title: Molecular Neurobiology and Promising New Treatment in Depression.
abstract: The limited effects of currently available antidepressants are becoming an urgent issue in depression research. It takes a long time to determine treatment effects, and the overall remission rate is low. Although we expect the development of non-monoamine antidepressants in the near future, efforts in this regard over the past several decades have not yet been compensated. Thus, researchers and clinicians should clarify the neurobiological mechanisms of integrated modulators that regulate changes in genes, cells, the brain, and behaviors associated with depression. In this study, we review molecular neurobiological theories and new treatments for depression. Beyond neuroanatomy and monoamine theory, we discuss cells and molecules, neural plasticity, neurotrophisms, endocrine mechanisms, immunological mechanisms, genetics, circadian rhythms, and metabolic regulation in depression. In addition, we introduce the possibility of new antidepressant drug development using protein translation signaling (mTOR) pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul 15355, Korea. npdrjeon@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul 15355, Korea. yongku@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yong-Ku
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: BDNF; antidepressant; depression; endocrine; gene; immune; mTOR; neural plasticity; neurobiology