title: Surgical management of neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: During the last decades an increase in the incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) was observed. Gastroenteropancreatic NETs represent the majority of NETs. Compared with their epithelial counterpart they usually have a more indolent behaviour and surgical resection improves survival. Tumor diameter is one of the main parameter in the decision making process for nonfunctioning forms. Generally, small lesions can be treated conservatively whereas larger tumors should be treated with standard surgical resection and lymphadenectomy. Functioning tumors should be resected regardless the dimension of the lesion. Locally advanced and metastatic disease should be also treated with extended resections, keeping in consideration the grading, size, Ki67, and presence of extra-abdominal disease. In the case of metastases the panel of operative treatment includes resection, ablation, up to liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London Pond Street NW3 2QG, London, UK. Electronic address: m_tamburrino@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tamburrino
authors.affiliation: HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London Pond Street NW3 2QG, London, UK. Electronic address: gabriele.spoletini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spoletini
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Surgery Unit, "Vita e Salute" University, San Raffaele Hospital, Olgettina n. 60 e n. 48, 20132 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: partelli.stefano@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Partelli
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Surgery Unit, "Vita e Salute" University, San Raffaele Hospital, Olgettina n. 60 e n. 48, 20132 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: muffatti.francesca@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muffatti
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Surgery Unit, "Vita e Salute" University, San Raffaele Hospital, Olgettina n. 60 e n. 48, 20132 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: adamenko.olga@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adamenko
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Surgery Unit, "Vita e Salute" University, San Raffaele Hospital, Olgettina n. 60 e n. 48, 20132 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: crippa1.stefano@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Surgery Unit, "Vita e Salute" University, San Raffaele Hospital, Olgettina n. 60 e n. 48, 20132 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: falconi.massimo@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falconi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: MEN 1; carcinoid; liver metastases; neuroendocrine tumors; surgery