title: Vaccination against canine leishmaniosis increases the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide production and expression of cell activation/migration molecules in neutrophils and monocytes.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is transmitted by phlebotomine sandfly vectors and domestic dogs serve as a reservoir. The elimination of seropositive dogs has been a recommended strategy for managing the disease in Brazil. A protective canine vaccine would be an important tool for controlling the disease, reducing the parasites available to sandfly vectors and, consequently, reducing the number of human VL cases. Leishmune(®) is an anti-canine Leishmaniosis (VL Canine) vaccine produced by Zoetis (Pfizer, Brazil) that was commercially available in Brazil until 2014. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the protective immunological events induced by vaccination with Leishmune(®) in the time frame of one year. Healthy, non-vaccinated dogs and dogs of 1, 6 and 10 months post-vaccination were evaluated. Results showed that Leishmune(®) induced an increase in phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes and also increased NO production. Immunological events were correlated with functional responses, as high levels of IgG and an increase of the receptor Fcγ were detected. Vaccination induced an increased expression of TLR (2, 4, 5, 9), integrin (CD29, CD49f), activation (MHCII) and co-stimulatory (CD80, CD81) molecules by neutrophils and monocytes. Vaccination led to decrease of IL-4 and an increase of IL-8 production by monocytes and higher IFN-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells. The results suggested that Leishmune(®) was able to induce a long-lasting change in immune response, mediated by supportive immunological events that may be participating in protective immunity against CL.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ -MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: marcela.moreira@cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Marcela L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ -MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: christianecosta@cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costa-Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: marinarod.bio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marina Luiza Rodrigues
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ -MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: brunomarteleto@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruno H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Marteleto
authors.affiliation: Clínica Veterinária Santo Agostinho, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: vitor@pucminas.br.
authors.forename: Vitor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ -MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: vanessa@cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peruhype-Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: giunchetti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodolfo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Giunchetti
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ -MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: oamfilho@cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Olindo A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ -MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: sobreira@cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Márcio S S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Canine leishmaniosis; Cytokines; Leishmania infantum; Leishmune(®); Phagocytosis; TLRs; Vaccine