title: Abundance and Frequency of the Asiatic Oak Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Defoliation on American, Chinese, and Hybrid Chestnut (Castanea).
abstract: The Asiatic oak weevil, Cyrtepistomus castaneus Roelofs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a nonnative defoliator of trees in the Fagaceae family in the United States but has not been studied on Castanea species in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Planted trees of Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (Fagales: Fagaceae), Castanea mollissima Blume (Fagales: Fagaceae), and four hybrid breeding generations were evaluated in 2012 for insect defoliation and C. castaneus abundance and frequency. Defoliation was visually assessed throughout the growing season at two sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains (western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee). C. castaneus abundance and frequency were monitored on trees using beat sheets and emergence was recorded from ground traps. Asiatic oak weevils were more abundant and more frequently collected on American chestnut (Ca. dentata) and its most closely related BC3F3 hybrid generation than on the Asian species Ca. mollissima. In most months, C. castaneus colonization of hybrid generations was not significantly different than colonization of parental species. Frequency data for C. castaneus suggested that adults were distributed relatively evenly throughout the study sites rather than in dense clusters. Emergence of C. castaneus was significantly higher under a canopy dominated by Quercus species than under non-Quercus species or open sky. C. castaneus emergence began in May and peaked in late June and early July. These results may be useful for resource managers trying to restore blight-resistant chestnut to the Southern Appalachians while minimizing herbivory by insect pests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, 274 Ellington Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (aca se8@utk.edu; tenntip@utk.edu).
authors.forename: Ashley E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Case
authors.affiliation: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 200W.T. Weaver Blvd. Asheville, NC 28804 (amayfield02@fs.fed.us) amayfield02@fs.fed.us.
authors.forename: Albert E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.affiliation: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 274 Ellington Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (stacyclark@fs.fed.us).
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, 274 Ellington Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 (aca se8@utk.edu; tenntip@utk.edu).
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schlarbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Studies, The University of North Carolina at Asheville, 155 Rhoades-Robinson Hall Asheville, NC 28804 (kreynold@unca.edu).
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001061:Appalachian Region; D029962:Fagaceae / Q000469:parasitology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000469:parasitology; D011156:Population Density; D014197:Trees / Q000502:physiology; D048889:Weevils / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Castanea dentata; Castanea mollissima; Cyrtepistomus castaneus; defoliation; hybrid chestnut