title: The impact of different left ventricular geometric patterns on right ventricular deformation and function in hypertensive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and RV systolic dysfunction are predictors of poor outcome. No study has investigated RV deformation and function in hypertensive patients with different left ventricular (LV) geometry patterns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate RV deformation and function in hypertensive patients with different LV geometric patterns, by using two-dimensional (2D) strain analysis and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 184 hypertensive subjects, all of whom underwent complete 2D and 3D examinations. The participants were separated into two groups (with and without LV hypertrophy [LVH]), and were then divided into four further groups according to different LV geometry patterns: normal LV geometry, concentric remodelling, eccentric LVH and concentric LVH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with LVH had significantly higher RV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes and stroke volumes than those without LVH. Conversely, 3D RV ejection fraction was lower among subjects with LVH. 3D RV volume indexes gradually increased from subjects with normal LV geometry to those with concentric LVH, whereas 3D RV ejection fraction progressively decreased in the same direction. Global RV longitudinal strain was significantly lower in LVH subjects than in patients without LVH. 2D RV mechanics progressively deteriorated from patients with normal LV geometry to those with concentric LVH. Eccentric and concentric LVH were associated with reduced longitudinal lateral wall RV strain and early diastolic strain rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2D RV myocardial deformation and 3D RV function are affected significantly by LV geometry in hypertensive patients. Concentric and eccentric LVH patterns have the greatest unfavourable effect on RV deformation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Centre "Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, Doktora Subotica 6, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: marijana_tadic@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.affiliation: University of Milan-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Clinical Research Unit, Meda, Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuspidi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Centre "Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vukomanovic
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Centre "Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kocijancic
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital Centre "Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, Doktora Subotica 6, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Celic
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Géométrie ventriculaire gauche; Hypertension; Hypertension artérielle; Imagerie de déformation (Speckle); Left ventricular geometry; Right ventricle; Three-dimensional echocardiography; Two-dimensional speckle tracking; Ventricule droit; Échographie tridimensionnelle