title: Pharmacogenomics for personalized pain medicine.
abstract: Pharmacogenomics aims to unravel the way that human genetic variation affects drug efficacy and toxicity. Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene findings suggest that genetic approaches may help choose the most appropriate drug and dosage while preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pain is an unpleasant feeling that usually results from tissue damage. The management of different types of pain (acute, chronic, inflammatory, neuropathic, or cancer) is challenging. Currently, drug intervention is the first-line therapy for resolving pain. However, differences in drug efficacy between individuals are common with pain medications. Moreover, some patients experience ADRs after being treated with specific pain drugs. This review discusses the use of drugs for pain management in the context of the recent pharmacogenomic studies on ADRs and drug efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tai-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Shung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jer-Yuarn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: chen0010@ibms.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yuan-Tsong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 / Q000235:genetics; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics; D004347:Drug Interactions; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C485764:OPRM1 protein, human; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
keywords: adverse drug reactions; genome wide association studies; personalized medicine; pharmacogenomics