title: Assessment of In Vivo Antidiabetic Properties of Umbelliferone and Lupeol Constituents of Banana (Musa sp. var. Nanjangud Rasa Bale) Flower in Hyperglycaemic Rodent Model.
abstract: Banana is an extensively cultivated plant worldwide, mainly for its fruit, while its ancillary product, the banana flower is consumed as a vegetable and is highly recommended for diabetics in the traditional Indian medicine system. This study is based on an investigation of the in vivo antihyperglycaemic activity of Umbelliferone (C1) and Lupeol (C2) isolated from the ethanol extract of banana flower (EF) in alloxan induced diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats which were administered with C1, C2 and EF (100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt.) for 4 weeks showed deterioration in fasting hyperglycaemia and reversal of abnormalities in serum/urine protein, urea and creatinine, when compared to the diabetic control group of rats. The diabetic group of rats fed with EF, C1 and C2 (100 mg/kg b. wt.) once daily, for a period of 28 days resulted in a significant reduction of diabetic symptoms viz., polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and urine sugar together with an improved body weight. HbA1c extent was reduced whereas levels of insulin and Hb were increased. Both the extract and compounds wielded positive impacts in diabetic rats by reversal of altered activities of hepatic marker enzymes viz., aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase); shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase); gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase) and pyruvate kinase. The characteristic diabetic complications such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia also significantly reverted to normal in the serum/liver of diabetic rats. Besides these, the treatment increased the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the serum and liver. The histological observations revealed a marked regeneration of the β-cells in the drug treated diabetic rats. In conclusion, the present study illustrates that EF, C1 and C2 enhances the glycolytic activities, besides increasing the hepatic glucose utilization in diabetic rats by stimulating insulin secretion from the remnant β-cells along with potential enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Post Graduate Centre, Ujire, Dakshina Kannada - 574240, Karnataka, India.|Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ramith
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prithvi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: S Shirahatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nanjunda Swamy
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: S
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Mahajana Life Science Research Centre, Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana PG Centre, Mysore - 570 016, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zameer
authors.affiliation: Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Emerging Technologies (CET), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara Dist, Karnataka-562112, India.
authors.forename: Bhadrapura
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lakkappa Dhananjaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nagendra Prasad
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: M N
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D028521:Musa / Q000737:chemistry*; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000094042:Lupanes
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase; D005947:Glucose; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin; D014468:Umbelliferones; C031477:7-hydroxycoumarin; C010480:lupeol; D000094042:Lupanes