title: Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of Terminalia phenolics after intragastric administration of the aqueous extracts of the fruit of Terminalia chebula and a Mongolian compound medicine-Gurigumu-7.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dried fruit of Terminalia chebula (fructus chebulae) is an important Traditional Medicine used for intestinal and hepatic detoxification. Gurigumu-7 which is made of fructus chebulae and 6 other traditional medicines is one of the most frequently used compound Mongolian and Tibet medicines for liver diseases. Terminalia phenolics are considered as the bioactive constituents of fructus chebulae and consequently of Gurigumu-7.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of Terminalia phenolics after intragastric administration of the aqueous extracts of fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7 and to evaluate the possible influence of intestinal bacterial metabolism on these pharmacokinetic profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ultra performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was established and validated for simultaneously determining the pharmacokinetic profiles of seven Terminalia phenolics after intragastric administration of pure compounds, fructus chebulae extract, and Gurigumu-7 extract. In vitro rat fecal lysates experiments were carried out to explore the metabolic discrepancy between fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven Terminalia phenolics were detected in rat plasma after intragastric administration of the aqueous extracts of fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7. Administration of Gurigumu-7 could promote the absorption and increase the Cmax and AUC values of these phenolic constituents compared to fructus chebulae administration. The fecal lysates studies showed that the Terminalia phenolics in Gurigumu-7 were less rapidly bio-transformed than those in fructus chebulae. This may be a contributing factor to the pharmacokinetic discrepancy between the phenolics in fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of Gurigumu-7 could increase the absorption of Terminalia phenolics through slowing down the intestinal bacteria metabolism. These results provide, in part, an in vivo rationale for the formulation of the traditional Mongolia / Tibet medicine, Gurigumu-7.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China. Electronic address: gaojiezky@163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lagos, CMUL/LUTH campus, PMB12003 Idiaraba-Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: olusegunajala@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Olusegun S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Ajala
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China. Electronic address: 530378819@qq.com.
authors.forename: Chun-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China. Electronic address: 582828746@qq.com.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China. Electronic address: 812662234@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jia-Huan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China. Electronic address: 986653295@qq.co.
authors.forename: Hai-Peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China. Electronic address: Jukovzaya@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Azzaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jukov
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China. Electronic address: cmma@imu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chao-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006207:Half-Life; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008986:Mongolia; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry*; D018609:Tibet
chemical_list: C000613392:Gurigumu-7; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 5-O-galloylshikimic acid (PubChem CID: 460899); Chebulagic acid (PubChem CID: 442674); Chebulic acid (PubChem CID: 71308174); Chebumeinin B; Corilagin (PubChem CID: 73568); Ellagic acid (PubChem CID: 5281855); Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Gurigumu-7; Hydrolysable tannins; Pharmacokinetic; Terminalia chebula; Traditional Mongolia medicine; UPLC-QQQMS