title: Fast production of microfluidic devices by CO2 laser engraving of wax-coated glass slides.
abstract: Glass is one of the most convenient materials for the development of microfluidic devices. However, most fabrication protocols require long processing times and expensive facilities. As a convenient alternative, polymeric materials have been extensively used due their lower cost and versatility. Although CO2 laser ablation has been used for fast prototyping on polymeric materials, it cannot be applied to glass devices because the local heating causes thermal stress and results in extensive cracking. A few papers have shown the ablation of channels or thin holes (used as reservoirs) on glass but the process is still far away from yielding functional glass microfluidic devices. To address these shortcomings, this communication describes a simple method to engrave glass-based capillary electrophoresis devices using standard (1 mm-thick) microscope glass slides. The process uses a sacrificial layer of wax as heat sink and enables the development of both channels (with semicircular shape) and pass-through reservoirs. Although microscope images showed some small cracks around the channels (that became irrelevant after sealing the engraved glass layer to PDMS) the proposed strategy is a leap forward in the application of the technology to glass. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the approach, the separation of dopamine, catechol and uric acid was accomplished in less than 100 s.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.|Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro S F
authors.initials: MSF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: HJ Science and Technology, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudimir L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: do Lago
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivano G R
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Gutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002396:Catechols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004298:Dopamine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004741:Engraving and Engravings; D005898:Glass; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D054020:Lasers, Gas; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014885:Waxes
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D014885:Waxes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014527:Uric Acid; C034221:catechol; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: CO2 engraving; Electrophoresis; Glass devices