title: The Neural Crest Migrating into the Twenty-First Century.
abstract: From the initial discovery of the neural crest over 150 years ago to the seminal studies of Le Douarin and colleagues in the latter part of the twentieth century, understanding of the neural crest has moved from the descriptive to the experimental. Now, in the twenty-first century, neural crest research has migrated into the genomic age. Here, we reflect upon the major advances in neural crest biology and the open questions that will continue to make research on this incredible vertebrate cell type an important subject in developmental biology for the century to come.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA. Electronic address: mbronner@caltech.edu.
authors.forename: Marianne E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bronner
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simões-Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002642:Chick Embryo; D015509:Developmental Biology / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D054259:Neural Tube / Q000166:cytology; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology
keywords: Craniofacial skeleton; Embryo; Neural crest; Peripheral nervous system; Vertebrates