title: Life Course, Green Space and Health: Incorporating Place into Life Course Epidemiology.
abstract: Researchers interested in the relationships between place and health have been slow to incorporate a life course perspective, probably due to the lack of readily available historical environmental data. This hinders the identification of causal relationships. It also restricts our understanding as to whether there are accumulative effects over the life course and if there are critical periods in people's lives when places are particularly pertinent. This study considers the feasibility of constructing longitudinal data on the availability of urban green space. The suitability of various historical and contemporary data sources is considered, including paper maps, aerial photographs and tabular land use data. Measures of urban green space are created for all neighbourhoods across the Edinburgh region of Scotland at various points during the past 100 years. We demonstrate that it is feasible to develop such measures, but there are complex issues involved in doing so. We also test the utility of the measures via an analysis of how accessibility to green space might alter over the life course of both people, and their residential neighbourhoods. The findings emphasise the potential for utilising historical data to significantly enhance understanding of the relationships between nature and health, and between health and place more generally. We encourage researchers to use data from other locations to consider including a longitudinal perspective to examine relationships between people's health and their environment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XP, UK. jamie.pearce@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XP, UK. Niamh.Shortt@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shortt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XP, UK. esther.rind@gmx.net.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rind
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK. Richard.Mitchell@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002947:Cities; D004779:Environment Design; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019368:Nature; D011788:Quality of Life; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012606:Scotland; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: environment; green space; health; health inequalities; life course; place