title: Profiling the human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human cytokine array.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world, however, no effective biomarkers can be used for rapid screening of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active TB. In this study, serum cytokines were screened and tested as potential biomarker for TB diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokine array was used to track the cytokine profile and its dynamic change after TB infection. The different expressions of cytokines were confirmed by ELISA assay. ROC curve analyses were used to evaluate the efficacy of a cytokine or cytokine combination for diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eotaxin-2, ICAM-1, MCSF, IL-12p70, and IL-11 were significantly higher in the LTBI individuals. I-309, MIG, Eotaxin-2, IL-8, ICAM-1, IL-6sR, and Eotaxin were significantly higher in active TB patients. ROC curve analyses gave AUCs of 0.843, 0.898, and 0.888 for I-309, MIG, and IL-8, respectively, and 0.894 for the combination panel in active TB diagnosis. IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-2/TNF-α ratios exhibit dynamic changes in the healthy control and LTBI to different stages of active TB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum cytokines, including I-309 and MIG, IL-8, Extoxin-2, ICAM-1 and combinations of cytokines, including IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-2/TNF-α, can be used as serum biomarkers for LTBI and active TB screening, thus indicating prospective clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Haicheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Jinfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Huixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan 528000, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xianen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevention and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen 518102, China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China.
authors.forename: Yaoju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevention and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen 518102, China.
authors.forename: Wenyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Second People's Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan 528447, China.
authors.forename: Changhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510700, China.
authors.forename: Zhongjing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510700, China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Station of Dongguan, Guangdong 523008, China.
authors.forename: Guozhou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China. Electronic address: zhoulinpaper@163.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China. Electronic address: zhongqiu@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: blj@sun5.ibp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevention and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen 518102, China. Electronic address: bazmg@126.com.
authors.forename: Meigui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: GuangDong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 510120, China. Electronic address: gln408@126.com.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan 528000, China. Electronic address: zjet65@163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002681:China; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: I-309; IFN-γ/IL-4; IL-2/TNF-α; IL-8; MIG; Tuberculosis