title: Raphanus sativus cv. Sango Sprout Juice Decreases Diet-Induced Obesity in Sprague Dawley Rats and Ameliorates Related Disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is recognized as a leading global health problem, correlated with an increased risk for several chronic diseases. One strategy for weight control management includes the use of vegetables rich in bioactive compounds to counteract weight gain, improve the antioxidant status and stimulate lipid catabolism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Raphanus sativus Sango sprout juice (SSJ), a Brassica extraordinarily rich in anthocyanins (AC) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), in a non-genetic model of obesity (high fat diet-HFD induced).
  
  
  METHODS
  Control groups were fed with HFD or regular diet (RD). After a 10-week period, animals were assigned to experimental units and treated by gavage for 28 days as follows: HFD and RD control groups (rats fed HFD or RD and treated with vehicle only) and HFD-treated groups (rats fed HFD and treated with 15, 75 or 150 mg/kg b.w. of SSJ). Body weight and food consumption were recorded and serum lipid profile was measured (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids). Hepatic phase-I, phase-II as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSJ lowered total cholesterol level, food intake and liver weight compared with HFD rodents. SSJ at medium dose proved effective in reducing body-weight (~19 g reduction). SSJ was effective in up-regulating the antioxidant enzymes catalase,
  quinone reductase, oxidised glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, which reached or exceeded RD levels, as well as the phase II metabolic enzyme UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (up to about 43%). HFD up-regulated almost every cytochrome P450 isoform tested, and a mild down-regulation to baseline was observed after SSJ intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work reveals, for the first time, the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and antiobesity potential of SSJ, suggesting its use as an efficient new functional food/nutraceutical product.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vivarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Canistro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sapone
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CRA-CIN), Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Gina Rosalinda
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Babot Marquillas
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CRA-CIN), Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ippazio Cosimo
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Antonazzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gentilini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Moreno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paolini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D031224:Raphanus / Q000737:chemistry; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015430:Weight Gain