title: A study of mild cognitive impairment in veterans: role of hypertension and other confounding factors.
abstract: Hypertension has shown to be an important risk factor for the decline in cognitive function. Aim of our study is to investigate the presence of cognitive impairment of the elders with hypertension and other confounding factors.
  
  
  
  This study was conducted on 400 veterans who were matched one-to-one with the confounding factors for assessing the presence of mild cognitive impairment using both MMSE and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The 13 related factors of patient data were studied.
  
  
  
  The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was 29.25%. Age (OR 2.679, 95%CI 1.663-6.875), sleep impairment (OR 1.117, 95%CI 1.754-7.422), uncontrolled hypertension (OR 1.522, 95%CI 1.968-4.454), type 2 diabetes (OR 2.464, 95%CI 1.232-4.931), and hyperlipidaemia (OR 1.411, 95%CI 1.221-8.988) are the risk factors for the cognitive deterioration, while the protective factors are high level of education (OR 0.032, 95%CI 0.007-0.149) and regular exercise (OR 0.307, 95%CI 0.115-0.818).
  
  
  
  Because some vascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, can be treated effectively, cognitive decline related to these risk factors, and vascular disease per se, may be prevented or its course modified through more aggressive treatment and improved compliance.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Geriatrics, Changhai hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology , Xuzhou Central Hospital , Xuzhou , China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: a Department of Geriatrics, Changhai hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Geriatrics, Changhai hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology, Rush Alzheimer's disease Center , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: d St. Elizabeths Hospital , Washington , DC , USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: e PLA 62403 Troops, Shanghai General Logistics Department Retired Cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: f Shuidian Retired cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Yongchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: g Xingyin Retired Cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: h Xiang'an Retired Cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: i Air Force Command College Retired Cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: j Navy Tiyuhui Retired Cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: k Xinhua Retired Cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Keqin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: l Navy Liangchen Retired Cadre's Sanatorium , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Shifeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: a Department of Geriatrics, Changhai hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Hailai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: m Department of intervention, Changhai hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: n Department of Geriatrics , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: n Department of Geriatrics , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Luning
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: o Joint Logistics, Department of the Nanjing Military Command , Retired Cadres Health Center , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Mao
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: a Department of Geriatrics, Changhai hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D004326:Drinking; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Cognitive function; aging; diabetes; hypertension; vascular risk factors