title: Emergent Synapse Organizers: LAR-RPTPs and Their Companions.
abstract: Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) have emerged as key players that organize various aspects of neuronal development, including axon guidance, neurite extension, and synapse formation and function. Recent research has highlighted the roles of LAR-RPTPs at neuronal synapses in mediating distinct synaptic adhesion pathways through interactions with a host of extracellular ligands and in governing a variety of intracellular signaling cascades through binding to various scaffolds and signaling proteins. In this chapter, we review and update current research progress on the extracellular ligands of LAR-RPTPs, regulation of their extracellular interactions by alternative splicing and heparan sulfates, and their intracellular signaling machineries. In particular, we review structural insights on complexes of LAR-RPTPs with their various ligands. These studies lend support to general molecular mechanisms underlying LAR-RPTP-mediated synaptic adhesion and signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: jaewonko@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2
keywords: LAR; PTPδ; PTPσ; alternative splicing; heparan sulfate; ligands; receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase; synapse development; synaptic adhesion