title: [Influence of daily ambient temperature on mortality and years of life lost in Chongqing].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of extreme ambient temperature on mortality and years of life lost (YLL) in Chongqing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The daily mortality, meteorology and air pollution index data in Chongqing from the 1(st) January 2010 to the 31(st) December 2013 were collected. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to assess the influence of daily ambient temperature on daily number of deaths and daily YLL respectively. The delayed and cumulative effects of extreme temperature on sex, age, and cause-specific mortality were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationships between ambient temperature and non-accidental, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease mortalities and YLL were U-shaped or W-shaped. The effect of heat was obvious on that day, peaked on day 7, and lasted for two weeks, whereas the effect of cold was obvious a week later and lasted for a month. As 1 ℃ increase of ambient temperature, the cumulative relative risks (CRR) of high temperature across lag 0-7 days on non-accidental, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease mortalities were 1.05 (95%CI: 1.03-1.07), 1.08 (95%CI: 1.05-1.11) and 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01-1.09) respectively. The effects of heat on YLL for each cause were 23.81 (95%CI: 12.31-35.31), 14.34 (95%CI: 8.98-19.70) and 4.43 (95%CI: 1.64-7.21), respectively. On cold days, 1 ℃ decrease of ambient temperature was correlated with an increase in CRR of 1.06 (95%CI: 1.04-1.08), 1.09 (95%CI:1.06-1.12) and 1.06 (95%CI: 1.02-1.11) from lag 0 to 14 for non-accidental, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease mortalities, respectively. The estimated YLL were 23.34 (95%CI: 10.04-36.64), 16.39 (95%CI: 10.19-22.59) and 2.61 (95%CI: -0.61-5.82). People aged ≥65 years tend to have higher CRR and YLL than those aged <65 years. On high temperature days, the CRR in women was higher than that in men, while the YLL in women was lower than that in men. On low temperature days, both the CRR and YLL in women were higher than those in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both high and low ambient temperature have adverse health effects. People aged ≥65 years are more sensitive to both high and low ambient temperature. Younger men are more sensitive to high ambient temperature and women and elder men are sensitive to low ambient temperature. It is necessary to take targeted measures to protect the population in Chongqing from the adverse influence of extreme ambient temperature.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Shuquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Xianbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jinghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Wenge
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D013696:Temperature