title: MR thermometry near metallic devices using multispectral imaging.
abstract: The lack of a technique for MR thermometry near metal excludes a growing patient population from promising treatments such as MR-guided focused ultrasound therapy. Here we explore the feasibility of multispectral imaging (MSI) for noninvasive temperature measurement in the presence of strong field inhomogeneities by exploiting the temperature dependency of the T1relaxation time.
  
  
  
  A two-dimensional inversion-recovery-prepared MSI pulse sequence (2DMSI) was implemented for artifact-reduced T1mapping near metal. A series of T1maps was acquired in a metallic implant phantom while increasing the phantom temperature. The measured change in T1was analyzed with respect to the phantom temperature. For comparison, proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) thermometry was performed.
  
  
  
  2DMSI achieved artifact-reduced, single-slice T1mapping in the presence of strong off-resonance with a spatial resolution of 1.9 mm in-plane and a temporal resolution of 5 min. The maps enabled temperature measurements over a range of 30°C with an uncertainty below 1.4°C. The quality of the resulting temperature maps was independent of the distance from the metal, whereas the PRFS-based temperature measurements were increasingly impaired with increasing off-resonance.
  
  
  
  We demonstrated the ability to noninvasively measure temperature near metal using MSI and the T1temperature sensitivity. Magn Reson Med 77:1162-1169, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Taviani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Daehyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghanouni
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kim Butts
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013696:Temperature; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: T1 mapping; distortion correction; metal artifacts; metal-induced distortions; metallic implants; multispectral imaging; proton resonance frequency shift; susceptibility artifact; temperature; thermometry