title: Mesenchymal stem cell derived secretome and extracellular vesicles for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases.
abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients. Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology, mortality remains high. No effective pharmacotherapy exists. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies, administration of mesenchymal stem or stromal cell (MSC) as a therapeutic for acute lung injury holds great promise, and clinical trials are currently underway. However, concern for the use of stem cells, specifically the risk of iatrogenic tumor formation, remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence now suggest that novel cell-free therapies including MSC-derived conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles released from MSCs might constitute compelling alternatives.
  
  
  
  The current review summarizes the preclinical studies testing MSC conditioned medium and/or MSC extracellular vesicles as treatment for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases.
  
  
  
  While certain logistical obstacles limit the clinical applications of MSC conditioned medium such as the volume required for treatment, the therapeutic application of MSC extracellular vesicles remains promising, primarily due to ability of extracellular vesicles to maintain the functional phenotype of the parent cell. However, utilization of MSC extracellular vesicles will require large-scale production and standardization concerning identification, characterization and quantification.
authors.affiliation: a Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care , La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06 , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monsel
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pulmonary Disease , Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Ying-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gudapati
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Hyungsun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Jae W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned
keywords: Acute lung injury; acute respiratory distress syndrome; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stem cells; microvesicles