title: Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli within the Food Distribution System of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
abstract: To investigate the dissemination of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli within the food distribution system of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, the prevalence of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli strains in chicken meat, pork, beef, and fish/shrimp samples obtained from slaughterhouses, a wholesale market, and supermarkets was examined. Among the total of 330 collected food samples, ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli was detected in 150 samples (45.5%). The highest prevalence of these isolates was in chicken meat (76/82, 92.7%), followed by pork (32/92, 34.8%), beef (18/74, 34.3%), and fish/shrimp (24/82, 29.3%). A total of 342 strains of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli were isolated from 150 positive food samples. The most prevalent genes responsible for ESBL or pAmpC activity belonged to the CTX-M-9 (110/342, 31.2%), CTX-M-1 (102/342, 29.8%), and CIT (118/342, 34.5%) groups. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the high occurrence of pAmpC (37.1%) in animal-based food in Vietnam. Among the 342 total ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates, 276 (80.7%) were resistant to at least 6 antibiotic agents. Notably, high percentages of resistance to ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin were found in isolates from chicken (80.5% and 50.8%, resp.). These findings demonstrate that animal-based food products in HCMC represent a major reservoir of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, 159 Hung Phu Street, Ward 8, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Do Phuc
authors.initials: do P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, 159 Hung Phu Street, Ward 8, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thi Anh Dao
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, 159 Hung Phu Street, Ward 8, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thi Hien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, 159 Hung Phu Street, Ward 8, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen Minh Doan
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, 159 Hung Phu Street, Ward 8, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thanh Phong
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, 159 Hung Phu Street, Ward 8, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Van Chinh
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanki
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jinnai
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonogi
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D005399:Fishes / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D014744:Vietnam; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C117199:beta-lactamase TEM-61; C048795:AmpC beta-lactamases; D001618:beta-Lactamases