title: Shared neural basis of social and non-social reward deficits in chronic cocaine users.
abstract: Changed reward functions have been proposed as a core feature of stimulant addiction, typically observed as reduced neural responses to non-drug-related rewards. However, it was unclear yet how specific this deficit is for different types of non-drug rewards arising from social and non-social reinforcements. We used functional neuroimaging in cocaine users to investigate explicit social reward as modeled by agreement of music preferences with music experts. In addition, we investigated non-social reward as modeled by winning desired music pieces. The study included 17 chronic cocaine users and 17 matched stimulant-naive healthy controls. Cocaine users, compared with controls, showed blunted neural responses to both social and non-social reward. Activation differences were located in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex overlapping for both reward types and, thus, suggesting a non-specific deficit in the processing of non-drug rewards. Interestingly, in the posterior lateral orbitofrontal cortex, social reward responses of cocaine users decreased with the degree to which they were influenced by social feedback from the experts, a response pattern that was opposite to that observed in healthy controls. The present results suggest that cocaine users likely suffer from a generalized impairment in value representation as well as from an aberrant processing of social feedback.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Psychiatric Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katrin H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Preller
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH UK.
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Campbell-Meiklejohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Psychiatric Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirschner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Psychiatric Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kraehenmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Psychiatric Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stämpfli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Psychiatric Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herdener
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Psychiatric Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seifritz
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Psychiatric Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland quednow@bli.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Boris B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Quednow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012201:Reward; D012938:Social Perception
keywords: OFC; dopamine; drug dependence; fMRI; social cognition; social conformity