title: Dietary Fatty Acids Differentially Associate with Fasting Versus 2-Hour Glucose Homeostasis: Implications for The Management of Subtypes of Prediabetes.
abstract: Over-nutrition has fuelled the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes, but the role of individual macronutrients to the diabetogenic process is not well delineated. We aimed to examine the impact of dietary fatty acid intake on fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations, as well as tissue-specific insulin action governing each. Normoglycemic controls (n = 15), athletes (n = 14), and obese (n = 23), as well as people with prediabetes (n = 10) and type 2 diabetes (n = 11), were queried about their habitual diet using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. All subjects were screened by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and studied using the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp with infusion of 6,62H2-glucose. Multiple regression was performed to examine relationships between dietary fat intake and 1) fasting plasma glucose, 2) % suppression of endogenous glucose production, 3) 2-hour post-OGTT plasma glucose, and 4) skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) and non-oxidative glucose disposal (NOGD)). The %kcal from saturated fat (SFA) was positively associated with fasting (β = 0.303, P = 0.018) and 2-hour plasma glucose (β = 0.415, P<0.001), and negatively related to % suppression of hepatic glucose production (β = -0.245, P = 0.049), clamp Rd (β = -0.256, P = 0.001) and NOGD (β = -0.257, P = 0.001). The %kcal from trans fat was also negatively related to clamp Rd (β = -0.209, P = 0.008) and NOGD (β = -0.210, P = 0.008). In contrast, the %kcal from polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) was negatively associated with 2-hour glucose levels (β = -0.383, P = 0.001), and positively related to Rd (β = 0.253, P = 0.007) and NOGD (β = 0.246, P = 0.008). Dietary advice to prevent diabetes should consider the underlying pathophysiology of the prediabetic state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom.|Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guess
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perreault
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kerege
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated