title: Telomere attrition and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by dysfunction of various organs. Recent studies have shown a close relationship between DM and telomere attrition in leukocytes. In patients with DM or impaired glucose tolerance, excessive oxidative stress induces damage to telomeres and shortens their length. Furthermore, it is suggested that telomere length is a good surrogate marker for mortality and diabetic complications in DM patients. We recently found that telomere length in pancreatic β-cells is also shortened in DM patients, potentially leading to an impaired capacity for proliferation and insulin secretion, and accelerated cell death. In contrast, leukocyte telomere length has also been reported in patients with obesity or insulin resistance, both of which are frequently associated with type 2 DM. In an animal model, it has been shown that telomere attrition in adipose tissue induces insulin resistance. Taken together, the available data suggest that hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and telomere attrition in pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes create a vicious cycle that underlies the pathophysiology of type 2 DM. Inhibition of telomere attrition in various organs, including pancreatic β-cells, could be a new approach for preventing the progression of DM and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology and Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takubo
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology and Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; oxidative stress; pancreatic β-cell; telomere