title: Phenylpropanoid Defences in Nicotiana tabacum Cells: Overlapping Metabolomes Indicate Common Aspects to Priming Responses Induced by Lipopolysaccharides, Chitosan and Flagellin-22.
abstract: Plants have evolved both constitutive and inducible defence strategies to cope with different biotic stimuli and stresses. Exposure of a plant to a challenging stress can lead to a primed state that allows it to launch a more rapid and stronger defence. Here we applied a metabolomic approach to study and compare the responses induced in Nicotiana tabacum cells by microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules, namely lipopolysaccharides (LPS), chitosan (CHT) and flagellin-22 (FLG22). Early response metabolites, extracted with methanol, were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Using multivariate statistical tools the metabolic profiles induced by these elicitors were analysed. In the metabolic fingerprint of these agents a total of 19 cinnamic acid derivatives conjugated to quinic acids (chlorogenic acids), shikimic acid, tyramine, polyamines or glucose were found as discriminant biomarkers. In addition, treatment with the phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MJ) and abscisic acid (ABA) resulted in differentially-induced phenylpropanoid pathway metabolites. The results indicate that the phenylpropanoid pathway is activated by these elicitors while hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are commonly associated with the metabolic response to the MAMPs, and that the activated responses are modulated by both SA and MJ, with ABA not playing a role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Msizi I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mhlongo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lizelle A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Piater
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ntakadzeni E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Madala
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.|CSIR Biosciences, Natural Products and Agroprocessing Group, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Steenkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Dubery
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005408:Flagellin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D054883:Oxylipins; D005408:Flagellin; C011006:jasmonic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D020156:Salicylic Acid