title: Nanostructured lipid carrier in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma.
abstract: Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative for malignant skin diseases such as basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), due to its simplicity, enhanced patient compliance, and localization of the residual photosensitivity to the site of application. However, insufficient photosensitizer penetration into the skin is the major issue of concern with topical PDT. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to enable penetration of photosensitizer to the different strata of the skin using a lipid nanocarrier system. We have attempted to develop a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) for the topical delivery of second-generation photosensitizer, 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ALA), whose hydrophilicity and charge characteristic limit its percutaneous absorption. The microemulsion technique was used for preparing 5-ALA-loaded NLC. The mean particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency of the optimized NLC of 5-ALA were found to be 185.2 ± 1.20, 0.156 ± 0.02, and 76.8 ± 2.58%, respectively. The results of in vitro release and in vitro skin permeation studies showed controlled drug release and enhanced penetration into the skin, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell line studies respectively demonstrated that encapsulation of 5-ALA in NLC enhanced its ability to reach deeper skin layers and consequently, increased cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India .
authors.forename: Afreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qidwai
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India .
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU) , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , and.
authors.forename: Shadab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Md
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India .
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fazil
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India .
authors.forename: Sanjula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baboota
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India .|c Department of Pharmaceutics , Khalsa College of Pharmacy , Amritsar , India.
authors.forename: Jasjeet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India .
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007982:Levulinic Acids; D008055:Lipids; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid
keywords: Basal cell carcinoma; nanostructured lipid carrier; photosensitizer; pseudoternary diagrams; topical photodynamic therapy