title: Prefrontal left--dominant hemisphere--gamma and delta oscillators in general anaesthesia with volatile anaesthetics during open thoracic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objective was to indicate sufficient general anaesthesia (GA) inhibition for negative experience rejection in GA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the group of patients (n = 17, mean age 63.59 years, 9 male--65.78 years, 8 female - 61.13 years) during GA in open thorax surgery and analyzed EEG signal by power spectrum (pEEG) delta (DR), and gamma rhythms (GR). EEG was performed: OPO - the day before surgery and in surgery phases OP1-OP5 during GA. Particular GA phases: OP1 = after pre- medication, OP2 = surgery onset, OP3 = surgery with one-side lung ventilation, OP4 = end of surgery, both sides ventilation, OP5 = end of GA. pEEG registering in the left frontal region Fp1-A1 montage in 17 right handed persons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean DR power in OP2 phase is significantly higher than in phase OP5 and mean DR power in OP3 is higher than in OP5. One-lung ventilation did not change minimal alveolar concentration and gases should not accelerate decrease in mean DR power. Higher mean value of GR power in OPO than in OP3 was statistically significant. Mean GR power in OP3 is statistically significantly lower than in OP4 correlating with the same gases concentration in OP3 and OP4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed DR power decreased since OP2 till the end of GA it means inhibition represented by power DR fluently decreasing is sufficient for GA depth. GR power decay near the working memory could reduce conscious cognition and unpleasant explicit experience in GA.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saniova
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drobny
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drobna
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamzik
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakosova
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003700:Delta Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation