title: Astragaloside IV enhances diabetic wound healing involving upregulation of alternatively activated macrophages.
abstract: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major active compounds extracted from Astragali Radix, has been used experimentally for its potent antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. In this study, we further investigate the potential efficacy of AS-IV on impaired wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. A full-thickness skin wound was produced on the back of diabetic mice and treated with AS-IV or vehicle topically. Our results showed that AS-IV application promoted diabetic wound repair with wounds gaping narrower and exhibiting augmented reepithelialization. AS-IV enhanced the collagen deposition and the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes such as fibronectin and collagen IIIa, which implies a direct effect of AS-IV on matrix synthesis. AS-IV also improved the new blood vessel formation in wound tissue with increased numbers of endothelial cells and enhanced expression of VEGF and vWF. Moreover, the beneficial effect of AS-IV was related to the development of polarized alternatively activated macrophages, which involved in resolution of inflammation and facilitation of wound repair. All together, these findings suggest that AS-IV may play a potential effect on maintenance of cutaneous homeostasis and acceleration of diabetic wound healing.
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Liangcheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: lyjche@163.com.
authors.forename: Yunjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: huiyin0103@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027885:Astragalus propinquus / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D012503:Saponins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C052064:astragaloside A
keywords: Alternatively activated macrophages; Astragaloside IV; Diabetes; Extracellular matrix; Wound healing