title: Photodynamic Effect of Ni Nanotubes on an HeLa Cell Line.
abstract: Nickel nanomaterials are promising in the biomedical field, especially in cancer diagnostics and targeted therapy, due to their distinctive chemical and physical properties. In this experiment, the toxicity of nickel nanotubes (Ni NTs) were tested in an in vitro cervical cancer model (HeLa cell line) to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for their greatest effectiveness. Ni NTs were synthesized by electrodeposition. Morphological analysis and magnetic behavior were examined using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. Phototoxic and cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials were studied using the Ni NTs alone as well as in conjugation with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA); this was performed both in the dark and under laser exposure. Toxic effects on the HeLa cell model were evaluated by a neutral red assay (NRA) and by detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, 10-200 nM of Ni NTs was prepared in solution form and applied to HeLa cells in 96-well plates. Maximum toxicity of Ni NTs complexed with 5-ALA was observed at 100 J/cm2 and 200 nM. Up to 65-68% loss in cell viability was observed. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of results, with p-values = 0.003 and 0.000, respectively. Current results pave the way for a more rational strategy to overcome the problem of drug bioavailability in nanoparticulate targeted cancer therapy, which plays a dynamic role in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Zulfi, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammad Aziz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054 Chengdu, China.|Department of Physics, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fakhar-E-Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mahvish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fozia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Seemab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atif
authors.affiliation: Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mansoor Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Zulfi, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majid
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Zulfi, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Thamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shelih Al Harbi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), 24 Mauve Area, G-9/1, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054 Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Zhiming M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: AlSalhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Alahmed
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D043942:Nanotubes; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D009532:Nickel