title: Revisiting the Topographic Anatomy of the Marginal Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve Relating to the Surgical Approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The marginal mandibular branch (Mbr) of the facial nerve is vulnerable to damage during rhytidoplasty, surgical reduction of the mandibular angle, parotidectomy, and excision of the submandibular gland.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to map the Mbr and determine the relationship between the number of Mbr offshoots and the course of the Mbr.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mbr was examined in 29 hemifaces from 12 embalmed and 4 fresh cadavers (10 males, 6 females; mean age, 73.7 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Mbr was located ≤5 mm from the gonion (Go) in 24 of 29 hemifaces (82.8%) and ≤10 mm from the intersection of the facial artery and mandible (ie, FM) in 26 hemifaces (89.7%). In 16 hemifaces (55.2%), offshoots arose from the Mbr inferior to the mandible. The Mbr ran below the Go in 14 hemifaces (48.3%) and ran below FM in 13 hemifaces (44.8%). Except for minute offshoots deep to the platysma, the Mbr was not found to pass >2 cm below the mandible. The mean (± standard deviation) quantity of Mbr offshoots was 1.5 (± 0.6). A greater number of offshoots was associated with a higher likelihood of an inferiorly located nerve. The Mbr proceeded under the lower border of the mandible in 13 hemifaces (44.8%) and reached the mandible at a mean distance of 33.1±5.2 mm anterior to the Go.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To avoid damaging the Mbr, surgical maneuvers should be positioned 4.5 cm anterior to the Go and 2 cm below the mandible.
authors.affiliation: Dr Yang is an Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Kim is a Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. Dr Park is a Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Dr Sohn is a Professor and Dr Ok is a Researcher, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. Dr Moon is an Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Woo is an Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Institution of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hun-Mu
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Dr Yang is an Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Kim is a Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. Dr Park is a Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Dr Sohn is a Professor and Dr Ok is a Researcher, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. Dr Moon is an Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Woo is an Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Institution of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Dr Yang is an Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Kim is a Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. Dr Park is a Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Dr Sohn is a Professor and Dr Ok is a Researcher, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. Dr Moon is an Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Woo is an Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Institution of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Dr Yang is an Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Kim is a Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. Dr Park is a Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Dr Sohn is a Professor and Dr Ok is a Researcher, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. Dr Moon is an Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Woo is an Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Institution of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Dr Yang is an Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Kim is a Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. Dr Park is a Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Dr Sohn is a Professor and Dr Ok is a Researcher, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. Dr Moon is an Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Woo is an Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Institution of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.affiliation: Dr Yang is an Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Kim is a Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. Dr Park is a Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Dr Sohn is a Professor and Dr Ok is a Researcher, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. Dr Moon is an Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Woo is an Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Institution of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Dr Yang is an Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Kim is a Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. Dr Park is a Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Dr Sohn is a Professor and Dr Ok is a Researcher, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. Dr Moon is an Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. Dr Woo is an Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Institution of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation*; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged