title: Adalimumab for Ocular Inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate adalimumab as an immunomodulatory treatment for non-infectious ocular inflammatory diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics of patients treated with adalimumab were abstracted in a standardized chart review. Main outcomes measured were control of inflammation, corticosteroid-sparing effect, and visual acuity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 32 patients with ocular inflammation were treated with adalimumab. The most common ophthalmic diagnoses were anterior uveitis, occurring in 15 patients (47%), and scleritis, occurring in 9 patients (28%). At 6 months of therapy, among 15 eyes with active inflammation, 7 (47%) became completely inactive, and oral prednisone was reduced to ≤10 mg/day in 2 of 4 patients (50%). On average, visual acuity decreased by 0.13 lines during the first 6 months of treatment. Adalimumab was discontinued because of lack of effectiveness in four patients within 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adalimumab was moderately effective in controlling inflammation in a group of highly pre-treated cases of ocular inflammatory disease.
authors.affiliation: a Massachusetts Eye Research & Surgery Institution and Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Khayyam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durrani
authors.affiliation: c Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics.|d Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kempen
authors.affiliation: c Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics.
authors.forename: Gui-Shuang
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: a Massachusetts Eye Research & Surgery Institution and Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: R Oktay
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kacmaz
authors.affiliation: a Massachusetts Eye Research & Surgery Institution and Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.|c Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics.
authors.forename: Pichaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Artornsombudh
authors.affiliation: e Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.|f Department of Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: e Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.|f Department of Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.|g Portland Veteran's Affairs Medical Center , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Suhler
authors.affiliation: h Department of Ophthalmology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.|i Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: i Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.|j Department of Ophthalmology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York , USA.|k Department of Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.affiliation: l Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Levy-Clarke
authors.affiliation: l Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nussenblatt
authors.affiliation: a Massachusetts Eye Research & Surgery Institution and Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.|b Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.lastname: Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy For Eye Diseases Site Research Group
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015423:Scleritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000068879:Adalimumab; D011241:Prednisone
keywords: Adalimumab; Humira; TNF-α antibody; ocular inflammatory disease; scleritis; uveitis