title: Recombinant FIP-gat, a Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein from Ganoderma atrum, Induces Growth Inhibition and Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells.
abstract: FIP-gat, an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Ganoderma atrum, is a new member of the FIP family. Little is known, however, about its expressional properties and antitumor activities. It was availably expressed in Escherichia coli with a total yield of 29.75 mg/L. The migration of recombinant FIP-gat (rFIP-gat) on SDS-PAGE corresponded to the predicted molecular mass, and the band was correctly detected by a specific antibody. To characterize the direct effects of rFIP-gat on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of rFIP-gat in vitro; the results showed that this protein could reduce cell viability dose-dependently with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9.96 μg/mL and agglutinate the MDA-MB-231 cells at a concentration as low as 5 μg/mL. Furthermore, FIP-gat at a concentration of 10 μg/mL can induce significant growth inhibition and cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, FIP-gat treatment triggers significant cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition and pronounced increase in apoptotic cell population. Molecular assays based on microarray and real-time PCR further revealed the potential mechanisms encompassing growth arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy underlying the phenotypic effects.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuan-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins
keywords: Ganoderma atrum; agglutination; cell death; fungal immunomodulatory protein; growth inhibition