title: Naringin regulates cholesterol homeostasis and inhibits inflammation via modulating NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways in vitro.
abstract: The main purpose of this study was to examine if naringin contributed to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory cytokine expressions in cholesterol and 25-OH-cholesterol-treated HepG2 cells and TNF-α-treated HUVECs. The gene and protein expressions related to cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We obtained the following results: (1) A concentration-dependent increase of LDLR and CYP7A1 expressions was observed, through activating expressions of SREBP2 and PPARy in HepG2 cells after exposure to naringin; (2) EL gene and protein expressions in HUVECs were inhibited by naringin; (3) the expressions of inflammatory factors such as CRP, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HepG2 cells, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVECs restrained by naringin were confirmed; (4) NF-κB and ERK1/2 activities were quenched by naringin. In summary, naringin might not only effectively reduce cholesterol levels by stimulating cholesterol metabolism but also inhibit inflammatory response through reducing inflammatory cytokine expressions. The effects of naringin were achieved via modulating NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Changyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Wenshuang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000187:drug effects*; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D044950:Flavanones; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C489548:NFKB1 protein, human; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C497390:SREBF2 protein, human; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D002784:Cholesterol; C005274:naringin