title: Invited Commentary.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Electronic address: schaff@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Hartzell V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Schaff
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000601:surgery*