title: Evaluation of the intake of radon through skin from thermal water.
abstract: The biokinetics of radon in the body has previously been studied with the assumption that its absorption through the skin is negligibly small. This assumption would be acceptable except in specific situations, such as bathing in a radon hot spring where the radon concentration in thermal water is far higher than that in air. The present study focused on such a situation in order to better understand the biokinetics of radon. To mathematically express the entry of radon through the skin into the body, we first modified the latest sophisticated biokinetic model for noble gases. Values of an important parameter for the model-the skin permeability coefficient K (m s(-1))-were derived using data from previous human studies. The analysis of such empirical data, which corresponded to radon concentrations in the air exhaled by subjects during and following bathing in radon-rich thermal water, revealed that the estimated K values had a log-normal distribution. The validity of the K values and the characteristics of the present model are then discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the intake of radon or its progeny via inhalation or skin absorption on radiation dose was also assessed for possible exposure scenarios in a radon hot spring. It was concluded that, depending on the radon concentration in thermal water, there might be situations in which the dose contribution resulting from skin absorption of radon is comparable to that resulting from inhalation of radon and its progeny. This conclusion can also apply to other therapeutic situations (e.g. staying in the pool for a longer period).
authors.affiliation: Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany sakoda.akihiro@jaea.go.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.affiliation: Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tschiersch
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011886:Radon / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013696:Temperature; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011886:Radon
keywords: Biokinetic model; Radon; Radon hot spring; Skin absorption; Thermal water