title: Sensory qualities of the phantom hand map in the residual forearm of amputees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most amputees experience referred sensations, known as a phantom hand map, on the residual forearm, where touch on specific areas is perceived as touch on the amputated hand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory qualities of the phantom hand map.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 traumatic forearm-amputees touch thres-holds and discriminative touch of the phantom hand map were assessed and compared with corresponding areas on the contralateral forearm. The study assessed the localization of touch on the phantom hand map, and how distinct and similar to normal touch the referred feeling was.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar touch thresholds were seen in the phantom hand map and the control site. Tactile discrimination, requiring both detection of stimulus and interpretation, was significantly better in the phantom hand map.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This explorative study suggests that the phantom hand map and the superior tactile discrimination seen in the phantom hand map are based on adaptations within the brain. Further studies investigating the neural basis for the phantom hand map are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery , Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Björkman
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wijk
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antfolk
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Björkman-Burtscher
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosén
mesh_terms: D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000534:rehabilitation*