title: Acute Response of Circulating Vascular Regulating MicroRNAs during and after High-Intensity and High-Volume Cycling in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to analyze the response of vascular circulating microRNAs (miRNAs; miR-16, miR-21, miR-126) and the VEGF mRNA following an acute bout of HIIT and HVT in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy competitive young male cyclists (14.4 ± 0.8 years; 57.9 ± 9.4 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1) peak oxygen uptake) performed one session of high intensity 4 × 4 min intervals (HIIT) at 90-95% peak power output (PPO), each interval separated by 3 min of active recovery, and one high volume session (HVT) consisting of a constant load exercise for 90 min at 60% PPO. Capillary blood from the earlobe was collected under resting conditions, during exercise (d1 = 20 min, d2 = 30 min, d3 = 60 min), and 0, 30, 60, 180 min after the exercise to determine miR-16, -21, -126, and VEGF mRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HVT significantly increased miR-16 and miR-126 during and after the exercise compared to pre-values, whereas HIIT showed no significant influence on the miRNAs compared to pre-values. VEGF mRNA significantly increased during and after HIIT (d1, 30', 60', 180') and HVT (d3, 0', 60').
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RESULTS of the present investigation suggest a volume dependent exercise regulation of vascular regulating miRNAs (miR-16, miR-21, miR-126) in children. In line with previous data, our data show that acute exercise can alter circulating miRNAs profiles that might be used as novel biomarkers to monitor acute and chronic changes due to exercise in various tissues.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, University Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Wehmeier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; Departement of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, University Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hilberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, University Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Billy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sperlich
keywords: children; endurance; exercise; microRNAs; training adaptation