title: Immuno-Pharmacological Targeting of Virus-Containing Compartments in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages.
abstract: In addition to CD4 T lymphocytes, HIV-1 infects tissue macrophages that can actively accumulate infectious virions in vacuolar subcellular structures mostly connected to the plasma membrane and recently termed virus-containing compartments (VCCs). The VCC-associated HIV-1 reservoir of infected macrophages can be either increased or depleted by immunologic and pharmacologic agents, at least in vitro, thus suggesting that these factors (or related molecules) could be effective in curtailing the macrophage-associated HIV-1 reservoir in infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Here we review evidence on the pathogenic role of tissue macrophages as long-term viral reservoirs in vivo and upon in vitro infection with a particular emphasis on the immuno-pharmacological modulation of VCCs.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.affiliation: Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicenzi
authors.affiliation: AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milano, Italy; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: poli.guido@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poli
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: ATP; HIV (human immunodeficiency virus); P2X(7); VCC (virus-containing compartment); macrophages; microvesicles