title: Physical activity and progenitor cell-mediated endothelial repair in chronic heart failure: Is there a role for epigenetics?
abstract: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the most common cardiac disease among the elderly and a leading cause of mortality in elderly patients. Endothelial dysfunction is held to have a major role in the development and progression of CHF, which results in progressively impaired functional capacity. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are the main players involved in the endogenous repair mechanisms that can counteract endothelial dysfunction. A mounting body of data indicates that exercise enhances endothelial renewal through mobilization of bone marrow-derived EPCs and CACs, making it an effective therapeutic tool for CHF. Interestingly, emerging evidence has been showing that exercise training can also promote epigenetic modifications, e.g. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and differential expression of specific non-coding RNAs like microRNA (miRNAs). Since deregulation of the miRNAs involved in endothelial function modulation has widely been documented in circulating cells and plasma of CHF patients, deregulation of epigenetic features could play a key role in disease progression. Here, we review current knowledge of the contribution of EPCs and CACs to endothelial repair mechanisms in CHF patients, focusing on the effects induced by exercise training and hypothesizing that some of these effects can be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: r.recchioni@inrca.it.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Recchioni
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marcheselli
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antonicelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazzarini
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy; Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mensà
authors.affiliation: Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio Domenico
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Procopio
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olivieri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015444:Exercise; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006801:Humans
keywords: Chronic heart failure; Endothelial progenitor cell; Epigenetics; Physical activity; microRNA