title: Bradykinin in Hemipepsis ustulata: A novel method for safely milking wasps.
abstract: Wasp venom characterization is of interest across multiple disciplines such as medicinal chemistry and evolutionary biology. A simple method is described herein to milk wasp venom without undue risks to the researcher. The wasps were immobilized by cooling for safe handling, restrained, and their venom was collected on parafilm. Bradykinin from Hemipepsis ustulata was identified by LC-MS/MS during method verification.
authors.affiliation: Western New Mexico University, Department of Chemistry, 1000 W. College Ave, Silver City, NM 88061, USA. Electronic address: whites7@wnmu.edu.
authors.forename: Shawn R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Western New Mexico University, Department of Chemistry, 1000 W. College Ave, Silver City, NM 88061, USA. Electronic address: samuelk@wnmu.edu.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadavakollu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014863:Wasps
chemical_list: D014862:Wasp Venoms; D001920:Bradykinin
keywords: Bradykinin; Hemipepsis ustulata; LC-MS/MS; Milking; Venom; Wasp