title: A pilot-scale steam autoclave system for treating municipal solid waste for recovery of renewable organic content: Operational results and energy usage.
abstract: A pilot-scale (1800 kg per batch capacity) autoclave used in this study reduces municipal solid waste to a debris contaminated pulp product that is efficiently separated into its renewable organic content and non-renewable organic content fractions using a rotary trommel screen. The renewable organic content can be recovered at nearly 90% efficiency and the trommel rejects are also much easier to sort for recovery. This study provides the evaluation of autoclave operation, including mass and energy balances for the purpose of integration into organic diversion systems. Several methods of cooking municipal solid waste were explored from indirect oil heating only, a combination of oil and direct steam during the same cooking cycle, and steam only. Gross energy requirements averaged 1290 kJ kg(-1) material in vessel, including the weight of free water and steam added during heating. On average, steam recovery can recoup 43% of the water added and 30% of the energy, supplying on average 40% of steam requirements for the next cook. Steam recycle from one vessel to the next can reduce gross energy requirements to an average of 790 kJ kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA kevin.holtman@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Holtman
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bozzi
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franqui-Villanueva
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Offeman
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Orts
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D010865:Pilot Projects; D059027:Recycling; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis; D013227:Steam; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste; D013227:Steam; D014867:Water
keywords: Municipal solid waste; autoclave; autoclaving; landfill diversion; renewable organic content; steam classification