title: Pain treatment in patients with acute pancreatitis: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the analgesic effectiveness of tramadol, a synthetic opioid, was compared with paracetamol and dexketoprofen in adult patients with acute pancreatitis in the emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study drugs were similar in color and appearance, enabling the patients to be blind to the intervention. Study patients were intravenously administered 1 g paracetamol, 50 mg dexketoprofen trometamol, or 1 mg/kg tramadol with 100 mL normal saline with a 4-5 min infusion. Pain measurements of the patients were conducted at baseline and 30 min after the treatment intervention. Changes in pain scores were calculated by subtracting the median scores at baseline and 30 min as pairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 90 patients were enrolled and included in the final analysis. The study subjects had a mean age of 53.5±13.3 years and 58.9% (n=53) of them were male. Gallstones and biliary etiology for pancreatitis was documented in 73.3% (n=66) of patients. Mean VAS scores at baseline and 30 min were similar in the three groups. Similarly, the change of scores from the baseline to the 30th minute did not differ among the groups. Comparison of pain improvements failed to reveal any differences among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous paracetamol, dexketoprofen, and tramadol are not superior to each other in the management of pain caused by nontraumatic acute pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. drbediagulen@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bedia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gülen
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dur
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serinken
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Karcıoğlu
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sönmez
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000208:Acute Disease; D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014325:Tromethamine; D000082:Acetaminophen; D014147:Tramadol; D007660:Ketoprofen; C118296:dexketoprofen trometamol