title: Comparison of the measurement properties of the Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale with the Barthel Index in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The new Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale (FIDS) is a tool for assessing the performance of basic activities of daily living (BADL). Because many BADL measures already exist, it is important to know whether FIDS can offer added benefit over the existing measures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study compared measurement properties between the FIDS and a representative BADL assessment tool, the Barthel Index (BI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruitment of the participants was done on the basis of convenience sampling. Participants were community-dwelling elderly Japanese subjects (n = 314; age ≥65 years) divided into a healthy elderly group [n = 225; subjects not using long-term care insurance (LTCI) services] and frail elderly group (n = 89; subjects using LTCI services). For each group, ceiling effect (percent participation with the maximum score) was calculated, and it was compared between the two scales. Associations between the FIDS, BI and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 8 Health Survey (SF-8) were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficient and partial correlations. Partial correlations coefficients to SF-8 were compared between the two scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FIDS showed a relatively small ceiling effect compared to the BI. Compared to the BI, FIDS showed a significant positive partial correlation with the broader aspect of the SF-8 subscales, but the strength of correlation between FIDS and SF-8 was weak to negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FIDS might be less affected by ceiling effect than the BI. Additional studies using a sufficient number of probability samples are needed to clarify whether FIDS has any benefit over BI in terms of correlations with the SF-8.
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Course of Gerontology, Graduate School of Gerontology, J. F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwa-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194-0294, Japan. takashi-riha@live.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo College of Allied Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Visiting Nursing and Rehabilitation Network, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Visiting Nursing and Rehabilitation Network, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Visiting Nursing and Rehabilitation Network, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Visiting Nursing and Rehabilitation Network, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Visiting Nursing and Rehabilitation Network, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Visiting Nursing and Rehabilitation Network, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Moe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawazoe
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Gerontology, J. F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Activities of daily living; Barthel Index; Ceiling effect; Floor effect; Health-related quality of life; Validity