title: Whole-genome sequencing in multiplex families with psychoses reveals mutations in the SHANK2 and SMARCA1 genes segregating with illness.
abstract: A current focus in psychiatric genetics is detection of multiple common risk alleles through very large genome-wide association study analyses. Yet families do exist, albeit rare, that have multiple affected members who are presumed to have a similar inherited cause to their illnesses. We hypothesized that within some of these families there may be rare highly penetrant mutations that segregate with illness. In this exploratory study, the genomes of 90 individuals across nine families were sequenced. Each family included a minimum of three available relatives affected with a psychotic illness and three available unaffected relatives. Twenty-six variants were identified that are private to a family, alter protein sequence, and are transmitted to all sequenced affected individuals within the family. In one family, seven siblings with schizophrenia spectrum disorders each carry a novel private missense variant within the SHANK2 gene. This variant lies within the consensus SH3 protein-binding motif by which SHANK2 may interact with post-synaptic glutamate receptors. In another family, four affected siblings and their unaffected mother each carry a novel private missense variant in the SMARCA1 gene on the X chromosome. Both variants represent candidates that may be causal for psychotic disorders when considered in the context of their transmission pattern and known gene and disease biology.
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Genome Analysis Unit, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Homann
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Genome Analysis Unit, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misura
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Genome Analysis Unit, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lamas
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Genome Analysis Unit, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sandrock
authors.affiliation: The BVARI Foundation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Genome Analysis Unit, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.affiliation: The BVARI Foundation, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.|VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: DeLisi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059472:Exome; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010375:Pedigree; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics; D035781:Siblings; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C122162:SHANK2 protein, human; C499336:SMARCA1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors