title: Ultrasound-guided intratumoral delivery of doxorubicin from in situ forming implants in a hepatocellular carcinoma model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinomas are frequently nonresponsive to systemically delivered drugs. Local delivery provides an alternative to systemic administration, maximizing the dose delivered to the tumor, achieving sustained elevated concentrations of the drug, while minimizing systemic exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound-guided deposition of doxorubicin (Dox)-eluting in situ forming implants (ISFI) in an orthotopic tumor model significantly lowers systemic drug levels. As much as 60 µg Dox/g tumors were observed 21 days after ISFI injection. Tumors treated with Dox implants also showed a considerable reduction in progression at 21 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dox-eluting ISFIs provide a promising platform for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas by which drug can be delivered directly into the lesion, bypassing distribution and elimination by the circulatory system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solorio
authors.affiliation: Case Center for Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-5056, USA.
authors.forename: Hanping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Mihika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gangolli
authors.affiliation: Case Center for Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-5056, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Agata A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Exner
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: drug delivery; hepatocellular carcinoma; in situ forming implant; phase inversion; ultrasound