title: Microbial Diversity and Parasitic Load in Tropical Fish of Different Environmental Conditions.
abstract: In this study we analysed fecal bacterial communities and parasites of three important Indonesian fish species, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Epinephelus sexfasciatus and Atule mate. We then compared the biodiversity of bacterial communities and parasites of these three fish species collected in highly polluted Jakarta Bay with those collected in less polluted Indonesian areas of Cilacap (E. sexfasciatus, A. mate) and Thousand Islands (E. fuscoguttatus). In addition, E. fuscoguttatus from net cages in an open water mariculture facility was compared with free living E. fuscoguttatus from its surroundings. Both core and shared microbiomes were investigated. Our results reveal that, while the core microbiomes of all three fish species were composed of fairly the same classes of bacteria, the proportions of these bacterial classes strongly varied. The microbial composition of phylogenetically distant fish species, i.e. A. mate and E. sexfasciatus from Jakarta Bay and Cilacap were more closely related than the microbial composition of more phylogentically closer species, i.e. E. fuscoguttatus, E. sexfasciatus from Jakarta Bay, Cilacap and Thousand Islands. In addition, we detected a weak negative correlation between the load of selected bacterial pathogens, i.e. Vibrio sp. and Photobacterium sp. and the number of endoparasites. In the case of Flavobacterium sp. the opposite was observed, i.e. a weak positive correlation. Of the three recorded pathogenic bacterial genera, Vibrio sp. was commonly found in E. fuscoguttatus from mariculture, and lessly in the vicinity of the net cages and rarely in the fishes from the heavily polluted waters from Jakarta Bay. Flavobacterium sp. showed higher counts in mariculture fish and Photobacteria sp. was the most prominent in fish inside and close to the net cages.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.|Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hennersdorf
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kleinertz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Muslihudeen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdul-Aziz
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Grit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mrotzek
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.|Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Saluz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D044822:Biodiversity; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005417:Flavobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005843:Geography; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007214:Indonesia; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology*; D059208:Parasite Load; D010473:Perciformes / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014733:Vibrio / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S