title: Mechanisms of resistance to insecticides targeting RDL GABA receptors in planthoppers.
abstract: Lindane and cyclodienes, such as dieldrin and α-endosulfan, represent the first generation of noncompetitive antagonists (NCAs) against the insect RDL GABA receptor. It has been reported that A2'S and A2'G mutations in the membrane-spanning region M2 of the RDL GABA receptor confer resistance to lindane and cyclodienes. Fipronil is a second-generation NCA, but A2'S and A2'G mutations provide a low level of cross-resistance to fipronil. Moreover, a novel A2'N mutation that confers fipronil resistance was found in M2 of the RDL GABA receptors from fipronil-resistant planthoppers in the heterozygous state. Thus, problems are being caused by a worldwide appearance of cyclodiene-resistant pests. And attention must be paid to development of fipronil-resistant planthoppers, such as Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Agrochemical Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan. Electronic address: Toshifumi.Nakao@mitsuichemicals.com.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C082360:fipronil
keywords: Cyclodiene resistance; Fipronil resistance; RDL GABA receptor