title: Effects of Memantine on Aminoglycoside-Induced Apoptosis of Spiral Ganglion Cells in Guinea Pigs.
abstract: To explore whether memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, exerts a neuroprotective effect against apoptosis of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) induced by gentamicin.
  
  
  
  An animal experiment.
  
  
  
  Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
  
  
  
  Gentamicin was injected into the left cochleae of guinea pigs to induce apoptosis of SGCs; the contralateral cochleae served as controls. Memantine was intraperitoneally injected 12 hours and 1 hour prior to gentamicin injection. At 1 week after gentamicin and/or memantine injection, the cochleae were removed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate morphologic changes and apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to measure FasL expression and the extent of caspase activation in SGCs.
  
  
  
  SGC numbers remained stable after memantine treatment. Western blotting showed that FasL expression and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9 were reduced in SGCs after memantine treatment.
  
  
  
  Memantine attenuated the gentamicin-induced apoptosis of SGCs in guinea pigs. Moreover, memantine may affect Fas-FasL signaling in the receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway and caspase activation involved in the receptor-mediated and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marynol Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea doncamel@dau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Woo Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ryong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Kyung
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ga Bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003051:Cochlea / Q000166:cytology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008559:Memantine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D008559:Memantine
keywords: FasL; apoptosis; caspase; memantine; spiral ganglion cells