title: Lyophilized Powder of Catalpol and Puerarin Protects Neurovascular Unit from Stroke.
abstract: Hunting for an effective medicine for brain stroke has been a medical task in neuroscience for decades. The present research showed that the lyophilized Powder of Catalpol and Puerarin (C-P) in all the tested doses (65.4 mg/kg, 32.7 mg/kg, 16.4 mg/kg) significantly reduced the neurological deficiency, infarct volume and apoptotic cells in ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) rats. It also promoted astrocyte processes and prolonged neuron axons in infarct area. Further, it decreased MDA, NO, NF-κB/p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and enhanced the EPOR and GAF-43. 65.4 mg/kg and 32.7 mg/kg C-P could up-regulated EPO and VEGF significantly. In vitro, 49 μg/mL and 24.5 μg/mL C-P decreased the leakage of sodium fluorescein and increased the activity of γ-GTP. Additionally, it increased SOD and decreased MDA, NO, and LDH and decreased NF-κB/p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and unregulated EPO, EPOR, VEGF, and GAP-43. Only the dose of 49 μg/mL increased TEER and Claudin-5 and turned the typically damaged morphologies of neurons, astrocytes and endothelium into a favorable trend. These data imply that C-P improved the recovery of neurological deficiency in motor, sense, balance and reflex, and protected the whole NVU by anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and up-regulating some protective factors. This research provides a candidate medicine for brain stroke and, at the same time, a pattern for drug study targeting NVU in vitro.
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;; 2. Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacological Evaluation, Chongqing 400715, China;; 3. Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062507:Claudin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D062507:Claudin-5; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D007529:Isoflavones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C078040:catalpol; C033607:puerarin
keywords: Brain stroke; Lyophilized Powder of Catalpol and Puerarin; Neuroprotection.; Neurovascular Unit; Oxygen and glucose deprivation