title: Cadherin-5: a biomarker for metastatic breast cancer with optimum efficacy in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers with vascular invasion.
abstract: A glycoproteomic study has previously shown cadherin-5 (CDH5) to be a serological marker of metastatic breast cancer when both protein levels and glycosylation status were assessed. In this study we aimed to further validate the utility of CDH5 as a biomarker for breast cancer progression.
  
  
  
  A nested case-control study of serum samples from breast cancer patients, of which n=52 had developed a distant metastatic recurrence within 5 years post-diagnosis and n=60 had remained recurrence-free. ELISAs were used to quantify patient serum CDH5 levels and assess glycosylation by Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) binding. Clinicopathological, treatment and lifestyle factors associated with metastasis and elevated biomarker levels were identified.
  
  
  
  Elevated CDH5 levels (P=0.028) and ratios of CDH5:HPA binding (P=0.007) distinguished patients with metastatic disease from those that remained metastasis-free. Multivariate analysis showed that the association between CDH5:HPA ratio and the formation of distant metastases was driven by patients with oestrogen receptor (ER+) positive cancer with vascular invasion (VI+).
  
  
  
  CDH5 levels and the CDH5 glycosylation represent biomarker tests that distinguish patients with metastatic breast cancer from those that remain metastasis-free. The test reached optimal sensitivity and specificity in ER-positive cancers with vascular invasion.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Human and Health Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swann
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
authors.forename: Miriam V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Dwek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D000099152:Cadherin 5
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D000099152:Cadherin 5