title: The Anatomical Institute at the University of Greifswald during National Socialism: The procurement of bodies and their use for anatomical purposes.
abstract: This is the first comprehensive account of body procurement at the Anatomical Institute at Greifswald University during National Socialism (NS). As in all other German anatomical departments, the bodies received during this period included increasing numbers of victims of the NS regime. Prior to 1939, 90% of all bodies came from hospitals, state nursing homes and mental institutions (Heil- und Pflegeanstalten), but dropped to less than 30% after 1941. While the total catchment area for body procurement decreased, the number of suppliers increased and included prisons, POW camps, Gestapo offices and military jurisdiction authorities. Among the 432 documented bodies delivered to the institute, 132 came from state nursing homes and mental institutions, mainly from Ueckermünde. These were bodies of persons, who probably were victims of "euthanasia" crimes. The Anatomical Institute also procured 46 bodies of forced laborers, of whom at least twelve had been executed. Other groups of victims included 21 bodies of executed Wehrmacht soldiers and 16 Russian prisoners of war from the camp Stalag II C in Greifswald, who had died of starvation and exhaustion. From 1941 onwards, the number of bodies delivered from prisons and penitentiaries greatly increased. In total, 60 bodies of prisoners, mainly from the penitentiary in Gollnow, were delivered to the Anatomical Institute. Greifswald Anatomical Institute was not just a passive recipient of bodies from all of these sources, but the anatomists actively lobbied with the authorities for an increased body supply for teaching and research purposes.
authors.affiliation: University of Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: alverman@uni-greifswald.de.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvermann
authors.affiliation: University of Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mittenzwei
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes / Q000266:history*; D000715:Anatomy / Q000266:history*; D002102:Cadaver; D057237:Criminals / Q000266:history; D004210:Dissection / Q000266:history*; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000266:history; D005858:Germany; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D028683:National Socialism / Q000266:history*; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000266:history*; D014495:Universities / Q000266:history*
keywords: Anatomy; Body procurement; Ethics in anatomy; Greifswald University; History of medicine; National Socialism; Victims