title: Changes in Physiological and Agronomical Parameters of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Exposed to Cerium and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.
abstract: The aims of our experiment were to evaluate the uptake and translocation of cerium and titanium oxide nanoparticles and to verify their effects on the growth cycle of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley plants were grown to physiological maturity in soil enriched with either 0, 500 or 1000 mg · kg(-1) cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO₂) or titanium oxide nanoparticles (nTiO₂) and their combination. The growth cycle of nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ treated plants was about 10 days longer than the controls. In nCeO₂ treated plants the number of tillers, leaf area and the number of spikes per plant were reduced respectively by 35.5%, 28.3% and 30% (p ≤ 0.05). nTiO₂ stimulated plant growth and compensated for the adverse effects of nCeO₂. Concentrations of Ce and Ti in aboveground plant fractions were minute. The fate of nanomaterials within the plant tissues was different. Crystalline nTiO₂ aggregates were detected within the leaf tissues of barley, whereas nCeO₂ was not present in the form of nanoclusters.
authors.affiliation: DI4A-Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences-University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. marchiol@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchiol
authors.affiliation: DI4A-Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences-University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. alessandro.mattiello@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattiello
authors.affiliation: DI4A-Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences-University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. filip.poscic@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pošćić
authors.affiliation: DI4A-Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences-University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. guido.fellet@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fellet
authors.affiliation: DI4A-Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences-University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. czavalloni@csustan.edu.|Agriculture Studies Department, California State University Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, CA 95382, USA. czavalloni@csustan.edu.
authors.forename: Costanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zavalloni
authors.affiliation: IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park Basovizza, Bld MM, SS 14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy. carlino@iom.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Elvio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carlino
authors.affiliation: DI4A-Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences-University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. rita.musetti@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musetti
mesh_terms: D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000254:growth & development; D001467:Hordeum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002563:Cerium; D014025:Titanium
keywords: barley; cerium oxide nanoparticles; food chain; plant growth; titanium oxide nanoparticles