title: Anthocyanins and flavonols are responsible for purple color of Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet pods.
abstract: Lablab pods, as dietary vegetable, have high nutritional values similar to most of edible legumes. Moreover, our studies confirmed that purple lablab pods contain the natural pigments of anthocyanins and flavonols. Compared to green pods, five kinds of anthocyanins (malvidin, delphinidin and petunidin derivatives) were found in purple pods by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the major contents were delphinidin derivatives. Besides, nine kinds of polyphenol derivatives (quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol and apigenin derivatives) were detected by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the major components were quercetin and myricetin derivatives. In order to discover their molecular mechanism, expression patterns of biosynthesis and regulatory gens of anthocyanins and flavonols were investigated. Experimental results showed that LpPAL, LpF3H, LpF3'H, LpDFR, LpANS and LpPAP1 expressions were significantly induced in purple pods compared to green ones. Meanwhile, transcripts of LpFLS were more abundant in purple pods than green or yellow ones, suggestind that co-pigments of anthocyanins and flavonols are accumulated in purple pods. Under continuously dark condition, no anthocyanin accumulation was detected in purple pods and transcripts of LpCHS, LpANS, LpFLS and LpPAP1 were remarkably repressed, indicating that anthocyanins and flavonols biosynthesis in purple pods was regulated in light-dependent manner. These results indicate that co-pigments of anthocyanins and flavonols contribute to purple pigmentations of pods.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baolu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wencheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiaoli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: chenguoping@cqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003116:Color; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D044948:Flavonols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008027:Light; D010858:Pigmentation; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D059808:Polyphenols; C065861:malvidin; C040015:myricetin; C017185:delphinidin; C473206:petunidin
keywords: Anthocyanins; Flavonols; HPLC/UPLC-ESI-MS/MS; Lablab pods; Light dependent