title: Advanced Stent Graft Treatment of Venous Stenosis Affecting Hemodialysis Vascular Access: Case Illustrations.
abstract: Surgically placed dialysis access is an important component of dialysis replacement therapy. The vast majority of patients undergoing dialysis will have surgically placed accesses at some point in the course of their disease, and for many patients these accesses may represent their definitive renal replacement option. Most, if not all, arteriovenous fistulae and grafts will require interventions at some point in time. Percutaneous angioplasty is the typical first treatment performed for venous stenoses, with stents and stent grafts being reserved for patients in whom angioplasty and surgical options are exhausted. In some salvage situations, stent graft placement may be the only or best option for patients. This article describes, using case illustrations, placement of stent grafts in such patients; a focus will also be made on the techniques utilized in such salvage situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Darshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: R Peter
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lokken
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lipnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ron C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gaba
keywords: interventional radiology; percutaneous angioplasty; stent grafts