title: Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation.
abstract: Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium.|Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bo-Bo
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium.|Laboratory of Living Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Joanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rooke
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium.|Laboratory of Living Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bao-Lian
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000737:chemistry*; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion / Q000187:drug effects*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D010788:Photosynthesis; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000077559:Sodium Citrate
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002951:Citrates; D003470:Culture Media; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011095:Polyethylenes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; C041004:poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: hybrid beads; microalgae encapsulation; photosynthesis; polycation; silica