title: Intravenous Toxicity Study of Water-soluble Ginseng Pharmacopuncture in SD Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radix Ginseng has been used for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of diseases. Radix ginseng has also been used as a traditional medicine for boosting Qi energy and tonifying the spleen and lungs. Traditionally, its effect could be obtained orally. Nowadays, a new method, the injection of herbal medicine, is being used. This study was performed to investigate the single-dose intravenous toxicity of water-soluble ginseng pharmacopuncture (WSGP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  All experiments were carried out at Biotoxtech, an institute authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the regulation of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). At the age of six weeks, 40 SD rats, 20 male rats and 20 female rats, were allocated into one of 4 groups according to the dosages they would receive. The WSGP was prepared in the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute under the regulation of Korea-Good Manufacturing Practice (K-GMP). Dosages of WSGP were 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mL/animal for the experimental groups, and normal saline was administered to the control group. The rat's general conditions and body weights, the results of their hematological and biochemistry tests, and their necropsy and histopathological findings were investigated to identify the toxicological effect of WSGP injected intravenously. The effect was examined for 14 days after the WSGP injection. This study was performed under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Biotoxtech.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No deaths were found in this single-dose toxicity test on the intravenous injection of WSGP, and no significant changes in the rat's general conditions and body weights, the results on their hematological and biochemistry test, and their necropsy findings were observed during the test. The local area of the injection site showed minial change. The lethal dose was assumed to be over 1.0 mL/animal in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that WSGP is safe at dosages up to 1 mL/animal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Center of the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Rok
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kwon
keywords: aqua acupuncture; herbal acupuncture; intravenous toxicity; radix ginseng