title: Identification, Quantification, and Toxicity of PCDDs and PCDFs in Soils from Industrial Areas in the Central and Eastern Regions of Saudi Arabia.
abstract: This study was conducted to identify and quantify polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in soil samples collected from selected industrial areas in the central and eastern regions of Saudi Arabia. All the investigated compounds of PCDDs/PCDFs were identified in the studied locations. The average concentrations of PCDDs (sum of seven congeners measured) ranged from 11.5 to 59.6 pg g(-1), with a maximum concentration of 125.7 pg g(-1) at an oil refinery station followed by 100.9 pg g(-1) at a cement factory. The average concentrations of PCDFs (sum of 10 congeners measured) accounted for 11.68-19.35 pg g(-1), with a maximum concentration of 38.67 pg g(-1) at the cement factory. It was generally observed that the soil samples collected from industrial areas have substantially high toxicity equivalence (TEQ) values of PCDDs/PCDFs compared to soils of remote areas. Principal component analysis revealed that the cement factories and oil refineries were the primary sources of PCDDs and PCDFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. malwabel@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mohammad I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Al-Wabel
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: El-Saeid
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
authors.forename: Adel R A
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Turki
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mahtab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassanin
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shobra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khaled K H
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Alenazi
mesh_terms: D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007221:Industry; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Dioxins; Environmental assessment; GCMS-TOF; POPs; Toxicity equivalent