title: Relation among 25(OH)D, Aquatic Exercises, and Multifunctional Fitness on Functional Performance of Elderly Women from the Community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a relation among 25(OH)D, aquatic training, and multifunctional fitness on functional performance of elderly woman from the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated elderly women aged ≥ 60 years (67±5 years old). One-hundred eighty were engaged in aquatic training (AT), 119 in multifunctional fitness (MF) for at least one year, and sedentary group (SED) with 162 independent elderly women from the community centers who had not practicing any regular physical exercise at least one year before.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timed up-and-go (TUG), 2-minute step test (2MST), 30-second chair stand (CS), arm curl (AC), functional reach test (FRT), unipedal balance test (UB) with visual control, handgrip right (HR) and handgrip left (HL) portable dynamometer for strength hip flexors (Hip strength) and knee extensors (Knee strength), serum 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), and creatinine clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical and functional tests showed differences among the three groups (ST; TUG, CS, AC, FR and USB = p <0.001). The PTH and the TUG test correlated inversely with 25(OH)D (r = -0.29 - p <0.001/ r = - 0.16 - p <0.001), also between 25(OH)D and BMI for AT and MF groups respectively (r= -0,15; p=0,04/ r= - 0,19; p=0,036). The AC test showed positive correlation (r = 0, 1 - p <0.001). The age and 25(OH)D were controlled and assumed to be a covariates in the statistical analysis that employed ANCOVA. There was difference on the performance of TUG test (p= 0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TUG performance was associated with age, exercise type and serum levels of 25(OH)D. The 25(OH)D insufficiency was common in elderly women from subtropical areas.
authors.affiliation: Neide Alessandra Perigo Nascimento, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP-São Paulo Brazil, neidealesp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: N A Perigo
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: P F P
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: L D F
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: M Lazaretti
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: C A F
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: C M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: M Seabra
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cendoroglo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D