title: ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA Can Identify High-Risk Single Autoantibody-Positive Relatives in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study.
abstract: Relatives with single positive islet autoantibodies have a much lower risk of progression to diabetes than those with multiple autoantibodies.
  
  
  
  TrialNet subjects positive for single autoantibody to insulin (mIAA) (n = 50) or single autoantibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) (n = 50) were analyzed using new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays (ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA, respectively) at their initial visit and longitudinally over time. Affinity assays were performed on a subset of single autoantibody-positive subjects at initial and most recent visits.
  
  
  
  After a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, 20 subjects developed type 1 diabetes. Among either single GADA or single mIAA subjects, those who were positive in the ECL assay showed higher affinity at the initial visit, and affinity results stayed consistent over time. No converting events from low to high or high to low affinity were seen over time.
  
  
  
  Confirmed positivity for ECL is associated with high affinity and can help staging of risk for type 1 diabetes in single autoantibody-positive subjects.
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Steck
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fouts
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Fran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sosenko
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.affiliation: 1 Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D049449:Luminescence; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase