title: Utility of surrogate markers for the prediction of relapses in inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: Patients with diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will commonly experience a clinical relapse in spite of a prolonged therapy-induced period of clinical remission. The current methods of assessing subclinical levels of low-grade inflammation which predispose patients to relapse are not optimal when considering both cost and patient comfort. Over the past few decades, much investigation has discovered that proteins such as calprotectin that are released from inflammatory cells are capable of indicating disease activity. Along with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, calprotectin has now become part of the current methodology for assessing IBD activity. More recently, research has identified that other fecal and serum biomarkers such as lactoferrin, S100A12, GM-CSF autoantibodies, α1-antitrypsin, eosinophil-derived proteins, and cytokine concentrations have variable degrees of utility in monitoring gastrointestinal tract inflammation. In order to provide direction toward novel methods of predicting relapse in IBD, we provide an up-to-date review of these biomarkers and their potential utility in the prediction of clinical relapse, given their observed activities during various stages of clinical remission.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Department, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Jason Orlando Dimitri
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Musci
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
authors.forename: Jack Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cornish
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany. Jan.Daebritz@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-5283
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Däbritz
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D000067616:S100A12 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: C-reactive protein; Calprotectin; GM-CSF; Lactoferrin; Monitoring; S100