title: Enzymatic milk clotting activity in artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaves and alpine thistle (Carduus defloratus) flowers. Immobilization of alpine thistle aspartic protease.
abstract: Two different milk clotting enzymes, belonging to the aspartic protease family, were extracted from both artichoke leaves and alpine thistle flowers, and the latter was covalently immobilized by using a polyacrylic support containing polar epoxy groups. Our findings showed that the alpine thistle aspartic protease was successfully immobilized at pH 7.0 on Immobeads IB-150P beads and that, under these experimental conditions, an immobilization yield of about 68% and a recovery of about 54% were obtained. Since the enzyme showed an optimal pH of 5.0, a value very similar to the one generally used for milk clotting during cheese making, and exhibited a satisfactory stability over time, the use of such immobilized vegetable rennet for the production of novel dairy products is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: prospero.dipierro@unina.it.
authors.forename: Prospero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Pierro
authors.affiliation: Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Winnie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dejonghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariniello
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases / Q000737:chemistry*; D031177:Carduus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D002417:Cattle; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010940:Plant Proteins; D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases
keywords: Aspartic protease; Carduus defloratus; Cynara scolymus; Milk clotting