title: Comparison of pathogenicities of H7 avian influenza viruses via intranasal and conjunctival inoculation in cynomolgus macaques.
abstract: The outbreak of H7N9 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in China has attracted attention to H7 influenza virus infection in humans. Since we have shown that the pathogenicity of H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses in macaques was almost the same as that in humans, we compared the pathogenicities of H7 avian influenza viruses in cynomolgus macaques via intranasal and conjunctival inoculation, which mimics natural infection in humans. H7N9 virus, as well as H7N7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, showed more efficient replication and higher pathogenicity in macaques than did H7N1 and H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. These results are different from pathogenicity in chickens as reported previously. Therefore, our results obtained in macaques help to estimate the pathogenicity of H7 avian influenza viruses in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shichinohe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.affiliation: Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamatsu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003228:Conjunctiva; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057916:Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D057920:Influenza A Virus, H7N3 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D064766:Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cynomolgus macaque; H7 subtype; Influenza viruses; Viral pathogenesis