title: Traffic-related heavy metals uptake by wild plants grow along two main highways in Hunan Province, China: effects of soil factors, accumulation ability, and biological indication potential.
abstract: This study was performed to investigate pollution of traffic-related heavy metals (HMs-Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) in roadside soils and their uptake by wild plants growing along highways in Hunan Province, China. For this, we analyzed the concentration and chemical fractionation of HMs in soils and plants. Soil samples were collected with different depths in the profile and different distances from highway edge. And leaves and barks of six high-frequency plants were collected. Results of the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) showed that the mobile fraction of these HMs was in the order of Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr. A high percentage of the mobile fraction indicates Cd, Pb, and Zn were labile and available for uptake by wild plants. The total concentration and values of risk assessment code (RAC) showed that Cd was the main risk factor, which were in the range high to very high risk. The accumulation ability of HMs in plants was evaluated by the biological accumulation factor (BAF) and the metal accumulation index (MAI), and the results showed that all those plant species have good phyto-extraction ability, while accumulation capacity for most HMs plants tissues was bark > leaf. The highest MAI value (5.99) in Cinnamomum camphora (L) Presl indicates the potential for bio-monitoring and a good choice for planting along highways where there is contamination with HMs.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China. ybzhai@hnu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China. ybzhai@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yunbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Hunan Communications Research Institute, Changsha, 410015, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Office of Scientific R& D, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China. zhuyun@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bibo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tengfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Accumulation ability; Bio-monitoring; Chemical fractions; Leaves and barks; Roadside soils; Traffic-related heavy metals; Wild plants