title: Vasculoprotective Effects of 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde against VSMCs Proliferation and ECs Inflammation.
abstract: 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) is a precursor compound for phenolic compounds like Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA). From recent reports, PCA has shown vasculoprotective potency, but the effects of 3-HBA remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and various animal models. We tested effects of 3-HBA in both vitro and vivo. 3-HBA showed that it prevents PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation from MTS, BrdU assays and inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. It arrested S and G0/G1 phase of VSMC cell cycle in PI staining and it also showed inhibited expression levels of Rb1 and CD1. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3-HBA inhibited inflammatory markers and signaling molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p-NF-κB and p-p38). For ex vivo, 3-HBA has shown dramatic effects in suppressing the sprouting from aortic ring of Spargue Dawley (SD) rats. In vivo data supported the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA as it inhibited angiogenesis from Matrigel Plug assay in C57BL6 mouse, prevented ADP-induced thrombus generation, increased blood circulation after formation of thrombus, and attenuated neointima formation induced by common carotid artery balloon injury of SD rats. 3-HBA, a novel therapeutic agent, has shown vasculoprotective potency in both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang Jong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Ri
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Ryong
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jig
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D058426:Neointima / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D002396:Catechols; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C005581:protocatechualdehyde; C011275:3-hydroxybenzaldehyde; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt