title: Ciprofloxacin HCl-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles: preparation, solid state characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Ciprofloxacin HCl-loaded calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles were prepared via a w/o microemulsion method and characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro drug release profiles as well as antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were also evaluated. The antibacterial effect was studied using serial dilution technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanoparticles and was confirmed by streak cultures. The mean particle size, drug loading and entrapment efficiency were calculated to be 116.09 nm, 20.49% and 44.05%, respectively. PXRD and FTIR studies confirmed that both vaterite and calcite polymorphs of CaCO3were formed during the preparation process. In vitro release profiles of the nanoparticles showed slow release pattern for 12 h. The drug-loaded nanoparticles showed similar MICs against S. aureus compared to untreated drug. However, a preserved antimicrobial effect was observed for drug-loaded nanoparticles compared to untreated drug after 2 days of incubation.
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Solmaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maleki Dizaj
authors.affiliation: c Hematology and Oncology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|d Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotfipour
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Jalali
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zarrintan
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adibkia
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004655:Emulsions; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004655:Emulsions; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; CaCO3; Staphylococcus aureus; ciprofloxacin HCl; microemulsion; nanoparticles