title: Progranulin Mutations Affects Brain Oscillatory Activity in Fronto-Temporal Dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical stage indicating a prodromal phase of dementia. This practical concept could be used also for fronto-temporal dementia (FTD). Progranulin (PGRN) has been recently recognized as a useful diagnostic biomarker for fronto-temporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) due to GRN null mutations. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a reliable tool in detecting brain networks changes. The working hypothesis of the present study is that EEG oscillations could detect different modifications among FTLD stages (FTD-MCI versus overt FTD) as well as differences between GRN mutation carriers versus non-carriers in patients with overt FTD.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEG in all patients and PGRN dosage in patients with a clear FTD were detected. The cognitive state has been investigated through mini mental state examination (MMSE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCI-FTD showed a significant lower spectral power in both alpha and theta oscillations as compared to overt FTD. GRN mutations carriers affected by FTLD show an increase in high alpha and decrease in theta oscillations as compared to non-carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEG frequency rhythms are sensible to different stage of FTD and could detect changes in brain oscillatory activity affected by GRN mutations.
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Rehabilitation Research Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benussi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fostinelli
authors.affiliation: Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciani
authors.affiliation: Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Binetti
authors.affiliation: Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghidoni
keywords: EEG; FTD; MCI FTD; PGRN negative; PGRN positive