title: The role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: Exosomes are small membrane bound vesicles secreted by cancer cells that have a cytosol rich in proteins and nucleic acids which are capable of modulating the phenotype of neighbouring cells which take them up. In this review we explore the mechanisms through which exosomes are able to impact on the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal cancer through the modulation of tumour formation and development and exploitation of the tumour microenvironment to modulate both the adaptive and innate immune response. In addition we highlight the potential utility of exosomes not only as biomarkers of disease but also as tools to be used in the therapeutic armamentarium against this disease.
authors.affiliation: Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Department of HPB Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: s.m.robinson@newcastle.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lavender
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of HPB Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of HPB Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Charnley
authors.affiliation: Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D055354:Exosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D053673:Glypicans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D053673:Glypicans
keywords: Adaptive immunity; Exosomes; Innate immunity; Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Pancreatic stellate cells