title: OP-1 Compared with Iliac Crest Autograft in Instrumented Posterolateral Fusion: A Randomized, Multicenter Non-Inferiority Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal fusion with the use of autograft is a commonly performed procedure. However, harvesting of bone from the iliac crest is associated with complications. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are extensively used as alternatives, often without sufficient evidence of safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate non-inferiority of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, also known as BMP-7) in comparison with iliac crest bone graft in posterolateral fusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized, controlled multicenter trial. Patients who underwent a single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine for degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis with symptoms of neurological compression were randomized to receive OP-1 combined with local bone (OP-1 group) or autologous bone graft from the iliac crest combined with local bone (autograft group). The primary outcome was overall success, defined as a combination of clinical success and evidence of fusion on computed tomography (CT) scans, at one year postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and nineteen patients were included in the study, and analysis of the overall outcome was performed for 113. Non-inferiority of OP-1 compared with iliac crest autograft was not found at one year, with a success rate of 40% in the OP-1 group versus 54% in the autograft group (risk difference = -13.3%, 90% confidence interval [CI] = -28.6% to +2.10%). This was due to the lower rate of fusion (the primary aim of OP-1 application) seen on the CT scans in the OP-1 group (54% versus 74% in the autograft group, p = 0.03). There were no adverse events that could be directly related to the use of OP-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OP-1 with a collagen carrier was not as effective as autologous iliac crest bone for achieving fusion and cannot be recommended in instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diyar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilco
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Rijnstate, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Job L C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: van Susante
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rillardon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prestamburgo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Specchia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital La Tronche, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Verschoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guerado
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Haaglanden Medical Center, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quarles van Ufford
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Moyo C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kruyt
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter J A
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Dhert
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands f.c.oner@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: F Cumhur
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Oner
mesh_terms: D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7