title: Protective oral vaccination against infectious salmon anaemia virus in Salmo salar.
abstract: Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a systemic disease caused by an orthomyxovirus, which has a significant economic impact on the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Currently, there are several commercial ISA vaccines available, however, those products are applied through injection, causing stress in the fish and leaving them susceptible to infectious diseases due to the injection process and associated handling. In this study, we evaluated an oral vaccine against ISA containing a recombinant viral hemagglutinin-esterase and a fusion protein as antigens. Our findings indicated that oral vaccination is able to protect Atlantic salmon against challenge with a high-virulence Chilean isolate. The oral vaccination was also correlated with the induction of IgM-specific antibodies. On the other hand, the vaccine was unable to modulate expression of the antiviral related gene Mx, showing the importance of the humoral response to the disease survival. This study provides new insights into fish protection and immune response induced by an oral vaccine against ISA, but also promises future development of preventive solutions or validation of the current existing therapies.
authors.affiliation: Virbac-Centrovet, Av. Salomón Sack 255, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caruffo
authors.affiliation: Virbac-Centrovet, Av. Salomón Sack 255, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maturana
authors.affiliation: Advanced Bionutrition Corp., 7155 Columbia Gateway Drive, Suite H. Columbia, MD, 21046, USA.
authors.forename: Swetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kambalapally
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larenas
authors.affiliation: Virbac-Centrovet, Av. Salomón Sack 255, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: jaime.tobar@centrovet.com.
authors.forename: Jaime A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tobar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002677:Chile; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D046829:Isavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D020317:Salmo salar; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Antibodies; ISAV; Infectious salmon anaemia virus; Oral vaccination; Salmo salar; Vaccines