title: Release of metal ions from round and rectangular NiTi wires.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of nickel and titanium ions released from two wires with different shapes and a similar surface area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty round nickel-titanium (NiTi) arch wires with the diameter of 0.020 in. and 40 rectangular NiTi arch wires with the diameter of 0.016 × 0.016 in. were immersed in artificial saliva during a 21-day period. The surface area of both wires was 0.44 in.(2). Wires were separately dipped into polypropylene tubes containing 50 ml of buffer solution and were incubated and maintained at 37 °C. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to measure the amount of ions released after exposure lengths of 1 h, 24 h, 1 week, and 3 weeks. Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to evaluate the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the amount of nickel and titanium concentrations was significantly higher in the rectangular wire group. The most significant release of all metals was measured after the first hour of immersion. In the rectangular wire group, 243 ± 4.2 ng/ml of nickel was released after 1 h, while 221.4 ± 1.7 ng/ml of nickel was released in the round wire group. Similarly, 243.3 ± 2.8 ng/ml of titanium was released in the rectangular wire group and a significantly lower amount of 211.9 ± 2.3 ng/ml of titanium was released in the round wire group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Release of metal ions was influenced by the shape of the wire and increase of time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Tehran Dental Branch, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Tehran Dental Branch, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Islamic Azad University, No 2713, Vali Asr St., Tehran, 1966843133, Iran. info@jamilian.net.
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamilian
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.affiliation: National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zinat
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.affiliation: Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosseinikhoo
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perillo
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium