title: Classifying patients in peritoneal dialysis by mass spectrometry-based profiling.
abstract: Protein equalization with dithiothreitol, protein depletion with acetonitrile and the entire proteome were assessed in conjunction with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry-based profiling for a fast and effective classification of patients with renal insufficiency. Two case groups were recruited as proof of concept, patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. Two key tools were used to develop this approach: protein concentration with centrifugal concentrator tubes with 10 KDa cut-off membranes and chemical assisted protein equalization with dithiothreitol or chemical assisted protein depletion with acetonitrile. In-house developed software was used to apply principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to the profiles obtained. The results suggest that chemical assisted protein equalization with dithiothreitol is a methodology more robust than the other two ones, as the patients were well grouped by principal component analysis or by hierarchical clustering.
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Garcia da Orta, Almada, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magriço
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Garcia da Orta, Almada, Portugal.
authors.lastname: Teixeira e Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Garcia da Orta, Almada, Portugal.
authors.forename: Aura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: SING Group, Informatics Department, Higher Technical School of Computer Engineering, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reboiro-Jato
authors.affiliation: SING Group, Informatics Department, Higher Technical School of Computer Engineering, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
authors.forename: Florentino
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fdez-Riverola
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lodeiro
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Capelo
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. Electronic address: hms14862@fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: Hugo Miguel
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006801:Humans; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Hierarchical clustering; MALDI; Mass spectrometry; PCA; Peritoneal dialysate; Profiling