title: Assessment of toxicity using dehydrogenases activity and mathematical modeling.
abstract: Dehydrogenase activity is frequently used to assess the general condition of microorganisms in soil and activated sludge. Many studies have investigated the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity by various compounds, including heavy metal ions. However, the time after which the measurements are carried out is often chosen arbitrarily. Thus, it can be difficult to estimate how the toxic effects of compounds vary during the reaction and when the maximum of the effect would be reached. Hence, the aim of this study was to create simple and useful mathematical model describing changes in dehydrogenase activity during exposure to substances that inactivate enzymes. Our model is based on the Lagergrens pseudo-first-order equation, the rate of chemical reactions, enzyme activity, and inactivation and was created to describe short-term changes in dehydrogenase activity. The main assumption of our model is that toxic substances cause irreversible inactivation of enzyme units. The model is able to predict the maximum direct toxic effect (MDTE) and the time to reach this maximum (TMDTE). In order to validate our model, we present two examples: inactivation of dehydrogenase in microorganisms in soil and activated sludge. The model was applied successfully for cadmium and copper ions. Our results indicate that the predicted MDTE and TMDTE are more appropriate than EC50 and IC50 for toxicity assessments, except for long exposure times.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Faculty, Department of Ecologistics and Environmental Risk Management, Wrocław University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland. konrad.matyja@pwr.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matyja
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Department, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Małachowska-Jutsz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Faculty, Department of Ecologistics and Environmental Risk Management, Wrocław University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grabas
mesh_terms: D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: Dehydrogenase activity; Enzyme inactivation; Heavy metal; Mathematical model; Maximum direct toxic effect; Toxicity; Toxicodynamics; Toxicokinetics