title: Discovery of a new Wolbachia supergroup in cave spider species and the lateral transfer of phage WO among distant hosts.
abstract: Wolbachia are widespread intracellular bacteria infecting the major classes of arthropods and some filarial nematodes. In arthropods, Wolbachia have evolved various intriguing reproductive manipulations, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization, and male killing. Sixteen supergroups of Wolbachia have been identified, named A-Q (except G). Though Wolbachia present great diversity in arthropods, spiders, especially cave spiders, are still a poorly surveyed group of Wolbachia hosts. Here, we report a novel Wolbachia supergroup from nine Telema cave spiders (Araneae: Telemidae) based on five molecular markers (16S rRNA, ftsZ, gltA, groEL, and coxA). In addition, phage WO, which was previously reported only in Wolbachia supergroups A, B, and F, infects this new Wolbachia supergroup. We detected a 100% infection rate for phage WO and Wolbachia in Telema species. The phylogenetic trees of phage WO and Wolbachia are not congruent, which suggests that horizontal transfer of phage WO has occurred in these secluded species. Additionally, these data indicate Telema-Wolbachia-phage WO may be a good model for exploring the horizontal transfer history of WO among different host species.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Guan-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Yi
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: xiaojinhua2015@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: huangdw@ioz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D059552:Caves; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D058507:Host Specificity; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D013112:Spiders / Q000382:microbiology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C071525:FtsZ protein, Bacteria; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C112171:Wsp protein, Wolbachia; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Endosymbiont; Horizontal transfer; Supergroup