title: Prevalence and concordance of high-risk papillomavirus infection in male sexual partners of women diagnosed with high grade cervical lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the characteristics of high-risk papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in men. The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (a) to investigate HR-HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in men, sexual partners of women presenting with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN), according to epidemiological characteristics, and (b) to assess type-specific concordance between partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 125 men were recruited within the first 6 months after HG-CIN diagnosis of their partner. Samples from the coronal sulcus, glans penis shaft, and scrotum were tested with linear array HPV genotyping assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Type-specific concordance within 120 couples was studied. Epidemiological factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. SPSS 19 (IBM, Chicago, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HR-HPV infection in males was 50.4% (63/125). HPV16/53/52/51/66/31 were the most frequent genotypes (24/10.4/9.6/8.8/8/7.2%, respectively). Current smoking was associated with an increased risk for HR-HPV infection in men (38.2% (21/55) vs 60% (42/70), OR 2.4, p=0.025). Among 60 infected couples, 62% shared at least one genotype: 41.7% couples were concordantly HPV16 positive and 18.3% were HPV16 negative (kappa value: 0.21). The proportion of women with the same genotype as their male partner was higher than the proportion of men sharing the same genotype as their female partner: 58.7% (37/63) vs 30.8% (37/120), p<0.0001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual partners of women with HG-CIN are a significant reservoir and vector of HPV infection, a fact that could contribute to making viral clearance more difficult to achieve in their partners after treatment of their HG-CIN lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. Electronic address: elena.lopez.diez@sergas.es.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López Diez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iñarrea
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Orden
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Máximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almuster
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tortolero
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Moises
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005260:Female; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000821:virology; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Couples; Cribado poblacional; Epidemiology; Epidemiología; Human papillomavirus DNA test; Male; Mass screening; Neoplasia cervical intraepitelial; Parejas; Test VPH-ADN; Varón