title: Protective Effect of Myo-Inositol Hexaphosphate (Phytate) on Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physiological levels of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) and cardiovascular (CV) calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  
  This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from December 2012 to June 2013.
  
  
  
  Sixty-nine consecutive patients with CKD who were not undergoing renal replacement therapy.
  
  
  
  All subjects were given lateral lumbar X-rays to quantify abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Clinical laboratory analyses and phytate food frequency questionnaires were also performed.
  
  
  
  Phytate urinary excretion, estimated phytate consumption (based on food frequency questionnaire) and AAC score. Patients were divided into two groups based on median abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score: no/mild AAC (AAC ≤ 6, n = 35) and moderate/severe AAC (AAC > 6, n = 34).
  
  
  
  Patients with no/mild AAC were younger, had lower pulse pressure, greater dietary intake of phytate, greater urinary phytate and the prevalence of prior CV disease was significantly lower compared to patients with moderate/severe AAC. Among the top 10 phytate-rich foods, lentil consumption was significantly greater in patients with no/mild AAC than in those with moderate/severe AAC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, prior CV disease, urinary phytate (or lentil consumption) were independently associated to AAC.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that adequate consumption of phytate can prevent AAC in patients with CKD. Further prospective studies must be performed to elucidate the benefits of a phytate-rich diet and the associated risk of phosphorus bioavailability in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain; Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Palma of Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: pilar.sanchis@uib.es.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchis
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buades
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berga
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Mas
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gelabert
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Marilisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Íñigo
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Rosario
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bernabeu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa-Bauzá
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grases
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D010833:Phytic Acid