title: 9- and 13-Hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (9+13 HODE) are inversely related to granulocyte colony stimulating factor and IL-6 in runners after 2h running.
abstract: This study utilized a pro-inflammatory exercise mode to explore potential linkages between increases in 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (9+13 HODE) and biomarkers for inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle damage. Male (N=10) and female (N=10) runners ran at ∼70% VO2max for 1.5h followed by 30min of downhill running (-10%). Blood samples were taken pre-run and immediately-, 1-h-, and 24-h post-run, and analyzed for 9+13 HODE, F2-isoprostanes, six cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MYO). Gender groups performed at comparable relative heart rate and oxygen consumption levels during the 2-h run. All outcome measures increased post-run (time effects, P⩽0.001), with levels near pre-run levels by 24h except for CRP, CK, MYO, and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). Plasma 9+13 HODE increased 314±38.4% post-run (P<0.001), 77.3±15.8% 1-h post-run (P<0.001), and 40.6±16.4% 24-h post-exercise (P=0.024), and F2-isoprostanes increased 50.8±8.9% post-run (P<0.001) and 19.0±5.3% 1-h post-run (P=0.006). Post-run increases were comparable between genders for all outcomes except for 9+13 HODE (interaction effect, P=0.024, post-run tending higher in females), IL-10 (P=0.006, females lower), and DOMS (P=0.029, females lower). The pre-to-post-run increase in 9+13 HODEs was not related to other outcomes except for plasma granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) (r=-0.710, P<0.001) and IL-6 (r=-0.457, P=0.043). Within the context of this study, exercise-induced increases in 9+13 HODEs tended higher in females, and were not related to increases in F2-isoprostanes, muscle damage, or soreness. The negative relationships to GCSF and IL-6 suggest a linkage between 9+13 HODES and exercise-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States. Electronic address: niemandc@appstate.edu.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.affiliation: Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Mary Pat
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Meaney
authors.affiliation: Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Casey S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Knagge
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Huiyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063806:Myalgia / Q000097:blood*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D009211:Myoglobin; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C024347:9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid; C024348:13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Cytokines; Inflammation; Muscle damage; Oxidative stress; Running; Soreness