title: Influence of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms Eisenia fetida and taxonomic diversity of the gut microflora.
abstract: The study was conducted to examine the effect of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms Eisenia fetida and composition of the gut microflora. Analysis of the survival data has shown that the introduction of high doses of the nanoparticles causes death of worms in the second group with 35 % mortality rate and activates protective mechanisms realized as mucous film. DNA from the worm guts was extracted and 16S metagenomic sequencing was fulfilled using MiSeq (Illumina). Regarding the gut microflora of worms in the control group, high diversity of microorganisms (303 OTUs) was noted. Most of those belong to the taxa Firmicutes (51.9 % of the total high-quality united reads), Proteobacteria (24.1 % of the total), and Actinobacteria (13.3 % of the total), which were represented by numerous species of gen. Clostridium (C. saccharobutylicum, C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum, C. beijerinckii), gen. Pseudomonas (P. hydrogenovora, P. aeruginosa, and P. putida), gen. Bacillus (B. megaterium, B. silvestris), gen. Cellulomonas (B. megaterium, B. silvestris), and other numerically smaller genera. Adding of zinc nanoparticles to the substrate decreased the diversity of bacteria (78 OTUs) as well as percentage of bacteria belonging to the taxon Firmicutes (-41.6 %) and increased the proportion of Proteobacteria due to growth in abundance of gen. Verminephrobacter (+46 %) and gen. Ochrobactrum (+19.5 %).
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding, 29, 9-Yanvarya Street, Orenburg, Russia, 460000. vasilena56@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Еlena
authors.initials: Е
authors.lastname: Yausheva
authors.affiliation: Orenburg State University, Pobedy pr. 13, Orenburg, Russia, 460018.|All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding, 29, 9-Yanvarya Street, Orenburg, Russia, 460000.
authors.forename: Еlena
authors.initials: Е
authors.lastname: Sizova
authors.affiliation: Orenburg State University, Pobedy pr. 13, Orenburg, Russia, 460018.|All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding, 29, 9-Yanvarya Street, Orenburg, Russia, 460000.
authors.forename: Svyatoslav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lebedev
authors.affiliation: Orenburg State University, Pobedy pr. 13, Orenburg, Russia, 460018.
authors.forename: Anatoliy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skalny
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding, 29, 9-Yanvarya Street, Orenburg, Russia, 460000.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miroshnikov
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, 11, Pionerskaya Street, Orenburg, Russia, 460000.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plotnikov
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, 11, Pionerskaya Street, Orenburg, Russia, 460000.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khlopko
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics RAS, 2/31 Lobachevskogo Street, Kazan, Russia, 420111.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gogoleva
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, 11, Pionerskaya Street, Orenburg, Russia, 460000.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cherkasov
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D056186:Metagenomics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D015032:Zinc
keywords: 16S metagenome; Eisenia fetida; High-throughput sequencing; Microcrystalline cellulose; Microflora; Nanoparticles; Taxa; Zinc