title: Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on fatigue and depression in Multiple Sclerosis patients: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: Decreasing the population and activation of inflammatory T helper cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using vitamin A derivatives (retinoic acids) has been well documented. The present study determined the effect of vitamin A supplementation on psychiatric signs in MS patients. The subjects were 101 relapsing-remitting MS patients enrolled in a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. The treatment group was administered 25000 IU/d retinyl palmitate (RP) for 6 months followed by 10000 IU/d RP for another 6 months. The results for baseline characteristics, modified fatigue impact scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II were recorded at the beginning and end of the one-year study. The non-normal distribution data was compared between groups using a nonparametric test and normal distribution data was analyzed using a parametric test. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01417273). The results showed significant improvement in the treatment group for fatigue (p=0.004) and depression (p=0.01). Vitamin A supplementation helped during interferon therapy in the treatment process and improved psychiatric outcomes for anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bitarafan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aliakbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saboor-Yaraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sina MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sahraian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Danesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nafissi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologyو Sina MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansoureh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Togha
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beladi Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roostaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Niyaz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology,Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Harirchian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004224:Diterpenes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate
keywords: Depression; Fatigue; Multiple sclerosis; Vitamin A