title: Feasibility of Using Tetrax Biofeedback Video Games for Balance Training in Patients With Chronic Hemiplegic Stroke.
abstract: Decreased weight bearing on the affected lower limb and poor weight shifting are common after a stroke occurs. The Tetrax biofeedback system is a center-of-pressure controlled video game system designed for patients with balance deficits. Although it is a commercial product, information about its clinical use for patients affected by stroke is limited.
  
  
  
  To investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of the Tetrax biofeedback system for balance training in patients with chronic stroke.
  
  
  
  Feasibility study.
  
  
  
  Rehabilitation department of a medical center.
  
  
  
  Participants who had sustained a hemiplegic stroke at least 6 months prior to enrollment but were still able to stand independently for more than 5 minutes.
  
  
  
  Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). All participants received conventional rehabilitation training. The IG also received 20 minutes of exposure to Tetrax biofeedback games controlled by change in center of pressure 3 times a week for 6 weeks.
  
  
  
  The primary outcome was feasibility, addressed by adherence, safety, and satisfaction. The secondary outcome was efficacy, which was evaluated by the subtests of physiological profile assessment, posturography, Timed Up and Go, and Forward Reach tests. We used percentage change (post-training score - pretraining score/pretraining score) to quantify the intervention effects. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze differences in percentage of change between groups.
  
  
  
  A total of 14 participants were assigned to the IG, and 13 were assigned to the CG; 12 participants in the IG and 11 in the CG completed the study. In the IG group, those who completed the 6-week intervention attended 89.5% of planned sessions. No major adverse events or falls occurred within the intervention sessions. With use of 5-point Likert scales, participants rated their enjoyment of Tetrax games as 4.33 ± 0.78, their motivation as 4.17 ± 1.03, and perceived helpfulness as 4.25 ± 0.97. The IG demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in reaction time (P = .002), proprioception (P < .001), symmetric weight bearing (P = .027), Timed Up and Go (P < .001), and Forward Reach (P < .001) compared with the CG.
  
  
  
  Using Tetrax biofeedback video games for balance training is a feasible adjunctive program that may augment conventional therapy in persons affected by chronic hemiplegic stroke.
  
  
  
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jen-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ku-Chou
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, Exercise and Health Science Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hsuei-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yen-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Po-Chih
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D006429:Hemiplegia; D006801:Humans; D004856:Postural Balance; D020521:Stroke; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018910:Video Games