title: Nanocarbon Allotropes-Graphene and Nanocrystalline Diamond-Promote Cell Proliferation.
abstract: Two profoundly different carbon allotropes - nanocrystalline diamond and graphene - are of considerable interest from the viewpoint of a wide range of biomedical applications including implant coating, drug and gene delivery, cancer therapy, and biosensing. Osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on nanocrystalline diamond and graphene are compared under various conditions such as differences in wettability, topography, and the presence or absence of protein interlayers between cells and the substrate. The materials are characterized in detail by means of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. In vitro experiments have revealed a significantly higher degree of cell proliferation on graphene than on nanocrystalline diamond and a tissue culture polystyrene control material. Proliferation is promoted, in particular, by hydrophobic graphene with a large number of nanoscale wrinkles independent of the presence of a protein interlayer, i.e., substrate fouling is not a problematic issue in this respect. Nanowrinkled hydrophobic graphene, thus, exhibits superior characteristics for those biomedical applications where high cell proliferation is required under differing conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic.|Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verdanova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v. v. i, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Technicka 2, 166 27, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Bohuslav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rezek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v. v. i, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Egor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ukraintsev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v. v. i, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Babchenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v. v. i, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artemenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v. v. i, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v. v. i, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kromka
authors.affiliation: J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i, Dolejskova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalbac
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic.|Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hubalek Kalbacova
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018130:Diamond / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006108:Graphite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018130:Diamond; D006108:Graphite
keywords: carbon allotropes; cell adhesion; cell proliferation; graphene; nanocrystalline diamonds