title: Early transcriptional events in the udder and teat after intra-mammary Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus challenge.
abstract: Intra-mammary bacterial infections can result in harmful clinical mastitis or subclinical mastitis with persistent infections. Research during the last decades closely examined the pathophysiology of inflamed udders. Initial events after pathogen perception but before the onset of mastitis have not been examined in vivo The objective of this study was to develop a mastitis model in cows by monitoring initial transcriptional pathogen-specific host response before clinical signs occur. We applied a short-term infection model to analyse transcripts encoding chemokines, cytokines and antimicrobial molecules in the teat cistern (TC) and lobulo-alveolar parenchyma (LP) up to 3 h after challenge with E and Staphylococcus aureus Both pathogens elicited an immune reaction by 1 h after challenge. Escherichia coli induced all analysed factors (CCL20, CXCL8, TNF, IL6, IL12B, IL10, LAP, S100A9); however, S. aureus failed to induce IL12B, IL10, LAP and S100A9 expression. The E. coli-induced up-regulation was 25-105 times greater than that after S. aureus challenge. Almost all the responses were restricted to the TC. The short-term mastitis model demonstrates that a divergent pathogen-specific response is generated during the first h. It confirms that the first transcripts are generated in the TC prior to a response in the LP.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulance and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany wpetzl@lmu.de.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petzl
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulance and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mühlbauer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seyfert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schuberth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hussen
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulance and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauter-Louis
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Authority for Health and Food Safety, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafner-Marx
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulance and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Holm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zerbe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008413:Mastitis / Q000276:immunology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D040502:Calgranulin B; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Cow; host-response; mastitis; model; subclinical