title: Highly Catalytic Nanodots with Renal Clearance for Radiation Protection.
abstract: Ionizing radiation (gamma and X-ray) is widely used in industry and medicine, but it can also pose a significant hazardous effect on health and induce cancer, physical deformity, and even death, due to DNA damage and invasion of free radicals. There is therefore an urgent unmet demand in designing highly efficient radioprotectants with synergetic integration of effective renal clearance and low toxicity. In this study, we designed ultrasmall (sub-5 nm) highly catalytically active and cysteine-protected MoS2 dots as radioprotectants and investigated their application in protection against ionizing radiation. In vivo preclinical studies showed that the surviving fraction of MoS2-treated mice can appreciably increase to up to 79% when they were exposed to high-energy ionizing radiation. Furthermore, MoS2 dots can contribute in cleaning up the accumulated free radicals within the body, repairing DNA damage, and recovering all vital chemical and biochemical indicators, suggesting their unique role as free radical scavengers. MoS2 dots showed rapid and efficient urinary excretion with more than 80% injected dose eliminated from the body after 24 h due to their ultrasmall hydrodynamic size and did not cause any noticeable toxic responses up to 30 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jinxuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , No. 220, Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Xiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Dehui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354, China.
authors.forename: Changlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Meixian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002470:Cell Survival; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D004249:DNA Damage; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D065608:Renal Reabsorption; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D008982:Molybdenum; D003545:Cysteine; C082964:molybdenum disulfide
keywords: MoS2 dots; radiation; radioprotectants