title: Spectral distribution of local field potential responses to electrical stimulation of the retina.
abstract: Different frequency bands of the local field potential (LFP) have been shown to reflect neuronal activity occurring at varying cortical scales. As such, recordings of the LFP may offer a novel way to test the efficacy of neural prostheses and allow improvement of stimulation strategies via neural feedback. Here we use LFP measurements from visual cortex to characterize neural responses to electrical stimulation of the retina. We aim to show that the LFP is a viable signal that contains sufficient information to optimize the performance of sensory neural prostheses.
  
  
  
  Clinically relevant electrode arrays were implanted in the suprachoroidal space of one eye in four felines. LFPs were simultaneously recorded in response to stimulation of individual electrodes using penetrating microelectrode arrays from the visual cortex. The frequency response of each electrode was extracted using multi-taper spectral analysis and the uniqueness of the responses was determined via a linear decoder.
  
  
  
  We found that cortical LFPs are reliably modulated by electrical stimulation of the retina and that the responses are spatially localized. We further characterized the spectral distribution of responses, with maximum information being contained in the low and high gamma bands. Finally, we found that LFP responses are unique to a large range of stimulus parameters (∼40) with a maximum conveyable information rate of 6.1 bits.
  
  
  
  These results show that the LFP can be used to validate responses to electrical stimulation of the retina and we provide the first steps towards using these responses to provide more efficacious stimulation strategies.
authors.affiliation: NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
authors.forename: Yan T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Halupka
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameneva
authors.forename: Shaun L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cloherty
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Grayden
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Burkitt
authors.forename: Hamish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meffin
authors.forename: Mohit N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Shivdasani
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D058117:Neural Prostheses; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D014793:Visual Cortex; D057488:Visual Prosthesis