title: Effect of runoff discharge on the environmental levels of 13 veterinary antibiotics: A case study of Han River and Kyungahn Stream, South Korea.
abstract: In this study, the effect of heavy monsoon rains on the environmental levels of 13 veterinary pharmaceuticals was investigated. Kyungahn Stream has an annual average flow rate (AVF) of 4.2m(3)/s and receives runoffs from agricultural areas and livestock farms scattered in the upper stream area, and Han River has an AVF of 845m(3)/s with four sewage treatment plants with individual capacities of >1millionm(3)/day. Grab samples collected in three different rain seasons, before, during, and after rain, were analyzed. Kyungahn Stream and Han River showed completely different patterns of environmental levels of pharmaceuticals: the former had higher detection rates and concentrations of the pharmaceuticals during and after rainy season, implying direct influence by rainfalls, whereas in the latter, higher detection rates were observed before rain (1236ng/L of oxytetracycline (OTC), 2093ng/L of tetracycline (TC), and 793ng/L of chlorotetracycline (ChTC) as the highest values).
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul 137-867, South Korea. Electronic address: Yhkim514@hoseo.edu.
authors.forename: Younghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul 137-867, South Korea. Electronic address: Kblee5910@naver.com.
authors.forename: Kee-Bong
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea. Electronic address: kyungho@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D011891:Rain; D056910:Republic of Korea; D045483:Rivers; D012621:Seasons; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Antibiotics; Discharge characteristic; Runoff; Sewage treatment plant; Stream; Tetracycline