title: Human influenza viruses and CD8(+) T cell responses.
abstract: Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite new strain-specific vaccines being available annually. As IAV-specific CD8(+) T cells promote viral control in the absence of neutralizing antibodies, and can mediate cross-reactive immunity toward distinct IAVs to drive rapid recovery from both mild and severe influenza disease, there is great interest in developing a universal T cell vaccine. However, despite detailed studies in mouse models of influenza virus infection, there is still a paucity of data on human epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell responses to IAVs. This review focuses on our current understanding of human CD8(+) T cell immunity against distinct IAVs and discusses the possibility of achieving a CD8(+) T cell mediated-vaccine that protects against multiple, distinct IAV strains across diverse human populations. We also review the importance of CD8(+) T cell immunity in individuals highly susceptible to severe influenza infection, including those hospitalised with influenza, the elderly and Indigenous populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Sergio M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Parra
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: E Bridie
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: kkedz@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kedzierska
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D037182:T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D007252:Influenza Vaccines