title: [Effect of formaldehyde exposure on the level of cytokines in human bronchial epitheial 16HBE cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of formaldehyde exposure on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells).
  
  
  METHODS
  16HBE cells were treated with formaldehyde with a concentration of 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, or 0.64 mmol/L for 24 hours, and MTT assay was applied to measure proliferative activity and calculate median lethal dose; 16HBE cells were exposed to formaldehyde with a concentration of 0, 0.04, 0.16, 0.64, or 1.20 mmol/L for 4 hours, MTT assay was applied to measure proliferative activity, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in cell supernatant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the 0.32-and 0.64-mmol/L exposure groups had significant decreases in cell viability (P<0.05); all exposure groups had reductions in interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-12, but no significant changes in interferon-γ and IL-10. In the 1.20-mmol/L exposure group, there was an increase in IL-4, with the increasing exposure dose, IL-5 and IL-6 tended to increase first and then decrease, and there was no significant change in IL-13; with the increasing exposure dose, IL-8 tended to increase first and then decrease, and there was no significant change in IL-17. In all the exposure groups, TNF-α increased and tended to increase significantly with the increasing exposure dose(P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Formaldehyde exposure can cause imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines secreted by 16HBE cells, as well as increased expression of IL-8 and TNF-α.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, *Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine Shandong Institude of Prevention and Control of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, Jinan 250062, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yaqng
authors.forename: Yiguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jihu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C573415:IFNG protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007371:Interferon-gamma