title: Moving the mandible in orthognathic surgery - A multicenter analysis.
abstract: Orthognathic surgery has always been a classical focus of maxillofacial surgery. Since more than 100 years, various surgical techniques for mandibular repositioning have been developed and clinically tested. Since the establishment of plate and screw osteosynthesis, orthognathic surgery became more stable and safe. Nowadays, different surgical methods for mobilising the mandible are existing. This international multicenter analysis (n = 51 hospitals) is providing first evidence based data for the current use of different surgical methods. The dominating techniques were Obwegeser/dal Pont (61%) followed by Hunsuck/Epker (37%) and Perthes/Schlössmann (29%). The main osteosynthesis materials were plates (82%), bicortical screws (23.5%), or a combination of both (5.9%). 47% of all centers reported to use several surgical methods at the same time, depending on the anatomical problem and the surgeon's preference. This shows that different surgical methods seem to work as comparable, safe, and reliable procedures in everydays clinical practise. On this basis, further prospective studies could evaluate possible advantages for our patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. R. A. Mischkowski), Ludwigshafen Hospital, Germany. Electronic address: thieleo@klilu.de.
authors.forename: Oliver C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. J.E. Zöller), University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreppel
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. R. Schmelzeisen), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bittermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. S. Haßfeld), University Witten/Herdecke, Hospital Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonitz
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. M. Klein), Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desmedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: C. Dittes), Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Hospital, Neubrandenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dittes
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: A. Dörre), Chemnitz Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dörre
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. A. Dunsche), City Hospital Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunsche
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. A. Eckert), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. M. Ehrenfeld), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ehrenfeld
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: B. Fleiner), Im Pferseepark, Augsburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. B. Frerich), Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frerich
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. A. Gaggl), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.
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authors.lastname: Gaggl
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery (Head: PD M. Gerressen), Heinrich-Braun Hospital Zwickau, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerressen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. R. A. Mischkowski), Ludwigshafen Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonore
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authors.lastname: Gmelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. A. Hammacher and H. Sieber), Malteser Hospital St. Johannes, Duisburg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Hammacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. S. Haßfeld), University Witten/Herdecke, Hospital Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
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authors.lastname: Haßfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. M. Heiland), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Max
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authors.lastname: Heiland
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. A. Hemprich), Leipzig University, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. J. Hidding), Bethesda Hospital Mönchengladbach, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery (Head: Prof. F. Hölzle), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany.
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authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hölzle
authors.affiliation: Department for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. H.P. Howaldt), University Hospital Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Howaldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. T. Iizuka), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tateyuki
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authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: W. Kater), Hochtaunus Hospital Bad Homburg, Germany.
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authors.initials: W
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. C. Klein), Donauisar Hospital Deggendorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. M. Klein), Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. M. Heiland), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. K.D. Wolff), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
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authors.lastname: Kolk
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. A.C. Kübler), University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. N.R. Kübler), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. M. Kunkel), Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
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authors.lastname: Kunkel
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. T. Kreusch), Asklepios Hospital Nord, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
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authors.lastname: Kreusch
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. C. Landes), Sana Hospital Offenbach, Germany.
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authors.initials: B
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. R. A. Mischkowski), Ludwigshafen Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mischkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: S. Mokros), Ameos Hospital Halberstadt, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Mokros
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. A. Neff), University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
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authors.forename: Emeka
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authors.lastname: Nkenke
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authors.lastname: Palm
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authors.initials: GW
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authors.forename: Jörn U
authors.initials: JU
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authors.forename: Klaus D
authors.initials: KD
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authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery (Head: Prof. J.E. Zöller), University of Cologne, Germany.
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mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Mandible; Maxillofacial surgery; Orthognathic surgery; Osteosynthesis; Surgical techniques