title: Comorbidity of personality disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high comorbidity has been observed among attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and categorical personality disorders (PD). A study is conducted on the dimensional traits associated with ADHD and PD, in order to determine whether there are any differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 outpatients attending a Mental Health Clinic in Arganda (Madrid) from January 2013 to June 2015. ADHD diagnosis was evaluated with the CAARS, the CAADID, and the WURS scales, and the PD with the SCID-II-DSM-IV questionnaire. None of the patients were receiving any stimulant or atomoxetine before the study, and all patients signed the informed consent before the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high comorbidity was found with all PD clusters, especially with hyperactive and combined type ADHD. Depressive PD was associated with inattentive ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of using a questionnaire to evaluate PD, some differences can be observed between specific ADHD types and PD. More studies are needed to investigate dimensional personality traits in order to improve the diagnosis and therapeutics goals.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud Mental Arganda del Rey, Hospital del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, España. Electronic address: ljirastorza@telefonica.net.
authors.forename: Luis Javier
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Irastorza Eguskiza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación de la Salud, Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Combined attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Comorbidity; Comorbilidad; Hyperactive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Inattent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Personality disorders; Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad; Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad combinado; Trastorno por déficit de atención por inatención; Trastornos de personalidad