title: An In vitro Model for Bacterial Growth on Human Stratum Corneum.
abstract: The diversity and dynamics of the skin microbiome in health and disease have been studied recently, but adequate model systems to study skin microbiotas in vitro are largely lacking. We developed an in vitro system that mimics human stratum corneum, using human callus as substrate and nutrient source for bacterial growth. The growth of several commensal and pathogenic bacterial strains was measured for up to one week by counting colony-forming units or by quantitative PCR with strain-specific primers. Human skin pathogens were found to survive amidst a minimal microbiome consisting of 2 major skin commensals: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. In addition, complete microbiomes, taken from the backs of healthy volunteers, were inoculated and maintained using this system. This model may enable the modulation of skin microbiomes in vitro and allow testing of pathogens, biological agents and antibiotics in a medium-throughput format.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. danique.vanderkrieken@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Danique A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: van der Krieken
authors.forename: Thomas H A
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ederveen
authors.forename: Sacha A F T
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: van Hijum
authors.forename: Patrick A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Willem J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Melchers
authors.forename: Paul T J
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schalkwijk
authors.forename: Patrick L J M
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Zeeuwen
mesh_terms: D002146:Bony Callus / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D064307:Microbiota; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D013234:Stem Cells; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013752:Tetracycline