title: Elemental bioimaging and speciation analysis for the investigation of Wilson's disease using μXRF and XANES.
abstract: A liver biopsy specimen from a Wilson's disease (WD) patient was analyzed by means of micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) spectroscopy to determine the elemental distribution. First, bench-top μXRF was utilized for a coarse scan of the sample under laboratory conditions. The resulting distribution maps of copper and iron enabled the determination of a region of interest (ROI) for further analysis. In order to obtain more detailed elemental information, this ROI was analyzed by synchrotron radiation (SR)-based μXRF with a beam size of 4 μm offering a resolution at the cellular level. Distribution maps of additional elements to copper and iron like zinc and manganese were obtained due to a higher sensitivity of SR-μXRF. In addition to this, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) was performed to identify the oxidation states of copper in WD. This speciation analysis indicated a mixture of copper(i) and copper(ii) within the WD liver tissue.
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany. uk@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hachmöller
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ana Guilherme
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Buzanich
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aichler
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany. uk@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Dörthe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwamborn
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Institut für Klinische Pathologie, Breisacher Straße 115a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Institut für Klinische Pathologie, Breisacher Straße 115a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany. uk@uni-muenster.de and European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Mendelstraße. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walch
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany. uk@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karst
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc