title: New diagnostic ratios based on phenanthrenes and anthracenes for effective distinguishing heavy fuel oils from crude oils.
abstract: The heavy fuel oils (HFOs) and crude oils are the main oil types in the marine oil spill accidents in China. It is usually a challenge to distinguish the HFOs from crude oils due to the highly similar physicochemical characteristics. In this paper, the distributions of phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), methyl-phenanthrene (MP) and methyl-anthracene (MA) in hundreds of HFOs and crude oils samples which were collected from all over the world were characterized. Nine new diagnostic indexes, such as Ant/(Ant+Phe) and other eight diagnostic ratios based on the MP isomers and MA, were developed for effective distinguishing HFOs from crude oils. The histogram with normal fit plots, the double ratio plots and Bayes discriminant analysis (BDA) method were employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the new diagnostic indexes. BDA model based on nine new diagnostic indexes demonstrated high precision with discriminant ratio which lay between 93.92% and 99.32%.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Yantai Oil Spill Response Technical Center of Yantai Maritime Safety Administration, Yantai 264000, China.
authors.forename: Haijiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
authors.forename: Chuanyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Yantai Oil Spill Response Technical Center of Yantai Maritime Safety Administration, Yantai 264000, China.
authors.forename: Ruxiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Yantai Oil Spill Response Technical Center of Yantai Maritime Safety Administration, Yantai 264000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Yantai Oil Spill Response Technical Center of Yantai Maritime Safety Administration, Yantai 264000, China.
authors.forename: Hongyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Liju
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. Electronic address: jtwang@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005648:Fuel Oils; D010578:Petroleum; D010616:Phenanthrenes
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D005648:Fuel Oils; D010578:Petroleum; D010616:Phenanthrenes
keywords: Anthracenes; Bayes discriminant analysis; Diagnostic indexes; HFOs and crude oils; Phenanthrenes