title: The Detrimental Effect of Decentralization in Digital Replantation in the United States: 15 Years of Evidence From the National Inpatient Sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent reports suggest a decrease in success rates in digital replantation in the United States. We hypothesize that this decrease may be associated with decentralization of replants away from high-volume hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  All amputation injuries and digital replants captured by the National Inpatient Sample during 1998 to 2012 were identified. Procedures were characterized as occurring at high-volume hospitals (> 20 replants/y), and as being performed by high-volume surgeons (> 5 replants/y). A successful procedure was defined as one in which a replantation occurred without a subsequent revision amputation. Hospital and surgeon volume were tested for association with the year and the success of the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors identified 101,693 amputation injuries resulting in 15,822 replants. The overall success of replants dropped from 74.5% during 2004 to 2006 to 65.7% during 2010 to 2012. The percentage of replants being performed at high-volume hospitals decreased from 15.5% during 2004 to 2006 to 8.9% during 2007 to 2009. Similarly, the percentage of replants being performed by high-volume surgeons decreased from 14.4% during 1998 to 2000 to 2.6% during 2007 to 2009. Replants performed by high-volume surgeons operating at high-volume hospitals had higher success rates than low-volume surgeons operating at low-volume hospitals (92.0% vs 72.1%). In addition, high-volume surgeons operating at high-volume hospitals attempted replantation at greater rates than low-volume surgeons operating at low-volume hospitals (21.5% vs 11.0%). Overall, an amputation injury presenting to a high-volume surgeon at a high-volume center had a 2.5 times greater likelihood of obtaining a successful replantation than an amputation injury presenting to a low-volume surgeon at a low-volume hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that decreased success rates of digital replantation in the United States are correlated with the decentralization of digital replantation away from high-volume hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The establishment of regional centers for replant referral may greatly increase the success of digital replantation in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ. Electronic address: Joshua.hustedt@bannerhealth.com.
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hustedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ; Arizona Center for Hand Surgery, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Champagne
mesh_terms: D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D011057:Politics; D012092:Replantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Hand surgery; amputation traumatic; orthopedics; replantation