title: Development of a nicking endonuclease-assisted method for the purification of minicircles.
abstract: Minicircle (MC) DNA vectors are able to generate a high-level transgene expression in vivo, which is superior to the one afforded by conventional plasmids. MC vectors are produced by replicating a parental plasmid (PP) and promoting its recombination in Escherichia coli. This generates a MC with the expression cassette, and a miniplasmid (MP) with the replication segment. Unfortunately, wider use of MC vectors is hampered by difficulties in isolating the target MCs from their MP counterpart. In this proof-of-concept study, a reproducible process is described to improve the purification of supercoiled (sc) MCs that combines an in vitro enzymatic relaxation of sc MP impurities with topoisomer separation and RNA clearance by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) step. At the early stage of vector design, a site for the nicking endonuclease Nb.BbvCI was strategically placed in the MP part of the PP backbone. A process was then established that involves E. coli culture and recombination of PPs into target MC, cell harvesting and alkaline lysis, precipitation with isopropanol and ammonium sulfate and diafiltration/concentration by microfiltration. Next, an in vitro digestion step was carried out with Nb.BbvCI to nick of one of the strands of the MPs and of non-recombined PPs by Nb.BbvCI. As a result, sc MPs and non-recombined PPs were converted into the corresponding open circular (oc) forms whereas sc MCs remain unaffected. Finally, sc MC was isolated from oc DNA molecules (oc MPs, oc MC) and RNA by performing HIC with a phenyl-Sepharose column using a series of elution steps with decreasing ammonium sulfate concentrations. On the basis of agarose gel electrophoresis analysis, the sc MC-containing fractions were determined to be virtually free from nucleic acid impurities.
authors.affiliation: iBB- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cláudia P A
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: iBB- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šimčíková
authors.affiliation: iBB- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: iBB- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: iBB- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: miguelprazeres@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: Duarte Miguel F
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prazeres
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002845:Chromatography; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012685:Sepharose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular; C020927:phenyl-sepharose; D012685:Sepharose; D004720:Endonucleases
keywords: Gene therapy; Hydrophobic interaction chromatography; Minicircle; Nicking endonuclease; Purification