title: Exploring the utility of the vignette technique in promoting advance care planning discussions with cancer patients and caregivers.
abstract: We aimed to specifically examine patients' and caregivers' perspectives about the use of the vignette technique (VT) integrating clinical scenarios, as a potential tool for facilitating advance care planning (ACP) discussions.
  
  
  
  Secondary analysis of data from three studies that incorporated the VT, focusing on statements specific to use of the VT and using a qualitative descriptive design informed by grounded theory.
  
  
  
  Data from 85 participants were analyzed. Participants varied in their personal identification with scenarios, with caregivers being more accurate. Scenarios prompted consideration and participation in ACP discussions, sometimes steering conversations in directions that participants were ready to consider. However, scenarios also risked evoking distress in participants who may have chosen to avoid discussions.
  
  
  
  For some patients, scenarios of possible clinical outcomes may provide a neutral platform to promote ACP conversations in a non-threatening manner and allow for exploration of ACP domains to greater depth.
  
  
  
  Vignettes may be used in staff training through role-play or case discussions; as part of face-to-face interventions to improve knowledge and information processing and to facilitate the initiation of sensitive conversations. Its use in audio-visual formats may further enhance end-of-life dialogue and warrants further consideration.
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Service, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: nmichael@cabrini.com.au.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Service, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.affiliation: HammondCare Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Josephine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clayton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032722:Advance Care Planning; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research
keywords: Advanced care planning; Cancer; Qualitative research; Secondary analysis