title: Real-Time In Vivo Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer Bone-Marrow Micrometastasis Development at the Cellular Level in Nude Mice.
abstract: In the present report, we demonstrate in vivo fluorescence imaging of bone-marrow micrometastasis of prostate cancer at the cellular level in nude mice. PC-3 human prostate cancer cells labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP) were injected into the left ventricle or intratibial bone marrow of nude mice. PC-3-GFP, as well as selected high metastatic variants of PC-3-GFP, PC-3-GFP-BM6 or PC-3-RFP were visualized by real-time fluorescence imaging, to traffic and grow in the bone marrow. Formation of bone marrow micrometastasis could be imaged at the single-cell level in live mice, using confocal microscopy. The ability to track bone marrow micrometastasis in real time at the cellular level provides a visual target for evaluating new therapeutics for this recalcitrant disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2533-2537, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toneri
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Shuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California. all@anticancer.com.|Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. all@anticancer.com.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: BONE METASTASIS; FLUORESCENCE CELLULAR IMAGING; GFP; PC-3; PROSTATE CANCER; RFP