title: Periimplant Bone Response in Human-Retrieved, Clinically Stable, Successful, and Functioning Dental Implants After a Long-Term Loading Period: A Report of 17 Cases From 4 to 20 Years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at a histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the periimplant tissues and bone-titanium interface reactions in successfully osseointegrated, clinically stable, and immobile human titanium dental implants retrieved after a long loading period.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the last 30 months (2013-2015), 21 implants, retrieved from individuals for different causes after a loading period ranging from 4 to 20 years, were sent to the Implant Retrieval Center, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy. In 4 cases, almost all the bone had been lost during the retrieval, whereas in the remaining 17 cases, mineralized bone was still present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Around the majority of the implants, mature compact bone with few marrow spaces was found. The trabecular bone, constituted by a few thin bone trabeculae, was in a periimplant location around only a few implants. A high percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC) (comprised between 32 ± 4.1% and 83 ± 2.9%) was present. In almost all implants, the space within the threads was almost completely filled by compact lamellar bone or by a thin layer of bone. Close and tight contact between bone and implant surface was observed in all specimens with no gaps or connective tissue at the interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All implants appeared to be well integrated in the surrounding mineralized bone, and all of them showed adequate bone-to-implant contact percentages.
authors.affiliation: *Researcher, Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. †Full Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ‡Private Practice, Gravedona (COMO), Italy, Visiting Professor, Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. §Private Practice, Bologna, Italy. ¶Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, School of Dentistry, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Institute, University of Milan, Milano, Italy. ‖Private Practice, Lecce, Italy. #Private Practice, Florence, Italy. **Private Practice, Sassari, Italy. ††Private Practice, Lecco, Italy. ‡‡Private Practice, Chieri (Torino), Italy. §§Professor, Department of Special Care in Dentistry, Pharmacological Research in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Granada, Spain. ¶¶Private Practice, Pescara, Italy. ‖‖Research Fellow, Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degidi
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Testori
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vantaggiato
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fiera
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frosecchi
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Floris
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perroni
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.forename: Gerardo Gómez
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Martinis
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
mesh_terms: D000071556:Cancellous Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants