title: Local Ablation for Solid Tumor Liver Metastases: Techniques and Treatment Efficacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment options for liver metastases from solid tumors, such as colon cancer, breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and sarcomas, have expanded in recent years and now include nonresection methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature focused on the treatment of liver metastases was reviewed for technique, perioperative, and long-term outcomes specifically related to local ablation techniques for liver metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ablation modalities have become popular as therapies for patients who are not appropriate candidates for surgical resection. Use of these techniques, alone or in combination with other liver-directed therapies (and often systemic therapy), has extended the rate of survival for patients with liver metastases and, at times, offers nearly equivalent disease-free survival rates to surgical resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although surgical resection remains the optimal treatment for liver metastasis, local options, including microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation, can offer similar long-term local control in appropriately selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. jwong1@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology*; D013696:Temperature; D016896:Treatment Outcome