title: Disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) expression in gastroesophageal reflux disease and in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinically useful marker molecules for the progression of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are lacking. Many adenocarcinomas and inflammatory conditions exhibit increased expression of ADAMs, 'a disintegrin and metalloproteinases'.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the expression of five ADAMs (9, 10, 12, 17, 19) in three esophageal cell lines (Het-1A, OE19, OE33) by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and in human samples of normal esophagus, esophagitis, BE, Barrett's dysplasia, and EAC by RT-PCR, and in selected samples by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EAC patients showed increased mRNA expression of ADAMs 9, 12, 17 and 19, as compared to controls. At immunohistochemistry, ADAM9 and ADAM10 proteins were increased in EAC. Patient samples also showed increased mRNA expression of ADAM12 in esophagitis, of ADAM9 in BE, and of ADAMs 9, 12 and 19 in Barrett's dysplasia, as compared to controls. Two EAC cell lines showed increased ADAM9 mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADAM9 expression is increased in EAC. Its predecessors show increased ADAM9 mRNA expression. The importance of the alterations in ADAM expression for the development of EAC, and their use as marker molecules, warrant further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Surgery, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauttu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vainionpää
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krogerus
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Surgery, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilonen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Surgery, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Surgery, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. pauli.puolakkainen@hus.fi.|Department of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. pauli.puolakkainen@hus.fi.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D019483:Disintegrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019483:Disintegrins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051722:ADAM Proteins
keywords: ADAM molecules; Barrett’s esophagus; Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Gastroesophageal reflux disease