title: Accuracy of 2 Clinical Tests for Ischiofemoral Impingement in Patients With Posterior Hip Pain and Endoscopically Confirmed Diagnosis.
abstract: To establish the accuracy of the long-stride walking (LSW) and ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) tests for diagnosing IFI in patients whose primary symptom is posterior hip pain.
  
  
  
  Confirmed IFI cases and cases in which IFI had been ruled out were identified considering imaging, injections, and endoscopic assessment, combined with pain relief and negative IFI-specific tests after treatment. Demographic data, duration of symptoms, pain location, ischiofemoral space, quadratus femoris space, quadratus femoris edema, surgical findings, and visual analog scale score for pain before and after treatment were computed for all patients included in this study. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios were computed individually for the LSW test and IFI test.
  
  
  
  Cases from 1,166 consecutive hip operations and charts from 564 consecutive outpatients were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent injection and/or endoscopic surgery because of posterior hip pain. Thirty individuals (21 women and 9 men) with a mean age of 49.8 years (range, 20 to 76 years; standard deviation, 13.0 years) were included for analysis. Of the 30 patients, 17 (56.6%) were confirmed as positive for IFI and 13 (43.4%) were confirmed as negative for IFI. The IFI test had a sensitivity of 0.82, specificity of 0.85, positive predictive value of 0.88, negative predictive value of 0.79, positive likelihood ratio of 5.35, negative likelihood ratio of 0.21, and diagnostic odds ratio of 25.6. The LSW test had a sensitivity of 0.94, specificity of 0.85, positive predictive value of 0.89, negative predictive value of 0.92, positive likelihood ratio of 6.12, negative likelihood ratio of 0.07, and diagnostic odds ratio of 88.8.
  
  
  
  In patients with complaints of posterior hip pain and negative evaluation findings for lumbosacral spine involvement or static/dynamic mechanical axis malalignment, the IFI and LSW tests are highly accurate to help identify those with or without IFI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study.
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.; Orthopedic Unit, Clínica Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia; GRINMADE Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: juangomezhoyos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Hoyos
authors.affiliation: Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: RobRoy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ian James
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Hal David
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D006801:Humans; D007512:Ischium; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult