title: Safety Culture and Senior Leadership Behavior: Using Negative Safety Ratings to Align Clinical Staff and Senior Leadership.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes how staff-designed behavior changes among senior leaders can have a positive impact on clinical nursing staff and enhance the culture of safety in a community hospital.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A positive culture of safety in a hospital improves outcomes for patients and staff. Senior leaders are accountable for developing an environment that supports a culture of safety. At 1 community hospital, surveys demonstrated that staff members did not view senior leaders as supportive of or competent in creating a culture of safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval from the hospital's institutional review board was obtained, clinical nurses generated and selected ideas for senior leader behavior change. The new behaviors were assessed by a convenience sample survey of clinical nurses. In addition, culture of safety survey results were compared. Risk reports and harm events were also measured before and after behavior changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volume of risk and near-miss reports increased, showing that clinical staff were more inclined to report events after senior leader communication, access, and visibility increased. Harm events went down. The culture of safety survey demonstrated an improvement in the senior leadership domain in 4 of 6 units. The anonymous convenience survey demonstrated that staff members recognized changes that senior leaders had made and felt that these changes positively impacted the culture of safety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By developing skills in communication, advocacy, visibility, and access, senior leaders can enhance a hospital's culture of safety and create stronger ties with clinical staff.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Former Chief Nursing Officer (Dr O'Connor), Adventist Hinsdale Hospital, Hinsdale; Professor and Chairperson (Dr Carlson), Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing, Rush University, College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D009718:Nurse Administrators; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D015279:Organizational Culture; D061214:Patient Safety; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration*