title: Miniaturized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test by Combining Concentration Gradient Generation and Rapid Cell Culturing.
abstract: Effective treatment of bacterial infection relies on timely diagnosis and proper prescription of antibiotic drugs. The antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) is one of the most crucial experimental procedures, providing the baseline information for choosing effective antibiotic agents and their dosages. Conventional methods, however, require long incubation times or significant instrumentation costs to obtain test results. We propose a lab-on-a-chip approach to perform AST in a simple, economic, and rapid manner. Our assay platform miniaturizes the standard broth microdilution method on a microfluidic device (20 × 20 mm) that generates an antibiotic concentration gradient and delivers antibiotic-containing culture media to eight 30-nL chambers for cell culture. When tested with 20 μL samples of a model bacterial strain (E. coli ATCC 25922) treated with ampicillin or streptomycin, our method allows for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations consistent with the microdilution test in three hours, which is almost a factor of ten more rapid than the standard method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. samuel.kim2@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. scestell@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cestellos-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. keisuke.inoue@takeda.com.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. zare@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Richard N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Zare
keywords: AST; MIC; antibiotics; lab-on-a-chip; microdevice; microfluidics