title: An Evaluation of Sensor Performance for Harmful Compounds by Using Photo-Induced Electron Transfer from Photosynthetic Membranes to Electrodes.
abstract: Rapid, simple, and low-cost screening procedures are necessary for the detection of harmful compounds in the effluent that flows out of point sources such as industrial outfall. The present study investigated the effects on a novel sensor of harmful compounds such as KCN, phenol, and herbicides such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine (atrazine), and 2-N-tert-butyl-4-N-ethyl-6-methylsulfanyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (terbutryn). The sensor employed an electrode system that incorporated the photocurrent of intra-cytoplasmic membranes (so-called chromatophores) prepared from photosynthetic bacteria and linked using carbon paste electrodes. The amperometric curve (photocurrent-time curve) of photo-induced electron transfer from chromatophores of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides to the electrode via an exogenous electron acceptor was composed of two characteristic phases: an abrupt increase in current immediately after illumination (I₀), and constant current over time (Ic). Compared with other redox compounds, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) was the most useful exogenous electron acceptor in this system. Photo-reduction of DCBQ exhibited Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, and reduction rates were dependent on the amount of DCBQ and the photon flux intensity. The Ic decreased in the presence of KCN at concentrations over 0.05 μM (=μmol·dm(-3)). The I₀ decreased following the addition of phenol at concentrations over 20 μM. The Ic was affected by terbutryn at concentrations over 10 μM. In contrast, DCMU and atrazine had no effect on either I₀ or Ic. The utility of this electrode system for the detection of harmful compounds is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan. kasuno@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan. c8w5k8@bma.biglobe.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan. rhodobacter.sphaeroides.hy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasutomo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. torimura-masaki@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torimura
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. daisuke.murakami0302@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan. tsukatani@elsi.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukatani
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. s-hanada@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan. t-matsu@hcn.zaq.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. hiro-tao@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002856:Chromatophores / Q000737:chemistry*; D003486:Cyanides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D004566:Electrodes; D006540:Herbicides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D010788:Photosynthesis; D012242:Rhodobacter sphaeroides / Q000737:chemistry; D014227:Triazines / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D003486:Cyanides; D006540:Herbicides; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010636:Phenols; D014227:Triazines; D001280:Atrazine; C010347:terbutryne
keywords: Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; carbon paste electrode; chromatophore; harmful compounds; photo-induced electron transfer