title: Advances in the pharmacological treatment of Graves' orbitopathy.
abstract: Graves' orbitopathy has a deteriorating effect on patients' appearance and vision, thus significantly decreases their quality of life. A multidisciplinary team of endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and psychologists should constitute a standard health care team for those patients. It is vital that the therapy is based on an individual approach, with patients being well informed and involved in the decision-making process. Generally, traditional therapies include immunosuppression with steroids, orbital irradiation and surgical decompression. Novel treatment modalities include: biological agents, somatostatin analogs, antioxidants, methotrexate. Better insight into pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy is the only chance for targeted therapy development.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruchała
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawicka-Gutaj
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D015195:Drug Design; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: Graves’ disease; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; Graves’ orbitopathy; antithyroid drugs; glucocorticoids; hyperthyroidism; radiotherapy; rituximab; selenium