title: The association between metacognitions and the impact of Fibromyalgia in a German sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition of unknown aetiology, characterised by widespread pain, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. In this paper we examined the relationship metacognitions and the impact of Fibromyalgia in a German sample, detailing the translation and validation of a self-report metacognitive instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Metacognitions about Symptoms Control Scale (MaSCS) was translated into German using the back-forward translation process. A total of 348 patients (316 female and 26 male) with Fibromyalgia contributed data to the study to test the structure and psychometric properties of the MaSCS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analyses, informed by modification indices, resulted in a 16-item scale consisting of two factors pertaining to positive and negative metacognitions about symptoms control. Further analyses revealed that both factors had good internal consistency. Correlation analyses established convergent validity, indicating that both factors were significantly associated with: (1) established positive and negative metacognitions scales; and (2) with symptoms severity in Fibromyalgia. Regression analyses revealed that positive metacognitions about symptoms control significantly predicted impairment in physical functioning while negative metacognitions about symptoms control significantly predicted the overall Fibromyalgia impact value, when controlling for stress, anxiety, and depression and a general metacognitions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the potential relevance of metacognitions, and utility of the German version of MaSCS, in examining the role of metacognitions in Fibromyalgia and other chronic health conditions.
authors.affiliation: Philipps University Marburg, Institute of Psychology, Germany; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, London, UK. Electronic address: josiannekollmann@aol.com.
authors.forename: Josianne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kollmann
authors.affiliation: Philipps University Marburg, Institute of Psychology, Germany. Electronic address: mario.gollwitzer@uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gollwitzer
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK. Electronic address: spadam@lsbu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marcantonio M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, London, UK; CASCAID, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: bruce.fernie@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fernie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000523:psychology*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067489:Metacognition; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014177:Translations
keywords: Fibromyalgia; Metacognitions; Psychometric measure; Symptoms control; Translation