title: Eosinophilic oesophagitis in children: an uncommon occurrence in a predominantly Chinese population in Singapore.
abstract: We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) in children who presented to a tertiary care hospital in Singapore.
  
  
  
  We conducted a retrospective review of all oesophageal biopsies taken during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) from March 2010 to December 2011. The patients' demographics and clinical characteristics were collected. Biopsies were reviewed by a single pathologist who was blinded to the original reports, using the current consensus criteria for the histological diagnosis of EoE.
  
  
  
  Of the 88 children who had biopsies during OGD, 4 (4.5%) children (three boys, one girl; three Chinese, one Caucasian) were diagnosed with EoE. Their median age was 9.5 (range 4.0-12.0) years. The main clinical presentations were abdominal pain (in the three older children) and vomiting (in the youngest child). Three children had a history of atopy. Three children were diagnosed with EoE in the original histology reports, while one was diagnosed after the second review following histology demonstrating > 15 eosinophil granulocytes per high power field and microabscess formation. Endoscopy findings revealed oesophagitis in two children, one of whom was already on acid suppression therapy. Although three children were started on acid suppression therapy, they continued to be symptomatic. One child was also treated with swallowed fluticasone and two with food allergen avoidance, resulting in symptom improvement.
  
  
  
  Although EoE is uncommon in Singapore, greater awareness is needed among family physicians and general paediatricians. Paediatric gastroenterologists should alert pathologists when sending biopsy specimens that are suspicious for EoE.
authors.affiliation: Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
authors.forename: Li Nien Michelle
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.|Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Seng Hock
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Quak
authors.affiliation: Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.|Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Marion M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Aw
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D057765:Eosinophilic Esophagitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
keywords: biopsies; children; eosinophilic oesophagitis; oesophagogastroduodenoscopy