title: Mycobacterium bovis BCG Interferes with miR-3619-5p Control of Cathepsin S in the Process of Autophagy.
abstract: Main survival mechanism of pathogenic mycobacteria is to escape inimical phagolysosomal environment inside the macrophages. Many efforts have been made to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind this process. However, little is known about the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of phagolysosomal biosynthesis and maturation. Based on a bottom up approach, we searched for miRNAs that were involved in phagolysosomal processing events in the course of mycobacterial infection of macrophages. After infecting THP-1 derived macrophages with viable and heat killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG), early time points were identified after co-localization studies of the phagosomal marker protein LAMP1 and BCG. Differences in LAMP1 localization on the phagosomes of both groups were observed at 30 min and 4 h. After in silico based pre-selection of miRNAs, expression analysis at the identified time points revealed down-regulation of three miRNAs: miR-3619-5p, miR-637, and miR-324-3p. Consequently, most likely targets were predicted that were supposed to be mutually regulated by these three studied miRNAs. The lysosomal cysteine protease Cathepsin S (CTSS) and Rab11 family-interacting protein 4 (RAB11FIP4) were up-regulated and were considered to be connected to lysosomal trafficking and autophagy. Interaction studies verified the regulation of CTSS by miR-3619-5p. Down-regulation of CTSS by ectopic miR-3619-5p as well as its specific knockdown by siRNA affected the process of autophagy in THP-1 derived macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kamlesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharbati
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Einspanier
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Soroush
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharbati
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; C470424:RAB11FIP4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S
keywords: Cathepsin S; Mycobacterium bovis BCG; autophagy; miR-3619-5p; microRNA; phagocytosis