title: Medical management of glaucoma: focus on ophthalmologic drug delivery systems of timolol maleate.
abstract: Eye is a vital organ of our body and any complication not only poses the risk of serious medical condition but also economic burden on the individual. Timolol maleate is one of the preferable therapeutic agents for the management of glaucoma. Globally, eye drops are among the most common and popular conventional formulations, but they are also associated with some limitations in terms of therapeutic response, bioavailability, dosing frequency and poor patient compliance. Present paper gives an overview of the drug delivery systems developed for management of glaucoma, advances and novel approaches with special emphasis on timolol drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Technology , University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattishgarh , India.
authors.forename: Abhishek K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Technology , University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattishgarh , India.
authors.forename: Preeti K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Suresh
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D019468:Disease Management; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008863:Microspheres; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013999:Timolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D020100:Hydrogels; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011108:Polymers; D013999:Timolol
keywords: Eye; glaucoma; ocular; ocular drug delivery; ophthalmic; timolol; topical