title: Method optimization and validation for the determination of eight sulfonamides in chicken muscle and eggs by modified QuEChERS and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
abstract: A simple, effective and reliable method for the determination of eight sulfonamide antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfapiridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfachloropiridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadoxine, sulfadimethoxin) in chicken muscle and eggs by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection has been developed and validated. Sulfonamides do not present native fluorescence, however their direct determination was achieved by on-line post-column photochemical derivatization by UV irradiation. Sample treatment was based on QuEChERS with several modifications depending on the matrix. Egg extracts were cleaned-up using PSA for the dispersive solid phase extraction step. On the other hand, a new clean-up sorbent, Supel™ QuE Z-Sep(+), has been successfully applied in chicken muscle extract and has proved to be effective for interference removal from this matrix. Under optimum conditions, recoveries from 65.9 to 88.1%, relative standard deviations lower than 10% (except for sulfachloropiridazine), and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 14 to 85 μg kg(-1) were achieved. Thus, the method complies with current European requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José Fernando
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huertas-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Manzanares
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Havlíková
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gámiz-Gracia
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solich
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: amgarcia@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Campaña
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002645:Chickens; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013449:Sulfonamides
keywords: Egg; HPLC; Meat; Photoinduced fluorescence; QuEChERS; Sulfonamides