title: The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis inflammation: ovalbumin-induced rat model.
abstract: Desloratadine is a biologically active metabolite of loratadine which is indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). In this study, we aimed to determine the role of endothelins in allergic rhinitis (AR) and the effects of endothelin receptor antagonists in AR rat models through comparison with desloratadine.
  
  
  
  In total, 20 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. An ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model was formed in three study groups except for the control group. Bosentan (100 mg/kg/day) was given to the bosentan-treated group for 7 days and desloratadine (10 mg/kg/day) was administered to the antihistaminic-treated group for 7 days. Nasal symptom scorings and histopathological examinations of the nasal tissues were carried out. Serum IgE levels and ET-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels were analysed. Between group comparisons for nasal symptoms, histopathological analysis, and molecular analyses were performed with a one-way ANOVA and Duncans multiple comparison tests. Significance was accepted at p smaller than 0.05.
  
  
  
  Bosentan inhibited nasal symptom more significantly than desloratadine. The IgE level, ET-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels statistically increased in the allergic rhinitis group when compared to other groups. Conversely, the bosentan-treatment group showed a significant recovery from the same parameters. The deterioration in histopathological parameters reached the highest levels in the allergic rhinitis group. The histopathological findings were close to those of the control group in the bosentan and antihistaminic-treated group.
  
  
  
  ET-1 is one of the mediators that impact AR development and ET-1 antagonists can be useful for symptom control and for decreasing allergic inflammation in AR patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yayla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kose
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoruk
authors.affiliation: Department of Embryology and Histology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077300:Bosentan; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D017336:Loratadine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010047:Ovalbumin; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D017336:Loratadine; D010047:Ovalbumin; C121345:desloratadine; D000077300:Bosentan