title: Mood Stabilizers, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Defense in Euthymia of Bipolar Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hitherto literature indicates that mood stabilizers exert variable effects on oxidative and antioxidative systems, which are involved in the pathogenesis of Bipolar Disorder. Herein we primarily sought to characterize markers of peripheral oxidative stress during euthymia in adults with Bipolar Disorder under current intake of different mood stabilizers (lithium, anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics/AAPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral oxidative stress parameters (TBARS/Thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances, MDA/ malondialdehyde and carbonyl proteins) and antioxidative markers (SOD/Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, GST/glutathione Stransferase and TAC/total antioxidative capacity) were measured in serum of 115 euthymic bipolar individuals (50 females, 65 males; HAMD<11 and YMRS<8). Differences in (anti)oxidative markers between bipolar participants treated with different mood stabilizing medication were tested with MANCOVAS and ANCOVAS with SPSS.21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar individuals taking lithium had significantly lower oxidative parameters than test persons without lithium (multivariate effect for MDA and TBARS: F(2/182)= 3.956, p= 0.021; univariate effect for MDA: F(2/182)= 7.880, p= 0.006, Partial η2= 0.041). Subjects with AAPs had significantly higher MDA and TBARS levels compared to participants without AAPs (multivariate effect F(2/182)= 3.122, p= 0.046, Partial η2= 0.033). Patients taking anticonvulsants had significantly lower GST levels than patients without antiepileptic medication (F(1/165)= 4.501, p= 0.035, Partial η2= 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithium taking participants had the lowest MDA and TBARS levels, while AAP taking test persons had high oxidative stress markers. The observed effects on oxidative markers may provide a mechanistic basis for understanding lithium's neuroprotective effects.
authors.forename: Susanne A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bengesser
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, A-8036 Graz, Austria. Nina.Lackner@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Birner
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Platzer
authors.forename: Frederike T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Fellendorf
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Queissner
authors.forename: Kristijan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Filic
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reininghaus
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wallner-Liebmann
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mangge
authors.forename: Sieglinde
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zelzer
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kapfhammer
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Eva Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Reininghaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001317:Austria; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018021:Lithium Chloride