title: Viral evasion of DNA-stimulated innate immune responses.
abstract: Cellular sensing of virus-derived nucleic acids is essential for early defenses against virus infections. In recent years, the discovery of DNA sensing proteins, including cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and gamma-interferon-inducible protein (IFI16), has led to understanding of how cells evoke strong innate immune responses against incoming pathogens carrying DNA genomes. The signaling stimulated by DNA sensors depends on the adaptor protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes), to enable expression of antiviral proteins, including type I interferon. To facilitate efficient infections, viruses have evolved a wide range of evasion strategies, targeting host DNA sensors, adaptor proteins and transcription factors. In this review, the current literature on virus-induced activation of the STING pathway is presented and we discuss recently identified viral evasion mechanisms targeting different steps in this antiviral pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.|Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.|Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Paludan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008954:Models, Biological; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA