title: Dependence of the Nature of the Pedaling Activity on Maximal Aerobic Power in Cycling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of the pedaling activity in different 4-min time trials (TT4s) (laboratory and field conditions) and compare TT4 and maximal aerobic power (MAP) determined from the classical incremental exercise test in laboratory. It was hypothesized that the exercises performed on the field would determine higher physical (power output [PO]) and mental involvements due to different environmental conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen male cyclists underwent an incremental test to exhaustion and 3 TT4s under different conditions: cycle ergometer (CE), level ground (LG), and uphill (UP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation was observed for PO with a trivial effect size and narrow limits of agreement between MAP and CE TT4 (r = .96, P < .001). The comparison between the CE, LG, and UP tests indicates that PO was significantly higher in UP than in CE (+8.0%, P < .001) and LG (+11.0%, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that PO depends on the nature of the pedaling activity. Moreover, PO under CE TT4 is a relevant predictor of MAP. It seems important to measure MAP by taking into account the cycling conditions, considering that coaches and scientists use this parameter to assess the aerobic potential of athletes and determine the exercise intensities useful for monitoring adaptation to training.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouillod
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinot
authors.forename: Flavien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soenen
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ouvrard
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grappe
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: field test; performance; power output; training