title: Emergency inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia: a 5-year experience in a teaching hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local anesthesia (LA) has been reported to be the best choice for elective open inguinal hernia repair because it is cost efficient, with less post-operative pain and enables more rapid recovery. However, the role of LA in emergency inguinal hernia repair is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of LA in emergency inguinal hernia repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent emergency inguinal hernia repair in our hospital between January 2010 and April 2014 were analyzed retrospectively in this study. Patients were divided into LA and general anesthesia (GA) group according to the general conditions of the patients decided by anesthetists and surgeons. The outcome parameters measured included time to recovery, early and late postoperative complications, total expense and recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included a total of 90 patients from 2010 to 2015. 32 patients (35.6%) were performed under LA, and 58 (64.4%) were performed under GA. LA group has less cardiac complications (P = 0.044) and respiratory complications (P = 0.027), shorter ICU stay (P = 0.035) and hospital stay (P = 0.001), lower cost (P = 0.000) and faster recovery time (P = 0.000) than GA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LA could provide effective anesthesia and patient safety in emergency inguinal hernia repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 S. Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 S. Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 S. Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.|Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Haolu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 S. Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 S. Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
authors.forename: Linhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 S. Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
authors.forename: Qiwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 S. Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. dr_wangjian@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Effective; Incarcerated inguinal hernia; Local anesthesia; Safety