title: Association of Vitamin D with outcome after intra cytoplasmic sperm injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe effects of vitamin D levels on pregnancy outcome after intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Australian Concept Infertility Medical Center from July 2011 to August 2014. Estimation of 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (25-OHD) of consented females (252) was done before treatment protocol for ICSI. Results of β hCG performed 14 days after embryo transfer categorized groups; Pregnant with ß hCG more than 25 IU/mL and rest included in non-pregnant group. Both groups were compared by independent sample t-test and Pearson's Chi Square test. Binary Logistic Regression Analysis was used to estimate odds ratio of pregnancy outcome with its predictors including Vitamin D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean value of 25-OHD, number of oocytes, fertilized oocytes and endometrial thickness was significantly higher in pregnant women. A significant positive association of 25-OHD with clinical pregnancy and thickness of endometrium was observed. After adjustment with female age and BMI, positive association of vitamin D with endometrial thickness was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deficiency of 25-OHD in females hinders the accomplishment of optimal endometrial thickness required for implantation of embryo after ICSI. The improvement in vitamin D status can thus improve success results in assisted reproductive clinics.
authors.affiliation: a Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Umme Hani
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: a Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Salima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalani
authors.affiliation: b Jinnah Sindh Medical University , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: c Civil Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan.|d House Officer (Department of Medicine) , Civil Hospital, Dow University , Karachi , Pakistan , and.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rehana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rehman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Assisted reproductive techniques; Infertility; Vitamin D; intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)