title: Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. What We Know and What We Need to Know: Findings from a National Working Group.
abstract: Disturbed sleep is one of the most common complaints following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and worsens morbidity and long-term sequelae. Further, sleep and TBI share neurophysiologic underpinnings with direct relevance to recovery from TBI. As such, disturbed sleep and clinical sleep disorders represent modifiable treatment targets to improve outcomes in TBI. This paper presents key findings from a national working group on sleep and TBI, with a specific focus on the testing and development of sleep-related therapeutic interventions for mild TBI (mTBI). First, mTBI and sleep physiology are briefly reviewed. Next, essential empirical and clinical questions and knowledge gaps are addressed. Finally, actionable recommendations are offered to guide active and efficient collaboration between academic, industry, and governmental stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ewickwire@medicine.umaryland.edu.|Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ewickwire@medicine.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Emerson M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wickwire
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Capaldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.|Concussion and Sports Program, University of Florida Trauma, Gainesville, FL, USA.|UF Health Sleep Disorders Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: Eisai, Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moline
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Gholam K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Center, National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Department of Sleep Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.affiliation: U.S. Public Health Service, Fort Carson, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Renee M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pazdan
authors.affiliation: Merck and Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Reuven
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferziger
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Balkin
authors.affiliation: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, (Contractor, General Dynamics Health Solutions), Evans Army Community Hospital, Fort Carson, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, CNS, Takeda Development Center - Americas, Deerfield, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Macek
authors.affiliation: Medstar National Rehabilitation Network, Washington, DC, USA.|Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yochelson
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lettieri
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000818:Animals; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Concussion; Insomnia; Sleep; Sleep apnea; Sleep disorders; Traumatic brain injury