title: Lymph node ratio as a novel and simple prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer.
abstract: TNM staging is no doubt the most critical prognostic factors, representing tumor (T)/lymph node metastasis (N)/distant metastasis (M) in gastric cancer. Lymph node ratio-based N system (Nr) has been repeatedly reported to be of prognostic relevance in advanced gastric cancer independent of stage in the multivariate analysis world-wide, and proposed as more sophisticated than N with regard to predicting accurate prognosis. As a result, proposed TNrM system may predict survival more accurately than the present TNM staging system for patients undergoing limited lymph node analysis. It could adjust stage migration when the lymph node number was used as staging factor. Although correlation of the number of metastatic lymph nodes and lymph node ratio is obvious, biological characteristics other than that could also have been reflected on. It may indicate how successful the operation of lymph node dissection was, or it may be revealing the potential of the patient's lymph node immune-reaction. Recently, high lymph node ratio is closely associated with EGFR expression in advanced gastric cancer. When efficiency of applying lymph node ratio as a biomarker is verified and confirmed in an expansive research, and when cancer causing molecules are identified, as well as the competence as a treatment target is studied, the new biomarker, namely, lymph node ratio, could find itself in a limelight in gastric cancer treatment in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kangawa 252-0374, Japan. Electronic address: keishi23@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kangawa 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kangawa 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ema
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kangawa 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Gastric cancer; Lymph node dissection; Lymph node metastasis; Lymph node ratio; prognostic factor