title: Quantification of fat deposition in bone marrow in the lumbar vertebra by proton MRS and in-phase and out-of-phase MRI for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
abstract: The goal for this study was to investigate if proton MRS (1H-MRS) and out-of-phase and in-phase MRI can quantify the fat deposition in bone marrow within the lumbar vertebra that can be used to distinguish well between osteoporosis patients and healthy control subjects. Sixty-eight subjects participated in this study. The diagnostic results from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry served as the gold standard, which was able to separate the subjects into osteoporosis (38 subjects) and non-osteoporosis group (30 subjects). Then the 68 subjects were further scanned by 1H-MRS and in-phase and out-of-phase MRI and the findings from the imaging methods were also compared and analyzed. It was found that the measured signal intensity ratio (SIR), lipid-water ratio (LWR) and fat fraction (FF) in L2 vertebra from the two imaging methods were able to identify the fat deposition in bone marrow, which could be used to diagnose osteoporosis. Diagnostic accuracy for osteoporosis based on identified SIR, LRW and FF was analyzed by using ROC curves. Our findings suggested that statistically significant differences were identified between osteoporosis patients and healthy subjects. The sensitivity and specificity equal to 78.9% and 75.9% for SIR, 79.2% and 66.7% for LRW, 71.4% and 72.4% for FF, can be achieved when fat deposition-related parameters in bone marrow from the lumbar vertebra are used as classifiers. Our results showed that fat deposition-related parameters including fat content in bone marrow and water content in the lumbar vertebra are clearly different between the osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis group, suggesting that both 1H-MRS and in-phase and out-of-phase MRI can be used for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring its progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics. Guangdong Province) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics. Guangdong Province) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shaolin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics. Guangdong Province) Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012372:ROC Curve; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 1H-MRS; bones; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; in-phase and out-of-phase MRI; osteoporosis