title: Management of the Ischemic Nipple-Areola Complex After Breast Reduction.
abstract: Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of nipple-areolar complex (NAC) ischemia and necrosis are fundamental to the practice of breast surgery. Knowledge of breast anatomy, risk factors, and proper technique is not sufficient for avoiding this complication in all cases. Management of this situation is dynamic; it depends on the time of detection, and knowledge of different surgical maneuvers for NAC reperfusion. Management of this complication will continue to improve with technologic advances and research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Instituto Oncologico Henry Moore, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: rancati@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rancati
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Instituto Oncologico Henry Moore, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irigo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Instituto Oncologico Henry Moore, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angrigiani
mesh_terms: D018427:Breast Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D009558:Nipples / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Areolar; Ischemia; Management; Necrosis; Nipple