title: Calorimetric studies of the growth of anaerobic microbes.
abstract: This article aims to validate the use of calorimetry to measure the growth of anaerobic microbes. It has been difficult to monitor the growth of strict anaerobes while maintaining optimal growth conditions. Traditionally, optical density and ATP concentration are usually used as measures of the growth of anaerobic microbes. However, to take these measurements it is necessary to extract an aliquot of the culture, which can be difficult while maintaining anaerobic conditions. In this study, calorimetry was used to continuously and nondestructively measure the heat generated by the growth of anaerobic microbes as a function of time. Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, and Clostridium cellulovorans were used as representative anaerobic microbes. Using a multiplex isothermal calorimeter, we observed that peak time (tp) of C. acetobutylicum heat evolution increased as the inoculation rate decreased. This strong correlation between the inoculation rate and tp showed that it was possible to measure the growth rate of anaerobic microbes by calorimetry. Overall, our results showed that there is a very good correlation between heat evolution and optical density/ATP concentration, validating the use of the method.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. Electronic address: miyake@bio.mie-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002151:Calorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D046969:Clostridium acetobutylicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D046970:Clostridium beijerinckii / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D046974:Clostridium cellulovorans / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: Anaerobic microbes; Calorimetry; Clostridium acetobutylicum; Clostridium beijerinckii; Clostridium cellulovorans; Growth processes