title: Relationship between local production of microRNA-328 and atrial substrate remodeling in atrial fibrillation.
abstract: The underlying mechanism of atrial substrate remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether local and systemic levels of microRNA (miR) might be associated with the presence of AF and with left atrial (LA) substrate properties.
  
  
  
  Blood from the periphery, pulmonary vein (PV), and left atrial appendage (LAA) was sampled from 30 patients with AF undergoing PV isolation, and from 10 control subjects with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and without AF. We measured peripheral, PV, and LAA plasma levels of miR-1, -26, -133a, -328, and -590 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. LA global contact mapping during sinus rhythm was performed before PV isolation.
  
  
  
  Plasma levels of miR-328 were higher in patients with AF than in control subjects. Plasma miR-328 levels were significantly higher in the LAA than in the periphery and PV in patients with AF, but not in control subjects. Plasma miR-1 levels were also higher in the LAA than in the PV in AF patients. Interestingly, LAA plasma levels of miR-328 showed a positive correlation with the LA voltage zone index (area with voltage <0.5mV divided by total LA surface area) and a weak correlation with LA volume.
  
  
  
  Local production of miR-328 in the left atrium may be involved in the process of atrial remodeling in patients with AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. Electronic address: soeki@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soeki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobiume
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ise
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusunose
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiju
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuzo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakatsuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimabukuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000378:metabolism; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064752:Atrial Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Left atrium; MicroRNA; Remodeling; Substrate