title: Food IgG4 antibodies are elevated not only in children with wheat allergy but also in children with gastrointestinal diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food sIgG and sIgG4 are highly individually versatile. We put a hypothesis that one of the responsible factors is the presence of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. The objectives were: 1. An analysis of wheat and rice sIgG and sIgG4 in healthy children, children with IgE-mediated wheat allergy (WA), coeliac disease (CD) and Helicobacter pylori infection (HP). 2. Usability of wheat sIgG and sIgG4 in the WA diagnostics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared 388 each wheat and rice sIgG and sIgG4 in a group of 200 children: 50 WA (diagnosis, diet treatment, tolerance), 50 CD (diagnosis and remission), 50 HP and 50 healthy. SIgE, sIgG, sIgG4 were determined with the FEIA method (Pharmacia CAP System).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In healthy children food sIgG were the lowest; no sIgG4 were found. In the CD diagnosis group wheat and rice sIgG and rice sIgG4 were the most common and their concentrations were the highest (p < .001, p < .05). Wheat sIgG4 were the highest in WA children (diagnosis and tolerance) to fall during the elimination diet (p < .05). Wheat and rice sIgG remained the same in all allergy phases. Rice sIgG also did not differ in the class G4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Serum concentrations of wheat and rice sIgG and sIgG4 are elevated in children with CD, HP and WA. 2. Sub-clinical incidence of some gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases may be responsible for high individual versatility of food sIgG and sIgG4 concentrations in serum. 3. Wheat sIgG and sIgG4 in children do not correlate with WA clinical picture.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics and Pediatric Nursery Unit of The Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland. grazyna.bulsa@wp.pl.|Division of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Rheumatology of The "Zdroje" Hospital in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland. grazyna.bulsa@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Czaja-Bulsa
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics and Pediatric Nursery Unit of The Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulsa
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Rheumatology of The "Zdroje" Hospital in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.|Independent Laboratory of Propaedeutics in Paediatrics of The Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gębala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012275:Oryza / Q000276:immunology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000276:immunology*; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Children; Coeliac disease; Helicobacter pylori infection; Specific IgG; Specific IgG4; Wheat allergy