title: Detection of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute otitis media by PCR and comparison of findings in the middle ear and nasopharynx.
abstract: We conducted a series of polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) in order to detect bacteria (7 species) and viruses (17 species) in middle ear fluid (MEF) and nasopharynx (Nph) of children with acute otitis media (AOM; n=179). Bacterial and viral nucleic acids were detected in MEF of 78.8% and 14.5% patients, respectively. The prevalence was as follows: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 70.4%; Haemophilus influenzae, 17.9%; Staphylococcus aureus, 16.8%; Streptococcus pyogenes, 12.3%; Moraxella catarrhalis, 9.5%; rhinovirus, 9.5%; and adenovirus, 3.4%. The overall rate of PCR-positive specimens for bacterial pathogens was 2.6 times higher, compared to culture results. The rate of PCR-positive results and the distribution of pathogens in the Nph were similar to those in the MEF. Nph PCR results had variable positive predictive values and high negative predictive values in predicting MEF findings. Our results indicate that Nph PCR could be a practical tool for examining respiratory pathogens in children with acute infections.
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor (CRIE), 111123, Novogireyevskaya Str., 3A, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yatsyshina
authors.affiliation: Scientific Center for Children's Health, 119991, Lomonosovskiy avenue, 2, Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, B. Pirogovskaya Str., 2/4, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: mayansky@nczd.ru.
authors.forename: Nikolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mayanskiy
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor (CRIE), 111123, Novogireyevskaya Str., 3A, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shipulina
authors.affiliation: Scientific Center for Children's Health, 119991, Lomonosovskiy avenue, 2, Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, B. Pirogovskaya Str., 2/4, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kulichenko
authors.affiliation: Scientific Center for Children's Health, 119991, Lomonosovskiy avenue, 2, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alyabieva
authors.affiliation: Scientific Center for Children's Health, 119991, Lomonosovskiy avenue, 2, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Lyubovj
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Katosova
authors.affiliation: Scientific Center for Children's Health, 119991, Lomonosovskiy avenue, 2, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazareva
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor (CRIE), 111123, Novogireyevskaya Str., 3A, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skachkova
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor (CRIE), 111123, Novogireyevskaya Str., 3A, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elkina
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor (CRIE), 111123, Novogireyevskaya Str., 3A, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matosova
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor (CRIE), 111123, Novogireyevskaya Str., 3A, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shipulin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Acute otitis media; Middle ear fluid; Nasopharynx; Quantitative PCR; Respiratory viruses; Streptococcus pneumoniae