title: Correlation of different spectral lights with biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L.
abstract: Light is one of the key elicitors that directly fluctuates plant developmental processes and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, the effects of various spectral lights on biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Prunella vulgaris were investigated. Among different spectral lights, green light induced the maximum callogenic response (95%). Enhanced fresh biomass accumulation was observed in log phases on day-35, when callus cultures were exposed to yellow and violet lights. Yellow light induced maximum biomass accumulation (3.67g/100ml) from leaf explants as compared to control (1.27g/100ml). In contrast, violet lights enhanced biomass accumulation (3.49g/100ml) from petiole explant. Maximum total phenolics content (TPC; 23.9mg/g-DW) and total flavonoids content (TFC; 1.65mg/g-DW) were observed when cultures were grown under blue lights. In contrast, green and yellow lights enhanced total phenolics production (TPP; 112.52g/100ml) and total flavonoids production (TFP; 9.64g/100ml) as compared to control. The calli grown under green, red and blue lights enhanced DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (DFRSA; 91.3%, 93.1% and 93%) than control (56.44%) respectively. The DFRSA was correlated either with TPC and TFC or TPP and TFP. Furthermore, yellow lights enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and protease activities, however, the content of total protein (CTP) was higher in control cultures (186μg BSAE/mg FW) as compared to spectral lights. These results suggest that the exposure of callus cultures to various spectral lights have shown a key role in biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fazal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: bhabbasi@qau.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Bilal Haider
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan. Electronic address: ahmadn@uswat.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Nisar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Shujait
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fazal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kanwal
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D008027:Light; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D031347:Prunella / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Antioxidant; Callus; Prunella vulgaris; Secondary metabolites; Spectral lights