title: Adaptation into Spanish of the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness scale to assess personal stigma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with schizophrenia sometimes internalise social stigma associated to mental illness, and they develop personal stigma. Personal stigma includes self-stigma (internalisation of negative stereotypes), perceived stigma (perception of rejection), and experienced stigma (experiences of discrimination). Personal stigma is linked with a poorer treatment adherence, and worst social functioning. For this reason, it is important to have good measurements of personal stigma. One of the most frequently used measurements is the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale. There is a Spanish version of the scale available, although its psychometric properties have not been studied. The main aim of this study is to analyse the psychometric properties of a new Spanish version of the ISMI scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new version was translated as Estigma Interiorizado de Enfermedad Mental (EIEM). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated in a sample of 69 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The rate of patients showing personal stigma was also studied, as well as the relationship between personal stigma and sociodemographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adapted version obtained good values of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, for the total score of the scale (0.91 and 0.95 respectively), as well as for the five subscales of the EIEM, except for the Stigma Resistance subscale (Cronbach's alpha 0.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EIEM is an appropriate measurement tool to assess personal stigma in a Spanish population with severe mental disorder, at least in those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalario Padre Menni, Santander, España. Electronic address: rbengoechea@mennisant.com.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bengochea-Seco
authors.affiliation: Centro de Rehabilitación Psicosocial Padre Menni, Santander, España.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arrieta-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Rehabilitación Psicosocial Padre Menni, Santander, España.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Modamio
authors.affiliation: Centro de Rehabilitación Psicosocial Padre Menni, Santander, España.
authors.forename: Iciar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santacoloma-Cabero
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalario Padre Menni, Santander, España.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez de Tojeiro-Roce
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalario Padre Menni, Santander, España.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García-Polavieja
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurociencia-Psiquiatría, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Santos-Zorrozúa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Rehabilitación Psicosocial Padre Menni, Santander, España.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gil-Sanz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012752:Shame; D057545:Social Stigma; D013030:Spain; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Discriminación; Discrimination; Esquizofrenia; Estigma personal; Personal stigma; Schizophrenia; Severe mental disorder; Trastorno mental grave