title: Spontaneous Transethmoidal Meningoceles in Adults: Case Series with Emphasis on Surgical Management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous onset transethmoidal meningocele is a rare entity among the adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed and cases of adults diagnosed with spontaneous transethmoidal meningoceles from November 2000 till February 2014 were reported. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and results. Intraoperative findings, the type of surgical reconstruction performed, and the percentage of recurrence, if present, were also reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten cases of spontaneous transethmoidal meningoceles in adults were diagnosed. Eight were females and two males with a mean age of 47.5 years. All patients presented with CSF leakage with or without meningitis. They underwent a reconstruction of the base of skull defect using the temporalis fascia graft in addition to fibrin glue (Tissucol) and Surgicel (Ethicon). In two cases with a larger defect, a piece of septal bone and turbinate mucosa were applied achieving a watertight seal in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous transethmoidal meningocele in adults is a rare condition. It usually presents with clear rhinorrhea with or without meningitis and an endoscopic multilayer reconstruction is advocated for treatment of such conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Phase I, 6th Floor, Room C-638, Bliss Street, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ziade
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Phase I, 6th Floor, Room C-638, Bliss Street, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Phase I, 6th Floor, Room C-638, Bliss Street, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Homsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Phase I, 6th Floor, Room C-638, Bliss Street, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kazan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Phase I, 6th Floor, Room C-638, Bliss Street, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008588:Meningocele / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery; D014420:Turbinates / Q000601:surgery