title: Clinical features, cytology and bacterial culture results in dogs with and without cheilitis and comparison of three sampling techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cheilitis is a common presentation in dogs associated with a variety of skin diseases and often complicated by microbial infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe and compare clinical and cytological features and bacterial culture results from the lower lips of dogs with cheilitis (as compared to healthy controls), and to evaluate three cytology sampling techniques for their abilities to differentiate between the groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty six dogs with cheilitis and 54 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomy and clinical signs of the lower lip were recorded. Cytology samples taken by tape strip, direct impression and swabs rolled over skin were scored semiquantitatively for microorganisms, inflammatory cells and keratinocytes. Cytology scores were correlated with semiquantitative bacterial culture scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pure breeds, frequency of lip folds and all cytology scores except keratinocytes were higher in dogs with cheilitis than in controls, but a substantial overlap was seen in all microorganisms between the groups. Hypersensitivity disorders were diagnosed in 40 of 56 dogs with cheilitis. The tape strip technique yielded the greatest differences between groups. Bacterial growth was reported in 100% of dogs with cheilitis and in 93% of the controls. Pathogens such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp were found more frequently in dogs with cheilitis. Cytology and bacterial culture were poorly correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cheilitis was associated with primary hypersensitivity disorders and the presence of a lip fold was a predisposing factor. Results of aerobic culture were similar to prior studies on pyoderma of other body sites, except for higher rates of Pseudomonas spp. isolation.
authors.affiliation: Tieraerztliche Spezialisten, Rodigallee 85, D-22043, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, D-14163, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: synlab.vet GmbH Labor Hamburg, Schillerstr. 29, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kostka
authors.affiliation: Tieraerztliche Spezialisten, Rodigallee 85, D-22043, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male