title: [Leiomyomas of the uterine body: Molecular-genetical aspects of formation and development].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An overview of the molecular-genetical aspects of formation and development of leiomyomas of the uterine body.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review article.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis of the literature using database search engines PubMed, Blast, Science direct and Web of Knowledge focused on tumorigenesis of leiomyoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Benign uterine leiomyomas, also known as myoma, fibroids or fibromyomas are the most common tumours located in the pelvic area of women. The prevalence of this disease reaches, on the global scale, values higher than 50%, depending on the ethnicity even up to 80% of women of reproductive age. Despite such a high value, the origin of leiomyomas is still unknown. The main reason is the heterogeneity of the disease, and a number of factors that influence their development. In the case of leiomyomata occurrence, it has so far been observed several genome rearrangements and a number of aberrantly expressed genes. There are several reasons for overexpression or underexpression of a particular gene, from a point mutation in the exon region of the gene, promoter or other regulatory sequences to epigenetic modifications, most commonly the nature of methylation, or more precisely inadequate regulation short molecule miRNA. Many of these genes belong to the group of tumour-suppressor genes, or more precisely to genes, which can affect the cell cycle in a different way and thus can affect even the cell division. The aim of this work is to describe the various factors influencing the formation of leiomyomas and their impact on tumorigenesis.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dvorská
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Višňovský
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Braný
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D018154:Slovakia; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: epigenetics.; fibroid; leiomom; mesenchymal tumour; methylation