title: Ultrasound virtual endoscopy: Polyp detection and reliability of measurement in an in vitro study with pig intestine specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our initial experience regarding the feasibility of ultrasound virtual endoscopy (USVE) and its measurement reliability for polyp detection in an in vitro study using pig intestine specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six porcine intestine specimens containing 30 synthetic polyps underwent USVE, computed tomography colonography (CTC) and optical colonoscopy (OC) for polyp detection. The polyp measurement defined as the maximum polyp diameter on two-dimensional (2D) multiplanar reformatted (MPR) planes was obtained by USVE, and the absolute measurement error was analyzed using the direct measurement as the reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  USVE detected 29 (96.7%) of 30 polyps, remaining a 7-mm one missed. There was one false-positive finding. Twenty-six (89.7%) of 29 reconstructed images were clearly depicted, while 29 (96.7%) of 30 polyps were displayed on CTC with one false-negative finding. In OC, all the polyps were detected. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.876 (95%CI: 0.745-0.940) for measurements obtained with USVE. The pooled absolute measurement errors ± the standard deviations of the depicted polyps with actual sizes ≤ 5 mm, 6-9 mm, and ≥ 10 mm were 1.9 ± 0.8 mm, 0.9 ± 1.2 mm, and 1.0 ± 1.4 mm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  USVE is reliable for polyp detection and measurement in in vitro study.
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Ya
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Da
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Song
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming-De
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Jin-Ya Liu, Li-Da Chen, Jin-Yu Liang, Ming Xu, Yang Huang, Wei Li, Xiao-Yan Xie, Wei Wang, Ming-De Lu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023881:Colonography, Computed Tomographic; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007417:Intestinal Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: In vitro; Intestinal polyps; Technical feasibility; Three-dimensional ultrasound; Virtual endoscopy