title: CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ELBOWS FROM SPINAL CORD INJURIED PATIENTS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : To evaluate clinically and radiologically the elbows of spinal cord injured patients and compare them to the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Twenty patients (10 paraplegics and 10 tetraplegics) were clinically evaluated through assessment of pain scale, measurement of active and passive range of motion, degree of muscle strength and MEPS score. They were also submitted to bilateral plain radiography of the elbows. Both groups were compared to the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Four paraplegic and three tetraplegic patients referred mild to moderate, sporadic and motion related pain. The control group was asymptomatic. No statistic significant difference was found in passive range of motion among the three groups. The tetraplegic group showed a lower active range of motion as well as lower MEPS score as compared to the control group. Equal number of patients in the spinal cord injured patients had radiological abnormalities, but those were more severe in the tetraplegic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Spinal cord injured patients presented clinical and radiological elbow abnormalities, which were more evident on tetraplegics. Level of Evidence III, Case Control.
authors.affiliation: . Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana de Godoy
authors.initials: Fde G
authors.lastname: Casimiro
authors.affiliation: . Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Faria
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: . Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique de Magalhães
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tenório
authors.affiliation: . Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella da Costa
authors.initials: Ida C
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.affiliation: . Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Américo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zoppi
authors.affiliation: . Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cliquet
keywords: Elbow; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Spinal cord injuries