title: Clinical Efficacy of a Single Two Gram Dose of Azithromycin Extended Release for Male Patients with Urethritis.
abstract: To clarify the clinical efficacy of a single oral 2 g dose of azithromycin extended-release for heterosexual male patients with urethritis, and the current antimicrobial sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to azithromycin, a prospective clinical trial was conducted from 2011-2013. In patients with gonococcal urethritis, the eradication rate was 90.9% (30 of 33). The susceptibility rates of isolated Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, cefixime and azithromycin were 100%, 100%, 95.3% (41/43) and 37.2% (16/43), respectively. In the patients with nongonococcal urethritis, the eradication rate was 90.0% (45 of 50). The microbiological eradication rates for the pathogens were 90.9% (30/33) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 91.5% (43/47) for Chlamydia trachomatis, 71.4% (5/7) for Mycoplasma genitalium, and 100% (13/13) for Ureaplasma urealyticum. The main adverse event was diarrhea and its manifestation rate was 35.2% (32 of 120). The symptom of diarrhea was mostly temporary and resolved spontaneously. The conclusion was that the treatment regimen with a single oral 2 g dose of azithromycin extended-release would be effective for patients with urethritis. However, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium should be carefully monitored because of possible treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan. stakahas@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 1258506, Japan. kiyota@jikei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyota
authors.affiliation: iClinic, 5-9-6, Nagamachi, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9820011, Japan. itsn.icl@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Iwasawa Clinic, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600061, Japan. iwasawa@mb.snowman.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan. mayahi55@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan. teruhisa5963@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan. kichi@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan. jiroh@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan. masumori@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masumori
authors.affiliation: Teine Urologic Clinic, 1-12, Maeda 6-7, Teine-ku, Sapporo 0060816, Japan. k1sunaoshi@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunaoshi
authors.affiliation: Teine Urologic Clinic, 1-12, Maeda 6-7, Teine-ku, Sapporo 0060816, Japan. k-takeda@teine-uro.or.jp.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Teine Urologic Clinic, 1-12, Maeda 6-7, Teine-ku, Sapporo 0060816, Japan. n-suzuki@teine-uro.or.jp.
authors.forename: Nobukazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Hosobe Clinic, 1-1-15, Nezu, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130031, Japan. urohoso428@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosobe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fuji City General Hospital, 50 Takashima-Cho, Fuji, Shizuoka 4178567, Japan. gotou_hirokazu@ss.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fuji City General Hospital, 50 Takashima-Cho, Fuji, Shizuoka 4178567, Japan. hidenori-s@sf.tokai.or.jp.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fuji City General Hospital, 50 Takashima-Cho, Fuji, Shizuoka 4178567, Japan. onodera_shouichi@sa.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp.
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onodera
keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis; Mycoplasma genitalium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Ureaplasma urealyticum; azithromycin; extended release; urethritis