title: Functional outcome at school age of neonatal post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation.
abstract: Specific knowledge about the functional outcome of preterm born children with post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) is lacking.
  
  
  
  To determine functional outcome at school age in children with post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and to identify whether PHVD characteristics increased the risk for deficits.
  
  
  
  Single-center case-control study. Included were preterm children born between 1996 and 2003 who had PHVD in their neonatal period. The controls were children matched for gestation, gender, and year of birth. At school age, using standardized tests and questionnaires, we assessed intelligence, attention, verbal memory, executive functioning, visual perception, visuomotor integration, motor skills, and behavior.
  
  
  
  Of 34 children with PHVD 28 survived, three of whom could not be tested at school age (one child's parents declined and two were lost to follow-up). At a mean age of 10years (6-14years) the total and verbal IQs of the remaining 25 children (17 boys, 8 girls) were significantly lower compared to controls (difference in total IQ-14 points, verbal IQ-9 points, P=0.001and P=0.009, respectively). After adjustment for possible confounders, the performance of the PHVD group was poorer on visual perception and attention tests. Selective attention showed a trend toward risk of borderline and abnormal scores (OR 4.03, 95%-CI 0.84-19.2). Within the PHVD group, total IQ was significantly lower (P=0.048) in those who had undergone surgical intervention (n=12).
  
  
  
  At school age, intelligence, attention, and visual perception were more affected in the PHVD group than in the matched controls. Surgical intervention was associated with lower IQ scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.c.holwerda@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Janyte C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Holwerda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Koenraad N J A
authors.initials: KNJA
authors.lastname: Van Braeckel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roze
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eelco W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Hoving
authors.affiliation: Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carel G B
authors.initials: CGB
authors.lastname: Maathuis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oebele F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arend F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007360:Intelligence; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills
keywords: Epidemiology; Hydrocephalus; Intervention; Neurodevelopmental outcome; Preterm infants