title: Lock-in-photon-counting-based highly-sensitive and large-dynamic imaging system for continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography.
abstract: We implemented a novel lock-in photon-counting detection architecture that combines the ultra-high sensitivity of the photon-counting detection and the measurement parallelism of the lock-in technique. Based on this technique, a dual-wavelength simultaneous measurement continuous wave diffuse optical tomography system was developed with a configuration of 16 sources and 16 detectors that works in a tandem serial-to-parallel fashion. Methodology validation and performance assessment of the system were conducted using phantom experiments that demonstrate excellent measurement linearity, moderate-term system stability, robustness to noise and negligible inter-wavelength crosstalk. 2-D imaging experiments further validate high sensitivity of the lock-in photon-counting methodology as well as high reliability of the proposed system. The advanced detection principle can be adapted to achieving a fully parallelized instrumentation for the extended applications.
authors.affiliation: Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Weiting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Bingyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Yihan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Yanqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: (120.0120) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology; (170.2655) Functional monitoring and imaging; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.4090) Modulation techniques; (170.6960) Tomography