title: Porcine circovirus type 2 protective epitope densely carried by chimeric papaya ringspot virus-like particles expressed in Escherichia coli as a cost-effective vaccine manufacture alternative.
abstract: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) still represents a major problem to the swine industry worldwide, causing high mortality rates in infected animals. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained attention for vaccine development, serving both as scaffolds for epitope expression and immune response enhancers. The commercial subunit vaccines against PCV2 consist of VLPs formed by the self-assembly of PCV2 capsid protein (CP) expressed in the baculovirus vector system. In this work, a PCV2 protective epitope was inserted into three different regions of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) CP, namely, the N- and C-termini and a predicted antigenic region located near the N-terminus. Wild-type and chimeric CPs were modeled in silico, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and visualized by transmission electron microscopy. This is the first report that shows the formation of chimeric VLPs using PRSV as epitope-presentation scaffold. Moreover, it was found that PCV2 epitope localization strongly influences VLP length. Also, the estimated yields of the chimeric VLPs at a small-scale level ranged between 65 and 80 mg/L of culture medium. Finally, the three chimeric VLPs induced high levels of immunoglobulin G against the PCV2 epitope in immunized BALB/c mice, suggesting that these chimeric VLPs can be used for swine immunoprophylaxis against PCV2.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México.
authors.forename: Brenda Eugenia
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chávez-Calvillo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México.
authors.forename: Darwin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elizondo-Quiroga
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de la Diversidad Biomolecular, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Libramiento Norte km 9.6, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México.
authors.forename: Mónica Noemí
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Jimenez-García
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de la Diversidad Biomolecular, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Libramiento Norte km 9.6, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Tripp
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silva-Rosales
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México.
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ortega
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053570:Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013552:Swine; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D000939:Epitopes; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: IgG response; capsid protein; epitope carrier; papaya ringspot virus; porcine circovirus 2 epitope; virus-like particles