title: A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology.
abstract: Stroke affecting white matter accounts for up to 25% of clinical stroke presentations, occurs silently at rates that may be 5-10 fold greater, and contributes significantly to the development of vascular dementia. Few models of focal white matter stroke exist and this lack of appropriate models has hampered understanding of the neurobiologic mechanisms involved in injury response and repair after this type of stroke. The main limitation of other subcortical stroke models is that they do not focally restrict the infarct to the white matter or have primarily been validated in non-murine species. This limits the ability to apply the wide variety of murine research tools to study the neurobiology of white matter stroke. Here we present a methodology for the reliable production of a focal stroke in murine white matter using a local injection of an irreversible eNOS inhibitor. We also present several variations on the general protocol including two unique stereotactic variations, retrograde neuronal tracing, as well as fresh tissue labeling and dissection that greatly expand the potential applications of this technique. These variations allow for multiple approaches to analyze the neurobiologic effects of this common and understudied form of stroke.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: M Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Doroudchi
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gleichman
authors.forename: Kwan L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Irene L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Llorente
authors.forename: Elif G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Sozmen
authors.forename: S Thomas
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.affiliation: JHinman@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hinman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009952:Ornithine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D020521:Stroke / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D066127:White Matter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C065027:N(G)-iminoethylornithine; D009952:Ornithine; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse