title: Reversible and Dynamic Fluorescence Imaging of Cellular Redox Self-Regulation Using Fast-Responsive Near-Infrared Ge-Pyronines.
abstract: Cellular self-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress via glutathione (GSH) antioxidant repair plays a crucial role in maintaining redox balance, which affects various physiological and pathological pathways. In this work, we developed a simple yet effective strategy for reversible, dynamic, and real-time fluorescence imaging of ROS stress and GSH repair, based on novel Ge-pyronine dyes (GePs). Unlike the current O-pyronine (OP) dye, the fluorescence of GePs can be quenched in GSH reduction and then greatly restored by ROS (e.g., ClO(-), ONOO(-), and HO(•)) oxidation because of their unique affinity toward thiols. The "on-off" and "off-on" fluorescence switch can complete in 10 and 20 s, respectively, and exhibit excellent reversibility in vitro and in cells. GePs also show excitation in the long wavelength from the deep-red to near-infrared (NIR) (621-662 nm) region, high fluorescence quantum yield (Φ(fl) = 0.32-0.44) in aqueous media, and excellent cell permeability. Our results demonstrated that GePs can be used for real-time monitoring of the reversible and dynamic interconversion between ROS oxidation and GSH reduction in living cells. GePs might be a useful tool for investigating various redox-related physiological and pathological pathways.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hailiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Rubo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011754:Pyronine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D005978:Glutathione; D011754:Pyronine
keywords: Ge-pyronines; cellular redox self-regulation; fast-responsive; fluorescence imaging; near-infrared; reversible