title: Natural chemopreventive alternatives in oral cancer chemoprevention.
abstract: We studied the effect of grape seed extract Burgund Mare (BM) on oral carcinogenesis and compared it with that of curcumin (CU). Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 10): 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) oral carcinogenesis was induced to groups 1 - 5; groups 2 and 3 received BM and CU respectively during initiation and groups 4 and 5 BM and CU during post-initiation of carcinogenesis; group 6 represented the negative control group. Total malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assayed fluorometrically in oral tissue (gingival, jugal, palatal, lingual mucosa) and serum. Histopathological exam was performed and a dysplasia score given to each oral mucosal lesion. Ki67, cyclin D1, p63, Bcl2 and p53 were immunohistochemically evaluated. BM and CU reduced tissue MDA values elevated by 4NQO (P = 0.000). The difference between CU and BM effect was significant in the initiation (P = 0.02) but not in the post-initiation phase of carcinogenesis (P = 0.58). Tissue GSH levels decreased by 4NQO (P < 0.001) were not significantly modified by BM or CU. Serum MDA levels increased by 4NQO (P = 0.000) were significantly lowered by CU (P = 0.04) and BM (P = 0.04) during initiation and by CU during post-initiation of carcinogenesis (P = 0.01). CU was more potent than BM during post-initiation of carcinogenesis (P = 0.01). Serum GSH lowered by 4NQO (P = 0.55) was significantly decreased by BM and CU (P < 0.012), with no significant difference between groups receiving BM or CU. Moderate dysplasia was the most advanced dysplasia induced and gingival localization the most frequent. Both BM and CU lowered dysplasia scores, with BM being the most efficient during post-initiation of carcinogenesis (P = 0.001). Ki67, cyclin D1, p63, Bcl2 and p53 expression increased with dysplasia scores. BM showed chemopreventive properties during initiation and post-initiation of oral carcinogenesis, reducing local and general oxidative stress and the intensity of dysplasia. During post-initiation of carcinogenesis BM and CU exhibited similar effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.|Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.|Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, "Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj- Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scrobota
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolfa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. adrianafilip33@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetics and Dental Materials, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alb
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania. drovipop@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, "Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj- Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tatomir
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baciut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D003474:Curcumin