title: Effect of Carbamide Peroxide on the Push-out Bond Strength of Different Composition Glass-Ionomer Cement to Root Canal Dentin when used as Cervical Barrier.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of 37% carbamide peroxide on the bond strength of conventional or resin-modified glass-ionomer cements when used as a cervical barrier in endodontically-treated teeth.
  
  
  
  After root canal instrumentation and obturation, 40 specimens of the cement-enamel junction were obtained after transversal root canal sectioning from human extracted canines. The root canal specimens were standardized and filled with the following materials (n = 10, each group): G1: zinc phosphate (control), G2: Ketac glass-ionomer, G3: vitrebond glass-ionomer or G4: GC GL glass-ionomer. After 24 hours, the specimens were subjected to an application of 37% carbamide peroxide for 21 days, changed each 7 days and stored in an artificial pulp chamber. The specimens were then submitted to push-out bond strength testing with an electromechanical test machine (EMIC) and the failure mode in each specimen was analyzed with confocal microscopy (LEXT).
  
  
  
  G3 and G4 showed higher bond strengths values than the other groups (p < 0.05), and were similar to each other (p > 0.05). G1 showed the lowest bond strength value (p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Glass-ionomer cements showed higher bond strength values than the zinc phosphate cement, and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements presented the highest push-out values to root canal dentin (GC, GL and Vitrebond).
  
  
  
  Glass ionomer cements are recommended to use as cervical barrier materials before the internal dental bleaching, but its efficiency is questionable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, CEUMA University, Sao Luis, MA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suellen Nogueira Linares
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Venção
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriam Graziele
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Magro
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aimeé Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guiotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Claudio Martins
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Segalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Keren Crisitina Fagundes
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jordão-Basso
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Weber Adad
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, School of Dentistry, University of Cuiaba-UNIC, Cuiaba MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mateus Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tonetto
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, CEUMA University, Rua Jossue Montello, 01, Renascenca, CEP 65075-120, Sao Luis, MA Brazil, e-mail: mbandeca@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matheus Coelho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bandéca
mesh_terms: D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D003804:Dentin; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019279:Resin Cements; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010545:Peroxides; D019279:Resin Cements; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea
keywords: Bleaching agents; Carbamide peroxide; Dentin-bonding agents; Endodontic; Glass ionomer cements