title: The Role of (99m)Tc-Annexin V Apoptosis Scintigraphy in Visualizing Early Stage Glucocorticoid-Induced Femoral Head Osteonecrosis in the Rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the ability of (99m)Tc-Annexin V to visualize early stage of glucocorticoid-induced femoral head necrosis by comparing with (99m)Tc-MDP bone scanning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Femoral head necrosis was induced in adult New Zealand white rabbits by intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone. (99m)Tc-Annexin scintigraphy and (99m)Tc-MDP scans were performed before and 5, 6, and 8 weeks after methylprednisolone administration. Rabbits were sacrificed at various time points and conducted for TUNEL and H&E staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All methylprednisolone treated animals developed femoral head necrosis; at 8 weeks postinjection, destruction of bone structure was evident in H&E staining, and apoptosis was confirmed by the TUNEL assay. This was matched by (99m)Tc-Annexin V images, which showed a significant increase in signal over baseline. Serial (99m)Tc-Annexin V scans revealed that increased (99m)Tc-Annexin V uptake could be observed in 5 weeks. In contrast, there was no effect on (99m)Tc-MDP signal until 8 weeks. The TUNEL assay revealed that bone cell apoptosis occurred at 5 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (99m)Tc-Annexin V is superior to (99m)Tc-MDP for the early detection of glucocorticoid-induced femoral head necrosis in the rabbit and may be a better strategy for the early detection of glucocorticoid-induced femoral head necrosis in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C575424:technetium 99m tricarbonyl His-annexin A5