title: Microbial biodegradation of proteinaceous tannery solid waste and production of a novel value added product - Metalloprotease.
abstract: In this study, animal fleshing (ANFL) was utilized as a substrate for the production of extracellular protease by Clostridium limosum through central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum protease production of 433U/ml was achieved and the purified enzyme was identified as acidic metalloprotease, a monomeric protein. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 71kDa, whose activity was enhanced by bivalent metals such as Zn(2+) and Mg(2+). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination also revealed the hydrolysis/microbial degradation of ANFL through protease activity in the anaerobic fermentation process. Simultaneous hydrolysis of ANFL and production of an enzyme with the potential for different industrial applications provide an attractive methodology for the disposal of tannery solid waste.
authors.affiliation: Animal Environment Division, Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea. Electronic address: kalamravi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Balasubramani
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.affiliation: Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Jonathan W C
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Ammaiyappan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Selvam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Kathirvel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thirunavukarasu
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technology Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sekaran
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D008970:Molecular Weight; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D013633:Tanning; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D062611:Solid Waste; D045726:Metalloproteases
keywords: Acid protease; Clostridium limosum; Fermentation; Response surface methodology; Tannery solid waste