title: Non-invasive measurement of skin autofluorescence to evaluate diabetic complications.
abstract: Although the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of the Maillard reaction in our body is reported to increase with aging and is enhanced by the pathogenesis of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, routine measurement of AGEs is not applied to regular clinical diagnoses due to the lack of conventional and reliable techniques for AGEs analyses. In the present study, a non-invasive AGEs measuring device was developed and the association between skin AGEs and diabetic complications was evaluated. To clarify the association between the duration of hyperglycemia and accumulation of skin fluorophores, diabetes was induced in mice by streptozotocin. As a result, the fluorophore in the auricle of live mice was increased by the induction of diabetes. Subsequent studies revealed that the fingertip of the middle finger in the non-dominant hand is suitable for the measurement of the fluorescence intensity by the standard deviation value. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity was increased by the presence of diabetic microvascular complications. This study provides the first evidence that the accumulation of fluorophore in the fingertip increases with an increasing number of microvascular complications, demonstrating that the presence of diabetic microvascular complications may be predicted by measuring the fluorophore concentration in the fingertip.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan; Healthcare Business Development Department I, Medical and Healthcare Business Development Unit, Business Solution Company, SHARP Corporation, 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho, Tenri-shi, Nara 632-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei-Ichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Cell Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan.
authors.forename: Hikari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
keywords: Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolone-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1); advanced glycation end-product (AGEs); autofluorescence; diabetic complications; diagnosis