title: Gender Differentiated Preferences for a Community-Based Conservation Initiative.
abstract: Community-based conservation (CBC) aims to benefit local people as well as to achieve conservation goals, but has been criticised for taking a simplistic view of "community" and failing to recognise differences in the preferences and motivations of community members. We explore this heterogeneity in the context of Kenya's conservancies, focussing on the livelihood preferences of men and women living adjacent to the Maasai Mara National Reserve. Using a discrete choice experiment we quantify the preferences of local community members for key components of their livelihoods and conservancy design, differentiating between men and women and existing conservancy members and non-members. While Maasai preference for pastoralism remains strong, non-livestock-based livelihood activities are also highly valued and there was substantial differentiation in preferences between individuals. Involvement with conservancies was generally perceived to be positive, but only if households were able to retain some land for other purposes. Women placed greater value on conservancy membership, but substantially less value on wage income, while existing conservancy members valued both conservancy membership and livestock more highly than did non-members. Our findings suggest that conservancies can make a positive contribution to livelihoods, but care must be taken to ensure that they do not unintentionally disadvantage any groups. We argue that conservation should pay greater attention to individual-level differences in preferences when designing interventions in order to achieve fairer and more sustainable outcomes for members of local communities.
authors.affiliation: School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.|Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom.|ZSL Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aidan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.affiliation: Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom.|ZSL Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gurd
authors.affiliation: Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom.|ZSL Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom.|Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association (KWCA), P.O Box 1038 000517, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Dickson
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaelo
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.|The Center for Sustainable Drylands Ecosystems and Societies, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30297 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Mohammed Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.|World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.affiliation: ZSL Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J Marcus
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rowcliffe
authors.affiliation: Anthropology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Homewood
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012727:Sex Characteristics