title: Protein enrichment of brewery spent grain from Rhizopus oligosporus by solid-state fermentation.
abstract: Brewery spent grain represents approximately 85 % of total by-products generated in a brewery. Consisting of carbohydrates, fiber, minerals and low amounts of protein, the use of brewery spent grain is limited to the feeding of ruminants; however, its potential use should be investigated. The reuse of this by-product using microorganisms by solid-state fermentation process as the case of protein enrichment by single-cell protein incorporation is an alternative to ensure sustainability and generate commercially interesting products. In this context, the aim of this study was to grow Rhizopus oligosporus in brewery spent grain under different initial moisture contents and nitrogen sources to increase the protein content of the fermented material. After 7 days of fermentation, increase of 2-4 times in the crude protein and soluble protein content was verified, respectively, compared to unfermented brewery spent grain. The kinetics of protein enrichment demonstrated the possibility of application of this technique, which can be a great alternative for use in diets for animals.
authors.affiliation: Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marianny Silva
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Canedo
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Gomes
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Alves
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil. francielo160679@ufg.br.
authors.forename: Francielo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-146X
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vendruscolo
mesh_terms: D005285:Fermentation; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins
keywords: Agro-industrial residues; Brewery spent grain; Cellulosic residues; Protein enrichment; Single-cell protein; Solid-state fermentation