title: NORMAL VAGINAL BACTERIAL FLORA OF GIANT PANDAS (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA) AND THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF THE ISOLATES.
abstract: In order to study the typical vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), we took vaginal swabs for the sake of bacterial isolation, from 24 healthy female giant pandas. A total of 203 isolates were identified, representing a total of 17 bacterial species. The most common bacteria isolated were Lactobacillus spp. (54.2%, 13 of 24), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (41.7%, 10 of 24) and Escherichia coli (33.3%, 8 of 24). Some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Peptostreptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, were also isolated but showed no pathology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aerobic bacterial isolates was performed with disk diffusion method. Of the 152 isolates, resistance was most frequently observed with chloramphenicol (17.8%), followed by tetracycline (14.5%), ciprofloxacin (12.5%), streptomycin (11.8%), and florfenicol (11.8%), while 7.2% were multidrug resistant. This is the first report of the normal vaginal culturable bacterial flora of giant pandas, followed by the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hongning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Caiwu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yongguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: SenYan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hemin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Desheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pengyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuesong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Changwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chengyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Lulai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chunmao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D001503:Ursidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; bacterial flora; giant panda; multidrug resistance; vagina