title: Parent Perception of Newborn Hearing Screening: Results of a US National Survey.
abstract: An unacceptably high number of children who do not pass universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) are lost to follow-up.
  
  
  
  To provide insight into parent recall of UNHS.
  
  
  
  In this nationally representative cross-sectional survey, 2144 US parent households were surveyed in May 2012 using the Knowledge Panel. Responses of parents whose children were born before vs after UNHS implementation were compared.
  
  
  
  Outcome measures included recall of hearing screen at birth, hearing screen results, and recommendations for follow-up. All outcome measures were based on parent recall and report. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were used.
  
  
  
  The study participants included 1539 parent households and 605 nonparent households. Of the 1539 parent households surveyed, the mean age of the parents was 38.8 years (range, 18-88 years), the mean age of the children was 10.2 years (range, 0-17 years), and the mean age of children with hearing loss was 12.1 years (range, 0-17 years). A total of 1539 parents (55.8%) were women. Only 62.9% of parents (unweighted n = 950) recalled a newborn hearing screen, and among those children with risk indicators for hearing loss (n = 587), only 68.6% (unweighted n = 385) recalled a hearing screen. Higher parent educational level (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% CI, 1.17-4.41, for some college and OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.22-4.78, for a bachelor's degree; P = .03), younger age of the child (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.23; P < .001), and the presence of any risk indicator for hearing loss (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.13-2.13; P = .007) were associated with parent recall of hearing screen. Reported pass rates were higher than expected. Parent recall of follow-up recommendations was not always consistent with guidelines.
  
  
  
  Although this study is inherently limited by recall bias, the findings indicate a lack of parent awareness of UNHS. Changes in the system of reporting UNHS results are necessary to improve parent recall of screen results and improve follow-up for children who do not pass the screen.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Laryngology, Rhinology, and General Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pynnonen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Jaynee A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor3Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
authors.forename: Ericka F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor5Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Dianne C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor5Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor6Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michi.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Marci M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lesperance
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D010290:Parents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult