title: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE SPIRITUAL COPING STRATEGIES SCALE ARABIC VERSION IN SAUDI PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients often resort to religious and spiritual activities to cope with physical and mental challenges. The effect of spiritual coping on overall health, adaptation and health-related quality of life among patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) is well documented. Thus, it is essential to establish a valid and reliable instrument that can assess both the religious and non-religious coping methods in patients undergoing HD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale Arabic version (SCS-A) in Saudi patients undergoing HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 60 Saudi patients undergoing HD was recruited for this descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected between May and June 2015. Forward-backward translation was used to formulate the SCS-A. The SCS-A, Muslim Religiosity Scale and the Quality of Life Index Dialysis Version III were used to procure the data. Internal consistency reliability, stability reliability, factor analysis and construct validity tests were performed. Analyses were set at the 0.05 level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCS-A showed an acceptable internal consistency and strong stability reliability over time. The EFA produced two factors (non-religious and religious coping). Satisfactory construct validity was established by the convergent and divergent validity and known-groups method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SCS-A is a reliable and valid tool that can be used to measure the religious and non-religious coping strategies of patients undergoing HD in Saudi Arabia and other Muslim and Arabic-speaking countries.
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jonas P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.|Visiting Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales.|Adjunct Faculty Member, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Donia R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Baldacchino
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nahed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alquwez
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D029181:Spirituality; D014175:Translating
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Haemodialysis; Holistic nursing; Nursing; Validity and reliability