title: Effectiveness of Global Postural Re-education in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Global postural re-education (GPR) has shown positive results for patients with musculoskeletal disorders, but no previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) has investigated its effectiveness as the sole procedure for adult patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain (NP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of applying GPR compared with a manual therapy (MT) intervention to patients with chronic nonspecific NP.
  
  
  METHODS
  An RCT was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four patients with chronic nonspecific NP (72 women and 22 men; average age=47.5 years, SD=11.3) were randomly assigned to receive either a GPR intervention or an MT intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain intensity (visual analog scale), disability (Neck Disability Index), cervical range of motion, and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia) were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental group received GPR, and the reference group received MT. Both groups received nine 60-minute-long sessions with one-to-one supervision from physical therapists as the care providers. All participants were asked to follow ergonomic advice and to perform home exercises. Measures were assessed before treatment, following treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No important baseline differences were found between groups. The experimental group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in pain following treatment and in disability 6 months after the intervention compared with the reference group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Randomization did not lead to completely homogeneous groups. It also was noted that the time spent integrating the movements practiced during the session into daily routines at the end of each session was requested only of participants in the GPR group and may have had an impact on patient adherence that contributed to a better outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that GPR was more effective than MT for reducing pain after treatment and for reducing disability at 6-month follow-up in patients with chronic nonspecific NP.
authors.affiliation: P. Pillastrini, PT, MSc, Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, via P. Palagi 9-40138 Bologna, Italy. paolo.pillastrini@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pillastrini
authors.affiliation: F. de Lima e Sá Resende, PT, PhD, Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Lima E Sá Resende
authors.affiliation: F. Banchelli, PhD, Department of Statistical Sciences Paolo Fortunati, University of Bologna.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Banchelli
authors.affiliation: A. Burioli, PT, Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burioli
authors.affiliation: E. Di Ciaccio, PT, Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Ciaccio
authors.affiliation: A.A. Guccione, PT, DPT, PhD, FAPTA, Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Guccione
authors.affiliation: J.H. Villafañe, PT, PhD, IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Jorge Hugo
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Villafañe
authors.affiliation: C. Vanti, PT, MSc, Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vanti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome