title: Antibacterial Effects of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Isolated from Kefir.
abstract: Kefir is a traditional fermented milk beverage used throughout the world for centuries. A cell-penetrating peptide, F3, was isolated from kefir by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, DEAE-52 ion exchange, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. F3 was determined to be a low molecular weight peptide containing one leucine and one tyrosine with two phosphate radicals. This peptide displayed antimicrobial activity across a broad spectrum of organisms including several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 μg/mL. Cellular penetration and accumulation of F3 were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The peptide was able to penetrate the cellular membrane of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Changes in cell morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that peptide F3 may be a good candidate for use as an effective biological preservative in agriculture and the food industry.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provence Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.|Qinzhou University , Qinzhou 535000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianyin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haoxian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provence Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feilong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provence Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lichao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provence Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yangwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Manman
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provence Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Qingrong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D005285:Fermentation; D000070716:Kefir / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008970:Molecular Weight; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D003470:Culture Media
keywords: antibacterial effects; antimicrobial peptide; identification; kefir; purification