title: Brief, cooperative peer-instruction sessions during lectures enhance student recall and comprehension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the academic impact of cooperative peer instruction during lecture pauses in an immunology/endocrinology course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third-quarter students participated across iterations of the course. Each class offered 20 lectures of 50 minutes each. Classes were divided into a peer-instruction group incorporating cooperative peer instruction and a control group receiving traditional lectures. Peer-instruction group lectures were divided into 2-3 short presentations followed by a multiple-choice question (MCQ). Students recorded an initial answer and then had 1 minute to discuss answers with group peers. Following this, students could submit a revised answer. The control group received the same lecture material, but without MCQs or peer discussions. Final-exam scores were compared across study groups. A mixed-design analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant main effect for the peer-instruction activity (F(1, 93) = 6.573, p = .012, r = .257), with recall scores higher for MCQs asked after peer-instruction activities than for those asked before peer instruction. Final-exam scores at the end of term were greater in the peer-instruction group than the control group (F(1, 193) = 9.264, p = .003, r = .214; question type, F(1, 193) = 26.671, p = .000, r = .348).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lectures with peer-instruction pauses increase student recall and comprehension compared with traditional lectures.
authors.forename: Niu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Charles N R
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Henderson
keywords: Active Learning; Chiropractic; Education; Teaching