title: Artificial eye for scotopic vision with bioinspired all-optical photosensitivity enhancer.
abstract: The ability to acquire images under low-light conditions is critical for many applications. However, to date, strategies toward improving low-light imaging primarily focus on developing electronic image sensors. Inspired by natural scotopic visual systems, we adopt an all-optical method to significantly improve the overall photosensitivity of imaging systems. Such optical approach is independent of, and can effectively circumvent the physical and material limitations of, the electronics imagers used. We demonstrate an artificial eye inspired by superposition compound eyes and the retinal structure of elephantnose fish. The bioinspired photosensitivity enhancer (BPE) that we have developed enhances the image intensity without consuming power, which is achieved by three-dimensional, omnidirectionally aligned microphotocollectors with parabolic reflective sidewalls. Our work opens up a previously unidentified direction toward achieving high photosensitivity in imaging systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706;
authors.forename: Hewei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706;
authors.forename: Yinggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 hongrui@engr.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Hongrui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D007909:Lenses; D008027:Light; D055254:Night Vision
keywords: bioinspired optical devices; femtosecond laser micromachining; low aberrations; low-light imaging; microopto–electromechanical systems