title: Prognostic factors in neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and pathologic factors associated with survival in patients with neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (NECC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 61 patients with NECC diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 at Seoul National University Hospital and the National Cancer Center were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods were used for analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 61 patients, 67.2% were diagnosed at early stage (I to IIA) with a median age of 49 years. Of those, 78% underwent surgery and 75.6% received postoperative adjuvant treatment. For patients diagnosed at advanced stage, 60.0% received chemotherapy only and 25.0% received concurrent chemoradiation therapy. In the univariate analysis, advanced stage (77 vs. 40 months, P=0.013), tumor size ≥2 cm (133 vs. 47 months, P=0.002) and mixed tumor (101 vs. 34 months, P=0.004) were shown to be poor prognostic factors. In the multivariate analysis, tumor stage, tumor size and tumor homology were shown to be independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Of the total, 39.3% of the patients experienced recurrence, and 54.1% of the patients had metastasis. Of the patients diagnosed at early stage, 51.2% experienced recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor stage, tumor size and tumor homology were found to be independent prognostic factors in patients with NECC. Even in patients diagnosed at early stage, recurrence and distant metastasis were frequently observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Da Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8017-3176
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Weon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Noh Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Cervical carcinoma; Neoplasm recurrence; Neuroendocrine carcinoma; Retrospective studies; Small cell carcinoma