title: [Validation of the French version of the Binge Eating Scale: Examination of its factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity in a non-clinical and a clinical population].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Binge Eating Scale is a widely used scale to assess binge eating disorder in obese patients. Until now, this scale has not been validated on a French population, and no psychometrically sound tool assesses binge eating disorder in the French. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of a French version of the Binge Eating Scale by establishing its factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity in both a non-clinical population and a clinical population (obese patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 553 non-clinical subjects and 63 morbidly obese patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery were assessed with the BES and the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh or BITE (which assesses both binge eating behaviours and use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours). We tested the factor structure of the instrument, its internal consistency, its construct validity with measures of binge eating, and its construct validity with measures of inappropriate compensatory behaviours to avoid weight gain. In 47 out of the 63 obese patients, we assessed binge eating disorder (SCID).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the non-clinical population, the BES had a one-factor structure (which accounted for 61% of the variance), excellent internal consistency (α=0.93), and high construct validity with measures of binge eating. In this population, construct validity with measures of inappropriate compensatory behaviours was confirmed in overweight and obese subjects (P=0.42), but not in underweight and optimal weight subjects (P<0.001). In obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery, we demonstrated that the BES had a one-factor structure (which accounted for 46% of the variance), had high internal consistency (α=0.88) and high construct validity with measures of binge eating and good construct validity with measures of inappropriate compensatory behaviours to avoid weight gain. In the subpopulation of 47 obese patients, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were respectively 75%, 88.4%, 37.5% and 97.4% (BES threshold=18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we validated a psychometrically sound French version of the Binge Eating Scale, both in a non-clinical and a clinical sample. The psychometric properties of the French version of the BES are comparable to its original version with a one-factor structure. The BES is a useful tool to assess binge eating disorder in obese patients (e.g., bariatric surgery candidates), but might not differentiate between binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa in underweight and optimal weight subjects.
authors.affiliation: Équipe de liaison et de soins en addictologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France; EA 2114 « psychologie des âges de la vie », département de psychologie, université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37041 Tours, France; Clinique psychiatrique universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France. Electronic address: paul.brunault@univ-tours.fr.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunault
authors.affiliation: Clinique psychiatrique universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR Inserm U930 ERL, 37200 Tours, France; Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37041 Tours, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: Équipe de liaison et de soins en addictologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France; UMR Inserm U930 ERL, 37200 Tours, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ballon
authors.affiliation: Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37041 Tours, France; Service de médecine interne nutrition, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Couet
authors.affiliation: Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France; UMR Inserm U669, 75679 Paris, France; Universités Paris Descartes et Paris Sud, 75000 Paris, France; Service de pédopsychiatrie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isnard
authors.affiliation: Service de pédopsychiatrie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne nutrition, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Delbachian
authors.affiliation: EA 2114 « psychologie des âges de la vie », département de psychologie, université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37041 Tours, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Réveillère
authors.affiliation: EA 2114 « psychologie des âges de la vie », département de psychologie, université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37041 Tours, France; Clinique psychiatrique universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Courtois
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002032:Bulimia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Analyse factorielle; Bariatric surgery; Binge Eating Scale (BES); Binge eating disorder (BED); Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE); Hyperphagie boulimique; Obesity; Obésité; Psychometrics