title: Cross-sectional study of diet, physical activity, television viewing and sleep duration in 233,110 adults from the UK Biobank; the behavioural phenotype of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Simultaneously define diet, physical activity, television (TV) viewing, and sleep duration across cardiometabolic disease groups, and investigate clustering of non-diet lifestyle behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 UK Biobank assessment centres across the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  502,664 adults aged 37-63 years old, 54% women. 4 groups were defined based on disease status; 'No disease' (n=103,993), 'cardiovascular disease' (CVD n=113,469), 'Type 2 diabetes without CVD' (n=4074) and 'Type 2 diabetes + CVD' (n=11,574).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diet, physical activity, TV viewing and sleep duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  People with 'CVD' report low levels of physical activity (<918 MET min/week, OR (95% CI) 1.23 (1.20 to 1.25)), high levels of TV viewing (>3 h/day; 1.42 (1.39 to 1.45)), and poor sleep duration (<7, >8 h/night; 1.37 (1.34 to 1.39)) relative to people without disease. People with 'Type 2 diabetes + CVD' were more likely to report low physical activity (1.71 (1.64 to 1.78)), high levels of TV viewing (1.92 (1.85 to 1.99)) and poor sleep duration (1.52 (1.46 to 1.58)) relative to people without disease. Non-diet behaviours were clustered, with people with 'CVD' or 'Type 2 diabetes + CVD' more likely to report simultaneous low physical activity, high TV viewing and poor sleep duration than those without disease (2.15 (2.03 to 2.28) and 3.29 (3.02 to 3.58), respectively). By contrast, 3 in 4 adults with 'Type 2 diabetes', and 2 in 4 adults with 'CVD' have changed their diet in the past 5 years, compared with only 1 in 4 in the 'No disease' group. Models were adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, Townsend Deprivation Index, ethnicity, alcohol intake, smoking and meeting fruit/vegetable guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low physical activity, high TV and poor sleep duration are prominent unaddressed high-risk characteristics of both CVD and type 2 diabetes, and are likely to be clustered together.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Josephine Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catt
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Trenell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012890:Sleep; D013690:Television; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SLEEP MEDICINE