title: Algal bloom sedimentation induces variable control of lake eutrophication by phosphorus inactivating agents.
abstract: Lake eutrophication typically occurs with a syndrome of algae breeding and biomass accumulation (e.g., algal blooms). Therefore, the effect of algal bloom sedimentation on eutrophication control by phosphorus (P) inactivating agents was assessed herein. Three commercial products, including aluminum (Al) sulfate, iron (Fe) sulfate, and a lanthanum-modified clay (Phoslock®), as well as one easily available by-product, drinking water treatment residue (DWTR), were selected. The most important finding was that during algae sedimentation, P immobilization from the overlying water by Al, Phoslock®, and DWTR was dominated by a long-term slow phase (>150d), while Fe has limited effectiveness on the immobilization. Further analysis indicated that the algae sedimentation effect was mainly due to the slow release of P from algae, leading to relatively limited P available for the inactivating agents. Then, a more unfavorable effect on the P immobilization capability of inactivating agents was caused by the induced anaerobic conditions, the released organic matter from algae, and the increased sulfide in the overlying water and sediments during sedimentation. Overall, algae sedimentation induced variable control of eutrophication by P inactivating agents. Accordingly, recommendations for future works about algal lake restoration were also proposed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Changhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address: hljiang@niglas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: He-Long
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Huacheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005068:Eutrophication; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000534:Alum Compounds; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; C041524:aluminum sulfate; C024823:ferric sulfate; D007811:Lanthanum
keywords: Algae sedimentation; Internal P loading; Lake restoration; P inactivating agent