title: Sensitive determination of estrogens in environmental waters treated with polymeric ionic liquid-based stir cake sorptive extraction and liquid chromatographic analysis.
abstract: A simple, sensitive and environmentally friendly method using polymeric ionic liquid-based stir cake sorptive extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) has been developed for efficient quantification of six selected estrogens in environmental waters. To extract trace estrogens effectively, a poly (1-ally-3-vinylimidazolium chloride-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic cake was prepared and used as the sorbent of stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE). The effects of preparation conditions of sorbent and extraction parameters of SCSE for estrogens were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the developed method showed satisfactory analytical performance for targeted analytes. Low limits of detection (S/N=3) and quantification limits (S/N=10) were achieved within the range of 0.024-0.057 µg/L and 0.08-0.19 µg/L, respectively. Good linearity of method was obtained for analytes with the correlation coefficients (R(2)) above 0.99. At the same time, satisfactory method repeatability and reproducibility was achieved in terms of intra- and inter-day precisions, respectively. Finally, the established SCSE-HPLC/DAD method was successfully applied for the determination of estrogens in different environmental water samples. Recoveries obtained for the determination of estrogens in spiked samples ranged from 71.2% to 108%, with RSDs below 10% in all cases.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: hxj@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Dongxing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004777:Environment; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water
keywords: Environmental waters; Estrogen; Polymeric ionic liquid; Sorbent; Stir cake sorptive extraction