title: Pulmonary Abnormalities in Young, Light-Use Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers.
abstract: Waterpipes, also called hookahs, are currently used by millions of people worldwide. Despite the increasing use of waterpipe smoking, there is limited data on the health effects of waterpipe smoking and there are no federal regulations regarding its use.
  
  
  
  To assess the effects of waterpipe smoking on the human lung using clinical and biological parameters in young, light-use waterpipe smokers.
  
  
  
  We assessed young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers in comparison with lifelong nonsmokers using clinical parameters of cough and sputum scores, lung function, and chest high-resolution computed tomography as well as biological parameters of lung epithelial lining fluid metabolome, small airway epithelial (SAE) cell differential and transcriptome, alveolar macrophage transcriptome, and plasma apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles.
  
  
  
  Compared with nonsmokers, waterpipe smokers had more cough and sputum as well as a lower lung diffusing capacity, abnormal epithelial lining fluid metabolome profile, increased proportions of SAE secretory and intermediate cells, reduced proportions of SAE ciliated and basal cells, markedly abnormal SAE and alveolar macrophage transcriptomes, and elevated levels of apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles.
  
  
  
  Young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers have a variety of abnormalities in multiple lung-related biological and clinical parameters, suggesting that even limited waterpipe use has broad consequences on human lung biology and health. We suggest that large epidemiological studies should be initiated to investigate the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Strulovici-Barel
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Renat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaykhiev
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salit
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Ruba S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Deeb
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.|2 Department of Medicine, and.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kaner
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agosto-Perez
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Charleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hollmann
authors.affiliation: 3 Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and.
authors.forename: Vignesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.affiliation: 4 Pulmonary Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Almulla
authors.affiliation: 4 Pulmonary Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: 3 Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Mezey
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Staudt
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Crystal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000187:drug effects; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000652:urine; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D013909:Thorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: endothelial microparticles; pulmonary; smoking; transcriptome; waterpipe