title: In what circumstances will a neonatologist decide a patient is not a resuscitation candidate?
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the opinions of practising neonatologists regarding the ethical permissibility of unilateral Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) decisions in the neonatal intensive care unit.
  
  
  
  An anonymous survey regarding the permissibility of unilateral DNAR orders for three clinical vignettes was sent to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Perinatal Medicine.
  
  
  
  There were 490 out of a possible 3000 respondents (16%). A majority (76%) responded that a unilateral DNAR decision would be permissible in cases for which survival was felt to be impossible. A minority (25%) responded 'yes' when asked if a unilateral DNAR order would be permissible based solely on neurological prognosis.
  
  
  
  A majority of neonatologists believed unilateral DNAR decisions are ethically permissible if survival is felt to be impossible, but not permissible based solely on poor neurological prognosis. This has significant implications for clinical care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Peter Daniel
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esserman
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Program for Biomedical Ethics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Mark Randolph
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mercurio
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000145:classification; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000072156:Neonatologists; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000941:ethics*; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016414:Resuscitation Orders / Q000941:ethics; D014481:United States
keywords: End of Life Care; Foetal Viability; Neonatology; Newborns and Minors; Palliative Care