title: Quantification of renal steatosis in type II diabetes mellitus using dixon-based MRI.
abstract: To evaluate renal lipid content in subjects with and without type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) using Dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  
  This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Sixty-nine adults with or without DM2 (n = 29, n = 40) underwent 3T MRI of the abdomen using 3D multiecho Dixon gradient-echo acquisition and proton-density fat fraction (FF) reconstruction. FF values were recorded within segmented regions of interest in the kidneys and liver. The FF measurement error was estimated from the within-subject difference between the right and left kidneys using Bland-Altman analysis. Correlation between renal FF, hepatic FF, and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated. The association between renal FF and DM2 was evaluated by Wilcoxon rank sum test as well as by multivariate regression to correct for potential confounding effects of age, sex, BMI, creatinine, and hepatic FF. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  
  Per-subject 95% limits of agreement of the renal FF measurement were [-3.26%, +3.22%]. BMI was significantly correlated with renal FF (r = 0.266, P = 0.027) and with liver FF (r = 0.344, P = 0.006). Correlation between renal and hepatic FF did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.215, P = 0.090). Median renal FF (±interquartile range) was 2.18% (±2.52%) in the DM2 cohort, significantly higher than 0.80% (±2.63%) in the non-DM2 cohort (P < 0.001). After correcting for potential confounders, the relationship between DM2 and renal FF remained statistically significant (P = 0.005).
  
  
  
  Renal lipid content can be measured noninvasively using Dixon-based MRI and may be increased in subjects with DM2 compared to those without DM2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1312-1319.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. Takeshi.Yokoo@UTSouthwestern.edu.|Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. Takeshi.Yokoo@UTSouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Haley R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.|Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.|Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.|Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lingvay
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Beg
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.|Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: I Alexandru
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bobulescu
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Dixon technique; chronic kidney disease; diabetes; obesity; proton-density fat fraction; renal steatosis