title: Staphylococcus aureus Phenol-Soluble Modulins Impair Interleukin Expression in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.
abstract: The role of the recently described interleukin-32 (IL-32) in Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is unclear. We determined expression of IL-32, IL-6, and IL-8 in S. aureus- and Escherichia coli-infected bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. Using live bacteria, we found that in S. aureus-infected cells, induction of IL-6 and IL-8 expression was less pronounced than in E. coli-infected cells. Notably, IL-32 expression was decreased in S. aureus-infected cells, while it was increased in E. coli-infected cells. We identified the staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides as key contributors to these effects, as IL-32, IL-6, and IL-8 expression by epithelial cells exposed to psm mutant strains was significantly increased compared to that in cells exposed to the isogenic S. aureus wild-type strain, indicating that PSMs inhibit the production of these interleukins. The use of genetically complemented strains confirmed this observation. Inasmuch as the decreased expression of IL-32, which is involved in dendritic cell maturation, impairs immune responses, our results support a PSM-dependent mechanism that allows for the development of chronic S. aureus-related mastitis.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deplanche
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.|Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alekseeva
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Ksenia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Semenovskaya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Chih-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, Saint Gilles, France.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dessauge
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, Saint Gilles, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finot
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petzl
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Holm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zerbe
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Loir
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.|Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rainard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David G E
authors.initials: DGE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.|Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Germon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France nadia.berkova@rennes.inra.fr.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berkova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013045:Species Specificity; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007378:Interleukins; C025971:staphylococcal delta toxin