title: Information on 'Overdiagnosis' in Breast Cancer Screening on Prominent United Kingdom- and Australia-Oriented Health Websites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Health-related websites are an important source of information for the public. Increasing public awareness of overdiagnosis and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in breast cancer screening may facilitate more informed decision-making. This study assessed the extent to which such information was included on prominent health websites oriented towards the general public, and evaluated how it was explained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Websites identified through Google searches in England (United Kingdom) and New South Wales (Australia) for "breast cancer screening" and further websites included based on our prior knowledge of relevant organisations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Content analysis was used to determine whether information on overdiagnosis or DCIS existed on each site, how the concepts were described, and what statistics were used to quantify overdiagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exclusions, ten UK websites and eight Australian websites were considered relevant and evaluated. They originated from charities, health service providers, government agencies, and an independent health organisation. Most contained some information on overdiagnosis (and/or DCIS). Descriptive information was similar across websites. Among UK websites, statistical information was often based on estimates from the Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening; the most commonly provided statistic was the ratio of breast cancer deaths prevented to overdiagnosed cases (1:3). A range of other statistics was included, such as the yearly number of overdiagnosed cases and the proportion of women screened who would be overdiagnosed. Information on DCIS and statistical information was less common on the Australian websites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Online information about overdiagnosis has become more widely available in 2015-16 compared with the limited accessibility indicated by older research. However, there may be scope to offer more information on DCIS and overdiagnosis statistics on Australian websites. Moreover, the variability in how estimates are presented across UK websites may be confusing for the general public.
authors.affiliation: Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanouni
authors.affiliation: Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Susanne F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Jolyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hersch
authors.affiliation: Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.affiliation: Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wardle
authors.affiliation: Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Renzi
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D006113:United Kingdom