title: Various extraction methods for detection of bistrifluron residues in Asian pear using high-performance liquid chromatography: application to dissipation patterns under open-field conditions.
abstract: The present study was carried out to develop an analytical method for the detection and quantification of bistrifluron, a benzoylphenylurea compound, in pear using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Samples were extracted using conventional, AOAC and EN quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe 'QuEChERS' methods. As expected, conventional and EN-QuEChERS methods gave higher recoveries than AOAC. In addition, interference around the analyte retention time was observed in the conventional method. Thus, the EN-QuEChERS method was selected and validated by studying various parameters, including linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and precision. Linearity was excellent, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. Recovery rates at three spiking levels (0.05, 0.2 and 1 mg/kg) ranged from 73.76 to 98.66%. Intra- and inter-day precisions, expressed as relative standard deviations, were <6%. The LOQ of 0.05 mg/kg was considerably lower than the maximum residue limit (1 mg/kg) set by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The developed method was successfully applied to open-field pear samples, in which the target analyte was slowly dissipated (55% decline) over 14 days with a half-life of 10.19 days. Notably, the residue levels throughout the period of sample collection (14 days) were lower than the maximum residue limit, indicating that the residue was not hazardous for consumers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Technology, School of Biotechnology, International University, HCMC National University, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Lieu T B
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Humayun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Musfiqur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Hyeok
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Bong
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031989:Pyrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; C508341:bistrifluron
keywords: QuEChERS; bistrifluron; dissipation kinetics; liquid chromatography; method development; pear; residue analysis