title: Uveal melanoma: From diagnosis to treatment and the science in between.
abstract: Melanomas of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris of the eye are collectively known as uveal melanomas. These cancers represent 5% of all melanoma diagnoses in the United States, and their age-adjusted risk is 5 per 1 million population. These less frequent melanomas are dissimilar to their more common cutaneous melanoma relative, with differing risk factors, primary treatment, anatomic spread, molecular changes, and responses to systemic therapy. Once uveal melanoma becomes metastatic, therapy options are limited and are often extrapolated from cutaneous melanoma therapies despite the routine exclusion of patients with uveal melanoma from clinical trials. Clinical trials directed at uveal melanoma have been completed or are in progress, and data from these well designed investigations will help guide future directions in this orphan disease. Cancer 2016;122:2299-2312. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Chandrani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology / Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Dae Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Dan S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gombos
authors.affiliation: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Junna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.affiliation: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esmaeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.|Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Woodman
authors.affiliation: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Sapna P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D009154:Mutation; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012106:Research; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
keywords: breast cancer 1-associated protein 1 (BAP1); choroidal melanoma; diagnosis; guanine nucleotide binding protein α11 (GNA11); guanine nucleotide-binding protein Q polypeptide (GNAQ); ocular melanoma; review; science; treatment; uveal melanoma