title: Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) in children: what the pediatric radiologists need to know.
abstract: Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a relatively uncommon and potentially life-threatening condition in childhood, occurring in various clinical settings. Nowadays, however, it is increasingly diagnosed as related to many causes, likely due to greater clinical awareness and improvement of neuroradiologic techniques. The prompt diagnosis is an important goal to significantly reduce the risk of acute complications and long-term sequelae. The purpose of this narrative overview is to provide a useful educational tool in daily clinical practice for radiologists with a broad perspective of CSVT including a discussion of more common potential pitfalls related to misinterpretation of images in children. This paper will also review the normal venous anatomy, its variants, risk factors that contribute to cause CSVT (neonates with their specific causes of CSVT are not included in this review) and the practical imaging feature of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis on MRI and CT. Finally, a brief overview of frequent and severe CSVT conditions in children with key points in imaging is shown.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy. chiara1.carducci@opbg.net.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carducci
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna Stefania
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Colafati
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Figà-Talamanca
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lunardi
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Randisi
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: CT venography; Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis; Children; MR venography; TOF