title: Use of purple durum wheat to produce naturally functional fresh and dry pasta.
abstract: In this study, the effects of different milling procedures (roller-milling vs. stone-milling) and pasta processing (fresh vs. dried spaghetti), and cooking on the antioxidant components and sensory properties of purple durum wheat were investigated. Milling and pasta processing were performed using one purple and one conventional non-pigmented durum wheat genotypes, and the end-products were compared with commercial pasta. The results show that the stone milling process preserved more compounds with high health value (total fibre and carotenoids, and in the purple genotype, also anthocyanins) compared to roller-milling. The drying process significantly (p<0.05) reduced the content of anthocyanins (21.42 μg/g vs. 46.32 μg/g) and carotenoids (3.77 μg/g vs. 4.04 μg/g) with respect to the pasteurisation process involved in fresh pasta production. The sensory properties of pasta from the purple genotype did not significantly differ from commercial wholemeal pasta, and its in vitro glycemic index was even lower. Thus, it is possible to consider this genetic material as a good ingredient for the production of functional foods from cereals naturally rich in bioactive compounds.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy. Electronic address: donatellabm.ficco@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Donatella Bianca Maria
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ficco
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Leonardis
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giovanniello
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo Alessandro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Del Nobile
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padalino
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lecce
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Grazia Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CREA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25.200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Vita
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D003116:Color; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: 1-Butanol (PubChem CID: 263); 2,2′-Azinodi(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) (PubChem CID: 6871216); 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) (PubChem CID: 40634); Anthocyanins; Boric acid (PubChem CID: 7628); Calcium chloride (PubChem CID: 24854); Carotenoids; Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 197081); Glycemic index; Methanol (PubChem CID: 887); Milling; Pasta processing; Purple durum wheat; Sensory/texture analysis; Sodium azide (PubChem CID: 33557); Sulphuric acid (PubChem CID: 1118); Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity