title: Whole-Cell Biocatalysis for Producing Ginsenoside Rd from Rb1 Using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.
abstract: Ginsenosides are the major active ingredients in ginseng used for human therapeutic plant medicines. One of the most well-known probiotic bacteria among the various strains on the functional food market is Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Biocatalytic methods using probiotic enzymes for producing deglycosylated ginsenosides such as Rd have a growing significance in the functional food industry. The addition of 2% cellobiose (w/v) to glucose-free de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe broths notably induced β-glucosidase production from L. rhamnosus GG. Enzyme production and activity were optimized at a pH, temperature, and cellobiose concentration of 6.0, 40°C, and 2% (w/v), respectively. Under these controlled conditions, β-glucosidase production in L. rhamnosus GG was enhanced by 25-fold. Additionally, whole-cell homogenates showed the highest β-glucosidase activity when compared with disrupted cell suspensions; the cell disruption step significantly decreased the β-glucosidase activity. Based on the optimized enzyme conditions, whole-cell L. rhamnosus GG was successfully used to convert ginsenoside Rb1 into Rd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seockmo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Hotel Culinary Arts, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14011, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.|Department of Hotel Culinary Arts, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14011, Republic of Korea.|Research Center, BIFIDO Co. Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geun Eog
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D002475:Cellobiose; D003470:Culture Media; D005285:Fermentation; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005894:Panax; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D036145:Ginsenosides; D002475:Cellobiose; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C049863:ginsenoside Rd
keywords: Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Whole-cell bioconversion; biocatalysis; ginsenoside; β-glucosidase