title: Effect of bisphenol S exposure on male reproductive system of rats: A histological and biochemical study.
abstract: Bisphenol S (BPS) has been introduced into the industry as a safer alternative to Bisphenol A. BPS has been detected in human urine sample and induces oxidative stress in vitro and exhibit endocrine disrupting potential in vivo. However, data regarding effect of BPS in mammals is very limited and only a few studies have been carried out. In the present study, direct effect of BPS exposure on oxidative stress and testosterone concentration in rat testis was evaluated in vitro. BPS exposure not only induced oxidative stress but also enhanced antioxidant enzymes activity in the tissue. Based on in vitro results, in vivo study was carried out. In the in vivo sub-chronic study, adult male rats were exposed to different doses of BPS (1-50 μg/kg day). Significant increase in the testicular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation were observed in the higher doses tested while antioxidant enzymes activity and protein content were significantly reduced. Plasma and intra-testicular testosterone concentrations were reduced in groups treated with higher doses of BPS. Testicular morphology revealed thin seminiferous epithelium in the treated groups as compared to the control. In the epididymis, area of the tubular epithelium showed significant reduction and empty lumen were observed in the groups treated with higher concentrations of BPS. The present data suggest that BPS has the potential to induce oxidative stress in the testis and might have effect on spermatogenesis in rats.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: hizbullahwazir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hizb
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: drsarwatjahan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: ainy_choudhary@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Qurat Ul
authors.initials: QU
authors.lastname: Ain
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: ghazalashaheen1438@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ghazala
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: nidaahsan33@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahsan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013450:Sulfones / Q000633:toxicity*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000098831:Bisphenol S Compounds
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013450:Sulfones; D013739:Testosterone; C543008:bisphenol S; D000098831:Bisphenol S Compounds
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Bisphenol S; Histology; Oxidative stress; Testosterone