title: Economical and green biodiesel production process using river snail shells-derived heterogeneous catalyst and co-solvent method.
abstract: River snail shells-derived CaO was used as a heterogeneous catalyst to synthesize biodiesel via transesterification of palm oil with methanol. The shell materials were calcined in air at 600-1000°C for 3h. Physicochemical properties of the resulting catalysts were characterized by TGA-DTG, XRD, SEM, BET, XRF, FT-IR and TPD. CaO catalyzed transesterification mechanism of palm oil into biodiesel was verified. The effects of adding a co-solvent on kinetic of the reaction and %FAME yield were investigated. %FAME yield of 98.5%±1.5 was achieved under the optimal conditions of catalyst/oil ratio of 5wt.%; methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1; reaction temperature of 65°C; 10%v/v of THF in methanol and reaction time of 90min. The results ascertained that river snail shells is a novel raw material for preparation of CaO catalyst and the co-solvent method successfully decreases the reaction time and biodiesel production cost.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wuttichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roschat
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Theeranun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Siritanon
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Teadkait
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaewpuang
authors.affiliation: Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Boonyawan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yoosuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand. Electronic address: vinich.p@vistec.ac.th.
authors.forename: Vinich
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Promarak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056804:Biofuels; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004951:Esterification; D007700:Kinetics; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012908:Snails; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D000073878:Palm Oil; C016538:lime; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Biodiesel; CaO catalyst; Co-solvent; Reaction mechanism and kinetics; River snail shells