title: PD-L1 Deficiency within Islets Reduces Allograft Survival in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Islet transplantation may potentially cure type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, immune rejection, especially that induced by the alloreactive T-cell response, remains a restraining factor for the long-term survival of grafted islets. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a negative costimulatory molecule. PD-L1 deficiency within the donor heart accelerates allograft rejection. Here, we investigate whether PD-L1 deficiency in donor islets reduces allograft survival time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucose Stimulation Assays were performed to evaluate whether PD-L1 deficiency has detrimental effects on islet function. Islets isolated from PDL1-deficient mice or wild- type (WT) mice (C57BL/6j) were implanted beneath the renal capsule of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic BALB/c mice. Blood glucose levels and graft survival time after transplantation were monitored. Moreover, we analyzed the residual islets, infiltrating immune cells and alloreactive cells from the recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD-L1 deficiency within islets does not affect islet function. However, islet PD-L1 deficiency increased allograft rejection and was associated with enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration and recipient T-cell alloreactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report to demonstrate that PD-L1 deficiency accelerated islet allograft rejection and regulated recipient alloimmune responses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dongxia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yakun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shanglin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Nianqiao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhishui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chidan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D006084:Graft Rejection; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C498919:Cd274 protein, mouse