title: Sulforaphane induces apoptosis and inhibits invasion in U251MG glioblastoma cells.
abstract: In recent studies, sulforaphane (SFN) has been seen to demonstrate antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, the viability inhibition effects of SFN in U251MG glioblastoma cells were analyzed by MTS. Morphology changes were observed by microscope. Apoptotic effects of SFN were evaluated by annexin V binding capacity with flow cytometric analysis. Invasion inhibition effects of SFN were tested by the invasion assay. The molecular mechanisms of apoptotic effects and invasion inhibition effects of SFN were detected by western blot and gelatin zymography. The results indicated that SFN has potent apoptotic effects and invasion inhibition effects against U251MG glioblastoma cells. These effects are both dose dependent. Taken together, SFN possessed apoptotic activity on U251MG cells indicated by increased annexin V-binding capacity, Bad, Bax, cytochrome C expression, and decreased Bcl-2 and survivin expressions. SFN inhibited invasion in U251MG cells via upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9 and Galectin-3.
authors.affiliation: Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China.
authors.forename: Chunliu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Yuejuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Benjun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bi
keywords: Apoptosis; Invasion; Sulforaphane; U251MG