title: Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet-Released Growth Factor and Immediate Orthodontic Loading on the Removal Torque of Miniscrews.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-released growth factor (PRGF) and immediate orthodontic forces on the removal torque of miniscrews.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on three male dogs aged 6 to 8 months with a body weight of 17.6 to 18.4 kg. Sixty miniscrews were inserted in the posterior aspect of the femur. There were four groups, including loaded miniscrews with application of PRGF, unloaded miniscrews without application of PRGF, unloaded miniscrews with PRGF, and loaded miniscrews without PRGF. Twenty miniscrews were inserted in the femoral bone of one foot of each dog, including all the aforementioned subgroups. After 12 weeks, the miniscrews were removed by a removal torque tester device and measured in newton centimeters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean removal torque values in four groups of immediately loaded screws with PRGF, unloaded screws with PRGF, immediately loaded screws without PRGF, and unloaded screws without PRGF were 19.68, 21.74, 13.65, and 15.46 Ncm, respectively. It was shown that the mean removal torque value for the group with PRGF was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P = .0001). Although there was a tendency toward a decrease in removal torque value with immediate loading, it was not statistically significant (P = .21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of this study, applying PRGF with miniscrews increased their stability, but the delivery of immediate force on miniscrews had no effect on the miniscrews' stability.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayani
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masoomi
authors.forename: Sharereh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aghaabbasi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farsinejad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D001863:Bone Screws; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D020878:Device Removal; D004285:Dogs; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008904:Miniaturization; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium