title: Validation of the sex estimation method elaborated by Schutkowski in the Granada Osteological Collection of identified infant and young children: Analysis of the controversy between the different ways of analyzing and interpreting the results.
abstract: Sex estimation of juveniles in the Physical and Forensic Anthropology context is currently a task with serious difficulties because the discriminatory bone characteristics are minimal until puberty. Also, the small number of osteological collections of children available for research has made it difficult to develop effective methodologies in this regard. This study tested the characteristics of the ilium and jaw proposed by Schutkowski in 1993 for estimation of sex in subadults. The study sample consisted of 109 boys and 76 girls, ranging in age from 5 months of gestation to 6 years, from the identified osteological collection of Granada (Spain). For the analysis and interpretation of the results, we have proposed changes from previous studies because we believe they raised methodological errors relating to the calculation of probabilities of success and sex distribution in the sample. The results showed correct assignment probabilities much lower than those obtained by Schutkowski as well as by other authors. The best results were obtained with the angle and depth of the sciatic notch, with 0.73 and 0.80 probability of correct assignment respectively if the male trait was observed. The results obtained with the other criteria were too small to be valid in the context of Physical or Forensic Anthropology. From our results, we concluded that Schutkowski method should not be used in forensic context, and that the sciatic notch is the most dimorphic trait in subadults and, therefore, the most appropriate to develop more effective methods for estimating sex.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede en Esmeraldas (PUCESE), Esmeraldas, Ecuador. javier.irurita@pucese.edu.ec.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irurita Olivares
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Granada, 18012, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alemán Aguilera
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D054881:Sex Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Forensic anthropology; Ilium; Infant; Jaw; Sex estimation