title: Analytical method for 44 pesticide residues in spinach using multi-plug-filtration cleanup based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry detection.
abstract: Spinach is one of the most commonly planted vegetables worldwide. A high chlorophyll content makes spinach a complicated matrix in pesticide residue analysis. In this study, a rapid clean-up method was developed for the analysis of pesticide multi-residues in spinach followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A modified QuEChERS method with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon material was adopted in the multi-Plug Filtration Cleanup procedure. This method was validated for 44 representative pesticides spiked at two concentration levels of 10 and 100 μg/kg. The pesticides of different physicochemical properties were registered on spinach in China. The recoveries were between 76 and 114% for major pesticides with relative standard deviations of less than 15%, except for quizalofop-P-ethyl, pyrimethanil, and carbendazim. Matrix-matched calibration curves were performed with the coefficients of determination higher than 0.995 for the studied pesticides for concentration levels of 10-500 μg/kg. The limits of quantitation ranged from 2 to 10 μg/kg. The developed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in Chinese market spinach samples.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, Test and Supervision Center of Agro-Environmental Quality, MOA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Baoyong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yongtao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Station of Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Canping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Multi-Plug Filtration Cleanup; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Pesticide residue analysis; Spinach