title: Hesperetin Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells via the Inhibition of NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways.
abstract: Hesperetin (Hesp), a common flavanone glycoside, was extracted from the fruit peel of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae). Hesp has been shown to possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Hesp on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that Hesp treatment dramatically suppressed secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β; reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression; inhibited NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation; and blocked IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Further studies revealed Hesp markedly enhanced the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, which were involved with inducing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and decreasing Keap1 protein expression. Together, these results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of Hesp may be associated with NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Jilong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Taotao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Hongming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. songe1258@163.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. cz3531@163.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D006569:Hesperidin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C013015:hesperetin
keywords: HO-1; NF-κB; Nrf2; hesperetin; inflammation