title: Quantification of sound instability in embouchure tremor based on the time-varying fundamental frequency.
abstract: Task-specific tremor in musicians is an involuntary oscillating muscular activity mostly of the hand or the embouchure, which predominantly occurs while playing the instrument. In contrast to arm or hand tremors, which have been examined and objectified based on movement kinematics and muscular activity, embouchure tremor has not yet been investigated. To quantify and describe embouchure tremor we analysed sound production and investigated the fluctuation of the time-varying fundamental frequency of sustained notes. A comparison between patients with embouchure tremor and healthy controls showed a significantly higher fluctuation of the fundamental frequency for the patients in the high pitch with a tremor frequency range between 3 and 8 Hz. The present findings firstly provide further information about a scarcely described movement disorder and secondly further evaluate a new quantification method for embouchure tremor, which has recently been established for embouchure dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians Medicine, University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Emmichplatz 1, 30175, Hannover, Germany. andre.lee@web.de.|Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. andre.lee@web.de.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voget
authors.affiliation: Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Sophia University, 4-4 Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1020081, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morise
authors.affiliation: Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians Medicine, University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Emmichplatz 1, 30175, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altenmüller
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014202:Tremor / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dystonia; Frequency analysis; Motor control; Movement disorders; Musicians; Task-specific tremor