title: Health Disparities in Drug- and Alcohol-Use Disorders: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths After Detention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine sex and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of 9 substance-use disorders (SUDs)--alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogen or PCP, opiate, amphetamine, inhalant, sedative, and unspecified drug--in youths during the 12 years after detention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Northwestern Juvenile Project, a prospective longitudinal study of 1829 youths randomly sampled from detention in Chicago, Illinois, starting in 1995 and reinterviewed up to 9 times in the community or correctional facilities through 2011. Independent interviewers assessed SUDs with Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children 2.3 (baseline) and Diagnostic Interview Schedule version IV (follow-ups).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By median age 28 years, 91.3% of males and 78.5% of females had ever had an SUD. At most follow-ups, males had greater odds of alcohol- and marijuana-use disorders. Drug-use disorders were most prevalent among non-Hispanic Whites, followed by Hispanics, then African Americans (e.g., compared with African Americans, non-Hispanic Whites had 32.1 times the odds of cocaine-use disorder [95% confidence interval = 13.8, 74.7]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After detention, SUDs differed markedly by sex, race/ethnicity, and substance abused, and, contrary to stereotypes, did not disproportionately affect African Americans. Services to treat substance abuse--during incarceration and after release--would reach many people in need, and address health disparities in a highly vulnerable population.
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: Leah J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: Anna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abram
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: Nichole D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Aaby
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: Kathleen P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.affiliation: Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL.
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Teplin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000208:ethnology*; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult