title: Enrichment of IFN-γ producing cells in different murine adipose tissue depots upon infection with an apicomplexan parasite.
abstract: Here we report that lean mice infected with the intracellular parasite Neospora caninum show a fast but sustained increase in the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells noticeable in distinct adipose tissue depots. Moreover, IFN-γ-mediated immune memory could be evoked in vitro in parasite antigen-stimulated adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells collected from mice infected one year before. Innate or innate-like cells such as NK, NK T and TCRγδ(+) cells, but also CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCRβ(+) lymphocytes contributed to the IFN-γ production observed since day one of infection. This early cytokine production was largely abrogated in IL-12/IL23 p40-deficient mice. Moreover, production of IFN-γ by stromal vascular fraction cells isolated from these mice was markedly lower than that of wild-type counterparts upon stimulation with parasite antigen. In wild-type mice the increased IFN-γ production was concomitant with up-regulated expression of genes encoding interferon-inducible GTPases and nitric oxide synthase, which are important effector molecules in controlling intracellular parasite growth. This increased gene expression was markedly impaired in the p40-deficient mice. Overall, these results show that NK cells but also diverse T cell populations mediate a prompt and widespread production of IFN-γ in the adipose tissue of N. caninum infected mice.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luzia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.|Laboratório de Imunologia Mário Arala Chaves, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferreirinha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.|Laboratório de Imunologia Mário Arala Chaves, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vilanova
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D010271:Parasites / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma