title: Murine models of cardiovascular comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, COPD patients with atherosclerosis (i.e., the most important underlying cause of CVD) receive COPD therapy complemented with standard CVD therapy. This may, however, not be the most optimal treatment. To investigate the link between COPD and atherosclerosis and to develop specific therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with atherosclerosis, a substantial number of preclinical studies using murine models have been performed. In this review, we summarize the currently used murine models of COPD and atherosclerosis, both individually and combined, and discuss the relevance of these models for studying the pathogenesis and development of new treatments for COPD patients with atherosclerosis. Murine and clinical studies have provided complementary information showing a prominent role for systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the link between COPD and atherosclerosis. These and other studies showed that murine models for COPD and atherosclerosis are useful tools and can provide important insights relevant to understanding the link between COPD and CVD. More importantly, murine studies provide good platforms for studying the potential of promising (new) therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and p.p.s.j.khedoe@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: P Padmini S J
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Khedoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick C N
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jimmy F P
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Berbée
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands;
authors.forename: Pieter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: cardiovascular disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mouse models