title: Inhibitory Effect of the Punica granatum Fruit Extract on Angiotensin-II Type I Receptor and Thromboxane B2 in Endothelial Cells Induced by Plasma from Preeclamptic Patients.
abstract: This study aims to evaluate whether the Punica granatum fruit extract modulates the Angiotensin-II Type I receptor (AT1-R) and thromboxane B2 level in endothelial cells induced by plasma from preeclamptic patients. Endothelial cells were obtained from human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. At confluence, endothelial cells were divided into five groups, which included endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from normal pregnancy (NP), endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from preeclamptic patients (PP), and endothelial cells exposed to PP in the presence of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum (PP + PG) at the following three doses: 14; 28; and 56 ppm. The expression of AT1-R was observed by immunohistochemistry technique, and thromboxane B2 level was done by immunoassay technique. Plasma from PP significantly increased AT1-R expression and thromboxane B2 levels compared to cells treated by normal pregnancy plasma. The increasing of AT1-R expression significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated by high dose treatments of Punica granatum extract. Moreover, the increasing of thromboxane B2 levels significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated by lowest dose treatments of Punica granatum extract. We further concluded that Punica granatum fruit protects and inhibits the sensitivity of endothelial cells to plasma from preeclamptic patients due to inhibition of AT1-R expression (56 ppm) and reduced thromboxane B2 levels (14 ppm).
authors.affiliation: Dharma Husada Midwifery Academy, Jalan Penanggungan No. 41, Kelurahan Lirboyo, Kecamatan Mojoroto, Kediri, East Java 64117, Indonesia; Midwifery Master Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Widya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kusumawati
authors.affiliation: Obstetric and Ginecology Laboratory, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Jalan Jaksa Agung Suprapto No. 2, Malang, East Java 65122, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Kusnarman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keman
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Setyawati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soeharto