title: Effect of Royal Jelly Intake on Serum Glucose, Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and ApoB/ApoA-I Ratios in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Evidence supports a role for royal jelly (RJ) in reduction of serum glucose and lipids in animals and healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of RJ intake on serum glucose, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and ApoB/ApoA-I ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The participants were randomly divided into RJ and placebo groups and were given doses of 1000 mg royal jelly or placebo 3 times a day for 8 weeks, respectively. Weight, height, fasting blood glucose, ApoA-I and ApoB were measured at baseline and endpoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and dietary intakes between groups. The mean difference in glucose concentrations decreased in the RJ group (-9.4 mg/dL vs. 4 mg/dL; p=0.011). The mean difference in ApoA-I concentrations increased in the RJ group (34.4 mg/dL vs. -1.08 mg/dL; p=0.013). There was a significant decrease in mean difference of ApoB/ApoA-I in the RJ group compared with the placebo group (0.008 vs. 0.13; p<0.044), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that RJ intake may have desirable effects on serum glucose, Apo-A-I concentrations and ApoB/ApoA-I ratios in people with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Basemeh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khoshpey
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djazayeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemehsadat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Agha Fateme
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sharieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Worcester Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shidfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: farzad.shidfar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shidfar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000099219:Royal Jelly
keywords: ApoA–I; ApoB; apoB; apoa-I; diabète de type 2; gelée royale; glucose; royal jelly; type 2 diabetes