title: Disorganized attachment and personality functioning in adults: A latent class analysis.
abstract: Though researchers have attended to disorganized attachment in infants and children, they have infrequently focused on the character of disorganized attachment in adults. In this study, we aimed to identify clusters of participants based on attachment levels and styles, seeking to better delineate severity and stylistic differences in disorganized attachment than has been previously articulated. We used a new assessment approach focused on a hierarchy of attachment organization, including secure, insecure (dismissive and preoccupied), rigid-controlling (hostile control and compulsive caregiving), and disorganized (contradictory, impoverished, and unresolved) levels of attachment. Clinical evaluators used information from diagnostic and attachment-based interviews to rate participants on each of these aspects of attachment. Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed a 4-class solution, including a secure (n = 33), insecure (n = 110), and 2 disorganized classes. One disorganized class (disorganized-oscillating) was characterized by elevations on contradictory and preoccupied styles (n = 77) and another (disorganized-impoverished) showed elevations on impoverished and dismissive styles (n = 53). The disorganized-oscillating class exhibited elevated personality disorder (PD) severity and general symptom severity, borderline personality disorder (BPD), histrionic, and antisocial dimensional scores, and the most severe identity disturbance compared with the other classes. The impoverished-dismissive class exhibited the highest avoidant and schizoid PD dimensional scores of the classes, and higher PD severity compared with the insecure and secure classes. These results highlight the possibility of identifying distinct classes of attachment organization, differentiated both by aspects of severity and interpersonal style. They also shed light on the manifestation of attachment disorganization in adults. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Beeney
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Aidan G C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2369-0601
authors.initials: AGC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Stephanie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stepp
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hallquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sophie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University.
authors.forename: Julie R S
authors.initials: JRS
authors.lastname: Beeney
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Lori N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pilkonis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult