title: Mothers' factors associated with female genital mutilation in daughters in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.
abstract: An important proactive factor for the continuation of female genital mutilation (FGM) is tradition and customs inherited in the family from mothers to daughters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine mothers' factors associated with the occurrence of FGM among their daughters. The datasets from the Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011, on 5,184 women aged 15 to 49 years having at least one daughter, was used. Multivariate analysis based on a binary logistic regression model was applied. Mothers' age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.18 at ages 25-34 years, aOR = 22.64 at ages 35-44 years, and aOR = 29.78 at ages 45-49 years, compared to the age group 15-24 years), educational level (aOR = 0.52 for primary education, aOR = 0.26 for secondary education, and aOR = 0.03 for higher education compared to uneducated), employment status (aOR = 0.55 for women having office work compared with unemployed), FGM status (aOR = 27.44 for circumcised mothers compared to uncircumcised), the governorate of residence (aOR = 18.73 for Suleimaniya and aOR = 33.23 for Erbil compared with Dohuk), and the wealth index of the household (aOR = 0.55 for richest group compared to the poorest) were significantly associated with the occurrence of FGM in daughters. Strategies aimed at preventing this harmful practice in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region should include female education and empowerment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine , Hawler Medical University , Erbil , Iraq.
authors.forename: Nazar P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Shabila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Education; employment; female genital mutilation; governorate of residence