title: Occurrence of and Risk Factors for Ocular Hypertension and Secondary Glaucoma in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-associated Uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence of ocular hypertension (OHT) and secondary glaucoma (SG) in JIA-associated uveitis, identify risk factors for development of these complications, and describe their effect on visual outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort of 108 patients (196 eyes) with JIA-associated uveitis seen over 30 years at an academic practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of examined eyes, 40% had OHT or SG at presentation. These eyes had a nearly three-fold higher incidence of legal blindness during follow-up, compared with eyes without OHT or SG. An additional 41 eyes developed OHT or SG during follow-up. Presenting with anterior uveitis, active inflammation, and using systemic corticosteroids were risk factors for developing OHT, while use of immunosuppressive medication at presentation reduced this risk. Risk factors for developing SG included anterior uveitis and use of systemic corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OHT and SG were common in patients with JIA-associated uveitis. Use of immunosuppressive drugs may decrease the risk of developing OHT.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology , The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Inna G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Stroh
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology , The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology , The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Bryn M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Burkholder
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology , The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Dana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hornbeak
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology , The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Theresa G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology , The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.|b Department of Epidemiology , The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thorne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; ocular hypertension; secondary glaucoma; uveitis