title: Occurrence of rhodamine B contamination in capsicum caused by agricultural materials during the vegetation process.
abstract: This paper reports on the environmental rhodamine B (RhB) contamination in capsicum caused by agricultural materials during the vegetation process. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was applied to detect 64 capsicum samples from China, Peru, India and Burma. Results demonstrated that RhB was found in all samples at low concentrations (0.11-0.98 μg/kg), indicating RhB contamination in capsicums is probably a ubiquitous phenomenon. In addition, studies into soils, roots, stems and leaves in Handan of Hebei province, China showed that the whole ecologic chain had been contaminated with RhB with the highest levels in leaves. The investigation into the agricultural environment in Handan of Hebei province and Korla of Xinjiang province, China demonstrated that the appearances of RhB contamination in the tested capsicums are mainly due to the agricultural materials contamination. The study verified that environmental contamination should be an important origin for the RhB contamination in capsicum fruits.
authors.affiliation: Chenguang Biotech Group Limited Corporation, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, Hebei, PR China. Electronic address: wunaiy@163.com.
authors.forename: Naiying
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Pigments, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Chenguang Biotech Group Limited Corporation, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Pigments, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Chenguang Biotech Group Limited Corporation, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Pigments, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Dengshuai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007194:India; D010568:Peru; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D012235:Rhodamines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C029773:rhodamine B
keywords: Agricultural materials; Capsicum; Contamination; Rhodamine B; UPLC-MS/MS