title: Association between elimination disorders and abusive maternal attitudes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enuresis and encopresis, both conditions are very distressful to children and their family members and it is responsible for significant social and psychological consequences in children and adolescents. The present study aims to determine the rate of abusive maternal attitudes towards children and adolescents with elimination disorders (EDs) and to investigate the maternal psychological and socio-cultural factors associated with abusive parenting attitudes.
  
  
  METHODS
  N = 180 children with ED were included in the study. Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) were administered to mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicated that prevalence of abusive maternal attitudes in our sample was 73.8%. Children and adolescents with ED who live with low-educated parents (p = 0.008), low socio economic status (p = 0.014), and in cases with living in a large or divorced family (p = 0.014), disorganized or chaotic families can be considered a population at risk (p < 0.05), since it is more likely that they suffer more severe abusive maternal attitudes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present study showed high rates of abusive parenting attitudes in cases of EDs in a sample of Turkish children and adolescents. Further research on the etiological and therapeutic importance of the family in the case of ED referred to a psychiatry clinic should be carried out.
authors.affiliation: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Electronic address: ahmethamdialpaslan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmet Hamdi
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alpaslan
authors.affiliation: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koçak
authors.affiliation: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadriye
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.affiliation: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil Ibrahim
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Güzel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004243:Divorce; D004522:Educational Status; D019960:Elimination Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D054541:Family Conflict; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D012923:Social Class; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Abusive maternal attitudes; Adolescent; Children; Encopresis; Enuresis