title: Salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and head and neck cancer: The Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an innate-immunity protein displaying antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that is found in high concentrations in saliva. The role of extracellular salivary SLPI in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association between SLPI and HNSCC risk in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 53,180 men and women with no history of cancer who provided an oral rinse between 2001 and 2002, 60 were subsequently diagnosed with incident HNSCC between specimen collection and June 2009. In this nested case-control study, archived oral supernatants were evaluated using the Human SLPI Quantikine ELISA Kit for all 60 cases and 180 controls individually matched on gender, race, date of birth, and date of oral rinse collection. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate HNSCC risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, pre-diagnostic salivary SLPI was associated with a non-statistically significant higher risk of HNSCC (OR=1.6, 95% CI=0.9-3.0). Among never smokers, high SLPI was associated with a non-statistically significant lower risk (OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.1-1.9), whereas among ever smokers, high SLPI was associated with a statistically significant higher risk (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.0-4.3) of HNSCC, compared to low SLPI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While results from this study suggest that higher concentrations of salivary SLPI might increase the risk of HNSCC among ever smokers, more research is needed to verify these findings and define the mechanisms by which SLPI and smoking influence the etiology of HNSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Electronic address: Christine.PierceCampbell@Moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pierce Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: B Nelson
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ingles
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Teras
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gapstur
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor / Q000032:analysis*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor
keywords: Head and neck cancer; Innate immunity; Mouthwash; Oral disease; SLPI; Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor