title: Association of exposure to benzene and smoking with oxidative damage to nucleic acids by means of biological monitoring of general population volunteers.
abstract: In this study, the validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) isotopic dilution method for the determination of benzene and nicotine metabolites in urine was carried out. Limit of detection are 0.026 μg/L for S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), 0.55 μg/L for t,t-muconic acid (t,t-MA), and 12.41 μg/L for the cotinine, and the relative combined uncertainty was also calculated. The study involves 446 healthy volunteer residents since at least 10 years in an area of central Italy. SPMA resulted to be strongly correlated with cotinine (p = 0.75), its concentration in smokers (93) being about ten times than in non/ex-smokers (197/156), while the t,t-MA of smokers is about twice the non/ex-smokers value. A cutoff value for the definition of smoker is set at 100 μg/g creat. Oxidative stress was studied in smokers and non- and ex-smokers by means of the determination of the biomarkers 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), and 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua): no significant differences were found between smokers and non/ex-smokers, but when subjects are classified according to the cotinine cutoff value, a correlation in smokers' urinary 8-oxodGuo is found with SPMA and cotinine (p = 0.60 and p = 0.57). Results were confirmed by chemometric analysis that also identified the experimental variables most contributing the discrimination as cotinine and t,t-MA.
authors.affiliation: INAIL, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Research Area of Monte Porzio Catone, Via di Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy. g.tranfo@inail.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-6046
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tranfo
authors.affiliation: INAIL, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Research Area of Monte Porzio Catone, Via di Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pigini
authors.affiliation: INAIL, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Research Area of Monte Porzio Catone, Via di Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paci
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.affiliation: INAIL, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Research Area of Monte Porzio Catone, Via di Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bonanni
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine; D000328:Adult; D001554:Benzene / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012907:Smoking; D013011:Sorbic Acid; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014838:Volunteers
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D001554:Benzene; D000111:Acetylcysteine; D013011:Sorbic Acid
keywords: 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine; 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine; 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine; Biomonitoring; HPLC-MS/MS; S-Phenylmercapturic acid; Urinary cotinine; t,t-Muconic acid