title: Pathoanatomy and computed tomography classification of glenoid fossa fractures based on ninety patients.
abstract: The aim of the article is to present the pathoanatomy and a new classification of glenoid fractures developed on the basis of analysis of 3D computed tomography (CT) examinations and intra-operative findings.
  
  
  
  The study group comprised 90 patients (69 men and 21 women) who sustained glenoid fractures. Mean patient age was 47 years (17-92). In 77 nonpolytraumatised patients, anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the affected shoulder girdle were taken, including Neer I and II views. All 90 patients underwent CT examination, combined in 73 of them with 3D CT reconstruction including subtraction of the humeral head, ribs and clavicle, from the anterior and posterolateral views. In total, 52 patients (58 %) were operated on and 38 42 %) were treated non-operatively.
  
  
  
  In total, five basic types of injuries to the glenoid were identified based on analysis of the separated portion of the glenoid fossa: including fractures of the superior glenoid (14 cases, 16 %), the anterior glenoid (23 cases, 23 %), the posterior rim of the glenoid (5 cases, 6 %), the inferior glenoid (38 cases, 42 %) and the entire glenoid (10 cases, 11 %).
  
  
  
  The proposed classification of glenoid fractures defines five basic types of fractures verified by 3D CT reconstructions and intra-operative findings. It respects the anatomical architecture of scapula, fracture mechanism, associated injuries to the shoulder girdle and, where appropriate, the preferred surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Central Military Hospital, Charles University Prague, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic. bartonicek.jan@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartoníček
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Central Military Hospital, Charles University Prague, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuček
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Central Military Hospital, U Vojenskénemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klika
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Central Military Hospital, Charles University Prague, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Antonín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chochola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D061165:Glenoid Cavity / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CT; Classification; Fractures; Glenoid fossa; Scapular