title: Menopausal Health Status of Women of Kapilvastu District of Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women face numerous health problems in their post-reproductive and menopausal years, including issues such as pelvic pain, incontinence and obstetric fistula. In Nepal, the importance of these health issues is increasing with the aging of the population, yet women are often unable to access adequate health care due to entrenched gender structures and misconceptions regarding menopause. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of menopause, the associated health problems and their severity amongst women aged 40-60 years in Kapilvastu.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study was conducted in Kapilvastu district. Multi stage cluster sampling technique was adopted: Illakas of Kapilvastu were identified, then one Village Development Committee (VDC) from each Illaka of the district, and two wards from each of these VDCs, were selected randomly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of onset of menopause was 47 years (25 th and 75 percentiles = 43 and 50 years), and >90% of women had entered menopause by 54. All symptoms in the Menopause Rating Scale were experienced to some extent by at least 30% of women, even amongst the premenopausal group. The most common problems experienced by menopausal women were: sexual problems (81.7%, 95%CI: 78.0-85.4), physical and mental exhaustion (81.5%, 95%CI: 77.8-85.2) and joint and muscular discomfort (78.5%, 95%CI: 74.6-82.4). The symptoms most frequently deemed "severe" or "very severe" were: sexual problems (40.5%), joint and muscular discomfort (27.4%), and sleep problems (21.0%). th
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Middle-aged women in Kapilvastu experienced menopausal symptoms to a substantial degree. The prevalence and severity of these symptoms increased with the menopausal transition, and with increasing age. Menopause itself did not appear to be the primary risk factor for typical "menopausal" symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghimire
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhakal
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norrish
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dangal
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhimal
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Aryal
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Karki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal
keywords: Health; kapilvastu; menopause; perimenopause; premenopause; women.