title: Effects of the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole on the nutritional physiology and enzyme activities of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae).
abstract: Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) is the major pest that damages Chinese chive production. As a volatile compound derived from microbial secondary metabolites, benzothiazole has been determined to possess fumigant activity against B. odoriphaga. However, the mechanism of action of benzothiazole is not well understood. In the present study, fourth-instar larvae of B. odoriphaga were exposed to LC10 and LC30 of benzothiazole. Sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30) of benzothiazole significantly reduced the food consumption of the larvae on the second day after treatment (2 DAT). However, there were no significant changes in pupal weight among the different treatments. We also measured the protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and trehalose contents and the digestive enzyme activities of the larvae, and the results suggest that benzothiazole reduced the nutrient accumulation and decreased the digestive enzyme activities of B. odoriphaga. In addition, the activity of glutathione S-transferase was significantly decreased at 6h after treatment with benzothiazole, whereas general esterase activities were significantly increased at 6 and 24h after treatment. The results of this study indicate that benzothiazole interferes in the normal food consumption and digestion process by decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes. These results provide valuable information for understanding the toxicity of benzothiazole and for exploring volatile compound for the control of this pest.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiuhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuangyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhengqun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China. Electronic address: muwei@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D004175:Diptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; C005465:benzothiazole
keywords: Benzothiazole; Bradysia odoriphaga; Detoxification; Enzymes; Nutritional indices; Volatile organic compounds