title: Prevalence and factors associated with potentially inappropriate prescriptions among older patients at hospital discharge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Explicit criteria have been used worldwide to identify suboptimal prescribing such as potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs). The objective of our study was to determine prevalence, types and factors associated with PIPs in older people discharged from an Albanian hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted among patients aged 60 years and more discharged from the Cardiology and Internal Medicine departments of the University Hospital Center 'Mother Theresa' Tirana during 2013. PIPs were identified by using Beers (2012 update) and STOPP criteria (2008 and 2014 versions). Chi-square analysis and Student Test were performed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medical files for 319 patients were assessed. The median number of drugs prescribed was 7.8 (SD 2.2). PIPs prevalence at hospital discharge was 34.5% (95% CI 27.5-42.2%; 110 patients) according to both Beers and STOPP version 1 criteria. STOPP version 2 identified 201 (63.0%) patients with at least one PIP (95% CI 55.2-70.2%; 312 PIPs). The drugs more frequently involved in PIPs were aspirin, spironolactone, benzodiazepines, digoxin and methyldopa. The odds of having a PIP were higher in patients discharged from Internal Medicine (P < 0.005). The PIP index was 0.056%, 0.054% and 0.125% respectively for Beers, STOPP 2008 and STOPP 2014 criteria. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of prescribed drugs and PIP occurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found that between one and two out of three older patients has at least one PIP among the treatment prescribed at hospital discharge, depending on the tool used for detection. The high frequency of PIPs suggests the urgent need for interventions to reduce them.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania. klejda.harasani@umed.edu.al, klejdah@yahoo.com.|Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. klejda.harasani@umed.edu.al, klejdah@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Klejda
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hudhra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Eni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beçi
authors.affiliation: Service of Statistics, University Hospital Center Mother Teresa, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Elizana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petrela
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Delina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xhafaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Caballos
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain.|Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bueno-Cavanillas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Beers; STOPP version 1; STOPP version 2; hospital discharge; potentially inappropriate prescriptions; risk factors