title: Fast, cross cultivar determination of total carotenoids in intact carrot tissue by Raman spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares calibration.
abstract: In order to speed up the breeding of orange carrots for high carotenoid content it is imperative to develop a fast and non-destructive technique. 332 roots from 86 carrot varieties grown in 2014 at the experimental farm in Høje Taastrup (DK) form the basis of this study. All roots were measured by Raman spectroscopy. The carotenoid content of the very same roots was estimated through a wet chemistry method coupled with UV-VIS at 447nm and 540nm. For the Raman spectroscopy, measurements were made on a cross section disk approximately 10cm from the root top at three different positions in the phloem. Since the top of the carrot is intact, it may still be used for growing. The final calibration model shows an uncertainty (RMSECV) of 20.5ppm, and a R(2)=0.86. It has thus proven to be well suited for prediction of carotenoids in orange carrots, and especially for ranking them according to the content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lawaetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Signe M U
authors.initials: SMU
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sabine K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.affiliation: Natural Color Division, Christian Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jørnsgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Svend B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Electronic address: aar@food.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Åsmund
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Rinnan
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Breeding; Carotenoids; Carrots; Lutein (PubChem CID: 5281243); Multivariate data analysis; Raman spectroscopy; α-Carotene (PubChem CID: 4369188); β-Carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489)