title: Long-term iron deficiency: Tracing changes in the proteome of different pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars.
abstract: Iron deficiency (-Fe) is one of the major problems in crop production. Dicots, like pea (Pisum sativum L.), are Strategy I plants, which induce a group of specific enzymes such as Fe(III)-chelate reductase (FRO), Fe responsive transporter (IRT) and H(+)-ATPase (HA) at the root plasma membrane under -Fe. Different species and cultivars have been shown to react diversely to -Fe. Furthermore, different kinds of experimental set-ups for -Fe have to be distinguished: i) short-term vs. long-term, ii) constant vs. acute alteration and iii) buffered vs. unbuffered systems. The presented work compares the effects of constant long-term -Fe in an unbuffered system on roots of four different pea cultivars in a timely manner (12, 19 and 25days). To differentiate the effects of -Fe and plant development, control plants (+Fe) were analyzed in comparison to -Fe plants. Besides physiological measurements, an integrative study was conducted using a comprehensive proteome analysis. Proteins, related to stress adaptation (e.g. HSP), reactive oxygen species related proteins and proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport were identified to be changed in their abundance. Regulations and possible functions of identified proteins are discussed.
  
  
  
  Pea (Pisum sativum L.) belongs to the legume family (Fabaceae) and is an important crop plant due to high Fe, starch and protein contents. According to FAOSTAT data (September 2015), world production of the garden pea quadrupled from 1970 to 2012. Since the initial studies by Gregor Mendel, the garden pea became the most-characterized legume and has been used in numerous investigations in plant biochemistry and physiology, but is not well represented in the "omics"-related fields. A major limitation in pea production is the Fe availability from soils. Adaption mechanisms to Fe deficiency vary between species, and even cultivars have been shown to react diversely. A label-free proteomic approach, in combination with physiological measurements, was chosen to observe four different pea cultivars for 5 to 25days. Physiological and proteome data showed that cultivar Blauwschokker and Vroege were more susceptible to -Fe than cultivar Kelvedon (highly efficient) and GftR (semi-efficient). Proteomic data hint that the adaptation process to long-term -Fe takes place between days 19 and 25. Results show that adaptation processes of efficient cultivars are able to postpone secondary negative effects of long-term -Fe, possibly by stabilizing the protein metabolic processing and the mitochondrial electron transport components. This maintains the cellular energy proliferation, keeps ROS production low and postpones the mitochondrial cell death signal.
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Oxidative Stress and Plant Proteomics Group, Ohnhorststraße 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; CEA, IBEB, Laboratoire de biologie du développement des plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France; CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France; Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille F-13284, France. Electronic address: Claudia.Meisrimler@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Claudia-Nicole
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Meisrimler
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Dept. of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: stefanie.wienkoop@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wienkoop
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Dept. of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: david.lyon@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lyon
authors.affiliation: University of Kiel, Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: cmgeilfus@plantnutrition.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Christoph-Martin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Geilfus
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Oxidative Stress and Plant Proteomics Group, Ohnhorststraße 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: s.luthje@botanik.uni-hamburg.de.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lüthje
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000009:adverse effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007501:Iron
keywords: Iron deficiency; Legumes; Microsomes; Mitochondrial electron transport chain; Pea; Proteomics