title: Stability of stereognosis after pediatric repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poor sensibility affecting stereognosis, the ability to discriminate objects without visual input, can potentiate disuse of the paretic limb following stroke. The purpose of this study was to examine potential change in stereognosis after intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stereognosis testing in a secondary subgroup of 10 children with hemiparesis and baseline stereognosis deficits (ages 11-16) after a 13-day clinical trial of real or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is reported. All children received 10 h of CIMT while wearing a cast full-time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-trial, 80% of participants from both intervention groups demonstrated improvement in stereognosis (95% CI: 44.4%-97.5%). Pre-trial to long-term follow-up (range: 21-57 months), 60% retained gains or improved (95% CI: 26.2%-87.8%). Between-group differences were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children demonstrated stereognosis change following intervention. Research on this change and potential minimal clinically important differences are indicated.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical School , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Tonya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical School , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.affiliation: b Biostatistician Clinical and Translational Science Institute , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menk
authors.affiliation: c Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Heest
authors.affiliation: d Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute, part of Allina Health , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krach
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical School , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical School , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Bernadette T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Gillick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000359:Aftercare; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013236:Stereognosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Constraint-induced movement therapy; hemiparesis; non-invasive brain stimulation; pediatrics; stroke; transcranial magnetic stimulation