title: Potential Influence of Advance Care Planning and Palliative Care Consultation on ICU Costs for Patients With Chronic and Serious Illness.
abstract: To estimate the potential ICU-related cost savings if in-hospital advance care planning and ICU-based palliative care consultation became standard of care for patients with chronic and serious illness.
  
  
  
  Decision analysis using literature estimates and inpatient administrative data from Premier.
  
  
  
  Patients with chronic, life-limiting illness admitted to a hospital within the Premier network.
  
  
  
  None.
  
  
  
  Using Premier data (2008-2012), ICU resource utilization and costs were tracked over a 1-year time horizon for 2,097,563 patients with chronic life-limiting illness. Using a Markov microsimulation model, we explored the potential cost savings from the hospital system perspective under a variety of scenarios by varying the interventions' efficacies and availabilities. Of 2,097,563 patients, 657,825 (31%) used the ICU during the 1-year time horizon; mean ICU spending per patient was 11.3k (SD, 17.6k). In the base-case analysis, if in-hospital advance care planning and ICU-based palliative care consultation were systematically provided, we estimated a mean reduction in ICU costs of 2.8k (SD, 14.5k) per patient and an ICU cost saving of 25%. Among the simulated patients who used the ICU, the receipt of both interventions could have resulted in ICU cost savings of 1.9 billion, representing a 6% reduction in total hospital costs for these patients.
  
  
  
  In-hospital advance care planning and palliative care consultation have the potential to result in significant cost savings. Studies are needed to confirm these findings, but our results provide guidance for hospitals and policymakers.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA. 2Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 3Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Nita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Benkeser
authors.forename: Norma B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Coe
authors.forename: J Randall
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010343:Patient Admission