title: Impact on Participation and Autonomy: Test of Validity and Reliability for Older Persons.
abstract: In research and healthcare it is important to measure older persons' self-determination in order to improve their possibilities to decide for themselves in daily life. The questionnaire Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) assesses self-determination, but is not constructed for older persons. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the IPA-S questionnaire for persons aged 70 years and older. The study was performed in two steps; first a validity test of the Swedish version of the questionnaire, IPA-S, followed by a reliability test-retest of an adjusted version. The validity was tested with focus groups and individual interviews on persons aged 77-88 years, and the reliability on persons aged 70-99 years. The validity test result showed that IPA-S is valid for older persons but it was too extensive and the phrasing of the items needed adjustments. The reliability test-retest on the adjusted questionnaire, IPA- Older persons (IPA-O), showed that 15 of 22 items had high agreement. IPA-O can be used to measure older persons' self-determination in their care and rehabilitation.
authors.forename: Isabelle Ottenvall
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Hammar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Vårdalinstitutet, The Swedish Institute for Health Sciences, Universities of Gothenburg and Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilhelmson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Vårdalinstitutet, The Swedish Institute for Health Sciences, Universities of Gothenburg and Lund, Sweden; Centre of Aging and Health-AGE-CAP, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kajsa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eklund
keywords: impact on participation and autonomy; occupational therapy; rehabilitation; self-determination; test-retest