title: Validity and reliability of Persian version of the Specific Nordic questionnaire in Iranian industrial workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nordic is one of the most popular questionnaires for evaluating Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), but no studies have been reported on the reliability and validity of this questionnaire in Iran.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the Specific Nordic questionnaire (SNQ), and evaluation of the reliability of this questionnaire for the assessment of WMSDs in Iranian industrial workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SNQ was completed by 122 Iranian industrial workers with lumbar or knee musculoskeletal disorders to assess the reliability and construct validity. The validity was assessed by knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires. Reliability was assessed by a test-retest procedure for 60 patients with 7-days interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant positive correlation between KSNQ and KOOS pain (r = 0.71, p < 0.05) and the KSNQ and KOOS QOL (r = 0.72, p < 0.05). There was High Pearson correlation between LSNQ and ODI (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Both lumbar and knee SNQ had a high Kappa coefficient correlation (0.83-1 for KSNQ and 0.63-1 for LSNQ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Persian version of the SNQ is a reliable and valid instrument to be used for the assessment of WMSDs in Iranian industrial workers.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Namnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Negahban
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Naft Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shafizadeh
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam Seyyed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tabib
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disorder; cross cultural adaptation; translation