title: Biochemical parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) treated with citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) and its influence on reproduction.
abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda is the principal corn pest in Brazil. Searches for new control methods that minimize the adverse effects of synthetic insecticides have initiated a resurgence of the use of botanical insecticides. Citronella oil (a product of Cymbopogon winterianus) is an effective repellent and insecticide. Thus, biochemical profile changes in oil-treated larvae and its influence on reproduction were assessed. Corn leaves dipped in a 50mg/mL concentration were offered to third instar larvae for 24h and assessed in sixth instar to estimate protein, lipid, sugar, and glycogen levels. Adult testes and ovarioles were collected for histological and histochemical analysis 24h after emergence. Number of eggs and hatching rate were also measured. Oil-treated larvae showed an increase in glycogen and a decrease in protein, lipid, and totals sugar content. Control testes exhibited connective tissue lining and cysts with abundant spermatozoids. However, intense peripheral vacuolation and neutral carbohydrates reduction occurred in oil-treated individuals. Control ovarioles showed normal morphologic characteristics. On the other hand, oil-treatment ovarioles showed follicular cell stratification and removal, reduced nurse cell development, reduced yolk quantity, a thinner conjunctiva sheath, and a reduction in proteins and neutral carbohydrates. Eggs derived from oil-treated pairs were unviable. Therefore, sub-lethal doses of citronella oil alters the biochemical profile of S. frugiperda larvae, causing damage to their reproductive histophysiology and results in diminished reproduction or reproductive failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: cristhalita_6@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristiane Thalita Dos Santos
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Physiology Animal, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: valeria@dmfa.ufrpe.br.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wanderley-Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: ukento@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Franklin Magliano da
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: vargasoliveira@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: José Vargas de
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: kamilladutra_kd@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kamilla de Andrade
authors.initials: Kde A
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.affiliation: Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Morais Rego, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: dmafn@ufpe.br.
authors.forename: Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology Animal, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: alvaro@dmfa.ufrpe.br.
authors.forename: Álvaro Aguiar Coelho
authors.initials: ÁA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012098:Reproduction; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010938:Plant Oils; C076730:citronella oil
keywords: Armyworm; Essential oil; Metabolism; Ovarioles; Testes