title: Restless legs syndrome in migraine patients: prevalence and severity.
abstract: Our aim was to study not only the prevalence but more importantly the severity and the correlation between sleep quality and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a large population of well-defined migraine patients as poor sleep presumably triggers migraine attacks.
  
  
  
  In a large cross-sectional and observational study, data on migraine and RLS were collected from 2385 migraine patients (according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders ICHD-IIIb) and 332 non-headache controls. RLS severity (International RLS Study Group severity scale) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed. Risk factors for RLS and RLS severity were calculated using multivariable-adjusted regression models.
  
  
  
  Restless legs syndrome prevalence in migraine was higher than in controls (16.9% vs. 8.7%; multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 1.83; 95% confidence interval 1.18-2.86; P = 0.008) and more severe (adjusted severity score 14.5 ± 0.5 vs. 12.0 ± 1.1; P = 0.036). Poor sleepers were overrepresented amongst migraineurs (50.1% vs. 25.6%; P < 0.001). Poorer sleep quality was independently associated with RLS occurrence (odds ratio 1.08; P < 0.001) and RLS severity (P < 0.001) in migraine patients.
  
  
  
  Restless legs syndrome is not only twice as prevalent but also more severe in migraine patients, and associated with decreased sleep quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W P J
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: van Oosterhout
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J W
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Someren
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Louter
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Schoonman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Sleep Wake Centre SEIN Heemstede, Heemstede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sleep and Wake Disorders, Medical Centre Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rijsman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Terwindt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: LUMINA; clinical profile; migraine; restless legs syndrome