title: Physical training decreases susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures in the injured rat brain.
abstract: There is growing evidence that physical activity ameliorates the course of epilepsy in animal models as well as in clinical conditions. Since traumatic brain injury is one of the strongest determinants of epileptogenesis, the present study focuses on the question whether a moderate long-term physical training can decrease susceptibility to seizures evoked following brain damage. Wistar rats received a mechanical brain injury and were subjected to daily running sessions on a treadmill for 21 days. Thereafter, seizures were induced by pilocarpine injections in trained and non-trained, control groups. During the acute period of status epilepticus, the intensity of seizures was assessed within the six-hour observation period. The trained rats showed considerable amelioration of pilocarpine-induced motor symptoms when compared with their non-trained counterparts. Histological investigations of effects of the brain injury and of physical training detected significant quantitative changes in parvalbumin-, calretinin- and NPY-immunopositive neuronal populations. Some of the injury-induced changes, especially those shoved by parvalbumin-immunopositive neurons, were abolished by the subsequent physical training procedure and could, therefore, be considered as neuronal correlates of the observed functional amelioration of the injured brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Zuzanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Setkowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kosonowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaczyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gzieło-Jurek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: k.janeczko@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janeczko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D064032:Calbindin 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D010862:Pilocarpine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D064032:Calbindin 2; C000614142:Gfap protein, rat; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D010320:Parvalbumins; D010862:Pilocarpine
keywords: Calretinin; Cell counting; Exercise; GFAP; Immunostaining; NPY; Parvalbumin; Treadmill