title: Development of an HSV-1 neutralization test with a glycoprotein D specific antibody for measurement of neutralizing antibody titer in human sera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Investigating the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against HSV-1 is essential for monitoring the immune protection against HSV-1 in susceptible populations, which would facilitate the development of vaccines against herpes infection and improvement of HSV-1 based oncolytic virotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we have developed a neutralization test based on the enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT-NT) to determine the neutralizing antibody titer against HSV-1 in human serum samples. This optimized assay employed a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing glycoprotein D to detect the HSV-1 infected cells. With this test, the neutralizing antibody titer against HSV-1 could be determined within one day by automated interpretation of the counts of cell spots. We observed good correlation in the results obtained from ELISPOT-NT and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) by testing 22 human serum samples representing different titers. Moreover, 269 human serum samples collected from a wide range of age groups were tested, the average neutralizing antibody titer (log2NT50) was 8.3 ± 2.8 and the prevalence of NAbs was 83.6 % in this cohort, it also revealed that the average neutralizing antibody titer in different groups increased with the age, and no significant difference in neutralizing antibody titers was observed between males and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results prove that this novel assay would serve as an accurate and simple assay for the assessment of the neutralizing antibody titers against HSV-1 in large cohorts.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.|School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.|School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Huan-Huan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.|School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.|School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.|School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. huangchenghao@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. nsxia@xmu.edu.cn.|School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. nsxia@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ning-Shao
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000379:methods*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1
keywords: Cohort study; ELISPOT; Herpes Simplex virus type I; Neutralizing antibody