title: Identification of ganglioside GM2 activator playing a role in cancer cell migration through proteomic analysis of breast cancer secretomes.
abstract: Cancer cell secretomes are considered a potential source for the discovery of cancer markers. In this study, the secretomes of four breast cancer (BC) cell lines (Hs578T, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3) were profiled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 1410 proteins were identified with less than 1% false discovery rate, of which approximately 55% (796 proteins) were predicted to be secreted from cells. To find BC-specific proteins among the secreted proteins, data of immunohistochemical staining compiled in the Human Protein Atlas were investigated by comparing the data of BC tissues with those of normal tissues. By applying various criteria, including higher expression level in BC tissues, higher predicted potential of secretion, and sufficient number of tandem mass spectra, 12 biomarker candidate proteins including ganglioside GM2 activator (GM2A) were selected for confirmation. Western blot analysis and ELISA for plasma samples of healthy controls and BC patients revealed elevation of GM2A in BC patients, especially those who were estrogen receptor-negative. Additionally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GM2A in BC cells decreased migration in vitro, whereas the overexpression of GM2A led to an increase in cell migration. Although GM2A as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in BC should be carefully verified further, this study has established the potential role of GM2A in BC progression.
authors.affiliation: Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jihye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gamin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sei Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoguen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheolju
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D049289:G(M2) Activator Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D049289:G(M2) Activator Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Biomarker; breast cancer; ganglioside GM2 activator; migration; secretome