title: Diagnostic yield of cystoscopy in the evaluation of recurrent urinary tract infection in women.
abstract: Due to a paucity of evidence-based guidelines, anecdotal practice patterns often dictate clinical management of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in women. Our aim was to identify pathologic findings of the urinary tract through cystoscopy and imaging in women with recurrent UTI, and to determine if specific risk factors are associated with a higher rate of abnormal findings.
  
  
  
  In a single-institutional cohort, cystoscopy was performed for women with recurrent UTI between 1/2010 and 7/2014. All eligible patients were included in a maintained database and those with gross or microscopic hematuria were excluded. Abdominopelvic imaging was recommended and included in study data when completed. Associations between clinical risk factors (history of renal transplant, urogynecologic surgery, or urolithiasis) and abnormal findings were analyzed by Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  
  A total of 163 women (mean age 60.6 years) were included in final analysis. Abdominopelvic imaging was available in 133 (82%) cases. Cystoscopy identified 9 (5.5%) cases of significant clinical findings. Of these only 5 (3.8%) cases were uniquely identified on cystoscopy and missed on imaging modalities. When imaging was normal, cystoscopy was also normal in 94% of cases. The examined clinical risk factors were not associated with higher risk of abnormal cystoscopy (P = 0.49) or imaging (P = 0.42).
  
  
  
  Cystoscopy performed solely for recurrent UTI is low yield in patients with normal imaging studies, but a small number of abnormal findings may be missed by foregoing this element of the patient workup. No studied risk factor was predictive of an abnormal workup. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:692-696, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barbalat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Marissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Theofanides
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edokpolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Maxwell B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003558:Cystoscopy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: bacteriuria; cystoscopy; diagnostic imaging; recurrence; urinary tract infections