title: Shear bond strength of different fixed orthodontic retainers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the shear bond strength of different fixed retainer wire diameters bonded using a conventional composite resin or a specific retainer composite.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred-and-twenty extracted human premolar teeth were divided into six groups. After conventional acid etching with a 37% phosphoric acid gel for 30 seconds, twist flex wires of various diameters (0.0175", 0.0215", 0.032") were bonded as fixed retainers. Conventional bracket adhesive (Filtek Z250) or retainer specific adhesives (Transbond LR) were used. After curing, the specimens were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37 degrees C and, thereafter, subjected to 500 thermal cycles. The specimens were then debonded using a Universal Instron machine. The site of failure was recorded for each specimen and the shear bond strength calculated. Statistical analyses were provided using a Chi-square test for failure site and a two-way ANOVA test to assess shear bond strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The site of failure was predominantly at the wire composite interface in all groups. The specific retainer composite showed a significantly higher shear bond strength compared with conventional composite (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the three wire diameters (p < 0.001); the 0.0215" wire had the highest shear bond strength, whereas the 0.032" wire had the least shear bond strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The site of failure was unrelated to wire diameter or adhesive. The optimal combination to maximise the bond strength of fixed retainers appeared to be a specific retainer adhesive and a wire diameter of 0.0215".
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Nimri
authors.forename: Jareer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al-Nimri
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C481385:Transbond LR; C533204:filtek Z350; D014867:Water; C030242:phosphoric acid