, and the prognosis of patients. This paper aims to describe a wide range of presentations of primary central nervous system lymphoma, their appearance in imaging, and the differential diagnoses of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: a.rocha@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Antonio José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Vasconcelos
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Sobreira Guedes
authors.affiliation: Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Maira Bueno
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: da Silveira da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos Martins
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Maia Junior
authors.affiliation: Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Sérgio
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chiattone
keywords: Brain neoplasm; CNS lymphomas; Lymphomatosis cerebri; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neurolymphomatosis; Nonconventional MR; Ocular lymphomas