title: Evaluation of Eu(II) -based positive contrast enhancement after intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections.
abstract: Eu(II) -based contrast agents offer physiologically relevant, metal-based redox sensing that is unachievable with Gd(III) -based contrast agents. To evaluate the in vivo contrast enhancement of Eu(II) as a function of injection type, we performed intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections in mice. Our data reveal a correlation between reported oxygen content and expected rates of diffusion with the persistence of Eu(II) -based contrast enhancement. Biodistribution studies revealed europium clearance through the liver and kidneys for intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, but no contrast enhancement was observed in organs associated with clearance. These data represent a step toward understanding the behavior of Eu(II) -based complexes in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Levi A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ekanger
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 4820, USA.|Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Polin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.|Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201.
authors.forename: E Mark
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Haacke
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.|Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005063:Europium / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051379:Mice; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005063:Europium
keywords: MRI; contrast agents; europium; intraperitoneal; intravenous; subcutaneous