title: Has Interprofessional Education Changed Learning Preferences? A National Perspective.
abstract: To assess how changes in curriculum, accreditation standards, and certification and licensure competencies impacted how medical students and physician residents value interprofessional team and patient-centered care.
  
  
  
  The Department of Veterans Affairs Learners' Perceptions Survey (2003-2013). The nationally administered survey asked a representative sample of 56,569 U.S. medical students and physician residents, with a comparison group of 78,038 nonphysician trainees, to rate satisfaction with 28 elements, in two overall domains, describing their clinical learning experiences at VA medical centers.
  
  
  
  Value preferences were scored as independent adjusted associations between an element (interprofessional team, patient-centered preceptor) and the respective overall domain (clinical learning environment, faculty, and preceptors) relative to a referent element (quality of clinical care, quality of preceptor).
  
  
  
  Physician trainees valued interprofessional (14 percent vs. 37 percent, p < .001) and patient-centered learning (21 percent vs. 36 percent, p < .001) less than their nonphysician counterparts. Physician preferences for interprofessional learning showed modest increases over time (2.5 percent/year, p < .001), driven mostly by internal medicine and surgery residents. Preferences did not increase with trainees' academic progress.
  
  
  
  Despite changes in medical education, physician trainees continue to lag behind their nonphysician counterparts in valuing experience with interprofessional team and patient-centered care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.|Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, CA.
authors.forename: T Michael
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kashner
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.|Pennsylvania College of Optometry and College of Health Sciences, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA.
authors.forename: Debbie L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hettler
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zeiss
authors.affiliation: Louis Stokes Cleveland DVA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.|School of Medicine, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Aron
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, Office of Academic Affiliations, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bernett
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.|Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Judy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brannen
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, CA.|Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT.|School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.|University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM.
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.|University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA.
authors.forename: Stuart C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Gloria J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: Center for Education and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.|University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Catherine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kaminetzky
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Academic Affiliations, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Annie B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wicker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UMass-Memorial Medical Center at the University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA.
authors.forename: Sheri A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Keitz
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation / Q000592:standards; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Health workforce training; VA health care system; interprofessional care; patient-centered care; survey research and questionnaire design