title: Xenobiotic Pathway Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Gastric Cancer in High Risk Mizo-Mongoloid Population, Northeast India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer associated with individual or combined glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) polymorphism and their interaction with environmental factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping by PCR was carried out for 80 cases and controls each for GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism and mapped for gene-environment association studies. The samples were subjected to pathogen detection and GSTP1 expression for analyzing their association with different genotypes. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compute the influence of both genetic and environmental factors for gastric cancer. MDR analysis was performed to assess the risk of gastric cancer by studying the gene-gene and gene-environment effect on the basis of GST genotyping and GSTP1 gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection with Helicobacter pylori and CagA+ strains was more frequent in patients with GSTM1/T1 null genotype. Intake of high fermented fat and smoked meat was found to be significantly associated with gastric cancer. The G/G, A/G (rs1695), and T/T (rs1138272) were found to be significantly associated with low expression of GSTP1 gene in cancer tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of H. pylori with CagA genotype showed significant individual effect with GSTT1 polymorphism as well as strong synergistic effect in gastric cancer risk. Majority of the gastric cancer samples showed significant negative expression in G/G, A/G (rs1695), and T/T (rs1138272) genotypes. This study shows that GST gene polymorphism was significantly relevant for determining the individual susceptibility to gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghatak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Prakash
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: Freda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lalrohlui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: Payel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Soumee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sudakshina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Madhusudan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pautu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zohmingthanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: Nachimuthu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senthil Kumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi
keywords: 
  CagA
  ; 
  Helicobacter pylori
  ; 
  glutathione S-transferases
  ; Gastric cancer; Mizo-Mongoloid; polymorphisms