title: The Birth of Animal Development: Multicellularity and the Germline.
abstract: The evolution of multicellular animals has been attributed to many kinds of selective advantage; here I suggest that the evolution of somatic cells to feed and protect the germline was central to the appearance of animals. This would have been driven by selection for extreme anisogamy--the evolution of sperm and egg. Evidence is adduced from the germline stem cells of simple animals (defining germline as any cell that normally produces the next generation via the sexual process) and from the control circuitry ubiquitous in animal germlines. With the soma and its elaboration came animal development, as we understand it.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom. Electronic address: h.r.woodland@warwick.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hugh R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Woodland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Balbiani body; Chromatoid body; Germline; Multicellularity; Soma evolution