title: Comparative molecular epidemiology of two closely related coronaviruses, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), reveals a different evolutionary pattern.
abstract: Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) are widespread around the world and cause enteric or respiratory infections among cattle. The current study includes 13 samples from BCoVs collected in Normandy during an 11-year period (from 2003 to 2014), 16 French HCoV-OC43s, and 113 BCoVs or BCoVs-like sequence data derived from partial or complete genome sequences available on GenBank. According to a genotyping method developed previously for HCoV-OC43, BCoVs and BCoVs-like are distributed on three main sub-clusters named C1, C2, and C3. Sub-cluster C1 includes BCoVs and BCoVs-like from America and Asia. Sub-cluster C2 includes BCoVs from Europe. Sub-cluster C3 includes prototype, vaccine, or attenuated BCoV strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed the monophyletic status of the BCoVs from France reported here for the first time. Moreover, BCoV exhibits a relative genetic stability when compared to HCoV-OC43 we previously described from the same region. The numerous recombination detected between HCoV-OC43 were much less frequent for BCoV. The analysis points thus to the influence of different evolutive constraints in these two close groups.
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France. Electronic address: nathalie.kin@unicaen.fr.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kin
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Caen, F-14033 Caen, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miszczak
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diancourt
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caro
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Boulogne Billancourt, F-92012, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moutou
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Caen, F-14033 Caen, France.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vabret
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France; Institut Pasteur, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Meriadeg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ar Gouilh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D028962:Coronavirus OC43, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D017938:Coronavirus, Bovine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005602:France; D005814:Genes, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Bovine coronavirus; Epidemiology; Evolution; Genotyping; Human coronavirus OC43; Recombination; Respiratory infection