title: Larval morphology and phylogenetic position ofDrusus balcanicus,Drusus botosaneanui,Drusus serbicusandDrusus tenellus(Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Drusinae).
abstract: In a recent 3-gene phylogeny of the Trichoptera subfamily Drusinae Banks, 1916 molecular data clearly correlated with the morphology and feeding ecology of larvae. The largest of three main groups, the Drusinae grazer clade, exhibits an unusual larval feeding ecology for Limnephilidae, and is the most diverse group. In this paper we describe four previously unknown Drusinae larvae from this clade:Drusus balcanicusKumanski, 1973 (micro-endemic to Eastern Balkans);Drusus botosaneanuiKumanski, 1968 (Dinaric Western Balkans, Hellenic and Eastern Balkan, Asia Minor),Drusus serbicusMarinković-Gospodnetić, 1971a (micro-endemic to Dinaric Western Balkans); andDrusus tenellus(Klapálek, 1898) (Carpathians, Dinaric Eastern Balkans). Characteristically, the larvae of these species develop toothless mandibles typical for the Drusinae grazer clade. Larvae and adults were unambiguously associated by a phylogenetic approach based on two mitochondrial (mtCOI, mtLSU= 16S rDNA) and two nuclear genes (nuWG, nuCAD). In addition, information on the morphology of the larvae is given and the diagnostic features necessary for identification are illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Limnology and Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waringer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (LOEWE BiK-F), Frankfurt a.M., Germany.
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bálint
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kučinić
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (LOEWE BiK-F), Frankfurt a.M., Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Pauls
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Previšić
authors.affiliation: Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Lujza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keresztes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Mother Theresa p.n., 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Živić
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bjelanović
authors.affiliation: National Institution Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Boulevard Ilinden 86, MK-91000 Skopje, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krpač
authors.affiliation: Department of Limnology and Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vitecek
keywords: 5th instar larvae; Drusus balcanicus; Drusus botosaneanui; Drusus serbicus; Drusus tenellus; description; distribution; identification; phylogeny