title: Whirling agitated single drop microextraction technique for the simultaneous analysis of Paraquat and Maneb in tissue samples of treated mice.
abstract: A new microextraction technique, whirling agitated single drop microextraction, has been proposed for the simultaneous analysis of Paraquat and Maneb in tissue samples before liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This technique is based on the idea that the escalatory motion of the sample solution along with the extraction solvent increases the movement of molecules into the extraction solvent. In this technique, a simple handheld rotator was utilized to rapidly agitate the biphasic extraction system for the instantaneous extraction of targeted analytes. After extraction, the extracted phase was directly solidified by cooling in crushed ice and easily collected using a micro-spatula. The method showed good performance by achieving sensitive detection limits at 4.81 ng g(-1) (Paraquat) and 9.12 ng g(-1) (Maneb). Mean recoveries and enrichment factors were obtained >91.21% and up to 114 that ensured the preconcentration capacity of the method. The method precision was verified by evaluating intraday variation (n = 10) ≤4.57 (Paraquat) and ≤4.68 (Maneb) in terms of percent relative standard deviation. Additionally, method efficacy was assured by obtaining very little matrix interferences (≤3.11%). Moreover, the method suitability was also checked with its application on tissue samples of intraperitoneally treated mice with Paraquat and Maneb.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, Lucknow, U.P., India.|Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Rupender
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, Lucknow, U.P., India.|Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Rakesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, Lucknow, U.P., India.|Division of Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Mahendra P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, Lucknow, U.P., India.|Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Devendra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D008297:Male; D008344:Maneb / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D010269:Paraquat / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D008344:Maneb; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: Microextraction; Neurodegenerative agents; Preconcentration; Tissue samples