title: Insights into properties of activated carbons prepared from different raw precursors by pyrophosphoric acid activation.
abstract: Low-cost activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from four kinds of solid wastes: petroleum coke, Enteromorpha prolifera, lignin from papermaking black liquid and hair, by pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7) activation. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the pyrolysis of H4P2O7-precursor mixtures implied that H4P2O7 had different influences on the pyrolysis behavior of the four raw materials. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and adsorption capacities for dyes were used to characterize the prepared activated carbons. AC derived from E. prolifera exhibited the highest surface area (1094m(2)/g) and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for malachite green (1250mg/g). Kinetic studies showed that the experimental data were in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating the adsorption of dye onto the ACs proceeded by monolayers.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China. Electronic address: qyyue58@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Qinyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002606:Charcoal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D003077:Coke; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D044445:Ulva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003077:Coke; D011756:Diphosphates; D002606:Charcoal; C107241:diphosphoric acid; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Adsorption; Dye; Low-cost adsorbent; Pyrophosphoric acid; Solid waste