title: Vaccines for the prevention against the threat of MERS-CoV.
abstract: First identified in 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is listed as a new Category C Priority Pathogen. While the high mortality of MERS-CoV infection is further intensified by potential human-to-human transmissibility, no MERS vaccines are available for human use. This review explains immune responses resulting from MERS-CoV infection, describes MERS vaccine criteria, and presents available small animal models to evaluate the efficacy of MERS vaccines. Current advances in vaccine development are summarized, focusing on specific applications and limitations of each vaccine category. Taken together, this review provides valuable guidelines toward the development of an effective and safe MERS vaccine. This article is written for a Special Focus Issue of Expert Review of Vaccines on 'Vaccines for Biodefence'.
authors.affiliation: a Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Lanying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: a Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , New York , NY , USA.|b State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Wanbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: b State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Yusen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , New York , NY , USA.|c Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Shibo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D065207:Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Animal models; MERS; MERS-CoV; immune responses; neutralizing antibody; protection; spike protein; vaccines