title: Spatial and Temporal Epidemiology of Nephropathia Epidemica Incidence and Hantavirus Seroprevalence in Rodent Hosts: Identification of the Main Environmental Factors in Europe.
abstract: In Europe, the increasing number of nephropathia epidemica (NE) infections in humans, caused by Puumala virus carried by bank voles (Myodes glareolus), has triggered studies of environmental factors driving these infections. NE infections have been shown to occur in specific geographical areas characterized by environmental factors that influence the distribution and dynamics of host populations and virus persistence in the soil. Here, we review the influence of environmental conditions (including climate factors, food availability and habitat conditions) with respect to incidence in humans and seroprevalence in rodents, considering both direct and indirect transmission pathways. For each type of environmental factor, results and discrepancies between studies are presented and examined in the light of biological hypotheses. Overall, food availability and temperature appear to be the main drivers of host seroprevalence and NE incidence, but data quality and statistical approaches varied greatly among studies. We highlight the issues that now need to be addressed and suggest improvements for study design in regard to the current knowledge on hantavirus epidemiology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage, ANSES, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monchatre-Leroy
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR346 d'Epidémiologie Animale, F63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.|CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crespin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage, ANSES, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boué
authors.affiliation: Unité de virologie, Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marianneau
authors.affiliation: Unité d'épidémiologie, Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calavas
authors.affiliation: Unité d'épidémiologie, Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hénaux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae; D002980:Climate; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D020387:Food Chain; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015995:Prevalence; D029262:Puumala virus / Q000502:physiology*; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
keywords: Europe; Puumala virus; environment; epidemiology; hantavirus