title: Cell-Targeted Optogenetics and Electrical Microstimulation Reveal the Primate Koniocellular Projection to Supra-granular Visual Cortex.
abstract: Electrical microstimulation and more recently optogenetics are widely used to map large-scale brain circuits. However, the neuronal specificity achieved with both methods is not well understood. Here we compare cell-targeted optogenetics and electrical microstimulation in the macaque monkey brain to functionally map the koniocellular lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) projection to primary visual cortex (V1). Selective activation of the LGN konio neurons with CamK-specific optogenetics caused selective electrical current inflow in the supra-granular layers of V1. Electrical microstimulation targeted at LGN konio layers revealed the same supra-granular V1 activation pattern as the one elicited by optogenetics. Taken together, these findings establish a selective koniocellular LGN influence on V1 supra-granular layers, and they indicate comparable capacities of both stimulation methods to isolate thalamo-cortical circuits in the primate brain.
authors.affiliation: Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstraße 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstraße 36, 72072 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstraße 36, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Henry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Evrard
authors.affiliation: Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstraße 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Shapcott
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Straße 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haverkamp
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstraße 36, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikos K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Logothetis
authors.affiliation: Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstraße 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience, Framlington Place, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4 HH, UK. Electronic address: michael.schmid@ncl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005829:Geniculate Bodies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D062308:Optogenetics; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2