title: The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: V. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on physical activity in the C57BL/6 mouse.
abstract: Calorie restriction (CR) delays the onset of age-related disease and extends lifespan in a number of species. When faced with reduced energy supply animals need to lower energy demands, which may be achieved in part by reducing physical activity (PA). We monitored changes in PA using implanted transmitters in male C57BL/6 mice in response to graded levels of CR (10 to 40%) or matched levels of graded protein restriction (PR) for 3 months. Mice were fed at lights out and ad libitum controls were limited to dark-phase feeding (12AL) or 24hr/day. Total daily PA declined in a non-linear manner over the first 30 days of CR or PR, remaining stable thereafter. Total daily PA was not related to the level of CR or PR. Total daily PA over the last 20 days of restriction was related to circulating leptin, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels, measured after 3 months. Mice under restriction showed a high level of activity in the 2hrs before feeding (food anticipatory activity: FAA). FAA followed a complex pattern, peaking around day 20, falling on ~day 37 then increasing again. FAA was also positively related to the level of restriction and inversely to leptin, insulin, TNF-α and IGF-1. Non-FAA, in contrast, declined over the period of restriction, generally more so in mice under greater restriction, thereby offsetting to some extent the increase in FAA. Mice under PR displayed no changes in PA over time or in comparison to 12AL, and showed no increase in FAA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delville
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konstantopedos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Davina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Derous
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Cara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Dong J
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E L
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Promislow
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Luonan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lusseau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.|State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Speakman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: Gerotarget; calorie restriction; dietary restriction; food intake; physical activity; protein restriction