title: Copper in soil fractions and runoff in a vineyard catchment: Insights from copper stable isotopes.
abstract: Understanding the fate of copper (Cu) fungicides in vineyard soils and catchments is a prerequisite to limit the off-site impact of Cu. Using Cu stable isotopes, Cu retention in soils and runoff transport was investigated in relation to the use of Cu fungicides and the hydrological conditions in a vineyard catchment (Rouffach, Haut-Rhin, France; mean slope: 15%). The δ(65)Cu values of the bulk vineyard soil varied moderately through the depth of the soil profiles (-0.12 to 0.24‰±0.08‰). The values were in the range of those of the fungicides (-0.21 to 0.11‰) and included the geogenic δ(65)Cu value of the untreated soil (0.08‰). However, δ(65)Cu values significantly differed between particle-size soil fractions (-0.37±0.10‰ in fine clays and 0.23±0.07‰ in silt). Together with the soil mineralogy, the results suggested Cu isotope fractionation primarily associated with the clay and fine clay fractions that include both SOM and mineral phases. The vegetation did not affect the Cu isotope patterns in the vineyard soils. Cu export by runoff from the catchment accounted for 1% of the applied Cu mass from 11th May to 20(th) July 2011, covering most of the Cu use period. 84% of the exported Cu mass was Cu bound to suspended particulate matter (SPM). The runoff displayed δ(65)Cu values from 0.52 to 1.35‰ in the dissolved phase (<0.45μm) compared to -0.34 to -0.02‰ in the SPM phase, indicating that clay and fine clay fractions were the main vectors of SPM-bound Cu in runoff. Overall, this study shows that Cu stable isotopes may allow identifying the Cu distribution in the soil fractions and their contribution to Cu export in runoff from Cu-contaminated catchments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Izabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Babcsányi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chabaux
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meite
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Payraudeau
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duplay
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Electronic address: imfeld@unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Gwenaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imfeld
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D000072480:Farms; D005602:France; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis; D007554:Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D027843:Vitis; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007554:Isotopes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper
keywords: Clay; Fungicides; Heavy metal; Particle-size fraction; Sorption; Transport