title: Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma - Penang experience.
abstract: Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is rare and poses difficulties in diagnosing, staging and management. We describe a case series with six patients who were diagnosed TBSCC, from January 2009 to June 2014, with median age of 62 years old. All patients presented with blood-stain discharge and external auditory canal mass, showing that these findings should highly alert the diagnosis of TBSCC. Three patients staged T3 and another three with T4 disease. High-resolution CT (HRCT) temporal findings were noted to be different from intraoperative findings and therefore we conclude that MRI should be done to look for middle ear involvement or other soft tissue invasion for more accurate staging. Lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) and parotidectomy was done for four patients with or without neck dissection. Patients with positive margin, perineural invasion or parotid and glenoid involvement carry poorer prognosis and postoperative radiotherapy may improve the survival rate. One patient had successful tumor resection via piecemeal removal approach in contrast with the recommended en bloc resection shows that with negative margin achieved, piecemeal removal approach can be a good option for patients with T2-3 disease. In general, T4 tumor has dismal outcome regardless of surgery or radiotherapy given.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jalan Residensi, 10450 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. cammy_ng_83@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jalan Residensi, 10450 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pua
authors.affiliation: Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jalan Residensi, 10450 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zahirrudin