title: Pyruvate Kinase M2: A Novel Biomarker for the Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury.
abstract: The identification of biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) is clinically important. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients is closely associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), are frequently used to diagnose AKI. However, these biomarkers increase only after significant structural damage has occurred. Recent efforts have focused on identification and validation of new noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of AKI, prior to extensive structural damage. Furthermore, AKI biomarkers can provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of this complex and heterogeneous disease. Our previous study suggested that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which is excreted in the urine, is a sensitive biomarker for nephrotoxicity. To appropriately and optimally utilize PKM2 as a biomarker for AKI requires its complete characterization. This review highlights the major studies that have addressed the diagnostic and prognostic predictive power of biomarkers for AKI and assesses the potential usage of PKM2 as an early biomarker for AKI. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of biomarkers and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AKI. This review will elucidate the biological basis of specific biomarkers that will contribute to improving the early detection and diagnosis of AKI.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ye Rim
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Sub
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Aree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Mu
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Biomarker; Pyruvate kinase M2