title: Effects of probucol on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation.
abstract: There is increasing evidence suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This study was designed to examine the effect of probucol on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and the potential mechanisms involving ERS. Injured HUVECs induced by Na2S2O4 served as an H/R model in vitro. The concentration of probucol in this study ranged from 3 to 27 μM. Cell viability was analyzed using MTT and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The expression of GRP78, X-box-binding protein (XBP)-1, and CHOP (c/EBP-hemologous protein) were quantified using western blot. Compared to cells with H/R injury alone, the results showed that the cell viability increased significantly with probucol, while the LDH leakage rate was significantly lower as analyzed by the LDH assay. Furthermore, the expression levels of GRP78, XBP-1, and CHOP were significantly downregulated. These results indicated that probucol effectively protected HUVEC from injury induced by H/R and that the mechanism might be related to attenuation of ERS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D004227:Dithionite / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D011341:Probucol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D004227:Dithionite; D011341:Probucol