title: Advances in development of fluorescent probes for detecting amyloid-β aggregates.
abstract: With accumulating evidence suggesting that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is a good diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the discovery of active Aβ probes has become an active area of research. Among the existing imaging methods, optical imaging targeting Aβ aggregates (fibrils or oligomers), especially using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes, is increasingly recognized as a promising approach for the early diagnosis of AD due to its real time detection, low cost, lack of radioactive exposure and high-resolution. In the past decade, a variety of fluorescent probes have been developed and tested for efficiency in vitro, and several probes have shown efficacy in AD transgenic mice. This review classifies these representative probes based on their chemical structures and functional modes (dominant solvent-dependent mode and a novel solvent-independent mode). Moreover, the pharmaceutical characteristics of these representative probes are summarized and discussed. This review provides important perspectives for the future development of novel NIR Aβ diagnostic probes.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Can
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: You-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C095489:4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001896:Boron Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013267:Stilbenes; D013844:Thiazoles; D013876:Thiophenes; C009462:thioflavin T; D003474:Curcumin