title: Candida/Candida biofilms. First description of dual-species Candida albicans/C. rugosa biofilm.
abstract: Denture liners have physical properties that favour plaque accumulation and colonization by Candida species, irritating oral tissues and causing denture stomatitis. To isolate and determine the incidence of oral Candida species in dental prostheses, oral swabs were collected from the dental prostheses of 66 patients. All the strains were screened for their ability to form biofilms; both monospecies and dual-species combinations were tested. Candida albicans (63 %) was the most frequently isolated microorganism; Candida tropicalis (14 %), Candida glabrata (13 %), Candida rugosa (5 %), Candida parapsilosis (3 %), and Candida krusei (2 %) were also detected. The XTT assay showed that C. albicans SC5314 possessed a biofilm-forming ability significantly higher (p < 0.001) than non-albicans Candida strains, after 6 h 37 °C. The total C. albicans CFU from a dual-species biofilm was less than the total CFU of a monospecies C. albicans biofilm. In contrast to the profuse hyphae verified in monospecies C. albicans biofilms, micrographies showed that the C. albicans/non-albicans Candida biofilms consisted of sparse yeast forms and profuse budding yeast cells that generated a network. These results suggested that C. albicans and the tested Candida species could co-exist in biofilms displaying apparent antagonism. The study provide the first description of C. albicans/C. rugosa mixed biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, UNIRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique Gomes
authors.initials: CHG
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, UNIRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Rodovia Ararquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP 14.902-801, Brazil. Electronic address: regina.pires@unifran.edu.br.
authors.forename: Regina Helena
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, UNIRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Oliveira
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, UNIRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Aparecida Martins
authors.initials: CAM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Rodovia Ararquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP 14.902-801, Brazil.
authors.forename: Junya de Lacorte
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Singulani
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, UNIRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fariza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abrão
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, UNIRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais de
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Rodovia Ararquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, SP 14.902-801, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria José Soares
authors.initials: MJS
authors.lastname: Mendes-Giannini
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017266:Dental Prosthesis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005562:Formazans / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D013696:Temperature; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005562:Formazans; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; C059088:1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan
keywords: Candida rugosa; Dual-species biofilms; Fungal biofilms; Oral colonization; Prostheses-related infections