title: Evaluation of long-term side effects after shock-wave lithotripsy for renal calculi using a third generation electromagnetic lithotripter.
abstract: To assess the incidence of long-term side effects after shock-wave lithotripsy treatment performed with an electromagnetic Dornier Lithotripter S device. A specific follow-up was undertaken on a cohort of 100 selected patients that underwent SWL for a single renal stone in our center from 2002 to 2004. Previous and current data were compared using the Student t test. Factors associated with the incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were determined. Ten years after treatment, mean serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate remained similar to previous values (serum creatinine level: 0.96 ± 0.22 vs. 0.92 ± 0.19 mg/dL; glomerular filtration rate: 92.8 ± 17.8 vs. 88.1 ± 21.7 mL/min). There were marked increases in blood cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels, while smoking decreased. Age, glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, blood glucose and blood pressure at the time of treatment were significantly associated with the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus at follow-up; blood cholesterol was associated with diabetes mellitus development. After 10 years, overall renal function appeared to have been unaffected by shock-wave lithotripsy treatment. The increased rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were consistent with the incidence in the global population. This is the first report on the long-term safety of a third generation electromagnetic lithotripter, and indicates that there are no long-term sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy. gmo.pirola@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giacomo Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pirola
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Micali
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sighinolfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Territo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puliatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Kidney calculi; Lithotripsy; Time