title: Foundations of Pharmacotherapy for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Evidence Meets Practice, Part II.
abstract: Pharmacologic treatment for systolic heart failure, otherwise known as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, has been established through clinical trials and is formulated into guidelines to standardize the diagnosis and treatment. Since the introduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and vasodilators in the 1980s, many guideline-recommended therapies have emerged over the past 20 years targeting specific neurohormones, aldosterone, and catecholamines to treat heart failure. Part 2 of this series will describe β-blockers, digoxin, and aldosterone antagonists in the context of the mechanism of action in heart failure, investigational trials that showed beneficial effects, and the practical applications for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Colleen K. McIlvennan, DNP, ANP Assistant Professor, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora. Robert L. Page II, PharmD, MSPH, FAHA, BCPS Professor, Clinical Specialist, Division of Cardiology, School of Pharmacy and Medicine,University of Colorado Skaggs, Aurora.
authors.forename: Colleen K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: McIlvennan
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013318:Stroke Volume
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists