title: The Impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Prescribing Guidelines on Emergency Department Opioid Prescribing: A Multi-Center Survey.
abstract: Emergency department (ED) providers are high volume but low quantity prescribers of opioid analgesics (OA). Few studies have examined differences in opioid prescribing decisions specifically among ED providers. The aim of this study was to describe OA prescribing decisions of ED providers at geographically diverse centers, including utilization of prescribing guidelines and prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP).
  
  
  
  This was a multi-center cross-sectional Web-based survey of ED providers who prescribe OA. Respondents were asked about their OA prescribing decisions, their use of PDMPs, and their use of prescribing guidelines. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests of association were used to assess the relationship between providers' opioid prescribing decisions and independent covariates.
  
  
  
  The total survey population was 957 individuals and 515 responded to the survey for an overall response rate of 54%. The frequency respondents prescribed different types of pain medication was variable between centers. of respondents were registered to access a PDMP, and were not aware whether their state had a PDMP. Forty percent (172/426) of respondents used OA prescribing guidelines, while 24% (103/426) did not, and 35% (151/426) were unaware of prescribing guidelines. No significant differences in OA prescribing decisions were found between groups either by use of PDMP or by guideline adherence.
  
  
  
  In this multi-center survey study of ED clinicians, OA prescribing varied between centers The utilization of prescribing guidelines and PDMPs was not associated with differences in OA prescribing decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pomerleau
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lewis S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salzman
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanmarie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perrone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000073958:Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000067490:Prescription Drug Overuse / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Opioids; Pain Management; Prescription Drug Abuse; Prescription Drug Monitoring Program