title: Competing risks of death in women treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer on NCIC CTG MA.27.
abstract: Baseline patient and tumor characteristics differentially affected type of death in the MA.17 placebo-controlled letrozole trial where cardiovascular death was not separately identified. The MA.27 trial allowed competing risks analysis of breast cancer (BC), cardiovascular, and other type (OT) of death. MA.27 was a phase III adjuvant breast cancer trial of exemestane versus anastrozole. Effects of baseline patient and tumor characteristics were tested for whether factors were associated with (1) all cause mortality and (2) cause-specific mortality. We also fit step-wise forward cause-specific-adjusted models. 7576 women (median age 64 years; 5417 (72 %) < 70 years and 2159 (28 %) ≥ 70 years) were enrolled and followed for median 4.1 years. The 432 deaths comprised 187 (43 %) BC, 66 (15 %) cardiovascular, and 179 (41 %) OT. Five baseline factors were differentially associated with type of death. Older patients had greater BC (p = 0.03), cardiovascular (p < 0.001), and other types (p < 0.001) of mortality. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular history had worse cardiovascular mortality (p < 0.001); those with worse ECOG performance status had worse OT mortality (p < 0.001). Patients with T1 tumors (p < 0.001) and progesterone receptor positive had less BC mortality (p < 0.001). Fewer BC deaths occurred with node-negative disease (p < 0.001), estrogen receptor-positive tumors (p = 0.001), and without adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.005); worse cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.01), with trastuzumab; worse OT mortality, for non-whites (p = 0.03) and without adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.003). Overall, 57 % of deaths in MA.27 AI-treated patients were non-breast cancer related. Baseline patient and tumor characteristics differentially affected type of death with women 70 or older experiencing more non-breast cancer death.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Cancer Trials Group (formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. jachapma@aol.com.
authors.forename: Judith-Anne W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-0211
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Canadian Cancer Trials Group (formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Lois E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Hyman B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Muss
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathleen I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gelmon
authors.affiliation: Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.affiliation: Canadian Cancer Trials Group (formerly, NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Goss
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000077384:Anastrozole; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017698:Postmenopause; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D000077384:Anastrozole; C056516:exemestane
keywords: Breast cancer death; Cardiovascular death; Competing risks; Elderly