title: Individual exposure of graduate students to PM2.5 and black carbon in Shanghai, China.
abstract: The personal exposure of 51 graduate students to PM2.5 and BC in Shanghai was evaluated using portable PM2.5 and BC samplers. Global positioning systems and activity diaries were used to evaluate the microenvironments/activities that contributed to the total daily exposure of the participants, as well as to accurately estimate the PM2.5 and BC doses received by each participant. The mean PM2.5 and BC exposure concentrations were 110.0 and 5.3 μg m(-3), respectively. These exposure levels were considered extremely high and comparable to those measured in a busy urban street canyon for 24 h. High daily inhaled doses in terms of both PM2.5 and BC concentrations were measured, obtaining 1062.2 and 45.9 μg day(-1), respectively. Indoor activities significantly contributed to the students' daily dose. Eating contributed the least to PM2.5 and BC exposure, whereas outdoor activities contributed the most. PM2.5 dose intensity from indoor eating slightly exceeded BC dose intensity; conversely, transportation showed higher exposure for BC than PM2.5.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.|Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China. xiugl@ecust.edu.cn.|Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai, 200237, China. xiugl@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.|Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.|Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.|Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Mengfei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D053260:Soot / Q000032:analysis*; D013334:Students; D014186:Transportation
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053260:Soot
keywords: Black carbon; Daily dose; Dose intensity; Individual exposure; PM2.5; Personal monitoring