title: Incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in Malaysia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is the first study that estimates the incidence and mortality rate for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Malaysia by sex and ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 4,501 patients were selected from National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer data. Patient survival status was cross-checked with the National Registration Department. The age-standardised rate (ASR) was calculated as the proportion of CRC cases (incidence) and deaths (mortality) from 2008 to 2013, weighted by the age structure of the population, as determined by the Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Health Organization world standard population distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence rate for CRC was 21.32 cases per 100,000. Those of Chinese ethnicity had the highest CRC incidence (27.35), followed by the Malay (18.95), and Indian (17.55) ethnicities. The ASR incidence rate of CRC was 1.33 times higher among males than females (24.16 and 18.14 per 100,000, respectively). The 2011 (44.7%) CRC deaths were recorded. The overall ASR of mortality was 9.79 cases, with 11.85 among the Chinese, followed by 9.56 among the Malays and 7.08 among the Indians. The ASR of mortality was 1.42 times higher among males (11.46) than females (8.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRC incidence and mortality is higher in males than females. Individuals of Chinese ethnicity have the highest incidence of CRC, followed by the Malay and Indian ethnicities. The same trends were observed for the age-standardised mortality rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.|Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Radzi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abu Hassan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ibtisam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Azri
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohd Suan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Faizah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Khamizar
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Wan Khazim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zabedah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rosaida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mat Said
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wei Leong
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Rahmah Noor Syahireen
authors.initials: SRNS
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shahrul Aiman
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Soelar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nik Raihan
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Nik Mustapha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Colorectal neoplasms; Ethnic groups; Incidence; Malaysia; Mortality; Sex