title: Hypogonadism and Sex Steroid Replacement Therapy in Girls with Turner Syndrome.
abstract: Turner syndrome is the most common example of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism resulting from gonadal dysgenesis. Most patients present delayed, or even absent, puberty. Premature ovarian failure can be expected even if spontaneous menarche occurs. Laboratory markers of gonadal dysgenesis are well known. The choice of optimal hormone replacement therapy in children and adolescents remains controversial, particularly regarding the age at which therapy should be initiated, and the dose and route of estrogen administration. On the basis of a review of the literature, we present the most acceptable schedule of sex steroid replacement therapy in younger patients with Turner syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Upper-Silesian Pediatric Health Center, Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: agawlik@mp.pl.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gawlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Upper-Silesian Pediatric Health Center, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hankus
authors.affiliation: Medical Students' Scientific Association, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Such
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drosdzol-Cop
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinological Gynecology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madej
authors.affiliation: Dental Clinic, "Dental City", Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Upper-Silesian Pediatric Health Center, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zachurzok
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Upper-Silesian Pediatric Health Center, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malecka-Tendera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008572:Menarche; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones
keywords: Hypogonadism; Sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT); Sex steroid replacement therapy; Turner syndrome