title: Time-frequency decomposition of click evoked otoacoustic emissions in children.
abstract: Determining the time-frequency distributions of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) are scientifically and clinically relevant because of their relationship with cochlear mechanisms. This study investigated the time-frequency properties of CEOAEs in 5-10 year old children. In the first part, we examined the feasibility of the S transform to characterize the time-frequency features of CEOAEs. A synthetic signal with known gammatones was analyzed using the S transform, as well as a wavelet transform with the basis function used traditionally for CEOAE analysis. The S and wavelet transforms provided similar representations of the gammatones of the synthetic signal in the mid and high frequencies. However, the S transform yielded a slightly more precise time-frequency representation at low frequencies (500 and 707 Hz). In the second part, we applied the S transform to compare the time-frequency distribution of CEOAEs between adults and children. Several confounding variables, such as spontaneous emissions and potential efferent effects from the use of higher click rates, were considered for obtaining reliable CEOAE recordings. The results revealed that the emission level, level versus frequency plot, latency, and latency versus frequency plot in 5-10 year old children are adult-like. The time-frequency characteristics of CEOAEs in 5-10 year old children are consistent with the maturation of various aspects of cochlear mechanics, including the basal to apical transition. In sum, the description of the time-frequency features in children and the use of the S transform to decompose CEOAEs, are novel aspects of this study. The S transform can be used as an alternative approach to characterize the time-frequency distribution of CEOAEs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA. Electronic address: smishra@nmsu.edu.
authors.forename: Srikanta K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biswal
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016011:Normal Distribution; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D058067:Wavelet Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CEOAE latency; CEOAE level; Click evoked otoacoustic emissions; S transform; Time–frequency distribution; Wavelet transform