title: Induced Resistance in Tomato Plants against Verticillium Wilt by the Binuclear Nickel Coordination Complex of the Ligand 2,5-Bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole.
abstract: Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a major limiting factor for tomato production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ligand 2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (L) and its complex bis[μ-2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ(4)N(2),N(3):N(4),N(5)]bis[dihydrato-κO)nickel(II)] as activators of plant defenses in controlling Verticillium wilt. In the greenhouse, they protected tomato plants against V. dahliae when they were applied twice as foliar sprays at 100 μg mL(-1). A synergistic effect was observed between the ligand L and the transition metal Ni, with disease incidence reduced by 38% with L and 57% with Ni2L2. Verticillium wilt foliar symptoms and vascular browning index were reduced by 82% for L and 95% for Ni2L2. This protection ability was associated with the induction of an oxidative burst and the activation of the total phenolic content as well as potentiation of the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. These results demonstrated that L and Ni2L2 can be considered as new activators of plant defense responses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Hanane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zine
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Lalla Aicha
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faize
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bentiss
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Salaheddine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guesmi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Abdelhakim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laachir
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smaili
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Kacem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makroum
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Abdelaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahibed-Dine
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, ‡Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, and §Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali , 24000 El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Tayeb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koussa
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000378:metabolism*; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020172:Verticillium / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: C000612220:2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole; D008024:Ligands; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; D013830:Thiadiazoles; D009532:Nickel
keywords: 2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole; Verticillium; metal transition; plant defenses; protection; tomato