title: Non redundant functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia.
abstract: Schizophrenia is considered a disorder of abnormal brain connectivity. Although whole brain maps of averaged bivariate voxel correlations have been successfully applied to study connectivity abnormalities in schizophrenia these maps do not adequately explore the multivariate nature of brain connectivity. Here we adapt a novel method for high-dimensional regression (supervised principal component regression) to estimate brain maps of multivariate non redundant connectivity (NRC) from resting functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of 116 patients with schizophrenia and 122 matched controls. Disorder related differences in NRC involved caudate hyper-connectivity and hypo-connectivity of several cortical areas such as the dorsal cingulate, the cuneus and the right postcentral cortex. These abnormalities were coupled with abnormalities in the amplitude of signal fluctuations and, to a minor extent, with differences in the dimensionality of connectivity patterns as quantified by the number of supervised principal components. Second level seed correlation analyses linked the observed abnormalities to an additional set of brain regions relevant to schizophrenia such as the thalamus and the temporal cortex. The non redundant connectivity maps proposed here are a new tool that will complement the information provided by other already available voxel based whole brain connectivity measures.
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain. rsalvador@fidmag.com.|Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. rsalvador@fidmag.com.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landin-Romero
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anguera
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Erick J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Canales-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.|Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radua
authors.affiliation: Hospital Benito Menni - CASM, c/ Dr.Antoni Pujadas 38, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Pedraza
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarró
authors.affiliation: Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maristany
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà 8. 08035, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pomarol-Clotet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ALFF; GBC; NRC; Schizophrenia; Supervised principal component regression; fMRI