title: Practice of tourniquet use in Turkey: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate patterns in the current practice of tourniquet use in Turkey. The results of this study can provide detailed information regarding tourniquet use and evaluate the need for guidelines on tourniquet use in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was sent to orthopedic residents and surgeons by either giving printed questionnaires directly or by establishing preliminary communication with surgeons and then sending questionnaires by e-mail. Participating staff consisted of 3 groups: Group 1: orthopedic surgeons; Group 2: orthopedic residents; and Group 3: orthopedic academic staff. Statistical differences in tourniquet use were analyzed among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of mechanical tourniquet was significantly higher in Group 1. Plain cuffs were used in orthopedic surgical practice more frequently. Assistant and orthopedic theatre personnel were commonly reported by participants as the tourniquet applicant. Periodic educational practice was not routine. The number of reported complications was higher in Group 3. Cuff padding was generally routine practice. Scientifically valid options at lowest inflation pressure were not observed among the results at the expected rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot study indicate that there is wide variation in some aspects of tourniquet practice in Turkey. The differences are not acceptable because of the potential for significant complications with some practices. There is a need to provide and ensure adequate education to provide the best patient care. Furthermore, protocols should be developed for acceptable standards of tourniquet use.
authors.affiliation: Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Zübeyde Hanim Practice and Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İzmir, Turkey. hakanboya@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boya
authors.affiliation: Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Zübeyde Hanim Practice and Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahattin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tuncalı
authors.affiliation: Afyonkocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Afyonkocatepe, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özal
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.affiliation: Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Zübeyde Hanim Practice and Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şükrü
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Araç
authors.affiliation: Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuncay
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008503:Medical Staff; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009985:Orthopedics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014421:Turkey