title: Comparative analysis of routes of immunization of a live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in a heterologous virus challenge study.
abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), which infects primarily the respiratory tract of pigs. Thus intranasal (IN) delivery of a potent vaccine-adjuvant formulation is promising. In this study, PRRS-MLV (VR2332) was coadministered ± an adjuvant Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate or CpG ODN through intramuscular (IM) or IN route as a mist, and challenged with a heterologous PRRSV 1-4-4 IN at 42 days post-vaccination (dpv). At 14 and 26 dpv, vaccine viral RNA copies were one log greater in the plasma of PRRS-MLV IM compared to IN vaccinated pigs, and the infectious replicating vaccine virus was detected only in the IM group. In PRRS-MLV ± adjuvant IM vaccinated pigs, reduced viral RNA load and absence of the replicating challenged virus was observed at 7, 10 and 14 days post-challenge (dpc). At 14 dpc, in BAL fluid ≥ 5 log viral RNA copies were detected in all the pig groups, but the replicating challenged virus was undetectable only in IM groups. Immunologically, virus neutralizing antibody titers in the plasma of IM (but not IN) vaccine groups was ≥ 8 against the vaccine and challenged viruses. At 26 dpv, PRRS-MLV IM (without adjuvant) received pigs had significantly increased population of CD4 and CD8 T cells in PBMC. At 14 dpc, relatively increased population of IFN-γ(+) total lymphocytes, NK, CD4, CD8 and γδ T cells were observed in the MLV-IM group. In conclusion, PRRS-MLV IM vaccination induced the virus specific T cell response in pigs, but still it is required to improve its cross-protective efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.|College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Jagadish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiremath
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Basavaraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Binjawadagi
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Duan-Liang
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Shyu
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhakal
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arcos
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schleappi
authors.affiliation: Kalmbach Swine Management, L.L.C., Upper Sandusky, OH, 43351, USA.
authors.forename: Lynette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roof
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jordi B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Torrelles
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA. gourapura.1@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Gourapura J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Renukaradhya
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D056738:Cross Protection; D064789:Immunity, Heterologous; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary*; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines