title: Acquired cholesteatoma epithelial hyperproliferation: Roles of cell proliferation signal pathways.
abstract: To review the recent cell proliferation signal pathways in the etiopathogenesis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.
  
  
  
  PubMed (to September 2015).
  
  
  
  Articles about cell proliferation signal pathways in the etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma and treatment advances were searched in the PubMed database, from which 73 were included in this review.
  
  
  
  The exact underlying cellular and molecular mechanism of acquired cholesteatoma still remains unknown. Recent research tends to regard the proliferation of cholesteatoma epithelial cells as the mechanism of cholesteatoma pathogenesis. Cell proliferation signal pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway, interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signal pathway, inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation-1/nuclear factor-κB/cyclinD1 signal pathway, microRNA-mediated proliferation signal pathway, and keratinocyte growth factor/keratinocyte growth factor receptor signal pathway have been proven to play important roles in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.
  
  
  
  This review outlines the main biological properties of certain cell proliferation signal pathways, aiming to facilitate the development of potential therapeutic targets for intratympanic drug therapy for the nonsurgical or complementary treatment of cholesteatoma.
  
  
  
  NA Laryngoscope, 126:1923-1930, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hongmiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Tuanfang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jihao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction
keywords: Cholesteatoma; cell proliferation; etiopathogenesis; therapy