title: Evaluation of a filament perforation model for mouse subarachnoid hemorrhage using 7.0 Tesla MRI.
abstract: The filament perforation model (FPM) in mice is becoming increasingly popular to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of neuronal injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We evaluated brain MRI in a mouse FPM. A total of 28 male C57Bl/6J mice were used. Seventeen animals underwent SAH induction by FPM. In two animals, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) was induced. Nine mice served as controls. T1-weighted images (T1WI), T2-weighted images (T2WI), T2(∗)-weighted images (T2*WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient maps were acquired at day 0 and at various time points following SAH (range: day 1-6 after SAH). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) analysis by (14)C-iodoamphetamine ((14)C-IMP) autoradiography was conducted in nine animals. Hemorrhage could be best confirmed using T2*WI. The degree of hemorrhage varied. All animals evaluated for ⩾2days were hydrocephalic, which was best seen on T2WI. T2-hyperintensity of the corpus callosum and external capsule, indicating white matter (WM) injury, was present after SAH. Ventricle and WM injury volumes were statistically significantly higher at day 3 compared to day 0. Territorial ischemia was detectable in MCAo but not in SAH. Markedly hypointense cortical veins were visible in the hyperacute and delayed phase after SAH on T2*WI. The (14)C-IMP analysis indicated decreased CBF after SAH. MRI is feasible and useful in evaluating pathophysiological changes over time. T2*WI seems best for SAH detection and grading. The chronological change of hydrocephalus and WM injury could be analyzed. T2*WI illustrated specific signal changes of cortical veins, possibly caused by increased oxygen extraction fraction due to decreased CBF.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aging and Brain Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address: carl.muroi@hispeed.ch.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muroi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takemi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rokugawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Misato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Edin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevzati
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural System, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuchi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aging and Brain Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aging and Brain Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural System, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Senri Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujioka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Filament perforation model; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mice; Subarachnoid hemorrhage