title: Early consumption of liquids different to breast milk in Mexican infants under 1 year: results of the probabilistic National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012
abstract: Introduction: Studies on infant dietary intake do not generally focus on the types of liquids consumed. 
  Objective: To document by age and breastfeeding status, the types of liquids present in the diet of Mexican children under 1 year of age (< 1 y) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT-2012).
  Methods: Analysis of the infant < 1 y feeding practices from the ENSANUT-2012 survey in non-breastfed (non-BF) and breastfed (BF) infants  by status quo for the consumption of liquids grouped in: water, formula, fortified LICONSA milk, nutritive liquids (NL; thin cereal-based gruel with water or milk and coffee with milk) and non-nutritive liquids (non-NL) as sugared water, water-based drinks, tea, beans or chicken broth, aguamieland coffee. In this infants < 1 y we analyzed the not grouped consumption of liquids in the first three days of life (newborns) from the mother’s recall. Percentage and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated adjusting for survey design. Statistical differences were analyzed by Z test.
  Results: We observed a high consumption of human milk followed by formula (56.7%) and water (51.1%) in infants under 6 months of age (< 6 mo). The proportion of non-BF infants consuming non-NL was higher than for BF infants (p < 0.05). More than 60% of older infants (6 mo and < 1 y) consumed formula and were non-BF. In newborns formula consumption was predominant, followed by tea or infusion and water.
  Conclusions: Non-breast milk liquids are present undesirably in Mexican infants’ diet and non-NL are consumed earlier than NL, revealing inadequate early dietary practices.
authors.affiliation: . nutricion@grupoaran.com.
authors.forename: Dinorah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González-Castell
authors.forename: Teresita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: González de Cosío
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ramírez
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Escobar-Zaragoza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008892:Milk; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Infant feeding; Liquid consumption; Nutrition; Survey; Mexico