title: EMD in periodontal regenerative surgery modulates cytokine profiles: A randomised controlled clinical trial.
abstract: The enamel matrix derivative (EMD) contains hundreds of peptides in different levels of proteolytic processing that may provide a range of biological effects of importance in wound healing. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of EMD and its fractions on the cytokine profiles from human gingival fibroblasts in vitro and in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical study (n = 12). Levels of cytokines in cell culture medium and in GCF were measured by Luminex over a 2-week period. In the clinical study, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased, whereas the levels of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were reduced. The in vitro study showed that EMD and its high and low molecular weight fractions reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to untreated cells. EMD had an effect on levels of cytokines related to fibroplasia, angiogenesis, inflammation and chemotaxis both in vitro and in vivo, however, the anti-inflammatory effect induced by EMD observed in the in vitro study could not be confirmed clinically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Johan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wohlfahrt
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Odd Carsten
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Koldsland
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Staale P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyngstadaas
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aass
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Janne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Reseland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010519:Periodontium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D000077214:Becaplermin