title: Mothers' attitudes in Japan regarding cervical cancer screening correlates with intention to recommend cervical cancer screening for daughters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) are steadily increasing in women in Japan. In comparison with women in other resource-rich countries, young women in Japan have a dismally low screening rate for cervical cancer. Our preliminary research has shown that 20-year-old women in Japan usually ask their mothers for advice regarding their initial cervical cancer screening. The objective of our current research is to determine the social factors among mothers in Japan that are causing them to give advice to their daughters regarding the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey's targets were mothers who had 20-year-old daughters. We recruited respondents from the roster of a commercial internet survey panel. We analyzed for correlations between a mother's knowledge concerning cervical cancer, her recent cancer screening history, and the advice she gave to her daughter regarding cervical cancer screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained 618 valid answers to the survey. Compared with mothers who did not get screening, mothers who had cervical cancer screening had significantly more knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening (p < 0.05). The daughters of mothers with recent screening had received HPV vaccination more often than those of mothers without recent screening (p = 0.018). Mothers with recent screening histories tended more often to encourage their daughters to have cervical cancer screening (p < 0.05). When mothers were properly educated concerning cervical cancer and its screening, they were significantly more likely than before to recommend that their daughters have it (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young Japanese women, given the important role their mothers have in their lives, it is probable that we could improve their cervical cancer screening rate significantly by giving their mothers better medical information, and a chance to experience cervical cancer screening for themselves.
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egawa-Takata
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan. ZVF03563@nifty.ne.jp.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. ZVF03563@nifty.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Asami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569- 8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terai
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569- 8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohmichi
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kinki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 377-2 Ono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekatsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kinki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 377-2 Ono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandai
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.
authors.forename: Yorihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikoshi
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: The Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Osaka, 4-4-3 Kawaramachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0048, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009679:Nuclear Family; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Attitude; Cervical cancer screening; Daughter; Fact sheet; HPV vaccine; Japan; Mother; Questionnaire