title: Cryptococcal osteomyelitis: a report of 5 cases and a review of the recent literature.
abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen associated with advanced HIV disease and other disorders associated with immune dysfunction. The pulmonary and the central nervous system are the most common manifestations of the disease. Localised osteomyelitis as the sole manifestation of extrapulmonary disease is rare. Herein, we present five cases of Cryptococcus osteomyelitis as the only manifestation of extrapulmonary disease. We also identified 84 additional cases of isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis in the literature. Using these data, we have made some general recommendations regarding an approach to treatment of this uncommon clinical entity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Medaris
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Zane
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Trinity Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Brookwood Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lapidus
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larrison
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pappas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; osteomyelitis