title: The Effectiveness of Exercise on Recovery and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Soft Tissue Injuries of the Hip, Thigh, or Knee: A Systematic Review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of exercise for the management of soft tissue injuries of the hip, thigh, and knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text from January 1, 1990, to April 8, 2015, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies evaluating the effect of exercise on pain intensity, self-rated recovery, functional recovery, health-related quality of life, psychological outcomes, and adverse events. Random pairs of independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts and assessed risk of bias using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Best evidence synthesis methodology was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We screened 9494 citations. Eight RCTs were critically appraised, and 3 had low risk of bias and were included in our synthesis. One RCT found statistically significant improvements in pain and function favoring clinic-based progressive combined exercises over a "wait and see" approach for patellofemoral pain syndrome. A second RCT suggests that supervised closed kinetic chain exercises may lead to greater symptom improvement than open chain exercises for patellofemoral pain syndrome. One RCT suggests that clinic-based group exercises may be more effective than multimodal physiotherapy in male athletes with persistent groin pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found limited high-quality evidence to support the use of exercise for the management of soft tissue injuries of the lower extremity. The evidence suggests that clinic-based exercise programs may benefit patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and persistent groin pain. Further high-quality research is needed.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Courtney K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Research Coordinator, Rebecca MacDonald Centre for Arthritis and Autoimmune Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Southerst
authors.affiliation: Canada Research Chair in Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada; Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada; Director, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.affiliation: Adjunct Professor, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada; Clinical Research Manager, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada; Senior Clinical Research Scientist, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.affiliation: Research Associate, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada; Adjunct Professor, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada; Instructor, Division of Undergraduate Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Randhawa
authors.affiliation: Research Associate, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada; Associate Clinical Research Scientist, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada; Instructor, Division of Graduate Education and Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Research Associate, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada; Adjunct Professor, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Hainan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Research Associate, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada; Adjunct Professor, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sharanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varatharajan
authors.affiliation: Research Associate, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada; Adjunct Professor, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Director, Graduate Education Program, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada; Assistant Clinical Professor, Graduate Education and Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dion
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldgrub
authors.affiliation: Adjunct Professor, Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada; Postdoctoral Fellow, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stupar
authors.affiliation: Professor, Injury Prevention Centre and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Research Associate, UOIT-CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor-Vaisey
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000293:injuries*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
keywords: Exercise; Hip; Hip Injuries; Knee; Knee Injuries; Thigh; Thigh Pain