title: Outcomes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in relation to timing of endoscopy and the experience of endoscopist: a tertiary center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding admitted out of hours or at the weekends may have an excess mortality rate. The literature reports around this are conflicting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to analyze the outcomes of emergency endoscopies performed out of hours and over the weekends in our center. We retrospectively analyzed data from April 2008 to June 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 507 'high risk' emergency gastroscopies were carried out over the study period for various indications. Patients who died within 30 days of the index procedure [22 % (114 /510)] had a significantly higher Rockall score (7.6 vs. 6.0, P < 0.0001), a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status (3.5 vs. 2.7, P < 0.001), and a lower systolic blood pressure (BP) at the time of the examination (94.8 vs 103, P = 0.025). These patients were significantly older (77.7 vs. 67.5 years, P = 0.006), and required more blood transfusion (5.9 versus 3.8 units). Emergency out-of-hours endoscopy was not associated with an increased risk of death [relative risk (RR) 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.12 - 1.95]. Whether the examination was carried out by a senior specialist registrar (senior trainee) or a consultant made no difference to the survival of the patient (RR 0.98, CI 0.77 - 1.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher pre-endoscopy Rockall score and ASA status contributed significantly to the 30-day mortality following upper gastrointestinal bleeding, whereas lower BP tended towards significance. Outcomes did not vary with the time of the endoscopy nor was there any difference between a consultant and a senior specialist registrar led service.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Noor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Amer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Mark Thomas
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Swinscoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mundre
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Bjorn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rembacken