title: Genome-wide gene expression analyses reveal unique cellular characteristics related to the amenability of HPC/HSCs into high-quality induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming can efficiently convert differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Furthermore, many cell types have been shown to be amenable to reprogramming into iPSCs, such as neural stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HPC/HSCs). However, the mechanisms related to the amenability of these cell types to be reprogrammed are still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein, we attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of HPC/HSC reprogramming using the sequential reprogramming system that we have previously established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that HPC/HSCs were amenable to transcription factor-mediated reprogramming, which yielded a high frequency of fully reprogrammed HPC/HSC-iPSCs. Genome-wide gene expression analyses revealed select down-regulated tumor suppressor and mesenchymal genes as well as up-regulated oncogenes in HPC/HSCs compared with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), indicating that these genes may play important roles during the reprogramming of HPC/HSCs. Additional studies provided insights into the contribution of select tumor suppressor genes (p21, Ink4a and Arf) and an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factor (Snail1) to the reprogramming process of HPC/HSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that HPC/HSCs carry unique cellular characteristics, which determine the amenability of HPC/HSCs to be reprogrammed into high-quality iPSCs.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.|Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.|Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.|School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Mingyue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.|School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China.|School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Shaorong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. changgang@szu.edu.cn.|National Institute of Biological Sciences, NIBS, Beijing 102206, China. changgang@szu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D016678:Genome; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D057507:Mice, 129 Strain; D000066450:Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
keywords: Hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Pluripotency; Reprogramming