title: Meibomian gland dysfunction and tear cytokines after cataract surgery according to preoperative meibomian gland status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the possible mechanisms by which cataract surgery aggravates meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), we evaluated the changes in tear cytokines and ocular surface parameters after cataract surgery according to the preoperative MGD grade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 eyes from 50 patients who underwent cataract surgery were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were classified into two groups: Group I had no or minimal MGD, and group II had grades 2-4 MGD. Ocular surface parameters were measured, including tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test, ocular surface staining and Ocular Surface Disease Index, and tear cytokine levels were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcomes were changes in ocular surface parameters and inflammatory tear cytokine concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group II, preoperative MGD grade, ocular surface staining, tear film break-up time and Ocular Surface Disease Index were worse, and mean interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were higher than those of group I. MGD and ocular surface parameters were worsened to a greater degree after surgery in group II than in group I (P < 0.050). In group II, IL-6 and TNF-α levels significantly increased at postoperative 1 month, and there were significant correlations between changes in ocular surface parameters and tear cytokines (IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α; P < 0.050).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent to which the MGD grade was aggravated following cataract surgery differed based on preoperative MGD grade. Preoperative MGD and ocular surface status should be carefully evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Ophthalmology, Inha Vision Science Laboratory, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Im
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eung Kweon
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. seoky@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Kyoung Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005136:Eye Proteins; C042434:tear proteins
keywords: cataract surgery; interleukin-6; meibomian gland dysfunction; tear cytokine