title: Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol intravenous infusion formulation optimization, stability and compatibility testing: A case study to overcome polysorbate 80 interference in chromatographic analysis.
abstract: Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol is a progestin/estrogen combination hormonal contraceptive indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women. The very poor solubility and wettability of these drugs, along with their high potency (adsorption issues), give rise to difficulties in designing intravenous (IV) formulations to assess absolute bioavailability of products containing both drugs. The purpose of this study was to develop an IV formulation, evaluate its stability under different conditions and evaluate its compatibility with IV sets for potential use in absolute bioavailability studies in humans. Also, a selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantification of ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin in polysorbate 80 matrix was developed and validated. Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol IV solution was prepared using sterile water for injection with 2.5% ethanol and 2.5% polysorbate 80 as a cosolvent/surfactant system to obtain a final drug solution of 25μg ethinyl estradiol and 252μg norelgestromin from a concentrated stock drug solution. The stabilities of the concentrated stock and IV solutions were assessed after storing them in the refrigerator (3.7±0.6°C) and at room temperature (19.5±0.5°C), respectively. Additional studies were conducted to examine the stability of the IV solution using an Alarias(®) low sorbing IV administration set with and without an inline filter. The solution was allowed to drip at 1mL/min over a 60min period. Samples were obtained at the beginning, middle and end of the 60min duration. The chemical stability was evaluated for up to 10 days. Norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol concentration, purity, and degradant levels were determined using the HPLC method. The norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol IV formulation met the chemical stability criteria when tested on day 1 through day 9 (216h). Norelgestromin concentrations assayed in stock and IV solutions were in the range of 90.0-98.5% and 90.9-98.8% after 9 days, respectively. As for ethinyl estradiol, the assayed concentrations were in the range of 91.8-100.9% and 92.7-100.8% for the stock and IV solutions, respectively. The administration set was found to be compatible with both drugs; the assayed concentrations were in the range of 99.2-100.3% for norelgestromin and 96.3-102.7% for ethinyl estradiol, but the inline filter showed some adsorption of ethinyl estradiol; where the assayed concentrations were in the range of 98.1-99.8% for norelgestromin and 95.9-97.4% for ethinyl estradiol. The present study provided evidence supporting the suitability of an intravenous formulation for norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol using ethanol/polysorbate 80 as a cosolvent/surfactant system. Both IV and concentrated stock solutions when stored at room temperature and refrigeration, respectively, were found to be chemically stable up to 9 days. These results indicated that this formulation is chemically stable and can be used over the time period tested. This IV formulation can be used to evaluate the absolute bioavailability of products containing norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol provided that microbial testing of the IV formulation is performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Inas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Dana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hammell
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: hhassan@rx.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Hazem E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: astinchc@rx.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Audra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Stinchcomb
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010091:Oximes; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; C449219:norelgestromin
keywords: Ethinyl estradiol; Intravenous solution; Norelgestromin; Polysorbate 80