title: Home-Based Early Intervention and the Influence of Family Resources on Cognitive Development.
abstract: To investigate whether early developmental intervention (EDI) can positively affect the trajectories of cognitive development among children from low-resource families.
  
  
  
  Longitudinal analyses were conducted of data from 293 children in the Brain Research to Ameliorate Impaired Neurodevelopment Home-based Intervention Trial, a randomized controlled trial of a home-based EDI program, to examine trajectories of Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition Mental Development Index (MDI) scores from 12 to 36 months of age among young children from high- and low-resource families in 3 low- to middle-resource countries.
  
  
  
  A 3-way interaction among family resources, intervention group, and age was statistically significant after controlling for maternal, child, and birth characteristics (Wald χ(2)(1) = 9.41, P = .002). Among children of families with high resources, both the intervention and control groups had significant increases in MDI scores over time (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively), and 36-month MDI scores for these 2 groups did not differ significantly (P = .602). However, in families with low resources, the EDI group displayed greater improvement, resulting in significantly higher 36-month MDI scores than the control group (P < .001). In addition, the 36-month MDI scores for children in families with low resources receiving EDI did not differ significantly from children from high-resource families in either the EDI (P = .509) or control (P = .882) groups.
  
  
  
  A home-based EDI during the first 3 years of life can substantially decrease the developmental gap between children from families with lower versus higher resources, even among children in low- to middle-resource countries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Statistical and Data Sciences, and cmb@rti.org.
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bann
authors.affiliation: Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California;
authors.forename: Jan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wallander
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thorsten
authors.affiliation: Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan;
authors.forename: Omrana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pasha
authors.affiliation: Sparks Clinics and Department of Psychology, and.
authors.forename: Fred J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Biasini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, and.
authors.forename: Roopa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, KLE Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India; and.
authors.forename: Shivaprasad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goudar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Elwyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chomba
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
authors.forename: Waldemar A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Carlo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult