title: Complexity analysis of brain activity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A multiscale entropy analysis.
abstract: The multiscale entropy (MSE) is a novel method for quantifying the intrinsic dynamical complexity of physiological systems over several scales. To evaluate this method as a promising way to explore the neural mechanisms in ADHD, we calculated the MSE in EEG activity during the designed task. EEG data were collected from 13 outpatient boys with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD and 13 age- and gender-matched normal control children during their doing multi-source interference task (MSIT). We estimated the MSE by calculating the sample entropy values of delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands over twenty time scales using coarse-grained procedure. The results showed increased complexity of EEG data in delta and theta frequency bands and decreased complexity in alpha frequency bands in ADHD children. The findings of this study revealed aberrant neural connectivity of kids with ADHD during interference task. The results showed that MSE method may be a new index to identify and understand the neural mechanism of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chenxi
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China.
authors.forename: Yanni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China. Electronic address: juewang_xjtu@126.com.
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China. Electronic address: skyliu_tian@126.com.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013597:Systems Analysis
keywords: ADHD; Complexity; Connectivity; EEG; Multiscale entropy