title: Cancer Cell Internalization of Gold Nanostars Impacts Their Photothermal Efficiency In Vitro and In Vivo: Toward a Plasmonic Thermal Fingerprint in Tumoral Environment.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles are prime candidates for cancer thermotherapy. However, while the ultimate target for nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy is the cancer cell, heating performance has not previously been evaluated in the tumoral environment. A systematic investigation of gold nanostar heat-generating efficiency in situ is presented: not only in cancer cells in vitro but also after intratumoral injection in vivo. It is demonstrated that (i) in aqueous dispersion, heat generation is governed by particle size and exciting laser wavelength; (ii) in cancer cells in vitro, heat generation is still very efficient, but irrespective of both particle size and laser wavelength; and (iii) heat generation by nanostars injected into tumors in vivo evolves with time, as the nanostars are trafficked from the extracellular matrix into endosomes. The plasmonic heating response thus serves as a signature of nanoparticle internalization in cells, bringing the ultimate goal of nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy a step closer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Amanda K A
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: BioNanoPlasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Iglesias
authors.affiliation: BioNanoPlasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.|Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grzelczak
authors.affiliation: GABI, INRA - MIMA2-MET, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Péchoux
authors.affiliation: LISA, CNRS UMR 7583, Université Paris-Diderot et Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61, av du Général de Gaulles, 94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Desboeufs
authors.affiliation: BioNanoPlasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.|Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018, Aragon, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Liz-Marzán
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010789:Phototherapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
keywords: gold nanostars; heating efficiency; in situ measurements; nanoparticle cell internalization; photothermal therapy