title: Intraventricular Gliosarcomas: Literature Review and a Case Description.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gliosarcomas are rare, extremely high-grade, bimorphous malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Intraventricular location is extremely rare, and only a few case reports exist in the literature. The aim of our study is to review clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this unique oncological entity and report this rare case of primary cystic intraventricular gliosarcoma (IVGS) with a mural nodule.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-year-old man had a 6-month history of headache and a single episode of generalized seizure. Examination revealed grade 1 papilledema. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic lesion with a mural nodule located within the occipital horn of the right lateral ventricle, which exhibited an intense enhancement of the nodule with patchy rim enhancement of the wall on gadolinium administration. The patient underwent right parietal craniotomy and gross total excision of the tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative computed tomography of the brain showed evidence of complete tumor excision. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. Histopathologic analysis revealed malignant tumor comprising both glial and mesenchymal components suggestive of gliosarcoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary IVGS is an extremely rare malignancy, with only 9 cases reported in the literature, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lateral ventricular tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. Electronic address: drsdramesh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ramesh S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Doddamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Education and Training School (NETS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Meena
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, BGS GINS, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Murli M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Selvam
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, BGS GINS, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Neelam K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Venkataramanaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BGS GINS, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Madhvi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tophkhane
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, BGS GINS, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Sharat K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002551:Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cystic gliosarcoma; Intraventricular tumor; Mural nodule