title: Effect of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor on Endothelial Cells and Osteoblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some animal studies showed that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) provides beneficial environment for bone healing. It has been well documented that endothelial cells and osteoblasts play critical roles in multiple phases of bone healing. However, the biological effects of G-CSF on these cells remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the influence of G-CSF at various concentrations on endothelial cells and osteoblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human osteoblasts (hOBs) were treated with G-CSF at 1000, 100, 10, and 0 ng/mL, respectively. The capacity of cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs was evaluated at 72, 8, and 6 hours after treatment, respectively. The capacity of proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of hOBs was evaluated at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 21 days after treatment, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HUVECs treated with 100 and 1000 ng/mL G-CSF showed a significantly higher value comparing with controls in migration assay (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, resp.); the group treated with 1000 ng/mL G-CSF showed a significantly lower value on tube formation. No significant difference was detected in groups of hOBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF showed favorable effects only on the migration of HUVECs, and no direct influence was found on hOBs.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Xi Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Research Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
authors.forename: Wei Xin
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Weijia William
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Li Wu
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor