title: Determination of elemental impurities in poly(vinyl chloride) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
abstract: In this work, a method for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was developed. Samples were digested by microwave-induced combustion (MIC) and thirteen elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were determined by ICP-OES. Operational conditions of MIC were investigated allowing quantitative determination of all the analytes and suitable results were achieved using a 3 mol L(-1) HNO3 solution. Microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) using closed quartz vessels and a single reaction chamber microwave digestion system (MAWD-SRC), were also evaluated for PVC digestion for results comparison. All the evaluated sample preparation methods were considered suitable for PVC digestion but MIC was preferable due to the possibility of using diluted HNO3 instead of concentrated reagents and due to the better digestion efficiency. The residual carbon content (RCC) in digests obtained by MIC was significantly lower in comparison with the values obtained after MAWD and by MAWD-SRC. Accuracy for the proposed method was better than 94% for all analytes by comparison of results with those obtained by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Using MIC, it was possible to digest a relatively high sample mass (500 mg) and up to 8 samples in less time (25 min) in comparison with MAWD and MAWD-SRC (about 60 min for both methods). The efficiency of digestion by MIC was higher 99% and lower limits of detection (as low as 0.1 µg g(-1)) were obtained avoiding the use of concentrated acids that is of great concern according to the current green chemistry recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia S F
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pedrotti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Miceli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana S F
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: ericommf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erico M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Flores
mesh_terms: D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008872:Microwaves; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride
keywords: ICP-OES; Microwave-assisted acid digestion; Microwave-induced combustion; PVC analysis; PVC digestion; Polymers analysis; Single reaction chamber