title: Antimicrobial performance of mesoporous titania thin films: role of pore size, hydrophobicity, and antibiotic release.
abstract: Implant-associated infections are undesirable complications that might arise after implant surgery. If the infection is not prevented, it can lead to tremendous cost, trauma, and even life threatening conditions for the patient. Development of an implant coating loaded with antimicrobial substances would be an effective way to improve the success rate of implants. In this study, the in vitro efficacy of mesoporous titania thin films used as a novel antimicrobial release coating was evaluated. Mesoporous titania thin films with pore diameters of 4, 6, and 7 nm were synthesized using the evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The films were characterized and loaded with antimicrobial agents, including vancomycin, gentamicin, and daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to evaluate their effectiveness toward inhibiting bacterial colonization. Drug loading and delivery were studied using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, which showed successful loading and release of the antibiotics from the surfaces. Results from counting bacterial colony-forming units showed reduced bacterial adhesion on the drug-loaded films. Interestingly, the presence of the pores alone had a desired effect on bacterial colonization, which can be attributed to the documented nanotopographical effect. In summary, this study provides significant promise for the use of mesoporous titania thin films for reducing implant infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atefyekta
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Batur
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: antibacterial; drug delivery; implant coating; mesoporous titania