title: Comparison of transverse dental changes induced by the palatally applied Frog appliance and buccally applied Karad's integrated distalizing system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the transverse dental changes induced by the palatally applied Frog appliance and buccally applied Karad's integrated distalizing system (KIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the pre- and post distalization orthodontic models of 39 patients, including 19 treated using the Frog appliance, which is palatally positioned (Frog group), and 20 treated using KIDS, which is buccally positioned (KIDS group). Changes in intermolar and interpremolar distances and the amount of maxillary premolar and molar rotation were evaluated on model photocopies. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluations. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant distopalatal rotation of premolars and distobuccal rotation of molars were observed in Frog group (p < 0.05), while significant distopalatal rotation of molars (p < 0.05), with no significant changes in premolars, was observed in KIDS group. The amount of second premolar and first molar rotation was significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, expansion in the region of the first molars and second premolars was significantly greater in KIDS group than in Frog group (p < 0.001 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the type and amount of first molar rotation and expansion vary with the design of the distalization appliance used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Deniz
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Uzuner
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaygisiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Unver
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tortop
keywords: Class II malocclusion; Intraoral distalizers; Molar distalization; Tooth rotation