title: Molecular analysis of apoptosis pathway after photodynamic therapy in breast cancer: Animal model study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Molecular investigation of breast tumors has permitted better understanding about interaction of genes and pathways involved in tumor progression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genes belonging to the pathway of apoptosis with tumor response to photodynamic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mammary tumors were induced in twenty-four Spraguey-Dawley female rats by oral gavage of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (8mg/Kg body weight). Animals were divided into three groups: G1 (normal tissue), G2 (tumors without treatment), G3 (animals euthanized 48h after treatment). The photosensitizer used was a chlorin, 5,15-bis-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl) chlorin in the dose of 8mg/kg for each animal. Light source of diode laser at a wavelength of 660nm, fluence rate of 100mW/cm, and light dose of 100J/cm was delivery to lesions for treatment. A sample from each animal was investigated by quantitative real time PCR using Rat Apoptosis RT(2) Profiler™ PCR Array platform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pro-apoptotic BAK1, CARD6, CASP8, CIDEA, CIDEB, DAPK1, TNF, TNFRSF10B, FASLG, LOC687813, and TP73 genes showed increased expression, and CD40 anti-apoptotic gene showed decreased expression in the group who underwent PDT (G3) in relation to G2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that these genes are involved more directly with cellular apoptosis induced by PDT using the Chlorin photosensitizer.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, IP&D-Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer and Laboratório de Espectroscopia Vibracional Biomédica, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba-UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, 12400-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, IP&D-Laboratório de Terapia Fotodinâmica, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba-UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, 12400-000, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: juferreira@univap.br.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Strixino
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, IP&D-Laboratório de Terapia Fotodinâmica, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba-UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, 12400-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3049-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: António M d'A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rocha Gonsalves
authors.affiliation: Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3049-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Arménio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3049-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pineiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, IP&D-Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer and Laboratório de Espectroscopia Vibracional Biomédica, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba-UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, 12400-000, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: rcanevari@univap.br.
authors.forename: Renata A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Canevari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D011166:Porphyrins; C006969:chlorin
keywords: Apoptosis; Breast cancer; Chlorin; Photodynamic therapy