title: Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Among Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Recovered from Birds of Prey in Portugal.
abstract: Wild animal populations in contact with antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistant bacteria that are daily released into the environment are able to become unintentional hosts of these resistant microorganisms. To clarify this issue, our study evaluated the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants on coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from birds of prey and studied their genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The unusual vga(A) and erm(T) genes, which confer resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively, were detected in Staphylococcus sciuri or Staphylococcus xylosus strains and the tet(K) gene in Staphylococcus kloosii. The PFGE patterns showed that three S. xylosus (isolated of Strix aluco and Otus scops) and two S. sciuri (recovered from Strix aluco and Milvus migrans) were clonally indistinguishable. These animals could be a source of unusual antimicrobial resistance determinants for highly used antibiotics in veterinary clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .|2 Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .|3 Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .|4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain .|5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal .
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .|2 Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .|6 Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: 3 Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .|7 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .|8 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon , Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal .
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Igrejas
authors.affiliation: 9 Wild Birds' Recovering Center (CRAS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sargo
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain .
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain .
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain .
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: 5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal .|10 Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA/ICETA), University of Oporto , Oporto, Portugal .
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manageiro
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain .
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: 5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal .|10 Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA/ICETA), University of Oporto , Oporto, Portugal .
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caniça
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .|8 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon , Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal .
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poeta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003030:Coagulase; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D046093:Falconiformes / Q000382:microbiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003030:Coagulase; D002981:Clindamycin; D004917:Erythromycin
keywords: PFGE; Portugal; antibiotic resistance; birds of prey; coagulase-negative staphylococci