title: Degradation of chlorinated organic solvents in aqueous percarbonate system using zeolite supported nano zero valent iron (Z-nZVI) composite.
abstract: Chlorinated organic solvents (COSs) are extensively detected in contaminated soil and groundwater that pose long-term threats to human life and environment. In order to degrade COSs effectively, a novel catalytic composite of natural zeolite-supported nano zero valent iron (Z-nZVI) was synthesized in this study. The performance of Z-nZVI-catalyzed sodium percarbonate (SPC) in a heterogeneous Fenton-like system was investigated for the degradation of COSs such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) and trichloroethylene (TCE). The surface characteristics and morphology of the Z-nZVI composite were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Total pore volume, specific surface area, and pore size of the natural zeolite and the Z-nZVI composite were measured using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. SEM and TEM analysis showed significant elimination of aggregation and well dispersion of iron nano particles on the framework of natural zeolite. The BET N2 measurement analysis indicated that the surface area of the Z-nZVI composite was 72.3 m(2)/g, much larger than that of the natural zeolite (0.61 m(2)/g). For the contaminant analysis, the samples were extracted with n-hexane and analyzed through gas chromatograph. The degradation of 1,1,1-TCA and TCE in the Z-nZVI-catalyzed percarbonate system were 48 and 39 % respectively, while strong augmentation was observed up to 83 and 99 %, respectively, by adding the reducing agent (RA), hydroxyl amine (NH2OH•HCl). Probe tests validated the presence of OH(●) and O2 (●-) which were responsible for 1,1,1-TCA and TCE degradation, whereas both free radicals were strengthened with the addition of RA. In conclusion, the Z-nZVI/SPC oxidation with reducing agent shows potential technique for degradation of groundwater contaminated by 1,1,1-TCA and TCE.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danish
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. lvshuguang@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Building and Environment, Mälardalen University, Västerås, 72123, Sweden.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naqvi
mesh_terms: D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D060587:Groundwater; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014240:Trichloroethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D006586:Hexanes; D012997:Solvents; D014240:Trichloroethanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C024566:1,1,1-trichloroethane; D017641:Zeolites; D014241:Trichloroethylene; C026385:n-hexane; D007501:Iron; C034738:sodium percarbonate
keywords: 1,1,1-TCA; Groundwater remediation; Nano scale zeolite composite; TCE; Zero valent iron