title: Correlates of shoulder pain in wheelchair basketball players from the Japanese national team: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reveal correlates of shoulder pain in wheelchair basketball players from the Japanese national team.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants were 19 males (29.7 ± 5.2 years) and 21 females (29.0 ± 8.2 years) players. We assessed shoulder pain using the wheelchair user's shoulder pain index (WUSPI). As potential correlates of shoulder pain, age, ability class, practice time and years of experience in wheelchair basketball were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total WUSPI score for men (16.18 ± 17.39 points) was significantly higher than that for women (8.62 ± 15.70 points). In men, higher age was significantly correlated with greater shoulder pain for total WUSPI score and on two WUSPI items. Lower ability in wheelchair basketball was correlated with men's greater shoulder pain on three WUSPI items. In men, there were also significant correlations between longer years of experience and greater shoulder pain for total WUSPI score and on three WUSPI items. For women, there were significant correlations between longer practice time and less pain for total WUSPI score and on four WUSPI items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because top male wheelchair basketball players have a higher risk of shoulder pain than female players, daily care of shoulder and periodic medical checkups are needed, especially for older male players with lower ability and more experience.
authors.affiliation: Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Healthcare, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mutsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Healthcare, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Healthcare, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukaya
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Art and Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wadano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001490:Basketball; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012737:Sex Factors; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: Shoulder pain; athlete; disability; wheelchair sports; wheelchair user's shoulder pain index