title: Esthetic Outcome of Implant Supported Crowns With and Without Peri-Implant Conditioning Using Provisional Fixed Prosthesis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achieving an optimal esthetic result using dental implants is challenging. Fixed implant-supported provisional crowns are often used to customize the emergence profile and to individualize the surrounding peri-implant soft tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the use of a provisional implant-supported crown leads to an esthetic benefit on implants that are placed in the esthetic zone. The null hypothesis is that there is no-difference between the two study groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty single implants (Bone Level, Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) were inserted in consecutive patients. After reopening, a randomization process assigned them to either cohort group 1: a provisional phase with soft tissue conditioning using the "dynamic compression technique" or cohort group 2: without a provisional. Implants were finally restored with an all-ceramic crown. Follow-up examinations were performed at 3 and 12 months including implant success and survival, clinical, and radiographic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 year all implants successfully integrated, mean values of combined modPES and WES were 16.7 for group 1 and 10.5 for Group 2. This was statistically significant. Mean bone loss after 1 year was -0.09 and -0.08 for groups 1 and 2, respectively, without being statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A provisional phase with soft tissue conditioning does improve the final esthetic result.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Dorset, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Furze
authors.affiliation: dental technician, Byrnes Dental Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: private practice, Dorset, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|lecturer, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Julia-Gabriela
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wittneben
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003442:Crowns; D015921:Dental Implants; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014016:Tissue Conditioning, Dental / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: fixed implant prosthesis; implant; implant-supported crown; randomized controlled trial