title: The Utilisation of Music by Casino Managers: An Interview Study.
abstract: Music is ubiquitous in retail and commercial environments, with some managers believing that music can enhance the customer experience, increase footfall and sales and improve consumer satisfaction. Casino gambling is popular in the United Kingdom and anecdotal evidence suggests that music is often present. However, little is known about the rationale for music use from the perspective of casino managers. In this study semi-structured interviews were conducted with five casino managers to establish their motivations for utilising music, the factors informing their choice of music and the extent to which music is used with the intention of influencing gambling behaviour. Results showed that casino managers utilised two types of music-recorded background music, often sourced via external music supply companies and live music. Live music was often situated away from the gaming floor and used primarily to accompany participation in non-gambling activities. Recorded background music was not used with the direct aim of influencing customers' gambling behaviour, but to create the right atmosphere for gambling and to promote certain moods within the casinos. To achieve these aims casino managers manipulated the tempo, volume and genre of the recorded background music. Casino managers also reported that some gamblers listen to music via portable music players, possibly with the intention of customising their gambling experience. This study is unique as it has provided a first-hand account of casino managers' implicit theories with regards to why they utilise music and the roles which music is considered to fulfil in casinos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, The University of Sheffield, Jessop Building, 34 Leavygreave Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7RD, England, UK. stephanie.bramley@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bramley
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, The University of Sheffield, Jessop Building, 34 Leavygreave Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7RD, England, UK.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dibben
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TP, England, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009146:Music; D011998:Recreation; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Background music; Casino managers; Function of music; Gambling; Interviews; Qualitative