title: Perirenal lymphatic systems: Evaluation using spectral presaturation with inversion recovery T2 -weighted MR images with 3D volume isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition at 3.0T.
abstract: To evaluate the normal anatomy of the perirenal lymphatics using spectral presaturation with inversion recovery (SPIR) T2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D volume isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition (VISTA) at 3.0T.
  
  
  
  This retrospective study was approved by the two Institutional Review Boards and informed consent was waived. Thin-collimated axial images obtained using SPIR T2 -weighted MR imaging sequences with 3D VISTA at 3.0T from 50 patients (100 kidneys) with normal renal function were retrospectively reviewed. The perirenal lymphatic vessels were defined as fluid signal intensity structures on this MRI sequence. Two readers independently assessed the degree of visualization of the perirenal lymphatics using a 4-point scale in four anatomical regions, including the renal hilar, capsular, communicating pericapsular, and subfascial lymphatics, and interobserver agreement was evaluated with weighted kappa statics. The detectability of each lymphatic system was calculated for each reader using confidence level ratings of grades 1 and 2 as positive and grades 3 and 4 as negative.
  
  
  
  Interobserver agreement for the visualization grades was almost perfect (kappa value = 0.9). The renal hilar lymphatics along the renal vein were clearly identified in all patients. The detectability of other perirenal lymphatics was 44% for the capsular lymphatics, 39% for communicating pericapsular lymphatics, and 22% for the subfascial lymphatics. There was no laterality regarding the detectability of the perirenal lymphatics.
  
  
  
  The findings of this study support the feasibility of SPIR T2 -weighted MR images with 3D-VISTA at 3.0T for evaluating the perirenal lymphatic systems. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:897-905.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan. matsushu@oita-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shunro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyonaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mimata
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hijiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Oita Diagnostic Imaging Center, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.affiliation: Oita Diagnostic Imaging Center, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomonari
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokai University School of Medicine, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokai University School of Medicine, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Terumitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasebe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: anatomy; kidney; lymphatic system; magnetic resonance imaging