title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of screen time behaviour among North American indigenous populations.
abstract: Screen time (computer, television, video game and smartphone/tablet activity) is associated with increased obesity and other health risks. This systematic review evaluates screen time among North American Indigenous populations and compares it with that of North American Europeans. Electronic databases (e.g. MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched, and citations cross-referenced. Included articles reported screen time among First Nations/American Indians, Métis, Inuit/Alaskan Natives or Native Hawaiians. From 788 citations evaluated, 40 identified articles report television, video game, computer and/or overall screen time. Overall screen time was 3.65 ± 1.26 h day(-1) (n = 2,242, 8 articles) among Indigenous children/youth and 3.61 ± 2.95 h day(-1) (n = 155, 1 article) among adults. Among children/youth, 66.0% (n = 11 256, 9 articles) reported less than 2 h day(-1) of television screen time, while only 52.8% (n = 2,458, 1 article) of adults reported this volume. Screen time was generally greater among male population, youth, First Nations/American Indians and overweight/obese individuals. Indigenous children/youth reported greater overall screen time than North American Europeans (4.81 ± 2.84 h day(-1) , n = 1,182 vs. 3.40 ± 2.81 h day(-1) , n = 2,785; 3 articles; p < 0.0001). Screen time is common among North American Indigenous populations. Further research evaluating interventions to reduce screen time and chronic disease risks is required.
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: H J A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-2547
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Foulds
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Library, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001519:Behavior; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aboriginal; Native American; sedentary behaviour; television