title: Metabolic Syndrome and Deep Vein Thrombosis After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS), defined as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, is prevalent among patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). MS has proven to promote a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state in patients. Venous thromboembolism is one of the major complications of TJA. The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify whether MS and its components increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after TJA.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively reviewed 1553 patients undergoing primary unilateral TJA from 2007 to 2014. MS was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization criteria. All subjects received venography after operation to screen for DVT. Symptomatic DVT events after TJA were also recorded. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the association of MS and its components with postoperative DVT.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of MS in patients undergoing TJA was 5.1% (n = 79). A total of 335 patients (21.6%) were diagnosed with DVT by venography. Seventy-eight patients (5.0%) developed symptomatic DVT. In the total knee arthroplasty group, MS and obesity were related to postoperative DVT. MS alone was found to be associated with symptomatic DVT. In the total hip arthroplasty group, MS increased the risk of symptomatic DVT. However, obesity, rather than MS, was associated with total DVT after total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  
  MS was a significant risk factor for DVT after TJA. Strategies to minimize the adverse effect of MS should be considered for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Joint Research Centre for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia (M508), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Joint Research Centre for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Joint Research Centre for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Joint Research Centre for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yeshuai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia (M508), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Minghao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Joint Research Centre for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010690:Phlebography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: deep vein thrombosis; metabolic syndrome; total hip arthroplasty; total knee arthroplasty; venography