title: Board-Certified Oncology Pharmacists: Their Potential Contribution to Reducing a Shortfall in Oncology Patient Visits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With an aging US population, the number of patients who need cancer treatment will increase significantly by 2020. On the basis of a predicted shortage of oncology physicians, nonphysician health care practitioners will need to fill the shortfall in oncology patient visits, and nurse practitioners and physician assistants have already been identified for this purpose. This study proposes that appropriately trained oncology pharmacists can also contribute. The purpose of this study is to estimate the supply of Board of Pharmacy Specialties-certified oncology pharmacists (BCOPs) and their potential contribution to the care of patients with cancer through 2020.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding accredited oncology pharmacy residencies, new BCOPs, and total BCOPs were used to estimate oncology residencies, new BCOPs, and total BCOPs through 2020. A Delphi panel process was used to estimate patient visits, identify patient care services that BCOPs could provide, and study limitations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 2020, there will be an estimated 3,639 BCOPs, and approximately 62% of BCOPs will have completed accredited oncology pharmacy residencies. Delphi panelists came to consensus (at least 80% agreement) on eight patient care services that BCOPs could provide. Although the estimates given by our model indicate that BCOPs could provide 5 to 7 million 30-minute patient visits annually, sensitivity analysis, based on factors that could reduce potential visit availability resulted in 2.5 to 3.5 million visits by 2020 with the addition of BCOPs to the health care team.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BCOPs can contribute to a projected shortfall in needed patient visits for cancer treatment. BCOPs, along with nurse practitioners and physician assistants could substantially reduce, but likely not eliminate, the shortfall of providers needed for oncology patient visits.
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD robert.ignoffo@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ignoffo
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Sally Yowell
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Barbour
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Lew
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacovelli
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Jasen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Susannah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Koontz
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Dayna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: O'Bryant
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scarpace
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.affiliation: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA; Touro College and University System, New York; Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook; Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Duke University Hospital, Durham; Cone Health Cancer Center Pharmacy, Greensboro, NC; New England Cancer Specialists, Brunswick, ME; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR; Koontz Oncology Consulting, Houston, TX; St Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO; Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL; and University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Trovato
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards*; D024382:Professional Role; D013044:Specialty Boards