title: Immunological Aspects of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes in Chinese.
abstract: Background. Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a novel subtype of type 1 diabetes characterized by extremely rapid onset and complete deficiency of insulin due to the destruction of pancreatic β cells. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the etiology of this disease remain unclear. Methods. A total of 22 patients with FT1D and 10 healthy subjects were recruited. Serum antibodies to GAD, IA2, and ZnT8 in patients were tested. And peripheral T cell responses to GAD65, insulin B9-23 peptide, or C peptide were determined in 10 FT1D patients and 10 healthy controls. The mRNA levels of several related cytokines and molecules, such as IFN-γ, IL-4, RORC, and IL-17 in PBMCs from FT1D patients were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Result. We found that a certain proportion of Chinese FT1D patients actually have developed islet-related autoantibodies after onset of the disease. The GAD, insulin, or C peptide-reactive T cells were found in some FT1D patients. We also detected a significant increase for IFN-γ expression in FT1D PBMCs as compared with that of healthy controls. Conclusion. Autoimmune responses might be involved in the pathogenesis of Chinese FT1D.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, 2nd Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Center for Medical Research, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, 2nd Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Yiting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, 2nd Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Zhijie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, 2nd Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, 2nd Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000276:immunology; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D002096:C-Peptide; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C508717:IL17A protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2