title: The impact of obesity towards prostate diseases.
abstract: Evidence has supported obesity as a risk factor for both benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Obesity causes several mechanisms including increased intra-abdominal pressure, altered endocrine status, increased sympathetic nervous activity, increased inflammation process, and oxidative stress, all of which are favorable in the development of BPH. In PCa, there are several different mechanisms, such as decreased serum testosterone, peripheral aromatization of androgens, insulin resistance, and altered adipokine secretion caused by inflammation, which may precipitate the development of and even cause high-grade PCa. The role of obesity in prostatitis still remains unclear. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of prostate disease and adiposity could allow the development of new therapeutic markers, prognostic indicators, and drug targets. This review was made to help better understanding of the association between central obesity and prostate diseases, such as prostatitis, BPH, and PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dyandra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parikesit
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Chaidir Arief
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mochtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rainy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Umbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hamid
keywords: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia; Obesity; Prostate Cancer; Prostatitis