title: Lithium and carbamazepine in bipolar disorder.
abstract: Lithium is considered first choice in the prevention of prospective episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. However, efficacy is not satisfactory in all patients and side effects sometimes prevent the use of lithium. It is argued that efficacy in clinical practice may be less impressive than anticipated from clinical trials, and alternative treatments are beinu advocated increasingly for that reason, such as the anticonvulsants, carbamazepine and valproate.
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Clinical Psychiatric Research's Gravenhage.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moleman
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Clinical Psychiatric Research's Gravenhage.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hartong
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Clinical Psychiatric Research's Gravenhage.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hoogduin
authors.affiliation: 4Bureau Beta,Nijmegen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Broekman
authors.affiliation: 1Institute for Clinical Psychiatric Research's Gravenhage.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nolen