title: The Role of Laser Speckle Imaging in Port-Wine Stain Research: Recent Advances and Opportunities.
abstract: Here, we review our current knowledge on the etiology and treatment of port-wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. Current treatment options have significant limitations in terms of efficacy. With the combination of 1) a suitable preclinical microvascular model, 2) laser speckle imaging (LSI) to evaluate blood-flow dynamics, and 3) a longitudinal experimental design, rapid preclinical assessment of new phototherapies can be translated from the lab to the clinic. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and pulsed-dye laser (PDL) irradiation achieves a synergistic effect that reduces the required radiant exposures of the individual phototherapies to achieve persistent vascular shutdown. PDL combined with anti-angiogenic agents is a promising strategy to achieve persistent vascular shutdown by preventing reformation and reperfusion of photocoagulated blood vessels. Integration of LSI into the clinical workflow may lead to surgical image guidance that maximizes acute photocoagulation, is expected to improve PWS therapeutic outcome. Continued integration of noninvasive optical imaging technologies and biochemical analysis collectively are expected to lead to more robust treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, and the Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, all at University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Wangcun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Wesley J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Bruce Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, all at University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery and the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, all at University of California, Irvine 92612 USA.
authors.forename: J Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nelson
keywords: anti-angiogenic; biomedical optical imaging; biophotonics; dorsal window chamber; image-guided surgery; intravital imaging; surgery