title: A Diagnostic Dilemma: Similarity of Neuroradiological Findings in Central Nervous System Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Aspergillosis.
abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in the context of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is not uncommon. Given the immunosuppressive nature of HLH therapy, infectious complications are also seen. We describe a 9-year-old male who developed acute neurological decline secondary to aspergillosis while undergoing HLH therapy. The significant overlap observed in CNS neuroimaging of HLH and aspergillosis and the subtleties that may help differentiate the two are discussed. The importance of obtaining tissue for definitive diagnosis is underscored.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borders
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kurt
mesh_terms: D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging
keywords: aspergillus; central nervous system; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis