title: Screening of Satureja subspicata Vis. Honey by HPLC-DAD, GC-FID/MS and UV/VIS: Prephenate Derivatives as Biomarkers.
abstract: The samples of Satureja subspicata Vis. honey were confirmed to be unifloral by melissopalynological analysis with the characteristic pollen share from 36% to 71%. Bioprospecting of the samples was performed by HPLC-DAD, GC-FID/MS, and UV/VIS. Prephenate derivatives were shown to be dominant by the HPLC-DAD analysis, particularly phenylalanine (167.8 mg/kg) and methyl syringate (MSYR, 114.1 mg/kg), followed by tyrosine and benzoic acid. Higher amounts of MSYR (3-4 times) can be pointed out for distinguishing S. subspicata Vis. honey from other Satureja spp. honey types. GC-FID/MS analysis of ultrasonic solvent extracts of the samples revealed MSYR (46.68%, solvent pentane/Et2O 1:2 (v/v); 52.98%, solvent CH2Cl2) and minor abundance of other volatile prephenate derivatives, as well as higher aliphatic compounds characteristic of the comb environment. Two combined extracts (according to the solvents) of all samples were evaluated for their antioxidant properties by FRAP and DPPH assay; the combined extracts demonstrated higher activity (at lower concentrations) in comparison with the average honey sample. UV/VIS analysis of the samples was applied for determination of CIE Lab colour coordinates, total phenolics (425.38 mg GAE/kg), and antioxidant properties (4.26 mmol Fe(2+)/kg (FRAP assay) and 0.8 mmol TEAC/kg (DDPH assay)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, Split 21000, Croatia. igor@ktf-split.hr.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jerković
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, Split 21000, Croatia. mkranjac@ktf-split.hr.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kranjac
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Marko Marulić Polytechnic in Knin, Petra Krešimira IV 30, Knin 22300, Croatia. zmarijanovic@veleknin.hr.
authors.forename: Zvonimir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marijanović
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, Split 21000, Croatia. zekic@ktf-split.hr.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zekić
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, Split 21000, Croatia. radonic@ktf-split.hr.
authors.forename: Ani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radonić
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy. tuberoso@unica.it.
authors.forename: Carlo Ignazio Giovanni
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Tuberoso
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D010636:Phenols; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C005550:prephenic acid
keywords: GC-FID/MS; HPLC-DAD; Satureja subspicata Vis. honey; UV/Vis spectrometry; methyl syringate; prephenate derivatives