title: Stress Levels of Nurses in Oncology Outpatient Units.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oncology nursing is often a source of substantial stress for nurses. Many nurses, particularly novice nurses, have inadequate preparation to care for patients at the end of life and their families. Unless nurses prevent or manage work-related stress by using effective coping strategies, oncology nursing staff will continue to suffer from burnout and compassion fatigue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to identify stress levels and stressful factors of nurses working in oncology outpatient units and to explore coping behaviors for work-related stress of oncology staff nurses in outpatient units.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to identify stress levels and stressful factors for outpatient oncology nurses, investigate differences in stress levels among nurses' demographic characteristics, and explore coping behaviors of the nurses. Study participants (N = 40) included RNs and licensed practical nurses who completed the Nursing Stress Scale, three open-ended questions, and a demographic questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest sources of stress were workload and patient death and dying. Demographic variables of age and work experience in nursing showed a significant positive relationship to work-related stress scores. The three most frequently used coping behaviors were verbalizing, exercising or relaxing, and taking time for self. Continuing education programs on stress management are highly recommended. Outpatient oncology nurses should be nurtured and supported through tailored interventions at multiple levels to help them find effective coping strategies and develop self-care competencies. Although younger and less experienced nurses had lower mean stress scores than older and more experienced nurses, the continuing education programs and tailored interventions would be helpful for all oncology nursing staff.
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University.
authors.forename: Woonhwa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiser-Larson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing*; D016272:Occupational Health; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: coping behaviors; oncology nurse; stress level; stressful factor