title: Temporomandibular joint involvement as a positive clinical prognostic factor in necrotising external otitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Necrotising otitis externa is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigated whether temporomandibular joint involvement had any prognostic effect on the course of necrotising otitis externa in patients who had undergone hyperbaric oxygen therapy after failed medical and sometimes surgical therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series was conducted of patients in whom antibiotic treatment and surgery had failed, who had been hospitalised for further treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients with necrotising otitis externa were identified. The temporomandibular joint was involved in four patients (17 per cent); these patients showed a constant gradual improvement in C-reactive protein and were eventually discharged free of disease, except one patient who was lost to follow up. Four patients (16 per cent) without temporomandibular joint involvement died within 90 days of discharge, while all patients with temporomandibular joint involvement were alive. Three patients (13 per cent) without temporomandibular joint involvement needed recurrent hospitalisation including further hyperbaric oxygen therapy; no patients with temporomandibular joint involvement required such treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with temporomandibular joint involvement had lower rates of recurrent disease and no mortality. Therefore, we suggest considering temporomandibular joint involvement as a positive prognostic factor in necrotising otitis externa management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Assaf Harofeh Medical Center,Zerifin,affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeheskeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Assaf Harofeh Medical Center,Zerifin,affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Israel.
authors.forename: R Abu
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Eta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology,Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute,Melbourne,Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gavriel
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology,Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute,Melbourne,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kleid
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Assaf Harofeh Medical Center,Zerifin,affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eviatar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003646:Debridement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010032:Otitis Externa / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: External Otitis; Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy; Prognosis; Temporomandibular Joint; Therapeutics