title: No Association between the Mitochondrial Genome and Prostate Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort.
abstract: Mitochondria are involved in many processes that are central to the life and death of a cell. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in particular, is known to be altered in carcinogenesis, leading to an increase in the production of reactive oxidative species and glycolysis, one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Because of this, genetic variation in the mitochondrial genome, which encodes for part of the OXPHOS pathway, has been suggested to play a role in many cancers, including prostate cancer.
  
  
  
  We comprehensively examined the role of the mitochondrial genome and prostate cancer risk in 4,086 prostate cancer cases and 3,698 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), testing 350 mitochondrial SNPs (mtSNPs) in five racial/ethnic populations-Africans, Asian Americans, Europeans, Latinos, and Native Hawaiians. Logistic regression was conducted to examine single mitochondrial SNP and haplogroup associations. The sequence kernel association test was conducted for gene and pathway analysis.
  
  
  
  Eleven mtSNPs and haplogroup N were nominally associated with overall prostate cancer risk at P < 0.05. The mitochondrial DNA-encoded OXPHOS pathway, complexes, and genes were not associated with prostate cancer risk. No significant associations were identified after multiple testing corrections (all FDR q > 0.20).
  
  
  
  The mitochondrial genome was not associated with prostate cancer risk in our study of 7,784 subjects from the MEC.
  
  
  
  Our comprehensive study does not support the role of the mitochondrial genome in the risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 1001-3. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. egiorgi@lanl.gov.
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California. Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Caberto
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lum-Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Haiman
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Marchand
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Daniel O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Stram
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Program of Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California. Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Iona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006254:Hawaii; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors