title: Emotionally numb: Desensitization to community violence exposure among urban youth.
abstract: Community violence exposure (CVE) is associated with numerous psychosocial outcomes among youth. Although linear, cumulative effects models have typically been used to describe these relations, emerging evidence suggests the presence of curvilinear associations that may represent a pattern of emotional desensitization among youth exposed to chronic community violence. This study uses longitudinal data to investigate relations between CVE and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms among 3,480 youth ages 3 to 12 at baseline and 9 to 18 at outcome. Results support desensitization models, as evidenced by longitudinal quadratic associations between Wave 2 CVE and Wave 3 anxiety/depressive symptoms, alongside cross-sectional linear associations between Wave 3 CVE and Wave 3 aggression. Neither age nor gender moderated the associations between CVE and well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Traci M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9865-3533
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ceballo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000069581:Exposure to Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014505:Urban Population