title: Effect of Isometric Hand Grip Exercises on Blood Flow and Placement of IV Catheters for Administration of Chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complications may occur in the subcutaneous or subdermal tissues during IV administration of chemotherapy related to blood flow and catheter placement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Daily isometric hand grip exercises were evaluated for their effect on blood flow in the vessels of the nondominant arm before placement of IV catheters and the success rate of IV catheter placement on the first attempt.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study focused on patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma receiving the first and second cycles of chemotherapy. The intervention group performed daily isometric hand grip exercises before chemotherapy with peripheral catheter insertion. The control group performed routine activities only. Blood flow was measured by ultrasound in the brachial artery (BA) and brachial vein (BV) of the nondominant arm before the first (T1) and second (T2) cycles of chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood flow slightly increased in the intervention group at T2 compared to T1. In the control group, blood flow decreased in the BA and did not change in the BV at T2 compared to T1. The success rate for first-attempt placement of a peripheral IV catheter was the same for the intervention and control groups.
authors.affiliation: Eskisehir Osmangazi University.
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozkaraman
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Department of Medical Nursing, University in Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Öznur Usta
authors.initials: ÖU
authors.lastname: Yesilbalkan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey
keywords: blood flow; intravenous chemotherapy; isometric hand grip exercises