title: Prognostic factors associated with the success rates of posterior orthodontic miniscrew implants: A subgroup meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review previous studies and to assess, via a subgroup meta-analysis, the combined odds ratio (OR) of prognostic factors affecting the success of miniscrew implants (MIs) inserted into the buccal posterior region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three electronic searches that were limited to articles on clinical human studies using MIs that were published in English prior to March 2015 were conducted. The outcome measure was the success of MIs. Patient factors included age, sex, and jaw of insertion (maxilla vs. mandible), while the MI factors included length and diameter. A meta-analysis was performed on 17 individual studies. The quality of each study was assessed for non-randomized studies and quantified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis outcome was a combined OR. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses based on the study design, study quality, and sample size of miniscrews implanted were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher success rates were revealed for MIs inserted in the maxilla, for patients ≥ 20 years of age, and for long MIs (≥ 8 mm) and MIs with a large diameter (> 1.4 mm). All subgroups acquired homogeneity, and the combined OR of the prospective studies (OR, 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10-6.44) was significantly higher in the maxilla than that in the retrospective studies (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.60-2.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When a treatment plan is made, these risk factors, i.e. jaw of insertion, age, MI length, and MI diameter, should be taken into account, while sex is not critical to the success of MIs.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Budi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kusnoto
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: BeGole
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.; Dental Science Reseach Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.; Dental Science Reseach Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoi-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lim
keywords: Miniscrew implant; Prognostic factor; Subgroup meta-analysis; Success rate