title: Primary brain calcification in patients undergoing treatment with the biphosphanate alendronate.
abstract: Brain calcification might be associated with various metabolic, infectious or vascular conditions. Clinically, brain calcification can include symptoms such as migraine, parkinsonism, psychosis or dementia. The term Primary Brain Calcification was recently used for those patients without an obvious cause (formerly idiopathic) while Primary Familial Brain Calcifications was left for the cases with autosomal dominant inheritance. Recent studies found mutations in four genes (SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB and XPR1). However, these gene represent only 60% of all familial cases suggesting other genes remain to be elucidated. Studies evaluating treatments for such a devastating disease are scattered, usually appearing as single case reports. In the present study, we describe a case series of 7 patients treated with Alendronate, a widely prescribed biphosphanate. We observed good tolerance and evidence of improvements and stability by some patients. No side effects were reported and no specific symptoms related to medication. Younger patients and one individual continuing a prescription (prior to study commencement) appeared to respond more positively with some referred improvements in symptoms. Biphosphanates may represent an excellent prospect for the treatment of brain calcifications due to their being well tolerated and easily available. Conversely, prospective and controlled studies should promptly address weaknesses found in the present analysis.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Department - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco-Brazil.
authors.forename: J R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department. Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019386:Alendronate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000235:genetics; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000089842:Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; C000715267:XPR1 protein, human; D000089842:Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor; D019386:Alendronate