title: Parent binge eating and restrictive feeding practices: Indirect effects of parent's responses to child's negative emotion.
abstract: Parents' emotion regulation difficulties are related to binge eating (BE), and to responses to children's negative emotion. However, less is known about how responses to children's negative emotion are related to eating and feeding in the parenting context. We examined the degree to which BE had both direct and indirect effects on parental restrictive feeding practices, through parents' reported responses to negative emotion.
  
  
  
  Parents of preschoolers (n=441) completed validated questionnaires about their feeding strategies, responses to children's negative emotion, and their children's eating behaviors. Height and weight were measured in children and self-reported by parents. Unsupportive (Distress, Minimizing, and Punitive), and Supportive (Emotion-focused, Problem-focused, and Expressive Encouragement) responses to negative emotion were measured using the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale.
  
  
  
  Parent's BE was correlated with Distress responses, Restriction for health, and Restriction for weight control. Controlling for confounders, BE was associated with Restriction for weight control, and Restriction for health. Model testing revealed that BE had significant direct (R(2) [SE]=.073 [.031], 95% CI [.013, .134]) and indirect effects (R(2) [SE]=.011 [.005], 95% CI [.003, .023]) on Restriction for weight control, through Distress responses, but only indirect effects on Restriction for health (R(2) [SE]=.018 [.009], 95% CI [.004, .039]).
  
  
  
  This study shows an association between emotion regulation and energy-intake regulation in the parenting context. Efforts to modify feeding practices may be more effective if parents' eating behaviors and their emotional responsiveness to distress are taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program (ITOPP), Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Doris Kelly Christopher Hall, 904 W. Nevada St., MC-081, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: saltzmn2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Jaclyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.affiliation: Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program (ITOPP), Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; School of Social Work, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Medical Science Building, MC-714, 506 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: jliechty@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liechty
authors.affiliation: Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program (ITOPP), Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Doris Kelly Christopher Hall, 904 W. Nevada St., MC-081, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: kbost@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bost
authors.affiliation: Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program (ITOPP), Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Doris Kelly Christopher Hall, 904 W. Nevada St., MC-081, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign, 904 W. Nevada Street, MC-081, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: bhfiese@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Barbara H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Fiese
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002032:Bulimia / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Binge eating; Emotion; Emotion regulation; Energy regulation; Feeding behavior; Parental feeding practices