title: In vitro immunomodulatory activity, cytotoxicity and chemistry of some central European polypores.
abstract: Context Some mushrooms of the order Polyporales are known for their immunomodulatory actions. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro phagocytic and cytotoxic effects of extracts from polyporales native to Central Europe. Materials and methods The effects of ethanol extracts from 27 polypore species on opsonized zymosan-induced phagocytosis of isolated human neutrophils were tested by a chemiluminescence method. Colon epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were used for cytotoxicity assays, and extracts were chemically characterized in terms of total phenolic and β-glucan content. Results We observed phagocytosis or respiratory burst enhancing activity in 17 extracts, of which five species, namely Aurantiporus fissilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) H. Jahn ex Ryvarden, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst, Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., significantly increased phagocytosis in granulocytes by 205, 181, 158, 155 and 141%, respectively. The β-glucan content of the three most potent extracts was 58, 42 and 74 mg/g, respectively, and the polyphenol content was 155.6, 133.5 and 155.2 μmol of gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. Some extracts showed cytotoxic activity, with higher cytotoxicity in Caco-2 than in HT-29 cells. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. extract was cytotoxic to both cell lines, with IC50values of 81 and 31 μg/mL, respectively. Discussion and conclusion The most promising extracts were from N. lepideus and Polyporus squamosus, which are edible species and may be considered safe. Our findings support their use as culinary preparations or food supplements for various immunological gut disorders.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Doskocil
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Havlik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verlotta
authors.affiliation: b Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tauchen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic.|c Department of Internal Medicine , Geriatrics and Practical Medicine, Faculty Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vesela
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Macakova
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lubomir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Opletal
authors.affiliation: b Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kokoska
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rada
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D020072:Polyporales / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010636:Phenols; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Chemiluminescence; colon cancer cell lines; granulocytes; mushrooms; phagocytosis; polyporales