title: Association of objectively measured occupational walking and standing still with low back pain: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study investigated the association of objectively measured walking and standing still time at work with low back pain (LBP) intensity among blue-collar workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  187 workers attached two accelerometers for diurnal standing still and walking measurements, which were categorised using tertiles. Workers' self-reported LBP intensity (scale 0-9) was categorised into low (0-5) and high pain (6-9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 187 workers, 17% reported a high level of LBP. Results of the multi-adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated a negative association between walking and high LBP intensity (OR 0.24 CL 95% 0.07 to 0.79). The results between standing still and high LBP intensity were mixed and non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blue-collar workers who walk more at work tend to have low LBP. These results should be verified using objective measures in a prospective design. Practitioner Summary: Most studies on the association of occupational walking and standing still with LBP have used poor self-reported measures. This study investigated the association of objectively measured time spent walking and standing still at work with LBP among blue-collar workers. A significant negative association between walking and LBP was found. However, because of the cross-sectional design, these results should be further investigated in prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload , National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munch Nielsen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload , National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen K , Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisbeth E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload , National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holtermann
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011187:Posture; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking
keywords: ActiGraph; Low back pain; blue-collar workers; objective measurements; occupational standing still; occupational walking