title: Juvenile Fibromyalgia: Different from the Adult Chronic Pain Syndrome?
abstract: While a majority of research has focused on adult fibromyalgia (FM), recent evidence has provided insights into the presence and impact of FM in children and adolescents. Commonly referred as juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM), youths, particularly adolescent girls, present with persistent widespread pain and cardinal symptoms observed in adult FM. A majority of youth with JFM continue to experience symptoms into adulthood, which highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention. Some differences are observed between adult and juvenile-onset FM syndrome with regard to comorbidities (e.g., joint hypermobility is common in JFM). Psychological comorbidities are common but less severe in JFM. Compared to adult FM, approved pharmacological treatments for JFM are lacking, but non-pharmacologic approaches (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise) show promise. A number of conceptual issues still remain including (1) directly comparing similarities and differences in symptoms and (2) identifying shared and unique mechanisms underlying FM in adults and youths.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, MLC 7039, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA. susmita.kashikar-zuck@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashikar-Zuck
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, MLC 7031, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, MLC 4010, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Suite 3200, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
authors.forename: Lesley M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: Adolescents; Chronic widespread pain (CWP); Fibromyalgia (FM); Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM); Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS)