title: Assessing Rates of Inadequate Feeding Practices Among Children 12-24 months: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Myanmar.
abstract: Objectives To ensure proper nutrition and optimal health outcomes, it is critical that infants are exclusively breastfed (0-6 months) and then receive adequate feeding from 6-23 months (breastfeeding and frequent feedings of complementary foods). Despite policies and guidelines on adequate feeding in Myanmar, past research has found low rates of adequately fed infants 0-11 months and little is known about the adequacy of feeding practices for children 12-23 months. The aim of this study is to understand the feeding practices of children aged 0-24 months in Myanmar and maternal characteristics associated with adequate feeding practices. Methods This study examines the rates of adequately fed infants and young children (0-23 months) in hard-to-reach townships in Myanmar from a cross-sectional, multistage cluster survey. Survey data on nutritional practices were collected from 489 mothers. Data were analyzed using multivariate regressions. Results We found that 41.8 % of infants under 6 months were exclusively breastfed, 63.2 % of those aged 6-11 months were adequately fed, and 10.3 % of 12-23 month-olds were adequately fed. In multivariate regressions we found that antenatal care visits [1-4 visits, AOR = 6.59 (p < 0.01) and >4 visits, AOR = 6.63 (p < 0.05)] was associated with exclusive breastfeeding for under 6 month old infants. Having >4 antenatal care visits [AOR = 9.97 (p < 0.05)] was associated with adequate feeding for 6-11 months old infants. Conclusions Future nutritional interventions and policies should focus on improving messaging about adequate feeding practices, especially for 12-23 months olds.
authors.affiliation: Population Services International, Myanmar, No. 16, Shwe Gon Taing Street 4, Yangon, Myanmar (Burma).
authors.forename: May Me
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thet
authors.affiliation: Population Services International, Myanmar, No. 16, Shwe Gon Taing Street 4, Yangon, Myanmar (Burma).
authors.forename: Leah-Mari
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, Global Health Group/UCSF Global Health Sciences, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
authors.forename: May
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sudhinaraset
authors.affiliation: Population Services International, Myanmar, No. 16, Shwe Gon Taing Street 4, Yangon, Myanmar (Burma).
authors.forename: Naw Eh Thi
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Paw
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, Global Health Group/UCSF Global Health Sciences, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. nadia.diamond-smith@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diamond-Smith
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D002052:Myanmar / Q000453:epidemiology; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000208:ethnology*
keywords: Breastfeeding; Burma; Child feeding; Guidelines; Malnutrition