title: Distribution of iliac veins posterior to the common iliac artery bifurcation related to pelvic lymphadenectomy: A digital in vivo anatomical study of 442 Chinese females.
abstract: To investigate the distribution of iliac veins posterior to common iliac artery bifurcation (CIAB) for pelvic lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  
  After IRB approval was obtained, computer tomography angiography data of 442 female pelvises were acquired. After vascular three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, the structural types, frequencies and diameters of iliac veins immediately posterior to CIAB were investigated and measured. To quantify iliac vein courses, linear distances and their distances on sagittal, coronal and vertical axes from CIAB to external/internal iliac veins confluence (EIIVC) were geometrically measured.
  
  
  
  There were five structural types of iliac veins distribution immediately posterior to CIAB: common iliac vein (CIV, 13.8%), no occurrence of great vein (N, 71.27%, 0), EIIVC (1.58%) and external iliac vein (EIV, 13.35%) on the left side, while confluence of common iliac veins (CCIV, 8.82%), CIV (77.38%), N (1.58%, 0), EIIVC (6.11%), and EIV (6.11%) on right. The venous diameters immediately posterior to CIAB in "CCIV", "CIV" and "EIIVC" were significantly larger than that in "EIV" (P<0.05). Their linear distances and their distances on each axis from CIAB to external/internal iliac veins confluence (EIIVC) from CIAB to EIIVC were obtained.
  
  
  
  In this study, we presented new distribution of iliac veins posterior to CIAB, including structural types, frequencies, venous diameters immediately posterior to CIAB, and their quantified courses from CIAB to EIIVC. It could help surgeons reduce the risk of vascular injury, hemorrhage or transfusion in pelvic lymphadenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medicine Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Jianyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medicine Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Zhanglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. Electronic address: jieru@163.com.
authors.forename: Chunlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. Electronic address: lpivy@126.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Huanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medicine Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Xiangxue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medicine Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3D reconstruction; Common iliac arterial bifurcation; Digital anatomy; External/internal iliac veins confluence; Pelvic lymphadenectomy