title: User acceptance of a touchless sterile system to control virtual orthodontic study models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this article, we present an evaluation of user acceptance of our innovative hand-gesture-based touchless sterile system for interaction with and control of a set of 3-dimensional digitized orthodontic study models using the Kinect motion-capture sensor (Microsoft, Redmond, Wash).
  
  
  METHODS
  The system was tested on a cohort of 201 participants. Using our validated questionnaire, the participants evaluated 7 hand-gesture-based commands that allowed the user to adjust the model in size, position, and aspect and to switch the image on the screen to view the maxillary arch, the mandibular arch, or models in occlusion. Participants' responses were assessed using Rasch analysis so that their perceptions of the usefulness of the hand gestures for the commands could be directly referenced against their acceptance of the gestures. Their perceptions of the potential value of this system for cross-infection control were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants endorsed these commands as accurate. Our designated hand gestures for these commands were generally accepted. We also found a positive and significant correlation between our participants' level of awareness of cross infection and their endorsement to use this system in clinical practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the adoption of this promising development for a sterile touch-free patient record-management system.
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and Clinical Craniofacial Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: wannurazreena@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Wan Nurazreena
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Wan Hassan
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Community Health and Health Care for Mass Gathering, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; and Kuliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Lide
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Abu Kassim
authors.affiliation: Research assistant, Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jhawar
authors.affiliation: Research student, Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norsyafiqah Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Shurkri
authors.affiliation: Research student, Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nur Azreen
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kamarul Baharin
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chee Seng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D003626:Data Display; D003792:Dental Records; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D003765:Models, Dental; D009970:Orthodontics; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult