title: ADVANCES IN THE USE OF STEM CELLS IN ORTHOPEDICS.
abstract: Primordial cells or stem cells are multipotent undifferentiated cells with the capacity to originate any type of cell in the organism. They may have their origins in the blastocyst and thus are classified as embryonic, or tissues developed in fetuses, newborns or adults and thus are known as somatic stem cells. Bone marrow is one of the main locations for isolating primordial cells, and there are two lineages: hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenitor cells. There are several uses for these undifferentiated cells in orthopedics, going from cartilaginous lesions in osteoarthrosis, osteochondritis dissecans and patellar chondromalacia, to bone lesions like in pseudarthrosis or bone losses, or nerve lesions like in spinal cord trauma. Studying stem cells is probably the most promising field of study of all within medicine, and this is shortly going to revolutionize all medical specialties (both clinical and surgical) and thus provide solutions for diseases that today are difficult to deal with.
authors.affiliation: Attending Physicians in the Spine Group, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Fogaça
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cristante
authors.affiliation: Attending Physicians in the Spine Group, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas Kenji
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Narazaki
keywords: Cartilage; Orthopedics/trends; Pseudarthrosis; Stem Cells