title: The role of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium availability in soil fungal exploration of mineral nutrient sources in Norway spruce forests.
abstract: We investigated fungal growth and community composition in buried meshbags, amended with apatite, biotite or hornblende, in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests of varying nutrient status. Norway spruce needles and soil collected from forests overlying serpentinite had low levels of potassium and phosphorus, those from granite had low levels of magnesium, whereas those from amphibolite had comparably high levels of these nutrients. We assayed the fungal colonization of meshbags by measuring ergosterol content and fungal community with 454 sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. In addition, we measured fine root density. Fungal biomass was increased by apatite amendment across all plots and particularly on the K- and P-deficient serpentinite plots, whereas hornblende and biotite had no effect on fungal biomass on any plots. Fungal community (total fungal and ectomycorrhizal) composition was affected strongly by sampling location and soil depth, whereas mineral amendments had no effect on community composition. Fine root biomass was significantly correlated with fungal biomass. Ectomycorrhizal communities may respond to increased host-tree phosphorus demand by increased colonization of phosphorus-containing minerals, but this does not appear to translate to a shift in ectomycorrhizal community composition. This growth response to nutrient demand does not appear to exist for potassium or magnesium limitation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rosenstock
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Building D, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Limburg, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague 1, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krám
authors.affiliation: MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wallander
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000378:metabolism; D065928:Forests; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028222:Picea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D010758:Phosphorus; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D004875:Ergosterol
keywords: Norway spruce (Picea abies); ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF); ergosterol; fungal community composition; hyphae; minerals; soil nutrients