title: Simultaneous analysis of carbohydrates and organic acids by HPLC-DAD-RI for monitoring goat's milk yogurts fermentation.
abstract: During yogurt manufacture, the lactose fermentation and organic acid production can be used to monitor the fermentation process by starter cultures and probiotic bacteria. In the present work, a simple, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography with dual detectors, diode array detector and refractive index was validated by simultaneous analysis of carbohydrates and organic acids in goat milk yogurts. In addition, pH and bacterial analysis were performed. Separation of all the compounds was performed on an Aminex HPX-87H column (300×7.8 mm, 9 µm) utilizing a 3 mmol L(-1) sulfuric acid aqueous mobile phase under isocratic conditions. Lactose, glucose, galactose, citric, lactic and formic acids were used to evaluate the following performance parameters: selectivity, linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), decision limits (CCα), detection capabilities (CCβ), recovery and robustness. For the method application a six goat milk yogurts were elaborated: natural, probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic, cupuassu fruit pulp, and probiotic with cupuassu fruit pulp. The validated method presented an excellent selectivity with no significant matrix effect, and a broad linear study range with coefficients of determination higher than 0.995. The relative standard deviation was lower than 10% under repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility conditions for the studied analytes. The LOD of the method was defined from 0.001 to 0.003 µg g(-1), and the LOQ from 0.003 to 0.013 µg g(-1). The CCα was ranged from 0.032 to 0.943 µg g(-1), and the CCβ from 0.053 to 1.604 µg g(-1). The obtained recovery values were from 78% to 119%. In addition, the method exhibited an appropriate robustness for all parameter evaluated. Base in our data, it was concluded that the performance parameters demonstrated total method adequacy for the detection and quantification of carbohydrates and organic acids in goat milk yogurts. The application of the method was successfully applied to monitoring different goat milk yogurts during fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physicochemical Control of Animal Products, Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marion Pereira
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physicochemical Control of Animal Products, Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz da Silva
authors.initials: Bda S
authors.lastname: Frasao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physicochemical Control of Animal Products, Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Reis Carneiro da Costa
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physicochemical Control of Animal Products, Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Leal
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physicochemical Control of Animal Products, Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: carlosconte@id.uff.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Adam
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conte Junior
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D005285:Fermentation; D006041:Goats; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012031:Refractometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015014:Yogurt / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D002264:Carboxylic Acids
keywords: Cupuassu pulp; Inulin; Lactic acid; Lactose; Probiotic; Validation