title: Current status and future of clinical islet xenotransplantation.
abstract: β-Cell replacement therapy, including allogeneic pancreas and islet transplantation, can normalize HbA1c levels in unstable type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, but a donor shortage is a serious issue. To overcome this problem, xenotransplantation is an attractive option. In fact, islet transplantation from porcine pancreata was performed in the 1990s, which opened the door for islet xenotransplantation, but the possibility of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infection was raised, which has restricted progress in this field. The International Xenotransplantation Association published a consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in T1D to restart islet xenotransplantation safely. Clinical porcine islet xenotransplantation was restarted under comprehensive regulations in New Zealand. In addition, newly emerged gene-editing technologies have activated the xenotransplantation field. Islet xenotransplantation is becoming a clinical reality, with the results of recent studies showing promise to advance this field.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Naruto, Japan.|Islet Transplantation Project National Institute for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Naruto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Naruto, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sawamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000601:surgery*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013552:Swine; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
keywords: International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement; encapsulation; islet xenotransplantation; porcine endogenous retrovirus; porcine islets; 国际异种移植协会共识声明; 封装; 异种胰岛移植; 猪内源性逆转录病毒; 猪胰岛