title: Evaluation of temperature change during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with two different photosensitizers in dental caries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many attempts have been made in elimination of bacteria in infected and demineralized dentin to not only provide efficient bactericidal potential, but to have minimal damage for tooth structure. The aim of this study was to assess the temperature change during aPDT with ICG and TBO compared with conventional Diode laser irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 premolar teeth which were selected for this study. A class I cavity was drilled in each teeth, with dimensions of 2mm width, 4mm length and depth of 2.5-3.5mm, providing a dentinal wall of approximately 0.5mm for pulp chamber. Then teeth were randomly allocated in 4 experimental groups (n=12); Group 1: TBO+LED, Group 2: ICG+Diode Laser, Group 3: Diode laser with output power of 0.5W, Group 4: Diode laser with output power of 1W. Thermocouple device was held by experimenter hand and the sensor was in pulp chamber of the teeth. Heat generated during irradiation was reported on LCD screen by NUX Plus software. Repeated measure ANOVA was used in order to compare the temperature before and after laser application. Tukey HSD was used to compare the results between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temperature was risen for about 0.54±0.05°C for group 1, 1.67±0.14°C for group 2, 4.21±0.83°C for group 3, and 4. 50±0.32°C for group 4. The difference between group 1 & 2, 1 & 3 and 1 & 4 was significant (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to results of this study, Diode (with or without photosensitizer- 0.5 and 1W) can be safely used as alternative approach for disinfection after caries removal in thermal point of view.
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansoreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirzaie
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmael
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yassini
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Sajjad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashnagar
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadadi
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: n-chiniforush@farabi.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiniforush
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000145:classification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Dental caries; Disinfection; Indocyanine green; Temperature change; Toluidine blue