title: Role of glyoxalase I gene polymorphisms in late-onset epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies indicate that increased expression of glyoxalase I (GLO1) could result in epileptic seizures; thus, this study further explored the association of GLO1 with epilepsy from the perspective of molecular genetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  GLO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1130534, rs4746 and rs1049346) were investigated in cohort I (the initial samples: 249 cases and 289 controls). A replication study designed to confirm the positive findings in cohort I was performed in cohorts II (the additional samples: 130 cases and 191 controls) and I+II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cohorts I, II and I+II, the CC genotype at rs1049346 T>C exerts a protective effect against both late-onset epilepsy (odds ratio [OR]=2.437, p=0.013; OR=2.844, p=0.008; OR=2.645, p=0.000, q=0.003, respectively) and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) (OR=2.985, p=0.020; OR=2.943, p=0.014; OR=3.049, p=0.001, q=0.006, respectively). Further analyses in cohort I+II indicate that the presence of the TAC/AAT haplotypes (rs1130534-rs4746-rs1049346) may be used as a marker of predisposition to/protection against DRE (p=0.002, q=0.010; p=0.000, q=0.002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to demonstrate that the GLO1 SNPs are significantly associated with epilepsy. In particular, the rs1049346 T>C SNPs are potentially useful for risk assessment of late-onset epilepsy and DRE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
authors.forename: Ligang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Wangtao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
authors.forename: Shuyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Guoda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Jianghao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
authors.forename: Lifen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
authors.forename: Zhien
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China. Electronic address: binzhaoe@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China. Electronic address: likeshen1971@126.com.
authors.forename: Keshen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C000597196:GLO1 protein, human; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase
keywords: Drug-resistant epilepsy; Glyoxalase I; Late-onset epilepsy; Single nucleotide polymorphisms