title: Precision Medicine: The New Frontier in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
abstract: Precision medicine is defined by the National Institute of Health's Precision Medicine Initiative Working Group as an approach to disease treatment that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. There has been increased interest in applying the concept of precision medicine to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in particular to search for genetic and molecular biomarker-based profiles (so called endotypes) that identify mechanistically distinct disease subgroups. The relevance of precision medicine to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is yet to be established, but we believe that it holds great promise to provide targeted and highly effective therapies to patients. In this manuscript, we describe the field's nascent efforts in genetic/molecular endotype identification and how environmental and behavioral subgroups may also be relevant to disease management.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brownell
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Naftali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Prescott G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Woodruff
authors.affiliation: 3 WZB Consulting, Wilson, Wyoming.
authors.forename: Williamson Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.affiliation: 4 National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richeldi
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Fernando J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Harold R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Collard
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*
keywords: biological markers; endotypes; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; precision medicine; stratified medicine