title: Alphaherpesvirus Subversion of Stress-Induced Translational Arrest.
abstract: In this article, we provide an overview of translational arrest in eukaryotic cells in response to stress and the tactics used specifically by alphaherpesviruses to overcome translational arrest. One consequence of translational arrest is the formation of cytoplasmic compartments called stress granules (SGs). Many viruses target SGs for disruption and/or modification, including the alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Recently, it was discovered that HSV-2 disrupts SG formation early after infection via virion host shutoff protein (vhs), an endoribonuclease that is packaged within the HSV-2 virion. We review this discovery and discuss the insights it has provided into SG biology as well as its potential significance in HSV-2 infection. A model for vhs-mediated disruption of SG formation is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. renee.finnen@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Renée L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Finnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. bruce.banfield@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Banfield
mesh_terms: D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; C070722:virion host shutoff protein, Simplexvirus; D012260:Ribonucleases
keywords: alphaherpesvirus; stress granules; translational arrest