title: Ectopic recurrence of pediatric craniopharyngiomas after gross total resection: a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectopic recurrent craniopharyngioma is rare. We reported two pediatric cases and reviewed the related literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 177 craniopharyngioma cases treated by the senior author (Yuan X) between years 2003 and 2013. Two ectopic recurrent craniopharyngiomas were identified. One was discovered under the right frontal lobe and the other was found in the fourth ventricle. Both patients underwent a second radical resection without complications. Then we conducted an extensive review of peer-reviewed, English-language literatures in the US National Library of Medicine, focusing on the treatment modalities, recurrent sites, and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty ectopic recurrent tumors have been reported so far (including this study). Thirty-three tumors were located in the previous surgical corridors and 27 were disseminated along the cerebrospinal fluid pathway. All recurrent tumors were surgically removed. The gross total resection (GTR) rates were 87 and 63 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The natural course of recurrent ectopic craniopharyngiomas is progressive. GTR is the treatment of choice. Regular follow-ups are strongly recommended to detect any further recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, Neurosurgery Institute of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.|Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, Neurosurgery Institute of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.|Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, Neurosurgery Institute of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. xry69@163.com.|Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China. xry69@163.com.
authors.forename: Xianrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Craniopharyngioma; Ectopic recurrence; Metastasis; Seeding