title: A simulated car-driving study on the effects of acute administration of levocetirizine, fexofenadine, and diphenhydramine in healthy Japanese volunteers.
abstract: Antihistamines are often used for treating allergic rhinitis. However, many older antihistamines cause sedative side effects. The sedative effects of antihistamines on car-driving have been investigated. This has not been investigated for levocetirizine, a new-generation antihistamine, in Asian populations, and so we evaluated its sedative effects in healthy Japanese subjects.
  
  
  
  In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study, healthy volunteers received single doses of levocetirizine 5 mg, fexofenadine 60 mg, diphenhydramine 50 mg, and placebo at intervals of at least 6 days. Simple brake reaction time and choice brake reaction time task (CBRT), a lateral tracking (LT) task, and a multiple task, a mixture of CBRT and LT task, were used to compare driving performance between the four drugs. Subjective sedation was also assessed.
  
  
  
  The simple brake reaction time and CBRT, and the CBRT component of the multiple task, did not show any significant differences between the drugs. In contrast, the LT, both as a single parameter and as a component of the multiple task, showed significant differences between diphenhydramine and the newer-generation antihistamines in a manner that corresponds with subjective sedation.
  
  
  
  Levocetirizine and fexofenadine did not impair psychomotor performance in subjects performing simulated car-driving tasks, while diphenhydramine did impair psychomotor performance in the subjects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Akie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inami
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Rin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité/ECARF, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grobosch
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité/ECARF, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001334:Automobile Driving; D017332:Cetirizine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D016593:Terfenadine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; C472067:levocetirizine; D016593:Terfenadine; D004155:Diphenhydramine; C093230:fexofenadine; D017332:Cetirizine
keywords: antihistamines; diphenhydramine; fexofenadine; levocetirizine; sedation; simulated car-driving