title: Diabetic Foot Infection in Morocco: Microbiological Profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this work is to describe the microbiology of diabetic foot infections (DFIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors included all samples of infected diabetic foot ulcers between January 2009 and June 2014 at the Mohammed Vth Military Teaching Hospital of Rabat, Morocco.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The researchers collected 199 samples corresponding to 157 patients. The mean age of the patients was 59 years ± 12 years. Of the collected samples, deep samples represented 41% and swab samples 59%. Direct examination indicated anaerobic infection in 32% of the cases. There were 307 bacteria isolates from both deep and swab samples. There was no statistically significant association between the sampling method and isolate species (P = 0.237). Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), and Enterococcus sp represented 31.8%, 12.6 %, 12.3%, 11.7%, and 8.7% of the isolates, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus represented 4.7% of S. aureus isolates. Enterobacteriaceae and NFGNB-producing extended spectrum β-lactamases represented 14.1% and 5.1%, respectively, with isolates producing carabapenemase representing 3.8% and 38.5%. Piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin resistance concerned 7.5%, 4.7%, and 25.5%, respectively, of isolated Enterobacteriaceae, and 35.9%, 30.7%, and 35.9% of NFGNB. Low susceptibility to β-lactams was found in 4.9% of Streptococcus sp isolates and 4.9% of Streptococcus sp isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gram-negative bacilli are responsible for 43% of DFIs, and multidrug-resistant GNB is a challenging issue in DFI management. The sampling method doesn't seem to impact the bacteriological profile; however, this finding must be confirmed with further study.
authors.forename: Bouchra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Belefquih
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frikh
authors.forename: Yasssine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benlahlou
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maleh
authors.forename: Lamiaa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jadid
authors.forename: Fatna
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bssaibis
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghazouani
authors.forename: Belkacem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chagar
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamsaouri
authors.forename: Abdelhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemnouer
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elouennass
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000276:immunology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents