title: Depressive symptomatology, weight status and obesogenic risk among Australian adolescents: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adolescence is a period of increased risk for mental health problems and development of associated lifestyle risk behaviours. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between obesogenic risk factors, weight status, and depressive symptomatology in a cohort of Australian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used repeated measures data from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) It's Your Move project, an Australian community-based obesity prevention intervention. Intervention effect was non-significant therefore intervention and comparison groups were combined in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total sample was 634 secondary school students (female n=338, male n=296) with mean age 13 years (SD=0.6) at baseline (2012) and 15 years (SD=0.6) at follow-up (2014) recruited from 6 government secondary schools in the ACT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome was depressive symptomatology measured by Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were weight status, physical activity, screen time and diet related measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased physical activity was associated to lower depressive symptomatology among males (OR=0.35, p<0.05). Sweet drink (OR=1.15, p<0.05) and takeaway consumption (OR=1.84, p<0.05) were associated with higher levels of depressive symptomatology among females at follow-up. Males who were classified as overweight or obese at baseline, and remained so over the study period, were at increased risk of depressive symptomatology at follow-up (b=1.63, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.92). Inactivity among males over the 2-year study period was predictive of higher depressive symptomatology scores at follow-up (b=2.55, 95% CI 0.78 to 4.32). For females, those who increased their consumption of takeaway foods during the study period were at increased risk for developing depressive symptomatology (b=1.82, 95% CI -0.05 to 3.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are multiple, probably complex, relationships between diet, physical activity and outcomes of obesity and mental health as well as between the outcomes themselves. Healthier diets and increased physical activity should be foundations for healthier body weight and mental health.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACTRN12615000842561; Results.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoare
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skouteris
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malakellis
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia Population Nutrition and Global Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Boyd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swinburn
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allender
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: MENTAL HEALTH; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; PUBLIC HEALTH