title: PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY OF TRENTEPOHLIALEAN ALGAE ASSOCIATED WITH LICHEN-FORMING FUNGI(1).
abstract: Nearly one-fourth of the lichen-forming fungi associate with trentepohlialean algae, yet their genetic diversity remains unknown. Recent work focusing on free-living trentepohlialean algae has provided a phylogenetic context within which questions regarding the lichenization of these algae can be asked. Here, we concentrated our sampling on trentepohlialean algae from lichens producing a diversity of growth forms (fruticose and crustose) over a broad geographic substratum, ecological, and phylogenetic range. We have demonstrated that there is no evidence for a single clade of strictly lichenized algae; rather, a wide range demonstrated the ability to associate with lichenized fungi. Variation was also observed among trentepohlialean algae in lichens from a single geographic area and tree, suggesting that fungi in close proximity can associate with different trentepohlialean algae, consistent with the findings of trebouxiophycean algae and cyanobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60625, USADepartment of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nelsen
authors.affiliation: Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60625, USADepartment of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
authors.forename: Eimy Rivas
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Plata
authors.affiliation: Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60625, USADepartment of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.affiliation: Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60625, USADepartment of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lücking
authors.affiliation: Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60625, USADepartment of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
authors.forename: H Thorsten
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lumbsch
keywords: Trentepohliales; Ulvophyceae; lichen; phylogeny; rbcL; symbiosis