title: Reduction in body temperature using hand cooling versus passive rest after exercise in the heat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of hydration and hand cooling on lowering body temperature after exercise in the heat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized cross-over design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine recreationally active male participants (mean±SD; age, 24±4; height, 177.3±9.9cm; body mass, 76.7±11.6kg; body fat, 14.7±5.8%) completed a bout of treadmill exercise in a hot environment. After completion of exercise, participants were assigned to the following trials for post-exercise cooling: (1) hydrated with passive rest (HY), (2) hydrated with hand cooling on both hands (HY+2HC), (3) dehydrated with passive rest (DY), and (4) dehydrated with hand cooling on both hands (DY+2HC). Within subject differences were assessed using a three-way (Hydration×Condition×Time) repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis if significant interactions were found.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrespective of hydration status, hand cooling on both hands resulted in significantly greater reductions in TRECthan passive cooling at minute 20 (0.27°C [0.05, 0.49], ES=2.08, p=0.017) (Fig. 1). The reduction in TRECat minute 18 trended towards statistical significance (0.21°C [.003, .42], ES=1.59, p=0.053). Hydration status alone and when differentiated among modes of cooling showed no differences on changes of TRECor heart rate across all conditions during post exercise recovery (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand cooling on both hands reduced TRECmore than passive cooling, however, the cooling rates observed render hand cooling a poor option for cooling. Greater reductions in TRECafter exercise or between bouts of exercise may enhance recovery and subsequent performance.
authors.affiliation: Korey Stringer Institute, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, United States. Electronic address: william.adams@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Korey Stringer Institute, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, United States.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Korey Stringer Institute, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, United States.
authors.forename: Luke N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Belval
authors.affiliation: Korey Stringer Institute, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, United States.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.affiliation: Korey Stringer Institute, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, United States.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Casa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006225:Hand; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Exercise recovery; Exertional heat illness; Hydration; Rectal temperature; Thermal sensation