title: Decontamination of Anodized Implant Surface With Different Modalities for Peri-Implantitis Treatment: Lasers and Mechanical Debridement With Citric Acid.
abstract: Although oral rehabilitation with dental implants is a very promising and effective procedure, peri-implantitis is an emerging concern. Surgical and non-surgical methods have been applied to treat peri-implantitis together with various implant surface decontamination methods. However, there is no consensus concerning the most effective treatment for peri-implantitis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and titanium bur with and without citric acid on ligature-induced peri-implantitis around an anodized implant surface.
  
  
  
  Thirty dental implants with anodized surface (3.3 × 10 mm) were installed in the mandibles of five beagle dogs. After 3 months, peri-implantitis was induced by applying cotton ligatures subgingivally. After ligature removal (baseline), the implants were divided into the following treatment groups: 1) Er:YAG laser, 2) PDT, 3) titanium bur alone, and 4) titanium bur with citric acid. Animals were sacrificed after 3 months, and clinical, radiologic, histologic, and histomorphometric evaluations were conducted for all treatment modalities. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. A value of P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  
  The titanium bur with citric acid group exhibited statistically significantly greater improvement in vertical bone height than the Er:YAG laser group and significantly better bone-to-implant contact than the PDT group and the bur-alone group.
  
  
  
  Within the limits of the study, the combination of mechanical and chemical treatment proved to be the most effective treatment for disinfection of the anodized implant surface.
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Moe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Htet
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Zayar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Hard Tissue Engineering/Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasugai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003646:Debridement; D003666:Decontamination; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D053685:Laser Therapy; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D019343:Citric Acid
keywords: Infection control; lasers; periimplantitis; photodynamic therapy