title: Pdgfra and Pdgfrb genetically interact during craniofacial development.
abstract: One of the most prevalent congenital birth defects is cleft palate. The palatal skeleton is derived from the cranial neural crest and platelet-derived growth factors (Pdgf) are critical in palatogenesis. Of the two Pdgf receptors, pdgfra is required for neural crest migration and palatogenesis. However, the role pdgfrb plays in the neural crest, or whether pdgfra and pdgfrb interact during palatogenesis is unclear.
  
  
  
  We find that pdgfrb is dispensable for craniofacial development in zebrafish. However, the palatal defect in pdgfra;pdgfrb double mutants is significantly more severe than in pdgfra single mutants. Data in mouse suggest this interaction is conserved and that neural crest requires both genes. In zebrafish, pdgfra and pdgfrb are both expressed by neural crest within the pharyngeal arches, and pharmacological analyses demonstrate Pdgf signaling is required at these times. While neither proliferation nor cell death appears affected, time-lapsed confocal analysis of pdgfra;pdgfrb mutants shows a failure of proper neural crest condensation during palatogenesis.
  
  
  
  We provide data showing that pdgfra and pdgfrb interact during palatogenesis in both zebrafish and mouse. In zebrafish, this interaction affects proper condensation of maxillary neural crest cells, revealing a previously unknown interaction between Pdgfra and Pdgfrb during palate formation. Developmental Dynamics 245:641-652, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Neuroscience, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Jocelyn S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eskiocak
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Neuroscience, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: C Ben
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lovely
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tallquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Neuroscience, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Johann K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Eberhart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta
keywords: cranial neural crest; palatogenesis; pdgfra; pdgfrb