title: Anti-inflammatory effects of three kinds of traditional Mongolian medicine monomer and its combination on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM) exhibits useful biological activities including antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory actions. The mechanisms of TMM in anti-inflammation were still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the three main monomers (geniposide, gallate, berberine hydrochloride and a mixture of them) of a traditional Mongolian medicine on cell survival and the proinflammatory cytokines signaling pathways which are activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 was used as a model of inflammation to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of three TMM momomers and their combination. RT-PCR and Western blot was used to quantify the change of mRNA and protein levels of cytokines, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) and its inhibitor IκB. The non-radioactive electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to evaluate the binding activity of NF-κB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The monomers and their combination exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect for suppressing the LPS-evoked secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα. Furthermore, the monomers and their combination attenuated activation of NF-κB and expression of TLR4 at both mRNA and protein levels, the upstream player of the LPS-TLR4-cytokines/ NF-κB signaling pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mongolia herbal compound exerts a potent anti-inflammatory effect and could potentially be developed as a useful agent for the chemo-prevention of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: BaoTou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China. huanglihua858@163.com.
authors.forename: L-H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: X-P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: K-R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001599:Berberine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D039823:Iridoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D056785:Medicine, Mongolian Traditional; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D039823:Iridoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D001599:Berberine; C007835:geniposide; D005707:Gallic Acid