title: Biaxial Dielectrophoresis Force Spectroscopy: A Stoichiometric Approach for Examining Intermolecular Weak Binding Interactions.
abstract: The direct quantification of weak intermolecular binding interactions is very important for many applications in biology and medicine. Techniques that can be used to investigate such interactions under a controlled environment, while varying different parameters such as loading rate, pulling direction, rupture event measurements, and the use of different functionalized probes, are still lacking. Herein, we demonstrate a biaxial dielectrophoresis force spectroscopy (BDFS) method that can be used to investigate weak unbinding events in a high-throughput manner under controlled environments and by varying the pulling direction (i.e., transverse and/or vertical axes) as well as the loading rate. With the BDFS system, we can quantitatively analyze binding interactions related to hydrogen bonding or ionic attractions between functionalized microbeads and a surface within a microfluidic device. Our BDFS system allowed for the characterization of the number of bonds involved in an interaction, bond affinity, kinetic rates, and energy barrier heights and widths from different regimes of the energy landscape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University , Wonju 220-710, Korea.
authors.forename: In Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States.
authors.forename: Tae Joon
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Gyudo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University , Wonju 220-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Myeonggu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University , Wonju 220-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University , Wonju 220-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungyeop
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Korea.
authors.forename: Kihwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University , Wonju 220-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Sei-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States.
authors.forename: Woo-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Kilho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-703, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
authors.forename: Sangyoup
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Rashid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University , Wonju 220-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: dielectrophoresis force spectroscopy; energy landscape; intermolecular weak binding interactions; microfluidic device; pulling direction