title: Pu-erh Tea Extract Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Foam Cell Formation in Primary Cultured Monocytes: An in Vitro Mechanistic Study.
abstract: In this study, the mechanisms by which pu-erh tea extract (PETE) attenuates nicotine-induced foam cell formation were investigated. Monocytes were purified from healthy individuals using commercial antibodies coated with magnetic beads. We found that the nicotine-induced (1-10 μM) expression of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptors (ox-LDLRs) and α9-nAchRs in monocytes was significantly attenuated by 24 h of PETE (10 μg/mL; ∗, p < 0.05) cotreatment. Nicotine (1 μM for 24 h) significantly induced the expression of the surface adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the monocyte integrin adhesion molecule (CD11b) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and triggered monocytes to differentiate into macrophages via interactions with the endothelium. After treatment with nicotine (0.1-10 μM for 24 h), the HUVECs released chemotactic factors (IL-8) to attract monocytes into the tunica intima of the artery, and the monocytes then transformed into foam cells. We demonstrated that PETE treatment (>1 μg/mL for 24 h; ∗, p < 0.05) significantly attenuates nicotine-induced (1 μM) monocyte migration toward HUVECs and foam cell formation. This study suggests that tea components effectively attenuate the initial step (foam cell formation) of nicotine-induced atherosclerosis in circulating monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Breast Medical Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Hsin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Yao
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Hou
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Jui
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Kuang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University , Chiayi City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whang-Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Surgery, En Chu Kong Hospital , New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D013662:Tea; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: atherosclerosis; foam cell; tea components; α9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor