title: Low-Flow Vascular Malformation Pitfalls: From Clinical Examination to Practical Imaging Evaluation--Part 1, Lymphatic Malformation Mimickers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Palpable subcutaneous masses present in various shapes and sizes in the pediatric population and, accordingly, represent a variety of underlying causes. Lymphatic and venous malformations are among the most common pediatric subcutaneous lesions. However, there are congenital and acquired, as well as benign and malignant, soft-tissue masses that can mimic them clinically and at imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we review the natural history, wide range of clinical presentations, and varied but characteristic imaging appearance of lymphatic malformations that can pose diagnostic difficulties in children. In addition, the clinical and imaging characteristics of some pediatric soft-tissue pathologies that can mimic lymphatic malformations and clues to reach a proper diagnosis are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida, Miami Beach, FL.
authors.forename: Candace L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida, Miami Beach, FL.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Radiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami Children's Health System, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Radiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami Children's Health System, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McKeon
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Radiology, Benioff Children's Hospital at Oakland, University of California at San Francisco, Oakland, CA.
authors.forename: S Pinar
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Karakas
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital. Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Edward Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018204:Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue / Q000175:diagnosis; D013724:Teratoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: lymphatic; lymphatic malformation; mimic; pitfall; slow-flow malformation; vascular malformation