title: Phylogenetic analysis and differential expression of EF1α genes in soybean during development, stress and phytohormone treatments.
abstract: The EF1α is a multifunctional protein with additional unrelated activities to its primary function in translation. This protein is encoded by a multigene family and few studies are still available in plants. Expression of six EF1α genes in Glycine max was performed using RT-qPCR and RNA-seq data to advance in the function of each gene during plant development, stress conditions and phytohormone treatments. A phylogenetic classification in Phaseoleae tribe was used to identify the G. max EF1α genes (EF1α 1a1, 1a2, 1b, 2a, 2b and 3). Three EF1α types (1-3) were found in Phaseoleae revealing duplications in G. max types 1 and 2. EF1α genes were expressed in all studied tissues, however, specific amount of each transcript was detected. In plant development, all EF1α transcripts were generally more expressed in younger tissues, however, in unifoliolate leaves and cotyledons a higher expression occurred in older tissues. Five EF1α genes (except 2a) were up-regulated under stress in a response tissue/stress/cultivar-dependent. EF1α 3 was the most stress-induced gene linked to cultivar stress tolerance mainly in aerial tissues. Auxin, salicylate and ethylene induced differentially the EF1α expression. Overall, this study provides a consistent EF1α classification in Phaseoleae tribe to better understand their functional evolution. The RT-qPCR and RNA-seq EF1α expression profiles were consistent, both exhibiting expression diversification of each gene (spatio-temporal, stress and phytohormone stimuli). Our results point out the EF1α genes, especially EF1α 3, as candidate for developing a useful tool for future G. max breeding.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., 6033, Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Daniella da Cruz
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., 6033, Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Edson Rocha
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., 6033, Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clesivan Pereira
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., 6033, Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine Thiers Leitão
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., 6033, Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaina Martins
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., 6033, Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirce
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernandes de Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., 6033, Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil. helio.costa@ufc.br.
authors.forename: José Hélio
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D015977:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D015977:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-1; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Gene duplication; Gene expression; Glycine max; Phaseoleae tribe; Phytohormone stimuli; Stress response