title: Low-dose and combined effects of oral exposure to bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol on the male reproductive system in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: Study of the joint action of xenobiotics is important to fully explore their toxicity and complete risk analysis. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-dose and combined exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the reproductive system in adult male rats. The results showed that the sperm motility decreased in the BPA/DES and combined groups. Sperm deformity ratios and histological lesions of the testes were significantly higher and more significant, respectively, in the combined group compared with the single treated groups. No dose-effect relationship or significant additive effect on serum hormone levels was observed after combined exposure to BPA/DES. Ultrastructural results showed lesions of the Sertoli and Leydig cells, mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in all treated groups. ER stress molecular sensor IRE1 was phosphorylated and activated after BPA and DES treatment in this study. The protein levels of ES stress molecular marker CHOP were significantly up-regulated after exposure to BPA, DES, and BPA and DES combined. These findings indicate that ER stress is important in BPA/DES-induced damage in rat testes. Low-dose and combined exposure to BPA and DES may have toxic effects on male fertility in the adult population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen-Long
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China. Electronic address: jinyiliutmmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000187:drug effects; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Combined effect; Diethylstilbestrol; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Reproductive toxicity