title: Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157, England and Wales, 1983-2012.
abstract: We evaluated clinical Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in England and Wales during 1983-2012 to describe changes in microbiological and surveillance methods. A strain replacement event was captured; phage type (PT) 2 decreased to account for just 3% of cases by 2012, whereas PT8 and PT21/28 strains concurrently emerged, constituting almost two thirds of cases by 2012. Despite interventions to control and reduce transmission, incidence remained constant. However, sources of infection changed over time; outbreaks caused by contaminated meat and milk declined, suggesting that interventions aimed at reducing meat cross-contamination were effective. Petting farm and school and nursery outbreaks increased, suggesting the emergence of other modes of transmission and potentially contributing to the sustained incidence over time. Studies assessing interventions and consideration of policies and guidance should be undertaken to reduce Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 infections in England and Wales in line with the latest epidemiologic findings.
authors.forename: Natalie L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Geraldine A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Goutam K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003090:Coliphages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D022621:Shiga Toxin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D022621:Shiga Toxin
keywords: England; Escherichia coli O157; STEC; Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli; Wales; bacteria; communicable diseases; enteric infections; foodborne diseases; gastrointestinal diseases; zoonoses