title: Fructooligosaccharide raftilose reduces the mycophenolate mofetil-induced complications: Hematological and biochemical alterations.
abstract: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a selective inhibitor of Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances in immature ones are reported for MMF-induced compilations, which in the case of occurrence dose reduction is required. Thus, in the present study, the fructooligosaccharide raftilose(®) (RFT) was co-administrated with MMF to estimate the protective effect of RFT against MMF-induced GI complications. Thirty six immature male Wistar rats were divided into six groups including: Control (normal saline), RFT-treated (100 mg kg(-1)), MMF-treated (20 mg kg(-1)), MMF + LRFT (50 mg kg(-1)), MMF + MRFT (100 mg kg(-1)) and MMF + HRFT (200 mg kg(-1)) groups. The hematocrit (Hct), lymphocyte/total WBC, feces water content and pH were analyzed. Moreover, the hepatic functional tests, kidney-related biomarkers, lipid and protein profiles, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were assessed. Co-administration of RFT stabilized the MMF-reduced body weight. The MMF significantly diminished Hct and lymph/total WBC (p < 0.05). Only MRFT enhanced the lymphocyte/total WBC. Increased water content, no changes in feces pH, increased serum ALT and AST, no alteration in urea and mild enhancement in creatinine were demonstrated in MMF-received animals. However, RFT at low dose ameliorated the feces parameters and reduced ALT. No significant changes were demonstrated for serum lipid and protein profiles in MMF- and RFT + MMF-treated groups. The RFT enhanced the serum TAC, reduced MDA and NO contents. In conclusion, our data suggested that RFT could be considered as an effective agent to subsidize the MMF-induced clinical, hematological and biochemical disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malekinejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sasani
keywords: Fructooligosaccharide; Hematology; Mycophenolate mofetil; Oxidative stress