title: Depression-Specific Outcomes After Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression is frequently undiagnosed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and affects quality of life, productivity, and health care use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine depression-specific outcomes after medical or surgical treatment of CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-institutional, prospective study of patients with refractory CRS treated at tertiary academic rhinology centers was performed from March 1, 2011, to November 1, 2015. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2015, to November 1, 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients self-selected to undergo continued medical management or endoscopic sinus surgery for refractory CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients completed the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT22), Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and missed productivity and medication use questionnaires before and at least 6 months after treatment. Computed tomography and endoscopy scoring were performed with reviewers masked to patient-reported data. Depression-specific outcomes were recorded using the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline data were available on 685 patients, with 167 (24.4%) having depression according to the PHQ2 scores. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 50.5 (15.0) years, and 332 (48.4%) were male. Revision surgery status was the only baseline factor associated with depression (53.9% vs 38.0%, P < .001). Patients with depression had worse baseline SNOT22 (mean, 64.5 vs 47.6), PSQI (mean, 12.8 vs 8.4), productivity (mean, 22.8 vs 5.2 days missed), and medication use scores for oral antibiotics (mean, 23.8 vs 14.8) and oral corticosteroids (mean, 17.8 vs 9.9) (P < .001 for all). Medical and surgical treatments had similar outcomes for patients with depression with mean improvement in the PHQ2 scores from 3.96 to 1.91 (P < .001), and 110 of 167 patients (65.9%) categorized as having depression at baseline were categorized as not having depression after treatment. Improvements in the PHQ2 scores were associated with improvements in the SNOT22, PSQI, oral antibiotic use, and productivity scores (P ≤ .001 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is a common comorbidity in patients with CRS and affects numerous quality-of-life and health care outcomes. There are few objective baseline factors to aid physicians in identifying depression in patients with CRS. Medical and surgical treatments for CRS improve depression and related clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: J Madison
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
authors.forename: Jess C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Bernadette M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Uhde
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rudmik
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Zachary M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Soler
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D019468:Disease Management; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents