title: Two-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy within a single day combined with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: single institution experience and outcomes.
abstract: We investigated the outcomes of treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) treated with 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) followed by two-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy within a single day (2-fr.-HDR-BT/day) at a single institution. A total of 156 consecutive Asian males (median age, 67 years) were enrolled. To compare our findings with those of other studies, we analyzed our results using the D'Amico classification, assigning the patients to low- ( N =: 5; 3.2%), intermediate- ( N =: 36; 23.1%) and high-risk ( N =: 115; 73.7%) groups (Stage T3 PCa patients were classified as high-risk). One patient in the D'Amico low-risk group (20%), 13 intermediate-risk patients (36.1%) and 99 high-risk patients (86.1%) underwent androgen deprivation therapy. We administered a prescription dose of 39 Gy in 13 fractions of 3D-CRT combined with 18 Gy of HDR-BT in two 9-Gy fractions delivered within a single day. We did not distinguish between risk groups in determining the prescription dose. The median follow-up period was 38 months. Of the 156 patients, one died from primary disease and five died from other diseases. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100%, 100% and 93.7%, and the 3-year 'biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED)' rates were 100%, 100% and 96.9% for the D'Amico low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively. No patient developed ≥ Grade 3 early toxicity. The Grade 3 late genitourinary toxicity rate was 2.6%, and no ≥ Grade 3 late gastrointestinal toxicity occurred. The efficacy and safety of this study were satisfactory, and longer-term follow-up is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Junyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaidu
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ayukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamana
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiraku
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: HDR-BT; brachytherapy; high-dose-rate; prostate cancer; radiotherapy; toxicity