title: Genetic alteration in phosphofructokinase family promotes growth of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic alterations in cancer, including bladder cancer, have been addressed in recent years. We aimed to study the role of phosphofructokinase (PFK) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  By in silico analysis of the bladder cancer data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using the cBioPortal platform, we studied genetic alteration of genes within the PFK family (PFKL, PFKM, PFKP, PFKFB1, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, and PFKFB4). In vitro studies were carried out using the PFK inhibitor 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol-6-phosphate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genetic alterations of PFK family genes were observed in ~44% of MIBC cases in TCGA. The main alterations were amplification and upregulation. Patients with altered PFK gene status were more likely to have a history of noninvasive bladder cancer. Altered PFK status was not associated with survival or disease relapse. Use of the PFK inhibitor significantly decreased the level of glycolysis and inhibited the growth and invasion of bladder cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PFKs were critical genes in charge of glycolysis and were upregulated in bladder cancer. Targeting this pathway could inhibit cell growth in bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai - China.
authors.forename: Chen-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai - China.
authors.forename: Da-Bo
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai - China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai - China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai - China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai - China.
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D025221:Phosphofructokinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D025221:Phosphofructokinases