title: Sinabro: A Smartphone-Integrated Opportunistic Electrocardiogram Monitoring System.
abstract: In our preliminary study, we proposed a smartphone-integrated, unobtrusive electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system, Sinabro, which monitors a user's ECG opportunistically during daily smartphone use without explicit user intervention. The proposed system also monitors ECG-derived features, such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), to support the pervasive healthcare apps for smartphones based on the user's high-level contexts, such as stress and affective state levels. In this study, we have extended the Sinabro system by: (1) upgrading the sensor device; (2) improving the feature extraction process; and (3) evaluating extensions of the system. We evaluated these extensions with a good set of algorithm parameters that were suggested based on empirical analyses. The results showed that the system could capture ECG reliably and extract highly accurate ECG-derived features with a reasonable rate of data drop during the user's daily smartphone use.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea. sjkwon@bmsil.snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sungjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea. azuremoon@bmsil.snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dongseok
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea. jhkim119@bmsil.snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902, Singapore. youngkilee@smu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Youngki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science and Engineering, KOREATECH, Cheonan, 31253, Korea. swkang@koreatech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: The 7th R&amp;D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 32024, Korea. prizeworthy3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sangwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea. pks@bmsil.snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwangsuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D000068997:Smartphone
keywords: ECG; opportunistic sensing; phone case-type; sensor; smartphone-integrated; unobtrusive sensing