title: Report on errors in pretransfusion testing from a tertiary care center: A step toward transfusion safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Errors in the process of pretransfusion testing for blood transfusion can occur at any stage from collection of the sample to administration of the blood component. The present study was conducted to analyze the errors that threaten patients' transfusion safety and actual harm/serious adverse events that occurred to the patients due to these errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective study was conducted in the Department Of Transfusion Medicine, Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh Hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu, India from January 2014 to December 2014 for a period of 1 year. Errors were defined as any deviation from established policies and standard operating procedures. A near-miss event was defined as those errors, which did not reach the patient. Location and time of occurrence of the events/errors were also noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32,672 requisitions for the transfusion of blood and blood components were received for typing and cross-matching. Out of these, 26,683 products were issued to the various clinical departments. A total of 2,229 errors were detected over a period of 1 year. Near-miss events constituted 53% of the errors and actual harmful events due to errors occurred in 0.26% of the patients. Sample labeling errors were 2.4%, inappropriate request for blood components 2%, and information on requisition forms not matching with that on the sample 1.5% of all the requisitions received were the most frequent errors in clinical services. In transfusion services, the most common event was accepting sample in error with the frequency of 0.5% of all requisitions. ABO incompatible hemolytic reactions were the most frequent harmful event with the frequency of 2.2/10,000 transfusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sample labeling, inappropriate request, and sample received in error were the most frequent high-risk errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meenia
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Yasmeen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Irm
keywords: ABO incompatibility; Pretransfusion testing; errors; labeling