title: Evaluation of corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and piezocision in rapid canine retraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and piezocision in rapid canine retraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 20 patients (15-25 years old) with Class II Division 1 malocclusions. The suggested treatment plan was extraction of the maxillary first premolars with subsequent canine retraction. The sample was divided into 2 equal groups. In the first group, 1 side of the maxillary arch was randomly chosen for treatment with corticotomy, and in the second group, piezocision treatment was used. The contralateral sides of both groups served as the controls. Cuts and perforations were performed with a piezotome, and canine retraction was initiated bilaterally in both groups with closed-coil nickel-titanium springs that applied 150 g of force on each side. The following variables were examined over a 3-month follow-up period: rate of canine crown tip, molar anchorage loss, canine rotation, canine inclination, canine root resorption, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, attachment level, and gingival recession. The rate of canine crown tip was assessed every 2 weeks after the start of canine retraction at 6 time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of canine crown tip were greater in the experimental sides than in the control sides in both groups. Corticotomies produced greater rates of canine movement than did piezocision at 4 time points. Canine root resorption was greater in the control sides. The remaining studied variables exhibited no differences between the control and the experimental sides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and piezocision are efficient treatment modalities for accelerating canine retraction.
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: dr_nohahussein@asfd.asu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Noha Hussein
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Professor, Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha Ezzat
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sabet
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Islam Tarek
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000209:etiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology; D059745:Piezosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000473:pathology; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium