title: Ratiometric Array of Conjugated Polymers-Fluorescent Protein Provides a Robust Mammalian Cell Sensor.
abstract: Supramolecular complexes of a family of positively charged conjugated polymers (CPs) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) create a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based ratiometric biosensor array. Selective multivalent interactions of the CPs with mammalian cell surfaces caused differential change in FRET signals, providing a fingerprint signature for each cell type. The resulting fluorescence signatures allowed the identification of 16 different cell types and discrimination between healthy, cancerous, and metastatic cells, with the same genetic background. While the CP-GFP sensor array completely differentiated between the cell types, only partial classification was achieved for the CPs alone, validating the effectiveness of the ratiometric sensor. The utility of the biosensor was further demonstrated in the detection of blinded unknown samples, where 121 of 128 samples were correctly identified. Notably, this selectivity-based sensor stratified diverse cell types in minutes, using only 2000 cells, without requiring specific biomarkers or cell labeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.|Department of Materials, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Subinoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: S Gokhan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Elci
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Rubul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mout
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Arvind K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Mahdieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.|Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology , 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase I, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Krishnendu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe H F
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Bunz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Jirik
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Vincent M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rotello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005453:Fluorescence; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000379:methods; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins