title: Basic fibroblast growth factor eluting microspheres enhance distraction enterogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if distraction enterogenesis using self-expanding polycaprolactone (PCL) springs is a potential therapy for short bowel syndrome. Sustained release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) microspheres have been shown to induce angiogenesis and intestinal regeneration in tissue engineered scaffolds. We hypothesized that the provision of bFGF-loaded microspheres would increase angiogenesis and thereby enhance the process of enterogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-mm segment of rodent jejunum was isolated and an encapsulated PCL spring inserted. Blank or bFGF-loaded microspheres were delivered to the segment. After 4weeks, jejunal segments were assessed for lengthening, morphology, quantification of blood vessels, and ganglia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lengthened intestinal segments receiving bFGF microspheres demonstrated significantly increased microvascular density compared to those with blank microspheres. There were also significantly more submucosal and myenteric ganglia in the segments that received bFGF microspheres. Segments achieved similar lengthening and final muscular thickness in both blank and bFGF groups, but the bFGF microsphere caused a significant increase in luminal diameter of the jejunal segment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sustained release bFGF microspheres enhanced distraction enterogenesis through improved vascularity. The synergy of growth factors such as bFGF with distraction enterogenesis may yield improved results for the future treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rouch
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Ziyad B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Jabaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Elvin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Shant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shekherdimian
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. Electronic address: jdunn@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: James C Y
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000601:surgery; D008863:Microspheres; D023421:Models, Animal; D011091:Polyesters; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000379:methods*; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: Basic fibroblast growth factor; Mechanical enterogenesis; PLGA microspheres; Short bowel syndrome