title: Bladder Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: Current Knowledge and Concepts.
abstract: Bladder cancer is the most prevalent malignancy of the urinary tract and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Preventative efforts to reduce the medical and financial burdens of bladder cancer are highly desirable. However, the utilization of natural and pharmaceutical products for the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer remains largely controversial. Herein, we review the current body of evidence surrounding a number of natural dietary substances and their roles in chemoprevention of bladder cancer. Possible chemopreventative properties of several pharmaceutical agents are also reviewed. Overall, the current body of evidence is insufficient to establish a clear link between these proposed chemopreventive agents and risk of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, Urology Department, University of California, California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: N Rezakahn
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Khajeh
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, Urology Department, University of California, California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khoyilar
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, Urology Department, University of California, California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, Urology Department, University of California, California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spradling
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, Urology Department, University of California, California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, Urology Department, University of California, California, Irvine, CA, United States.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Youssef
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D059808:Polyphenols; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D014815:Vitamins; D008687:Metformin
keywords: Bladder cancer; Chemoprevention; DNA; Vitamin D; green tea; heterogeneous disease.