title: Pathology and Surgical Treatment of High-Grade Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: an Evolving Landscape.
abstract: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors. High-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (hgPNECs) represent about 5% of all PNENs. They show highly aggressive behavior with dismal prognosis. Throughout the last two decades, there has been a notable progress in basic and clinical research of PNENs and a therapeutic trend towards both more aggressive and minimally invasive surgery. Despite these advances, hgPNECs as a distinct clinical entity remains largely unexplored among surgeons. This review of current development in pathology reporting and surgical treatment of hgPNECs aims at increasing the awareness of an evolving field in pancreatic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. svhaug@ous-hf.no.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway. svhaug@ous-hf.no.|Department of Surgery, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Postbox 800, 3004, Drammen, Norway. svhaug@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Sven-Petter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Haugvik
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 9, Bad Berka, 99437, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaemmerer
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 74014, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaujoux
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut Jørgen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Labori
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Caroline Sophie
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Verbeke
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ivar Prydz
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gladhaug
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008940:Mitotic Index; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
keywords: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; Neuroendocrine carcinoma; Neuroendocrine neoplasm; Neuroendocrine tumor; Pancreas; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic neoplasm; Pancreatic surgery; Review