title: Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Hepatectomy-Induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Old Mice.
abstract: This study aims to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of hydrogen-rich saline on the cognitive functions of elder mice with partial hepatectomy-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Ninety-six old male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 24 each): control group (group C), hydrogen-rich saline group (group H), POCD group (group P), and POCD + hydrogen-rich saline group (group PH). Cognitive function was subsequently assessed using Morris water-maze (MWM) test. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, along with NF-κB activity determined by ELISA. The morphology of hippocampal tissues were further observed by HE staining. Learning and memory abilities of mice were significantly impaired at day 10 and day 14 post-surgery, as partial hepatectomy significantly prolonged the escape latency, decreased time at the original platform quadrant and frequency of crossing in group P when compared to group C (p < 0.05). The surgery also increased the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB activity at all time points after surgery (p < 0.05). The introduction of hydrogen-rich saline (group PH) partially rescued spatial memory and learning as it shortened escape latency and increased time and crossing frequency of original platform compared to group P (p < 0.05). Moreover, such treatment also decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels and NF-κB activity (p < 0.05). In addition, cell necrosis in the hippocampus induced by hepatectomy was also rescued by hydrogen-rich saline. Hydrogen-rich saline can alleviate POCD via inhibiting NF-κB activity in the hippocampus and reducing inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO.36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Shanbin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO.36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO.36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO.36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China. zhaop@sj-hospital.org.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO.36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: Hydrogen-rich saline; Inflammatory response; NF-κB; POCD