title: Genomic Characterization of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Gene in Buckwheat.
abstract: Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) gene which plays a key role in bio-synthesis of medicinally important compounds, Rutin/quercetin was sequence characterized for its efficient genomics application. These compounds possessing anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties and are predominantly produced by Fagopyrum spp. In the present study, PAL gene was sequenced from three Fagopyrum spp. (F. tataricum, F. esculentum and F. dibotrys) and showed the presence of three SNPs and four insertion/deletions at intra and inter specific level. Among them, the potential SNP (position 949th bp G>C) with Parsimony Informative Site was selected and successfully utilised to individuate the zygosity/allelic variation of 16 F. tataricum varieties. Insertion mutations were identified in coding region, which resulted the change of a stretch of 39 amino acids on the putative protein. Our Study revealed that autogamous species (F. tataricum) has lower frequency of observed SNPs as compared to allogamous species (F. dibotrys and F. esculentum). The identified SNPs in F. tataricum didn't result to amino acid change, while in other two species it caused both conservative and non-conservative variations. Consistent pattern of SNPs across the species revealed their phylogenetic importance. We found two groups of F. tataricum and one of them was closely related with F. dibotrys. Sequence characterization information of PAL gene reported in present investigation can be utilized in genetic improvement of buckwheat in reference to its medicinal value.
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.|Bioversity International, 00054, Maccarese (Fiumicino), Italy.
authors.forename: Karthikeyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thiyagarajan
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tolaini
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galeffi
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantale
authors.affiliation: Genetic Resource Program, International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vikram
authors.affiliation: Genetic Resource Program, International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sukhwinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Rossi
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Procacci
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Fiore
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ombretta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Presenti
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), UTAGRI- INN, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunori
mesh_terms: D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018745:Genome, Plant; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase