title: Longitudinal quantification of the gingival crevicular fluid proteome during progression from gingivitis to periodontitis in a canine model.
abstract: Inflammatory periodontal disease is widespread in dogs. This study evaluated site-specific changes in the canine gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteome during longitudinal progression from very mild gingivitis to mild periodontitis. Periodontitis diagnosis in dogs requires general anaesthesia with associated risks and costs; our ultimate aim was to develop a periodontitis diagnostic for application in conscious dogs. The objective of this work was to identify potential biomarkers of periodontal disease progression in dogs.
  
  
  
  Gingival crevicular fluid was sampled from a total of 10 teeth in eight dogs at three different stages of health/disease and samples prepared for quantitative mass spectrometry (data available via ProteomeXchange; identifier PXD003337). A univariate mixed model analysis determined significantly altered proteins between health states and six were evaluated by ELISA.
  
  
  
  Four hundred and six proteins were identified with 84 present in all samples. The prevalence of 40 proteins was found to be significantly changed in periodontitis relative to gingivitis. ELISA measurements confirmed that haptoglobin was significantly increased.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates for the first time that proteins detected by mass spectrometry have potential to identify novel biomarkers for canine periodontal disease. Further work is required to validate additional biomarkers for a periodontitis diagnostic.
authors.affiliation: The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Creese
authors.affiliation: The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Staunton
authors.affiliation: The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
authors.forename: Jujhar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atwal
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Iain L C
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1154-7266
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid; D005891:Gingivitis; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss; D010518:Periodontitis; D020543:Proteome
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: dog; gingivitis; inflammation; longitudinal; periodontitis; proteomics