title: Revisiting the iron pools in cucumber roots: identification and localization.
abstract: Fe deficiency responses in Strategy I causes a shift from the formation of partially removable hydrous ferric oxide on the root surface to the accumulation of Fe-citrate in the xylem. Iron may accumulate in various chemical forms during its uptake and assimilation in roots. The permanent and transient Fe microenvironments formed during these processes in cucumber which takes up Fe in a reduction based process (Strategy I) have been investigated. The identification of Fe microenvironments was carried out with (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and immunoblotting, whereas reductive washing and high-resolution microscopy was applied for the localization. In plants supplied with (57)Fe(III)-citrate, a transient presence of Fe-carboxylates in removable forms and the accumulation of partly removable, amorphous hydrous ferric oxide/hydroxyde have been identified in the apoplast and on the root surface, respectively. The latter may at least partly be the consequence of bacterial activity at the root surface. Ferritin accumulation did not occur at optimal Fe supply. Under Fe deficiency, highly soluble ferrous hexaaqua complex is transiently formed along with the accumulation of Fe-carboxylates, likely Fe-citrate. As (57)Fe-citrate is non-removable from the root samples of Fe deficient plants, the major site of accumulation is suggested to be the root xylem. Reductive washing results in another ferrous microenvironment remaining in the root apoplast, the Fe(II)-bipyridyl complex, which accounts for ~30 % of the total Fe content of the root samples treated for 10 min and rinsed with CaSO4 solution. When (57)Fe(III)-EDTA or (57)Fe(III)-EDDHA was applied as Fe-source higher soluble ferrous Fe accumulation was accompanied by a lower total Fe content, confirming that chelates are more efficient in maintaining soluble Fe in the medium while less stable natural complexes as Fe-citrate may perform better in Fe accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, Budapest, 1512, Hungary. kkriszti@chem.elte.hu.
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pechoušek
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machala
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zbořil
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Klencsár
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter lane 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Solti
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi Str., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
authors.forename: Brigitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter lane 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Brigitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter lane 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Hong Diep
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter lane 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kristóf
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter lane 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fodor
mesh_terms: D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015204:Spectroscopy, Mossbauer; D052584:Xylem / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058085:Iron Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; C025314:ferric citrate; D007501:Iron
keywords: Cucumis sativus L.; Ferritin; Hydrous ferric oxides; Iron uptake; Mössbauer spectroscopy