title: Early symptom measurement of Post-Stroke Depression (PSD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reported the factor structure and psychometric properties of a new measure of early symptoms of Post-Stroke Depression (PSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey methods were used to administer the measure to hospitalized post-stroke patients (N=410) in southeast China, 7-30 days after mild to moderate stroke. Factor structure of the measure was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with first and second order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Measurement reliability of each factor and the total measure was assessed using Cronbach alpha coefficient, item-total correlation, item-subscale correlation and the composite coefficient. Discriminant validity was tested using the estimated correlation matrix and average variance extracted (AVE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EFA extracted a theoretically consistent, clinically interpretable, 29-item, 6-factor model for early symptoms of PSD (dull, guilt, low, wakefulness, emotional, and nervous). A first order CFA retained the 6-factors but deleted 3 underperforming items. The results of a second-order CFA for a 6-factor, 26-item model showed acceptable model fit (χ(2)/df=2.25, CFI=0.973, TLI=0.970, RMSEA=0.055 and WRMR=1.168) with acceptable reliability and discriminant validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study survey methods and purposive sampling procedures resulted in a clinically less homogenous final sample. Separate evaluation of predictive validity, criteria validity, test-retest reliability, and invariance to patient psychosocial characteristics of the measure is planned.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our measure detected early symptoms of PSD in primarily first-ever stroke patients, an average of 11.07 days post stroke, well within the 14 day peak benchmark.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Wenzhou Medical University, School of Nursing, Wenzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Jufang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Linda Denise
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Maiyun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. Electronic address: luoyong1998@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012494:Sampling Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness
keywords: Post-Stroke Depression measurement; Post-stroke patients