title: Effective delivery of immunosuppressive drug molecules by silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, molecular imaging, and cellular imaging. Various surface modifications have been applied to the particles to stabilize their surface and to give them a moiety for anchoring tags and/or drug molecules. Conventional methods of delivering immunosuppressant drugs often require a high dose of drugs to ensure therapeutic effects, but this can lead to toxic side effects. In this study, we used silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IOSs) for a drug delivery application in which the nanoparticles carry the minimum amount of drug required to be effective to the target cells. IOSs could be loaded with water-insoluble immunosuppressive drug molecules (MPA: mycophenolic acid) and be used as a contrast agent for MRI. We characterized the IOSs for their physicochemical properties and found their average hydrodynamic diameter and core size to be 40.5nm and 5nm, respectively. Following the introduction of MPA-loaded IOSs (IOS/M), we evaluated the secretion dynamics of cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The results showed that IOS/M effectively inhibited the secretion of the cytokines interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α, with a minimal concentration of MPA. In conclusion, IOS/M may have potential applications in both efficient drug delivery and MRI.
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jangsun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunwon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jieun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwan Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Cellular Imaging Section, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Assaf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gilad
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hansoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jonghoonc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jonghoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000499:ferric oxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid
keywords: Drug delivery; Immunosuppressive drug; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mycophenolic acid