title: Serum uric acid: A strong and independent predictor of metabolic syndrome after adjusting for body composition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some observational studies have suggested that serum uric acid (SUA) levels are one of the determinants of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, previous studies reported combined results for men and women after adjusting for sex and few studies take body composition into consideration. Therefore, we performed this sex-specific longitudinal study to investigate how baseline SUA levels influence incident MetS, including body composition as an adjusting factor in a large number of subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14,442 participants (8715 men and 5727 women) participating in a medical health check-up program without diagnosed MetS at baseline were enrolled. Separate analyses were performed for men and women including body composition as a confounding factor. Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify independent associations between SUA levels and incident MetS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 63,940person-years of follow-up, there were 4215 (2974 men, 1241 women) incident cases of MetS between 2006 and 2012. After adjustments for age, systolic BP, diastolic BP, BMI, eGFR, smoking status, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting glucose, and proportion of fat-free mass (100-fat mass, %), the hazard ratios (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for incident MetS comparing the second, the third, and the fourth quartiles to the first quartile of SUA levels were 0.862 (0.770-0.965), 1.102 (0.991-1.225), and 1.246 (1.121-1.385) in men (p for trend<0.001), and 1.045 (0.862-1.266), 1.251 (1.050-1.490), and 1.321 (1.109-1.574) in women (p for trend<0.001), respectively. As a continuous variable, in fully-adjusted models, the HRs (95% CI) for incident MetS associated with each increase of 1mg/dl of SUA levels were 1.094 (1.060-1.130) in men (p<0.001) and 1.148 (1.072-1.228) in women (p<0.001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that SUA levels are strong and independent predictors of MetS. This relationship remained significant after full adjustments for multiple associated confounders including body composition in both men and women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Yang
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Man
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jaehyeon@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Jae Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Body composition; Longitudinal study; Metabolic syndrome; Serum uric acid