title: Association of Medial Meniscus Extrusion With the Prominence of a Fascicular Capsulofemoral Band Subjacent to the Deep Medial Collateral Ligament.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to test our hypothesis that a transverse oblique fascicular anteromedial capsulofemoral band partially subjacent to the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL) is more prominent in knees with medial meniscal extrusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed all knee MRI examinations from a 6-month period for the presence and dimensions of the anteromedial capsulofemoral band on coronal proton-density fat-saturated images and also for medial meniscus extrusion, which was defined as extrusion of 3 mm or greater. Edemalike signal intensity within or in the vicinity of the anteromedial capsulofemoral band, partial or complete tears of the MCL, a history of MCL surgery, or a neoplastic mass lesion violating the medial supporting structures were exclusion criteria. We reviewed procedural videos of patients who subsequently underwent knee arthroscopy. MRI of a cadaveric knee was performed and was followed by dissection and histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRI examinations of 346 knees of 312 patients met the inclusion criteria; of these knees, 50 had medial meniscus extrusion. The anteromedial capsulofemoral band was discernible on MRI in all knees except five (98.6%), and it was visible in six of the arthroscopy videos of 17 knees. The anteromedial capsulofemoral band was thicker on MRI of patients with medial meniscus extrusion (p < 0.0001). The anteromedial capsulofemoral band was identified on MRI and at dissection of the cadaveric knee, and histologic examination revealed that the anteromedial capsulofemoral band was a capsuloligamentous structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A transverse oblique anteromedial capsulofemoral band subjacent to the deep MCL is thicker in knees with medial meniscus extrusion.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Üstün
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Aydıngöz
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Koç University School of Medicine, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demirhan
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Radiology, American Hospital, Nişantaşı, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Terman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gümüş
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erçakmak
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ceren Günenç
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Beşer
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kösemehmetoğlu
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demiryürek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002102:Cadaver; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries
keywords: MRI; dissection; knee; medial collateral ligament; menisci