title: Extracellular Vesicles and MicroRNAs: Their Role in Tumorigenicity and Therapy for Brain Tumors.
abstract: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, microRNAs have also been found to be localized to the extracellular space, often encapsulated in secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). This tandem of EVs and tissue-specific expressed/secreted microRNAs that can be taken up by neighboring or distant recipient cells, leading to changes in gene expression-suggests a cell-specialized role in physiological and pathological conditions. The complexity of solid tumors and their distinct pathophysiology relies on interactive communications between the various cell types in the neoplasm (tumor, endothelial, or macrophages, for instance). Understanding how such EV/microRNA-mediated communication occurs may actually lead to avenues for therapeutic exploitation and/or intervention, particularly for the most formidable cancers, such as those in the brain. In this review, the role of microRNAs/EVs in brain tumors will be discussed with emphasis on how these molecules could be utilized for tumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bronisz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godlewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. Eachiocca@partners.org.
authors.forename: E Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Chiocca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008954:Models, Biological; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Cancer stem cells; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; GBM; Glioblastoma multiforme; microRNA