title: Short-Chain Fatty Acids Regulate Cytokines and Th17/Treg Cells in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in vitro.
abstract: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been recognized as mediators of immune responses, including pathways of cytokine production. In this study, we investigated the immune-regulatory effects of SCFAs on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from buffy coat of healthy donors. PBMCs were exposed to varying concentrations of individual SCFAs or of their mixtures of acetate, propionate and butyrate. The productions of interleukin (IL) IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were assessed. T cell differentiation after exposure to SCFAs was also examined. Compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells (controls), SCFAs slightly decreased TGF-β1 production and reduced IL-6 production; butyrate was more effective than acetate or propionate. SCFAs particularly butyrate caused the induction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) rather than Th17 cells. SCFAs may up-regulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs, resulting in the induction of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells.
authors.affiliation: a Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine , Victoria University , Werribee Campus, Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asarat
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management , College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University , St Albans Campus, Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Apostolopoulos
authors.affiliation: a Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine , Victoria University , Werribee Campus, Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vasiljevic
authors.affiliation: a Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine , Victoria University , Werribee Campus, Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Donkor
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010641:Phenotype; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D016207:Cytokines; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Acetate; T helper cells; Th17 and CD4+CD25+ Treg cells; butyrate; cytokines; human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; propionate; short-chain fatty acids