title: Current status of new tuberculosis vaccine in children.
abstract: Pediatric tuberculosis contributes significantly to the burden of TB disease worldwide. In order to achieve the goal of eliminating TB by 2050, an effective TB vaccine is urgently needed to prevent TB transmission in children. BCG vaccination can protect children from the severe types of TB such as TB meningitis and miliary TB, while its efficacy against pediatric pulmonary TB ranged from no protection to very high protection. In recent decades, multiple new vaccine candidates have been developed, and shown encouraging safety and immunogenicity in the preclinical experiments. However, the limited data on protective efficacy in infants evaluated by clinical trials has been disappointing, an example being MVA85A. To date, no vaccine has been shown to be clinically safer and more effective than the presently licensed BCG vaccine. Hence, before a new vaccine is developed with more promising efficacy, we must reconsider how to better use the current BCG vaccine to maximize its effectiveness in children.
authors.affiliation: a Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.|b National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: c National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: d McGill International TB Centre, Montreal , Quebec , Canada.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: a Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Wanli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: e Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: c National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Guozhi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Suhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; C549320:MVA 85A; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA
keywords: BCG; children; immune response; tuberculosis; vaccination