title: Extracts from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Edible Mushrooms Enriched with Vitamin D Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Hepatoprotective Effect.
abstract: Vitamin D has been known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Extracts derived from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) edible mushroom exert an anti-inflammatory effect. These extracts contain high levels of ergosterol, which converts into ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) following exposure to ultraviolet light, followed by absorption and hydroxylation into the active form 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of overexpression of vitamin D in edible mushrooms, L. edodes mushrooms were exposed to ultraviolet-B light, freeze-dried, followed by measurement of vitamin D2 contents, in their dry weight. C57B1/6 mice were orally treated with vitamin D2-enriched or nonenriched mushroom extract prior and during concanavalin A-immune-mediated liver injury. Exposure to ultraviolet light increased vitamin D2 content in Shiitake edible mushrooms. Following feeding of vitamin D-enriched mushroom extracts to mice with immune-mediated hepatitis, a significant decrease in liver damage was noted. This was shown by a decrease in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels, a decrease in proportion of mice with severe liver injury, and by improvement in liver histology. These effects were associated with a decrease in serum interferon gamma levels. A synergistic effect was noted between the anti-inflammatory effect of the mushroom extracts and that of vitamin D. Oral administration of vitamin D-enriched L. edodes edible mushroom exerts a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect in the immune-mediated hepatitis. The data support its potential use as safe immunomodulatory adjuvant for the treatment of HCV and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
authors.affiliation: 1 Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel .
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drori
authors.affiliation: 1 Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel .
authors.forename: Yehudit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shabat
authors.affiliation: 1 Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel .
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Ya'acov
authors.affiliation: 2 Migal, Galilee Research Institute , Kiryat Shmone, Israel .
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Danay
authors.affiliation: 2 Migal, Galilee Research Institute , Kiryat Shmone, Israel .
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levanon
authors.affiliation: 1 Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel .
authors.forename: Lidya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zolotarov
authors.affiliation: 1 Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel .
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ilan
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004872:Ergocalciferols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Lentinula edodes; Shiitake; hepatoprotective; vitamin D