title: Anatomic compatibility of femoral intramedullary implants: a cadaveric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology of the proximal and diaphysis of femur, distribution of neck version, neck-shaft angles, and radius of anterior curvature in a Turkish population to compare with that of femoral intramedullary implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 84 cadaveric femora, three-dimensional (3D) modeling was performed with a light scanner, data were transferred to Solidworks 2013 software (Solidworks, Waltham, MA, USA) to determine the variability in the femoral length (FL), neck version, neck-shaft angle (NSA), and anterior bow. Three independent observers' measurements were tested with a reliability analysis and then evaluated using Cronbach's alpha value, after which they were compared with the neck-shaft angles, and the radii of curvature (RAC) of intramedullary femoral nails, as stated on the official manufacturer websites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean FL, femoral neck anteversion (FNA), and NSA had ranges of 346.1-454.1 mm, -11.3-40.4°, and 105.9-149.0°, respectively, and RAC was between 1.0 and 1.2 m. The correlation coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.89 (CI 0.849-0.928), 0.86 (CI 0.799-0.904), and 0.85 (95% CI 0.785-0.898) for FL, FNA, and NSA, respectively. FNA was <10° in 32 femora (37.6%) and >14° 38 (44.7%). NSA was between 130° and 135° in 40 femora (47.1%), and RAC ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 m in 76 femora (91.6%), <1 m in 38 (45.8%), and >1.5 m in 7 (8.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FNA and NSA show a wide distribution, mostly out of the range of intramedullary implants. There is a need for implants that are compatible with a range of NSAs and versions, so that they are suitable for use with a variety of morphologies.
authors.affiliation: Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adana, Turkey. omersunkar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ömer Sunkar
authors.initials: ÖS
authors.lastname: Biçer
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huri
authors.affiliation: Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.affiliation: Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirioğlu
authors.affiliation: Çukurova University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmet
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed