title: Time-trends in rates of hospital admission of adolescents for violent, self-inflicted or drug/alcohol-related injury in England and Scotland, 2005-11: population-based analysis.
abstract: Incidence of emergency admissions for violent injury in 10- to 18-year olds decreased in England and Scotland between 2005 and 2011, but more steeply in Scotland. To generate hypotheses about causes of these differences, we determined whether trends were consistent across admissions for three common types of adversity-related injury (violent, self-inflicted and drug/alcohol-related).
  
  
  
  Emergency admissions to NHS hospitals were captured using Hospital Episode Statistics and Scottish Morbidity Records. Adversity-related injury was defined using ICD-10 codes. Analyses were stratified by sex/age groups (10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years) and adjusted for background trends in admissions for injury.
  
  
  
  During 2005-11, rates declined in all sex/age groups in Scotland (reductions adjusted for background trends ranged from -22.0 to -103.7/100 000) and in girls and boys aged <16 years in England (adjusted reductions -12.0 to -49.9/100 000). However, these rates increased in England for both sexes aged 16-18 years (adjusted increases, girls 71.8/100 000; boys 28.0/100 000). However, throughout 2005-11 overall rates remained relatively similar in England and Scotland for both sexes aged <16 years, and remained higher in Scotland for both sexes aged 16-18 years.
  
  
  
  A greater decline in the rates of emergency admissions for adversity-related injury for adolescents in Scotland compared with England could signal more effective policies in Scotland for reducing violence, self-harm, or drug/alcohol misuse, particularly for 16 to 18-year olds.
authors.affiliation: Policy, Population and Practice Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.affiliation: Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA, UK.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Room 2.09, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGhee
authors.affiliation: Policy, Population and Practice Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Policy, Population and Practice Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D013997:Time Factors; D014754:Violence; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: adolescent; drug/alcohol-related disorders; self-injurious behaviour; violence