title: Coffee consumption associated with reduced risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, there is no consensus on the effect of coffee consumption on the risk of oral cancer. We performed a meta-analysis based on published studies to uncover the association.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed (1946-2015), Embase (1976-2015), and the bibliographies of all retrieved articles for relevant citations. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of observational studies on coffee consumption and oral cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 11 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies comprising 2,832,706 controls and 5021 cases of oral cancer were included in our analysis. The results indicated that the summary odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest or no category consumption of coffee was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-0.75). The odds ratios were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49-0.74) for case-control studies and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45-0.98) for cohort studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our results suggested that coffee consumption appears to have a protective benefit in oral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address: LLz6511@sina.com.
authors.forename: Le-Zhi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee