title: Mitochondrial genomes of Heterakis gallinae and Heterakis beramporia support that they belong to the infraorder Ascaridomorpha.
abstract: Heterakis gallinae and Heterakis beramporia are the most prevalent nematode infecting native chicken breed, causing major economic losses. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mt) of H. gallinae and H. beramporia were amplified by long-PCR and then sequenced. The complete mt genomes of H. gallinae and H. beramporia were 13,973bp and 14,012bp in size, respectively. Both mt genomes contain 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. All genes are transcribed in the same direction and the gene arrangement is identical to Ascaridia spp. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 12 protein-coding genes revealed that the family Heterakidae (represented by H. gallinae and H. beramporia) was more closely related to the infraorder Ascaridomorpha than it was to the infraorder Oxyuridomorpha. The present study determined the complete mt genome sequences for two Heterakis species, providing useful markers for studying the systematics, population genetics, and molecular epidemiology of these Heterakis parasites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611133, PR China.
authors.forename: Bao-Jian
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611133, PR China. Electronic address: guxiaobin198225@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611133, PR China.
authors.forename: Guang-You
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611133, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611133, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611133, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
authors.forename: Guo-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003062:Codon; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D005787:Gene Frequency; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009348:Nematoda / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D012343:RNA, Transfer
keywords: Heterakidae nematodes; Long-PCR; Mitochondrial genome; Phylogenetic analyses