title: Danhong huayu koufuye prevents deep vein thrombosis through anti-inflammation in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Danhong huayu koufuye (DHK) has traditionally been used clinically for a long time in China. This study was to evaluate the effect of DHK in treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in rats and explore its possible mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, performed with incomplete inferior vena cava ligation to induce DVT, and orally administered with DHK (3.20 mg/kg/d), warfarin (2.00 mg/kg/d), or vehicle for 7 days. The involved inferior vena cava and thrombi were collected and measured in size. The tissue specimens were performed for routine histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical staining with tissue factor and matrix metalloproteinases-9. Blood samples were collected for detecting coagulation function, blood cell count, and the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment of DHK markedly reduced the size of thrombi by 49.26%, and the vein wall thickness by 47.86%. The recanalization rate was significant higher in the DHK-treated group than the vehicle-treated group (26.34 ± 6.53% versus 15.91 ± 3.93%, P < 0.01). Comparing to vehicle control, DHK significantly reduced neutrophils (P < 0.05) and lymphocytes (P < 0.05), serum tumor necrosis factor-α level (4.90 ± 1.14 pg/mL versus 6.60 ± 1.62 pg/mL, P < 0.01), and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and tissue factor (P < 0.05) in thrombi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DHK effectively prevented DVT through anti-inflammatory action in rats.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ziyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Luyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenpei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chenghao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: linbaoqin@gzucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Baoqin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000609884:danhong huayu koufuye; D013925:Thromboplastin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C572337:Mmp9 protein, rat
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Danhong huayu koufuye; Deep vein thrombosis; Inferior vena cava ligation; Matrix metalloproteinases; Tissue factor