title: [Effect of supply of fresh poultry products on reducing environment contamination of avian influenza virus in markets].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of supply of fresh poultry products on reducing environment contamination of avian influenza virus (AIV) in markets in Guangzhou.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 markets, including 20 selling alive poultry and 20 selling fresh poultry products, were selected randomly in Guangzhou to conduct environment surveillance in 80 poultry stalls every 4 months from July 2014 to April 2015. Four smear samples were collected from different sites of each poultry stall to detect nucleic acid of AIV. The positive samples were further detected for AIV subtype H5, H7 and H9 nucleic acids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 40 alive poultry stalls, 95.0% (38/40) kept alive poultry overnight, 25.0% (10/40) were disinfected daily, 95.0% (38/40) were cleaned up weekly, 95.0% (38/40) were closed for one day every month. Among 40 fresh poultry product stalls, 20.0% (8/40) were disinfected daily, 90.0% (36/40) were cleaned up weekly, and 96.0% (38/40) ever sold dressed poultry from alive poultry markets. The positive rate of AIV in alive poultry markets was 40.4% (252/623), higher than that in fresh poultry product markets (32.3%, 197/610), the difference was significant (χ(2)=8.85, P=0.003), and the positive rate of subtype H9 virus in alive poultry markets was 28.6% (178/623), higher than that in fresh poultry product markets (16.2%, 99/610), the difference was significant (χ(2)=26.95, P<0.001). In fresh poultry product markets, the positive rate of AIV in stalls selling dressed poultry was 37.3% (180/482), higher than that in stalls selling no dressed poultry (13.3%, 17/128), the difference was significant (χ(2)=26.78, P<0.001), and the positive rate of subtype H9 virus in stalls selling dressed poultry was 19.1% (92/482), higher than that in stalls selling no dressed poultry (5.5%, 7/128), the difference was significant (χ(2)=13.80, P<0.001). Both the positive rate of AIV and the positive rate of subtype H9 virus were highest in the second round surveillance (October 2014). The differences in AIV and its subtype H5, H7 and H9 virus positive rates of environmental samples from four different sites were not significant, respectively. In the same sample site, the positive rate of subtype H9 virus in alive poultry markets was higher than that in fresh poultry product markets the difference was significant (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The supply of fresh poultry products could effectively reduce the level of environment contamination of AIV in markets. Dressed poultry supplement caused the risk of AIV spread in fresh poultry product markets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Chaojun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Kuibiao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Yufei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Emergency, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011200:Poultry; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000600:supply & distribution*