title: Occupational dose constraints for the lens of the eye for interventional radiologists and interventional cardiologists in the UK.
abstract: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended a 20 mSv year(-1) dose limit for the lens of the eye, which has been adopted in the European Union Basic Safety Standards. Interventional radiologists (IRs) and interventional cardiologists (ICs) are likely to be affected by this. The effects of radiation in the lens are somewhat uncertain, and the ICRP explicitly recommend optimization. Occupational dose constraints are part of the optimization process and define a level of dose which ought to be achievable in a well-managed practice. This commentary calls on the professional bodies to review a need for national constraints to guide local decisions. Consideration is given to developing such constraints using maximum expected doses in high-workload facilities with good radiation protection practices and application of a factor allowing for attenuation by lead glasses (LG). Doses are based on a Public Health England survey of eye dose in the UK. Maximum expected doses for ICs are approximately 21 mSv year(-1), neglecting LG. However, the extent of IR exposure is not yet fully known, and further evidence is required before conclusions are drawn. A Health and Safety Laboratory review of LG established a conservative dose reduction factor of 3 for models available in 2012. Application of this factor provides a dose constraint of 7 mSv year(-1) to the eye for ICs. To achieve this constraint, those employers with the most exposed ICs will have to provide and ensure the correct use of a ceiling-suspended eye shield and LG.
authors.affiliation: Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: William DA
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Mairs
mesh_terms: D000072096:Cardiologists; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007908:Lens, Crystalline; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000592:standards*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000592:standards; D000072177:Radiologists / Q000592:standards