title: Impact of point-of-care ultrasonography on ED time to disposition for patients with nontraumatic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nontraumatic shock in the emergency department (ED) has multiple causes and carries in-hospital mortality approaching 20%, underscoring the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic ultrasonography at the point of care is one method that may improve the ability of ED physicians to quickly diagnose and treat. This study assesses the effect of the use and timing of point-of-care (POC) ultrasonography on time to disposition request.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study across 4 Connecticut EDs compared propensity score matched shock patients who did and did not receive POC ultrasonography. Two propensity score matches were performed: the first using covariates of time to disposition from previous literature and the second using 25 novel covariates identified from electronic health records using machine learning to reduce variable selection biases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3834 unique patients presented with shock during an 18-month period, and 703 (18.3%) patients received POC ultrasonography. Mean time to disposition for all patients was 255.4minutes (interquartile range, 163.8). After propensity score matching, patients had a mean reduction of 26.7minutes (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-58.3) in time to disposition when POC ultrasonography was performed within 1hour of ED arrival and a lesser reduction of 16.7minutes (95% CI, -2.8 to 35.5) when POC ultrasonography was performed within 2hours. There was no evidence of reduction in time to disposition when ultrasonography was performed after 2hours (16.7minutes; 95% CI, -14.3 to 29.9). Propensity score models using machine learning-selected variables yielded similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance of POC ultrasonography likely improves time to disposition when performed early on ED patients with shock.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359702, Mailstop 3EC-24, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
authors.forename: M Kennedy
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave, Suite 260, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
authors.forename: R Andrew
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, 2 Church St South, Suite 404, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luty
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, Global Health & Clinical Sciences Building, 550 16th St, 2nd Floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA 94158-2549.
authors.forename: I Elaine
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave, Suite 260, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012769:Shock / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult