title: Agarose- and alginate-based biopolymers for sample preparation: Excellent green extraction tools for this century.
abstract: Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of miniaturized sample preparation techniques before the chromatographic monitoring of the analytes in unknown complex compositions. The use of biopolymer-based sorbents in solid-phase microextraction techniques has achieved a good reputation. A great variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine plants or microorganisms. Seaweeds are the major sources of polysaccharides such as alginate, agar, agarose, as well as carrageenans. Agarose and alginate (green biopolymers) have been manipulated for different microextraction approaches. The present review is focused on the classification of biopolymer and their applications in multidisciplinary research. Besides, efforts have been made to discuss the state-of-the-art of the new microextraction techniques that utilize commercial biopolymer interfaces such as agarose in liquid-phase microextraction and solid-phase microextraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.|Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Marsin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sanagi
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saw Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.|Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Nazihah
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Wan Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pourmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salisu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Aini
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wan Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ali
keywords: Agarose; Biopolymers; Green chemistry; Sample preparation; Solid-phase extraction