title: Novel Management of Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome with Rituximab and Continuous Glucose Monitoring.
abstract: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS), or Hirata's disease, is a rare hypoglycemic disorder characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemia without evidence of exogenous insulin administration, a high serum concentration of total immunoreactive insulin, and the presence of insulin autoantibodies in high titer. The majority of cases occur in the Asian population, and treatment is generally successful with watchful waiting or steroids.
  
  
  
  We report the case of a 71-year-old Caucasian man with severe hypoglycemia due to IAS that was refractory to a prolonged course of high-dose steroids. Type 1 diabetes prevention trials using rituximab have shown selective suppression of insulin autoantibodies, which are the pathogenic antibodies in IAS, and therefore we provided this therapy. Treatment with two doses of rituximab and daily use of a continuous glucose monitor resulted in disease remission.
  
  
  
  We present the first case where potentially life-threatening hypoglycemia due to IAS was successfully managed with rituximab and a continuous glucose monitor. We conclude that these treatment modalities are effective for the management of severe, refractory IAS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (D.R.S., M.T.M.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Research Service (D.R.S.), Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220; and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes (A.W.M.), Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Saxon
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (D.R.S., M.T.M.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Research Service (D.R.S.), Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220; and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes (A.W.M.), Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (D.R.S., M.T.M.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Research Service (D.R.S.), Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220; and Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes (A.W.M.), Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
authors.forename: Aaron W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Michels
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology*; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007328:Insulin; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D000069283:Rituximab