title: Evaluation of cytochrome P4502E1 polymorphisms in healthy adult Western Indians and patients with antituberculous drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the metabolism of isoniazid and the mediation of its hepatotoxicity. It exhibits genetic polymorphism in humans. This study evaluated the polymorphism of CYP2E1 in adult healthy Western Indians and patients on antituberculous drugs by phenotyping and genotyping.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 500 mg single dose of chlorzoxazone (CZX) was administered to 136 healthy adult Western Indian participants. Venous blood samples 2 h postdose were analyzed for the levels of CZX and 6-hydroxy CZX, and the metabolic ratio (MR) was calculated to determine the extent of rapid and poor metabolizers using probit plot analysis. Patients on antituberculous drugs who had raised the liver enzymes or clinical symptoms of hepatotoxicity were also recruited. Genotyping for CYP2E1 * 5B allele was performed by polymerase chain reaction - rapid fragment length polymorphism technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 139 healthy participants were enrolled, of which the final analysis consisted of data from 136 participants for genotyping and 137 for phenotyping. Only 1 participant had reported mild drowsiness 2 h postdose, and no other adverse events were observed. The median (range) MR of population was 0.2 (0.1-4.0), and no polymorphisms were detected using phenotype data. A total of 134/136 (98.5%) had c1/c1 genotype and 1/136 each (0.75%) had c1/c2 and c2/c2 genotypes, respectively. Of the 2/136 participants harboring c2 allele, one had MR of 0.1 (c1/c2) and another had 0.5 (c2/c2). A total of 25 cases of antituberculous drug-induced hepatotoxicity and 50 control patients were recruited, of which finally 22 cases and 49 controls were available for evaluation. All the cases had c1/c1 genotype while 42/49 (85.7%) controls had c1/c1, 6/49 (12.2%) had c1/c2, and 1/49 (2.1%) had c2/c2 genotype and the crude odds ratio was 7.9 (0.4, 145.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A background prevalence of CYP2E1*B polymorphism and their activity in Western Indian population was observed. The study suggests no association between the CYP2E1 genotyping with antituberculous drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nithya J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Gogtay
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Swapnali R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kapileshwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sanket U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shital R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bendkhale
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji.
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Thelma
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Urmila M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Thatte
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ESI PGIMSR MGM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nilima A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kshirsagar
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002753:Chlorzoxazone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D002753:Chlorzoxazone
keywords: Chlorzoxazone; Indians; cytochrome P4502E1; genotyping; hepatotoxicity; isoniazid; phenotyping