title: Increased xanthine oxidase-related ROS production and TRPV1 synthesis preceding DOMS post-eccentric exercise in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well-known that unaccustomed exercise, especially eccentric exercise, is associated to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Whether DOMS is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is still an open question. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between TRPV1 and xanthine oxidase-related ROS production in muscle and DOMS after a bout of eccentric exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats performed a downhill running exercise on a treadmill at a -16° tilt and a constant speed for 90min (5min/bout separated by 2min of rest). Mechanical allodynia and grip force tests were performed before and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h after the downhill running. Biochemical assays probing oxidative stress, purine degradation, xanthine oxidase activity, Ca(2+) ATPase activity and TRPV1 protein content were performed in gastrocnemius muscle at 12, 24, and 48h after the downhill running.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our statistical analysis showed an increase in mechanical allodynia and a loss of strength after the downhill running. Similarly, an increase in carbonyl, xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid levels and TRPV1 immunoreactivity were found 12h post-exercise. On the other hand, Ca(2+) ATPase activity decreased in all analyzed times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that a possible relationship between xanthine oxidase-related ROS and TRPV1 may exist during the events preceding eccentric exercise-related DOMS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Retamoso
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro E P
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Busanello
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Actividad Física y Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bresciani
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduacão em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pietro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduacão em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduacão em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Flávia
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Furian
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduacão em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fighera
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: nandoroyes@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Royes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D018737:Hand Strength; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D063806:Myalgia / Q000378:metabolism*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; D014527:Uric Acid; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases
keywords: DOMS; Eccentric exercise; Oxidative stress; TRPV1; Xanthine oxidase