title: The functions of the variable lipoprotein family of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in adherence to host cells.
abstract: Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a swine pathogen that is associated with various human cancers and contamination in cell cultures. However, no studies on the adhesion molecules of this pathogen have yet been reported. The variable lipoprotein (Vlp) family is an important surface component of M. hyorhinis. Herein, we performed several experiments to identify the function of the Vlp family in adherence to host cells. Seven recombinant Vlp (rVlp) proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The potential role of rVlp adherence to pig kidney (PK-15) and swine tracheal epithelial (STEC) cells was then studied by indirect immunofluorescence assay and microtiter plate adherence assay. Adhesion of M. hyorhinis to PK-15 and STEC cells was specifically inhibited by the addition of a cocktail of rVlp proteins. The rVlp protein mixture was shown to bind to both PK-15 and STEC cells. The binding increased in a dose-dependent manner and could be blocked by antisera against the rVlp proteins. Most of the rVlp proteins could bind individually to both PK-15 and STEC cells except for rVlpD and rVlpF, which bound only to STEC cells. Because Vlp members vary in size among different strains and generations, they may vary in their cytoadhesion capabilities in various strains. In summary, the present results indicate that the Vlp family functions as adhesins of M. hyorhinis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Qiyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Bixiong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Qinghong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Yanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Maojun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology，Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China. Electronic address: gqshaonj@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D045790:Mycoplasma hyorhinis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Adhesion; Mycoplasma hyorhinis; Variable lipoprotein