title: Global Evidence on the Association between POS Advertising Bans and Youth Smoking Participation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Point-of-sale (POS) tobacco advertising has been linked to youth smoking susceptibility and experimental smoking. However, there is limited evidence of the association between POS advertising bans and youth smoking participation. This study aims to examine how such bans are associated with current smoking, daily smoking, and regular smoking (≥ 1 cigarettes per day) participation among youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  one to two waves (primarily one wave) of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey were conducted in 130 countries between 2007 and 2011. These surveys were linked to the WHO "MPOWER" data using country and year identifiers to analyze the association between POS advertising bans (a dichotomous measure of the existence of such bans) and smoking participation in the past month. Weighted logistic regressions were employed to analyze this association while controlling for age, gender, parents' smoking status, 6 MPOWER policy scores, and GDP per capita.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We find that in countries with POS advertising bans, current smoking (OR = 0.73, p ≤ 0.1), daily smoking (OR = 0.70, p ≤ 0.1), and regular smoking (OR = 0.75, p ≤ 0.05) participation in the past month is significantly lower, suggesting that POS promotion bans can potentially reduce youth smoking. This study provides evidence to support the implementation of POS promotion regulations by the US FDA and implementation of the WHO FCTC guidelines regarding restrictions on tobacco POS promotion.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. cshang@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. jhuang12@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. kcheng@gsu.edu.|Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. kcheng@gsu.edu.|Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. kcheng@gsu.edu.
authors.forename: Kai-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. qing.li@cancer.org.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. fjc@uic.edu.|Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. fjc@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chaloupka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: MPOWER; experimental smoking; global youth tobacco survey; point-of-sale advertising ban; youth