title: Antimutagenic Compounds of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Isolation and Structural Elucidation.
abstract: According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the main cause of mortality worldwide; thus, the search of chemopreventive compounds to prevent the disease has become a priority. White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been reported as a source of compounds with chemopreventive activities. In this study, shrimp lipids were extracted and then fractionated in order to isolate those compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity. The antimutagenic activity was assessed by the inhibition of the mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1 on TA98 and TA100 Salmonella tester strains using the Ames test. Methanolic fraction was responsible for the highest antimutagenic activity (95.6 and 95.9% for TA98 and TA100, resp.) and was further separated into fifteen different subfractions (M1-M15). Fraction M8 exerted the highest inhibition of AFB1 mutation (96.5 and 101.6% for TA98 and TA100, resp.) and, after further fractionation, four subfractions M8a, M8b, M8c, and M8d were obtained. Data from (1)H and (13)C NMR, and mass spectrometry analysis of fraction M8a (the one with the highest antimutagenic activity), suggest that the compound responsible for its antimutagenicity is an apocarotenoid.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal 1658, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico; Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carmen-María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: López-Saiz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, 91240 Xico, VER, Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal 1658, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco-Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cinco-Moroyoqui
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velázquez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Víctor-Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ocaño-Higuera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal 1658, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plascencia-Jatomea
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal 1658, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robles-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machi-Lara
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal 1658, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burgos-Hernández