title: Association of NOD1 and NOD2 polymorphisms with Guillain-Barré syndrome in Northern Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that respond to bacterial substrate and induce NF-κB activation in host. Association of NOD polymorphisms have been studied in many autoimmune disorders, however its role in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) remains unknown. We have investigated NOD1 Glu266Lys and NOD2 (Arg702Trp and Gly908Arg) gene polymorphisms among patients with GBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms in NOD-1 (Glu266Lys) and NOD-2 (Arg702Trp and Gly908Arg) genes were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 105 patients with GBS and 100 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homozygous genotype (Lys/Lys) of NOD1 was significantly associated with GBS (p=0.013); and its subtypes viz. acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) (p=0.008 and p=0.024 respectively) than controls. In NOD2 (Arg702Trp and Gly908Arg) polymorphisms, only heterozygous genotype (Arg/Trp and Gly/Arg) showed significant association with GBS (p=0.001 and p=0.01 respectively); subtypes AMAN, acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) and AIDP showed association with heterozygote Arg702Trp (p=0.001; p=0.029 and p=0.001 respectively) whereas only AIDP was associated with heterozygote genotype Gly908Arg (p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NOD1 (Glu266Lys) and NOD2 (Arg702Trp and Gly908Arg) polymorphisms were associated with an increased susceptibility to GBS. These polymorphisms could be genetic marker to GBS susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P. 226014, India.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kharwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P. 226014, India. Electronic address: knprasad@sgpgi.ac.in.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P. 226014, India.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Paliwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP 226025, India.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Modi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies / Q000379:methods; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein
keywords: GBS; NOD; peripheral nervous system; polymorphism