title: Biological control of Ixodes ricinus larvae and nymphs with Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores.
abstract: The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is used as a biological pest control agent against various arthropod species, including ticks. However, the efficacy depends on tick species, tick stage and fungus strain. We studied the effect of M. anisopliae on engorged larvae and nymphs of Ixodes ricinus, the most abundant tick species in Europe, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. A significant reduction of engorged larvae and nymphs could be shown under laboratory as well as under semi-field conditions. Only 3.5% of the larvae treated in the lab and only 18.5% kept under semi-field conditions were able to develop into nymphs compared to the recovered nymphs of the control groups, which were regarded as 100%. Only 7.1% of nymphs were recovered as adult ticks after fungal treatment under semi-field conditions compared to the control (100%). The efficacy of blastospores of M. anisopliae against engorged larvae and nymphs of I. ricinus under semi-field conditions was demonstrated in this study, showing their high potential as a biological control agent of ticks. Further studies will have to investigate the effect of this agent against other stages of I. ricinus as well as other tick species before its value as a biological control agent against ticks can be fully assessed.
authors.affiliation: University of Hohenheim, Department of Parasitology, Emil-Wolff-Str. 34, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: marion.wassermann@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wassermann
authors.affiliation: University of Hohenheim, Department of Animal Ecology, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: philipp.selzer@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selzer
authors.affiliation: University of Hohenheim, Department of Animal Ecology, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: johannes.steidle@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Johannes L M
authors.initials: JLM
authors.lastname: Steidle
authors.affiliation: University of Hohenheim, Department of Parasitology, Emil-Wolff-Str. 34, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: mackenstedt@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mackenstedt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe; D018884:Ixodes / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D052981:Metarhizium; D009758:Nymph / Q000502:physiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013172:Spores, Fungal
keywords: Biological control; Blastospores; Entomopathogenic fungus; Ixodes ricinus; Metarhizium anisopliae s. l