title: Serum S100B as a Surrogate Biomarker in the Diagnoses of Burnout and Depression in Emergency Medicine Residents.
abstract: Burnout syndrome is recognized as a major global problem among emergency healthcare workers as it causes prevalent fatigue, job separations, and disappointment. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the glial marker S100B in sera of emergency physicians with burnout syndrome and depression.
  
  
  
  This was a prospective observational study of emergency medicine residents in three distinct university-based departments of emergency medicine. S100B levels were measured before and after the shifts. In addition, the resident completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) prior to starting the shift. S100B levels were compared to the occurrence of burnout syndrome and depression as measured by the MBI and BDI.
  
  
  
  Forty-eight of 53 emergency medicine residents actively working in the three university-based EDs participated in the study. The majority of the sample had BDI scores compatible with severe depression (n = 37, 77.1%). The median scores of MBI for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were 29 (interquartile range [IQR] = 25 to 33), 14 (IQR = 12 to 18), and 26.5 (IQR = 22 to 31), respectively. S100B levels were found to correlate best with scores of BDI and emotional exhaustion in burnout syndrome. The difference between median S100B levels recorded in the residents with severe depression and moderate depression was found statistically significant (median [IQR] = 150 [145 to 151] vs. 135 [128 to 140]; p = 0.0005). This is also true for S100B levels detected before and after night shifts (median [IQR] = 146 [136.5 to 153.2] and 149.5 [139-158], respectively; difference = 3, 95% confidence interval = 2 to 4 [p = 0.001]).
  
  
  
  S100B levels correlate with depression scores and emotional exhaustion in burnout syndrome. The findings suggest that S100B can be used as a marker to screen emergency medicine residents and detect individuals with high risk for depression and burnout syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bedia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gulen
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serinken
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cenker
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eken
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Karcıoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Okkes Taha
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Kucukdagli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Guleser
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nogay
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human