title: Nanoparticles for intravascular applications: physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the physicochemical analysis of nanosystems intended for cardiovascular applications and their toxicological characterization in static and dynamic cell culture conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Size, polydispersity and ζ-potential were determined in 10 nanoparticle systems including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric and iron oxide nanoparticles. Nanoparticle effects on primary human endothelial cell viability were monitored using real-time cell analysis and live-cell microscopy in static conditions, and in a flow model of arterial bifurcations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of tested nanosystems were well tolerated by endothelial cells up to the concentration of 100 μg/ml in static, and up to 400 μg/ml in dynamic conditions. Pilot experiments in a pig model showed that intravenous administration of liposomal nanoparticles did not evoke the hypersensitivity reaction. These findings are of importance for future clinical use of nanosystems intended for intravascular applications.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Nanomedicine Unit, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), ENT-Department, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matuszak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Nanomedicine Unit, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), ENT-Department, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaloga
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1148, LVTS, Paris Diderot University, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juenet
authors.affiliation: Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Acarília Eduardo
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical & Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Almer
authors.affiliation: CEA-LETI MINATEC/DTBS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Texier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faivre
authors.affiliation: Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.|Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic & Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Josbert M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Metselaar
authors.affiliation: CEA-LETI MINATEC/DTBS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1148, LVTS, Paris Diderot University, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chauvierre
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prassl
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Research & Education Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dézsi
authors.affiliation: SeroScience Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urbanics
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Nanomedicine Unit, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), ENT-Department, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alexiou
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical & Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mangge
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Research & Education Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.|SeroScience Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szebeni
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1148, LVTS, Paris Diderot University, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Letourneur
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Nanomedicine Unit, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), ENT-Department, University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstr. 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cicha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008081:Liposomes; D011108:Polymers; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: atherosclerosis; endothelial cells; hypersensitivity reaction; live-cell analysis; nanoparticle biocompatibility; nanoparticle stability