title: HCV/HTLV coinfection: Does HTLV-1 interfere in the natural history of HCV-related diseases?
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) coinfection occurs in many regions. However, few studies have focused on the natural history of HCV-induced liver disease in coinfected patients. To describe the clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological aspects of HTLV-1/HCV coinfection in Brazil. A cross-sectional study with 23 patients coinfected with HCV/HTLV. The control groups consisted of 21 patients monoinfected with HCV and 20 patients monoinfected with HTLV-1. The cytokine profiles (Th1 and Th2 cell responses), clinical, laboratory features, and histopathological aspects were examined. The control group for cytokine analysis validation consisted of patients monoinfected with HTLV, and a fourth group consisted of healthy blood donors. No anthropometric differences present between the three infected groups. We observed higher serum concentrations of IFN-γ in patients coinfected with HCV/HTLV-1 than those in HCV monoinfected patients. The HCV/HTLV-1 coinfected group also exhibited a higher degree of liver steatosis than the HCV monoinfected patients. Results suggest that HCV/HTLV-1 coinfection may result in a different pattern of HCV infection due to the immunologic disorders likely associated with HTLV-1, but there is no clear evidence of the HTLV role in the natural history of HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 88:1967-1972, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Costa
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Alves Costa
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Uzêda
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ajax
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atta
authors.affiliation: Immunology Laboratory of the Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia - Scholar CNPq/INCT-DT/MCT/CNPq, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Songeli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: M Freire
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service of the University Hospital Professor Edgar Santos, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Hepatology Center of the University Hospital Professor Edgar Santos, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Schinoni
authors.affiliation: Hepatology Center of the University Hospital Professor Edgar Santos, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raymundo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paraná
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: HCV; T-lymphotropic virus type 1; cytokines; epidemiology; hepatitis C virus