title: Nanoparticles in radiation oncology: From bench-side to bedside.
abstract: Nanoparticles (NP) are "in vogue" in medical research. Pre-clinical studies accumulate evidence of NP enhancing radiation therapy. On one hand, NP, selected for their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, are radio-sensitizers. Thus, when NP accumulate in cancer cells, they increase the radiation absorption coefficient specifically in tumour tissue, sparing healthy surrounding tissue from toxicity. On the other hand, NP, by being drug vectors, can carry radio-sensitizer therapeutics to cancer cells. Finally, NP present theranostic effects. Indeed they are used in imaging as contrast agents. NP therefore can be multi-tasking and have promising prospect in radiotherapy field. In spite of the numerous encouraging preclinical evidence, the very small number of clinical trials investigating NP possible involvement in the radiotherapy clinical practice suggests a physicians' unwillingness. Many prerequisites seem necessary including define biological mechanisms of NP radiosensitization pathways and of NP clearance. NP biocompatibility and toxicities should be better investigated to select, among the extensive range of possible systems, the harmless and most efficient one, and to finally come to a safe and successful clinical use. The present review focuses on the various interests of NP in the radiotherapy area and proposes a discussion about their role in the future clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, St Priest en Jarez, France.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rancoule
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, St Priest en Jarez, France; Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon Medicine University, Lyon, France. Electronic address: nicolas.magne@icloire.fr.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magné
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, St Priest en Jarez, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vallard
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, St Priest en Jarez, France; Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon Medicine University, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.affiliation: Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon Medicine University, Lyon, France; Hospices-Civils-de-Lyon, Lyon Hospital, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Lafrasse
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer, Grand Paris, France; INSERM 1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer, Grand Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer, Grand Paris, France; Biological Effects of Radiations, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chargari
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018787:Radiation Oncology; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents
keywords: Clinical trials; Drug vector; Nanoparticles; Radio-sensitizer; Radiotherapy