title: Immunohistochemical expression of K6, K8, K16, K17, K19, maspin, syndecan-1 (CD138), α-SMA, and Ki-67 in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic correlations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify cutoff values of markers that correlate with the histopathologic diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and/or the increased recurrence potential of ameloblastoma (AB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical expression (IHCE) of 9 selected markers were investigated in 18 non-recurrent ameloblastomas (NRABs), 6 recurrent ameloblastomas (RABs), and 5 ACs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in IHCE of K6, K8, K16, K17, K18, K19, maspin, or syndecan-1 was observed among study groups. α Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive area in central epithelial cells significantly differentiated between AB and AC (P = .017; t -test). Ki-67 score significantly differentiated between AB and AC (P < .005; t -test) and between AC and RAB (P = .015; ANOVA/post hoc).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ki-67 score of 75 cells/HPF (ROC curve) is a potential indicator of AC. Clinical recurrence of AB may be predicted by α-SMA expression pattern. Syndecan-1 and α-SMA may indicate a higher aggressive potential of AB when expressed in the stroma.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Electronic address: safadir@ksau-hs.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Rima A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Safadi
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Specialist, Ministry of Health, Zarqa, Jordan.
authors.forename: Basma F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Quda
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Huda M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hammad
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000564:Ameloblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007573:Jaw Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C085344:SERPIN-B5; D015843:Serpins; D053668:Syndecan-1; D007633:Keratins