title: Influence of Long-Distance Bicycle Riding on Serum/Urinary Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer.
abstract: Herein, we present a study focused on the determination of the influence of long-distance (53 km) bicycle riding on levels of chosen biochemical urinary and serum prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and sarcosine. Fourteen healthy participants with no evidence of prostate diseases, in the age range from 49-57 years with a median of 52 years, underwent physical exercise (mean race time of 150 ± 20 min, elevation increase of 472 m) and pre- and post-ride blood/urine sampling. It was found that bicycle riding resulted in elevated serum uric acid (p = 0.001, median 271.76 vs. 308.44 µmol/L pre- and post-ride, respectively), lactate (p = 0.01, median 2.98 vs. 4.8 mmol/L) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.01, 0.0-0.01 mg/L). It is noteworthy that our work supports the studies demonstrating an increased PSA after mechanical manipulation of the prostate. The subjects exhibited either significantly higher post-ride tPSA (p = 0.002, median 0.69 vs. 1.1 ng/mL pre- and post-ride, respectively) and fPSA (p = 0.028, median 0.25 vs. 0.35 ng/mL). Contrary to that, sarcosine levels were not significantly affected by physical exercise (p = 0.20, median 1.64 vs. 1.92 µmol/mL for serum sarcosine, and p = 0.15, median 0.02 µmol/mmol of creatinine vs. 0.01 µmol/mmol of creatinine for urinary sarcosine). Taken together, our pilot study provides the first evidence that the potential biomarker of PCa-sarcosine does not have a drawback by means of a bicycle riding-induced false positivity, as was shown in the case of PSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. heger@mendelu.cz.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic. heger@mendelu.cz.
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Heger
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. j.gumulec@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gumulec
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Studies, University Sports Centre, Masaryk University, Komenskeho namesti 2, CZ-662 43 Brno, Czech Republic. ondrak@fsps.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ondrak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Studies, University Sports Centre, Masaryk University, Komenskeho namesti 2, CZ-662 43 Brno, Czech Republic. skoda@fsps.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skoda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Studies, University Sports Centre, Masaryk University, Komenskeho namesti 2, CZ-662 43 Brno, Czech Republic. zitka@fsps.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zitka
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. cernei.natalia3@gmail.com.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic. cernei.natalia3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cernei
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic. masarik@med.muni.cz.|Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. masarik@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masarik
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. zitkao@seznam.cz.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic. zitkao@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zitka
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. vojtech.adam@mendelu.cz.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic. vojtech.adam@mendelu.cz.
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012521:Sarcosine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014527:Uric Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D012521:Sarcosine
keywords: lactate; metabolism; physical exercise; prostate-specific antigen; sarcosine