title: Cardioprotection and thyroid hormones.
abstract: The evolution of cardiac disease after an acute ischemic event depends on a complex and dynamic network of mechanisms alternating from ischemic damage due to acute coronary occlusion to reperfusion injury due to the adverse effects of coronary revascularization till post-ischemic remodeling. Cardioprotection is a new purpose of the therapeutic interventions in cardiology with the goal to reduce infarct size and thus prevent the progression toward heart failure after an acute ischemic event. In a complex biological system such as the human one, an effective cardioprotective strategy should diachronically target the network of cross-talking pathways underlying the disease progression. Thyroid system is strictly interconnected with heart homeostasis, and recent studies highlighted its role in cardioprotection, in particular through the preservation of mitochondrial function and morphology, the antifibrotic and proangiogenetic effect and also to the potential induction of cell regeneration and growth. The objective of this review was to highlight the cardioprotective role of triiodothyronine in the complexity of post-ischemic disease evolution.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy. pingitor@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pingitore
authors.affiliation: Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.affiliation: Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kusmic
authors.affiliation: Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iervasi
authors.affiliation: Center for Nonlinear Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grigolini
authors.affiliation: Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D013963:Thyroid Hormones
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Cardioprotection; Heart failure; Thyroid hormone