title: Microwave-assisted ionic liquid homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum L.
abstract: The microwave-assisted ionic liquid homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (MA-IL-HLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the determination of anthraquinones, including aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in root of Rheum palmatum L. Several experimental parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, including amount of sample, type and volume of ionic liquid, volume and pH value of extraction medium, microwave power and extraction time, concentration of NH4PF6 as well as centrifugal condition were optimized. When 140μL of ionic liquid ([C8MIM][BF4]) was used as an extraction solvent, target analytes can be extracted from sample matrix in one minute with the help of microwave irradiation. The MA-IL-HLLME is simple and quick. The calibration curves exhibited good linear relationship (r>0.9984). The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.015-0.026 and 0.051-0.088μgmL(-1), respectively. The spiked recovery for each analyte was in the range of 81.13-93.07% with relative standard deviations lower than 6.89%. The present method is free of volatile organic solvents, and represents lower expenditures of sample, extraction time and solvent, compared with ultrasonic and heat reflux extraction. The results indicated that the present method can be successfully applied to the determination of anthraquinones in medicinal plant.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Zhibing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Jianxue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineeing, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing 210048, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address: analchem@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hanqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D012250:Rheum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D052578:Ionic Liquids
keywords: Anthraquinones; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Microwave-assisted ionic liquid homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction (MA-IL-HLLME); Rheum palmatum L.