title: [Lupus anticoagulant: two cases report and literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To deepen the understanding of clinical manifestations and treatment of patients with positive lupus anticoagulant (LAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 2 patients were analyzed and related literature were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case 1, a 31-year-old female, diagnosed as lupus anticoagulant positive, secondary to undifferentiated connective tissue disease, was presented with menorrhagia and thrombocytopenia. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) was positive 1:1000 (homogeneous type) with anti-double stranded DNA positive, and dRVVT LA1/LA2 was 3.4. Coagulation function was alleviated after treatment with glucocorticoid and total glucosides of paeony. Case 2, a 59-year-old female was presented with gingival bleeding, hematuria with the level of F II:C 13%. dRVVT LA1/LA2 was 2.0. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) was positive 1:1000 (type of cytoplasmic granule), anti-double stranded DNA was positive. The patient was diagnosed as hypoprothrombinemia-lupus anticoagulant syndrome (LAHS) and acquired coagulation factor deficiency. The signs of hemorrhage were alleviated after treatment with methylprednisolone 40 mg/day and cyclophosphamide, while the level of F II:C was below normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of patients with positive LAC are variable. The diagnosis relies on history of disease and laboratory test. Currently, there is no standardized treatment. Cases of LAHS should be thoroughly investigated for any known causes and related disorder.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming' en
authors.initials: Me
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yating
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Boyang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Rongfeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Yueting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Renchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006470:Hemorrhage; D006801:Humans; D007020:Hypoprothrombinemias / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood*; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008775:Methylprednisolone