title: Cytokine Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Wasting.
abstract: Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in a variety of diseases including diabetes, cancer, Crohn's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), disuse, and denervation. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is involved in mediating the wasting effect. To date, a causal relationship between TNF-α signaling and muscle wasting has been established in animal models. However, results from clinical trials are conflicting. This is partly due to the fact that other factors such as TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are also involved in skeletal muscle wasting. Because muscle wasting is often associated with physical inactivity and reduced food intake, therapeutic interventions will be most effective when multiple approaches are used in conjunction with nutritional support and exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China. Electronic address: yangxin_li@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yangxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China. Electronic address: yaohua_song1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yao-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: TNF-α; TRAF6; TWEAK; muscle wasting