title: [Smoking, smoking cessation and Crohn's disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking whose prevalence is higher in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) worsens its evolution. Ulcerative colitis mostly affect non- or ex-smokers; smoking may improve the course of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Systematic literature review of data on the relationship between smoking, smoking cessation and Crohn'disease.
  Medline, on the period 1980-2015 with the keywords "Crohn's disease" or "inflammatory bowel disease" and "smoking" or "smoking cessation"; limits "Title/Abstract"; the selected languages were English or French.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 1315 articles, 168 abstracts have given rise to a dual reading to select 69 studies (case-control, retrospective, reviews or meta-analysis). Data were extracted using a reading gate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking increases the risk of complications, recurrences and resort of surgery, corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. These deleterious effects are more common in women. Stopping smoking improves the course of the disease and represents an essential component of its management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterogeneity of the studies collected according to the type, population characteristics, definition of smoking status and the validation of smoking cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers suffering from CD must routinely be made aware of the disadvantages of smoking, benefits of abstinence and helped to quit smoking.
authors.affiliation: CHU La Milétrie, pavillon René-Beauchant, service de pneumologie, unité de tabacologie, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France. Electronic address: m.underner@chu-poitiers.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Underner
authors.affiliation: Dispensaire Émile-Roux, centre de tabacologie, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perriot
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Saint-Antoine, service d'hépatologie, gastro-entérologie et nutrition, 75012 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cosnes
authors.affiliation: CHU La Milétrie, service d'hépatologie, gastro-entérologie et nutrition, 86021 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beau
authors.affiliation: CHR Metz-Thionville, service de pneumologie, 57038 Metz, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peiffer
authors.affiliation: CHU La Milétrie, pavillon René-Beauchant, service de pneumologie, unité de tabacologie, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meurice
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation