title: The Association Between WAVE1 and -3 and the ARP2/3 Complex in PC 3 Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actin polymerisation is stimulated by the actin-related protein (ARP) 2/3 complex and drives cell migration. This complex is activated by Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family (WASP) verprolin homologous protein (WAVE) proteins. WAVE1 and -3 have been implicated in the aggressiveness of metastatic prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell growth, motility and invasion were analyzed in WAVE1- and WAVE3-knockdown PC-3 cells along with the ARP2/3 inhibitor, CK-0944636. Confocal microscopy was adopted to examine protein co-localisation. Immunoprecipitation approaches were used to determine protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell growth suppression was observed with WAVE3 knockdown and ARP2/3 inhibition. Reduced cell invasion effects observed with WAVE1 knockdown appeared to be rescued by ARP2/3 inhibition. WAVE1 and WAVE3 and ARP2 co-localisation was lost in PC-3 WAVE-knockdown cells, while increased ARP2 tyrosine phosphorylation was observed with WAVE3 knockdown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results implicate a contributory role of WAVE1 and -3 to the metastatic phenotype of PC-3 cells through their interaction with the ARP2/3 complex.
authors.affiliation: Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K.
authors.forename: Hoi Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.affiliation: Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K.
authors.forename: Howard G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kynaston
authors.affiliation: Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K. jiangw@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Wen G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation; D058105:Polymerization; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex; D000199:Actins; C543731:CK-0944636; D007211:Indoles; D013876:Thiophenes; C114864:WASF1 protein, human; C120153:WASF3 protein, human; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: ARP2/3 complex; WAVE1; WAVE3; prostate cancer