title: Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 as a Marker of Chronic Lupus Nephritis.
abstract: Kidney biopsy remains the mainstay of Lupus Nephritis (LN) diagnosis and prognostication. The objective of this study is to identify non-invasive biomarkers that closely parallel renal pathology in LN. Previous reports have demonstrated that serum Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4) was increased in diabetic nephropathy in both animal models and patients. We proceeded to assess if IGFBP4 could be associated with LN. We performed ELISA using the serum of 86 patients with LN. Normal healthy adults (N = 23) and patients with other glomerular diseases (N = 20) served as controls. Compared to the healthy controls or other glomerular disease controls, serum IGFBP-4 levels were significantly higher in the patients with LN. Serum IGFBP-4 did not correlate well with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), renal SLEDAI or proteinuria, but it did correlate with estimated glomerular filtration rate (R = 0.609, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, in 18 patients with proliferative LN whose blood samples were obtained at the time of renal biopsy, serum IGFBP-4 levels correlated strongly with the chronicity index of renal pathology (R = 0.713, P < 0.001). IGFBP-4 emerges a potential marker of lupus nephritis, reflective of renal pathology chronicity changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tianfu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.|Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yujin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jinchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yajuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Quan-zhen
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Putterman
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D003404:Creatinine