title: KNOW-Ped CKD (KoreaN cohort study for outcomes in patients with pediatric CKD): Design and methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing. In children, CKD exhibits unique etiologies and can have serious impacts on children's growth and development. Therefore, an aggressive approach to preventing the progression of CKD and its complications is imperative. To improve the understanding and management of Asian pediatric patients with CKD, we designed and launched KNOW-Ped CKD (KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease), a nationwide, prospective, and observational cohort study of pediatric CKD with funding from the Korean government.
  
  
  METHODS
  From seven major centers, 450 patients <20 years of age with CKD stages I to V are recruited for the comprehensive assessment of clinical findings, structured follow-up, and bio-specimen collection. The primary endpoints include CKD progression, defined as a decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate by 50 %, and a requirement for renal replacement therapy or death. The secondary outcomes include the development of left ventricular hypertrophy or hypertension, impairment of growth, neuropsychological status, behavioral status, kidney growth, and quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this study, we expect to obtain more information on pediatric CKD, which can be translated to better management for the patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02165878 (ClinicalTrials.gov), submitted on June 11, 2014.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Gyung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-5320
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jeju University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joongyub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kook Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Seo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. curie@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Curie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. ilsooha@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Il-Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Asian children; Chronic kidney disease; Cohort study; Design; Prognostic factor