title: Assessment of the incidence of squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus and the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus.
abstract: There has been a recent increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. We investigated the incidence of esophageal papilloma and the presence of high-risk HPV infection.
  
  
  
  This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a County teaching hospital. Patients with esophageal papilloma between January 2000 and December 2013 were identified. Patients with sufficient specimens were tested for the HPV virus.
  
  
  
  Sixty patients with esophageal papilloma lesions were identified from 2000 to 2013. (31 males, age 51 ± 13 years). The incidence was 0.13% in 2000 and increased to 0.57% in 2013 (P < 0.0001). Twenty-nine patients (48.3%) had a papilloma that was more than 5 mm in size, and 20% had multiple lesions. The papilloma was located in the distal esophagus in 35 (58.3%) patients, mid esophagus in 17 (28.3%) patients, and proximal in 8 (13.3%) patients. Three (5%) patients had associated OPC, and 9 (47.4%) of the 19 patients tested were positive for high-risk HPV serotype 16.
  
  
  
  The incidence of esophageal papilloma has increased by fourfolds over the past 14 years. About half of the tested patients demonstrated high risk HPV. This may suggest a potential growing risk for esophageal squamous cell cancer in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantham
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
authors.forename: Santhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Einstadter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010212:Papilloma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: esophageal papilloma; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; human papilloma virus