title: Effect of Different Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strains on Hairy Root Induction and Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn).
abstract: The development of an efficient protocol for successful hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the key step toward an in vitro culturing method for the mass production of secondary metabolites. The selection of an effective Agrobacterium strain for the production of hairy roots is highly plant species dependent and must be determined empirically. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the transformation efficiency of different A. rhizogenes strains for the induction of transgenic hairy roots in Fagopyrum tataricum 'Hokkai T10' cultivar; to determine the expression levels of the polypropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes, such as ftpAL, FtC4H, Ft4CL, FrCHS, FrCH1, FrF3H, FtFLS1, FtFLS2, FtF3(,) H1, FtF3'H2, FtANS, and FtDFR; and to quantify the in vitro synthesis of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Among different strains, R1000 was the most promising candidate for hairy root stimulation because it induced the highest growth rate, root number, root length, transformation efficiency, and total anthocyanin and rutin content. The R1000, 15834, and A4 strains provided higher transcript levels for most metabolic pathway genes for the synthesis of rutin (22.31, 15.48, and 13.04 μg/mg DW, respectively), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (800, 750, and 650 μg/g DW, respectively), and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (2410, 1530, and 1170 μg/g DW, respectively). A suitable A. rhizogenes strain could play a vital role in the fast growth of the bulk amount of hairy roots and secondary metabolites. Overall, R1000 was the most promising strain for hairy root induction in buckwheat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Aye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mariadhas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valan Arasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Ha
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naif Abdullah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Dhabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Un
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes; HPLC; anthocyanin; polypropanoid biosynthetic genes; rutin; tartary buckwheat