title: Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: A review.
abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an effective technology for the inactivation of pathogens in water and is of growing interest for industrial application. A new UV source - ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) - has emerged in the past decade with a number of advantages compared to traditional UV mercury lamps. This promising alternative raises great interest in the research on application of UV-LEDs for water treatment. Studies on UV-LED water disinfection have increased during the past few years. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent studies on UV-LEDs with various wavelengths for the inactivation of different microorganisms. Many inconsistent and incomparable data were found from published studies, which underscores the importance of establishing a standard protocol for studying UV-LED inactivation of microorganisms. Different UV sensitivities to UV-LEDs and traditional UV lamps were observed in the literature for some microorganisms, which requires further investigation for a better understanding of microorganism response to UV-LEDs. The unique aspects of UV-LEDs improve inactivation effectiveness by applying LED special features, such as multiple wavelengths and pulsed illumination; however, more studies are needed to investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms. The special features of UV-LEDs offer the flexibility of novel reactor designs for a broad application of UV-LED reactors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Madjid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohseni
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Electronic address: fariborz.taghipour@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taghipour
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000528:radiation effects; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000528:radiation effects; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Inactivation effectiveness; UV disinfection; Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED); Water treatment