title: Species of the Colletotrichum acutatum complex associated with anthracnose diseases of fruit in Brazil.
abstract: Although Colletotrichum acutatum was recently investigated and shown to be a species complex comprising about 30 species, the name is still used in its broad sense for anthracnose pathogens of fruits in Brazil. In this study, a multilocus molecular analysis was carried out based on a dataset of ITS, HIS3, GAPDH, CHS-1, TUB2 and ACT sequences of Colletotrichum strains belonging to the C. acutatum species complex from fruits collected in different regions in Brazil combined with sequences of ex-type and other reference strains of species belonging to this complex. The strains were revealed to belong to Colletotrichum nymphaeae, Colletotrichum melonis, Colletotrichum abscissum and one new species, namely Colletotrichum paranaense, from apple and peach. Morphological descriptions of the new species and a strain closely related to but diverging from C. melonis are provided. From the data presently available, the most common species on apple fruits in Brazil is C. nymphaeae. In a pathogenicity test, strains of all four species caused lesions on detached apple, peach and guava fruits, except for strain CBS 134730 that did not infect guava fruits.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 710, CEP 44380-000, Cruz das Almas-BA, Brazil. Electronic address: cbraganca@ufrb.edu.br.
authors.forename: Carlos A D
authors.initials: CAD
authors.lastname: Bragança
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Görlitz PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany. Electronic address: ulrike.damm@senckenberg.de.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France. Electronic address: riccardobaroncelli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baroncelli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. Electronic address: nmassola@usp.br.
authors.forename: Nelson S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Massola Júnior
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: Pedro W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Crous
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027845:Malus / Q000382:microbiology; D008853:Microscopy; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D000068239:Prunus persica / Q000382:microbiology; D031647:Psidium / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005656:Fungal Proteins
keywords: Identification; Multilocus phylogeny; Pathogenicity; Plant pathogenic fungus; Systematics