title: Influence of stains on lesion contrast in the pits and fissures of tooth occlusal surfaces from 800-1600-nm.
abstract: For over one hundred years, x-rays have served as a cornerstone of dentistry. Dental radiographic imaging technologies have constantly improved, however, detecting occlusal lesions remains as one of the greatest challenges due to the low sensitivity of radiographs and the overlap of enamel. Once detected, occlusal lesions have penetrated far into the dentin, necessitating invasive restorative treatment. The adoption of near-infrared (NIR) systems in dentistry introduces the potential for early detection of occlusal lesions. Commercially available NIR systems for intra-oral applications currently operate near 800-nm; however, extrinsic stains may interfere with the detection of demineralization of the underlying enamel surface. Higher wavelengths such as 1300-nm render stains nearly transparent and enhances the contrast of sound enamel to demineralized enamel. This novel finding promotes minimally invasive dentistry and allows oral health professionals the ability to detect, image, track, and monitor early lesions without repeated exposure to ionizing radiation nor invasive treatment.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758.
authors.forename: Elias C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Almaz
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758.
authors.forename: Jacob C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758.
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Darling
keywords: dental; imaging; near-infrared; occlusal lesions; reflectance; stains; transillumination