title: Transcranial Doppler: Techniques and advanced applications: Part 2.
abstract: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is the only diagnostic tool that can provide continuous information about cerebral hemodynamics in real time and over extended periods. In the previous paper (Part 1), we have already presented the basic ultrasound physics pertaining to TCD, insonation methods, and various flow patterns. This article describes various advanced applications of TCD such as detection of right-to-left shunt, emboli monitoring, vasomotor reactivity (VMR), monitoring of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), monitoring of intracranial pressure, its role in stoke prevention in sickle cell disease, and as a supplementary test for confirmation of brain death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Zydus Hospital and BJ Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Arvind K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, BGS Global Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Lokesh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bathala
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Max Specialty Hopsital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Janakpuri Super-Specialty Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Man Mohan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mehndiratta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National University Hospital and YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Cerebral circulatory arrest; emboli; intracranial pressure (ICP); ischemic stroke; sickle-cell disease; transcranial Doppler (TCD); vasomotor reactivity (VMR); vasospasm