title: Effect of molar intrusion with temporary anchorage devices in patients with anterior open bite: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study is to assess the effect of molar intrusion with temporary anchorage devices on the vertical facial morphology and mandibular rotation during open bite treatment in the permanent dentition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review of the published data in seven electronic databases up to September 2015. We considered studies for inclusion if they were examining the effects of posterior teeth intrusion on the vertical facial morphology with open bite malocclusion in the permanent dentition. Study selection, risk of bias assessment, and data-extraction were performed in duplicate. Meta-analysis was not possible due to dissimilarity and heterogeneity among the included studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 42 articles that met the initial eligibility criteria, 12 studies were finally selected. Low level of scientific evidence was identified after risk of bias assessment of the included studies with no relevant randomized controlled trial performed. Out of the 12 selected studies, five studies used miniplates and seven studies used miniscrews. Mandibular counterclockwise rotation was found to be between 2.3° and 3.9° in six studies (as sassed by mandibular plane angle, between MeGo or GoGn and SN or FH plane) while it was less than 2° in the remaining studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current weak evidence suggests that molar intrusion with temporary anchorage devices may cause mandibular counterclockwise autorotation. Future well-conducted and clearly reported multicenter randomized controlled trials that include a non-treatment control group are needed to make robust recommendations regarding the amount of mandibular rotation during open bite treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. alsafadisaleem10@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad Saleem
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alsafadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
authors.forename: Mohannad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alabdullah
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Graduate Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Humam
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-458X
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saltaji
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
authors.forename: Anas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Youssef
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar; D024343:Open Bite; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
keywords: Molar intrusion; Skeletal open bite; Systematic review