title: Antioxidant and Antiplasmodial Activities of Bergenin and 11-O-Galloylbergenin Isolated from Mallotus philippensis.
abstract: Two important biologically active compounds were isolated from Mallotus philippensis. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroanalytical techniques and found to be bergenin (1) and 11-O-galloylbergenin (2). The in vitro antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities of the isolated compounds were determined. For the antioxidant potential, three standard analytical protocols, namely, DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), reducing power assay (RPA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay, were adopted. The results showed that compound 2 was found to be more potent antioxidant as compared to 1. Fascinatingly, compound 2 displayed better EC50 results as compared to α-tocopherol while being comparable with ascorbic acid. The antiplasmodial assay data showed that both the compound exhibited good activity against chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum (D10) and IC50 values were found to be less than 8 μM. The in silico molecular docking analyses were also performed for the determination of binding affinity of the isolated compounds using P. falciparum proteins PfLDH and Pfg27. The results showed that compound 2 has high docking score and binding affinity to both protein receptors as compared to compound 1. The demonstrated biological potentials declared that compound 2 could be the better natural antioxidant and antiplasmodial candidate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hamayun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hazrat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sumbal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rafique
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Lal
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Badshah
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D036461:Mallotus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: C556377:11-O-galloylbergenin; D000962:Antimalarials; D000975:Antioxidants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005707:Gallic Acid; C006741:bergenin