title: Analysis of the embryo proteome of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) seeds reveals a distinct class of proteins regulating dormancy release.
abstract: Acer pseudoplatanus seeds are characterized by a deep physiological embryo dormancy that requires a few weeks of cold stratification in order to promote germination. Understanding the function of proteins and their related metabolic pathways, in conjunction with the plant hormones implicated in the breaking of seed dormancy, would expand our knowledge pertaining to this process. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to analyze the changes occurring in seeds in response to cold stratification, which leads to dormancy release. In addition, the involvement of abscisic (ABA) and gibberellic acids (GA) was also examined. Fifty-three proteins showing significant changes were identified by mass spectrometry. An effect of ABA on protein variation was observed at the beginning of stratification, while the influence of GA on protein abundance was observed during the middle phase of stratification. The majority of proteins associated with dormancy breaking in the presence of only water, and also ABA or GA, were classified as being involved in metabolism and genetic information processing. For metabolic-related proteins, the effect of ABA on protein abundance was stimulatory for half of the proteins and inhibitory for half of the proteins. On the other hand, the effect on genetic information processing related proteins was stimulatory. GA was found to upregulate both metabolic-related and genetic information processing-related proteins. While seed dormancy breaking depends on proteins involved in a variety of processes, proteins associated with methionine metabolism (adenosine kinase, methionine synthase) and glycine-rich RNA binding proteins appear to be of particular importance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland. Electronic address: tapawlow@man.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz Andrzej
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pawłowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Staszak
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D031002:Acer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology; D057445:Plant Dormancy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014197:Trees; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D020543:Proteome; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C007842:gibberellic acid
keywords: Development; Gene expression; Germination; Plant hormones; Tree; Woody plants