title: Prenatal ischemia deteriorates white matter, brain organization, and function: implications for prematurity and cerebral palsy.
abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders of posture and movement that are frequently associated with sensory, behavioral, and cognitive impairments. The clinical picture of CP has changed with improved neonatal care over the past few decades, resulting in higher survival rates of infants born very preterm. Children born preterm seem particularly vulnerable to perinatal hypoxia-ischemia insults at birth. Animal models of CP are crucial for elucidating underlying mechanisms and for development of strategies of neuroprotection and remediation. Most animal models of CP are based on hypoxia-ischemia around the time of birth. In this review, we focus on alterations of brain organization and functions, especially sensorimotor changes, induced by prenatal ischemia in rodents and rabbits, and relate these alterations to neurodevelopmental disorders found in preterm children. We also discuss recent literature that addresses the relationship between neural and myelin plasticity, as well as possible contributions of white matter injury to the emergence of brain dysfunctions induced by prenatal ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.|Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jacques-Olivier
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Coq
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delcour
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Vicky S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Massicotte
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Université Paris, Paris, France.|Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baud
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Barbe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D049188:Prenatal Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology