title: Association Between Low Dairy Intake During Pregnancy and Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants.
abstract: Background Inadequate maternal nutrition is regarded as one of the most important indicators of fetal growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the associated risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) infant according to the mother's dairy intake during the first half of pregnancy. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed using 1175 healthy pregnant women selected from the catchment area of Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada (Spain). SGA was defined as neonates weighing less than the 10th percentile, adjusted for gestational age. Factors associated with SGA were analyzed using logistic regression models. Population attributable fractions of SGA according to dairy intake were estimated. Results Dairy intake among women who gave birth to SGA infants was 513.9, versus 590.3 g/day for women with appropriate size for gestational age infants (P = 0.003). An increased intake of dairy products by 100 g/day during the first half of pregnancy decreased the risk of having a SGA infant by 11.0 %, aOR = 0.89 (0.83, 0.96). A dose-response gradient between dairy intake and SGA was observed. Conclusions An inadequate intake of dairy products is associated with a higher risk of SGA. Our results suggest a possible causal relation between dairy intake during pregnancy and the weight of the newborn, although we cannot discard residual confounding. These results should be further supported by properly designed studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, Building A, 8th Floor, 18016, Granada, Spain. rocioolmedo@ugr.es.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. rocioolmedo@ugr.es.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. rocioolmedo@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olmedo-Requena
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, Building A, 8th Floor, 18016, Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amezcua-Prieto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|Department of Statistics and Operative Investigation, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan de Dios
authors.initials: Jde D
authors.lastname: Luna-Del-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, Building A, 8th Floor, 18016, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Anne-Mary
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lewis-Mikhael
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mozas-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, Building A, 8th Floor, 18016, Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bueno-Cavanillas
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, Building A, 8th Floor, 18016, Granada, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Moleón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003611:Dairy Products; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D016015:Logistic Models; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008892:Milk; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dairy intake; Maternal nutrition; Population attributable fraction; Pregnancy; Small for gestational age