title: Energetic Geodesic Acoustic Modes Associated with Two-Stream-like Instabilities in Tokamak Plasmas.
abstract: An unstable branch of the energetic geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) is found using fluid theory with fast ions characterized by their narrow width in energy distribution and collective transit along field lines. This mode, with a frequency much lower than the thermal GAM frequency ω_{GAM}, is now confirmed as a new type of unstable EGAM: a reactive instability similar to the two-stream instability. The mode can have a very small fast ion density threshold when the fast ion transit frequency is smaller than ω_{GAM}, consistent with the onset of the mode right after the turn-on of the beam in DIII-D experiments. The transition of this reactive EGAM to the velocity gradient driven EGAM is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hole
authors.affiliation: CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald