title: Effects of different metabolic states and surgical models on glucose metabolism and secretion of ileal L-cell peptides: protocol for a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are increasing worldwide, reaching pandemic proportions. The understanding of the role of functional restriction and gut hormones can be a beneficial tool in treating obesity and diabetes. However, the exact hormonal profiles in different metabolic states and surgical models are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HIPER-1 Study is a single-centre cross-sectional study in which 240 patients (in different metabolic states and surgical models) will receive an oral mixed-meal tolerance test (OMTT). At baseline and after 30, 60 and 120 min, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide 1 levels and glucose and insulin sensitivity will be measured. The primary end point of the study will be the area under the glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY curves after the OMTT. Secondary study end points will include examination of the difference in plasma levels of the distal ileal hormones in subjects with various health statuses and in patients who have been treated with different surgical techniques.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  An independent ethics committee, the Institutional Review Board of Istanbul Sisli Kolan International Hospital, Turkey, has approved the study protocol. Dissemination will occur via publication, national and international conference presentations, and exchanges with regional, provincial and national stakeholders.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02532829; Pre-results.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Neurotransmitters, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjaak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pouwels
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahri Onur
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih Can
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Weight Loss & Metabolic Control, Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Adarsh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paolo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery, Kirloskar Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Surendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ugale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D019894:Peptide YY; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: Metabolic surgery; bariatric surgery; glucose metabolism; ileal L-cell peptides