title: Muscle-Specific Myosin Heavy Chain Shifts in Response to a Long-Term High Fat/High Sugar Diet and Resveratrol Treatment in Nonhuman Primates.
abstract: Shifts in myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression within skeletal muscle can be induced by a host of stimuli including, but not limited to, physical activity, alterations in neural activity, aging, and diet or obesity. Here, we hypothesized that both age and a long-term (2 year) high fat/high sugar diet (HFS) would induce a slow to fast MHC shift within the plantaris, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, we tested whether supplementation with resveratrol, a naturally occurring compound that has been attributed with augmenting aerobic potential through mitochondrial proliferation, would counteract any diet-induced MHC changes by promoting a fast to slow isoform switch. In general, we found that MHC isoforms were not altered by aging during mid-life. The HFS diet had the largest impact within the soleus muscle where the greatest slow to fast isoform shifts were observed in both mRNA and protein indicators. As expected, long-term resveratrol treatment counteracted, or blunted, these diet-induced shifts within the soleus muscle. The plantaris muscle also demonstrated a fast-to-slow phenotypic response to resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, diet or resveratrol treatment impacts skeletal muscle phenotype in a muscle-specific manner and resveratrol supplementation may be one approach for promoting the fatigue-resistant MHC (type I) isoform especially if its expression is blunted as a result of a long-term high fat/sugar diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Jon-Philippe K
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hyatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Allison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kocan
authors.affiliation: Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mattison
authors.affiliation: Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Cabo
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Jeannine R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: LaRocque
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Talmadge
keywords: GLUT4; MHC; PGC-1α; rhesus macaque; skeletal muscle