title: The evolved psychological mechanisms of fertility motivation: hunting for causation in a sea of correlation.
abstract: Cultural, ecological, familial and physiological factors consistently influence fertility behaviours, however, the proximate psychological mechanisms underlying fertility decisions in humans are poorly understood. Understanding the psychological mechanisms underlying human fertility may illuminate the final processes by which some of these known predictors have their influence. To date, research into the psychological mechanisms underlying fertility has been fragmented. Aspects of reproductive psychology have been examined by researchers in a range of fields, but the findings have not been systematically integrated in one review. We provide such a review, examining current theories and research on psychological mechanisms of fertility. We examine the methods and populations used in the research, as well as the disciplines and theoretical perspectives from which the work has come. Much of the work that has been done to date is methodologically limited to examining correlations between ecological, social and economic factors and fertility. We propose, and support with examples, the use of experimental methods to differentiate causal factors from correlates. We also discuss weaknesses in the experimental research, including limited work with non-WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic) populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA lisamcallister@umail.ucsb.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Demography Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Pepper
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, The Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Virgo
authors.affiliation: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: David A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0488-2683
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Coall
mesh_terms: D005191:Family Characteristics; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D000071421:Life History Traits; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011584:Psychology; D043762:Reproductive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: fertility; psychological mechanisms; reproductive decision-making; reproductive preferences