title: Mismatch Repair and Colon Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapies Explored.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. In sporadic CRC, mutations frequently occur in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. In addition, germline MMR mutations have been linked to Lynch syndrome, the most common form of hereditary CRC. Although genetic mutations, diet, inflammation, and the gut microbiota can influence CRC, it is unclear how MMR deficiency relates to these factors to modulate disease. In this review, the association of MMR to the etiology of CRC is examined, particularly in the context of microRNAs (miRNAs), inflammation, and the microbiome. We also discuss the most current targeted therapies, methods of prevention, and molecular biomarkers against MMR-deficient CRC, all of which are encouraging advancements in the field.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen K H
authors.initials: SKH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: alberto.martin@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D002087:Butyrates; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Lynch syndrome; colon cancer; inflammation; microRNAs; microbiota; mismatch repair