title: Midline nasofrontal dermoids in children: A review of 29 cases managed at Mansoura University Hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasal dermoids are congenital anomalies constituting 3.7-12.6% of dermoids in the head and neck. Most of lesions are superficial but there is always a risk that it may end blindly within the deep structures of the nose or extend intracranially. Complete excision, regardless of extension, is essential and must be balanced against cosmoses. This study reviews the clinical characteristics and imaging findings as well as the appropriate surgical approach adopted for 29 cases managed at Mansoura University Hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed in 29 patients admitted for management of nasal dermoid between Jan 2001 and Jan 2015 at the Otolaryngology department of our tertiary referral university hospital. Recorded data included patient's demographics, complaint, lesion's site, pre-operative radiological findings, surgical technique, intra-operative findings, and post-operative squeal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This series included 12 (41%) female and 17 (59%) male children, with a mean age of 2.5 years. Twenty seven children presented with a nasofrontal swelling of which 20 had an apparent sinus. Other presentations included a swelling in the inner canthum (1), nasal tip and columella (1). Nine (31%) patients had a history of infection and two patients gave a positive history of meningitis. Intracranial extradural extension was identified in 10 patients (34.5%) during preoperative imaging. Surgical modalities included local excision and direct closure (12), open rhinoplasty (7), bicoronal excision and craniotomy (10). In 9 cases, the tract was adherent to the dura but was carefully dissected and in one case resection required excision of a segment of dura and reconstruction. In a follow up period of 1-8 years, recurrence was detected in one case and the cosmetic results were satisfactory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Those lesions are rare and require early precise surgical planning to achieve complete en bloc excision. This study reports a low morbidity associated with management of nasal dermoids with intracranial extension.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address: ahmusaad@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed Musaad Abd
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Fattah
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Sisi
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Elsharawy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tawfik
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003884:Dermoid Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
keywords: Children; Intracranial–extracranial approach; Nasal dermoid