title: Single-step synthesis of heparin-doped polypyrrole nanoparticles for delivery of angiogenic factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform one-pot synthesis of heparin-immobilized polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles and evaluate the use of these nanoparticles for the delivery of VEGF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heparin-stabilized synthesis of PPy nanoparticles was performed via oxidative polymerization. VEGF-bound PPy-heparin nanoparticles were delivered to endothelial cells and bioactivity of VEGF was assessed by Matrigel tube formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Size-controllable synthesis of heparin-doped PPy nanoparticles was achieved, and heparin promoted the conjugation of VEGF. Angiogenic activity of the VEGF-conjugated PPy nanoparticles was verified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparin-doped PPy nanoparticles can be synthesized using one-pot reaction and provide a delivery platform by which VEGF can be conjugated onto.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.
authors.forename: Gordon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.
authors.forename: Yi Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.|KK Research Centre, KK Women's & Children Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899 Singapore.
authors.forename: Cleo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choong
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006493:Heparin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C067635:polypyrrole; D006493:Heparin
keywords: VEGF delivery; angiogenesis; dispersion polymerization; heparin; nanoparticles; one-pot synthesis; polypyrrole; protein stability