title: Discovery of Low Micromolar Dual Inhibitors for Wild Type and L1196M Mutant of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase through Structure-Based Virtual Screening.
abstract: Although anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is involved in a variety of malignant human cancers, the emergence of constitutively active mutants with drug resistance has rendered it difficult to identify the new medicines for ALK-dependent cancers. To find the common inhibitors of the wild type ALK and the most abundant drug-resistant mutant (L1196M), we performed molecular docking-based virtual screening of a large chemical library in parallel for the two target proteins. As a consequence of augmenting the accuracy of the docking simulation by implementing a sophisticated hydration free energy term in the scoring function, 12 common inhibitors are discovered with the inhibitory activities ranging from submicromolar to low micromolar levels. The results of the binding free energy decomposition indicate that the biochemical potency of ALK inhibitors can be optimized by reducing the dehydration cost for binding to the receptor protein as well as by strengthening the interactions with amino acid residues in the ATP-binding site. The newly identified ALK inhibitors are found to have a little higher inhibitory activity for the L1196M mutant than for the wild type due to the strengthening of the hydrogen bond interactions in the ATP-binding site. Of the 12 common inhibitors, 2-(5-methyl-benzooxazol-2-ylamino)-quinazolin-4-ol (3) is anticipated to serve as a new molecular scaffold to optimize the biochemical potency because it exhibits low micromolar inhibitory activity with respect to both the wild type and L1196M mutant in spite of the low molecular weight (292.3 amu).
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology & Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University , 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Saemina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) & Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Shinmee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.affiliation: Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) & Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology & Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University , 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwangseo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D009154:Mutation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D014867:Water; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C000626173:ALK protein, human; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases