title: Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions.
abstract: Most Candida infections are related to microbial biofilms often formed by the association of different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between Candida albicans and non-albicans species in biofilms formed in vitro. The non-albicans species studied were:Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. Single and mixed biofilms (formed by clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed from standardized suspensions of each strain (10(7) cells/mL), on flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates for 48 hour. These biofilms were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) in Candida HiChrome agar and by determining cell viability, using the XTT 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide colorimetric assay. The results for both the CFU/mL count and the XTT colorimetric assay showed that all the species studied were capable of forming high levels of in vitro biofilm. The number of CFU/mL and the metabolic activity of C. albicans were reduced in mixed biofilms with non-albicans species, as compared with a single C. albicans biofilm. Among the species tested, C. krusei exerted the highest inhibitory action against C. albicans. In conclusion, C. albicans established antagonistic interactions with non-albicans Candida species in mixed biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica Diane dos
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone Furgeri Godinho
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Olavo Cardoso
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Campos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Junqueira
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002175:Candida / Q000502:physiology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D056265:Microbial Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide