title: Response of Lemna minor L. to short-term cobalt exposure: The effect on photosynthetic electron transport chain and induction of oxidative damage.
abstract: The effect of two concentrations of cobalt (Co(2+)) on photosynthetic activity and antioxidative response in Lemna minor L. were assessed 24, 48 and 72h after the start of the exposure. Higher concentration of cobalt (1mM) induced growth inhibition while lower concentration (0.01mM) increased photosynthetic pigments content. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients revealed high sensitivity of photosystem II primary photochemistry to excess of Co(2+) especially at the higher concentration where decreased electron transport beyond primary quinone acceptor QA(-) and impaired function of oxygen evolving complex (OEC) was observed. Due to impairment of OEC, oxygen production was decreased at higher Co(2+) concentration. Activity of superoxide dismutase was mainly inhibited while lipid peroxidation increased, at both concentrations, indicating that cobalt-induced oxidative damage after short exposure and moreover, susceptibility of the membranes in the cell to cobalt toxicity. Results obtained in this study suggest possible application of used parameters as tools in assessment of early damage caused by metals.
authors.affiliation: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: lbegovic@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Lidija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Begović
authors.affiliation: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: smlinaric@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mlinarić
authors.affiliation: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: jantunovic@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Jasenka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antunović Dunić
authors.affiliation: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: zkatanic@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Katanić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica kralja Petra Svačića 1d, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: zdenko.loncaric@pfos.hr.
authors.forename: Zdenko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lončarić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Lorenza Jägera 9, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: hlepedus@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hrvoje
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lepeduš
authors.affiliation: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: vcesarus@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cesar
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D029064:Araceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D003035:Cobalt / Q000633:toxicity*; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002734:Chlorophyll; D003035:Cobalt; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010100:Oxygen; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: Cobalt; Lemna minor; Lipid peroxidation; Oxygen evolving complex; Photosystem II