title: Music and Video Gaming during Breaks: Influence on Habitual versus Goal-Directed Decision Making.
abstract: Different systems for habitual versus goal-directed control are thought to underlie human decision-making. Working memory is known to shape these decision-making systems and their interplay, and is known to support goal-directed decision making even under stress. Here, we investigated if and how decision systems are differentially influenced by breaks filled with diverse everyday life activities known to modulate working memory performance. We used a within-subject design where young adults listened to music and played a video game during breaks interleaved with trials of a sequential two-step Markov decision task, designed to assess habitual as well as goal-directed decision making. Based on a neurocomputational model of task performance, we observed that for individuals with a rather limited working memory capacity video gaming as compared to music reduced reliance on the goal-directed decision-making system, while a rather large working memory capacity prevented such a decline. Our findings suggest differential effects of everyday activities on key decision-making processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Shuyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maxim S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kuschpel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.|Social and Preventive Medicine, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003657:Decision Making; D004651:Employment; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009146:Music; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult