title: Prostate cancer: from Gleason scoring to prognostic grade grouping.
abstract: The Gleason grading system was developed in the late 1960s by Dr. Donald F. Gleason. Due to changes in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) detection and treatment, newer technologies to better characterize prostatic pathology, subsequently described variants of PAC and further data relating various morphologic patterns to prognosis, the application of the Gleason grading system changed substantially in surgical pathology. First in 2005 and more recently in 2014, consensus conferences were held to update PAC grading. Here, we review of the successive changes in the grading of PAC from the original system, with emphasis on the newest prognostic grade grouping.
authors.affiliation: a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
authors.affiliation: b Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.affiliation: a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzucchelli
authors.affiliation: b Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burattini
authors.affiliation: b Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.affiliation: c Urology Clinic , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Galosi
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: e Pathology Service , Champalimaud Clinical Center , Lisbon , Portugal.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Beltran
authors.affiliation: f Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology , URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.affiliation: f Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology , URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.affiliation: a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpelli
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: 2005 ISUP Gleason modified system; 2014 ISUP Gleason modified system; Gleason grading; International society of urological pathology; Prostate cancer; prognostic grade grouping