title: microRNAs Regulate Host Immune Response and Pathogenesis During Influenza Infection in Rhesus Macaques.
abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are key regulators of biological processes, including the immune response to viral infections. Differential expression levels of cellular miRNAs and their predicted targets have been described in the lungs of H1N1-infected BALB/c mice, the lungs of H5N1 influenza-infected cynomolgus macaques, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of critically ill patients infected with 2009 pandemic H1N1. However, a longitudinal analysis of changes in the expression of miRNAs and their targets during influenza infection and how they relate to viral replication and host response has yet to be carried out. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the expression of several miRNAs and their validated targets in both peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) collected from rhesus macaques over the course of infection with the 2009 H1N1 virus A/Mexico/4108/2009 (MEX4108). We describe a distinct set of differentially expressed miRNAs in BAL and PBMCs, which regulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation, immune response, and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California.
authors.forename: Tasha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California.
authors.forename: Maham
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rais
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California.|2 Oregon Primate Research Center , Beaverton, Oregon.
authors.forename: Ilhem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Messaoudi
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs