title: Anti-Retroviral Therapy Increases the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in South African HIV-Infected Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors in HIV-infected patients from sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a cohort of HIV-infected South African adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied HIV-infected patients who were either antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive or receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based or protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART. Evaluation included fasting lipograms, oral glucose tolerance tests and clinical anthropometry. Dyslipidemia was defined using the NCEP ATPIII guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the participants was 34 years (range 19-68 years) and 78% were women. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in 406 ART-naive and 551 participants on ART was 90.0% and 85%, respectively. Low HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) was the most common abnormality [290/406 (71%) ART-naïve and 237/551 (43%) ART- participants]. Participants on ART had higher triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDLC) and HDLC than the ART-naïve group. Severe dyslipidaemia, (LDLC> 4.9 mmol/L or TG >5.0 mmol/L) was present in <5% of participants. In multivariate analyses there were complex associations between age, gender, type and duration of ART and body composition and LDLC, HDLC and TG, which differed between ART-naïve and ART-participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants on ART had higher TG, TC, LDLC and HDLC than those who were ART-naïve but severe lipid abnormalities requiring evaluation and treatment were uncommon.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Naomi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ian L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maartens
authors.affiliation: Division of Lipidology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013019:South Africa; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents