title: Ligulate Desmarestia (Desmarestiales, Phaeophyceae) revisited: D. japonica sp. nov. and D. dudresnayi differ from D. ligulata.
abstract: The phylogeny of ligulate and sulfuric-acid containing species of Desmarestia, occurring worldwide from polar to temperate regions, was revised using a multigenic and polyphasic approach. Sequence data, gametophyte characteristics, and sporophyte morphology support reducing a total of 16 taxa to four different species. (1) D. herbacea, containing broad-bladed and highly branched forms, has dioecious gametophytes. The three other species have monoecious gametophytes: (2) D. ligulata which is profusely branched and, except for one subspecies, narrow-bladed, (3) Japanese ligulate Desmarestia, here described as D. japonica sp. nov., which is morphologically similar to D. ligulata but genetically distant from all other ligulate taxa. This species may have conserved the morphology of original ligulate Desmarestia. (4) D. dudresnayi, including unbranched or little branched broad-bladed taxa. A figure of the holotype of D. dudresnayi, which was lost for decades, was relocated. The taxonomy is complemented by a comparison of internal transcribed spacer and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) as potential barcode loci, with cox1 offering good resolution, reflecting species delimitations within the genus Desmarestia.
authors.affiliation: Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), The Scottish Association for Marine Science Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK.|Marine Ecosystem Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 787 Haeanro, Ansan, 426-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Chan
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Bezhin Rosko, 40 rue des pêcheurs, 29250, Santec, Brittany, France.
authors.forename: Akira F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Nadaku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: SAHFOS, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
authors.forename: Rowena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Nadaku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanyuda
authors.affiliation: Coastal Biology Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de la Zapateira, A Coruña, 15071, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bárbara
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter Gerhard
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), The Scottish Association for Marine Science Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strittmatter
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden University (section NHN), P.O. Box 9514, RA Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem F Prud'Homme
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: van Reine
authors.affiliation: Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), The Scottish Association for Marine Science Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK.|Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Scotland, AB41 6AA, UK.
authors.forename: Frithjof C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Küpper
keywords: Brown algae; DNA barcoding; Desmarestia; Phaeophyceae; SSU-ITS; cox1; multigene phylogeny; psaA; rbcL; sulfuric acid