title: Neighborhood Context and Binge Drinking by Race and Ethnicity in New York City.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neighborhood context is associated with binge drinking and has significant health, societal, and economic costs. Both binge drinking and neighborhood context vary by race and ethnicity. We examined the relations between neighborhood characteristics--neighborhood norms that are accepting of drunkenness, collective efficacy, and physical disorder--and binge drinking, with a focus on examining race and ethnic-specific relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondent data were collected through 2005 random digit-dial-telephone survey for a representative sample of New York City residents; neighborhood data were based on the 2005 New York City Housing and Vacancy Survey. Participants were 1,415 past-year drinkers; Whites (n = 877), Blacks (n = 292), and Hispanics (n = 246). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate population average models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the overall sample, neighborhood norms that were more accepting of drunkenness were associated with greater binge drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.37); collective efficacy and physical disorder were not significant. However, when examining this by race/ethnicity, greater collective efficacy (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.91) and greater physical disorder (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.93) were associated with less binge drinking for Whites only. Neighborhood norms that were more accepting of drunkenness were associated with binge drinking among Whites (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.38) and, while not significant (perhaps due to power), the associations were similar for Hispanics (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.83, 1.68) and slightly lower for Blacks (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, results suggest that neighborhood characteristics and binge drinking are shaped, in part, by factors that vary across race/ethnicity. Thus, disaggregating data by race/ethnicity is important in understanding binge drinking behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology , University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keyes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000208:ethnology; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Binge Drinking; Collective Efficacy; Ethnic Differences; Neighborhood Norms; Physical Disorder; Racial