title: In Vitro and in Vivo Wound Healing Properties of Plasma and Serum from Crocodylus siamensis Blood.
abstract: The plasma and serum of Crocodylus siamensis have previously been reported to exhibit potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. During wound healing, these biological properties play a crucial role for supporting the formation of new tissue around the injured skin in the recovery process. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the wound healing properties of C. siamensis plasma and serum. The collected data demonstrate that crocodile plasma and serum were able to activate in vitro proliferation and migration of HaCaT, a human keratinocyte cell line, which represents an essential phase in the wound healing process. With respect to investigating cell migration, a scratch wound experiment was performed which revealed the ability of plasma and serum to decrease the gap of wounds in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with the in vitro results, remarkably enhanced wound repair was also observed in a mouse excisional skin wound model after treatment with plasma or serum. The effects of C. siamensis plasma and serum on wound healing were further elucidated by treating wound infections by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 on mice skin coupled with a histological method. The results indicate that crocodile plasma and serum promote the prevention of wound infection and boost the re-epithelialization necessary for the formation of new skin. Therefore, this work represents the first study to demonstrate the efficiency of C. siamensis plasma and serum with respect to their wound healing properties and strongly supports the utilization of C. siamensis plasma and serum as therapeutic products for injured skin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Office of the Dean, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.|Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nisachon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jangpromma
authors.affiliation: Department of General Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat, Sakon Nakhon Province 47000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sutthidech
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preecharram
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Srilert
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Surachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maijaroen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pramote
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahakunakorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Natsajee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nualkaew
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.|Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sakda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daduang
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sompong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klaynongsruang
mesh_terms: D000489:Alligators and Crocodiles / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes; D051379:Mice; D010949:Plasma; D044967:Serum; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D014945:Wound Healing; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Crocodile blood; Plasma; Scratch assay; Serum; Wound healing; Wound infection