title: Fish Oil-Based Fat Emulsion Reduces Acute Kidney Injury and Inflammatory Response in Antibiotic-Treated Polymicrobial Septic Mice.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in sepsis. This study compared the effects of a fish oil-based with a mixed oil fat emulsion on remote renal injury in an antibiotic-treated septic murine model. Mice were randomly assigned to a normal control (NC) group and three septic groups. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The antibiotic was injected intraperitoneally (IP) after CLP and then daily till the time of sacrifice. Three hours after antibiotic treatment, one of the septic groups was injected IP with a fish oil-based emulsion (FO), while the other two groups were given either a mixed oil emulsion (MO) or saline (SC). The septic groups were further divided into two separate time groups, with blood and kidneys samples collected at 24 h or 72 h post-CLP. The results showed that sepsis leads to the activation of neutrophils, T helper (Th)1/Th-2/Th-17 and Treg cells (p < 0.05). Plasma NGAL and mRNA expressions of renal MyD88 and TLR4 were also enhanced (p < 0.05). Compared to the SC group, the group given the fish oil-based emulsion had decreased plasma NGAL by 22% and Treg by 33%. Furthermore, renal gene expressions of MyD88 and TLR4 reduced by 46% and 62%, respectively, whereas heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ increased by 158% and 69%, respectively (p < 0.05), at Day 3 after CLP. These results suggest that administration of a fish oil-based emulsion has favorable effects, maintaining blood T cell percentage, downregulating Treg expression, attenuating systemic and local inflammation and offering renal protection under conditions of antibiotic-treated polymicrobial sepsis.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. shihcvs@gmail.com.|Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 11073, Taiwan. shihcvs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juey-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. yaomingshih2@gmail.com.|Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 11073, Taiwan. yaomingshih2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yao-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. pai0507@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Man-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. b006089078@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan. m8707008@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Chiu-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. sangling@tmu.edu.tw.|Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. sangling@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sung-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011677:Punctures; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005395:Fish Oils; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014280:Triglycerides; C568345:fish oil triglycerides
keywords: NGAL; Treg cells; acute kidney injury; inflammation; n-3 PUFA; polymicrobial sepsis