title: Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Leaf Color Regulation Mechanism in Chimera Hosta "Gold Standard" Leaves.
abstract: Leaf color change of variegated leaves from chimera species is regulated by fine-tuned molecular mechanisms. Hosta "Gold Standard" is a typical chimera Hosta species with golden-green variegated leaves, which is an ideal material to investigate the molecular mechanisms of leaf variegation. In this study, the margin and center regions of young and mature leaves from Hosta "Gold Standard", as well as the leaves from plants after excess nitrogen fertilization were studied using physiological and comparative proteomic approaches. We identified 31 differentially expressed proteins in various regions and development stages of variegated leaves. Some of them may be related to the leaf color regulation in Hosta "Gold Standard". For example, cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and chloroplastic elongation factor G (cpEF-G) were involved in pigment-related nitrogen synthesis as well as protein synthesis and processing. By integrating the proteomics data with physiological results, we revealed the metabolic patterns of nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, energy supply, as well as chloroplast protein synthesis, import and processing in various leaf regions at different development stages. Additionally, chloroplast-localized proteoforms involved in nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and protein processing implied that post-translational modifications were crucial for leaf color regulation. These results provide new clues toward understanding the mechanisms of leaf color regulation in variegated leaves.
authors.affiliation: Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China. yujuan8186@163.com.|Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China. yujuan8186@163.com.
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. caohua@ibcas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jinzheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China. zhaoqizq@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. liuyuelu09@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yuelu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. schen@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Sixue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Food Engineering College, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China. guohongliang97@126.com.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. shilei@ibcas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China. daishaojun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shaojun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D005308:Fertilizers; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D031422:Hosta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009584:Nitrogen; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D010940:Plant Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Hosta “Gold Standard”; excess nitrogen fertilization; leaf color; proteomics; variegated leaves