title: Fermented papaya preparation modulates the progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice.
abstract: The medicinal properties of fermented papaya preparation (FPP) derived from Carica papaya fruit was investigated in order to determine its ability to modulate the progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As well as reducing the physical symptoms associated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, supplementation of Balb/c mice with 500mg FPP/kg BW for 92days normalized the blood cell count, led to an increased activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD: +20%, CAT: +81%, GPx: +66.1%, GR: +54.4%; P<0.001 vs. MNU control), increased the ferrous reducing antioxidant potential (+36.7%, P<0.001 vs. MNU control) and reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation in the liver by 44.3% (P<0.001 vs. MNU control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results demonstrated the ability of FPP to preserve the integrity of liver against oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against irreversible DNA structural modifications induced by MNU, highlighting its potential role as an immune-defense modulator during hepatocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Jhoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Somanah
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Srishti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramsaha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Poornima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ranjan Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA.
authors.forename: Okezie I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Aruoma
authors.affiliation: UMR DÉTROIT-INSERM U1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bourdon
authors.affiliation: ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius. Electronic address: tbahorun@uom.ac.mu.
authors.forename: Theeshan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bahorun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006454:Hemoglobins; D028321:Plant Preparations; C000613845:fermented papaya preparation; D008770:Methylnitrosourea
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Balb/c mice; Fermented papaya preparation; Hepatocellular carcinoma; N-methyl-N-nitrosourea; Oxidative stress; Raman laser spectroscopy