title: Has the participation of older employees in the workforce increased? Study of the total Swedish population regarding exit from working life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated: (i) the workforce participation in Sweden among older employees before and after changes in eligibility for sickness absence and unemployment compensation by a social insurance reform; and (ii) absence and early exit mechanisms from the workforce for different professions by looking at sickness benefits, disability pension and unemployment, early statutory pension, employment pension and unregistered economic supply.
  
  
  METHODS
  A register-based follow-up study of the total Swedish workforce population of 55-64-year-olds, measured in 2004 and 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total proportion of individuals aged 55-64 in the workforce increased between 2004 and 2011, but the increase was mostly in professions with lower educational requirements, a lower salary and dominated by women. Both in 2004 and in 2011, men in professions with higher educational requirements more often exit working life with an early statutory pension and employment pension. In contrast, professions with lower educational requirements more often absence working life with sickness benefits, disability pension and unemployment compensation than other professions in both 2004 and 2011. CONCLUSIONS THE CHANGE IN REGULATIONS SEEMS TO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO AN OVERALL SHRINKING PROPORTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITHIN THE SICKNESS BENEFIT AND DISABILITY PENSION SCHEMES AT THE SAME TIME THE PROPORTION OF INDIVIDUALS TAKING AN EARLY PENSION HAS INCREASED THE RESULTS INDICATED A TENDENCY OF PASSING ON THE COSTS OF LABOUR-MARKET EXIT WITHIN DIFFERENT ECONOMIC COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS, AS WELL AS TO THE INDIVIDUALS THEMSELVES; FOR EXAMPLE, LESS SICKNESS BENEFIT, DISABILITY PENSION, BUT MORE STATUTORY PENSION AND EMPLOYMENT PENSION EARLIER.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden kerstin.nilsson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Olof
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Östergren
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Work Science, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kadefors
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albin
mesh_terms: D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Workforce participation; disability pension; older worker; register study; retirement; sickness benefit