title: Management of the High-Riding Nipple After Breast Reduction.
abstract: Postoperative nipple malposition can be an aesthetically devastating problem for patients and a formidable challenge for surgeons. Reduction mammoplasty often includes plans to elevate the nipple-areolar complex (NAC); however, overelevation should be avoided. Its management is complicated because of the limited amount of skin between the nipple and the sternal notch and the desire to avoid creating scars that lie above the nipple in the superior aspect of the breast. Although superior malposition of the NAC should and can be prevented, there are direct and indirect surgical techniques that can assist in repositioning the NAC to an acceptable location.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: scottspear@drscottspear.com.
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Spear
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, Northwest, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Albino
mesh_terms: D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps
keywords: Breast reduction; High-riding nipple; Management