title: Dealing With Uncertainty: Testing Risk- and Ambiguity-Attitude Across Adolescence.
abstract: Attitudes to risk (known probabilities) and attitudes to ambiguity (unknown probabilities) are separate constructs that influence decision making, but their development across adolescence remains elusive. We administered a choice task to a wide adolescent age-range (N = 157, 10-25 years) to disentangle risk- and ambiguity-attitudes using a model-based approach. Additionally, this task was played in a social context, presenting choices from a high risk-taking peer. We observed age-related changes in ambiguity-attitude, but not risk-attitude. Also, ambiguity-aversion was negatively related to real-life risk taking. Finally, the social context influenced only risk-attitudes. These results highlight the importance of disentangling risk- and ambiguity-attitudes in adolescent risk taking.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , Institute of Psychology, Leiden University , Leiden , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Neeltje E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Blankenstein
authors.affiliation: a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , Institute of Psychology, Leiden University , Leiden , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eveline A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.affiliation: b Center for Adaptive Rationality , Max Planck Institute for Human Development , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van den Bos
authors.affiliation: a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , Institute of Psychology, Leiden University , Leiden , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anna C K
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Duijvenvoorde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012309:Risk-Taking; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult