title: Adiponectin protects the kidney against chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced injury through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study was carried out to assess the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on the kidney, the intervention roles of adiponectin (Ad), and the associated mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control (NC), normal control plus Ad supplement (NC + Ad), CIH, and CIH plus Ad supplement (CIH + Ad) groups. The rats in both CIH and CIH + Ad groups were submitted to a CIH environment for 4 months, while the rats in NC and NC + Ad groups were housed with the normal air for 4 months. In addition, the rats in NC + Ad and CIH + Ad groups were treated with an intravenous injection of Ad at a dosage of 10 μg per injection, twice a week, for four successive months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The production level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as the cell apoptosis level in kidney, were all higher in the CIH group than in the NC and NC + Ad groups (all p < 0.05). However, the ROS production, the protein of ER stress, and cell apoptosis levels in kidney were all lower in the CIH + Ad group than those in the CIH group (all p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ad could protect against CIH-induced renal cell apoptosis through inhibiting ROS-related ER stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Wenxiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yuanpei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yanbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jiangsu Geriatric Hospital, 42 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Jiannan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jiangsu Geriatric Hospital, 42 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. lugan0121@163.com.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. zhangxilong1952@163.com.
authors.forename: Xilong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Adiponectin; Chronic intermittent hypoxia; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Reactive oxygen species