title: Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for biosensing applications.
abstract: Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs) with planar graphene-like structure have stimulated increasingly research interest in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. CNNSs possess superior stability, high fluorescence quantum yield, low-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, unique electroluminescent and photoelectrochemical properties, which make them appropriate candidates for biosensing. In this review, we first introduce the preparation and unique properties of CNNSs, with emphasis on their superior properties for biosensing. Then, recent advances of CNNSs in photoelectrochemical biosensing, electrochemiluminescence biosensing and fluorescence biosensing are highlighted. An additional attention is paid to the marriage of CNNSs and nucleic acids, which exhibits great potentials in both biosensing and intracellular imaging. Finally, current challenges and opportunities of this 2D material are outlined. Inspired by the unique properties of CNNSs and their advantages in biological applications, we expect that more attention will be drawn to this promising 2D material and extensive applications can be found in bioanalysis and diseases diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: xbzhang@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008958:Models, Molecular; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; C011206:cyanogen; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Electrochemiluminescence biosensing; Fluorescent biosensing; Graphitic carbon nitride; Photoelectrochemistry biosensing; Two-dimensional material