title: Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Transactivational Effects of Chemical Components of the Roots of Polygonum multiflorum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polygonum multiflorum is well-known as "Heshouwu" in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In Northeast Asia, it is often used as a tonic to prevent premature aging of the kidney and liver, tendons, and bones and strengthening of the lower back and knees.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To research the anti-inflammatory activities of components from P. multiflorum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The compounds were isolated by a combination of silica gel and YMC R-18 column chromatography, and their structures were identified by analysis of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry). The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds 1-15 were evaluated by luciferase reporter gene assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen compounds (1-15) were isolated from the roots of P. multiflorum. Compounds 1-5 and 14-15 significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced nuclear factor kappa B-luciferase activity, with IC50 values of 24.16-37.56 μM. Compounds 1-5 also greatly enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors transcriptional activity with EC50 values of 18.26-31.45 μM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anthraquinone derivatives were the active components from the roots of P. multiflorum as an inhibitor on inflammation-related factors in human hepatoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that the roots of P. multiflorum can be used to treat natural inflammatory diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presented that fifteen compounds (1-15) isolated from the roots of Polygonum multiflrum exert signifiant anti inflmmatory effects by inhibiting TNF α induced NF κB activation and PPARs transcription. Abbreviation used: NF κB: Nuclear factor kappa B, PPARs: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, PPREs: Peroxisome proliferator response elements, TNF α: Tumor necrosis factor α, ESI-MS: Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, HepG2: Human hepatoma cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
authors.forename: Ya Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio-industry, Andong City, Gyeongbuk 760-380, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Bean
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
authors.forename: Xi Tao
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
authors.forename: Seo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Human hepatoma cells; Polygonaceae; Polygonum multiflorum; nuclear factor kappa B; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors