title: Neural regeneration dynamics of Xenopus laevis olfactory epithelium after zinc sulfate-induced damage.
abstract: Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the olfactory epithelium (OE) are responsible for tissue maintenance and the neural regeneration after severe damage of the tissue. In the normal OE, NSCs are located in the basal layer, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) mainly in the middle layer, and sustentacular (SUS) cells in the most apical olfactory layer. In this work, we induced severe damage of the OE through treatment with a zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) solution directly in the medium, which resulted in the loss of ORNs and SUS cells, but retention of the basal layer. During recovery following injury, the OE exhibited increased proliferation of NSCs and rapid neural regeneration. After 24h of recovery, new ORNs and SUS cells were observed. Normal morphology and olfactory function were reached after 168h (7 days) of recovery after ZnSO4treatment. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that NSCs in the basal layer activate after OE injury and that these are sufficient for complete neural regeneration and olfactory function restoration. Our analysis provides histological and functional insights into the dynamics between olfactory neurogenesis and the neuronal integration into the neuronal circuitry of the olfactory bulb that restores the function of the olfactory system.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Frontera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raices
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cervino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: dante@bg.fcen.uba.ar.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Paz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002610:Cheek / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009830:Olfactory Bulb; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019287:Zinc Sulfate
keywords: Neural stem cells; Neurogenesis; Olfaction; Olfactory injury; Olfactory receptor neurons