title: Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and omentin-1 as potential biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications represent significant cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aims of this study were to: (a) investigate association of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, omentin-1 and other non-traditional risk factors with subclinical atherosclerosis; (b) examine the diagnostic value of these specific markers in the early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis; and (c) examine their role as predictors of mortality in group of patients with subclinical atherosclerosis on regular HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Starting from November 2011, a cohort of 210 HD patients participated in this 3-year follow-up study. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the presence of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic disease was assessed by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Samplings were withdrawn at baseline and thereafter every 12 months until the end of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IMT showed weak correlation with sICAM-1 (r = 0.39, P = 0.001), sVCAM-1 (r = 0.27, P = 0.015) and omentin-1 (r = -0.25, P = 0.020), and also omentin-1 showed good correlation with parameters of systolic and diastolic function (r = 0.52, P = 0.001 and r = 0.51, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 concentrations were a strong independent correlate of IMT (P = 0.031 and P = 0.010, respectively). The Cox proportional analysis showed that sICAM-1 and omentin-1 concentrations were strong predictors of cardiovascular death (HR 1.85, CI 1.18-2.32, P = 0.021 and HR 4.14, CI 1.38-12.1, P = 0.004, respectively) and that serial measurements of these markers predict IMT progression (HR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.21-2.38, P < 0.002 and HR 2.91, 95 % CI 1.57-4.72, P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that sICAM-1 and omentin-1 levels are strong predictors of cardiovascular death in HD patients with subclinical atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care of Primorsko-Goranska County, Kresimirova 52, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia. marija.percan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-5705
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocijancic
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zlatko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cubranic
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Bozidar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vujicic
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sanjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Racki
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Stefica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dvornik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zaputovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012995:Solubility; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Adhesion molecules; Biomarkers; Hemodialysis; Intima-media thickness; Omentin-1