title: Electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves memory monitoring.
abstract: The ability to accurately monitor one's own memory is an important feature of normal memory function. Converging evidence from neuroimaging and lesion studies have implicated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in memory monitoring. Here we used high definition transcranial direct stimulation (HD-tDCS), a non-invasive form of brain stimulation, to test whether the DLPFC has a causal role in memory monitoring, and the nature of that role. We used a metamemory monitoring task, in which participants first attempted to recall the answer to a general knowledge question, then gave a feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgment, followed by a forced choice recognition task. When participants received DLPFC stimulation, their feeling-of-knowing judgments were better predictors of memory performance, i.e., they had better memory monitoring accuracy, compared to stimulation of a control site, the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). Effects of DLPFC stimulation were specific to monitoring accuracy, as there was no significant increase in memory performance, and if anything, there was poorer memory performance with DLPFC stimulation. Thus we have demonstrated a causal role for the DLPFC in memory monitoring, and showed that electrically stimulating the left DLPFC led people to more accurately monitor and judge their own memory.
authors.affiliation: Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States. Electronic address: echua@brooklyn.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States.
authors.forename: Rifat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Feeling-of-knowing; HD-tDCS; Memory; Metamemory; Prefrontal; tDCS