title: A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model based on in vitro time-kill data predicts the in vivo PK/PD index of colistin.
abstract: For antibiotics, extensive animal PKPD studies are often performed to evaluate the PK/PD driver for subsequent use when recommending dosing regimens. The aim of this work was to evaluate a PKPD model, developed based on in vitro time-kill data for colistin, in predicting the relationships between PK/PD indices and the bacterial killing previously observed in mice.
  
  
  
  An in silico PKPD model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to colistin was previously developed based on static in vitro time-kill data. The model was here applied to perform an in silico replication of an in vivo study where the effect of colistin on P. aeruginosa was studied in the thigh infection model. Concentration-time profiles of unbound colistin were predicted and used as input to drive the bacterial killing in the PKPD model. The predicted bacterial count at 24 h was related to each of the PK/PD indices and the results were compared with reported observations in vivo.
  
  
  
  The model was found to adequately predict in vivo results from mice; both in terms of which PK/PD index best correlates to effect (fAUC/MIC) as well as the magnitude needed for a 2 log kill. The fAUC/MIC needed to achieve a 2 log reduction in bacterial counts after 24 h was here predicted to be 9 compared with 31 previously reported in vivo.
  
  
  
  This study provides further support that PKPD models based on longitudinal data can be a useful tool to make drug development more efficient within the infectious diseases area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden david.khan@farmbio.uu.se.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elisabet I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003091:Colistin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003091:Colistin