title: Effective Identification of Low-Gliadin Wheat Lines by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): Implications for the Development and Analysis of Foodstuffs Suitable for Celiac Patients.
abstract: METHODS
  The aim of this work was to assess the ability of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to distinguish wheat lines with low gliadin content, obtained by RNA interference (RNAi), from non-transgenic wheat lines. The discriminant analysis was performed using both whole grain and flour. The transgenic sample set included 409 samples for whole grain sorting and 414 samples for flour experiments, while the non-transgenic set consisted of 126 and 156 samples for whole grain and flour, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples were scanned using a Foss-NIR Systems 6500 System II instrument. Discrimination models were developed using the entire spectral range (400-2500 nm) and ranges of 400-780 nm, 800-1098 nm and 1100-2500 nm, followed by analysis of means of partial least square (PLS). Two external validations were made, using samples from the years 2013 and 2014 and a minimum of 99% of the flour samples and 96% of the whole grain samples were classified correctly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate the ability of NIRS to successfully discriminate between wheat samples with low-gliadin content and wild types. These findings are important for the development and analysis of foodstuff for celiac disease (CD) patients to achieve better dietary composition and a reduction in disease incidence.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Mejora Genética, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: García-Molina
authors.affiliation: NIR/MIR Spectroscopy Unit, Central Service for Research Support, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Olmo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Mejora Genética, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barro
mesh_terms: D002446:Celiac Disease; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005903:Gliadin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005903:Gliadin