title: Effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and nitrate fertilization on glucosinolate biosynthesis in mechanically damaged Arabidopsis plants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels predicted to occur before the end of the century will impact plant metabolism. In addition, nitrate availability will affect metabolism and levels of nitrogen-containing defense compounds, such as glucosinolates (GSLs). We compared Arabidopsis foliar metabolic profile in plants grown under two CO2 regimes (440 vs 880 ppm), nitrate fertilization (1 mM vs 10 mM) and in response to mechanical damage of rosette leaves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constitutive foliar metabolites in nitrate-limited plants show distinct global patterns depending on atmospheric CO2 levels; in contrast, plants grown under higher nitrate fertilization under elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions have a unique metabolite signature. Nitrate fertilization dampens the jasmonate burst in response to wounding in plants grown at elevated CO2 levels. Leaf GSL profile mirrors the jasmonate burst; in particular, indole GSLs increase in response to damage in plants grown at ambient CO2 but only in nitrate-limited plants grown under elevated CO2 conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This may reflect a reduced capacity of C3 plants grown under enriched CO2 and nitrate levels to signal changes in oxidative stress and has implications for future agricultural management practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
authors.forename: Jamuna Risal
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Paudel
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amirizian
authors.affiliation: Molecular Interaction Ecology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krosse
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giddings
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
authors.forename: Shoieb Akaram Arief
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.|Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gloer
authors.affiliation: Molecular Interaction Ecology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands.|Current Address: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 52, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada. Jacqueline.bede@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Jacqueline C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-8279
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bede
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001272:Atmosphere; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D005308:Fertilizers; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D005961:Glucosinolates; D009566:Nitrates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Carbon dioxide; Glucosinolate; Nitrate fertilization