title: GADD45 proteins inhibit HIV-1 replication through specific suppression of HIV-1 transcription.
abstract: GADD45 proteins are a group of stress-induced proteins and participate in various cellular pathways including cell cycle regulation, cell survival and death, DNA repair and demethylation. It was recently shown that HIV-1 infection induces the expression of GADD45 proteins. However, the effect of GADD45 on HIV-1 replication has not been studied. Here, we report that overexpression of GADD45 proteins reduces HIV-1 production through suppressing transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter. This inhibitory effect is specific to HIV-1, since GADD45 proteins neither inhibit the LTR promoters from other retroviruses nor reduce the production of these viruses. Knockdown of endogenous GADD45 modestly activates HIV-1 in the J-Lat A72 latency cell line, which suggests GADD45 proteins might play a role in maintaining HIV-1 latency.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: liangzhibin@mail.nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: sunflower0430@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruikang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: zhanghui90111@126.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: zhangsuzhen819819@163.com.
authors.forename: Suzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: huxm189@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: juantan@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1E2; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada. Electronic address: chen.liang@mcgill.edu.ca.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: wentaoqiao@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C439070:GADD45A protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
keywords: GADD45; HIV-1; LTR; Latency; Transcription