title: Motor Subtype as a Predictor of Future Working Memory Performance in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with reduced spatial and verbal working memory ability. There are two established motor subtypes of PD, tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD). This study used structural equation modelling to explore the longitudinal relationship between the two subtypes and working memory assessed at a 2-year follow-up. The study comprised 84 males and 30 females (N = 114), aged between 39 and 85 (M = 64.82, SD = 9.23) with confirmed PD. There was no significant relationship between motor subtype at Time 1 and working memory at Time 2. Postural symptom severity at Time 1 predicted Time 2 spatial working memory for the PIGD subtype (p = .011) but not the TD subtype. Tremor symptoms were not associated with Time 2 working memory in either subtype. Predictive significance of Time 1 postural symptoms only in the PIGD subtype suggests an interaction between symptom dominance (subtype) and symptom severity that future subtyping should consider. This study demonstrates a predictive relationship between postural difficulties and working memory performance assessed at a 2-year follow-up. Establishing physical symptoms as predictors of cognitive change could have significant clinical importance.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|ParkC Collaborative, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: ParkC Collaborative, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Romola S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bucks
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|ParkC Collaborative, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: ParkC Collaborative, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|Parkinson's Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Meghan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|ParkC Collaborative, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gasson
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|ParkC Collaborative, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Loftus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance; D065852:Spatial Memory; D013997:Time Factors; D014202:Tremor