title: Beta-palmitate - a natural component of human milk in supplemental milk formulas.
abstract: The composition and function of human milk is unique and gives a basis for the development of modern artificial milk formulas that can provide an appropriate substitute for non-breastfed infants. Although human milk is not fully substitutable, modern milk formulas are attempting to mimic human milk and partially substitute its complex biological positive effects on infants. Besides the immunomodulatory factors from human milk, research has been focused on the composition and structure of human milk fat with a high content of β-palmitic acid (sn-2 palmitic acid, β-palmitate). According to the available studies, increasing the content of β-palmitate added to milk formulas promotes several beneficial physiological functions. β-palmitate positively influences fatty acid metabolism, increases calcium absorption, improves bone matrix quality and the stool consistency, and has a positive effect on the development of the intestinal microbiome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovakia.|BioMed Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Mala Hora 4/A, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Havlicekova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovakia. jesenak@gmail.com.|BioMed Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Mala Hora 4/A, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia. jesenak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jesenak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Kollarova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovakia.|BioMed Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Mala Hora 4/A, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banovcin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of P.J. Safarik, Faculty of Medicine, Children University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, Kosice, 040 11, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuchta
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005527:Food, Fortified; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D019308:Palmitic Acid
keywords: Fatty acids; Human milk; Infant nutrition; Milk formulas; β-palmitic acid