title: Iron-labeled adipose stem cells and neovascularization in rabbit calvarial critical-sized defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of iron-labeled adipose stem cells at the 2-week time point and vascular changes at the 2-week and 6-week time points using two different types of scaffolds.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 22 White New Zealand adult male rabbits. In six rabbits, full-thickness calvarial critical-sized defects were filled with autogenous adipose stem cells labeled with iron oxide seeded onto two scaffolds, namely, solid bioactive glass (BAG) or porous tricalcium phosphate granules (TCP) used on reciprocal sides of the skull. Eleven rabbits were implanted with adipose stem cell-seeded scaffolds without iron labeling for analysis of vascular changes. Five defects were left empty as negative control defects. The specimens were analyzed histologically at the 2-week and 6-week time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TCP group showed significantly more vascularity compared with the BAG group. A greater number of labeled stem cells were identified in the TCP group compared with the BAG group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed the differences in stem cell distribution and revascularization of the calvarial defect, which may be biomaterial dependent.
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Specialist in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Group of Tissue Engineering, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli-Pekka
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.affiliation: Biostatistician, Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapea
authors.affiliation: Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Raisa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serpi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.affiliation: Director of Cleft Lip and Palate Program, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ylikontiola
authors.affiliation: Director of Cleft Lip and Palate Program, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korpi
authors.affiliation: Professor of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Children and Adolescents, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Serlo
authors.affiliation: Professor of Tissue Engineering and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Director of Research, BioMediTech, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: sandor_george@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: George K B
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sándor
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002516:Ceramics; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: C022107:Bioglass; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; C018392:tricalcium phosphate