title: Directed Self-Assembly Pathways of Active Colloidal Clusters.
abstract: Despite the mounting interest in synthetic active particles, too little is known about their assembly into higher-order clusters. Here, mixing bare silica particles with Janus particles that are self-propelled in electric fields, we assemble rotating chiral clusters of various sorts, their structures consisting of active particles wrapped around central "hub" particles. These clusters self-assemble from the competition between standard energetic interactions and the need to be stable as the clusters rotate when the energy source is turned on, and fall apart when the energy input is off. This allows one to guide the formation of intended clusters, as the final structure depends notably on the sequence of steps in which the clusters form.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. sgranick@ibs.re.kr.|IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea. sgranick@ibs.re.kr.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Granick
keywords: Janus particle; colloids; dynamic pathway; self-assembly; self-propelled particle