title: Worker, workplace, and community/environmental risk factors for workplace violence in emergency departments.
abstract: Workplace violence committed by patients and visitors has high propensity to occur against emergency department employees. This article reports the association of worker, workplace, and community/environmental factors with violence risks. A cross-sectional research design was used with 280 employees from six emergency departments in the Midwest United States. Respondents completed the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff and a 10-item demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, Chi-square tests, and adjusted relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Over 80% of respondents experienced at least one type of workplace violence with their current employer and approximately 40% experienced all three types. Risks for workplace violence were significantly higher for registered nurses and hospital-based emergency departments. Workplace violence can impact all employees in the emergency department regardless of worker, workplace, and community/environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: a College of Nursing , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA.
authors.forename: Gordon Lee
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.affiliation: a College of Nursing , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA.|b Surgical Services , University Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA.
authors.forename: Bunnany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pekar
authors.affiliation: c Division of Emergency Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA.
authors.forename: Terri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Byczkowski
authors.affiliation: d School of Criminal Justice , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Health personnel; workplace aggression; workplace violence