title: 7-hydroxycalamenene Effects on Secreted Aspartic Proteases Activity and Biofilm Formation of Candida spp.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 7-hydroxycalamenenene-rich essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of Croton cajucara (red morphotype) have been described as active against bacteria, protozoa, and fungi species. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 7-hydroxycalamenenene against Candida albicans and nonalbicans species.
  
  
  METHODS
  C. cajucara EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and its major compound, 7-hydroxycalamenene, was purified using preparative column chromatography. The anti-candidal activity was investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and secreted aspartic proteases (SAP) and biofilm inhibition assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  7-hydroxycalamenene (98% purity) displayed anti-candidal activity against all Candida species tested. Higher activity was observed against Candida dubliniensis, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans, showing MIC values ranging from 39.06 μg/ml to 78.12 μg/ml. The purified 7-hydroxycalamenene was able to inhibit 58% of C. albicans ATCC 36801 SAP activity at MIC concentration (pH 7.0). However, 7-hydroxycalamenene demonstrated poor inhibitory activity on C. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm formation even at the highest concentration tested (2500 μg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bioactive potential of 7-hydroxycalamenene against planktonic Candida spp. further supports its use for the development of antimicrobials with anti-candidal activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Croton cajucara Benth. essential oil provides high amounts of 7-hydroxycalamenene7-Hydroxycalameneneisolated from C. cajucarais active against Candida spp7-Hydroxycalameneneinhibits C. albicans aspartic protease activity7-Hydroxycalamenene was not active against C. albicans biofilm formation. Figure.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Fundão Island, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Fundão Island, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Catia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA Western Amazon, Rodovia AM 10, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco C M
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products and Food, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Fundão Island, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Igor A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA Food Technology, Avenue of Americas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Humberto R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Fundão Island, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celuta S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Alviano
authors.affiliation: Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Fundão Island, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alviano
keywords: 7-hydroxycalamenene; Croton cajucara; anti-candidal activity; essential oil; secreted aspartic proteases