title: Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) Induces Lamellar Separation and Alters Sphingolipid Metabolism of In Vitro Cultured Hoof Explants.
abstract: One of the most important hoof diseases is laminitis. Yet, the pathology of laminitis is not fully understood. Different bacterial toxins, e.g. endotoxins or exotoxins, seem to play an important role. Additionally, ingestion of mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, might contribute to the onset of laminitis. In this respect, fumonsins are of special interest since horses are regarded as species most susceptible to this group of mycotoxins. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) on primary isolated epidermal and dermal hoof cells, as well as on the lamellar tissue integrity and sphingolipid metabolism of hoof explants in vitro. There was no effect of FB₁ at any concentration on dermal or epidermal cells. However, FB₁ significantly reduced the separation force of explants after 24 h of incubation. The Sa/So ratio was significantly increased in supernatants of explants incubated with FB₁ (2.5-10 µg/mL) after 24 h. Observed effects on Sa/So ratio were linked to significantly increased sphinganine concentrations. Our study showed that FB₁ impairs the sphingolipid metabolism of explants and reduces lamellar integrity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. FB₁ might, therefore, affect hoof health. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of FB₁ on the equine hoof in more detail.
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria. nicole.reisinger@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reisinger
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria. ilse.dohnal@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dohnal
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria. veronika.nagl@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagl
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria. simone.schaumberger@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaumberger
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria. gerd.schatzmayr@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schatzmayr
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln 3430, Austria. e.mayer@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D013107:Sphingolipids; C056933:fumonisin B1
keywords: Sa/So ratio; fumonisin; hoof explants; horses; laminitis