title: The fecal incontinence quality of life scale (FIQL) and fecal incontinence severity index (FISI): Validation of the Dutch versions.
abstract: Fecal incontinence (FI) is known to have a major impact on quality of life. The Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life scale (FIQL) and Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI) have been developed to assess this impact. The aim of this study was to validate the FIQL and FISI in the Dutch language.
  
  
  
  The study population consisted of women and men experiencing FI and a reference group. The FIQL (four domains) and FISI questionnaires were validated by testing standardized measurement properties: discriminative ability, internal consistency, reproducibility, construct validity, and responsiveness.
  
  
  
  A total of 55 patients and 277 reference participants were included. Patients had significant lower and higher scores at the FIQL and FISI, respectively, than references (FIQL: 2.58 ± 0.70 and 3.92 ± 0.36, FISI: 38.57 ± 10.73 and 23.17 ± 15.01; P < 0.001), indicating worse functioning in patients and with this the discriminative abilities of the measures. The FIQL demonstrated adequate internal consistency on all domains (0.72-0.96), except for the embarrassment domain (0.55). The reproducibility was good for both measures. A negative correlation was found between the FIQL and FISI. Furthermore, the FIQL showed a positive (0.77) and the FISI a negative correlation (-0.31) with the Mental Component Summary scale of the SF-12. Responsiveness analysis showed a minimal important change of 0.40 points for the FIQL.
  
  
  
  Validity and reliability were good in the Dutch FIQL, but inconclusive in the FISI. The Dutch FIQL can support physicians in determining the impact of FI on patient's quality of life. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:710-715, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lisette A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: 't Hoen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Utomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bertil F M
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Blok
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ida J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Korfage
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004644:Emotions; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Dutch; FIQL; FISI; fecal incontinence; patient reported outcome measure; validation