title: Fat(al) attraction: Picornaviruses Usurp Lipid Transfer at Membrane Contact Sites to Create Replication Organelles.
abstract: All viruses that carry a positive-sense RNA genome (+RNA), such as picornaviruses, hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and SARS- and MERS-coronavirus, confiscate intracellular membranes of the host cell to generate new compartments (i.e., replication organelles) for amplification of their genome. Replication organelles (ROs) are membranous structures that not only harbor viral proteins but also contain a specific array of hijacked host factors that create a unique lipid microenvironment optimal for genome replication. While some lipids may be locally synthesized de novo, other lipids are shuttled towards ROs. In picornavirus-infected cells, lipids are exchanged at membrane contact sites between ROs and other organelles. In this paper, we review recent advances in our understanding of how picornaviruses exploit host membrane contact site machinery to generate ROs, a mechanism that is used by some other +RNA viruses as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hilde M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van der Schaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dorobantu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albulescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen R P M
authors.initials: JRPM
authors.lastname: Strating
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.j.m.vankuppeveld@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Frank J M
authors.initials: FJM
authors.lastname: van Kuppeveld
mesh_terms: D004770:Enterovirus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000821:virology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: cholesterol; lipid; membrane contact site; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate; picornavirus; replication organelle