title: A simplified management of the in situ evaluation of feedstuffs in ruminants: Application to the study of the digestive availability of protein and amino acids corrected for the ruminal microbial contamination.
abstract: The ruminal effective degradability (RED) and intestinal effective digestibility (IED) for dry matter, crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) were estimated by a simplified in situ method using pooled samples from rumen-incubated residues, which represented the ruminal outflow of undegraded feed. The effect of microbial contamination in the rumen was corrected using (15)N infusion techniques. Studies were carried out for soybean meal (SBM), barley grain (BG) and lucerne hay (LH) in three wethers cannulated in the rumen and the duodenum. Uncorrected values of RED for CP obtained either by mathematical integration or our simplified method were similar in all feeds. Microbial N in the pooled samples of SBM, BG and LH were 2%, 11% and 24% of total N, respectively. However, intestinal incubation eliminated this microbial charge by 100%, 99% and 88%, respectively. With microbial corrections, RED showed an increase, and IED showed a decrease, except for SBM. With this correction, intestinal digested CP was reduced by 2% in SBM, 13% in BG and 34% in LH. Corrected IED of AA was relatively similar in SBM (97-99%). However, large variations were observed in BG (74-93%) and in LH (10-88%). Digestion in the rumen and intestine changed the essential AA pattern. Overall, our results support that AA digestion is affected by the characteristics of their radicals and their contents in plant cell wall proteins. The accurate estimation of feed metabolisable AA or protein requires effective measures that are corrected by ruminal microbial contamination. The proposed in situ method largely simplifies these tasks and allows a more complete and less expensive feed evaluation.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
authors.forename: Mafhoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouarti
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: b Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Bromatología , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Centeno
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: amino acids; degradability; digestibility; feed evaluation; in situ test; microbial contamination; protein; ruminants