title: Phosphate Treatment Strongly Inhibits New Arbuscule Development But Not the Maintenance of Arbuscule in Mycorrhizal Rice Roots.
abstract: Phosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but its availability to roots is limited in soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a promising strategy for improving plant P acquisition. However, P fertilizer reduces fungal colonization (P inhibition) and compromises mycorrhizal P uptake, warranting studies on the mechanistic basis of P inhibition. In this study, early morphological changes in P inhibition were identified in rice (Oryza sativa) using fungal cell wall staining and live-cell imaging of plant membranes that were associated with arbuscule life cycles. Arbuscule density decreased, and aberrant hyphal branching was observed in roots at 5 h after P treatment. Although new arbuscule development was severely inhibited, preformed arbuscules remained intact and longevity remained constant. P inhibition was accelerated in the rice pt11-1 mutant, which lacks P uptake from arbuscule branches, suggesting that mature arbuscules are stabilized by the symbiotic P transporter under high P condition. Moreover, P treatment led to increases in the number of vesicles, in which lipid droplets accumulated and then decreased within a few days. The development of new arbuscules resumed within by 2 d. Our data established that P strongly and temporarily inhibits new arbuscule development, but not intraradical accommodation of AM fungi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (Y.K., Y.O., K.Y., T.F.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (C.S.); andNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center Agro-Environmental Research Division, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan (Y.K., R.O.) kobae@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9997-490X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobae
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (Y.K., Y.O., K.Y., T.F.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (C.S.); andNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center Agro-Environmental Research Division, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan (Y.K., R.O.).
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (Y.K., Y.O., K.Y., T.F.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (C.S.); andNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center Agro-Environmental Research Division, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan (Y.K., R.O.).
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8867-5085
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (Y.K., Y.O., K.Y., T.F.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (C.S.); andNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center Agro-Environmental Research Division, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan (Y.K., R.O.).
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (Y.K., Y.O., K.Y., T.F.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (C.S.); andNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center Agro-Environmental Research Division, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan (Y.K., R.O.).
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (Y.K., Y.O., K.Y., T.F.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (C.S.); andNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center Agro-Environmental Research Division, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan (Y.K., R.O.).
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D036226:Seedlings / Q000382:microbiology; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D010758:Phosphorus