title: Carpal bones of Nacholapithecus kerioi, a Middle Miocene Hominoid From Northern Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The carpal bones of the middle Miocene hominoid Nacholapithecus kerioi are described based on new materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The materials comprise a trapezoid, three capitates, two hamates, a centrale, a lunate, a triquetrum, and a pisiform, collected during the 2001 and 2002 field seasons from Nachola, Kenya. We also describe a pisiform recently assigned to the type specimen of N. kerioi, KNM-BG 35250.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Nacholapithecus wrist, the ulnar styloid process articulates with both the triquetrum and pisiform, and the triquetrum facet on the hamate is relatively proximodistally oriented in dorsal view. The Nacholapithecus capitate possesses a moderate distopalmar hook-like process and separated radial articular facets for the trapezoid and the second metacarpal due to the carpometacarpal ligament attachment that is absent in the Proconsul capitate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The carpal anatomy of Nacholapithecus is similar to that of the early Miocene hominoid Proconsul. However, Nacholapithecus wrist anatomy appears to exhibit slightly more emphasized stability. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:469-482, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.affiliation: Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, the George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052.|Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense número, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almécija
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatsukasa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 840-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Business Administration, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, 612-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kunimatsu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makishima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, 484-0081, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, 981-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujikawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kagaya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005580:Fossils; D015186:Hominidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male
keywords: hand; hominoid; proconsul; wrist