title: Early pregnancy fasting plasma glucose and lipid concentrations in pregnancy and association to offspring size: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperlipidemia and high fasting plasma glucose levels at the first prenatal visit (First Visit FPG) are both related to gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal obesity/overweight and fetal overgrowth. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlation between First Visit FPG and lipid concentrations, and their potential association with offspring size at delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women that received regular prenatal care and delivered in our center in 2013 were recruited for the study. Fasting plasma glucose levels were tested at the first prenatal visit (First Visit FPG) and prior to delivery (Before Delivery FPG). HbA1c and lipid profiles were examined at the time of OGTT test. Maternal and neonatal clinical data were collected for analysis. Data was analyzed by independent sample t test, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square test, followed by partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses to confirm association. Statistical significance level was α =0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses were based on 1546 mother-baby pairs. First Visit FPG was not correlated with any lipid parameters after adjusting for maternal pregravid BMI, maternal age and gestational age at First Visit FPG. HbA1c was positively correlated with triglyceride and Apolipoprotein B in the whole cohort and in the NGT group after adjusting for maternal age and maternal BMI at OGTT test. Multiple linear regression analyses showed neonatal birth weight, head circumference and shoulder circumference were all associated with First Visit FPG and triglyceride levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fasting plasma glucose at first prenatal visit is not associated with lipid concentrations in mid-pregnancy, but may influence fetal growth together with triglyceride concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
authors.forename: Langhui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China. wzlsums@163.com.
authors.forename: Zilian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000209:etiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Fasting plasma glucose; Fetal growth; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Lipid metabolism; Triglyceride