title: [Interannual variation of the fungal spores of Tetouan (Northwest of Morocco) and their sporal calendar].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The daily aeromycological monitoring of fungal spores in the city of Tetouan during the period 2009-2011, to determine their diversity, their predominance and their interannual and seasonal variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The spore sampling was undertaken using a Burkard volumetric spore trap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outdoor environment of Tetouan showed a highest predominance of deuteromycetes, collected essentially in summer and autumn. This study illustrated a high diversity of the fungal spores, the most frequent accounting for more than 97 % of the airborne fungal flora, and are according to their abundance (Cladosporium followed by Basidiospores, Ustilago, Alternaria, Leptosphaeria, Aspergillaceae, Cunninghamella, Venturia, Uredospores, Pleospora, Arthrinium, Stemphylium, Torula, Oidium, Ascospores, Drechslera, Epicoccum, Teleutospores and Fusarium). Alternaria and Cladosporium showed a longer period of emission, and are present in the atmosphere throughout the year with the highest incidence for Alternaria in June and for Cladosporium in August. They exceeded the allergenic threshold value in the air of Tétouan during 22, 94 and 75 days in 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively for Alternaria and during 16 days in 2009, 14 days in 2010 and 13 days in 2011 for Cladosporium. The correlation between the meteorological parameters and the fungal spores proved that the temperature (maximum, average and minimum), the relative humidity (maximum, average and minimum) and the precipitation influenced the presence of the fungal spores in the air.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exposition to airborne fungal spores varied between years depending on local climatic conditions and might cause health impacts on patients showing respiratory allergy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire diversité et conservation des systèmes biologiques, département de biologie, faculté des sciences, université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Mhannech II, BP 2121, Tétouan, Maroc.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ajouray
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire diversité et conservation des systèmes biologiques, département de biologie, faculté des sciences, université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Mhannech II, BP 2121, Tétouan, Maroc. Electronic address: hasbouz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bouziane
authors.affiliation: Département de botanique, université de Malaga, BP 59, 29080 Malaga, Espagne.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Trigo Pérez
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire diversité et conservation des systèmes biologiques, département de biologie, faculté des sciences, université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Mhannech II, BP 2121, Tétouan, Maroc.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadiri
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis*; D000072437:Calendars as Topic; D002980:Climate; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D009018:Morocco; D012621:Seasons; D013172:Spores, Fungal; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens
keywords: Aeroallergens; Aeromycology; Aéroallergènes; Aéromycologie; Calendrier fongique; Diversity; Diversité; Fungal calendar; Meteorology; Météorologie