title: Toxicological interactions of silver nanoparticles and organochlorine pesticides in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: Nanotechnology occupies a prominent space in economy and science due to the beneficial properties of nanomaterials. However, nanoparticles may pose risks to living organisms due to their adsorption and pro-oxidative properties. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), as well as their combined effects on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages were isolated and exposed to three concentrations of AgNPs (groups: N1 = 30, N2 = 300 and N3 = 3000 ng.ml(-1)), two concentrations of OCPs (groups: P1 = 30 and P2 = 300 ng.ml(-1)) and the six possible combinations of these two contaminants for 24 h. AgNPs had irregular shape, Feret diameter of 8.7 ± 7.5 nm and zeta potential of -28.7 ± 3.9 mV in water and -10.7 ± 1.04 mV in culture medium. OCP mixtures and the lower concentrations of AgNPs had no detectable effects on cell parameters, but the highest AgNPs concentration showed high toxicity (trypan blue and MTT assays) resulting in morphological changes, increase of nitric oxide levels and phagocytic index. Foremost, the association of N3 and P2 led to distinct effects from those observed under single exposure.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil .
authors.forename: Andressa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glinski
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil .
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liebel
authors.affiliation: b Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski , Québec , Canada , and.
authors.forename: Èmilien
authors.initials: È
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: c Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Setor de Ciências Exatas e Naturais , Ponta Grossa , PR , Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen Lucia
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil .
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Ferreira
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Randi
authors.affiliation: c Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Setor de Ciências Exatas e Naturais , Ponta Grossa , PR , Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro Xavier
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil .
authors.forename: Ciro Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Oliveira Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil .
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Filipak Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000633:toxicity*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012834:Silver
keywords: Mixture effects; mouse peritoneal macrophages; organochlorine pesticides; silver nanoparticles; toxicity