title: Enhanced chemiluminescence of carminic acid-permanganate by CdS quantum dots and its application for sensitive quenchometric flow injection assays of cloxacillin.
abstract: A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system is introduced based on the oxidation of carminic acid by KMnO4 in acidic conditions. CdS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method which efficiently enhanced the intensity of the CL system. A possible mechanism for the proposed system is presented using the kinetic curves, CL spectra, photoluminescence (PL), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) analysis. The emission intensity of the KMnO4-carminic acid-CdS QDs system was quenched in the presence of a trace level of cloxacillin. Based on this quenching effect, a novel and sensitive flow injection CL method was developed for determining cloxacillin concentrations. At optimal experimental conditions, the decreased CL intensity had a good linear relation with the cloxacillin concentration in the range of 0.008 to 22.0 mg L(-1). The detection limit (3σ) was 5.8 µg L(-1). The precision of the method was calculated by analyzing samples containing 4.0 mg L(-1) of cloxacillin (n=11), and the relative standard deviations (RSD%) were 2.08%. The feasibility of the method is also demonstrated for determining cloxacillin concentrations in environmental water samples and a pharmaceutical formulation.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: a_khataee@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khataee
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Aliyeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotfi
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea. Electronic address: swjoo@yu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Joo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D001681:Biological Assay; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002329:Carmine / Q000737:chemistry; D003023:Cloxacillin / Q000032:analysis*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D057230:Limit of Detection; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011196:Potassium Permanganate / Q000737:chemistry; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011196:Potassium Permanganate; C058667:cadmium selenide; D002329:Carmine; D003023:Cloxacillin
keywords: CdS quantum dots; Chemiluminescence; Cloxacillin sodium; Flow injection