title: In Situ Transformation of Chitosan Films into Microtubular Structures on the Surface of Nanoengineered Titanium Implants.
abstract: There is considerable interest in combining bioactive polymers such as chitosan with titanium bone implants to promote bone healing and address therapeutic needs. However, the fate of these biodegradable polymers especially on titanium implants is not fully explored. Here we report in situ formation of chitosan microtube (CMT) structures from chitosan films on the implant surface with titania nanotubes (TNTs) layer, based on phosphate buffer-induced transformation and precipitation process. We have comprehensively analyzed this phenomenon and the factors that influence CMT formation, including substrate topography, immersion solution and its pH, effect of coating thickness, and time of immersion. Significance of reported in situ formation of chitosan microtubes on the TNTs surface is possibly to tailor properties of implants with favorable micro and nano morphology using a self-ordering process after the implant's insertion.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and §Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and §Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and §Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karunagaran
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and §Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and §Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Losic
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D011108:Polymers; C000499:ferric oxide; D048271:Chitosan; D014025:Titanium