title: Is a high level of total cholesterol a risk factor for dental implants or bone grafting failure? A retrospective cohort study on 227 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to verify the effect of hypercholeresterolaemia on implant and bone augmentation failures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 268 sequential patients scheduled for implant and bone augmentation surgery under conscious sedation in a private practice. Total serum cholesterol (TC) levels were assessed via blood tests before surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: TC < 200 mg/dl and TC > 200 mg/dl. A 6-month post-loading follow-up was scheduled both for implants and grafts. The outcomes considered were implant failure (removal) and graft infection/failure. The effect of cholesterol on early implant and grafting failure was investigated according to a logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and twenty-seven patients fulfilled inclusion criteria; 139 had hypercholesterolemia. The 6-month post-loading overall implant failure rate was 6.25% at patient level (2.00% at implant level). Partial or total graft infection rate was 10.2%. High TC increased by 7.48 times the odds of the grafting failure (P = 0.047; 95% CI: -0.94 to 59.23), whilst it did not modify the odds of implant failure (P = 0.749; 95% CI: 0.28 to 2.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High total serum cholesterol levels tend to increase graft failure rates whilst it did not influence implant failures.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tirone
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.forename: Lodovico
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'orsi
authors.forename: Panuello
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paola
authors.forename: Donata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D002784:Cholesterol