title: Manganese in Whole Blood and Hair in Patients with Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Manganese is an essential trace element and indispensable component of nutrition mixtures in long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) of patients. On the other hand, neurotoxic effects of excess manganese in the organism have been known for a long time. The objective of the present study was to determine manganese concentration in whole blood and hair of patients with long-term home parenteral nutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 16 patients (7 men and 9 women) aged from 28 to 68 years on long-term HPN lasting from 4 to 96 months. The short bowel syndrome was an indication for HPN. The daily dose of manganese ranged between 80 and 470 microg/day (1.2 to 8.5 pg/kg/day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the investigated patients we detected approximately a doubled value of manganese concentration in whole blood in comparison to the control group (16.2 microg/L; 12.9-20.4 microg/L and 7.4 microg/L; 6.4-8.4 microg/L). In five patients with symptoms of cholestatic hepatopathy, Mn concentration in whole blood exceeded the value of 20.0 microg/L. Magnetic resonance of the brain in four of these patients detected a hyperintense T1-signal in the globus pallidus without any clinical symptoms similar to the Parkinson's syndrome. The content of manganese in the patients' hair was also significantly increased (p < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study corroborate the necessity of careful monitoring of the manganese concentration in the organism during HPN, especially in patients with liver disorders. Individualized HPN with greater accessibility of variable mixtures of trace elements would certainly be greatly beneficial, at least with regard to problems associated with manganese substitution.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dastych
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dastych
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senkyrík
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D020149:Manganese Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016331:Parenteral Nutrition, Home / Q000009:adverse effects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008345:Manganese