title: Relationships Among Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Older Heart Failure Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms for cognitive impairment in heart failure (HF) are unclear. We investigated the relative contributions of cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV), oxidative stress, and inflammation to HF-associated cognitive impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six HF patients (≥60 years) and 40 healthy controls (68 ± 7 vs 67 ± 5 years, P > .05; 69% vs 50% male, P > .05) completed the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery and Stroop tasks. Common carotid (CCA) and middle cerebral arterial BFV were obtained by transcranial Doppler. Blood samples were collected for oxidant (diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites; F2-isoprostanes), antioxidant (coenzyme Q10; CoQ10), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Compared with controls, patients exhibited impaired attention (Cognitive Drug Research's Power of Attention domain, congruent Stroop) and executive function (incongruent Stroop). Multiple regression modeling showed that CCA-BFV and CoQ10 but not group predicted performance on attention and executive function. Additionally, in HF patients, CCA-BFV and CoQ10 (β = -0.34 vs β = -0.35) were significant predictors of attention, and CCA-BFV (β = -0.34) was a predictor of executive function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Power of Attention and executive function is impaired in older HF patients, and reduced CCA-BFV and CoQ10 are associated with worse cognition. Interventions addressing these mechanisms may improve cognition in older HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia. Electronic address: ckure@swin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kure
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgical Research Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Franklin L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Rosenfeldt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Scholey
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pipingas
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine Services (Heart Centre), The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bergin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Wesnes Cognition Ltd, Streatley on Thames, UK.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wesnes
authors.affiliation: NatMed-Research, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
authors.forename: Con
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stough
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014451:Ubiquinone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Heart failure; antioxidants; blood flow velocity; cognition, oxidative stress; inflammation