title: Serum Surfactant Protein D is Associated with Atherosclerosis of the Carotid Artery in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is an inflammatory modulator that has been associated with cardiovascular disease-related mortality, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and major adverse cardiac events in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between SP-D level and atherosclerosis in patients on hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 116 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were recruited to this cross-sectional study. As a marker of atherosclerosis, the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) was measured by high-resolution ultrasonography, and the coronary artery calcification (CAC) score was determined by multislice computed tomography. Serum SP-D levels were measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients on long-term hemodialysis, the mean serum SP-D level was 192.9 +/- 89.6 pg/mL (range: 89-537 pg/mL). The serum SP-D level exhibited positive correlations with CA-IMT (r = 0.497, p < 0.0001) and severe CAC (r = 0.352, p = 0.02), which persisted after multivariate adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SP-D level showed positive correlations with carotid CA-IMT and CAC in patients on long-term hemodialysis. Therefore, SP-D may be a novel marker of atherosclerosis in patients with hemodialysis.
authors.forename: Fengqi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qinglian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yongfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D