title: Raman Self-Frequency Shift of Dissipative Kerr Solitons in an Optical Microresonator.
abstract: The formation of temporal dissipative Kerr solitons in microresonators driven by a continuous-wave laser enables the generation of coherent, broadband, and spectrally smooth optical frequency combs as well as femtosecond pulse sources with compact form factors. Here we report the observation of a Raman-induced soliton self-frequency shift for a microresonator dissipative Kerr soliton also referred to as the frequency-locked Raman soliton. In amorphous silicon nitride microresonator-based single soliton states the Raman effect manifests itself by a spectrum that is sech^{2} in shape and whose center is spectrally redshifted from the continuous wave pump laser. The shift is theoretically described by the first-order shock term of the material's Raman response, and we infer a Raman shock time of ∼20  fs for amorphous silicon nitride. Moreover, we observe that the Raman-induced frequency shift can lead to a cancellation or overcompensation of the soliton recoil caused by the formation of a coherent dispersive wave. The observations are in agreement with numerical simulations based on the Lugiato-Lefever equation with a Raman shock term. Our results contribute to the understanding of Kerr frequency combs in the soliton regime, enable one to substantially improve the accuracy of modeling, and are relevant to the understanding of the fundamental timing jitter of microresonator solitons.
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karpov
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hairun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kordts
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brasch
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin H P
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zervas
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geiselmann
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kippenberg