title: Vitamin D and incident urinary incontinence in older adults.
abstract: The aim of this study is to determine whether vitamin D status is associated with incident urinary incontinence (UI) among community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  
  The University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging is a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling Medicare enrollees. Standardized assessment of UI was conducted using the validated Incontinence Severity Index. The analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels was performed on stored baseline sera. UI was assessed every 6-12 months for up to 42 months. The analyses included multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  
  Of 350 participants (175 male, 147 black, mean age 73.6±5.8), 54% (189/350) were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D <20 ng/ml) and 25% (87/350) were vitamin D insufficient (25(OH)D: 20 ng/ml to <30 ng/ml). Among the 187 subjects with no UI at baseline, 57% (107/187) were vitamin D deficient and 24% (45/187) were vitamin D insufficient. A total of 175 of the 187 subjects had follow-up evaluation for incident UI over 42 months, and incident UI occurred in 37% (65/175). After adjustment, cumulative incident UI at 42 months was associated with baseline vitamin D insufficiency (P=0.03) and demonstrated a trend association with deficiency (P=0.07). There was no association between baseline vitamin D status and the time to incident UI.
  
  
  
  These preliminary results support an association between vitamin D and incident UI in community-dwelling older adults. Future studies may target specific at-risk groups, such as men with BPH or women with pelvic floor disorders for evaluation of the impact of vitamin D supplementation on urinary symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.|Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.|Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Vin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tangpricha
authors.affiliation: Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.|Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motahar-Ford
authors.affiliation: Birmingham/Atlanta GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.affiliation: Birmingham/Atlanta GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Burgio
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Geriatrics and Extended Care, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Allman
authors.affiliation: Birmingham/Atlanta GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Daigle
authors.affiliation: Birmingham/Atlanta GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, USA.|School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Redden
authors.affiliation: Birmingham/Atlanta GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Markland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000407:Alabama; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D