title: Comparison of the Profile and Composition of Volatiles in Coniferous Needles According to Extraction Methods.
abstract: The enantiomeric distribution and profile of volatiles in plants, which affect the biological and organoleptic properties, can be varied depending on extraction methods as well as their cultivars. The secondary volatile components of the needles of three conifer cultivars (Chamaecyparispisifera, Chamaecyparisobtusa, and Thujaorientalis) were compared. Furthermore, the effects of three different extraction methods--solid-phase microextraction (SPME), steam distillation (SD), and solvent extraction (SE)--on the composition and enantiomeric distribution of those volatiles were elucidated. Monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated in all samples, and the compositions of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes differed according to the cultivar. In particular, the yields of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were greatest for SD, whereas those of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were highest for SE. On the other hand, more monoterpenes with higher volatility could be obtained with SPME and SD than when using SE. In addition, the enantiomeric composition of nine chiral compounds found in three cultivars differed according to their chemotype. There were also some differences in the yielded oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, but not monoterpene hydrocarbons, according to the extraction method. These results demonstrate that the extraction methods used as well as the cultivars influence the measured volatile profiles and enantiomeric distribution of coniferous needle extracts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ggumzo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yonjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. smlee78@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. nia98@daum.net.
authors.forename: Hyun Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Kyounggido 456-756, Korea. hongjin@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hong Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea. hykychoi@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyung-Kyoon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Horticultural Research Institute, Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research &amp; Extension Service, Najusi, Jeollanamdo 520-715, Korea. hyeong21@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Gyeong Suk
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. yskim10@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D064028:Tracheophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D039821:Monoterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Cupressaceae family; GC-MS; coniferous needles; enantiomeric distribution; extraction methods; volatile composition