title: Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error.
abstract: Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5 × 10(-5)), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Virginie J M
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.affiliation: Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 20205, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Veluchamy A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Barathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.
authors.forename: Pirro G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hysi
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
authors.forename: Jeremy A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-340X
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Guggenheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.|Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Höhn
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vitart
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-8585
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Khawaja
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-8558
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
authors.forename: S Mohsen
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland.
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.affiliation: Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Toomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France.|INSERM, U1219-Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux 33000, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delcourt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirastu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.|Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
authors.forename: Juho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wedenoja
authors.affiliation: Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Puya
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-5952
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gharahkhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.|UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London SE1 7EH, UK.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.|Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Alex W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
authors.forename: Jenifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Huffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.|Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
authors.forename: Katie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ozren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Polasek
authors.affiliation: Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-6884
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rudan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vatavuk
authors.affiliation: Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.
authors.forename: James F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-9178
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-5059
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.|School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.|School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.|Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-3517
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: St Pourcain
authors.affiliation: MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.|School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.|University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.|Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-7690
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Tae-Hwi
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Schwantes-An
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Igo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.|Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, 53177 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirshahi
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France.|INSERM, U1219-Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux 33000, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cougnard-Gregoire
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U1167, Lille 59000, France.|Univ. Lille, U1167, Lille 59000, France.|Université Lille 2, Lille 59000, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellenguez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blettner
authors.affiliation: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.|Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland.
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
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authors.affiliation: Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meitinger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Janina S
authors.initials: JS
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gieger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Portas
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth M
authors.initials: EM
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authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Najaf
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: André G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Uitterlinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-9441
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivadeneira
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vingerling
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Ya Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tai-Hui Boh
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors.forename: M Kamran
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors.forename: Charumathi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabanayagam
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Candice E H
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wan'e
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Beuerman
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
authors.forename: Rosalynn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siantar
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.|Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: E-Shyong
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Eranga
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vithana
authors.affiliation: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Evelin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mihailov
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.|Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chiea-Chuen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Khor
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Luben
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.|NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara E K
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
authors.forename: Hoi-Suen
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metspalu
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Terri L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-9941
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
authors.forename: Mingguang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-2810
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland.|Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pärssinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China.|Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Ophthalmology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69115 Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.|Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.|Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yik-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.|Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oexle
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagahisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.|Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tien-Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Dwight
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stambolian
authors.affiliation: Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Joan E Bailey
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.|Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline C W
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Klaver
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.|Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
authors.forename: Seang-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: Jugnoo S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rahi
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Korobelnik
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Timpson
authors.forename: George Davey
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jamie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Kathryn P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Burdon
authors.forename: Rhys D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fogarty
authors.forename: Sudha K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: Sarayut
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janmahasatian
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schache
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nangia
authors.forename: Songhomitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panda-Jonas
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
authors.forename: Alan F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fondran
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lass
authors.forename: Sheng
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authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jing Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nick J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
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authors.lastname: Rantanen
authors.forename: Jaakko
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authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.forename: Chi Pui
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Li Jia
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pancy O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jhanji
authors.forename: Alvin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: Leslie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Raffel
authors.forename: Mary-Frances
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotch
authors.forename: Xiaohui
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authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shea Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Maurice K H
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Ginevra
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authors.lastname: Biino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaccargiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fossarello
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.|Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Seyhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Willem L
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tideman
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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authors.lastname: Tedja
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Deangelis
authors.forename: Margaux
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authors.forename: Xiangtian
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authors.forename: Kari Matti
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D004522:Educational Status; D004777:Environment; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D056426:Genetic Loci; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics