title: Relationships of Macular Pigment Optical Density With Plasma Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Diet in an Elderly Population: The Montrachet Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) with plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and diet in an elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based study, the Montrachet (Maculopathy Optic Nerve, nuTRition neurovAsCular, and HEarT disease) study, in subjects older than 75 years. The MPOD was measured by means of the two-wavelength autofluorescence technique. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin were measured in fasting blood samples using HPLC. Food frequency consumption was assessed with self-reported food frequency questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 433 healthy participants (62.1% females) were included. Mean age was 82.0 ± 3.6 years. Mean MPOD at 0.5° eccentricity was 0.57 ± 0.25 density units (DU) and was higher in women than in men (0.59 ± 0.25 vs. 0.53 ± 0.25, P = 0.017). The MPOD was lower in alcohol consumers than in non-alcohol consumers (0.55 ± 0.25 vs. 0.61 ± 0.25, P = 0.016). Median plasma lutein and zeaxanthin levels were 281.4 μg/L and 20.0 μg/L, respectively, and were higher in women (P = 0.010 and P = 0.003, respectively). The MPOD was positively correlated with plasma lutein and zeaxanthin (r = 0.10, P = 0.030 and r = 0.11, P = 0.027, respectively). A higher consumption of squash was associated with higher plasma lutein and zeaxanthin. Adjusting for confounders and diet revealed that MPOD was weakly associated with plasma lutein in nonsmokers (β = 0.11, P = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that plasma lutein is associated with MPOD after taking into account potential confounding factors in an elderly population.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Dijon, France; University Hospital, Clinical Center Investigation, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical trials Unit, Dijon, France 2INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 3CNRS.
authors.forename: Seydou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alassane
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Dijon, France; University Hospital, Clinical Center Investigation, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical trials Unit, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Binquet
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Dijon, France; University Hospital, Clinical Center Investigation, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical trials Unit, Dijon, France 5INSERM, U866, Epidemiology and Clinical Research in Digestive Oncology Team, Dijon.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cottet
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 3CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 4Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, Fran.
authors.forename: Niyazi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1432, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Dijon, France; University Hospital, Clinical Center Investigation, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical trials Unit, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: University Bordeaux, ISPED, F-33000 Bordeaux, France 8INSERM, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delcourt
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 3CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 4Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, Fran.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bretillon
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 3CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 4Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, Fran.
authors.forename: Alain M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 3CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France 4Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, Fran.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Creuzot-Garcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood*; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000378:metabolism; D065348:Macular Pigment / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014505:Urban Population; D014792:Visual Acuity; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D065348:Macular Pigment; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D014975:Lutein