title: Genetic polymorphisms associated with overweight and obesity in uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Generally, obese and overweight individuals display higher free fatty acid levels, which stimulate insulin resistance. The combination of overweight or obesity with insulin resistance can trigger Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and are primary contributing factors to the development of uncontrolled T2DM. Genetic polymorphisms also play an important role as they can impact a population's susceptibility to becoming overweight or obese and developing related chronic complications, such as uncontrolled T2DM. This review specifically examines the genetic polymorphisms associated with overweight and obesity in patients with uncontrolled T2DM. Particularly, gene polymorphisms in ADIPOQ (rs1501299 and rs17300539), LepR (rs1137101 and rs1045895), IRS2 (rs1805092), GRB14 (rs10195252 and rs3923113) and PPARG (rs1801282) have been associated with overweight and obesity in uncontrolled T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Bahirah
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kasim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Clinical Investigation Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hasniza Zaman
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Huri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shireene Ratna
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vethakkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Luqman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Bashar Mudhaffar
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D052242:Adiponectin; C099655:GRB14 protein, human; C526297:IRS2 protein, human; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D047495:PPAR gamma; D054411:Receptors, Leptin
keywords: ADIPOQ; GRB14; IRS2; LEPR; PPARG; genetic polymorphisms; insulin resistance; obesity; overweight; uncontrolled T2DM