title: Correlation between indexes of autonomic maneuvers and heart rate variability in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: The autonomic maneuvers are simple methods to evaluate autonomic balance, but the association between autonomic maneuvers and heart rate variability (HRV) in hemodialysis patients remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HRV and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and Valsalva maneuver (VM) indexes in hemodialysis patients and to compare two methods for RSA indexes acquisitions.
  
  
  
  Forty-eight volunteers on hemodialysis (66.7 % men) were evaluated by VM, RSA, and 24 h Holter monitoring. At the VM, the Valsalva index (VI) was the variable considered. In the RSA, the ratio and difference between the RR intervals of inspiratory and expiratory phase (E:I and E-I, respectively) were considered by traditional form (average of respiratory cycles) and independent respiratory cycles (E:Iindep and E-Iindep). The HRV indexes evaluated were standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of sequential 5-min RR interval means (SDANN), root mean square of the successive differences (rMSSD) and percentage of adjacent RR intervals with difference of duration greater than 50 ms (pNN50).
  
  
  
  The SDNN, SDANN showed significant correlation with all classic indexes of RSA (E:I: r = 0.62, 0.55, respectively, E-I: r = 0.64, 0.57, respectively), E:Iindep (r = 0.59, 0.54, respectively), E-Iindep (r = 0.47, 0.43, respectively) and VI (r = 0.42, 0.34, respectively). Significant correlation of rMSSD with E:I (r = 0.37), E-I (r = 0.41) and E:Iindep (r = 0.34) was also observed. There was no association of any variable with pNN50. Have been show high values for all variables of independent cycles method (p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  The autonomic maneuvers, especially RSA, are useful methods to evaluate cardiac autonomic function in hemodialysis patients. The acquisition of the RSA index by independent cycles should not be used in this population.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory (LABCAR), Physical Therapy School, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39.100-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Felipe Delmondes
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory (LABCAR), Physical Therapy School, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39.100-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, 5º andar, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30.130-100, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique Silveira
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory (LABCAR), Physical Therapy School, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39.100-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen Marina Alves
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory (LABCAR), Physical Therapy School, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39.100-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo Lemos
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Guião
authors.affiliation: Hemodialysis Unit of the Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina Hospital, Rua da Caridade 106, centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico Lopes
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Hemodialysis Unit of the Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina Hospital, Rua da Caridade 106, centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emílio Henrique
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.affiliation: Hemodialysis Unit of the Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina Hospital, Rua da Caridade 106, centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Gomes
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Brandao
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory (LABCAR), Physical Therapy School, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39.100-000, Brazil. phsfig@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique Scheidt
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000076103:Biological Variation, Individual; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D065809:Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Autonomic nervous system; Heart rate variability; Hemodialysis; Respiratory sinus arrhythmia; Valsalva maneuver