title: Risk Factors for Hypogonadism in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Male hypogonadism is an endocrine disease characterized by low levels of serum testosterone and is closely related to the development of diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to observe the risk factors for hypogonadism in male patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 213 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and divided into a low total testosterone (TT) group (=75) and a normal TT group (=138). The patients' blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin, and sex hormones were measured. The correlations between the patients' metabolic index and sex hormone levels were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the normal TT group, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FINS), and HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly higher, but the luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly lower in the low TT group (p < 0.05). Correlation analyses found that TT was negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference (WC), FINS, and HOMA-IR. TT was positively correlated with LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several risk factors of diabetes associated closely with hypogonadism. BMI, metabolic syndrome (MS), HOMA-IR, and LH are independent risk factors for hypogonadism in male patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Rendong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Huifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Hongping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Kemian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005058:Eunuchism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone