title: Evaluation of the durability of pain relief throughout a 12 hour dosing interval of a novel, extended-release, abuse-deterrent formulation of oxycodone.
abstract: Abuse deterrent formulations (ADF) are designed to prevent the misuse of opioids by tampering (e.g. physical and chemical manipulation) in order to ingest the opioid in a manner other than intended. Extended-release (ER) formulations are formulated with a larger drug load than immediate-release (IR) formulations, which makes ER opioids more desirable to drug abusers than I.R. formulations. ADFs, therefore, are particularly useful with ER opioid agents, which are designed to produce consistent analgesia over prolonged dosing intervals. However, the drug release properties of these formulations vary and sometimes may not provide adequate pain relief throughout the intended dosing interval, requiring patients to take additional medication for pain relief. Oxycodone DETERx* (Xtampza ER * ) is a novel, microsphere-in-capsule opioid formulation, which allows for twice daily dosing (i.e. every 12 hours) and mitigates the ability to tamper with the formulation.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the durability of pain relief of a novel formulation of oxycodone throughout the 12 hour dosing interval.
  
  
  
  This study is a post-hoc analysis of 193 subjects in a Phase 3 randomized withdrawal, double-blind, placebo-controlled, enriched-enrollment, parallel-group, multicenter, 12-week clinical study.
  
  
  
  The analysis evaluated the frequency and distribution of use of oxycodone ER and rescue medication during the Double-blind Maintenance Phase of the study.
  
  
  
  Usage patterns captured by an electronic diary indicated limited overall and limited per-day use of rescue medication with no increase in rescue medication consumption 8 to 12 hours post-dose, suggesting that subjects did not experience end-of-dose failure during this time period.
  
  
  
  This study is limited in that it is a post-hoc analysis based on data gathered electronically from a large, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 clinical study.
  
  
  
  The evaluation of dosing patterns indicates that this ER oxycodone capsule formulation has durability of effect over the entire 12-hour dosing interval. These data support the use of abuse-deterrent oxycodone ER as a 12-hour dosing formulation.
authors.affiliation: a International Clinical Research Institute , Overland Park , KS , USA ;
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nalamachu
authors.affiliation: b Collegium Pharmaceutical Inc. , Canton , MA , USA ;
authors.forename: Ernest A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kopecky
authors.affiliation: c Nema Research Inc. , Bonita Springs , FL , USA ;
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: d Rho , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.affiliation: b Collegium Pharmaceutical Inc. , Canton , MA , USA ;
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010098:Oxycodone
keywords: Abuse-deterrent; Extended-release; Opioid; Oxycodone; Post-hoc