title: Prevalence, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Spain. Results of the Di@bet.es Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Di@bet.es is a national study designed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish adult population. The prevalence of hypertension and the degree to which it is recognized, treated, and controlled are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included a sample of the Spanish population with 5048 adults aged ≥ 18 years. Patients were questioned and examined, with 3 blood pressure readings while seated and at rest to calculate the mean of the 3 readings. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or prescription for antihypertensive drug therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension was found in 42.6% of the Spanish adult population aged ≥ 18 years and was more common among men (49.9%) than women (37.1%). The prevalence was higher among prediabetics (67.9%) and diabetics (79.4%). Undiagnosed hypertension was identified in 37.4% of patients and was more common in men (43.3%) than in women (31.5%). Among patients with known hypertension, 88.3% were receiving drug therapy. Well-controlled blood pressure was found in only 30% and was more common among women (24.9%) than men (16%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of hypertension in Spain is high, and a considerable percentage of hypertensive patients have still not been diagnosed. Hypertension is associated with diabetes and prediabetes, and although drug therapy is increasingly common, the degree of control has not improved and remains low. Population campaigns should be developed and promoted for hypertension prevention, detection, and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. Electronic address: edelangot@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Edelmiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menéndez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Elías
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Vega
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud de Vallobín, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bordiú
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calle
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina y Endocrinología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carmena
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Diabetes, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), San Vicente de Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina y Endocrinología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalá
authors.affiliation: Atención Primaria, EAP Raval Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Red GEDAPS, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca (IDIAP-Fundació Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franch
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Diabetes, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), San Vicente de Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaztambide
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Girbés
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goday
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes y Endocrinología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomis
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Alba
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Lípidos y Diabetes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martínez-Larrad
authors.affiliation: Servicio Normalizado de Urgencias de La Laguna, Atención Primaria, Servicio Canario de Salud, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mora-Peces
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Diabetes y Endocrinología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya (IBIMA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojo-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Lípidos y Diabetes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano-Ríos
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Diabetes, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), San Vicente de Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya (IBIMA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.affiliation: Plan Nacional de Diabetes, Ministerio de Salud, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitàries Pere Virgili, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya (IBIMA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriguer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Epidemiología de la hipertensión; España; Hypertension epidemiology; Hypertension treatment; Prediabetes; Spain; Tratamiento de la hipertensión