title: Investigation of the electrophysiological correlates of negative BOLD response during intermittent photic stimulation: An EEG-fMRI study.
abstract: Although the occurrence of concomitant positive BOLD responses (PBRs) and negative BOLD responses (NBRs) to visual stimuli is increasingly investigated in neuroscience, it still lacks a definite explanation. Multimodal imaging represents a powerful tool to study the determinants of negative BOLD responses: the integration of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings is especially useful, since it can give information on the neurovascular coupling underlying this complex phenomenon. In the present study, the brain response to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) was investigated in a group of healthy subjects using simultaneous EEG-fMRI, with the main objective to study the electrophysiological mechanisms associated with the intense NBRs elicited by IPS in extra-striate visual cortex. The EEG analysis showed that IPS induced a desynchronization of the basal rhythm, followed by the instauration of a novel rhythm driven by the visual stimulation. The most interesting results emerged from the EEG-informed fMRI analysis, which suggested a relationship between the neuronal rhythms at 10 and 12 Hz and the BOLD dynamics in extra-striate visual cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that NBRs to visual stimuli may be neuronal in origin rather than reflecting pure vascular phenomena. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2247-2262, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.|Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zucca
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reni
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cerutti
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Triulzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arrigoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D058067:Wavelet Analysis
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: EEG-fMRI; negative BOLD; visual stimulation