title: Different cutaneous innate immunity profiles in acne patients with and without atrophic scars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with scar development in many patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To check whether early inflammatory events in the epidermis via keratinocytes influence the development of scars in acne patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated several immunological markers involved in epidermal innate immunity in both clinically normal skin and inflammatory early papules in acne patients prone to scars or not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal skin of acne patients prone to scars vs not prone to scars, TLR-4, IL-2, IL-10, TIMP-2 and JUN were significantly overexpressed and the MMP-9 protein level was decreased. Similar results were obtained in early inflammatory papules (no more than three days), except for TLR-4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest for the first time a link between the early events of inflammation with levels of activation of innate immunity in normal epidermis of acne patients and the development of scars. These markers could be a target for drugs in the field of scar prevention.
authors.affiliation: Dermato-Oncology department, Nantes Hospital, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes, France, CRCNA, Inserm U892, CNRS 6299, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saint-Jean
authors.affiliation: Dermato-Oncology department, Nantes Hospital, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes, France, CRCNA, Inserm U892, CNRS 6299, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khammari
authors.affiliation: CRCNA, Inserm U892, CNRS 6299, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jasson
authors.affiliation: Biostatistic department, PIMES, Hôpital St Jacques, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Dermato-Oncology department, Nantes Hospital, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes, France, CRCNA, Inserm U892, CNRS 6299, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dréno
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2
keywords: acne; cutaneous immunity; scar