title: Production rate estimation of mycosporine-like amino acids in two Arctic melt ponds by stable isotope probing with NAH(13) CO3.
abstract: The net carbon uptake rate and net production rate of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were measured in phytoplankton from 2 different melt ponds (MPs; closed and open type pond) in the western Arctic Ocean using a (13) C stable isotope tracer technique. The Research Vessel Araon visited ice-covered western-central basins situated at 82°N and 173°E in the summer of 2012, when Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum. The average net carbon uptake rate of the phytoplankton in polycarbonate (PC) bottles in the closed MP was 3.24 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) (SD = ±1.12 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) ), while that in the open MP was 1.3 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) (SD = ±0.05 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) ). The net production rate of total MAAs in incubated PC bottles was highest (1.44 (SD = ±0.24) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) ) in the open MP and lowest (0.05 (SD = ±0.003) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) ) in the closed MP. The net production rate of shinorine and palythine in incubated PC bottles at the open MP presented significantly high values 0.76 (SD = ±0.12) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) and 0.53 (SD = ±0.06) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) . Our results showed that high net production rate of MAAs in the open MP was enhanced by a combination of osmotic and UVR stress and that in situ net production rates of individual MAA can be determined using (13) C tracer in MPs in Arctic sea ice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Marine Environmental Science Department, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa-3 dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 425-791, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: EunJin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
keywords: Arctic; melt pond; mycosporine-like amino acids; sea ice; stable isotope probing technique