title: Quillaja brasiliensis saponins induce robust humoral and cellular responses in a bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine in mice.
abstract: A saponin fraction extracted from Quillaja brasiliensis leaves (QB-90) and a semi-purified aqueous extract (AE) were evaluated as adjuvants in a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine in mice. Animals were immunized on days 0 and 14 with antigen plus either QB-90 or AE or an oil-adjuvanted vaccine. Two-weeks after boosting, antibodies were measured by ELISA; cellular immunity was evaluated by DTH, lymphoproliferation, cytokine release and single cell IFN-γ production. Serum anti-BVDV IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b were significantly increased in QB-90- and AE-adjuvanted vaccines. A robust DTH response, increased splenocyte proliferation, Th1-type cytokines and enhanced production of IFN-γ by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were detected in mice that received QB-90-adjuvanted vaccine. The AE-adjuvanted preparation stimulated humoral responses but not cellular immune responses. These findings reveal that QB-90 is capable of stimulating both cellular and humoral immune responses when used as adjuvant.
authors.affiliation: FEPAGRO Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Laboratório de Virologia, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel Paulo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cibulski
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Carbohidratos y Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: fernandosilveiragonzalez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias - Facultad de Ciencias/Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mourglia-Ettlin
authors.affiliation: FEPAGRO Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Laboratório de Virologia, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Fumaco
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: FEPAGRO Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Laboratório de Virologia, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helton Fernandes
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Yendo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur Germano
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fett-Neto
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gosmann
authors.affiliation: FEPAGRO Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Laboratório de Virologia, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Michel
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Roehe
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D030241:Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000276:immunology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D031990:Quillaja / Q000737:chemistry; D062605:Quillaja Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010936:Plant Extracts; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Adjuvant; BVDV; Cellular immunity; Immune response; QB-90; Quillaja brasiliensis; Vaccine