title: Gastrointestinal Degradation of Fumonisin B₁ by Carboxylesterase FumD Prevents Fumonisin Induced Alteration of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Turkey and Swine.
abstract: The mycotoxin fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) is a frequent contaminant of feed and causes various adverse health effects in domestic animals. Hence, effective strategies are needed to prevent the impact of fumonisins on livestock productivity. Here we evaluated the capability of the fumonisin carboxylesterase FumD to degrade FB₁ to its less toxic metabolite hydrolyzed FB₁ (HFB₁) in the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys and pigs. First, an ex vivo pig model was used to examine the activity of FumD under digestive conditions. Within 2 h of incubation with FumD, FB₁ was completely degraded to HFB₁ in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively. To test the efficacy of the commercial application of FumD (FUMzyme) in vivo, female turkeys (n = 5) received either basal feed (CON), fumonisin-contaminated feed (15 mg/kg FB₁+FB₂; FB) or fumonisin-contaminated feed supplemented with FUMzyme (15 U/kg; FB+FUMzyme) for 14 days ad libitum. Addition of FUMzyme resulted in significantly decreased levels of FB₁ in excreta, whereas HFB₁ concentrations were significantly increased. Compared to the FB group (0.24 ± 0.02), the mean serum sphinganine-to-sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio was significantly reduced in the FB+FUMzyme group (0.19 ± 0.02), thus resembling values of the CON group (0.16 ± 0.02). Similarly, exposure of piglets (n = 10) to 2 mg/kg FB₁+FB₂ for 42 days caused significantly elevated serum Sa/So ratios (0.39 ± 0.15) compared to the CON group (0.14 ± 0.01). Supplementation with FUMzyme (60 U/kg) resulted in gastrointestinal degradation of FB₁ and unaffected Sa/So ratios (0.16 ± 0.02). Thus, the carboxylesterase FumD represents an effective strategy to detoxify FB₁ in the digestive tract of turkeys and pigs.
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Erber Campus 1, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria. sabine.masching@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masching
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Erber Campus 1, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria. karin.naehrer@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naehrer
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria. heidi.schwartz@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Heidi-Elisabeth
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania. mihai.sarandan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sărăndan
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Erber Campus 1, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria. simone.schaumberger@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaumberger
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria. ilse.dohnal@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dohnal
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria. veronika.nagl@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagl
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria. dian.schatzmayr@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schatzmayr
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D013552:Swine; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D013107:Sphingolipids; C056933:fumonisin B1; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D013110:Sphingosine; C005682:safingol
keywords: Fusarium toxins; biomarker; biotransformation; detoxification; feed additive; metabolism; poultry; swine; toxicokinetics