title: Putting pressure on aromaticity along with in situ experimental electron density of a molecular crystal.
abstract: When pressure is applied, the molecules inside a crystal undergo significant changes of their stereoelectronic properties. The most interesting are those enhancing the reactivity of systems that would be otherwise rather inert at ambient conditions. Before a reaction can occur, however, a molecule must be activated, which means destabilized. In aromatic compounds, molecular stability originates from the resonance between two electronic configurations. Here we show how the resonance energy can be decreased in molecular crystals on application of pressure. The focus is on syn-1,6:8,13-Biscarbonyl[14]annulene, an aromatic compound at ambient conditions that gradually localizes one of the resonant configurations on compression. This phenomenon is evident from the molecular geometries measured at several pressures and from the experimentally determined electron density distribution at 7.7 GPa; the observations presented in this work are validated by periodic DFT calculations.
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute, WLGA/229, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.affiliation: Diamond light source Ltd., Harwell Science and innovation Campus, Didcot OX110DE, UK.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleppe
authors.affiliation: Institute for Study of the Earth's interior, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jephcoat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-9825
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macchi