title: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, many patients with T2DM have comorbidities that are risk factors for CV disease. While intensive glucose control reduces the risk of diabetic microvascular complications, its relationship to CV outcomes remains unclear. Consequently, the management of CV risk factors in patients with T2DM is complex, and factors other than blood glucose must be considered. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of oral glucose-lowering agents, are associated with reductions in blood pressure and body weight, in addition to decreasing hyperglycemia, and therefore have the potential to reduce CV risk in patients with T2DM. The clinical trial results of SGLT2 inhibitors regarding CV safety and outcomes are discussed, including data from the recently published EMPA-REG OUTCOME study. This trial was the first dedicated CV outcomes study to demonstrate that a glucose-lowering agent lowered CV mortality and all-cause mortality, and reduced hospitalization for heart failure in patients with T2DM at high risk of CV events.
authors.affiliation: a Medicine-Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Faculty , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Helmut O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Cardiovascular outcomes; cardiovascular safety; comorbidity; sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; type 2 diabetes