title: Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection on the Frequency, Phenotype and Function of Circulating Dendritic Cells in Cattle.
abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes one of the most devastating diseases in cloven-hoofed animals. Disease symptoms develop within 2 to 3 days of exposure and include fever and vesicular lesions on the tongue and hooves. Dendritic cells (DC) play an essential role in protective immune responses against pathogens. Therefore, investigating their role during FMDV infection would lead to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions. In this study, following infection of cattle with FMDV, we investigated the frequency and function of conventional (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in blood by using multi-color flow cytometry. We show that the frequency of cDC and pDC increased following FMDV infection and peaked 3 to 4 days post-infection. During peak viremia, the cattle became lymphopenic, the expression of MHC class II molecules on cDC and pDC was dramatically down-regulated, the processing of exogenous antigen by cDC and pDC was impaired, and there was an increase in IL-10 production by DC and monocytes. Notably, after clearance of FMDV from the blood, MHC class II expression returned to pre-infection levels. Altogether, our study demonstrates that in cattle, FMDV inhibits the function of DC, thereby retarding the initiation of adaptive immune responses, potentially enhancing virus shedding during the acute phase of infection.
authors.affiliation: Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America.|Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
authors.forename: Janet J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sei
authors.affiliation: Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ryan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.affiliation: Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.affiliation: Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Golde
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D010641:Phenotype; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10