title: Differential effects of adipose tissue stromal cells on the apoptosis, growth and invasion of bladder urothelial carcinoma between the superficial and invasive types.
abstract: To clarify the interaction between adipose tissue stromal cells and bladder cancer cells.
  
  
  
  Superficial (RT4) and invasive (EJ) urothelial carcinoma cells were cultured on adipose tissue stromal cell-embedded or non-embedded collagen gel. Cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  
  Adipose tissue stromal cells inhibited growth of RT4, while they promoted the apoptosis. In contrast, adipose tissue stromal cells promoted growth of EJ, but they did not affect the apoptosis. Adipose tissue stromal cells slightly promoted expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in RT4 and EJ. Adipose tissue stromal cells promoted display of the molecular-targeted agent human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in only RT4. In turn, RT4 and EJ enhanced α-smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast marker) and S-100 protein (adipocyte marker) expression of adipose tissue stromal cells, respectively.
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that: (i) adipose tissue stromal cells might suppress the progression of superficial-type cancer, whereas they might promote that of invasive type; (ii) adipose tissue stromal cell-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway might play differential roles in both types of bladder cancer; (iii) human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 could represent a critical therapeutic agent for the superficial type under adipose tissue stromal cells-cancer interaction; and (iv) superficial bladder cancer might promote myofibroblast differentiation of adipose tissue stromal cells as a cancer-associate phenotype, whereas invasive bladder cancer might promote their adipocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.|Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki-Nanri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchihashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Mihoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Udo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishijima-Matsunobu
authors.affiliation: Basic Science of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Nahoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kakihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uozumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toda
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017154:Stromal Cells; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: adipose tissue stromal cells; bladder urothelial carcinoma; cancer-associated stromal cells; cancer-stromal interaction; mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway