title: Frequency of the use of hookah among adults and its distribution according to sociodemographic characteristics, urban or rural area and federative units: National Health Survey, 2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency of the use of hookah in the Brazilian adult population aged 18 to 59 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional, population-based study using the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013. Sampling was based on three stages: census tract, household, and individual. The frequency and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the outcome "frequency of use of hookah," among those who reported tobacco use, were described according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, urban or rural area of the country, and macroregions; the frequency of hookah use according to the age and education was also investigated; all analyzes were weighted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 60,225 adults surveyed, 15% reported the use of some tobacco product; the frequency of use of hookah among them was 1.2% (95%CI 0.8 - 1.6) and higher in male subjects, in white individuals, in the youngest age group, with average to high education and residents of urban areas and the south and midwest. Among those who have used the hookah, 50% used it occasionally, 12.8% monthly, 27.3% weekly, and 6.8% daily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relevance of the findings is because this is the first nationally representative study that evaluated the frequency of use of hookah in adults in the country. The results point to the need to implement surveillance regarding its use, as has occurred in relation to tobacco.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria Baptista
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando César
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wehrmeister
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardo Lessa
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celia Landmann
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Szwarcwald
authors.affiliation: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria Lucia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deborah Carvalho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Malta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult