title: Modifying release characteristics from 3D printed drug-eluting products.
abstract: This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boetker
authors.affiliation: Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jorrit Jeroen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Water
authors.affiliation: Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.affiliation: Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lærke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arnfast
authors.affiliation: Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bohr
authors.affiliation: Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: jukka.rantanen@sund.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rantanen
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D065546:Drug Liberation; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D012212:Rheology; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C033616:poly(lactide); D002482:Cellulose; D009582:Nitrofurantoin; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose
keywords: 3D printing biofilm; Antimicrobial implant; Biodegradable polymers; Controlled release/delivery; Extrusion; Polylactic acid (PLA); Rheology