title: Rates and consequences of posttraumatic distress among American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: This study examined the prevalence of screened posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated diabetes-related outcomes. A sample of American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 218) participated in interviewer-administered surveys. Using a cutoff of 3 on the Primary Care PTSD screener, 21.8 % of participants screened positive for PTSD. PTSD symptoms were negatively associated with self-rated health status and positively associated with past year hospitalization after controlling for several demographic factors, but not after controlling for depressive symptoms. Past month frequency of hyperglycemia symptoms was not related to PTSD symptoms. When grouped by mental health conditions (neither screened PTSD nor depressive symptoms, screened PTSD only, depressive symptoms only, and both), those with both screened PTSD and depressive symptoms reported the highest proportion of any past month hyperglycemia, past year hospitalization, and low self-rated health status. Screened PTSD, especially in those with comorbid depressive symptoms, is an important consideration in diabetes care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, 232 Life Science, 1110 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA. arons071@d.umn.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, 232 Life Science, 1110 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Palombi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Walls
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: American Indian; Depression; Disease outcomes; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Trauma; Type 2 diabetes