title: Cost avoidance from dose rounding biologic and cytotoxic antineoplastics.
abstract: Background To reduce product wastage, our institution allows automatic dose rounding of biologic and cytotoxic anticancer agents. The purpose of this project was to determine the actual annual cost avoidance due to pharmacist-managed automatic dose rounding of anticancer treatments. Methods Financial impact was assessed within the context of our departmental standard work which supports automatic dose rounding of biologic anticancer agents (±10%) and cytotoxic anticancer agents (±5%) to the nearest vial size for body surface area- or weight-based doses. Exclusions to automatic dose rounding include multiple dose vial products, pediatric orders, clinical trial drugs, and parenteral busulfan. The amount of cost avoidance for each rounded dose was determined using the product acquisition cost of the smallest available product amount. Data were collected from anticancer treatment orders for the fiscal year 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014. Results A total of 6216 doses of anticancer drugs were checked for dose rounding during the period of data collection. Almost $200,000 in product acquisition cost was avoided with pharmacist-managed automatic dose rounding. Six different biologic products accounted for approximately 7% of the total doses analyzed and 78% of the cost avoidance. Fifteen drugs comprised the array of cytotoxic agents rounded. Approximately, 37% and 4% of the biologic and cytotoxic doses were rounded up to the vial size. Conclusion Routine dose rounding of biologic anticancer agents (±10%) and cytotoxic products (±5%) achieved cost avoidance through reduction of drug wastage at our institution.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Spectrum Health Hospitals, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Vandyke
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Spectrum Health Hospitals, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Athmann
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Supply Chain Management, Spectrum Health Hospitals, Reed City, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Corey M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ballmer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Spectrum Health Hospitals, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Polly E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kintzel
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight; D017046:Cost Savings / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Drug costs; antineoplastic agents; biologic agents; drug dosage calculations