title: Long noncoding RNAs related to the odontogenic potential of dental mesenchymal cells in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to identify the lncRNAs that are associated with the odontogenic potential in mouse dental mesenchymal cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The odontogenic potential of dental mesenchymal cells was found to be lost in the course of in vitro culture, so the lncRNA profiles were subsequently compared between freshly-isolated and cultured dental mesenchymal cells using RNA-sequencing. A co-expression analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and coding RNAs was performed to understand their potential functions. The expression of several selected lncRNAs was also examined in developing tooth germs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with cultured dental mesenchymal cells, 108 lncRNAs were upregulated and 36 lncRNAs were downregulated in freshly-isolated dental mesenchymal cells. Coding genes correlated with the lncRNAs were mainly associated with DNA and protein metabolic processes and cytoskeletal anchorage. Meg3, Malat1, Xist, and Dlx1as were significantly downregulated in cultured dental mesenchymal cells but were upregulated in odontogenic dental mesenchymal tissues. Moreover, the levels of Dlx1as were negatively correlated with that of Dlx1 in dental mesenchymal cells and dental mesenchymal tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lncRNA profiles of dental mesenchymal cells are significantly changed during culturing, and the dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with the loss of odontogenic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; Central laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: jialingfei1984@sina.com.
authors.forename: Lingfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000166:cytology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: C088334:Distal-less homeobox proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C422882:MEG3 non-coding RNA, mouse; C557040:Malat1 long non-coding RNA, mouse; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D014157:Transcription Factors; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA
keywords: Dental mesenchymal cells; Long non-coding RNA; Odontogenesis; Transcriptome