title: Characterisation of the impact of open biomass burning on urban air quality in Brisbane, Australia.
abstract: Open biomass burning from wildfires and the prescribed burning of forests and farmland is a frequent occurrence in South-East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. This work reports on data collected from 10 to 30 September 2011, which covers the days before (10-14 September), during (15-20 September) and after (21-30 September) a period of biomass burning in SEQ. The aim of this project was to comprehensively quantify the impact of the biomass burning on air quality in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. A multi-parameter field measurement campaign was conducted and ambient air quality data from 13 monitoring stations across SEQ were analysed. During the burning period, the average concentrations of all measured pollutants increased (from 20% to 430%) compared to the non-burning period (both before and after burning), except for total xylenes. The average concentration of O3, NO2, SO2, benzene, formaldehyde, PM10, PM2.5 and visibility-reducing particles reached their highest levels for the year, which were up to 10 times higher than annual average levels, while PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations exceeded the WHO 24-hour guidelines and O3 concentration exceeded the WHO maximum 8-hour average threshold during the burning period. Overall spatial variations showed that all measured pollutants, with the exception of O3, were closer to spatial homogeneity during the burning compared to the non-burning period. In addition to the above, elevated concentrations of three biomass burning organic tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), together with the amount of non-refractory organic particles (PM1) and the average value of f60 (attributed to levoglucosan), reinforce that elevated pollutant concentration levels were due to emissions from open biomass burning events, 70% of which were prescribed burning events. This study, which is the first and most comprehensive of its kind in Australia, provides quantitative evidence of the significant impact of open biomass burning events, especially prescribed burning, on urban air quality. The current results provide a solid platform for more detailed health and modelling investigations in the future.
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Congrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miljevic
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Leigh R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Crilley
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia; Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Surawski
authors.affiliation: Material Analysis & Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institute (WKI), Braunschweig, 38108, Germany.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salimi
authors.affiliation: Material Analysis & Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institute (WKI), Braunschweig, 38108, Germany.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uhde
authors.affiliation: Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schnelle-Kreis
authors.affiliation: Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orasche
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ristovski
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Godwin A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ayoko
authors.affiliation: Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia. Electronic address: l.morawska@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morawska
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D018533:Biomass; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005390:Fires; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D011793:Queensland
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Aerosol; Aerosol mass spectrometry; Air pollutant; Bushfire; Particle; Wildfire