title: Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Developing Hypertension in a Working-Age Male Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is one of the main comorbidities associated with dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the extent to which dyslipidemia increases the risk of developing hypertension in a Japanese working-age male population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed data from 14 215 nonhypertensive male workers (age 38±9 years) who underwent annual medical checkups. Subjects were followed up for a median of 4 years to determine new-onset hypertension, defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. The associations between serum lipid levels and development of hypertension were examined. During the follow-up period, 1483 subjects developed hypertension. After adjusting for age, body mass index, impaired fasting glucose/diabetes, baseline BP category, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, and parental history of hypertension, subjects with a total cholesterol (TC) level ≥222 mg/dL were at a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.56) compared to subjects with a TC level ≤167 mg/dL. Similar results were observed for subjects with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels. A U-shaped relationship was found between HDLC level and risk of hypertension; compared to the third quintile, the multiadjusted hazard ratio was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.03-1.43) in the lowest quintile and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.12-1.60) in the highest quintile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum levels of TC, LDLC, and non-HDLC were associated with an increased risk of hypertension in working-age Japanese men. For HDLC, risk of hypertension was increased at both low and high levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan otsuka@nms.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Industrial Safety and Health Center, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eitaro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kodani
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saiki
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D066192:Manufacturing Industry; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: cohort study; hypertension; lipids; prediction; risk factor