title: Predicting points of departure for risk assessment based on in vitro cytotoxicity data and physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling: The case of kidney toxicity induced by aristolochic acid I.
abstract: Aristolochic acids are naturally occurring nephrotoxins. This study aims to investigate whether physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model-based reverse dosimetry could convert in vitro concentration-response curves of aristolochic acid I (AAI) to in vivo dose response-curves for nephrotoxicity in rat, mouse and human. To achieve this extrapolation, PBK models were developed for AAI in these different species. Subsequently, concentration-response curves obtained from in vitro cytotoxicity models were translated to in vivo dose-response curves using PBK model-based reverse dosimetry. From the predicted in vivo dose-response curves, points of departure (PODs) for risk assessment could be derived. The PBK models elucidated species differences in the kinetics of AAI with the overall catalytic efficiency for metabolic conversion of AAI to aristolochic acid Ia (AAIa) being 2-fold higher for rat and 64-fold higher for mouse than human. Results show that the predicted PODs generally fall within the range of PODs derived from the available in vivo studies. This study provides proof of principle for a new method to predict a POD for in vivo nephrotoxicity by integrating in vitro toxicity testing with in silico PBK model-based reverse dosimetry.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: rozaini.abdullah@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Rozaini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wasma
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Alhusainy
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woutersen
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivonne M C M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rietjens
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ans
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Punt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034341:Aristolochic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D034341:Aristolochic Acids; D002273:Carcinogens; C000228:aristolochic acid I
keywords: Aristolochic acid I (AAI); In vitro-in vivo extrapolation; Kidney toxicity; Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; Risk assessment