title: Validation of an Experimental Model to Study Less Severe Chronic Renal Failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 5/6 nephrectomy, mimics the stages of human chronic renal failure (CRF), but the procedure causes severe renal functional and morphological damage that could interfere with the evaluation of therapies for slowing the progression of the disease. This study summarizes the results of renal function, histology, and immunohistochemical findings in rats undergoing a 2/3 nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were distributed in groups according to the type of nephrectomy: CRF5/6: induced by a 5/6 renal mass reduction and CRF2/3: less severe CRF. The body weight and blood pressure were monitored, and the serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (CCr), urine osmolality, and 24-h proteinuria (PT24h) were measured. CRF progression was evaluated by the rate of decline of CCr (RCCr). Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed in the remnant kidneys. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired t-test, and a P-value < 0.05 was taken as a statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the CRF5/6 group, the CRF2/3 model had a lower SCr, PT24h, CCr, and variations of the SCr from baseline. The disease progression was also significantly slower. The renal histopathological findings revealed fewer chronic lesions in rats with CRF2/3. Similarly, we observed less macrophage accumulation as well as lower proliferative activity and expression of fibronectin and a-smooth muscle-actin in the CRF2/3 model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CRF2/3 model presented with a pattern of less severe CRF, functionally and morphologically, compared to the classical CRF5/6 model, and the CRF2/3 model may be useful for evaluating therapeutic interventions that target the early stages of CRF.
authors.affiliation: a Medical School-Hospital de Base-FAMERP/FUNFARME, Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX . Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ida Mária Maximina
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Fernandes-Charpiot
authors.affiliation: a Medical School-Hospital de Base-FAMERP/FUNFARME, Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX . Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa Cristina
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.affiliation: a Medical School-Hospital de Base-FAMERP/FUNFARME, Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX . Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glória Elisa Florido
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: a Medical School-Hospital de Base-FAMERP/FUNFARME, Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX . Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomes de Sá Neto
authors.affiliation: a Medical School-Hospital de Base-FAMERP/FUNFARME, Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX . Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique Lacativa
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: a Medical School-Hospital de Base-FAMERP/FUNFARME, Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX . Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Alice Sperto Ferreira
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: a Medical School-Hospital de Base-FAMERP/FUNFARME, Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX . Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.|b Institute of Urology of Nephrology, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP , Brazil. Sao Jose Do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbud-Filho
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D005353:Fibronectins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat
keywords: chronic renal failure; experimental 5/6 nephrectomy; renal mass reduction