title: Histomorphometric evaluation of a dual acid-etched vs. a chemically modified hydrophilic dual acid-etched implant surface. An experimental study in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this preclinical in vivo study was to compare histologically and histomorphometrically osseointegration of dual acid-etched vs. hydrophilic implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two pairs of implants (Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil), with same macrogeometry but different surface technology (i) dual acid-etched surface (SAE) treatment with hydrochloric and sulfuric acid followed by microwave treatment and insertion in isotonic saline solution to increase hydrophilicity (SAE-HD) (test, n = 12); (ii) dual SAE (control, n = 12) were installed bilaterally in the proximal tibia of six beagle dogs. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation was performed after 2 and 4 weeks in vivo, on non-decalcified sections. Percentages of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD) were estimated and tested for significant differences with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, new bone formation along and in contact with the implant surface could be observed irrespective of the experimental group and observation period. Most of the bone was woven but small quantities of lamellar bone, mainly in close proximity to the cortex could also be observed. BIC at 2 weeks was 19.57 ± 13.57 and 20.33 ± 7.99 (P = 0.75), and at 4 weeks was 42.80 ± 14.48 and 40.25 ± 9.45 (P = 0.65) for SAE-HD and SAE implants respectively. BD at 2 weeks was 24.85 ± 16.31 and 25.66 ± 8.59 (P = 0.35) and at 4 weeks 44.13 ± 6.46 and 40.13 ± 6.46 (P = 0.25) for SAE-HD and SAE implants respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone-to-implant contact and BD increased with time in both SAE-HD and SAE implants. No significant differences were observed between the two different implant surfaces for any of the evaluated parameters and at any observation time-point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rainde Naiara Rezende
authors.initials: RNR
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8161-3754
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavropoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maiolino Thomaz Fonseca
authors.initials: MTF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira
authors.initials: PBF
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camilla Christian Gomes
authors.initials: CCG
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Darceny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zanetta-Barbosa
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: bone-to-implant contact; dogs; implant surfaces; oral implants; osseointegration