title: Innate immune-stimulating and immune genes up-regulating activities of three types of alginate from Sargassum siliquosum in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.
abstract: The Total Haemocyte Count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, Phagocytic Activity/Index and Total Protein Plasma (TPP) were examined after feeding the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with diets supplemented with three different types of alginates (acid, calcium and sodium alginates). Immune-related genes expression was evaluated by quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results indicated that the immune parameters directly increased according to the doses of alginates and time. The 2.0 g kg(-1) of acid and sodium alginate treatments were gave better results. Four immune-related genes expression i.e. LGBP, Toll, Lectin, proPO were up regulated. It is therefore concluded that the supplementation of alginate of Sargassum siliquosum on the diet of L. vannamei enhanced the innate immunity as well as the expression of immune-related genes. It is the first report on the simultaneous evaluation of three alginate types to enhance innate immune parameters and immune-related genes expression in L. vannamei.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Departement of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ervia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yudiati
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia. Electronic address: isnansetyo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isnansetyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Murwantoko
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Ayuningtyas
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Triyanto
authors.affiliation: Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center, Jl. Cik Lanang, Pemandian Kartini, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Christina Retna
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Handayani
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D044647:Sargassum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: Alginate; Genes expression; Immune response; Litopenaeus vannamei; Sargassum