title: ADMA: a specific biomarker for pathologic progress in diabetic microvascular complications?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study highlights the role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), asymmetric demethylargine (ADMA) and N-ϵ-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) in different periods of progress in Type 2 diabetes, and identifies a pathomechanism-based biomarker that is linked not only to the metabolic progresses but also to the underlying angiopathic progresses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood samples from 100 healthy volunteers, 227 subjects with prediabetes, 173 subjects with Type 2 diabetes and 92 subjects with early diabetic microvascular complications were collected and analyzed for HbA1c, ADMA and CML.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to HbA1c and CML, ADMA is the strongest independent predictor and a significantly discriminative receiver operating characteristics profile, clearly distinguishing those with early diabetic microvascular complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADMA maybe serve as a pathomechanism-based biomarker, predicting the progression of microvascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Health, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Center of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Zilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.|Department & Institute of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Naifeng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008239:Lysine; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine
keywords: ADMA; CML; HbA1c; biomarker; microvascular complications