title: Does folinic acid ameliorates retinoic acid induced teratogenicity in chick embryo?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of folinic acid on the hatching ability and developmental defects in a retinoic acid-induced teratogenic model of chick embryo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Regional Centre of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Islamabad, from February 2009 to February 2010. Chicken eggs were divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The first experimental group was injected with retinoic acid to induce a defective model, while the second experimental group was concomitantly injected folinic acid to observe its protective effects on retinoic acid-induced defects in the development and hatching process. Both groups were compared with the age-matched control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 90 fertilised eggs were divided into three groups. The experimental groups had significantly more delayed and assisted hatchings compared to the control group (p<0.05) but the difference between the experimental groups regarding the mode and day of hatching was insignificant (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrespective of the presence of folinic acid, prenatal retinoic acid exposure significantly altered the hatchability characteristics in the experimental groups compared to the control.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Westhill, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa Mexico, D.F.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan, Regional Centre, P.I.M.S, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Muhammad Yunus
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced*; D064793:Teratogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D014212:Tretinoin; D002955:Leucovorin
keywords: Retinoic acid, Chick embryo, Folinic acid, Hatching.