title: USE OF PATIENT ASSESSED HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENTS IN PROSTATE CANCER RESEARCH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2002-15.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to identify and qualitatively describe, in a systematic literature review, published studies that collected prostate cancer patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) estimates by using validated, generic instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic searches of the literature were made using the Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic databases from 2002 to 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search identified 2,171 references, of which 237 were obtained for full-text assessment; thirty-three of these articles were deemed relevant and included in the systematic review. An indirect valuation method was used in 73 percent (n = 24) of the studies. The most commonly used HRQoL instrument with an indirect valuation method was the EuroQol (EQ-5D; n = 21), and the second most common was the 15D (n = 5). A direct valuation method was used in 48 percent (n = 16) of the studies. Of these, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was the most often used (n = 10), followed by the Time-Trade-Off (n = 6). HRQoL scores varied in localized and early stage disease between 0.63 and 0.91, and in advanced or metastatic disease stage between 0.50 and 0.87. There was also variance in the HRQoL instruments and study methods used, which explains the large variance in HRQoL scores between the various disease stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although utility and quality-adjusted life-years gained are considered important measures of effectiveness in health care, the number of studies in which utilities of prostate cancer patients have been estimated using generic HRQoL instruments, based on either direct or indirect measurement of HRQoL, is fairly small.
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki,Department of Public Healthsaku.torvinen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torvinen
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki,Department of Public Health.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergius
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland,Research Center for Comparative Effectiveness and Patient Safety.
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roine
authors.affiliation: The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lodenius
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki,Department of Public Health.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sintonen
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki,Institute of Clinical Medicine.
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taari
mesh_terms: D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012106:Research; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: HRQoL; HRQoL instrument; Health-related quality of life; Prostate cancer; Systematic review