title: An overview of chitin or chitosan/nano ceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Chitin and chitosan based nanocomposite scaffolds have been widely used for bone tissue engineering. These chitin and chitosan based scaffolds were reinforced with nanocomponents viz Hydroxyapatite (HAp), Bioglass ceramic (BGC), Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) to develop nanocomposite scaffolds. Plenty of works have been reported on the applications and characteristics of the nanoceramic composites however, compiling the work done in this field and presenting it in a single article is a thrust area. This review is written with an aim to fill this gap and focus on the preparations and applications of chitin or chitosan/nHAp, chitin or chitosan/nBGC, chitin or chitosan/nSiO2, chitin or chitosan/nTiO2and chitin or chitosan/nZrO2in the field of bone tissue engineering in detail. Many reports so far exemplify the importance of ceramics in bone regeneration. The effect of nanoceramics over native ceramics in developing composites, its role in osteogenesis etc. are the gist of this review.
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deepthi
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Centre, Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Centre, Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Memphis, Joint University of Memphis, University of Tennessee Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bumgardner
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India; Marine Bioprocess Research Centre, Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608737, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: rjayakumar@aims.amrita.edu.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C022107:Bioglass; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Bioceramics; Bone tissue engineering; Chitin; Chitosan; Nanocomposite scaffolds