title: Simple shielding reduces dose to the contralateral breast during prone breast cancer radiotherapy.
abstract: Our goal was to design a prone breast shield for the contralateral breast and study its efficacy in decreasing scatter radiation to the contralateral breast in a prone breast phantom setup receiving radiation therapy designed for breast cancer. We constructed a prone breast phantom setup consisting of (1) A thermoplastic mask with a left-sided depression created by a water balloon for a breast shape; (2) 2 plastic bags to hold water in the thermoplastic mask depression; (3) 2000mL of water to fill the thermoplastic mask depression to create a water-based false breast; (4) 1-cm thick bolus placed in the contralateral breast holder; (5) 2 lead (Pb) sheets, each 0.1-cm thick for blocking scatter radiation in the contralateral bolus-based false breast; (6) a prone breast board to hold the thermoplastic mask, water, bolus, and lead; (7) 9cm solid water on top of the breast board to simulate body; (8) a diode was used to verify dose for each treatment field of the treated water-based breast; (9) metal-oxide-semiconductor-field effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeters to measure dose to the contralateral bolus-based breast. The phantom prone breast setup was CT simulated and treatment was designed with 95% isodose line covering the treated breast. The maximum dose was 107.1%. Megavoltage (MV) port images ensured accurate setup. Measurements were done using diodes on the treated water-based breast and MOSFET dosimeters at the medial and lateral sides of the contralateral bolus-based breast without and with the Pb shield. Five treatments were done for each of the 3 data sets and recorded individually for statistical purposes. All treatments were completed with 6MV photons at 200cGy per treatment. The dose contributions from each of the 3 data sets including 15 treatments total without and with the prone lead shield to the medial and lateral portions of contralateral bolus-based breast were averaged individually. Unshielded dose means were 37.11 and 2.94cGy, and shielded dose means were 12.68 and 1.54cGy, respectively. When comparing medial and lateral portions of the contralateral bolus-based doses without and with Pb, the shield significantly reduced dose to both sides of the contralateral breast (medial p = 2.64 × 10(-14), lateral p = 4.91 × 10(-6)). The prone 0.2-cm Pb shield significantly reduced scatter dose to the contralateral breast on the order of 2 to 3 times. Reductions may be clinically relevant for women younger than 45 years by decreasing the risk of contralateral radiation-induced breast cancer in patients receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer. This shield is simple as it would be a part of the prone breast board during treatments, but future studies are warranted for safety and efficacy clinically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. Electronic address: uma.goyal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
authors.forename: Lexie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith-Raymond
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
authors.forename: Georgi N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Georgiev
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D016684:Prone Position; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Breast cancer; Prone; Radiotherapy; Shielding