title: Does high level youth sports participation increase the risk of femoroacetabular impingement? A review of the current literature.
abstract: Sports participation can be an integral part of adolescent development with numerous positive short and long-term effects. Despite these potential benefits very high levels of physical activity, during skeletal maturation, have been proposed as a possible cause of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The influence of physical activity on the developing physis has been previously described both in animal studies and epidemiological studies of adolescent athletes. It is therefore important to determine whether the development of FAI is secondary to excessive physical activity or a combination of a vulnerable physis and a set level of physical activity. A review of the current literature suggests that adolescent males participating in ice-hockey, basketball and soccer, training at least three times a week, are at greater risk than their non-athletic counterparts of developing the femoral head-neck deformity associated with femoroacetabular impingement.
authors.affiliation: Territory Sports Medicine, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Viran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.|Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Institute of Sports Medicine, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia.|School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Institute of Sports Medicine, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia. damien.mckay@health.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009043:Motor Activity; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D000067009:Youth Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Adolescent; Femoroacetabular impingement; Sports Participation