title: Prevention of cervical cancer: journey to develop the first human papillomavirus virus-like particle vaccine and the next generation vaccine.
abstract: In 2006, the first human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine was licensed. Gardasil(®), the quadrivalent HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 recombinant VLP vaccine (4vHPV), developed by Merck demonstrated remarkable efficacy in prevention of important clinical pre-cursors to cervical cancer and genital warts. The vaccine was designed to protect against HPV 16 and 18 that cause ∼70% of cervical cancers and HPV 6 and 11 that cause ∼90% of genital warts. Initially, Gardasil(®) was indicated in the United States for women 9-26 years of age for the prevention of HPV 16 and 18-related cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancer, HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18-related genital intraepithelial neoplasia and the prevention of HPV 6 and 11-related genital warts. Subsequently, a bivalent HPV 16 and 18 VLP vaccine, Cervarix (2vHPV) developed by GlaxoSmithKline was licensed. Since the original licensures, the indications for Gardasil(®) have been expanded to include males and a vaccine with extended HPV coverage, Gardasil 9 (9vHPV), licensed in 2014.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Basic Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, United States. Electronic address: janine@caveb.com.
authors.forename: Janine T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess R&D, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buckland
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Collegeville, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Basic Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Kathrin U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle