title: Assessment of association between molar incisor hypomineralization and hypomineralized second primary molar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The term molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been described as a clinical entity of systemic origin affecting the enamel of one or all first permanent molars and also the incisors; less frequently the second primary molars have also been reported to develop hypomineralization of the enamel, along with MIH.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To scrutinize the association between hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and MIH and their prevalence in schoolgoing pupils in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India and the associated severity of dental caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 1,109 pupils belonging to 3-12-year-old age group was included. The entire sample was then divided into Group I (3-5 years) and Group II (6-12 years). The scoring criteria proposed by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry for hypomineralization was used to score HSPM and MIH. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) was used for appraising caries status in the hypomineralized molars. The examination was conducted by a single calibrated dentist in schools in daylight. The results, thus obtained, were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the children examined, 10 in Group I (4.88%) had HSPM and 63 in Group II (7.11%) had MIH in at least one molar. In Group II, out of 63 subjects diagnosed with MIH, 30 subjects (48%) also had HSPM. Carious lesions with high severity were appreciated in hypomineralized molars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HSPM was 4.88% and of MIH was 7.11%. Approximately half of the affected first permanent molars were associated with HSPM. The likelihood of development of caries increased with the severity of hypomineralization defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Prabhat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Practicing Pediatric Dentist, Thane, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Jitesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pimpale
keywords: Dental caries; hypomineralized second primary molar; molar incisor hypomineralization