title: Dyslipidemia Part 1--Review of Lipid Metabolism and Vascular Cell Physiology.
abstract: Dyslipidemia, more specifically, high-serum low-density lipoproteins and low-serum high-density lipoproteins, are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The current clinical treatment of dyslipidemia represents the outcome of a large body of fundamental basic science research on lipids, lipid metabolism, and the effects of different lipids on cellular components of the artery, inflammatory cells, and platelets. In general, lower density lipids activate intracellular pathways to increase local and systemic inflammation, monocyte adhesion, endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, resulting in foam cell formation and genesis of atherosclerotic plaque. In contrast, higher density lipids prevent or attenuate atherosclerosis. This article is part 1 of a 2-part review, with part 1 focusing on lipid metabolism and the downstream effects of lipids on the development of atherosclerosis, and part 2 on the clinical treatment of dyslipidemia and the role of these drugs for patients with arterial disease exclusive of the coronary arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffery J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sufyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kristopher G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA gahtanv@upstate.edu.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gahtan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
keywords: atherosclerosis; endothelial cells; high-density lipoprotein; inflammation; low-density lipoprotein; macrophages; monocytes; platelets; triglycerides; vascular smooth muscle cells