title: Can community-based integrated vector control hasten the process of LF elimination?
abstract: Community-based integrated vector control (IVC) using polystyrene beads (EPS) and pyrethroid impregnated curtains (PIC) as an adjunct to mass drug administration (MDA) was implemented for lymphatic filariasis elimination, in the filaria endemic villages of Tirukoilur, south India. In all the villages, MDA was carried out by the state health machinery, as part of the national filariasis elimination programme. Thirty-six difficult-to-control villages were grouped as, viz, MDA alone, MDA + EPS and MDA + EPS + PIC arms. Implementation and monitoring of IVC was carried out by the community. After 3 years of IVC, higher reductions in filariometric indices were observed in both the community and vector population. Decline in antigenaemia prevalence was higher in MDA + IVC as compared to MDA alone arm. Vector density dropped significantly (P < 0.05) in both the IVC arms, and nil transmission was observed during post-IVC period. Almost 53.8 and 75.8 % of the cesspits in MDA + EPS and MDA + EPS + PIC arms were closed by the householders, due to the enhanced awareness on vector breeding. The paper presents the key elements of IVC implementation through social mobilization in a LF prevalent area. Thus, community-based IVC strategy can hasten LF elimination, as it reduced the transmission and filariometric indices significantly. Indices were maintained at low level with nil transmission, by the community through IVC tools.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), No. 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.|RMRC-ICMR Field Unit, Car Nicobar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Sunish
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), No. 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalimuthu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), No. 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: V Ashok
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), No. 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munirathinam
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), No. 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagaraj
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), No. 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Graham B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), No. 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India. crmeicmr@icmr.org.in.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arunachalam
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D017178:Brugia malayi / Q000502:physiology; D003256:Community Participation; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D060740:Disease Eradication; D004605:Elephantiasis, Filarial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005369:Filaricides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008842:Microfilariae; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011137:Polystyrenes; D015995:Prevalence; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014958:Wuchereria bancrofti / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005369:Filaricides; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D015766:Albendazole; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine
keywords: Community; Expanded polystyrene beads; Impregnated curtains; Lymphatic filariasis; South India; Transmission