title: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and rheumatic diseases in Cuenca, Ecuador: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and rheumatic diseases in subjects over 18 years of age from the canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. Cross-sectional analytical community-based study was conducted in subjects over 18 years of age using the validated Community-Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) questionnaire. Random sampling was used. The questionnaire was administered by standardized health workers. Subjects were visited house by house. Subjects positive for musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in the last 7 days and at some point in life were assessed by rheumatologists to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 4877 subjects participated, with an average age of 42.8 (SD 18.8) years of age; 59.7 % were women; 69.7 % lived in urban areas. 32.5 % reported MSK pain in the last 7 days and 45.7 % at some point in life. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 7.4 %, hand osteoarthritis 5.3 %, low back pain 9.3 %, rheumatoid arthritis 0.8 %, fibromyalgia 2 %, gout 0.4 %, and lupus 0.06 %. Subjects from rural areas reported experiencing more MSK pain in the last 7 days and at some point in life, lower income, poorer health-care coverage, and increased physical activity involving repetitive tasks such as lifting weights or cooking with firewood. MSK pain prevalence was high. Osteoarthritis and low back pain were the most common diseases. Age, sex, physical activity, repetitive tasks, living in a rural area, and lack of health-care coverage were found to be associated with MSK pain.
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador. sergio_guevarap@yahoo.com.|Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. sergio_guevarap@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guevara-Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.|Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feicán-Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luz Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sanín
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vintimilla-Ugalde
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vintimilla-Moscoso
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado-Pauta
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Angelita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lliguisaca-Segarra
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dután-Erráez
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guevara-Mosquera
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Investigación de la, Universidad de Cuenca-DIUC, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustín Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ochoa-Robles
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Clínica de Morelia, Morelia, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cardiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General de México "Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ingris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peláez-Ballestas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004484:Ecuador; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: COPCORD; Ecuador; Prevalence; Rheumatic diseases