title: Unraveling the role of high-intensity resistance training on left ventricle proteome: Is there a shift towards maladaptation?
abstract: High-intensity resistance training (RT) induces adaptations that improve physiological function. However, high intensity, volume and/or frequency may lead to injury and other health issues such as adverse cardiac effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RT on left ventricle proteome, and to identify the pathways involved on the harmful adaptations induced by this protocol. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups: Trained (T) and Sedentary (S). Animals from T group were trained for 6weeks, and then all the animals were sacrificed and left ventricle was isolated for analysis. We identified 955 proteins, and 93 proteins were considered; 36 were expressed exclusively in T group, and 4 in S group. Based on quantitative analysis, 42 proteins were found overexpressed and 11 underexpressed in T group compared with S group. Using the Gene Ontology to relate the biological processes in which these proteins are involved, we conclude that RT protocol promotes changes similar to those found in the initial phase of heart failure, but we also observed a concomitant increased expression of protective proteins, suggesting the activation of pathways to avoid major damages on left ventricle and delay the onset of pathological hypertrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that high-intensity RT protocol changes left ventricle proteome, modifying metabolic profile of heart tissue and inducing the expression of proteins that acts against cardiac injury. We hypothesize that these adaptations occur to prevent the onset of cardiac dysfunction. Despite highly significant, it remains to be determined whether these adaptations are sufficient to further keep left ventricle function and exert cardioprotection, and whether this panel will be shifted towards maladaptation, and heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Patrícia Sousa
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Maísa Mayumi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Juliana Dinéia
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP, Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Regina Lucia Harumi
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Special Mycology Laboratory (LEMI), São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Fernando César
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Bizerra
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba (FOP-UNICAMP), Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP.
authors.forename: Vander José das
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba (FOP-UNICAMP), Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP.
authors.forename: Vinicius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guzzoni
authors.affiliation: State University of Campinas, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba (FOP-UNICAMP), Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP.
authors.forename: Fernanda Klein
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Marcondes
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Dulce Elena
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Casarini
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Electronic address: ts.cunha@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Tatiana Sousa
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055070:Resistance Training; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: Cardiac hypertrophy; High-intensity resistance training; Pathological hypertrophy; Proteomics shotgun; Rat proteomics