title: Does acute tobacco smoking prevent cue-induced craving?
abstract: Smoking cessation aids appear to be limited in their ability to prevent craving triggered by exposure to smoking-associated stimuli; however, the extent to which cue-induced cravings persist following denicotinized or nicotine-containing tobacco smoking is not known.
  
  
  
  Thirty (17 male) ⩾12-hour abstinent dependent smokers completed two sessions during which they smoked a nicotine-containing or denicotinized cigarette. Instructions regarding the nicotine content of the cigarette varied across sessions, and all participants were exposed to a neutral cue followed by a smoking cue after cigarette consumption. Craving was assessed before and after cigarette consumption and cue exposure.
  
  
  
  Reduced intentions to smoke were associated with both nicotine expectancy (p<0.05) and nicotine administration (p<0.01), while reduced withdrawal-related craving was uniquely associated with nicotine administration (p<0.05). Smoking-associated stimuli increased craving regardless of nicotine expectancy or administration (p-values<0.001).
  
  
  
  While both nicotine pharmacology and expectancy appear to contribute to craving reduction associated with acute tobacco smoking, neither smoking-related nicotine administration nor expectation prevents increases in craving following exposure to smoking-associated stimuli. These findings suggest that cue-induced craving may be resistant to various pharmacological and psychological interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada hera.schlagintweit@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Hera E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Schlagintweit
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D066249:Craving / Q000187:drug effects*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012646:Self Administration / Q000379:methods; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D000073869:Tobacco Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Nicotine; cue-induced craving; denicotinized tobacco; tobacco