title: Structural Dynamics and Mechanochemical Coupling in DNA Gyrase.
abstract: Gyrase is a molecular motor that harnesses the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform mechanical work on DNA. The enzyme specifically introduces negative supercoiling in a process that must coordinate fuel consumption with DNA cleavage and religation and with numerous conformational changes in both the protein and DNA components of a large nucleoprotein complex. Here we present a current understanding of mechanochemical coupling in this essential molecular machine, with a focus on recent diverse biophysical approaches that have revealed details of molecular architectures, new conformational intermediates, structural transitions modulated by ATP binding, and the influence of mechanics on motor function. Recent single-molecule assays have also illuminated the reciprocal relationships between supercoiling and transcription, an illustration of mechanical interactions between gyrase and other molecular machines at the heart of chromosomal biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Aakash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.affiliation: Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Angelica C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: zevry@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Zev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bryant
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D027081:DNA Gyrase
keywords: FRET; magnetic tweezers; molecular motor; single-molecule; topoisomerase