title: Simultaneous determination of estrogens (ethinylestradiol and norgestimate) concentrations in human and bovine serum albumin by use of fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate regression analysis.
abstract: The endocrine disruption property of estrogens necessitates the immediate need for effective monitoring and development of analytical protocols for their analyses in biological and human specimens. This study explores the first combined utility of a steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate partial-least-square (PLS) regression analysis for the simultaneous determination of two estrogens (17α-ethinylestradiol (EE) and norgestimate (NOR)) concentrations in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) samples. The influence of EE and NOR concentrations and temperature on the emission spectra of EE-HSA EE-BSA, NOR-HSA, and NOR-BSA complexes was also investigated. The binding of EE with HSA and BSA resulted in increase in emission characteristics of HSA and BSA and a significant blue spectra shift. In contrast, the interaction of NOR with HSA and BSA quenched the emission characteristics of HSA and BSA. The observed emission spectral shifts preclude the effective use of traditional univariate regression analysis of fluorescent data for the determination of EE and NOR concentrations in HSA and BSA samples. Multivariate partial-least-squares (PLS) regression analysis was utilized to correlate the changes in emission spectra with EE and NOR concentrations in HSA and BSA samples. The figures-of-merit of the developed PLS regression models were excellent, with limits of detection as low as 1.6×10(-8) M for EE and 2.4×10(-7) M for NOR and good linearity (R(2)>0.994985). The PLS models correctly predicted EE and NOR concentrations in independent validation HSA and BSA samples with a root-mean-square-percent-relative-error (RMS%RE) of less than 6.0% at physiological condition. On the contrary, the use of univariate regression resulted in poor predictions of EE and NOR in HSA and BSA samples, with RMS%RE larger than 40% at physiological conditions. High accuracy, low sensitivity, simplicity, low-cost with no prior analyte extraction or separation required makes this method promising, compelling, and attractive alternative for the rapid determination of estrogen concentrations in biomedical and biological specimens, pharmaceuticals, or environmental samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
authors.forename: LaQuana N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hordge
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
authors.forename: Kiara L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
authors.forename: Derick D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA. Electronic address: sofakayo@ncat.edu.
authors.forename: Sayo O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Fakayode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; C017576:norgestimate
keywords: Chemometrics; Estrogens-analysis; Ethinylestradiol; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Human serum albumin; Multivariate-analysis; Norgestimate; Partial-least-square regression