title: Markedly elevated CD64 expression on neutrophils and monocytes as a biomarker for diagnosis and therapy assessment in Kawasaki disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most commonly encountered inflammatory disease in children. However, its pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers have not been fully investigated. We examined the activation of neutrophils and monocytes in KD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the expression of the Fcγ-receptors CD64 and CD16 on neutrophils and monocytes in KD before and after the treatment with intravenous infusion of high dose immunoglobulin (IVIG). Bacterial infections were addressed as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD64 expression on neutrophils and monocytes was dramatically increased at the onset of KD flare-ups, but later decreased just after IVIG. Similarly, CD16-positive monocytes were observed at the onset and were less apparent after therapy. The addition of immunoglobulin did not block the expression of CD64 or CD16 in vitro. Serum G-CSF in the majority of patients, and IFN-γ in some patients, were elevated during flares but decreased after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that remarkable CD64 expression during KD flare-ups may serve as a biomarker for diagnosis. Evaluation of CD64 is also potentially useful for the determination of treatment efficacy in KD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Host Defense, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Suwa Red Cross Hospital, Suwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hokibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Host Defense, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shigemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Ueda, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagumo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Azumino Red Cross Hospital, Azumino, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Host Defense, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. nagematsu@nifty.com.
authors.forename: Kazunaga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agematsu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D017452:Receptors, IgG
keywords: CD64; Fcγ-receptors; G-CSF; IFN-γ; Kawasaki disease