title: How Somatic Adult Tissues Develop Organizer Activity.
abstract: The growth and patterning of anatomical structures from specific cellular fields in developing organisms relies on organizing centers that instruct surrounding cells to modify their behavior, namely migration, proliferation, and differentiation. We discuss here how organizers can form in adult organisms, a process of utmost interest for regenerative medicine. Animals like Hydra and planarians, which maintain their shape and fitness thanks to a highly dynamic homeostasis, offer a useful paradigm to study adult organizers in steady-state conditions. Beside the homeostatic context, these model systems also offer the possibility to study how organizers form de novo from somatic adult tissues. Both extracellular matrix remodeling and caspase activation play a key role in this transition, acting as promoters of organizer formation in the vicinity of the wound. Their respective roles and the crosstalk between them just start to be deciphered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vogg
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: brigitte.galliot@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galliot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D006829:Hydra / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D020897:Organizers, Embryonic / Q000378:metabolism*; D010932:Planarians / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051153:Wnt Proteins
keywords: Adult tissues; Blastema; De novo organizer formation; Homeostasis; Hydra; Model systems; Planaria; Regeneration; Wnt signaling