title: Social anhedonia and gamma band abnormalities as a composite/multivariate endophenotype for schizophrenia: a dense array EEG study.
abstract: Social anhedonia and gamma band oscillations are proposed as a promising endophenotype for schizophrenia (SZ). The aim was to assess whether social anhedonia and spontaneous gamma band oscillations could be used as multivariate/composite endophenotypic measures for SZ.
  
  
  
  Sixty consented subjects, of which 20 remitted SZ patients, 20 unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia (US) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for the study. The Revised Social Anhedonia Scale, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire assessed social anhedonia, temporal experience of pleasure and schizotypal features. All participants underwent awake, resting state 192-channel dense array electroencephalographic recording. Gamma spectral power and coherence were calculated. We performed chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearsons correlation coefficient and step-by-step linear discriminant functional analysis.
  
  
  
  Social anhedonia was significantly higher and anticipatory aspects of pleasure were significantly lower in both SZ and US compared with HC. US scored significantly higher than HC in the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Spectral power of high gamma band (>70 Hz) was significantly lower over the right temporo-parietal and midline regions in both SZ and US than HC. We accurately classified (85%) three groups when social anhedonia, high gamma band spectral power of midline, right frontal and right fronto-temporal interhemispheric gamma coherence were considered as composite measures rather than each variable representing independently.
  
  
  
  We propose region-specific high gamma spectral 'power and coherence' and social anhedonia as composite/multivariate measures could be a useful measure in distinguishing schizophrenia patients and unaffected siblings from healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India.
authors.forename: Shreekantiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umesh
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India.
authors.forename: S Haque
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nizamie
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India.
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India.
authors.forename: Saikrishna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tikka
authors.affiliation: KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India.
authors.forename: Swarnali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059445:Anhedonia / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D058068:Endophenotypes; D065818:Gamma Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057181:Pleasure / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035781:Siblings; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: composite endophenotype; gamma oscillations; schizophrenia; social anhedonia