title: Effect of Anesthesia Staffing Ratio on First-Case Surgical Start Time.
abstract: On time start of the first case of the day is an important operating room (OR) efficiency metric, in which delays can have effects throughout the day. Although previous studies have identified various causes of first case start delays, none have attempted to evaluate the effect anesthesia staffing ratios have on first case start times. We performed a single-center retrospective analysis at an academic teaching hospital. Data was collected and analyzed over a period of 4 years and on more than 8,700 cases. We examined whether staffing ratios of attending only (solo staffing ratio), attending working with 1 resident/certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) (1 to 1), or attending covering 2 residents/CRNAs (1 to 2) had a significant effect on first patient in room time (FPIR) and first case on time start (FCOTS). In addition, we examined whether staffing ratios had an effect on start times in various surgical subspecialties. We performed a univariate logistic regression analysis to determine if age, anesthesia base units, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) classification score, and staffing ratio was associated with FPIR and FCOTS being on time. Then, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine if staffing ratio was associated with these outcomes, utilizing age, anesthesia base units, and ASA PS class as covariates. A decreased odds for FPIR being on time were seen in general and orthopedic surgeries when staffed 1 to 1, and cardiac surgery when staffed 1 to 2, when compared to solo staffing. FCOTS showed statistically significant differences when looking at all services with solo staffing having the highest odds for FCOTS being on time. This effect was seen also when analyzing only oncologic and orthopedic surgeries. Hospitals should consider using different staffing ratios in different surgical specialties to minimize delays and maximize OR efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: York
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Bhavani S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kodali
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. rurman@partners.org.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Urman
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists; D009873:Operating Rooms / Q000458:organization & administration*; D061646:Operative Time; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010820:Physicians; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Anesthesia; Efficiency; Induction; Operating room; Staffing ratio