title: Double ophthalmic arteries arising from the internal carotid artery: a case report of a hidden second ophthalmic artery.
abstract: A case of double ophthalmic arteries arising from the internal carotid artery with unique features is reported. This case was discovered following in the course of time the progress of a thrombosis of the anterior cavernous sinus associated with a low-flow direct arteriovenous fistula of the superior ophthalmic vein. At different time points, the same patient underwent four angiographic studies and one computerized tomography with contrast medium. Angiographies showed that the double internal carotid artery origin of the ophthalmic artery was detectable only within a short range of time. To the best of our knowledge, this case is unique as it demonstrates that a second ophthalmic artery may lie hidden, showing itself only under particular hemodynamic requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Sensorineural Sciences, Unit of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention (NINT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bracco
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Sensorineural Sciences, Unit of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention (NINT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gennari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Sensorineural Sciences, Unit of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention (NINT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Ignazio Maria
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Vallone
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Sensorineural Sciences, Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Sensorineural Sciences, Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acampa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Sensorineural Sciences, Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Developmental medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. eugenio.bertelli@unisi.it.|Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy. eugenio.bertelli@unisi.it.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063405:Anatomic Variation; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020226:Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Arteriovenous fistula; Double ophthalmic artery; Orbit; Persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery; Selective angiography