title: Amblyopia Associated with Congenital Facial Nerve Paralysis.
abstract: The association between congenital facial paralysis and visual development has not been thoroughly studied. Of 27 pediatric cases of congenital facial paralysis, we identified 3 patients who developed amblyopia, a visual acuity decrease caused by abnormal visual development, as comorbidity. These 3 patients had facial paralysis in the periocular region and developed amblyopia on the paralyzed side. They started treatment by wearing an eye patch immediately after diagnosis and before the critical visual developmental period; all patients responded to the treatment. Our findings suggest that the incidence of amblyopia in the cases of congenital facial paralysis, particularly the paralysis in the periocular region, is higher than that in the general pediatric population. Interestingly, 2 of the 3 patients developed anisometropic amblyopia due to the hyperopia of the affected eye, implying that the periocular facial paralysis may have affected the refraction of the eye through yet unspecified mechanisms. Therefore, the physicians who manage facial paralysis should keep this pathology in mind, and when they see pediatric patients with congenital facial paralysis involving the periocular region, they should consult an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*