title: Application of PK/PD Modeling in Veterinary Field: Dose Optimization and Drug Resistance Prediction.
abstract: Among veterinary drugs, antibiotics are frequently used. The true mean of antibiotic treatment is to administer dose of drug that will have enough high possibility of attaining the preferred curative effect, with adequately low chance of concentration associated toxicity. Rising of antibacterial resistance and lack of novel antibiotic is a global crisis; therefore there is an urgent need to overcome this problem. Inappropriate antibiotic selection, group treatment, and suboptimal dosing are mostly responsible for the mentioned problem. One approach to minimizing the antibacterial resistance is to optimize the dosage regimen. PK/PD model is important realm to be used for that purpose from several years. PK/PD model describes the relationship between drug potency, microorganism exposed to drug, and the effect observed. Proper use of the most modern PK/PD modeling approaches in veterinary medicine can optimize the dosage for patient, which in turn reduce toxicity and reduce the emergence of resistance. The aim of this review is to look at the existing state and application of PK/PD in veterinary medicine based on in vitro, in vivo, healthy, and disease model.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25130, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Safety, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019155:Veterinary Drugs