title: The Effects of Septal Deviation, Concha Bullosa, and Their Combination on the Depth of Posterior Palatal Arch in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal breathing is the major pattern of air intake. Changes in breathing pattern alter the posture of the head, jaws and tongue that could change pressure on the jaw and teeth and affect their growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between septal deviations (SD) per se and in combination with concha bullosa (CB) on maxilla; particularly the depth of palatal arch.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive-comparative study was performed on 116 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The images were categorized into four groups (n=29) as follows; group 1: SD+CB, group 2: only SD, group 3: neither SD nor CB, and group 4: only CB. In coronal images, deviated septal length (DSL), angle of deviated septal curve (DSCA), palatal arch depth (PAD), palatal interalveolar length (PIL), PAD/PIL ratio, septal vertical length (SVL), maxillopalatal arch angle (MPAA), interjugum distance (IJD), and jugum angle (JA) were measured. The data were statistically analyzed with Tukey's HSD and Chi-square tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences in DSL and DSCA (p= 0.0001) among the four groups. The study groups were not statistically different regarding the IJD, JA, MPAA, PAD/PIL, PAD, PIL, and SVL. However, in group 1, PAD/PIL were significantly correlated with DSCA and DSL (p= 0.037, and p= 0.043, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings of this study, simultaneous occurrence of SD and CB influenced the depth and curve of the palatal bone. The PAD/PIL ratio was negatively correlated with the DSCA angle. This correlation was associated with a decrease in PAD, indicating that concurrent occurrence of SD and CB remarkably affected the palatal base of maxilla.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dalili Kajan
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Jalil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Elmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niksolat
keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Hard Palate; Measurement; Nasal Septum