title: Anammox for nitrogen removal from anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater: Effect of COD/N ratios on process performance and bacterial community structure.
abstract: Long-term effects of COD/N ratios on the nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community of an anammox reactor were evaluated by adding a synthetic medium (with glucose) and real anaerobic effluent to a SBR. At a COD/N ratio of 2.8 (COD, 390mg·L(-1)) ammonium removal efficiency was 66%, while nitrite removal remained high (99%). However, at a COD/N ratio of 5.0 (COD, 300mg·L(-1)), ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies were high (84% and 99%, respectively). High COD, nitrite, and ammonium removal efficiencies (80%, 90% and 95%, respectively) were obtained on adding anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater (with nitrite) to the reactor. DGGE revealed that the addition of anaerobic effluent changed the bacterial community structure and selected for DNA sequences related to Brocadia sinica and Chloroflexi. Adding glucose and anaerobic effluent increased denitrifiers concentration threefold. Thus, the possibility of using the anammox process to remove nitrogen from anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cíntia Dutra
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alyne Duarte
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Terra
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luísa Ornelas
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Carolina Cirilo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sarah Kinaip
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bicalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika F Abreu
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Mac Conell
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Bressani
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Lemos Chernicharo
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: juliana@desa.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Juliana Calábria
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Araújo
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D009584:Nitrogen; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anaerobic effluent; Anammox; COD/N ratio; DGGE; Nitrogen removal