title: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET) - Imaging and staging.
abstract: Detection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) and monitoring of treatment response relies mainly on morphological imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Molecular imaging techniques also in combination with CT (hybrid imaging) greatly benefit patient management, including better localization of occult tumours and better staging. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positron emission tomography (PET) play a central role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with well-differentiated GEP-NETs. SSTR PET/CT is superior to SRS and should be used whenever available. (18)F-DOPA and (18)F-FDG PET/CT is inferior to SSTR PET/CT at least in patients with well-differentiated GEP-NETs. Both SSTR PET/CT and SRS have limitations, such as relatively low detection rate of benign insulinomas, poorly differentiated GEP-NETs and liver metastases. New innovations such as SSTR PET/MRI, radiolabelled SSTR antagonists and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists might further improve imaging of GEP-NETs.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Center of Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rottenburger
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Center of Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: damian.wild@usb.ch.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wild
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: GEP NET; PET/CT; SRS; gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumour; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor imaging; somatostatin receptor imaging