title: Impact of obesity and binge eating disorder on patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
abstract: Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is associated with obesity, and obesity is associated with binge eating disorder (BED). The aim of this paper is to address the presence and impact of BED in patients undergoing an IIH diagnostic protocol. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients suspected of IIH underwent neurological, neuro-ophthalmologic and psychological examinations, neuroimaging studies and intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements through lumbar puncture in the recumbent position. IIH diagnosis was based on International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition criteria; BED diagnosis was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition criteria. The presence of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the cerebrospinal fluid was also assessed. Results Forty-five patients were enrolled: 33 were diagnosed with IIH and five of them (15%) were obese with BED. Compared to non-obese patients, those who were obese, and particularly those who were obese with BED, were more likely to have an IIH diagnosis (χ2= 14.3; p = 0.001), ICP > 200 mmH2O (χ2= 12.7; p = 0.002) and history of abuse or neglect (χ2= 11.2; p = 0.004). No association with OCBs was found. Conclusions We reported for the first time the presence of BED among patients with IIH and showed that BED is associated to IIH, ICP and history of abuse or neglect.
authors.affiliation: 1 Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raggi
authors.affiliation: 2 Headache and Neuroalgology Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curone
authors.affiliation: 3 Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit - Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bianchi Marzoli
authors.affiliation: 4 Neuroradiology Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiapparini
authors.affiliation: 3 Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit - Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciasca
authors.affiliation: 4 Neuroradiology Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa Fm
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Ciceri
authors.affiliation: 4 Neuroradiology Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erbetta
authors.affiliation: 4 Neuroradiology Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faragò
authors.affiliation: 1 Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: 2 Headache and Neuroalgology Unit - Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Amico
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011559:Pseudotumor Cerebri / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension; binge eating disorder; obesity