title: Multiplex single molecule counting technology used to generate interleukin 4, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 reference limits.
abstract: Detecting biomarkers at pg/ml concentrations or below is, in many situations, critical for quantifying levels in healthy individuals as well as the changes that can occur in the progression of disease states. The ability to detect multiple biomarkers from the same sample allows for better diagnoses, more efficient testing, and lower volumes of sample required. Based on single molecule counting technology, a multiplex instrument was designed and built that is capable of detecting cytokines and other low-abundance proteins at sub-pg/ml quantities in human plasma samples. The multiplex single molecule counting instrument was used to generate 95% reference limits for interleukin 4 (IL-4, <0.61 pg/ml), interleukin 6 (IL-6, <6.53 pg/ml), and interleukin 10 (IL-10, <1.08 pg/ml) from 100 healthy human donor plasma samples, with more than 90% of IL-4 concentrations and 100% of IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations above the limit of detection.
authors.affiliation: R&D Department, Singulex, Alameda, CA 94502, USA. Electronic address: m.gilbert@singulex.com.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: R&D Department, Singulex, Alameda, CA 94502, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: R&D Department, Singulex, Alameda, CA 94502, USA.
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felberg
authors.affiliation: R&D Department, Singulex, Alameda, CA 94502, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: Biomarkers; Cytokines; Immunoassays; Multiplex; Reference limits; Single molecule detection