title: Understanding the Role of ECM Protein Composition and Geometric Micropatterning for Engineering Human Skeletal Muscle.
abstract: Skeletal muscle lost through trauma or disease has proven difficult to regenerate due to the challenge of differentiating human myoblasts into aligned, contractile tissue. To address this, we investigated microenvironmental cues that drive myoblast differentiation into aligned myotubes for potential applications in skeletal muscle repair, organ-on-chip disease models and actuators for soft robotics. We used a 2D in vitro system to systematically evaluate the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition and geometric patterning for controlling the formation of highly aligned myotubes. Specifically, we analyzed myotubes differentiated from murine C2C12 cells and human skeletal muscle derived cells (SkMDCs) on micropatterned lines of laminin compared to fibronectin, collagen type I, and collagen type IV. Results showed that laminin supported significantly greater myotube formation from both cells types, resulting in greater than twofold increase in myotube area on these surfaces compared to the other ECM proteins. Species specific differences revealed that human SkMDCs uniaxially aligned over a wide range of micropatterned line dimensions, while C2C12s required specific line widths and spacings to do the same. Future work will incorporate these results to engineer aligned human skeletal muscle tissue in 2D for in vitro applications in disease modeling, drug discovery and toxicity screening.
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.|Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. feinberg@andrew.cmu.edu.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. feinberg@andrew.cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Feinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins
keywords: Extracellular matrix; Microcontact printing; Skeletal muscle; Tissue engineering