title: Engaging older adults in the visualization of sensor data facilitated by an open platform for connected devices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of smart home sensor systems is growing primarily due to the appeal of unobtrusively monitoring older adult health and wellness. However, integrating large-scale sensor systems within residential settings can be challenging when deployment takes place across multiple environments, requiring customization of applications, connection across various devices and effective visualization of complex longitudinal data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to demonstrate the implementation of a smart home system using an open, extensible platform in a real-world setting and develop an application to visualize data real time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We deployed the open source Lab of Things platform in a house of 11 residents as a demonstration of feasibility over the course of 3 months. The system consisted of Aeon Labs Z-wave Door/Window sensors and an Aeon Labs Multi-sensor that collected data on motion, temperature, luminosity, and humidity. We applied a Rapid Iterative Testing and Evaluation approach towards designing a visualization interface engaging gerontological experts. We then conducted a survey with 19 older adult and caregiver stakeholders to inform further design revisions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our initial visualization mockups consisted of a bar chart representing activity level over time. Family members felt comfortable using the application. Older adults however, indicated it would be difficult to learn to use the application, and had trouble identifying utility. A key for older adults was ensuring that the data collected could be utilized by their family members, physicians, or caregivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The approach described in this work is generalizable towards future smart home deployments and can be a valuable guide for researchers to scale a study across multiple homes and connected devices, and to create personalized interfaces for end users.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.|Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.|Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demiris
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Thai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Hilaire J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Microsoft Research, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Arjmand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Microsoft Research, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013696:Temperature; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Data display; aged; remote sensing technology