title: Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US28 may act as a tumor promoter in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess human cytomegalovirus-encoded US28 gene function in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine US28 expression in 103 CRC patient samples and 98 corresponding adjacent noncancerous samples. Patient data were compared by age, sex, tumor location, histological grade, Dukes' stage, and overall mean survival time. In addition, the US28 gene was transiently transfected into the CRC LOVO cell line, and cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry and a cell invasion transwell assay were also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US28 levels were clearly higher in CRC tissues (38.8%) than in adjacent noncancerous samples (7.1%) (P = 0.000). Interestingly, elevated US28 amounts in CRC tissues were significantly associated with histological grade, metastasis, Dukes' stage, and overall survival (all P < 0.05); meanwhile, US28 expression was not significantly correlated with age, sex or tumor location. In addition, multivariate Cox regression data revealed US28 level as an independent CRC prognostic marker (P = 0.000). LOVO cells successfully transfected with the US28 gene exhibited higher viability, greater chemotherapy resistance, accelerated cell cycle progression, and increased invasion ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US28 expression is predictive of poor prognosis and may promote CRC.
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Zhai
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Hang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Zhi
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Zhi
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Si
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Bao
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhai Cai, Yu-Hui Zhou, Shu-Zhi Zheng, Meng-Si Ye, Yun He, Zhan-Xiong Xue, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhan-Xiong
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C411191:US28 receptor, Cytomegalovirus; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Human cytomegalovirus; Invasion; Prognosis; Proliferation; US28