title: Transmaxillary Sinus Approach for Le Fort II Osteotomy.
abstract: The Le Fort II osteotomy is a relatively rare operation. The posterior wall osteotomy of the maxillary sinus (MS) is often difficult for Le Fort III. We developed the transmaxillary sinus approach (TSA) for the Le Fort II osteotomy that cuts the posterior wall of the MS directly. This report illustrates this easy-to-use procedure for the Le Fort II osteotomy in syndromic craniosynostosis. This procedure was performed in an 18-year-old patient with Apert syndrome and a 15-year-old patient with Pfeiffer syndrome. The thin anterior walls of the MS were removed through an intraoral approach to look inside the MS. Then, the posterior walls were cut by chisel under direct vision using light. The other osteotomy was performed as usual. Distraction osteogenesis with internal and external devices was used in combination. The advantages of TSA are the direct posterior wall osteotomy of the MS with no down fracture and minimal invasiveness to the mucosa of the MS under direct vision. However, the disadvantage is that TSA becomes a blind procedure in a case with no MS or hypoplasia. We developed the TSA for the Le Fort II osteotomy, which could provide direct observation and perform the posterior wall osteotomy of the MS without down fracture. We believe that TSA is an effective surgical procedure for the Le Fort II osteotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangawa Children's Medical Center, Kangawa, Japan; Fukawa Orthodontic Office, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa, Japan; Hirakawa Orthodontic Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangawa Children's Medical Center, Kangawa, Japan; Fukawa Orthodontic Office, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa, Japan; Hirakawa Orthodontic Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangawa Children's Medical Center, Kangawa, Japan; Fukawa Orthodontic Office, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa, Japan; Hirakawa Orthodontic Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangawa Children's Medical Center, Kangawa, Japan; Fukawa Orthodontic Office, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa, Japan; Hirakawa Orthodontic Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangawa Children's Medical Center, Kangawa, Japan; Fukawa Orthodontic Office, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa, Japan; Hirakawa Orthodontic Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maegawa