title: Breast cancer following polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for breast augmentation: A case report.
abstract: Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) has been used for several years as an injectable implant for augmentation mammoplasty in China. Although patients who received PAAG injections experienced a number of complications, breast cancer following PAAG injection has been reported only in two cases. In this report, we present a case of breast cancer following PAAG injection for breast augmentation. Our study demonstrated that PAAG injection may increase the risk of breast cancer development. Early-stage breast cancer detection is difficult, since the breast is covered with the indurated injected gel. Thus, PAAG injection for augmentation mammoplasty may negatively affect breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Medical Aesthetics, Nanjing University of TCM Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Medical Aesthetics, Nanjing University of TCM Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jin-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: augmentation mammoplasty; breast cancer; magnetic resonance imaging; mammography; polyacrylamide hydrogel injection; ultrasonic