title: Is the chemotherapy era in advanced non-small cell lung cancer really over? Maybe not yet.
abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in both the male and female population. In Italy it is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and the third in women. Although the 5-year survival rate has moderately increased in the last years, the diagnosis remains associated with a very poor prognosis. However, in the last decade significant progress has been made, also in the treatment of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer. The advent of targeted therapies and the recent explosion of immunotherapy seem to have limited the role of chemotherapy. But is this completely true? The aim of this editorial is to discuss some of the most controversial aspects of the therapeutic scenario in non-small cell lung cancer, with particular attention to the role that chemotherapy still plays.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan - Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan - Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imbimbo
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan - Italy.
authors.forename: Marina Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Garassino
mesh_terms: D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D009154:Mutation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases