title: Nanopore Event-Transduction Signal Stabilization for Wide pH Range under Extreme Chaotrope Conditions.
abstract: Operation of an α-hemolysin nanopore transduction detector is found to be surprisingly robust over a critical range of pH (6-9), including physiological pH = 7.4 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pH = 8.4, and extreme chaotrope concentration, including 5 M urea. The engineered transducer molecule that is captured in the standard α-hemolysin nanopore detector, to transform it into a transduction detector, appears to play a central role in this stabilization process by stabilizing the channel against gating during its capture. This enables the nanopore transduction detector to operate as a single molecule "nanoscope" in a wide range of conditions, where tracking on molecular state is possible in a variety of different environmental conditions. In the case of streptavidin biosensing, results are shown for detector operation when in the presence of extreme (5 M) urea concentration. Complications involving degenerate states are encountered at higher chaotrope concentrations, but since the degeneracy is only of order two, this is easily absorbed into the classification task as in prior work. This allows useful detector operation over a wide range of conditions relevant to biochemistry, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Connecticut College, Box #5564, 270 Mohegan Ave., New London, CT 06320, USA. swinters@conncoll.edu.|Department of Computer Science, Connecticut College, Box #5564, 270 Mohegan Ave., New London, CT 06320, USA. swinters@conncoll.edu.|Meta Logos Inc., 124 White Birch Dr., Guilford, CT 06437, USA. swinters@conncoll.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winters-Hilt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65202, USA. stoyanovA@health.missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoyanov
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D058608:Nanopores; D036103:Nanotechnology; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens
keywords: biosensor; channel current cheminformatics; nanopore detector; single-molecule biophysics; stationary signal analysis