title: A systematic review of risk factors associated with muscular dystrophies.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to systematically review, assess, and prioritize factors (including biological, socioeconomic, environmental, psychosocial, comorbid, and genetic) for the onset and natural progression of Muscular Dystrophy. Comprehensive review of current literature of these factors was carried out in order to provide a basis for policy makers to identify appropriate measures to mitigate the burden of disease in Canada. A three-stage approach to searching for relevant studies was conducted in multiple databases. Using variations of MeSH terms and keywords, Systematic reviews or meta-analyses published in English or French that meet the inclusion criteria were first identified, then searched for relevant observational studies. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts, then qualifying articles, conducted quality assessment, and finally extracted relevant data using the application, DistillerSR. No existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or non-genetic observational studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. A number of existing systematic reviews and observational studies focused on pharmacological or therapeutic interventions, which was beyond the scope of this study. Four genetic observational studies were identified that focused on aspects of disease progression of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy. While this systematic review found that certain genetic polymorphisms and mutations may be a factor for Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy disease progression, further investigation into other genetic factors and environmental factors is still warranted. Much of the current literature focuses on these Muscular Dystrophies, however, other types of Muscular Dystrophy and their associated risk factors have yet to be extensively studied.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada. Electronic address: Caroline.Barakat-Haddad@uoit.ca.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barakat-Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Canada.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada.
authors.forename: Hamilton
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Candundo
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada; Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Canada.
authors.forename: Pascal Van
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lieshout
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada; Health Care and Outcomes Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martino
mesh_terms: D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Genetic mutation; Muscular dystrophy; Onset; Polymorphism; Progression; Risk factors