title: Comparison of 2-Ethyl-Cyanoacrylate and 2-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate for Use on the Calvaria of CD1 Mice.
abstract: Short-chain cyanoacrylates (SCCA), such as ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate (KrazyGlue, Aron Alpha, Columbus, OH) are commonly used as commercial fast-acting glues. Although once used in clinical medicine as skin adhesives, these products caused tissue toxicity and thus their use in live tissue was discontinued. SCCA were replaced by longer-chain versions (LCCA), such as butyl-cyanoacrylate (Vetbond, 3M, St Paul, Minnesota), which were found to be less toxic than the short-chain formulations. Some researchers prefer to use SCCA due to the belief that they create a stronger bond than do the longer-chain counterparts. In survival surgeries, we compared the bone thickness, bone necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and bone regeneration in the calvaria of control (naïve), surgery-only, SCCA-treated, and LCCA-treated mice (n = 20 per group). At 1 and 14 d after surgery, all mice except those treated with SCCA showed statistically similar bone measurements to those of the naive control group. The SCCA group had significantly less bone regeneration than did all other groups. These results suggest that the application of SCCA causes bone damage resulting in the loss of bone regeneration. This finding may assist investigators in choosing a tissue glue for their studies and may support the IACUC in advocating the use of pharmaceutical-grade tissue glues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA. jsohn@cpp.edu.
authors.forename: Joanne J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: Division of Lab Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zahorsky-Reeves
authors.affiliation: Division of Lab Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Greg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; C029054:ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate; D004659:Enbucrilate