title: A Psychometric Evaluation of the Danish Version of the Theory of Mind Storybook for 8-14 Year-Old Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Theory-of-Mind (ToM) keeps on developing in late childhood and early adolescence, and the study of ToM development later in childhood had to await the development of sufficiently sensitive tests challenging more mature children. The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the Theory-of-Mind Storybook Frederik (ToM-Frederik).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed whether ToM-Frederik scores differed between a group of 41 typically developing (TD) children and a group of 33 children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD). A lower mean ToM-Frederik score was expected in the HFASD group. To determine the convergent validity of ToM-Frederik, potential associations with Strange Stories and Animated Triangles (AT) were analyzed. Furthermore, potential associations between ToM-Frederik and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and between ToM-Frederik and the Social Emotional Evaluation (SEE) Total score were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher ToM-Frederik score was observed in the TD group compared to the HFASD group. Furthermore, the convergent validity of ToM-Frederik as a measure of ToM was supported by significant and positive associations with the Strange Stories and the AT scores in the HFASD group, whereas ToM-Frederik was significantly correlated with Strange Stories, but not with AT in the TD group. ToM-Frederik was not significantly associated with SRS in neither the HFASD nor the TD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are supportive of ToM-Frederik as a valid indicator of deficits at the group level in children with HFASD between 7 and 14 years of age. Furthermore, the convergent validity is supported.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health ServicesGlostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clemmensen
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Agna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bartels-Velthuis
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health ServicesGlostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rókur Av F
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jespersen
authors.affiliation: King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: INTER-PSY Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Els M A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Blijd-Hoogewys
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health ServicesGlostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ankerstrøm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Væver
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Science, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zealand RegionNæstved, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drukker
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health ServicesGlostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health ServicesGlostrup, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia ResearchCopenhagen, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Centre GlostrupGlostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jepsen
keywords: Theory-of-Mind; autism spectrum disorders; validation