title: Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults.
abstract: Ultrasonography is the ideal noninvasive imaging modality for evaluation of scrotal abnormalities. It is capable of differentiating the most important etiologies of acute scrotal pain and swelling, including epididymitis and testicular torsion, and is the imaging modality of choice in acute scrotal trauma. In patients presenting with palpable abnormality or scrotal swelling, ultrasonography can detect, locate, and characterize both intratesticular and extratesticular masses and other abnormalities. A 12-17 MHz high frequency linear array transducer provides excellent anatomic detail of the testicles and surrounding structures. In addition, vascular perfusion can be easily assessed using color and spectral Doppler analysis. In most cases of scrotal disease, the combination of clinical history, physical examination, and information obtained with ultrasonography is sufficient for diagnostic decision-making. This review covers the normal scrotal anatomy as well as various testicular and scrotal lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9512-9461
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6471-7703
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scortegagna
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8344-1845
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nowitzki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Young H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0206-5663
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Orchitis; Scrotum; Spermatic cord torsion; Testicle; Ultrasonography