title: Polysubstance Use among Minority Adolescent Males Incarcerated for Serious Offenses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent juvenile offenders are at high risk for problems associated with drug use, including polysubstance use (i.e., use of a variety of drugs). The combination of juvenile offending and polysubstance use presents a significant public and child health concern.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explored polysubstance use among a sample of youth incarcerated for serious offenses. We examined several risk factors for substance use and delinquency (i.e., early and frequent substance use, prior history of arrests, school expulsion, Black ethnicity), as well as the association between aggression and polysubstance use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected via questionnaires from 373 serious male juvenile offenders upon intake into a secure locked facility. Youth were on average 16 years old, and minority youth were overrepresented (28.1% Black, 53.1% Latino). Poisson regressions were used to assess the associations between the risk factors, aggression, and polysubstance use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with the literature, Black youth reported less polysubstance use and later age of drug use onset than White and Latino youth. Findings suggest that Latino juvenile offenders and those with an early and problematic pattern of substance use are at heightened risk for polysubstance use. Aggression was not significantly related to polysubstance use, over and above the risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that Latino youth experience low rates of treatment for substance use, the development of culturally-sensitive interventions for these youth is needed. Interventions should also be multifaceted to address the multitude of risk factors associated with polysubstance use among juvenile offenders.
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
authors.forename: Sarah Jensen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Racz
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Shonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trent
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Hoover
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adger
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; University of Virginia.
authors.forename: Catherine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldweber
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cauffman
keywords: aggression; juvenile offenders; polysubstance use; risk factors