title: Neural correlates of 12-h abstinence-induced craving in young adult smokers: a resting-state study.
abstract: Studying the neural correlates of craving to smoke in young adulthood is of great importance to improve treatment outcomes in nicotine dependence. Previous nicotine dependence studies mainly focused on the neural substrates of craving elicited by smoking-related cues. More explicit attention to abstinence-induced craving during resting state in nicotine dependence has the potential to yield valuable information about craving, and characterizing this kind of craving is critical for developing effective interventions. Twenty-five young male smokers were enrolled in the present study. A within-subject experiment design was carried out to compare regional homogeneity (ReHo) between 12-h smoking abstinence and smoking satiety conditions during resting state in young adult smokers. Then, the ReHo changes associated with smoking abstinence (compared with satiety) were further examined for correlations with abstinence-induced changes in subjective craving. We found young adult smokers in abstinence state (compared with satiety) had higher ReHo in brain regions in fronto-striatal circuits including bilateral caudate, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), as well as brain regions in default mode network (DMN) including posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus and angular gyrus. Additionally, we found the ReHo changes of the ACC and the bilateral caudate were positively correlated with the changes in craving induced by abstinence (i.e., abstinence minus satiety) in young adult smokers. The present findings improve the understanding of the effects of acute smoking abstinence on spontaneous brain activity and may contribute new insights into the neural mechanism of abstinence-induced craving in nicotine dependence.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yangding
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China. kyuan@xidian.edu.cn.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. kyuan@xidian.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiadong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yajuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China. fmydh1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dahua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012146:Rest; D000074285:Smokers / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Abstinence-induced craving; Regional homogeneity (ReHo); Resting state; Within-subject design; Young adult smokers