title: High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: The link between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is intensively studied. This study aims to define the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) and to investigate the relationship between 25-OH D status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body composition in postmenopausal women with T2DM and in non-diabetic controls. In this cross-sectional study, 75 women with T2DM and 32 control subjects were selected. Serum 25-OH D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, fasting glucose and HbA1c, were measured. The mean 25-OH D level was 21.4±11.4 ng/ml (range 4.1-50.7 ng/ml) in diabetic women and 30.3±9.4 ng/ml (range 10.8-54.2 ng/ml) in control group (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (<30 ng/ml) was higher in vitamin D3 non-supplemented T2DM women (89% vs. 63% controls); the difference diminished in vitamin D3 (500-1000 IU per day) supplemented subgroups (45% diabetics vs. 42% controls). In T2DM women, 25-OH D levels were not associated to HbA1c, duration of diabetes, fasting glucose and PTH levels, however, 25-OH D levels negatively associated with body mass index (p=0.011), total body fat mass (p=0.005) and total body lean mass (p=0.004). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is higher in non-supplemented postmenopausal women with T2DM than in non-diabetic controls (89% vs. 63%). Obesity is a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency in T2DM postmenopausal women. Further studies evaluating relationships between fat, muscle, bone and vitamin D metabolism in T2DM patients are warranted.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. Ivan.Raska@vfn.cz.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raška
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rašková
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vít
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zikán
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Škrha
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Body composition; Hypovitaminosis D; Parathyroid hormone; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vitamin D