title: Evidence-Based Operative Details in Esophageal Cancer Treatment: Surgical Approach, Lymphadenectomy, Anastomosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This review depicts surgical treatment strategies in the management of esophageal cancer under the focus of evidence-based medicine. The main emphasis lies on technical details, i.e. surgical approach, lymphadenectomy, and current techniques of anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current literature on operative details in esophageal cancer treatment was reviewed. Surgical approaches and different techniques of anastomotic reconstruction utilizing a gastric tube were compared. The grade of evidence regarding the necessity and extent of lymphadenectomy was discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no level-1 evidence-based difference regarding the surgical approach for esophagectomy. The preferred anastomosis site is intrathoracic compared to the neck. Extended lymphadenectomy is still imperative in esophagectomy although neoadjuvant protocols might also result in a downstaging effect of lymph nodes. Neoadjuvant regimens have no negative influence on complication rate and anastomotic integrity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A tailored interdisciplinary approach to the patients' physiology and esophageal cancer stage is the most important factor that influences operative outcome and oncological results after esophagectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General-, Visceral-, Thoracic and Cancer Surgery, CaritasKlinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: Department of General-, Visceral-, Thoracic and Cancer Surgery, CaritasKlinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.affiliation: Department of General-, Visceral-, and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mönig
keywords: Anastomosis; Esophageal cancer; Lymphadenectomy; Neoadjuvant treatment; Operative details; Surgical approach