title: Excavating Neandertal and Denisovan DNA from the genomes of Melanesian individuals.
abstract: Although Neandertal sequences that persist in the genomes of modern humans have been identified in Eurasians, comparable studies in people whose ancestors hybridized with both Neandertals and Denisovans are lacking. We developed an approach to identify DNA inherited from multiple archaic hominin ancestors and applied it to whole-genome sequences from 1523 geographically diverse individuals, including 35 previously unknown Island Melanesian genomes. In aggregate, we recovered 1.34 gigabases and 303 megabases of the Neandertal and Denisovan genome, respectively. We use these maps of archaic sequences to show that Neandertal admixture occurred multiple times in different non-African populations, characterize genomic regions that are significantly depleted of archaic sequences, and identify signatures of adaptive introgression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vernot
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelso
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schraiber
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gittelman
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dannemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Rajiv C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Scheinfeldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Merriwether
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Friedlaender
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. paabo@eva.mpg.de akeyj@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Svante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pääbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. paabo@eva.mpg.de akeyj@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Akey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D008542:Melanesia; D059125:Neanderthals / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D000095188:Pacific Island People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004247:DNA