title: Safety assessment of freeze-dried powdered Tenebrio molitor larvae (yellow mealworm) as novel food source: Evaluation of 90-day toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: Worldwide demand for novel food source has grown and edible insects are a promising food sources for humans. Tenebrio molitor, as known as yellow mealworm, has advantages of being rich in protein, and easy to raise as a novel food source. The objective of this study was to evaluate subchronic toxicity, including potential hypersensitivity, of freeze-dried powdered T. molitor larvae (fdTML) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The fdTML was administered orally once daily at dose levels of 0, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day for 90 days. A toxicological assessment was performed, which included mortality, clinical signs, body and organ weights, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, gross findings, histopathologic examination and allergic reaction. There were no fdTML- related findings in clinical signs, urinalysis, hematology and serum chemistry, gross examination, histopathologic examination or allergic reaction. In conclusion, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for fdTML was determined to be in excess of 3000 mg/kg/day in both sexes of rats under the experimental conditions of this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Korea Institute Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Ri
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Korea Institute Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Korea Institute Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Korea Institute Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology Applied Entomology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology Applied Entomology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sam
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Korea Institute Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ksmoon@kitox.re.kr.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005612:Freeze Drying; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011208:Powders; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013712:Tenebrio / Q000254:growth & development*; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D011208:Powders
keywords: Edible insects; Food allergy; Subchronic toxicity; Tenebrio molitor