title: Exploring the virome of cattle with non-suppurative encephalitis of unknown etiology by metagenomics.
abstract: Non-suppurative encephalitis is one of the most frequent pathological diagnosis in cattle with neurological disease, but there is a gap in the knowledge on disease-associated pathogens. In order to identify viruses that are associated with non-suppurative encephalitis in cattle, we used a viral metagenomics approach on a sample set of 16 neurologically-diseased cows. We detected six virus candidates: parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV-5), bovine astrovirus CH13/NeuroS1 (BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1), bovine polyomavirus 2 (BPyV-2 SF), ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), bovine herpesvirus 6 (BHV-6) and a novel bovine betaretrovirus termed BoRV-CH15. In a case-control study using PCR, BoAstV-CH13 (p=0.046), BoPV-2 SF (p=0.005) and BoHV-6 (p=4.3E-05) were statistically associated with the disease. These data expand our knowledge on encephalitis-associated pathogens in cattle and point to the value of NGS in resolving complex infection scenarios in a clinical disease setting.
authors.affiliation: Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wüthrich
authors.affiliation: Neurocenter, Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Céline L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Boujon
authors.affiliation: Neurocenter, Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Truchet
authors.affiliation: Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Neurocenter, Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Senija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selimovic-Hamza
authors.affiliation: Neurocenter, Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oevermann
authors.affiliation: Neurocenter, Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ilias G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Bouzalas
authors.affiliation: Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruggmann
authors.affiliation: Neurocenter, Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: torsten.seuberlich@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seuberlich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Astrovirus; Cattle; Encephalitis; Herpesvirus; Metagenomics; Neurological disease; Parainfluenza virus; Polyomavirus; Retrovirus