title: Serum Total Sialic Acid and Highly Sensitive C-reactive Protein: Prognostic Markers for the Diabetic Nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken to evaluate and establish the role of total sialic acid (TSA) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with complications such as diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-seven patients with T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 162 patients of T2DM without nephropathy (DM) along with 165 unrelated age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum glucose (fasting and postprandial) levels, renal profile, and lipid profile were done as per standard protocol. Serum TSA test levels and hs-CRP level were evaluated using thiobarbituric acid assay and immunoturbidimetric method respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a higher concentration of serum TSA (82.67 ± 6.63 mg/dl) and hs-CRP (3.2 ± 1.44 mg/L) in diabetic nephropathy than the diabetes mellitus group (73.83 ± 6.90 mg/dl and 2.07 ± 1.32 mg/L, respectively). Both TSA and hs-CRP levels were found significantly correlated with fasting and postprandial blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, and urine microalbumin levels in both DM and DN groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both TSA and hs-CRP was independently associated with diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High serum TSA and hs-CRP levels may increase the microangiopathic (diabetic nephropathy) complications of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.affiliation: Central Research Laboratory, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Chirayu Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bharosay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmocology, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vyas
keywords: Diabetic nephropathy; highly sensitive C-reactive protein; total sialic acid; type 2 diabetes mellitus