title: Etomidate plus propofol versus propofol alone for sedation during gastroscopy: a randomized prospective clinical trial.
abstract: Sedation with propofol alone during gastroscopy has many side effects. Etomidate has advantages in terms of circulation and respiration compared to propofol. We hypothesized that etomidate plus propofol during gastroscopy would be more safe and effective than propofol alone.
  
  
  
  Four hundred (n = 400) patients were randomly divided into a propofol group (P group) and a etomidate plus propofol group (EP group). The P group was given the first dose of 1 % propofol 1 mg/kg before gastroscopy, and the EP group was given 1 % propofol 0.5 mg/kg plus etomidate 0.1 mg/kg. Repeated doses of 10-20 mg propofol or 5-10 mg propofol plus 1-2 mg etomidate were administered to maintain an adequate level of sedation. The sedation depth was maintained by bispectral index value of 40-60.
  
  
  
  The EP group had a lower incidence of systolic hypotension (13.0 vs. 32.5 %; P < 0.0001), bradycardia (8.5 vs. 16.5 %; P = 0.0226), mild hypoxemia (6.5 vs. 18.0 %; P = 0.0007), and severe hypoxemia (2.5 vs. 10.0 %; P = 0.0031) compared to the P group. Also, the satisfaction of anesthetist and gastroscopist with EP was higher than that of P group (P < 0.0001; P = 0.018, respectively).
  
  
  
  Etomidate plus propofol had few effects on respiration and circulation in patients undergoing gastroscopy and was more safe and effective than propofol alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. whzyylbx@126.com.
authors.forename: Bi-Xi
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-Chun
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-Shen
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. whzyysxy@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005045:Etomidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol; D005045:Etomidate
keywords: Etomidate; Gastroscopy; Propofol; Sedation; Side effects