title: Light-Emitting Superstructures with Anion Effect: Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Pure Tetraphenylethylene Metallacycles and Metallacages.
abstract: Herein, we describe the synthesis of tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based di-Pt(II) acceptors as shown by X-ray analysis, which are subsequently used to construct pure TPE-based 2D hexagonal metallacycles and 3D drumlike metallacages with three different counteranions via coordination-driven self-assembly. The metallacycles possess alternating TPE donor and acceptor units that arrange 12 pendant phenyl rings along the outer perimeter that provide the basis for the observed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior. The metallacages are similarly constructed from TPE-based building blocks, specifically two donors and four acceptors, resulting in eight freely rotating phenyl rings decorating the prismatic core. The fluorescence of these cages in dilute solution is intensified when hexane is added to CH2Cl2 solutions, indicative of aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE). The influence of the counteranions on the photophysics of the assemblies was investigated. The molar absorption coefficients (ε), fluorescence emission intensities, and quantum yield (ΦF) values of the SCCs with different counteranions in CH2Cl2 follow the order PF6(-) > OTf(-) > NO3(-). The same trend also applies to the AIE characteristics of the SCCs in the aggregated state. The metal-organic materials developed here not only enrich a newly emerging library of self-assembly AIE metallacycles and cages that are promising candidates for turn-on fluorescent sensors and advanced optical devices but also provide an understanding of how structural factors affect the photophysics of AIE-active SCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
authors.forename: Xuzhou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University , San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo , 359 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
authors.forename: Manik Lal
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
authors.forename: Zhixuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University , San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors.forename: Feihe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stang