title: Dr. William Waugh (1851-1936): promoter of change in nineteenth century medical education and practice.
abstract: Dr. William E. Waugh (1851-1936) witnessed and actively participated in many changes in medical education and practice during his 6 decades in medicine. Trained as a surgeon and general practitioner, Waugh practised medicine in London, Ont., during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Early in his career, he embraced the new field of microbiology; refused outdated practices, such as bleeding; and dared to form a medical school despite strong criticism. Waugh was one of the founders of the Western University medical school, and he served various teaching and administrative roles in addition to maintaining a successful practice. He reminded students of the role of the physician's senses, which he cautioned were in danger of being eclipsed, rather than supplemented, by the diagnostic instruments being adopted into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: The Jason A. Hannah Chair in the History of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKellar
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000266:history*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans