title: Re-Emergence of Zika Virus: A Review on Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.
abstract: Zika virus (ZKV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family, which includes West Nile, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis virus. It is transmitted by the Aedes genus of mosquitoes. Before 2015, ZKV outbreaks occurred in areas of Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Southeast Asia. The current large outbreak, which began in Brazil, has also emerged throughout a large part of South/Central America, a number of islands in the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Mexico. A sudden rise in the numbers of infants reported born with microcephaly in Brazil, and the detection of the single-stranded positive RNA virus in the amniotic fluid of affected newborns, has captured medical, mainstream media, and global political attention, causing considerable concern in a post-Ebola global community considerably more focused on the threat of internationally transmissible diseases. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of ZKV for clinicians, with the emphasis on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment/preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Auburn Community Hospital, NY. Electronic address: waqas1184@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Waqas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shuaib
authors.affiliation: Wichita Falls Family Practice Residency Program, Witchita Falls, TX.
authors.forename: Hashim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stanazai
authors.affiliation: Wichita Falls Family Practice Residency Program, Witchita Falls, TX.
authors.forename: Ahmad G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Abazid
authors.affiliation: Wichita Falls Family Practice Residency Program, Witchita Falls, TX.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mattar
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Brazil; Chikungunya; Dengue; Microcephaly; Zika