title: The expression profiles of the galectin gene family in colorectal adenocarcinomas.
abstract: We aim to investigate the expression profiles of galectin family genes (galectins-1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) in colorectal carcinomas. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of galectin family members (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in colorectal tissues from 201 patients (54 noncancer colorectal tissues, 49 adenomas, and 98 adenocarcinomas). Galectin-1 and galectin-3 protein expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. In general, high galectin mRNA expression was noted in colorectal carcinomas in early stages of their pathogenesis. Significant differences in galectins-2, 3, 7, 8, and 10 mRNA expression were associated with pathologic stages (P<.05). Increased prevalence of galectins-2, 7, 8, and 10 mRNA overexpression was noted in nonmetastatic colorectal carcinomas (P<.05). Galectin-1 and galectin-3 proteins were present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the colorectal tissues and expressed significantly higher in colorectal carcinomas when compared to colorectal adenomas (61% and 95%, respectively). Patients with colorectal carcinoma with high levels of galectin-3 mRNA and protein expression showed better prognosis (P=.052). To conclude, many novel correlations between the deregulation of galectin family genes and various clinicopathological features in colorectal adenocarcinoma were noted. Overexpression of galectins at the mRNA level and proteins were predominant in earlier stages of colorectal carcinomas. These altered expression patterns of galectin genes suggest the multifunctional role of galectin genes in the regulation of colorectal cancer development, progression, and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saremi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Sadiul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Cu-Tai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salajegheh
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert Anthony
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia. Electronic address: a.lam@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alfred King-Yin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D037161:Galectins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D037161:Galectins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Colorectal carcinoma; Galectin; Immunohistochemistry; Protein; mRNA