title: Atopic dermatitis: recent insight on pathogenesis and novel therapeutic target.
abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. It affects infancy, but it is also highly prevalent in adults and it is one of the disease burdens for the patients and their families. Nowadays, AD is recognized as a heterogenous disease with different subtypes with variable clinical manifestations which is affected by the impairments of the skin barrier. The severity of AD dictates the level of treatment. Current AD treatment focuses on restoration of the barrier function, mainly through the use of moisturizers and corticosteroids to control the inflammation, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and immunosuppresive drugs in the most severe cases. However, targeted disease-modifying therapies are under investigation. The most recent findings on the skin microbial dysbiosis is a promising future direction for the development of new treatments. We need to improve the understanding of the complex microbiome-host interactions, the role of autoimmunity, the comparative effectiveness of therapies and the ways to appropriately implement the educational strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan,Italy.
authors.forename: Enza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Auria
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banderali
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barberi
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gualandri
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pietra
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Amilcare
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010641:Phenotype; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents