title: Monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG/CXCL9) is an independent prognostic factor in newly diagnosed myeloma.
abstract: Immune suppression is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM), but data on soluble factors involved in the fate of immune effector cells are limited. The CXCR3-binding chemokine monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG/CXCL9) has been associated with tumor progression, immune escape, and angiogenesis in several malignancies. We here aimed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of MIG in MM. MIG serum levels were significantly elevated in newly diagnosed MM patients (n = 105) compared to patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 37). MIG expression in stromal compartments but not purified MM cells correlated with serum levels. High MIG serum levels were significantly associated with established prognostic markers (international staging system: R = 0.25, p = 0.001; age: R = 0.47, p < 0.0001; lactate-dehydrogenase: R = 0.34, p = 0.0005) and poor overall survival (OS) (median OS 17.0 months vs. not reached, p < 0.001). A similar association was found for CXCL10 and CXCL11. Multivariate regression analysis indicated MIG as an independent prognostic factor of OS.
authors.affiliation: a Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Hematology , Wilhelminen Hospital , Vienna , Austria ;
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bolomsky
authors.affiliation: a Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Hematology , Wilhelminen Hospital , Vienna , Austria ;
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schreder
authors.affiliation: b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Wilhelminen Hospital , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hübl
authors.affiliation: a Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Hematology , Wilhelminen Hospital , Vienna , Austria ;
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zojer
authors.affiliation: a Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Hematology , Wilhelminen Hospital , Vienna , Austria ;
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hilbe
authors.affiliation: a Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Hematology , Wilhelminen Hospital , Vienna , Austria ;
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011485:Protein Binding; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3
keywords: CXCL10; CXCL11; CXCL9; MIG; multiple myeloma; prognosis