title: Repair of rat critical size calvarial defect using osteoblast-like and umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded in gelatin/hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
abstract: The present study used a previously developed three-dimensional Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite (Gel/HA) homogeneous nanocomposite scaffold with porosity of 82% and interconnecting pores ranging from 300 to 500 μm. Cell-seeded scaffolds were used to evaluate bone regeneration of rat critical-size calvarial defect. Totally, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups, including blank defect (defects without any graft), blank scaffold (defects filled with Gel/HA scaffold without cells), and two groups of cell-seeded scaffolds (defects filled with either Gel/HA scaffold seeded with osteoblast-like and endothelial cells or osteoblast-like cell-seeded constructs). After 1, 4, and 12 weeks of scaffold implantation, rats were sacrificed and the calvaria were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analysis. In vitro tests showed that scaffolds were nontoxic to cells and promoted ideal cellular attachment. In vivo investigation on scaffold revealed that blank calvarial defects indicated incomplete tissue coverage and little evidence of bone healing. However, blank scaffold and cell-seeded scaffolds significantly promoted osteoconduction and ostegogenesis. Taken together, pre-seeded Gel/HA nanocomposite scaffold with osteoblasts and endothelial cells presented an effective combination to improve osteogenesis in the engineered bone implant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1770-1778, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadzadehzarajabad
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azami
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansure
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansooreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saied
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kargozar
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hajighasemlou
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Farajollahi
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samadikuchaksaraei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000637:transplantation*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: bone tissue engineering; endothelial cells; gelatin/hydroxyapatite; in vivo; osteoblast-like cells