title: Analysis of bipolar maintenance treatment with lithium versus olanzapine utilizing Multi-state Outcome Analysis of Treatments (MOAT).
abstract: Survival analysis has superseded most other analytic techniques for maintenance treatment studies over recent decades, despite providing results based solely on a single time-point predefined event. The aim of the present study was to develop the Multi-state Outcome Analysis of Treatments (MOAT), to provide more pragmatic information for clinicians and investigators in guiding maintenance treatment decisions. The present study was one of two published studies on the development of MOAT procedures, involving a one-year comparison of olanzapine versus lithium in recently manic patients.
  
  
  
  MOAT partitions total survival time into clinically distinct periods that are operationally defined by cut points on established rating scales. For bipolar disorders, the clinical states are remission, subsyndromal and syndromal mania, mixed states, and subsyndromal and syndromal depression.
  
  
  
  MOAT re-analyses of the clinical trial revealed clinically important findings not identified when utilizing Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Compared to patients treated with lithium, patients taking olanzapine experienced significantly more time in subsyndromal depression. Patients taking lithium spent significantly more time in mixed states than did patients taking olanzapine.
  
  
  
  MOAT provided detailed information on treatment outcomes that was not provided by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Its capability to identify and aggregate time in different clinical states of bipolar disorder may aid in identifying drug effects that are important in selecting and conducting maintenance treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bowden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018020:Lithium Compounds; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine
keywords: bipolar disorder; outcome analysis; treatment