title: Dietary Geraniol by Oral or Enema Administration Strongly Reduces Dysbiosis and Systemic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice.
abstract: (Trans)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, commonly called geraniol (Ge-OH), is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol with well-known anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antimicrobial properties. It is widely used as a preservative in the food industry and as an antimicrobial agent in animal farming. The present study investigated the role of Ge-OH as an anti-inflammatory and anti-dysbiotic agent in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Ge-OH was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice at daily doses of 30 and 120 mg kg((-1)) body weight, starting 6 days before DSS treatment and ending the day after DSS removal. Furthermore, Ge-OH 120 mg kg((-1)) dose body weight was administered via enema during the acute phase of colitis to facilitate its on-site action. The results show that orally or enema-administered Ge-OH is a powerful antimicrobial agent able to prevent colitis-associated dysbiosis and decrease the inflammatory systemic profile of colitic mice. As a whole, Ge-OH strongly improved the clinical signs of colitis and significantly reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in colonocytes and in the gut wall. Ge-OH could be a powerful drug for the treatment of intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Biology Unit, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Fazio
authors.affiliation: Biology Unit, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spisni
authors.affiliation: Biology Unit, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavazza
authors.affiliation: Biology Unit, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strillacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candela
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Centanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campieri
authors.affiliation: Biology Unit, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Valerii
keywords: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis; dysbiosis; geraniol; inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)