title: The reliability of local dynamic stability in walking while texting and performing an arithmetical problem.
abstract: In the recent years, local dynamic stability of walking was frequently used to quantify motor control. Particularly, dual-task paradigms are used to assess a shift in gait control strategy to test walking in real life situations. Texting short messages while walking is a common motor-cognitive dual task of daily living. To able to monitor possible intervention effects on motor-cognitive dual-task performance, the test-retest reliability of the measure has to be evaluated. Since the reliability of the effects of cognitive tasks including texting while walking on local dynamic gait stability has not been assessed yet, this will be evaluated in the current study. Eleven young individuals were included. Gait data was registered twice (test-retest interval: seven days) using an inertial sensor fixed on the subjects' trunks in three conditions: normal walking, walking while texting a message and walking while reciting serials of 7. Short-term finite maximum Lyapunov Exponents were quantified to assess local dynamic stability. The test-retest reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients and Bland and Altman Plots (bias and limits of agreement). ICC values of the current study show that in normal walking and walking while texting, outcomes are comparable and indicate mostly good to excellent reliability. The reliability values were almost always the lowest in walking while reciting serials of 7. Local dynamic stability derived from kinematic data of walking while cell phone texting can be reliably collected and, in turn, be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials with repeated measures design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address: dennis.hamacher@ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Törpel
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krowicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D060145:Text Messaging; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Cell phone; Gait; Lyapunov Exponent; Reproducibility; Test-retest