title: Comparison of patient-centered outcomes after routine implant placement, teeth extraction, and periodontal surgical procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare patient-centered outcome assessments (POAs) over a 2-week period after five categories of dento-alveolar surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 339 patients in need of dento-alveolar surgical procedures such as simple tooth extraction (SE), transalveolar extraction (TE), straightforward implant placement (I), implant placement with guided bone regeneration (IGBR), and periodontal surgery (P) in Hong Kong (51.3%) and Nanjing dental clinic were consecutively recruited (2013-2015). POAs in terms of bleeding, swelling, pain, and bruising were obtained using 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) on each day of the first week and the 14th day postsurgery. Clinical examinations were recorded on the 7th day postoperation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first 3 days of healing, area-under-the-curve (AUC) analyses showed that transalveolar extraction (TE) resulted in significantly higher overall bleeding and pain (AUC: Bleeding Mean = 5.6, Pain Mean = 7.5). However, implant placement with GBR (IGBR) resulted in significant higher level of swelling (AUC: Mean = 9.1) and bruising (Mean = 4.2) for the same period with also the highest use of painkillers. Healing outcomes of straightforward implant placement (I) were comparable to that of a simple extraction (SE). Two-week overall experience showed the symptoms quickly subsided for all groups. Prevalence for complications 1 week postoperatively was IGBR (20%), P (15.6%), I (12.7%), SE (4.8%), TE (1.5%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest extent of swelling and bruising was observed in patients who got implant placement with GBR (IGBR), while healing events of straightforward implants were similar to these of simple extraction. The VAS scores for all POAs parameters were generally low and decreased to nearly zero over the study period following all five surgical procedures. Low prevalence of postsurgical complications was reported.
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Koon Kay
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Colman
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Yu Nong
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Kar Yan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-7496
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mattheos
mesh_terms: D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010519:Periodontium / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: dento-alveolar surgery; patient-centered outcome assessments (POAs); visual analog scale (VAS); wound healing