title: A Review of Molecular Predictors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.
abstract: Locally advanced, muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (MIBC) may be definitively treated with either radiotherapy or radical cystectomy (RC) with urinary diversion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is typically administered prior to treatment with either modality. Receiving NAC prior to RC might confer a survival advantage compared to undergoing RC alone. However, its usefulness has been questioned due to concerns about over treatment and toxicity. Having the ability to predict whether individual patients would benefit from or be harmed by NAC would be an important tool in precision medicine. Unfortunately, to date no prognostic or predictive molecular markers have been validated for this purpose. In this manuscript, we review the current state of molecular markers in MIBC treatment and outline how recent advances in whole-genome sequencing may soon improve the selection of precisely targeted therapeutics for the benefit of individual patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Degener
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States.
authors.forename: Ramy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Helios Medical Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gödde
authors.affiliation: Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tandogdu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.|Department of Urology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Friedrich-Carl
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: von Rundstedt
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: Chemotherapy; molecular markers; prognosis; targeted therapy; urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.