title: Improved functionality of fermented milk is mediated by the synbiotic interaction between Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract and Lactobacillus gasseri strains.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the cooperative effect of selected Lactobacillus gasseri strains and Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) leaf extract in enhancing the health-promoting activities of fermented milk. Addition of CT increased total bacterial counts and proteolysis during fermentation of milk with L. gasseri strains. Antioxidant capacities were determined by measuring the ABTS, DPPH, and peroxyl radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing power. The antioxidant capacity of CT-supplemented milk was greater than that of milk without supplementation; moreover, the antioxidant activity of CT-supplemented milk was synergistically improved by fermentation with L. gasseri strains. In particular, CT-supplemented milk fermented by L. gasseri 505 showed the highest antioxidant activity. The phenolic compounds in CT, such as neo-chlorogenic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acid, were metabolized during fermentation with L. gasseri strains, and 3,4-dihydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid was produced as a fermentation metabolite. Moreover, the liberation of bioactive peptides of fermented milk was increased by the proteolytic activity of L. gasseri strains. In particular, six peptides, which were mainly derived from β-casein, were newly identified in this study. These findings suggest that L. gasseri strains metabolize the phenolic acids in the CT and the bioactive peptides released through this interaction improve the antioxidant activity of the fermented milk.
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 425-839, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Su
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 425-839, South Korea.|Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sangnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 425-839, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 425-839, South Korea.
authors.forename: Su Gyeong
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 425-839, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Kook
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea. ykeys2584@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Younghoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D043302:Cultured Milk Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005285:Fermentation; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D000069998:Lactobacillus gasseri / Q000378:metabolism*; D029586:Moraceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D058616:Synbiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002364:Caseins; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Cudrania tricuspidata; Lactobacillus gasseri; Milk peptide; Phenolics metabolism