title: Evaluation of Commercially Available Chikungunya Virus Immunoglobulin M Detection Assays.
abstract: Commercial chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-specific IgM detection kits were evaluated at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Public Health Agency of Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, and the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA). The Euroimmun Anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit had ≥ 95% concordance with all three reference laboratory results. The limit of detection for low CHIK IgM+ samples, as measured by serial dilution of seven sera up to 1:12,800 ranged from 1:800 to 1:3,200. The Euroimmun IIFT kit evaluated at CDC and CARPHA performed well, but required more retesting of equivocal results. The InBios CHIKjj Detect MAC-ELISA had 100% and 98% concordance with CDC and CARPHA results, respectively, and had equal sensitivity to the CDC MAC-ELISA to 1:12,800 dilution in serially diluted samples. The Abcam Anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA had high performance at CARPHA, but at CDC, performance was inconsistent between lots. After replacement of the biotinylated IgM antibody controls with serum containing CHIKV-specific IgM and additional quality assurance/control measures, the Abcam kit was rereleased and reevaluated at CDC. The reformatted Abcam kit had 97% concordance with CDC results and limit of detection of 1:800 to 1:3,200. Two rapid tests and three other CHIKV MAC-ELISAs evaluated at CDC had low sensitivity, as the CDC CHIKV IgM in-house positive controls were below the level of detection. In conclusion, laboratories have options for CHIKV serological diagnosis using validated commercial kits.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors.forename: Barbara W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors.forename: Christin H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Viral Zoonosis, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.affiliation: Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: P Martinez
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: de Salazar
authors.affiliation: Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valadere
authors.affiliation: Viral Zoonosis, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Drebot
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002170:Canada; D017691:Caribbean Region; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic