title: Sources and Bioactive Properties of Conjugated Dietary Fatty Acids.
abstract: The group of conjugated fatty acids known as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been extensively studied with regard to their bioactive potential in treating some of the most prominent human health malignancies. However, CLA isomers are not the only group of potentially bioactive conjugated fatty acids currently undergoing study. In this regard, isomers of conjugated α-linolenic acid, conjugated nonadecadienoic acid and conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid, to name but a few, have undergone experimental assessment. These studies have indicated many of these conjugated fatty acid isomers commonly possess anti-carcinogenic, anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties, a number of which will be discussed in this review. The mechanisms through which these bioactivities are mediated have not yet been fully elucidated. However, existing evidence indicates that these fatty acids may play a role in modulating the expression of several oncogenes, cell cycle regulators, and genes associated with energy metabolism. Despite such bioactive potential, interest in these conjugated fatty acids has remained low relative to the CLA isomers. This may be partly attributed to the relatively recent emergence of these fatty acids as bioactives, but also due to a lack of awareness regarding sources from which they can be produced. In this review, we will also highlight the common sources of these conjugated fatty acids, including plants, algae, microbes and chemosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.|APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.affiliation: APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.|School of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.|School of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland. catherine.stanton@teagasc.ie.|APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. catherine.stanton@teagasc.ie.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA); Docosahexaenoic acid; Lipid biochemistry; Lipid metabolism; Metabolism, fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)