title: Aggressive muscle-invasive bladder cancer with sarcomatoid differentiation in a 10-year-old girl: A case report.
abstract: The present study reports an unusual case of high-grade bladder cancer in a 10-year-old girl who complained of painless hematuria and urinary frequency. The tumor displayed sarcomatoid differentiation and an aggressive behavior, which required the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the disease progressed and the patient succumbed 6 months after surgery. It is known that the majority of malignant bladder cancers in pediatric patients are low-grade and present at an early stage, whereas sarcomatoid differentiation in the setting of a high-grade urothelial carcinoma is indicative of a poor prognosis. It is important that gross hematuria in pediatric patients is investigated carefully. It is recommended that the management of urothelial neoplasia in young patients should be predominantly decided on the basis of the grade and stage of the tumor rather than the age of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cizhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xinjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
keywords: adjuvant therapy; bladder cancer; children; radical cystectomy