title: Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology.
abstract: It is a golden age for animal movement studies and so an opportune time to assess priorities for future work. We assembled 40 experts to identify key questions in this field, focussing on marine megafauna, which include a broad range of birds, mammals, reptiles, and fish. Research on these taxa has both underpinned many of the recent technical developments and led to fundamental discoveries in the field. We show that the questions have broad applicability to other taxa, including terrestrial animals, flying insects, and swimming invertebrates, and, as such, this exercise provides a useful roadmap for targeted deployments and data syntheses that should advance the field of movement ecology.
authors.affiliation: Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia. Electronic address: g.hays@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Graeme C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.affiliation: IOMRC and The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Animal Biology and Centre for Marine Futures, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Luciana C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: IOMRC and The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Animal Biology and Centre for Marine Futures, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Ana M M
authors.initials: AMM
authors.lastname: Sequeira
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Meekan
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), 2 Hamra Avenue, West Beach, Adelaide, SA 5024, Australia.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bailleul
authors.affiliation: Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada.
authors.forename: W Don
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
authors.forename: M Julian
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Caley
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Eguíluz
authors.affiliation: School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fossette
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
authors.forename: Ari S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Friedlaender
authors.affiliation: Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Australian Government, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gales
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Adrian C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gleiss
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harcourt
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific St, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940, USA.
authors.forename: Elliott L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hazen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Heithaus
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heupel
authors.affiliation: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 98744, USA.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: Science Department, Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK 99664, USA.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horning
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jonsen
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kooyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark; Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.affiliation: College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Ecosystems Division, Cefas Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR34 7RU, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Righton
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-Université de La Rochelle, CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ropert-Coudert
authors.affiliation: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture, 277-8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0100, USA.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Simpfendorfer
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK; Centre for Biological Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Shark Research Project, Division of Marine Fisheries, 1213 Purchase St, New Bedford, MA 02740, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skomal
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Trathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Migration and ImmunoEcology, Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Konstanz University, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wikelski
authors.affiliation: National Park Service, Glacier Bay Field Station, 3100 National Park Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Womble
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thums
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D004463:Ecology; D008322:Mammals; D008386:Marine Biology; D012104:Reptiles