title: Bond strength and interfacial morphology of orthodontic brackets bonded to eroded enamel treated with calcium silicate-sodium phosphate salts or resin infiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to eroded enamel treated with preventive approaches and to examine the enamel/bracket interfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one brackets were bonded to seven groups of enamel samples: sound; eroded; eroded+treated with calcium silicate-sodium phosphate salts (CSP); eroded+infiltrated by ICON®; eroded+infiltrated by ICON®and brackets bonded with 1-month delay; eroded+infiltrated by an experimental resin; and eroded+infiltrated by an experimental resin and brackets bonded with 1-month delay. For each group, 12 samples were tested in SBS and bond failure was assessed with the adhesive remnant index (ARI); one sample was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples treated with CSP or infiltration showed no significant differences in SBS values with sound samples. Infiltrated samples followed by a delayed bonding showed lower SBS values. All of the values remained acceptable. The ARI scores were significantly higher for sound enamel, eroded, and treated with CSP groups than for all infiltrated samples. SEM examinations corroborated the findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using CSP or resin infiltration before orthodontic bonding does not jeopardize the bonding quality. The orthodontic bonding should be performed shortly after the resin infiltration.
authors.affiliation: a  Graduate Orthodontic Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux, Innovations et Interfaces, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France; and Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costenoble
authors.affiliation: b  Associate Professor, MSSMat, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vennat
authors.affiliation: c  Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux, Innovations et Interfaces, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France; and Hôpital Charles Foix, Ivry-sur-Seine, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Attal
authors.affiliation: d  Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux, Innovations et Interfaces, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France; Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France; and MSSMat, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dursun
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D002118:Calcium; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012492:Salts; D033081:Shear Strength; D017640:Silicates; D012964:Sodium; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012492:Salts; D017640:Silicates; D012964:Sodium; C031293:calcium silicate; C018279:sodium phosphate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Bonding; Enamel; Erosion