title: Self-Monitoring Artificial Red Cells with Sufficient Oxygen Supply for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical cancer treatments. However, native hypoxic tumoural microenvironment and lacking oxygen supply are the major barriers hindering photodynamic reactions. To solve this problem, we have developed biomimetic artificial red cells by loading complexes of oxygen-carrier (hemoglobin) and photosensitizer (indocyanine green) for boosted photodynamic strategy. Such nanosystem provides a coupling structure with stable self-oxygen supply and acting as an ideal fluorescent/photoacoustic imaging probe, dynamically monitoring the nanoparticle biodistribution and the treatment of PDT. Upon exposure to near-infrared laser, the remote-triggered photosensitizer generates massive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) with sufficient oxygen supply. Importantly, hemoglobin is simultaneously oxidized into the more active and resident ferryl-hemoglobin leading to persistent cytotoxicity. ROS and ferryl-hemoglobin synergistically trigger the oxidative damage of xenograft tumour resulting in complete suppression. The artificial red cells with self-monitoring and boosted photodynamic efficacy could serve as a versatile theranostic platform.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.|Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingbin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for High Performance Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Fungming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Guanhui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Zonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Cuifang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Lintao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000737:chemistry*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D000072258:Tumor Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007208:Indocyanine Green