title: Dermoscopic Findings of Jellyfish Stings Caused by Pelagia noctiluca.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Jellyfish are free-living members of the phylum Cnidaria who share a specialized stinging cell, the cnidocyte. Pelagia noctiluca is the most frequent and toxic jellyfish species found in the Balearic beaches and cnidocytes are arranged in pigmented clusters called "warts". Dermoscopy continues to expand its use much beyond the pigmentary lesions and to date, there is no data regarding dermoscopic findings in jellyfish stings. The aim of the present work was to study the dermoscopic findings of jellyfish stings in the island of Mallorca.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and dermoscopic images of 25 episodes of jellyfish stings caused by P. noctiluca that occurred between 2009 and 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the following dermoscopic features were found: brown dots (84%), pinkish hue (56%), pinpoint brown crusts (44%), scale-crust (40%), brown "Chinese characters pattern" (32%), "serpentine" ulceration (28%), linear purpura (20%), and whitish-yellow crusts (15%). Vessels were mainly dotted (36%) or reticular (16%). Scale-crust, serpentine ulceration and pinkish hue were significantly more frequent in lesions older than 2 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study identifies 4 dermoscopic features that may represent the contact with P. noctiluca cnidocytes: brown dots, brown "Chinese characters pattern", pinpoint brown crusts and whitish-yellow crusts. A peculiar finding of "serpentine ulceration" with brown dots would be very suggestive of P. noctiluca sting. We believe dermoscopy is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of jellyfish stings when a clear history of contact is lacking. Further studies are needed to validate our findings in other jellyfish species.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: luis.javier.del.pozo.hernando@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Del Pozo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knöpfel
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Santiago
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Escudero-Góngora
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saus
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Izquierdo-Herce
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauzà-Alonso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D046169:Dermoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D037401:Scyphozoa; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dermatoscopia; Dermoscopy; Jellyfish stings; Pelagia noctiluca; Picadura de medusa