title: Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, Reverses Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice and Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase in Vitro.
abstract: Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid abundant in edible brown seaweeds, has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we report for the first time that fucoxanthin effectively protects against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice. In addition, fucoxanthin significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and decreased both choline acetyltransferase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Using an in vitro AChE activity assay, we discovered that fucoxanthin directly inhibits AChE with an IC50 value of 81.2 μM. Molecular docking analysis suggests that fucoxanthin likely interacts with the peripheral anionic site within AChE, which is in accordance with enzymatic activity results showing that fucoxanthin inhibits AChE in a non-competitive manner. Based on our current findings, we anticipate that fucoxanthin might exhibit great therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by acting on multiple targets, including inhibiting AChE and increasing BDNF expression.
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. linjiajiamed@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. nbhl1226@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. xiao.tai.yang_jie@163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. xiangsi.ying@163.com.
authors.forename: Siying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. wjl58452@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jialing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. zhangjinrong@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. Yanxiaojun@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. cuiwei@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. heshan@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. wangqinwen@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qinwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation / Q000379:methods; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000378:metabolism; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D024341:Xanthophylls; C025164:fucoxanthin; D002338:Carotenoids; D012601:Scopolamine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; acetylcholinesterase; cognitive impairments; fucoxanthin; scopolamine