title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hookworm-Related Cutaneous Larva Migrans (HrCLM) in a Resource-Poor Community in Manaus, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (HrCLM) is a neglected tropical skin disease associated with significant clinical pathology. Little knowledge exists about prevalence and risk factors of HrCLM in endemic regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To understand the epidemiology of HrCLM in Amazonia, we conducted a cross-sectional study in a resource-poor township in Manaus, Brazil. HrCLM was diagnosed in 8.2% (95% CI, 6.3-10.1%) of the study population (N = 806) with a peak prevalence of 18.2% (95% CI, 9.3-27.1%) in children aged 10-14. Most of the tracks (62.4%) were located on the feet, and 10.6% were superinfected. HrCLM was associated independently with age under 15, male sex, presence of animal faeces on the compound, walking barefoot on sandy ground and poverty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HrCLM is common in resource-poor communities in Amazonia and is related to poverty. To reduce the disease burden caused by HrCLM, living conditions have to be improved.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.|Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophtalmology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lesshafft
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Tropical Medicine of Amazonas (FMTAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.|Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation from Amazonas State (HEMOAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guedes de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.|Labor Enders, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ignatius
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feldmeier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006725:Hookworm Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007815:Larva Migrans / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012775:Shoes; D055815:Young Adult