title: Sex-specific neural activity when resolving cognitive interference in individuals with or without prior internalizing disorders.
abstract: The processing of cognitive interference is a self-regulatory capacity that is impaired in persons with internalizing disorders. This investigation was to assess sex differences in the neural correlates of cognitive interference in individuals with and without an illness history of an internalizing disorder. We compared functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygenation-level-dependent responses in both males (n=63) and females (n=80) with and without this illness history during performance of the Simon task. Females deactivated superior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, and posterior cingulate cortex to a greater extent than males. Females with a prior history of internalizing disorder also deactivated these regions more compared to males with that history, and they additionally demonstrated greater activation of right inferior frontal gyrus. These group differences were represented in a significant sex-by-illness interaction in these regions. These deactivated regions compose a task-negative or default mode network, whereas the inferior frontal gyrus usually activates when performing an attention-demanding task and is a key component of a task-positive network. Our findings suggest that a prior history of internalizing disorders disproportionately influences functioning of the default mode network and is associated with an accompanying activation of the task-positive network in females during the resolution of cognitive interference.
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Neuroimaging in the Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute and the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: wangz@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Zhishun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Juvenile Research, 1747W, Roosevelt Road M/C 747, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. Electronic address: rjacobs@psych.uic.edu.
authors.forename: Rachel H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute and The College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 74, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: marshr@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Neuroimaging in the Department of Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute and the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: horgag@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horga
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology in the Department of Psychiatry, the New York State Psychiatric Institute and the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 24, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: qiaojianpingdsp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China. Electronic address: warnerv@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.affiliation: College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China. Electronic address: weissman@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Myrna M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS#135, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. Electronic address: bpeterson@chla.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anti-correlated networks; Cognitive interference; Default-mode networks; Internalizing disorders; Sex differences; fMRI