title: D, L-Sulforaphane Loaded Fe3O4@ Gold Core Shell Nanoparticles: A Potential Sulforaphane Delivery System.
abstract: A novel design of gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles was fabricated as a potential delivery system to improve the efficiency and stability of d, l-sulforaphane as an anticancer drug. To this purpose, the surface of gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles was modified for sulforaphane delivery via furnishing its surface with thiolated polyethylene glycol-folic acid and thiolated polyethylene glycol-FITC. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The average diameters of the synthesized nanoparticles before and after sulforaphane loading were obtained ∼ 33 nm and ∼ 38 nm, respectively, when ∼ 2.8 mmol/g of sulforaphane was loaded. The result of cell viability assay which was confirmed by apoptosis assay on the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 line) as a model of in vitro-cancerous cells, proved that the bare nanoparticles showed little inherent cytotoxicity, whereas the sulforaphane-loaded nanoparticles were cytotoxic. The expression rate of the anti-apoptotic genes (bcl-2 and bcl-xL), and the pro-apoptotic genes (bax and bak) were quantified, and it was found that the expression rate of bcl-2 and bcl-xL genes significantly were decreased when MCF-7 cells were incubated by sulforaphane-loaded nanoparticles. The sulforaphane-loaded into the designed gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, acceptably induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kheiri Manjili
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma'mani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sharareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavaddod
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maedeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mashhadikhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafiee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naderi-Manesh
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013454:Sulfoxides
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D013454:Sulfoxides; C000499:ferric oxide; D006046:Gold; C016766:sulforaphane