title: The potentiality of cross-linked fungal chitosan to control water contamination through bioactive filtration.
abstract: Water contamination, with heavy metals and microbial pathogens, is among the most dangerous challenges that confront human health worldwide. Chitosan is a bioactive biopolymer that could be produced from fungal mycelia to be utilized in various applied fields. An attempt to apply fungal chitosan for heavy metals chelation and microbial pathogens inhibition, in contaminated water, was performed in current study. Chitosan was produced from the mycelia of Aspergillus niger, Cunninghamella elegans, Mucor rouxii and from shrimp shells, using unified production conditions. The FT-IR spectra of produced chitosans were closely comparable. M. rouxii chitosan had the highest deacetylation degree (91.3%) and the lowest molecular weight (33.2kDa). All chitosan types had potent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; the most forceful type was C. elegans chitosan. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA) and ethylene-glycol-diglycidyl ether (EGDE); linked beads became insoluble in water, acidic and alkaline solutions and could effectively adsorb heavy metals ions, e.g. copper, lead and zinc, in aqueous solution. The bioactive filter, loaded with EGDE- A. niger chitosan beads, was able to reduce heavy metals' concentration with >68%, and microbial load with >81%, after 6h of continuous water flow in the experimentally designed filter.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt. Electronic address: tayel_ahmad@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tayel
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wael F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: El-Tras
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nihal M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Elguindy
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D060105:Animal Shells / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000737:chemistry; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003300:Copper / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D020093:Cunninghamella / Q000737:chemistry; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009089:Mucor / Q000737:chemistry; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D015032:Zinc / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D060766:Drinking Water; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C035364:Quetol 651; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D048271:Chitosan; D015032:Zinc; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Bioremediation; Biosorption; Heavy metals; Microbial pathogens; Water pollution