title: Magnetic phases of spin-1 spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases.
abstract: Phases of matter are characterized by order parameters describing the type and degree of order in a system. Here we experimentally explore the magnetic phases present in a near-zero temperature spin-1 spin-orbit-coupled atomic Bose gas and the quantum phase transitions between these phases. We observe ferromagnetic and unpolarized phases, which are stabilized by spin-orbit coupling's explicit locking between spin and motion. These phases are separated by a critical curve containing both first- and second-order transitions joined at a tricritical point. The first-order transition, with observed width as small as h × 4 Hz, gives rise to long-lived metastable states. These measurements are all in agreement with theory.
authors.affiliation: Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Putra
authors.affiliation: Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdés-Curiel
authors.affiliation: Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trypogeorgos
authors.affiliation: Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Spielman