title: Serum IFN-γ-inducible chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 are elevated in non-immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recruitment to the skin of drug-responsive T cells is responsible for the inflammatory profiles of non-immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (niDHRs). Maculopapular exanthema (MPE) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) have quite distinct T cell infiltrating patterns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and IFN-γ in patients with niDHRs, including MPE and SJS/TEN, to evaluate correlations between the cytokines, and to determine whether the inflammatory factors correlate with clinical severity in patients with SJS/TEN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with SJS/TEN, 24 patients with MPE, and 24 healthy donors with good tolerance to the drugs involved in the drug reactions were recruited into the study. The modified severity-of-illness score for TEN (SCORTEN) and detachment of body surface area (dBSA) were used to assess the clinical severity of SJS/TEN. Serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and IFN-? were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The niDHRs group, SJS/TEN and MPE subgroups all exhibited significantly higher levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and IFN-γ compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Serum IFN-γ levels were positively correlated with CXCL9 levels and CXCL10 levels in patients with niDHRs (rs = 0.576, rs = 0.449, P < 0.05). None of the levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and IFN-γ had any correlation with modified SCOTEN index or dBSA in SJS/TEN group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest Th1 cytokine IFN-γ and chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 may play roles in the pathogenesis of niDHRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Renxin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Dingyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yanting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xingqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D007371:Interferon-gamma