title: Microelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Differentiation between Normal and Cancerous Human Urothelial Cell Lines: Real-Time Electrical Impedance Measurement at an Optimal Frequency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To distinguish between normal (SV-HUC-1) and cancerous (TCCSUP) human urothelial cell lines using microelectrical impedance spectroscopy (μEIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types of μEIS devices were designed and used in combination to measure the impedance of SV-HUC-1 and TCCSUP cells flowing through the channels of the devices. The first device (μEIS-OF) was designed to determine the optimal frequency at which the impedance of two cell lines is most distinguishable. The μEIS-OF trapped the flowing cells and measured their impedance at a frequency ranging from 5 kHz to 1 MHz. The second device (μEIS-RT) was designed for real-time impedance measurement of the cells at the optimal frequency. The impedance was measured instantaneously as the cells passed the sensing electrodes of μEIS-RT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimal frequency, which maximized the average difference of the amplitude and phase angle between the two cell lines (p < 0.001), was determined to be 119 kHz. The real-time impedance of the cell lines was measured at 119 kHz; the two cell lines differed significantly in terms of amplitude and phase angle (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The μEIS-RT can discriminate SV-HUC-1 and TCCSUP cells by measuring the impedance at the optimal frequency determined by the μEIS-OF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), MEMS and Nano Systems Lab. #317, Dansan Building, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yangkyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), MEMS and Nano Systems Lab. #317, Dansan Building, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), MEMS and Nano Systems Lab. #317, Dansan Building, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), MEMS and Nano Systems Lab. #317, Dansan Building, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), MEMS and Nano Systems Lab. #317, Dansan Building, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Zoo
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), MEMS and Nano Systems Lab. #317, Dansan Building, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy; D006801:Humans; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*