title: Interleukin 33: an innate alarm for adaptive responses beyond Th2 immunity-emerging roles in obesity, intestinal inflammation, and cancer.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family, was originally described in 2005 as a potent initiator of type 2 immunity found during allergic inflammation and parasitic infections. IL-33 has been shown to play important and potent roles bridging innate and adaptive immunity in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, injury, and repair. Recent discoveries have extended the range of functions for IL-33 beyond type 2 conditions and its role as an alarmin at barrier sites, with emerging central roles for IL-33 in T-cell regulation, obesity, viral and tumor immunity. Here, we review the recent advances on how IL-33 activity is regulated, its immunomodulatory properties on innate and adaptive cells, and the newly discovered roles of IL-33 in obesity, intestinal inflammation, and tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.affiliation: Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ed C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lavelle
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Padraic G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fallon
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000067531:Alarmins / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004751:Enteritis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000067531:Alarmins; D016207:Cytokines; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000067596:Interleukin-33
keywords: Cytokines; Immune regulation; Innate immunity; Interleukin-33