title: Bis-GMA affects craniofacial development in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio).
abstract: Estrogen is a steroid hormone that is vital in vertebrate development and plays a role in a variety of developmental processes including cartilage and craniofacial formation. The effects of estrogen can be mimicked by other compounds found in the environment known as xenoestrogens. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a known xenoestrogen and is combined with glycidyl methacrylate to make Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), a major component in dental resin based composites (RBCs). Bis-GMA based RBCs can release their components into the saliva and bloodstream. Exposure to 1μM and 10μM Bis-GMA in Danio rerio embryos results in increased mortality of approximately 30% and 45% respectively. Changes to gross morphology, specifically craniofacial abnormalities, were seen at concentrations as low as 10nM. While the molecular pathways of Bis-GMA effects have not been studied extensively, more is known about one of the components, BPA. Further research of Bis-GMA could lead to a better understanding of xenoestrogenic activity resulting in improved public and environmental health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem VA 24153, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Jompobe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vuthiganon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem VA 24153, USA. Electronic address: lassiter@roanoke.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lassiter
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000633:toxicity*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D011140:Polyurethanes; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: BPA; Bis-GMA; Cartilage; Craniofacial; Estrogen; Zebrafish