title: Comparative analysis of quantitative methodologies for Vibrionaceae biofilms.
abstract: Multiple symbiotic and free-living Vibrio spp. grow as a form of microbial community known as a biofilm. In the laboratory, methods to quantify Vibrio biofilm mass include crystal violet staining, direct colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, dry biofilm cell mass measurement, and observation of development of wrinkled colonies. Another approach for bacterial biofilms also involves the use of tetrazolium (XTT) assays (used widely in studies of fungi) that are an appropriate measure of metabolic activity and vitality of cells within the biofilm matrix. This study systematically tested five techniques, among which the XTT assay and wrinkled colony measurement provided the most reproducible, accurate, and efficient methods for the quantitative estimation of Vibrionaceae biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.|Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Alba A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chavez-Dozal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nourabadi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Marine Biofouling and Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erken
authors.affiliation: ithree Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.|Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McDougald
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA. nish@nmsu.edu.
authors.forename: Michele K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8950-4621
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nishiguchi
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D014737:Vibrionaceae / Q000502:physiology*