title: Biodetection of potential genotoxic pollutants entering the human food chain through ashes used in livestock diets.
abstract: Ash derived from energy generation is used as a source of minerals in livestock feeds. The microbial biosensor recApr-Luc2 was built to detect genotoxic hazard in recycled ash. Escherichia coli SOS gene (recA, lexA, dinI and umuC) expression in response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage led to the selection of the recA promoter. The biosensor required functional RecA expression to respond to genotoxic heavy metals (Cr>Cd≈Pb), and polluted ash induced a strong recApr-Luc2 response. In human liver and intestinal cells, heavy metals induced acute toxicity (Cr>Cd>Pb) at concentrations sufficient to activate recApr-Luc2. Cytostatic effects, including genotoxicity, were cell- and metal-dependent, apart from Cr. In agreement with the recApr-Luc2 bioassay, Cr had the strongest effect in all cells. In conclusion, recApr-Luc2 could be useful for evaluating the genotoxic risk of pollutants present in ash that might be concentrated in animal products and, thus, entering the human food chain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Vicente
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herraez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Briz
authors.affiliation: Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nogales
authors.affiliation: Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduarda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molina-Alcaide
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jjgmarin@usal.es.
authors.forename: Jose J G
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Marin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020387:Food Chain; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock / Q000254:growth & development*; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000235:genetics; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009153:Mutagens; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly; D011938:Rec A Recombinases
keywords: By-products; Cadmium dichloride (PubChem CID: 24947); Cancer; Carcinogenesis; Cisplatin; DNA damage; Lead nitrate (PubChem CID: 24924); Olive cake; Potassium dichromate (PubChem CID: 24502); RecA; Recycled wood; SOS response; cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (PubChem CID: 2767)