title: Evaluation of agave bagasse recalcitrance using AFEX™, autohydrolysis, and ionic liquid pretreatments.
abstract: A comparative analysis of the response of agave bagasse (AGB) to pretreatment by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™), autohydrolysis (AH) and ionic liquid (IL) was performed using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, wet chemistry, enzymatic saccharification and mass balances. It has been found that AFEX pretreatment preserved all carbohydrates in the biomass, whereas AH removed 62.4% of xylan and IL extracted 25% of lignin into wash streams. Syringyl and guaiacyl lignin ratio of untreated AGB was 4.3, whereas for the pretreated biomass the ratios were 4.2, 5.0 and 4.7 for AFEX, AH and IL, respectively. Using NMR spectra, the intensity of β-aryl ether units in aliphatic, anomeric, and aromatic regions decreased in all three pretreated samples when compared to untreated biomass. Yields of glucose plus xylose in the major hydrolysate stream were 42.5, 39.7 and 26.9kg per 100kg of untreated AGB for AFEX, IL and AH, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Mexico. Electronic address: japerez@uan.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Perez-Pimienta
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flores-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Héctor A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Noppadon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sathitsuksanoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: da Costa Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Blake A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D027882:Agave / Q000737:chemistry*; D018533:Biomass; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D002482:Cellulose; C027433:bagasse
keywords: AFEX; Agave bagasse; Autohydrolysis; Biomass pretreatment; Characterization; Comparison; Ionic liquid