title: Melatonin Attenuates Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Diabetic Rats: The Role of Interleukin-33 and Oxidative Stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Patients with DKD were found to be more prone to CIN. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a proinflammatory cytokine, but its role in DKD and CIN is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled. The first group was comprised of healthy rats (HRs), whereas the other four groups were made up of diabetic rats (DRs), diabetic rats with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN + DRs), melatonin-treated diabetic rats (MTDRs), and melatonin-treated CIN + DRs (MTCIN + DRs). All groups except the HRs received 50 mg/kg/day streptozotocin (STZ). CIN + DRs were constituted by administrating 1.5 mg/kg of intravenous radiocontrast dye on the 35th day. MTDRs and MTCIN + DRs were given 20 mg/kg/day of intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (MT) from the 28th day for the constitutive seven days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed increased IL-33 in the kidney tissue following induction of CIN in DRs. To determine whether MT is effective in preventing CIN, we administered MT in CIN + DRs and demonstrated that kidney tissue levels of OxS markers, inflammatory cytokines, and IL-33 were significantly diminished in MTCIN + DRs compared with other groups without MT treatment (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of IL-33 with MT provides therapeutic potential in DKD with CIN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Onk
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oruc Alper
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Onk
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Tıp Fakültesi No. 215, Meram, 42090 Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kultigin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turkmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin Serkan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tulin Akarsu
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ayazoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman Nuri
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ergun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D008550:Melatonin