title: Nutrient Intake in Vietnamese Preschool and School-Aged Children is Not Adequate: The Role of Dairy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The traditional Vietnamese diet carries the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and a substantial part of children <11 years do not meet the Vietnamese recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for a range of nutrients. Dairy products are known for their high nutrient density and milk in particular for its provision of high-quality protein and relevant concentrations of calcium, magnesium, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, and pantothenic acid.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of dairy to the overall nutrient intakes in the diets of Vietnamese children and to gain insight into factors affecting dairy consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food intake, including dairy, was assessed by a 24-hour recall in 2811 Vietnamese children clustered into 4 age-groups: 1.0 to 2.9, 3.0 to 5.9, 6.0 to 8.9, and 9.0 to 11.9 years, and dairy was categorized into 6 product groups based on available information in the Vietnamese food composition table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher dairy intake was associated with significantly higher intakes (in % estimated average requirement and %RDA) of all assessed nutrients, and largest effects and strongest associations were found for vitamin B2, calcium, vitamin D, fat, vitamin B1, protein, vitamin A, and zinc. Age, area of residence, and wealth status influenced the consumption of dairy products. Furthermore, age also influenced nutrient intake adequacy, which was generally lower at older age, especially after the age of 6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nutrient composition of the diet in especially Vietnamese school-aged children requires attention, and (fortified) dairy can play an important role in this.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and School Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Le Nguyen
authors.initials: le N
authors.lastname: Bao Khanh
authors.affiliation: FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, the Netherlands minke.burgers@frieslandcampina.com.
authors.forename: Minke R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Burgers
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and School Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huu Chinh
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and School Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Bui Van
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Tuoc
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and School Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dinh Dung
authors.affiliation: Lighthouse Training and Consultancies (LTC), Pantai Kok, Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deurenberg
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaafsma
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009753:Nutritive Value; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population; D014744:Vietnam; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: Vietnam; children; dairy consumption; dietary intake; sociodemographic factors