title: Pollen used to produce allergen extracts.
abstract: To review the use of pollen for the production of allergen extracts to diagnose and treat allergic diseases, examine the associated regulations, and highlight candidate areas for improvement.
  
  
  
  A PubMed search was performed using focused keywords combined with a review of regulatory documents and industry guidelines.
  
  
  
  The information obtained through literature, documents, and industry was scrutinized and used with personal experience and expertise to write this article.
  
  
  
  Both genetic and environmental factors affect the allergenic composition of pollen because it is a biologically active pharmaceutical ingredient obtained from nature. The potential effect of airborne contaminants in pollen requires major attention but can be properly addressed through careful collection practices, combined with a proper interpretation of the data on purity obtained for each pollen lot. The regulations associated with pollen used to manufacture allergen extracts in the United States and Europe and the numbers of pollen allergen extracts commercially available in both areas of the world differ. A critical parameter to select the appropriate extracts for diagnosis and allergen immunotherapy is to understand the phenomenon of cross-reactivity among pollen families, genera, and species.
  
  
  
  Physicians should be aware of the factors responsible for the qualitative and quantitative composition of pollen allergen extracts and the associated regulations to produce suitable extracts to diagnose and treat allergic diseases. Collaboration and cooperation among allergen manufacturing companies and regulatory agencies are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Allergen Science and Consulting, Lenoir, North Carolina; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department or Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida. Electronic address: rosacodina@allergenscienceandconsulting.com.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Codina
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department or Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lockey
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011058:Pollen / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D010936:Plant Extracts