title: Impact of maternal diabetes type 1 on proliferative potential, differentiation and apoptotic activity in villous capillaries of term placenta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal diabetes mellitus changes morphology and impairs function of placental capillaries. Here, quantitative parameters characterizing cell proliferation using detection of Ki67, differentiation reflected by nestin expression and apoptosis in placental capillary bed with active caspase 3 as a marker were compared in normal term placentas and placentas from pregnancies complicated by Type 1 maternal diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens of sixteen diabetic placentas and eight control placentas were collected by systematic uniform random sampling. Immunohistochemical detections of Ki67, nestin, and active caspase 3 were performed in histological sections of five haphazardly chosen blocks per placenta. Twenty fields of view per section, i.e. one hundred fields of view per placenta, were used for analysis of proliferation as well as of apoptosis, and in approximately 70 capillary cross-sections per placenta the nestin-positive segments of their circumference were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of Ki67-positive cells counted in the capillary wall was significantly lower in diabetic group. The counts of Ki67-labelled nuclei per villous area unit were significantly lower in cytotrophoblast and capillary wall of terminal villi in diabetic placenta. The proportion of nestin-labeled segments of capillary circumference was significantly higher in placentas of diabetic group. No differences in the numbers of apoptotic cells were found between studied groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that the term placenta in Type 1 diabetes has lower potential to enlarge the surface area of structures involved in maternofetal transport, and that the villous capillary bed displays delayed differentiation. Those factors may participate in decreased ability of diabetic placenta to comply with fetal requirements in the final stage of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Electronic address: mjirk@lf1.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jirkovská
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kučera
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dvořáková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jadrníček
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Apolinářská 18, CZ-128 51 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moravcová
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Apolinářská 18, CZ-128 51 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdeněk
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Žižka
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Apolinářská 18, CZ-128 51 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vratislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krejčí
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Caspase 3; Chorangiosis; Diabetes; Ki67; Nestin; Placenta