title: Residual levels of rare earth elements in freshwater and marine fish and their health risk assessment from Shandong, China.
abstract: The total concentrations of rare earth elements (ΣREE) were quantified in 251 samples from 10 common species of freshwater and marine fish in seventeen cities of Shandong, China. ΣREE obtained from the freshwater fish ranged from 34.0 to 37.9ngg(-1) (wet weight) and marine fish from 12.7 to 37.6ngg(-1). The ratio of LREE to HREE was 13.7:1 and 10:1 for freshwater and marine fish, respectively. This suggests that freshwater fish exhibit greater REE concentrations than marine fish and the biological effects of LREE are higher than HREE. Results revealed a similar REE distribution pattern between those fish and coastal sediments, abiding the "abundance law". The health risk assessment demonstrated the EDIs of REEs in fish were significantly lower than the ADI, indicating that the consumption of these fish presents little risk to human health.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Luping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xining
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongqian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guoling
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: doudou131415@163.com.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005399:Fishes; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017747:Seafood
chemical_list: D008674:Metals, Rare Earth
keywords: China; Fish; Freshwater; Marine; Rare earth elements