title: Association of Sleep Deprivation With Reduction in Insulin Sensitivity as Assessed by the Hyperglycemic Clamp Technique in Adolescents.
abstract: The association between short sleep duration and decreased insulin sensitivity in adolescents has been described. However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated this association measuring insulin sensitivity by the hyperglycemic clamp technique.
  
  
  
  To compare the distributions of parameters of insulin resistance in adolescents with sleep deprivation vs adequate sleep, and to investigate the association between sleep deprivation and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional multicenter study using data from the Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study conducted from June 29, 2011, to December 3, 2014, at an obesity outpatient clinic at the University of Campinas and public schools, with a convenience sample of 615 adolescents aged 10 to 19.9 years with a body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) for age and sex at the fifth percentile or higher. A subsample of 81 adolescents underwent the hyperglycemic clamp technique.
  
  
  
  The self-reported sleep duration was used to classify the population into 2 groups: adolescents with sleep deprivation (<8 hours/night) and adolescents with adequate sleep (≥8 hours/night). Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the hyperglycemic clamp technique.
  
  
  
  Among the 615 adolescents (56.3% female; median age, 15.9 years [interquartile range, 12.9-17.8 years]) included in the sample, the mean (SD) sleep duration was 7.9 (1.7) hours/night. The adolescents with sleep deprivation (n = 257) compared with those with adequate sleep (n = 358) had a higher median (interquartile range) age (17.0 [15.4-18.3] vs 14.1 [11.8-16.9] years), BMI (25.0 [21.2-29.3] vs 23.1 [19.5-27.6]), waist circumference (83.0 [73.5-95.4] vs 79.0 [68.5-91.0] cm), sagittal abdominal diameter (17.9 [15.8-20.8] vs 17.0 [15.0-19.8] cm), neck circumference (35.2 [33.0-38.0] vs 33.0 [30.0-35.5] cm), uric acid level (4.9 [4.0-5.8] vs 4.5 [3.7-5.5] mg/dL), and white blood cell count (7000 [5900-8200] vs 6600 [5600-7800] cells/μL) (all P < .05). Moreover, the adolescents with sleep deprivation had a lower median (interquartile range) insulin sensitivity index compared with those with adequate sleep (0.10 [0.05-0.21] vs 0.21 [0.09-0.33] mg · kgfat-free mass-1 · min-1 · mU/L × 100, respectively; difference, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.01 to -0.00; P = .02). After controlling for age and sex in the multivariate regression model, sleep deprivation remained an independent predictor for those variables. In the sleep deprivation group, BMI and central distribution of fat were higher in all categories of adiposity.
  
  
  
  Sleep deprivation (<8 hours of sleep per night) is associated with centripetal distribution of fat and decreased insulin sensitivity in adolescents. Therefore, investigations of sleep duration and sleep quality in adolescents should be included in clinical practice to promote, through health education, the eradication of the health risks associated with sleep restriction.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University Center Nossa Senhora do Patrocinio, Itu, Brazil2Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil3Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent He.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Bernardi Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil3Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleliani de Cassia
authors.initials: Cde C
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil3Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil4School of Applied Sci.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Junqueira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vasques
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil3Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniella Fernandes
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Camilo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil3Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francieli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barreiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Soares Lara
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cassani
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil5Department of Pediatrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Porto
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zambon
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil5Department of Pediatrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Ângela Reis de Góes Monteiro
authors.initials: MÂ
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes, Gastrocentro, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil3Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil6National Institute of.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geloneze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose