title: Preconceptional, prenatal and postnatal exposure to outdoor and indoor environmental factors on allergic diseases/symptoms in preschool children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Environmental factors have been found to be associated with allergic diseases, but it is unclear which environmental factor during which exposure window causes what kind of allergic diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated association between exposure to some predominant outdoor and indoor environmental factors during preconceptional, prenatal, and postnatal periods and allergic diseases/symptoms in 2598 children in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's lifetime incidence of allergic diseases and current prevalence of allergic symptoms and exposure to indoor new furniture/redecoration and mold/dampness was surveyed by a questionnaire. Exposure to outdoor air pollutants was estimated by the concentrations measured at air quality monitoring stations. Multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between outdoor air pollutants and indoor environmental factors and allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema) and symptoms (wheezing, night cough, and rhinitis-like).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that preconceptional, prenatal, and postnatal exposure to outdoor industrial and traffic air pollutants were significantly associated with increase in the risk of childhood asthma, and also positively associated with allergic rhinitis and eczema. However, we cannot distinguish the effect of outdoor air pollutants and exposure windows because of their high correlations. New furniture was associated with eczema and allergic rhinitis during postnatal exposure, but redecoration associated with asthma and eczema during prenatal exposure. Indoor visible mold/damp stains was significant for eczema during prenatal exposure and asthma during postnatal exposure respectively, but window condensation was significant for all childhood allergic diseases during both prenatal and postnatal exposures. Allergic symptoms in children were found to be associated with exposure to indoor factors only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations between outdoor air pollutants and indoor environmental factors and childhood allergic diseases/symptoms were divergent and related to the timing of exposure.
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address: qhdeng@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Cuiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Lv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004485:Eczema / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Asthma; Eczema; Indoor mold and dampness; Indoor renovation; Outdoor air pollution