title: Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the Cantharellales.
abstract: Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the order Cantharellales were studied using sequence data from portions of the ribosomal DNA cluster regions ITS-LSU, rpb2, tef1, and atp6 for 50 taxa, and public sequence data from the rpb2 locus for 165 taxa. Data sets were analysed individually and combined using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference methods. All analyses supported the monophyly of the family Ceratobasidiaceae, which comprises the genera Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus. Multi-locus analysis revealed 10 well-supported monophyletic groups that were consistent with previous separation into anastomosis groups based on hyphal fusion criteria. This analysis coupled with analyses of a larger sample of 165 rpb2 sequences of fungi in the Cantharellales supported a sister relationship between the Botryobasidiaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae and a sister relationship of the Tulasnellaceae with the rest of the Cantharellales. The inclusion of additional sequence data did not clarify incongruences observed in previous studies of Rhizoctonia fungi in the Cantharellales based on analyses of a single or multiple genes. The diversity of ecological and morphological characters associated with these fungi requires further investigation on character evolution for re-evaluating homologous and homoplasious characters.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Electronic address: dolores.gonzalez@inecol.mx.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gónzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Campus Box 7251, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Marianela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Carres
authors.affiliation: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boekhout
authors.affiliation: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stalpers
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eiko E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kuramae
authors.affiliation: UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, CP 237, 18603-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Rytas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vilgalys
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Campus Box 7251, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cubeta
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases
keywords: Fungal plant pathogens; Multi-locus phylogeny; Rhizoctonia anamorphs; Rhizoctonia solani