title: Using mitochondrial sirtuins as drug targets: disease implications and available compounds.
abstract: Sirtuins are an evolutionary conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent protein lysine deacylases. Mammals have seven Sirtuin isoforms, Sirt1-7. They contribute to regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and aging processes, and are considered therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases. While initial studies were focused on Sirt1 and 2, recent progress on the mitochondrial Sirtuins Sirt3, 4, and 5 has stimulated research and drug development for these isoforms. Here we review the roles of Sirtuins in regulating mitochondrial functions, with a focus on the mitochondrially located isoforms, and on their contributions to disease pathologies. We further summarize the compounds available for modulating the activity of these Sirtuins, again with a focus on mitochondrial isoforms, and we describe recent results important for the further improvement of compounds. This overview illustrates the potential of mitochondrial Sirtuins as drug targets and summarizes the status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds modulating their activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.|Bayer Pharma AG, Apratherweg 18a, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gertz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany. Clemens.Steegborn@uni-bayreuth.de.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steegborn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D037761:Sirtuins
keywords: Activator; Deacylase; Drug development; Inhibitor; Metabolic regulation; Sirt3; Sirt4; Sirt5