title: Distinct Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Comparative Study between Children and Adults in Northeast China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical characteristics of pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been extensively studied whereas scarcely been compared with those of adult GBS. Herein we compared the clinical features of GBS between pediatric and adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 750 patients with GBS (541 adults and 209 children), and compared the clinical characteristics between children and adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain was a more frequent complaint in children (17.2% vs 9.6%, p < 0.01), who were also found with shorter interval from disease onset to nadir (6.3d vs 7.3d, p < 0.01) and higher incidence of bulbar dysfunction (22.0% vs 14.8%, p < 0.05). The disease severity in children was comparable with adults. In addition, a higher incidence of pediatric GBS was found in summer, especially in July and August (both p < 0.01). However, the incidence of antecedent infections of different seasons in adult and pediatric patients was comparable (p > 0.05). The clinical features of acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) in children were overall comparable with adult ones (p > 0.05). Similar to adults, bulbar dysfunction (odds ratio [OR]: 4.621, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.240-17.218, p < 0.05) and lower nadir Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score (OR: 0.897, 95% CI: 0.855-0.941, p < 0.01) were also risk factors for mechanical ventilation in children. However, distinct from adult ones, autonomic dysfunction was significantly higher in mechanically ventilated childhood GBS (39.1% vs 8.8%, p < 0.01), which also served as a predictor for mechanical ventilation in pediatric GBS (OR: 70.415, 95% CI: 9.265-535.158, p < 0.01). As to the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin, insignificant difference was identified between children and adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical features of pediatric GBS differ from those of adults. Autonomic dysfunction is an independent risk factor for mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Chunrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jixue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Kangding
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012621:Seasons; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous