title: Effect of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine production and mRNA expression in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus and their household contacts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was carried out to understand the influence of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine production and expression in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus (TBDM) and their household contacts (HHC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved a total of 300 subjects, 50 in each category of TBDM, TBDM HHC, pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB), PTB HHC, DM and healthy controls (HC). TBDM, PTB and their HHC, 25 each were followed at different intervals to determine their immune responses in Ag85A stimulated culture supernatants by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). mRNA expression by TRIZOL method in 5 cases of each category and follow-up studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokine production markedly decreased and that of IL-10 increased after Ag85A M.tb stimulation, however anti TB treatment reconstituted the response in TBDM and PTB patients. The household contacts revealed cytokine gene expression similar to that of patients and two of them developed the disease during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine responses of the patients retained after treatment highlighting the antigen importance, hence further studies with recombinant cytokines may help in coming up with a biomarker. Analogous immune responses of household contacts with the TBDM and PTB patients may assist in recognizing the high risk individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Ponnana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meenakshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Sivangala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramya
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Joshi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavanya
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad, India; Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, LEPRA Society, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Valluri
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vijayalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Electronic address: sumanlathag@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gaddam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sumanlatha
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Antigen85A; Cytokine production; Fold change; Household contacts; Tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus