title: Molecular Variability and Distribution of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Shanxi, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is responsible for large-scale economic losses in the global production of sugarcane, maize, sorghum, and some other graminaceous species. To understand the evolutionary mechanism of SCMV populations, this virus was studied in Shanxi, China. A total of 86 maize leaf samples (41 samples in 2012 and 45 samples in 2013) were collected from 4 regions of Shanxi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and RT-PCR showed 59 samples (30 samples in 2012 and 29 samples in 2013) to be positive for SCMV, from which 10 new isolates of SCMV were isolated and sequenced. The complete genomes of these isolates are 9610 nt long, including the 5' and 3' non-coding regions, and encode a 3063-amino acid polyprotein. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 24 SCMV isolates could be divided on the basis of the whole genome into 2 divergent evolutionary groups, which were associated with the host species. Among the populations, 15 potential recombination events were identified. The selection pressure on the genes of these SCMV isolates was also calculated. The results confirmed that all the genes were under negative selection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative selection and recombination appear to be important evolutionary factors shaping the genetic structure of these SCMV isolates. SCMV is distributed widely in China and exists as numerous strains with distinct genetic diversity. Our findings will provide a foundation for evaluating the epidemiological characteristics of SCMV in China and will be useful in designing long-term, sustainable management strategies for SCMV.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.|Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfen, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiansheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Penghui
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Tianci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfen, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Derong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009029:Mosaic Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000821:virology; D020815:Polyproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D031786:Saccharum / Q000821:virology*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D003313:Zea mays / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D020815:Polyproteins