title: Student Evaluation of Faculty Physicians: Gender Differences in Teaching Evaluations.
abstract: To investigate whether there is a difference in medical student teaching evaluations for male and female clinical physician faculty.
  
  
  
  The authors examined all teaching evaluations completed by clinical students at one North American medical school in the surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and internal medicine clinical rotations from 2008 to 2012. The authors focused on how students rated physician faculty on their "overall quality of teaching" using a 5-point response scale (1 = Poor to 5 = Excellent). Linear mixed-effects models provided estimated mean differences in evaluation outcomes by faculty gender.
  
  
  
  There were 14,107 teaching evaluations of 965 physician faculty. Of these evaluations, 7688 (54%) were for male physician faculty and 6419 (46%) were for female physician faculty. Female physicians received significantly lower mean evaluation scores in all four rotations. The discrepancy was largest in the surgery rotation (males = 4.23, females = 4.01, p = 0.003). Pediatrics showed the next greatest difference (males = 4.44, females = 4.29, p = 0.009), followed by obstetrics and gynecology (males = 4.38, females = 4.26, p = 0.026), and internal medicine (males = 4.35, females = 4.27, p = 0.043).
  
  
  
  Female physicians received lower teaching evaluations in all four core clinical rotations. This comprehensive examination adds to the medical literature by illuminating subtle differences in evaluations based on physician gender, and provides further evidence of disparities for women in academic medicine.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.|2 Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Helen K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.|3 The Office of Medical Student Education, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Purkiss
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Annie C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.|5 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lypson
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.|6 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Santen
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Christner
authors.affiliation: 8 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Cyril M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Grum
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.|2 Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Maya M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hammoud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000592:standards; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education*; D010820:Physicians; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards