title: Combination of simvastatin, calcium silicate/gypsum, and gelatin and bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects.
abstract: The present study was performed to determine whether simvastatin improves bone regeneration when combined with calcium silicate/gypsum and gelatin (CS-GEL). The surface morphology was determined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FSEM). Degradation in vitro was evaluated by monitoring the weight change of the composites soaked in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Drug release was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytotoxicity testing was performed to assess the biocompatibility of composites. Four 5 mm-diameter bone defects were created in rabbit calvaria. Three sites were filled with CS-GEL, 0.5 mg simvastatin-loaded CS-GEL (SIM-0.5) and 1.0 mg simvastatin-loaded CS-GEL (SIM-1.0), respectively, and the fourth was left empty as the control group. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis were carried out at 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The composites all exhibited three-dimensional structures and showed the residue with nearly 80% after 4 weeks of immersion. Drug release was explosive on the first day and then the release rate remained stable. The composites did not induce any cytotoxicity. The results in vivo demonstrated that the new bone formation and the expressions of BMP-2, OC and type I collagen were improved in the simvastatin-loaded CS-GEL group. It was concluded that the simvastatin-loaded CS-GEL may improve bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kaichen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xianyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guoli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D011817:Rabbits; D017640:Silicates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; D005780:Gelatin; D019821:Simvastatin; C031293:calcium silicate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate