title: Ionomycin Treatment Renders NK Cells Hyporesponsive.
abstract: Natural killer cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important in immune responses to cancer and multiple pathogens. However, chronic activation of NK cells can induce a hyporesponsive state. The molecular basis of the mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of this hyporesponsive condition are unknown, thus an easy and reproducible mechanism able to induce hyporesponsiveness on human NK cells would be very useful to gain understanding of this process. Human NK cells treated with ionomycin lose their ability to degranulate and secrete IFN-γ in response to a variety of stimuli, but IL-2 stimulation can compensate these defects. Apart from reductions in the expression of CD11a/CD18, no great changes were observed in the activating and inhibitory receptors expressed by these NK cells, however their transcriptional signature is different to that described for other hyporesponsive lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romera-Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States of America.
authors.forename: L Michael
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopez-Cobo
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: García-Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Hugh T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Reyburn
mesh_terms: D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015759:Ionomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma