title: Screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected patients in resource-rich settings.
abstract: Current international guidelines recommend screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in HIV-infected patients in all settings. The main factors affecting the risk of TB in HIV-infected patients include the level of immunosuppression, coverage of antiretroviral therapy and local TB burden. In resource-rich settings where antiretroviral therapy is more accessible and HIV-infected patients are expected to be diagnosed at an earlier stage, local TB burden remains a key factor on their risk of TB. This article reviewed the epidemiology of latent TB infection among the adult HIV-infected patients, and the use and benefit of screening and treatment of latent TB infection in resource-rich settings in the past decade. While such practice should be continued in countries with medium or high TB burden, targeted screening and treatment only for HIV-infected patients with additional risk factors for TB might be a more practical option in resource-rich countries with low TB burden.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Ada W C
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.|b State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.|c Research Centre of Infection and Immunology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.|d Carol Yu Centre for Infection , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Susanna K P
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.|b State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.|c Research Centre of Infection and Immunology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.|d Carol Yu Centre for Infection , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Patrick C Y
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: HIV; interferon-gamma release test; isoniazid; latent tuberculosis; tuberculin tests; tuberculosis