title: O-Specific Polysaccharide-Specific Memory B Cell Responses in Young Children, Older Children, and Adults Infected with Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in Bangladesh.
abstract: Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 confers at least 3 to 10 years of protection against subsequent disease regardless of age, despite a relatively rapid fall in antibody levels in peripheral blood, suggesting that memory B cell responses may play an important role in protection. The V. cholerae O1-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for serogroup specificity, and it is unclear if young children are capable of developing memory B cell responses against OSP, a T cell-independent antigen, following cholera. To address this, we assessed OSP-specific memory B cell responses in young children (2 to 5 years, n = 11), older children (6 to 17 years, n = 21), and adults (18 to 55 years, n = 28) with cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We also assessed memory B cell responses against LPS and vibriocidal responses, and plasma antibody responses against OSP, LPS, and cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB; a T cell-dependent antigen) on days 2 and 7, as well as days 30, 90, and 180 after convalescence. In all age cohorts, vibriocidal responses and plasma OSP, LPS, and CtxB-specific responses peaked on day 7 and fell toward baseline over the follow-up period. In comparison, we were able to detect OSP memory B cell responses in all age cohorts of patients with detectable responses over baseline for 90 to 180 days. Our results suggest that OSP-specific memory B cell responses can occur following cholera, even in the youngest children, and may explain in part the age-independent induction of long-term immunity following naturally acquired disease.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Amena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aktar
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Arifur
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afrin
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Omar
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Faruk
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Taher
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Aklima
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Israk Nur
authors.initials: MIN
authors.lastname: Sami
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tahirah
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasmin
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Fahima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ashraful I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: LaRocque
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Richelle C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Taufiqur Rahman
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandlik
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Meagan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kováč
authors.affiliation: NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Calderwood
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Firdausi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA etryan@mgh.harvard.edu.|Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019081:O Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019081:O Antigens; D002772:Cholera Toxin