title: Dietary fatty acids specifically modulate phospholipid pattern in colon cells with distinct differentiation capacities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although beneficial effects of the dietary n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or butyrate in colon carcinogenesis have been implicated, the mechanisms of their action are not fully clear. Here, we investigated modulations of composition of individual phospholipid (PL) classes, with a particular emphasis on cardiolipins (CLs), in colon cells treated with DHA, sodium butyrate (NaBt), or their combination (DHA/NaBt), and we evaluated possible associations between lipid changes and cell fate after fatty acid treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two distinct human colon cell models, foetal colon (FHC) and adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) cells, we compared patterns and composition of individual PL classes following the fatty acid treatment by HPLC-MS/MS. In parallel, we measured the parameters reflecting cell proliferation, differentiation and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In FHC cells, NaBt induced primarily differentiation, while co-treatment with DHA shifted their response towards cell death. In contrast, NaBt induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, which was not further affected by DHA. DHA was incorporated in all main PL types, increasing their unsaturation, while NaBt did not additionally modulate these effects in either cell model. Nevertheless, we identified an unusually wide range of CL species to be highly increased by NaBt and particularly by DHA/NaBt, and these effects were more pronounced in HCT-116 cells. DHA and DHA/NaBt enhanced levels of high molecular weight and more unsaturated CL species, containing DHA, which was specific for either differentiation or apoptotic responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified a wide range of CL species in the colon cells which composition was significantly modified after DHA and NaBt treatment. These specific CL modulations might contribute to distinct cellular differentiation or apoptotic responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiřina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmanová
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slavík
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ovesná
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tylichová
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vondráček
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Nicol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Straková
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alena Hyršlová
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Vaculová
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciganek
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozubík
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knopfová
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Šmarda
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic. machala@vri.cz.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machala
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D020148:Butyric Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Apoptosis; Butyrate; Cardiolipins; Colon cancer; Docosahexaenoic acid; Phospholipids