title: Magnetically controlled Growing Rods for Early-onset Scoliosis: A Multicenter Study of 23 Cases With Minimum 2 years Follow-up.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report 2-year clinical and radiographic results of patients treated with magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  MCGR for early-onset scoliosis has been reported to provide adequate spinal growth and curve correction by eliminating surgical lengthening procedures. This study was designed to report the results of MCGR patients with 2-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of MCGR patients with the following inclusion criteria: (i) major curve size ≥30°, (ii) T1-T12 height <22 cm, (iii) <11-years old; all at the time of index surgery was performed. Of 54 patients enrolled, 23 had 2-year follow-up. Both primary and conversion patients were evaluated at baseline 6, 12, and 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean preoperative age in the primary group was 6.6 ± 2.6 years versus 8.3 ± 2.2 years for the conversion group. A total of 41 adverse events occurred in 11 patients, of which 14 events were implant related. Major coronal curve magnitude improved from 61.3° to 34.3° from baseline to postoperation in primary cases and from 49.4° to 43.8° in conversion cases. Curve correction was maintained for 2 years in both groups. T1-S1 height improved from 252.7 to 288.9 mm in primary cases and was maintained for 2 years. However, conversion cases had some decline in T1- S1 height (270.3 at baseline to 294.4 mm post-MCGR and 290.2 mm at 2-year follow-up; mean loss of 4.2 mm (1.5%) from postoperation to 2 years, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed satisfactory curve correction and growth is achieved among primary cases. T1-S1 height in conversion cases had a slight decline in 2 years. However, this decline was not statistically significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors.affiliation: San Diego Spine Foundation, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Pooria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: San Diego Spine Foundation, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawelek
authors.affiliation: San Diego Spine Foundation, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mundis
authors.affiliation: Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Burt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yaszay
authors.affiliation: Starship Children's Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Helenius
authors.affiliation: The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demirkiran
authors.affiliation: Florence Nightingale Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alanay
authors.affiliation: Ankara Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alpaslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senkoylu
authors.affiliation: University of Cairo Public Hospital, Oula, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elsebaie
authors.affiliation: San Diego Spine Foundation, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Behrooz A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Akbarnia
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome