title: Asiatic acid attenuated apoptotic and inflammatory stress in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice.
abstract: The effects of post-treatments with asiatic acid (AA) at 20, 40 or 80 mg per kg BW per day against apoptotic, oxidative and inflammatory injury in the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice were examined. The results showed that AA supplements at 40 and 80 mg per kg BW per day increased AA deposit in the striatum, increased glutathione content and decreased reactive oxygen species production in the striatum. AA supplements at 20-80 mg per kg BW per day dose-dependently lowered striatal levels of nitric oxide, 3-nitrotyrosine, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2. AA supplements at 40 and 80 mg per kg BW per day down-regulated striatal p47(phox) and gp91(phox) expression; but, at three test doses suppressed striatal expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. AA post-treatments at 40 and 80 mg per kg BW per day enhanced Bcl-2 expression, and lowered Bax, apoptosis-inducing factor and caspase-3 expression in the striatum. AA at 20-80 mg per kg BW per day up-regulated striatal tyrosine hydroxylase expression, and suppressed Toll-like receptors (TLR)2 and nuclear factor kappa B p65 expression. AA treatments at 40 and 80 mg per kg BW per day decreased striatal expression of α-synuclein and TLR4, increased striatal levels of dopamine, brain-derived nerve growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. These novel findings suggest that asiatic acid is a potent nutraceutical agent against the progression of Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiang-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan and Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan. mcyin@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Mei-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C017032:asiatic acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione