title: Determination of bisphenol A in water and the medical devices used in hemodialysis treatment.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor found in food containers and plastic beverages and also in medical devices such as dialyzers. The aim of this study is while taking into account the BPA originating in medical devices and the water used in dialysate production, to provide the first published investigation of overall potential exposure to BPA during hemodialysis treatment in patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. BPA concentration in water (at each step of purification treatment) and in dialysate and BPA leaching from dialyzers were determined using solid-phase extraction coupled to ultra-high-performance-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We have corroborated the hypothesis that a significant amount of BPA may migrate from dialyzers and also demonstrated that BPA is provided by the water used in dialysate production (8.0±5.2ngL(-1) on average) and by dialysis machine and dialysate cartridges, leading to dialysate contamination of 22.7±15.6ngL(-1) on average. Taking into account all the sources of BPA contamination that may come into play during a hemodialysis session, the highest exposure could reach an estimated 140ng/kg b.w./day for hemodialyzed patients, directly available for systemic exposure. Finally, BPA contamination should be taken into account as concerns both the medical devices commonly used in hemodialysis and purified water production systems.
authors.affiliation: University of Poitiers, CNRS-UMR 7285 IC2MP, School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics and Epidemiology), 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France; University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacle
authors.affiliation: University of Poitiers, CNRS-UMR 7285 IC2MP, School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics and Epidemiology), 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France; University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thevenot
authors.affiliation: University of Poitiers, CNRS-UMR 7285 IC2MP, School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics and Epidemiology), 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France; University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grignon
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belmouaz
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauwens
authors.affiliation: University of Poitiers, CNRS-UMR 7285 IC2MP, ENSIP, 1 rue Marcel Doré, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teychene
authors.affiliation: University of Poitiers, CNRS-UMR 7285 IC2MP, School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics and Epidemiology), 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France; University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venisse
authors.affiliation: University of Poitiers, CNRS-UMR 7285 IC2MP, School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics and Epidemiology), 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France; University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Migeot
authors.affiliation: University of Poitiers, CNRS-UMR 7285 IC2MP, School of Medicine and Pharmacy (Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics and Epidemiology), 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France; University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France. Electronic address: antoine.dupuis@univ-poitiers.fr.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dupuis
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D014867:Water; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Dialysate; End-stage renal disease; Endocrine disruptor; Hemodialysis; Medical devices; Water