title: Health Related Quality of Life, Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Awareness of factors associated with quality of life (QOL) in patients with beta-Thalassemia major (β-TM) is necessary to develop clinical programs in order to improve social support and QOL in β-TM patients. This study aimed to examine QoL, depression, anxiety, and stress in β-TM patients in Ahvaz, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on173 β-TM patients aged ≥12 years (12-18=55, ≥19=118). Subjects were selected using a census method. Data collection instrument consisted of three parts including: demographic questions, SF-36 questionnaire and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DAS-21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants obtained a mean score of 64.38±18.20 for QOL, 6.4±5.1 for depression, 4.8±3.9 for anxiety, and 7.3±4.9 for stress. Significant relationship was found between QOL and employment (P=0.02) and education level (P<0.001). Patients in the age group of 12-18 years old had higher mean scores in the majority of QoL dimensions than those aged ≤19. The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were higher in patients aged ≤19. No significant correlation was observed between QOL and depression, anxiety, stress scores, and other demographic variables. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation was found between QOL and depression (P<0.001,r= -0.62), anxiety (P<0.001,r= -0.55), and stress scores (P<0.001, r= -0.5) .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that β-TM patients experienced a considerable decrease both in their overall QoL and in its dimensions. A majority of the β-TM patients were also suffered from mild to severe depression, anxiety, and stress.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adib-Hajbaghery
authors.affiliation: Lecturer in Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: MS.c student in Nursing, Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
authors.forename: Poormansouri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: S
keywords: Anxiety; Beta-Thalassemia Major; Depression; Quality of life; Stress