title: Acute Corneal Toxicity of Combined Antiglaucoma Topical Eyedrops.
abstract: To investigate the corneal toxicity of three combined antiglaucoma topical eyedrops using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  
  Corneal TER changes after a 60-s exposure to latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1, and dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC were measured in living rabbits. Corneal damage was also examined by SEM. Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) was used as a control.
  
  
  
  There was a significant decrease in the corneal TER after exposure of the cornea to latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% BAC. Travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1 and dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC did not produce any significant decrease in the corneal TER as compared to HBSS control eyes. SEM revealed that superficial cells of corneas treated with latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% BAC were damaged and exhibited degenerated microvilli. Conversely, the superficial cells of corneas exposed to travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1 or dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC appeared normal and had normal microvilli under SEM examinations.
  
  
  
  The corneal toxicity of latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% BAC is greater than that of travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1 and dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC. Latanoprost/timolol contains 0.02% BAC, which may be responsible for the corneal toxicity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.|b Department of Ophthalmology , EL-Minia University Hospital , EL-Minia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Yasser Helmy
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onizuka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Ryotaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.affiliation: c Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
keywords: Cornea; electrophysiology; preservative; scanning electron microscopy; toxicology