title: Low-molecular-weight carbohydrate Pentaisomaltose may replace dimethyl sulfoxide as a safer cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cells.
abstract: Cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cell products are widely used for certain hematologic malignancies. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the most widely used cryoprotective agent (CPA) today, but due to indications of cellular toxicity, changes of the cellular epigenetic state, and patient-related side effects, there is an increasing demand for DMSO-free alternatives. We therefore investigated whether Pentaisomaltose (PIM), a low-molecular-weight carbohydrate (1 kDa), can be used for cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cells, more specifically hematopoietic progenitor cell apheresis (HPC(A)) product.
  
  
  
  We cryopreserved patient or donor HPC(A) products using 10% DMSO or 16% PIM and quantified the recovery of CD34+ cells and CD34+ subpopulations by multicolor flow cytometry. In addition, we compared the frequency of HPCs after DMSO and PIM cryopreservation using the colony-forming cells (CFCs) assay.
  
  
  
  The mean CD34+ cell recovery was 56.3 ± 23.7% (11.4%-97.3%) and 58.2 ± 10.0% (45.7%-76.9%) for 10% DMSO and 16% PIM, respectively. The distribution of CD34+ cell subpopulations was similar when comparing DMSO or PIM as CPA. CFC assay showed mean colony numbers of 70.7 ± 25.4 (range, 37.8-115.5) and 67.7 ± 15.7 (range, 48-86) for 10% DMSO and 16% PIM, respectively.
  
  
  
  Our findings demonstrate that PIM cryopreservation of HPC(A) products provides recovery of CD34+ cells, CD34+ subpopulations, and CFCs similar to that of DMSO cryopreservation and therefore may have the potential to be used for cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper Dyrendom
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Svalgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Eva Kannik
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Haastrup
authors.affiliation: The Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reckzeh
authors.affiliation: Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter Viktor
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Glovinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Jette Sønderskov
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gørløv
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten Bagge
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: The Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Hematology, Skånes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kim Theilgaard
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Moench
authors.affiliation: Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007534:Isomaltose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000072916:Peripheral Blood Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D007534:Isomaltose; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide