title: Diagnosing and Treating Intolerance to Carbohydrates in Children.
abstract: Intolerance to carbohydrates is relatively common in childhood, but still poorly recognized and managed. Over recent years it has come to the forefront because of progresses in our knowledge on the mechanisms and treatment of these conditions. Children with intolerance to carbohydrates often present with unexplained signs and symptoms. Here, we examine the most up-to-date research on these intolerances, discuss controversies relating to the diagnostic approach, including the role of molecular analysis, and provide new insights into modern management in the pediatric age, including the most recent evidence for correct dietary treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. berni@unina.it.|European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. berni@unina.it.|CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. berni@unina.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berni Canani
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. cinzia.pezzella@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vincenza
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pezzella
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. antonioamoroso87@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amoroso
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. tom.cozzolino@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cozzolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. carmendiscala@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Scala
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy. annalisa.passariello@unina.it.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Passariello
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002239:Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007787:Lactose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: FODMAPs intolerance; breath test; fructose malabsorption; glucose-galactose malabsorption; lactose intolerance; molecular analysis; sorbitol intolerance; sucrase-isomaltase deficiency; trehalose intolerance