title: Amikacin induced renal damage and the role of the antioxidants on neonatal rats.
abstract: Amikacin (AK) is frequently used on the treatment of Gram-negative infections on neonates, but its usage is restricted because of nephrotoxicity. In this study, on neonatal rats, we aimed to investigate the effects of erythropoietin and vitamin E on AK induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 35 newborn Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: (1) injected with saline (serum physiological was administered to placebo controls), (2) injected with AK (1200 mg/kg), (3) injected with AK + vitamin E (150 mg/kg), (4) injected with AK + erythropoietin (EPO) (300 IU/kg/day). In renal tissue, AK levels were significantly high in all groups except the control. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were statistically higher in AK -treated group than the control. MDA and NO levels were significantly decreased with the administration of vitamin E and EPO. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were statistically low in AK group compared with the controls. The levels of GPX, in vitamin E group, were increased significantly. However, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were not significantly different in none of the groups. Insulin-like growth factor-1 values in AK, EPO and vitamin E groups were significantly higher than the control group. Histomorphological changes such as tubular epithelial necrosis were seen in AK treated group. Histopathological improvements observed with EPO and vitamin E administration. AK nephrotoxicity is related to oxidative stress and is supported with biochemical and histopathological findings. Vitamin E and EPO, as antioxidants, can be useful renoprotective agents for ameliorating AK induced nephrotoxicity in neonates.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Aslihan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatric Neonatology, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty , Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oktem
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Metin Ciris
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Altuntas
authors.affiliation: f Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty , Katip Celebi University , Izmir , Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D004921:Erythropoietin; D014810:Vitamin E; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000583:Amikacin
keywords: Amikacin; erythropoietin; neonatal rats; oxidative injury; vitamin E