title: Longitudinal Changes and Seasonal Variation in Body Composition in Professional Australian Football Players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare development and variations in body composition of early-, mid-, and late-career professional Australian Football (AF) players over 3 successive seasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional and total-body composition (body mass [BM], fat mass [FM], fat-free soft-tissue mass [FFSTM], and bone mineral content [BMC]) were assessed 4 times, at the same time of each season-start preseason (SP), end preseason (EP), midseason (MS), and end season (ES)-from 22 professional AF players using pencil-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Nutritional intake for each player was evaluated concomitantly using 3-d food diaries. Players were classified according to their age at the beginning of the observational period as either early- (<21 y, n = 8), mid- (21 to 25 y, n = 9), or late- (>25 y, n = 5) career athletes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early-career players had lower FFSTM, BMC, and BM than mid- and late-career throughout. FM and %FM had greatest variability, particularly in the early-career players. FM reduced and FFSTM increased from SP to EP, while FM and FFSTM decreased from EP to MS. FM increased and FFSTM decreased from MS to ES, while FM and FFSTM increased during the off-season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early-career players may benefit from greater emphasis on specific nutrition and resistance-training strategies aimed at increasing FFSTM, while all players should balance training and diet toward the end of season to minimize increases in FM.
authors.forename: Johann C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bilsborough
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kempton
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Greenway
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cordy
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coutts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D004435:Eating; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anthropometry; athlete profiling; nutrition; team sports