title: Evaluation of the cross-reactivity of antigens in Glupearl 19S and other hydrolysed wheat proteins in cosmetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Japan, over 2000 users of a facial soap containing Glupearl 19S (GP19S), a hydrolysed wheat protein (HWP), developed immediate-type systemic wheat allergy (HWP-IWA), and ∼70% of them developed associated contact urticaria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether HWP-IWA patients cross-react with other HWPs, and analysed HWP antigenic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 10 types of HWP that are commercially available as cosmetic ingredients, and 16 subjects with HWP-IWA. We performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the reactivity to each HWP, and western blotting to evaluate the characteristics of the antigens by using HWP-IWA patients' serum IgE antibodies. We also performed prick tests with the HWPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients reacted to four other HWPs in addition to GP19S, according to ELISA, and this was confirmed by strong reactions in the prick tests to the same four types of HWP. Smears of antigens with molecular weights ranging from the high range to the low range were seen on western blotting with the four HWPs that showed strong reactions in the ELISA and prick tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HWP-IWA patients cross-react with other HWPs. The antigens that they cross-reacted to had a molecular weight distribution similar to that of GP19S present in the HWPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan.|General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd, Aichi, 480-1136 Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagami
authors.affiliation: General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd, Aichi, 480-1136 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan.|Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano-Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan.|Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
mesh_terms: D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005903:Gliadin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests; D014908:Triticum / Q000276:immunology*; D014581:Urticaria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D003358:Cosmetics; C000606994:Glupearl 19S; D010455:Peptides; D010940:Plant Proteins; C475180:omega-5 gliadin, wheat; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D005983:Glutens; D005903:Gliadin
keywords: Glupearl 19S; anaphylaxis; antigenicity; contact urticaria; cosmetics; cross-reactivity; hydrolysed wheat protein; immediate-type wheat allergy