title: Oral mucosal manifestations in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome and dry mouth syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most important symptoms of Sjögren syndrome is xerostomia. The oral cavity deprived of saliva and its natural lubricative, protective and antibacterial properties is prone to a number of unfavourable consequences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present the most important lesions on the oral mucosa in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome and in dry mouth syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 55 patients including 52 women and 3 men aged 20-72 years (average: 28.25 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basing on the accepted criteria, primary Sjögren syndrome was diagnosed in 22 (40%) patients, secondary Sjögren syndrome in 18 (32.7%) patients, and dry mouth syndrome in 15 (27.27%) patients. The physical examination and the examination of the mouth were performed and history was elicited from every patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common pathologies appearing on the oral mucosa in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome are angular cheilitis, cheilitis, increased lip dryness as well as non-specific ulcerations, aphthae and aphthoid conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Błochowiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olewicz-Gawlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Michalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowak-Gabryel
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kocięcki
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witmanowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sokalski
keywords: Sjögren syndrome; dry mouth syndrome