title: Acceptability of study procedures (self-collected introital swabs, blood draws and stool sample collection) by students 10-16 years for an HPV vaccine effectiveness study: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A cohort study was planned to evaluate vaccine immunogenicity and effect of malaria and helminth co-infections on the bivalent Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. The study would involve self collected introital swabs, blood draws and stool sample collection. We therefore conducted a pilot study to assess the acceptability of these procedures among the students and their parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cross-sectional study among forty four students from two purposively selected primary schools of Western Uganda. Exit interviews and two focus group discussions (FGD) (for parents) were conducted. Acceptability was measured by willingness to undergo the procedures again, recommending the procedures to others as well as proportion of introital swabs positive for β globulin. FGD determined acceptability of the parents and explored opinions and perceptions that would influence their decisions. HPV-16/18 and β globulin deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were analysed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit. All the students (100%) in the study were willing to provide a self- collected introital swab and a stool sample as well as recommending their friends while (86.3%) were willing for blood draws. There were 40/44 (90.1%) self collected introital swabs that had positive result for human β globulin though none of them was positive for HPV-16/18. In the FGD, it emerged that parents concerns were on the blood draws and introital swab collection which were addressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study procedures were highly acceptable among this study population of students and their parents. Follow-up to assess HPV vaccine effectiveness and factors that may influence the vaccine in this age group is feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. ivuds@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakalembe
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Twaha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mutyaba
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirembe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013334:Students; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Acceptability; Blood; HPV vaccine; Self-collected vaginal swabs; Stool; Uganda