title: Madness and crime: Zefinha, the longest confined woman in Brazil.
abstract: Living in a forensic hospital for the last 38 years, Josefa da Silva is the longest female inhabitant surviving the penal and psychiatric regime in Brazil. This paper analyses dossier, judicial proceedings, interviews and photographs about her. The psychiatric report is the key component of the medical and penal doubling of criminal insanity. Twelve psychiatric reports illustrate three time frames of the court files: abnormality, danger, and abandonment. The psychiatric authority over confinement has moved from discipline to security, and from disciplinary security to social assistance. In the arrangement between the penal and psychiatric powers, the judge recognizes the medical authority over the truth of insanity. It is the medicine of the reasons for Zefinha's internment that altered over the decades.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioética, Direitos Humanos e Gênero, Universidade de Brasília.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioética, Direitos Humanos e Gênero, UnB.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brito
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006782:Hospitals, Special; D006801:Humans; D007298:Insanity Defense / Q000266:history*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000266:history*