title: Pulsed magnetic therapy increases osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells only if they are pre-committed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy has been documented to be an effective, non-invasive, safe treatment method for a variety of clinical conditions, especially in settings of recalcitrant healing. The underlying mechanisms on the different biological components of tissue regeneration are still to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF)-PEMFs on commitment of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) culture system, through the determination of gene expression pattern and cellular morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human MSCs derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs) were cultured in presence of adipogenic, osteogenic, neural, or glial differentiative medium and basal medium, then exposed to ELF-PEMFs daily stimulation for 21days. Control cultures were performed without ELF-PEMFs stimulation for all cell populations. Effects on commitment were evaluated after 21days of cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggested ELF-PEMFs does not influence ADSCs commitment and does not promote adipogenic, osteogenic, neural or glial differentiation. However, ELF-PEMFs treatment on ADSCs cultured in osteogenic differentiative medium markedly increased osteogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that PEMFs affect the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs only if they are pre-commitment and that this therapy can be an appropriate candidate for treatment of conditions requiring an acceleration of repairing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Pieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menarin
authors.affiliation: Thereson S.p.A. Research & Development, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fermi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gardin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy. Electronic address: barbara.zavan@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zavan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000328:Adult; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003470:Culture Media; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000528:radiation effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000528:radiation effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media
keywords: Adipose-derived stem cells; Bone regeneration; Osteogenic commitment; Pulsed electromagnetic fields