title: Pharmacokinetics of Ceftiofur Crystalline-Free Acid in Clinically Healthy Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).
abstract: Economical, injectable antibiotics are beneficial when clinical manifestations of an animal model prevent the use of oral antibiotics. Ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) is an injectable, sustained-release form of ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin that is labeled for use in swine, cattle, and horses. Because CCFA is an economical, injectable antibiotic that could be of value for use in research dogs, the objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of CCFA in apparently healthy dogs and to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ceftiofur for veterinary pathogens cultured during 2011 through 2014 from the respiratory system, integumentary system, and urinary system of dogs. The study population comprised of 5 dogs (age, 1 y; weight, 24.7 to 26.9 kg) that were deemed healthy after no abnormalities were found on physical exam, CBC analysis, and clinical chemistry panel. Each dog received CCFA at 5.0 mg/kg SC, and blood samples were collected before administration of CCFA and at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216, and 240 h after injection. The maximal plasma concentration (mean ± 1 SD) of CCFA was 1.98 ± 0.40 μ g/mL, time to reach maximal concentration was 22.3 ± 8.9 h, half-life was 56.6 ± 16.9 h, and AUC0-last was 124.98 ± 18.45 μ g-h/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of ceftiofur ranged from ≤ 0.25 to ≥ 8.0 μ g/mL; ceftiofur was most effective against Pasteurella spp., Proteus spp., and Escherichia coli haemolytica and least effective against Bordatella bronchiseptica, Enterococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA. hoopers@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.affiliation: Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Korte
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Steeve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Fales
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Lonny W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; C053503:ceftiofur