title: Fracture load and failure types of different veneered polyetheretherketone fixed dental prostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the fracture load of different veneered PEEK 3-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDPs) after different aging regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Congruently anatomically shaped 3-unit FDPs were milled using a master stl-data set and randomly divided into four groups (N = 120, n = 30 per veneering group), which were veneered using different veneering methods: (i) digital veneering with breCAM.HIPC, (ii) conventional veneering with crea.lign, (iii) conventional with crea.lign paste, and (iv) using pre-manufactured veneers visio.lign. The FDPs were then adhesively cemented on a metal abutment and fracture loads were measured in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min) before and after aging (10,000 thermal cycles, 5/55 °C). Two- and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheffé tests were used for data analysis (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This investigation showed an influence of the veneering method on the fracture load results independent of the aging level. The highest fracture load was measured for the FDPs with digital veneering (1882 ± 152 N at baseline, 2021 ± 184 N after thermocycling). The remaining groups showed comparable results, and no impact of thermal aging was observed. Digital and conventional veneers showed cracks in the pontic region starting from the connector area as a main failure type after loading, while the pre-manufactured veneers showed predominantly adhesive failures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The digital veneering method showed the highest fracture load resistance. Thermal aging showed no impact on the fracture load of all tested veneered PEEK 3-unit FDPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to this study results, reliable veneering of PEEK FDPs can be achieved with digital veneering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taufall
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Marlis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichberger
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany. bogna.stawarczyk@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Bogna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stawarczyk
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003801:Dental Veneers; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Digital veneering; Fracture load; PEEK; Veneering resin composite