title: [Trauma-focused psychotherapies: what are the commonalities?].
abstract: A number of evidence-based psychotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are available. They differ in various ways, however, they also have a number of commonalities. Given this situation, clinicians may wonder which treatment program to use, or more specifically, which treatment components are critical for a successful therapy. The following treatment components can be found in almost all effective psychotherapies for PTSD: psycho­education; teaching emotion regulation and coping skills; imaginal exposure, cognitive processing, restructuring and/or meaning making; targeting emotions; and the reorganization of memory functions. The underlying mechanisms of action are not sufficiently investigated. In the future, treatments should be tailored more specifically depending on certain patient characteristics. Also, the additional benefit of interventions aimed at improving resilience remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: 1 Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsspital Zürich.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.affiliation: 3 Fachbereich Psychologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elbert
authors.affiliation: 4 Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Edna B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Foa
authors.affiliation: 5 Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Berthold P R
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gersons
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Translational Science, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Resick
authors.affiliation: 7 Senior Research Fellow, Emeritus, Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.affiliation: 8 National Center for PTSD - Dissemination & Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Marylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cloitre
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Exposition; Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung; Psychoedukation; Trauma; cognitive restructuring; exposition; exposure; kognitive Restrukturierung; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychoeducation; restructuration cognitive; stress post-traumatisme; trauma; traumatisme; éducation psychologique