title: Selenium status and risk of prostate cancer in a Danish population.
abstract: Low-Se status may be associated with a higher risk of notably advanced prostate cancer. In a Danish population with a relatively low Se intake, we investigated the association between pre-diagnostic Se status and (1) the risk of total, advanced and high-grade prostate cancer and (2) all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality among men with prostate cancer. Within the Danish 'Diet, Cancer and Health' cohort, including 27 179 men, we identified 784 cases with incident prostate cancer through 2007. Each case was risk set-matched to one control. Two-thirds (n 525) of the cases had advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, and among these 170 had high-grade disease; 305 cases died (n 212 from prostate cancer) during follow-up through 2012. Plasma Se was not associated with total or advanced prostate cancer risk, but higher Se levels were associated with a lower risk of high-grade disease (HR 0·77; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·94; P=0·009). In survival analyses, a higher level of plasma Se was associated with a lower risk of all-cause (HR 0·92; 95 % CI 0·85, 1·00; P=0·04), but not prostate cancer-specific mortality. Higher levels of selenoprotein P were associated with a lower risk of high-grade disease (HR 0·85; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·97; P=0·01), but not with the risk of or mortality from advanced prostate cancer. In conclusion, levels of plasma Se and selenoprotein P were not associated with the risk of total and advanced prostate cancer, but higher levels of these two biomarkers were associated with a lower risk of high-grade disease.
authors.affiliation: 1Diet, Genes, and Environment,Danish Cancer Society Research Center,Strandboulevarden 49,2100 Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Malene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Outzen
authors.affiliation: 1Diet, Genes, and Environment,Danish Cancer Society Research Center,Strandboulevarden 49,2100 Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Food Chemistry,National Food Institute,Technical University of Denmark,Mørkhøj Bygade 19,2860 Søborg,Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: 3Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry,Danish Cancer Society Research Center,Strandboulevarden 49,2100 Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.affiliation: 4Survivorship,Danish Cancer Society Research Center,Strandboulevarden 49,2100 Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Signe B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: 3Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry,Danish Cancer Society Research Center,Strandboulevarden 49,2100 Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: 5Department of Public Health,Section for Epidemiology,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2,8000 Aarhus C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.affiliation: 1Diet, Genes, and Environment,Danish Cancer Society Research Center,Strandboulevarden 49,2100 Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D051149:Selenoprotein P / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051149:Selenoprotein P; D014131:Trace Elements; D012643:Selenium
keywords: HR hazard ratio; PSA prostate-specific antigen; Prevention; Prostate cancer; Selenium; Selenoprotein P; Survival