title: Gut microbiome diversity in acute infective and chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases in North India.
abstract: The disease profile in the Indian population provides a unique opportunity for studying the host microbiome interaction in both infectious (amebiasis) and autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from a similar environment and genetic background. Analysis of fecal samples from untreated amebic liver abscess (ALA) patients, Entamoeba histolytica (Eh)-negative and -positive asymptomatic individuals, and pus samples from naive ALA patients revealed a significant reduction in Lactobacillus in asymptomatic individuals (Eh +ve) and ALA patients. Two anaerobic genera, namely Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus, were detected in naive ALA pus samples. Analysis of fecal samples from amoebic colitis patients showed a significant decline in population of Bacteroides, Clostridium coccoides and leptum subgroup, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Eubacterium, whereas a significant increase in Bifidobacterium was observed. Mucosa-associated bacterial flora analysis from IBD patients and healthy controls revealed a significant difference in concentration of bacteria among predominating and subdominating genera between ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and controls. In contrast to the mucosal studies, we found a significant increase in lactobacilli population in fecal samples of active UC patients. Another study revealed a significant decrease of Clostridium coccoides and leptum clusters in fecal samples of active UC patients along with decreased concentrations of fecal SCFAs, especially of n-butyrate, iso-butyrate, and acetate. We therefore found similar perturbations in gut microbiome in both infectious and autoimmune diseases, indicating inflammation to be the major driver for changes in gut microbiome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kedia
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ritika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rampal
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jaishree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. vineet.aiims@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahuja
mesh_terms: D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004404:Dysentery, Amebic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Amebiasis; Amoebic liver abscess; Crohn’s disease; Gut microbiome; Ulcerative colitis