title: Nanoporous metals for biodegradable implants: Initial bone mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and degradation behavior.
abstract: Nanostructured Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Zn metal scaffolds were generated through a well-controlled selective leaching process in order to fulfill the growing demand for adjustable degradation rates and improved cellular response of resorbable materials. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (D1 ORL UVA) were seeded onto eleven, carefully chosen nanoporous surfaces for 24 h in vitro. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and an MTS assay, it was discovered that scaffolds with nanoscale roughened surfaces had increased cell attachment by up to 123% compared to polished smooth Fe-Mn surfaces. Significant cell spreading and construction of cell multilayers were also apparent after 24 h, suggesting better adhesion. Additionally, static electrochemical polarization experiments revealed an improvement of up to 26% in the actual rate of biodegradation for Fe-Mn surface-modified materials. However, any residual concentration of zinc after leaching was shown to slightly increase corrosion resistance. The results demonstrate that selectively leached, nanostructured Fe-Mn surfaces have the potential of being tailored to a diverse set of transient implant scenarios, while also effectively boosting overall biocompatibility, initial cell attachment, and degradation rate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1747-1758, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heiden
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.|Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nauman
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stanciu
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D003343:Corrosion; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D058608:Nanopores / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016062:Porosity
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D008670:Metals
keywords: bioresorbable biomaterials; cell attachment; dealloy; iron-manganese; nanoscale; porosity