title: [Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, their endogenous regulators, and angiotensin-converting enzyme in cervical squamous cell carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate the specific features of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloptoteinase 2 (TIMP-2), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The samples of tumor tissue and morphologically normal tissue adjacent to the tumor were investigated. Enzymatic assays applying specific substrates, as well as zymographic and immunohistochemical studies were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The invasive potential of CSCC has been established to be substantially influenced by the increased expression of MMP-9 and uPA and by the decreased expression of TIMP-2, as well as to a lesser extent by a change in MMP-2 expression. MMP-9 may serve as a marker for invasive growth. Enhanced ACE activity in cancer confirms the involvement of this enzyme in tumor progression. The morphologically normal tissue adjacent to the tumor shows the substantial expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and in some cases the enhanced activity of uPA and ACE, which makes an additional contribution to the increased invasive potential of tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are important in understanding the mechanisms of cancer progression and may affect therapeutic strategies for the patient.
authors.affiliation: V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Timoshenko
authors.affiliation: V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kugaevskaya
authors.affiliation: V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gureeva
authors.affiliation: Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Zavalishina
authors.affiliation: Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Yu Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.affiliation: V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Solovуeva
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9