title: Validation of the facial assessment by computer evaluation (FACE) program for software-aided eyelid measurements.
abstract: The aim of this article is to validate the accuracy of Facial Assessment by Computer Evaluation (FACE) program in eyelid measurements. Sixteen subjects between the ages of 27 and 65 were included with IRB approval. Clinical measurements of upper eyelid margin reflex distance (MRD1) and inter-palpebral fissure (IPF) were obtained. Photographs were then taken with a digital single lens reflex camera with built-in pop-up flash (dSLR-pop) and a dSLR with lens-mounted ring flash (dSLR-ring) with the cameras upright, rotated 90, 180, and 270 degrees. The images were analyzed using both the FACE and ImageJ software to measure MRD1 and IPF.Thirty-two eyes of sixteen subjects were included. Comparison of clinical measurement of MRD1 and IPF with FACE measurements of photos in upright position showed no statistically significant differences for dSLR-pop (MRD1: p = 0.0912, IPF: p = 0.334) and for dSLR-ring (MRD1: p = 0.105, IPF: p = 0.538). One-to-one comparison of MRD1 and IPF measurements in four positions obtained with FACE versus ImageJ for dSLR-pop showed moderate to substantial agreement for MRD1 (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.534 upright, 0.731 in 90 degree rotation, 0.627 in 180 degree rotation, 0.477 in 270 degree rotation) and substantial to excellent agreement in IPF (ICC = 0.740, 0.859, 0.849, 0.805). In photos taken with dSLR-ring, there was excellent agreement of all MRD1 (ICC = 0.916, 0.932, 0.845, 0.812) and IPF (ICC = 0.937, 0.938, 0.917, 0.888) values. The FACE program is a valid method for measuring margin reflex distance and inter-palpebral fissure.
authors.affiliation: a Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery , Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery , Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.affiliation: a Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery , Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056667:Biometric Identification / Q000379:methods*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software
keywords: FACE; ImageJ; Margin reflex distance; digital photography; ptosis