title: The metabolic profiles of pterin compounds as potential biomarkers of bladder cancer-Integration of analytical-based approach with biostatistical methodology.
abstract: Cancer disease is the second leading cause of death across the world. The analysis of potential biomarkers of cancer can be useful in cancer screening or cancer diagnosis, and may provide valuable information on the disease risk and progression. Pterin compounds have been studied as candidates of potential biomarkers as their elevated levels have been reported in various cancer diseases. The objective of the study was to compare the profiles of six pterin compounds in urine of 35 healthy subjects and 46 patients diagnosed of bladder cancer with the use of HPLC coupled with fluorimetric detection. The results of the chromatographic analysis together with biostatistical-based approach showed, that the concentrations of pterin compounds in bladder cancer patients were higher as compared to healthy individuals, and statistically significant differences between patients and controls were reported for xanthopterin and isoxanthopterin. Moreover, gender-specific analysis revealed, that the concentrations of pterins in the group of women reached higher values in comparison to men. For metabolites juxtaposed in pairs, namely xanthopterin and isoxanthopterin as well as for neopterin and biopterin, we found significant positive correlations in the group of both, patients and healthy individuals. We therefore conclude, that chromatographic analysis with simultaneous extensive biostatistical-based interpretation of the metabolite profiles may provide deeper understanding of the relationships between pterin metabolites. The results do not prejudge the possibility of using pterin compounds in the diagnosis of bladder tumors. However the results may have an impact on the study of bladder cancer biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, A. Jurasza 2, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. Electronic address: piotr.koslinski@cm.umk.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kośliński
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daghir-Wojtkowiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, A. Jurasza 2, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szatkowska-Wandas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markuszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Markuszewski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D056808:Biostatistics / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011622:Pterins / Q000652:urine*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011622:Pterins
keywords: Baldder cancer; Biomarkers; Biostatistics; Pterins