title: Revisiting Surface Modification of Graphite: Dual-Layer Coating for High-Performance Lithium Battery Anode Materials.
abstract: Surface modification of electrode active materials has garnered considerable attention as a facile way to meet stringent requirements of advanced lithium-ion batteries. Here, we demonstrated a new coating strategy based on dual layers comprising antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles and carbon. The ATO nanoparticles are synthesized via a hydrothermal method and act as electronically conductive/electrochemically active materials. The as-synthesized ATO nanoparticles are introduced on natural graphite along with citric acid used as a carbon precursor. After carbonization, the carbon/ATO-decorated natural graphite (c/ATO-NG) is produced. In the (carbon/ATO) dual-layer coating, the ATO nanoparticles coupled with the carbon layer exhibit unprecedented synergistic effects. The resultant c/ATO-NG anode materials display significant improvements in capacity (530 mA h g(-1) ), cycling retention (capacity retention of 98.1 % after 50 cycles at a rate of C/5), and low electrode swelling (volume expansion of 38 % after 100 cycles) which outperform that of typical graphite materials. Furthermore, a full-cell consisting of a c/ATO-NG anode and an LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 cathode presents excellent cycle retention (capacity retention of >80 % after 100 cycles). We envision that the dual-layer coating concept proposed herein opens a new route toward high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyujin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea.
authors.forename: Jaegeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea.
authors.forename: Seunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, SJ Advanced Materials Co., LTD., 92 Bancheonsaneop-ro, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44936, Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Man
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea.
authors.forename: Sinho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea.
authors.forename: Myoungsoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea. syleek@unist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea. spark@unist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Soojin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: anode materials; antimony-doped tin oxide; carbon; dual-layer coating; graphite; lithium-ion batteries