title: Development of a valid measurement instrument to understand self-regulatory driving practices among older drivers in Malaysia.
abstract: Self-regulatory driving is a term used to describe a strategy used by older drivers to preserve mobility and safety, through the adjustment of driving behaviors to match declining physical functions. It can be regarded as a way to prolong driving, or as a process leading to the cessation of driving. Previous studies have striven to explore and understand how older drivers self-regulate their driving. This paper aims to provide an overview of the relevant theories, to explicate the factors that contribute to the adoption of self-regulated driving and the scales used to measure self-regulatory behaviors. This paper also reports on the development and psychometric testing of a Self-Regulatory Driving Practices (SRDP) scale in the Malaysian context. Based on the reviewed theories, adoption of self-regulatory driving practices is a process and involves cognitive thinking that reflects a set of actions. Existing instruments to measure self-regulatory driving practices have been developed and used to identify the behavioral components of self-regulation. Based on literature reviews and a thematic analysis from focus group discussions, a SRDP scale was developed, accommodating the Malaysian context. There were 498 surveys completed by older drivers for further psychometric testing purposes. Results revealed that the final 12-item SRDP scale (α=0.81) consists of four subscales that are planning, avoidance, reduction and alternatives. Suggestions for future research are also recommended.
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: stephy8085@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sok Foon
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rahimah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC), 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oxley
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tengku Aizan
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sharifah Norazizan Syed Abd
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rashid
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012449:Safety; D000068356:Self-Control / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Measure; Older drivers; Scale development; Self-regulatory driving; Theory