title: Dysphagia and Dysphonia Assessment Tools After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery.
abstract: The Smith-Robinson approach to the anterior cervical spine is being increasingly used, but it is not without complication. Dysphagia and dysphonia are the most common complications of the procedure. Many classification systems have been developed to stage and grade postoperative dysphagia and dysphonia, but inconsistent usage and lack of consensus adoption has limited research progress. A discussion of the merits and limitations of the most common classification systems is outlined within this review. Broad adoption of comprehensive and simple classification metrics is needed, but, first, prospective reliability and validity must be established in the anterior cervical fusion population.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL †Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Rueben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Wellington K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Alpesh A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Savage
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires