title: Changes in pigment, spectral transmission and element content of pink chicken eggshells with different pigment intensity during incubation.
abstract: Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in pigment, spectral transmission and element content of chicken eggshells with different intensities of pink pigment during the incubation period. We also investigated the effects of the region (small pole, equator and large pole) and pink pigment intensity of the chicken eggshell on the percent transmission of light passing through the chicken eggshells. Method. Eggs of comparable weight from a meat-type breeder (Meihuang) were used, and divided based on three levels of pink pigment (light, medium and dark) in the eggshells. During the incubation (0-21 d), the values of the eggshell pigment (ΔE, L (∗), a (∗), b (∗)) were measured. The percent transmission of light for different regions and intensities of eggshell pigmentation was measured by using the visible wavelength range of 380-780 nm. Result. Three measured indicators of eggshell color, ΔE, L (∗) and a (∗), did not change significantly during incubation. Compared with other regions and pigment intensities, eggshell at the small pole and with light pigmentation intensity showed the highest percent transmission of light. The transmission value varied significantly (P < 0.001) with incubation time. The element analysis of eggshells with different levels of pink pigment showed that the potassium content of the eggshells for all pigment levels decreased significantly during incubation. Conclusion. In summary, pigment intensity and the region of the eggshell influenced the percent transmission of light of eggshell. Differences in the spectral characteristics of different eggshells may influence the effects of photostimulation during the incubation of eggs. All of these results will be applicable for perfecting the design of light intensity for lighted incubation to improve productivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Plant Machinery System Technology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Zhanming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Plant Machinery System Technology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
keywords: Chicken eggshell; Element content; Light; Percent transmittance; Pink pigment