title: Long-term effects of vertical bone augmentation: a systematic review.
abstract: Extraction, periodontitis, or trauma can cause a reduction on the alveolar ridge. This could result in an insufficient alveolar bone width and height. Different techniques of vertical bone augmentation are described in literature. However, nowadays there is not enough evidence against lateral augmentation procedures to verify if these techniques are stable over a long period of time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review analyses the different techniques that are used to vertically augment the bone and evaluate if these techniques are stable over a long period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MEDLINE-PubMed database was searched from its earliest records until December 22, 2014. The following search term was used: Alveolar Ridge augmentation [MESH]. Several journals were hand searched and some authors were contacted for additional information. The primary outcome measure that was analyzed was marginal bone level change around dental implants in the augmented sites, and the secondary outcomes were survival and success rates of dental implants placed in the augmented sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search yielded 203 abstracts. Ultimately, 90 articles were selected, describing 51 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. The marginal bone level change for the inlay technique and vertical guided bone regeneration are in agreement with the success criteria. Alveolar distraction showed more marginal bone level change after the first year of loading, and for the inlay technique very few studies were available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the available data in the current existing studies with a follow-up period of at least 4 to 5 years, one can summarize that there seems to be a trend that the onlay technique, alveolar distraction, and vertical guided bone regeneration are stable for at least 4 to 5 years.
authors.affiliation: Ordentall, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan Anton Jochum
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Keestra
authors.affiliation: Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Poliklinik für Chirurgische Zahn-, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Obada
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Dental Clinics Zuiderterras, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lianne de
authors.initials: Ld
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.affiliation: Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Poliklinik für Chirurgische Zahn-, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wahl
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007284:Inlays / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants