title: Influence of genetic and vintage factors in flavan-3-ol composition of grape seeds of a segregating Vitis vinifera population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flavan-3-ol compounds are important secondary metabolites which show high antioxidant activity and are responsible for bitterness and astringency of food products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential for selecting grape materials with higher seed flavanol content from a breeding population. The composition and content of flavan-3-ols from 151 genotypes obtained from crossing wine grape varieties was evaluated by UPLC in three consecutive years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chromatograms of flavan-3-ol compounds showed the same 12 compounds for all samples, but quantitative differences were observed between genotypes as well as parental varieties. The most abundant compounds were (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin followed by proanthocyanidins A2 and B2. Progeny showed higher values than the parental genotypes for every detected compound indicating directional transgressive segregation. With these results genotypes with as much as five times more flavanols than their parents could be identified. The year effect was significant; however, high correlations between years for each compound indicated that there is a strong genetic component in the determination of flavanol content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher contents of seed flavan-3-ols can be obtained by hybridisation, and those genotypes could be used for extracting healthy phytochemicals, adding value to seeds as a sub-product in wine elaboration. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, C/ Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.|Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV), Finca La Grajera, Ctra Burgos, Km 6, 26080, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, C/ Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.|Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shiren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, C/ Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.|Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV), Finca La Grajera, Ctra Burgos, Km 6, 26080, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Menéndez
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D005838:Genotype; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C404987:flavan-3-ol; D002392:Catechin
keywords: Graciano; Tempranillo; UPLC-MS; phenolic compounds; proanthocyanidins