title: Optimization of staged bioleaching of low-grade chalcopyrite ore in the presence and absence of chloride in the irrigating lixiviant: ANFIS simulation.
abstract: In this investigation, copper was bioleached from a low-grade chalcopyrite ore using a chloride-containing lixiviant. In this regard, firstly, the composition of the bacterial culture media was designed to control the cost in commercial application. The bacterial culture used in this process was acclimated to the presence of chloride in the lixiviant. Practically speaking, the modified culture helped the bio-heap-leaching system operate in the chloridic media. Compared to the copper recovery from the low-grade chalcopyrite by bioleaching in the absence of chloride, bioleaching in the presence of chloride resulted in improved copper recovery. The composition of the lixiviant used in this study was a modification with respect to the basal salts in 9 K medium to optimize the leaching process. When leaching the ore in columns, 76.81 % Cu (based on solid residues of bioleaching operation) was recovered by staged leaching with lixiviant containing 34.22 mM NaCl. The quantitative findings were supported by SEM/EDS observations, X-ray elemental mapping, and mineralogical analysis of the ore before and after leaching. Finally, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to simulate the operational parameters affecting the bioleaching operation in chloride-sulfate system.
authors.affiliation: Mineral Industries Research Centre (MIRC), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. alibehzad86@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Ali Behrad
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vakylabad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaffie
authors.affiliation: Head Management of Bio-Hydrometallurgy Project, Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, National Iranian Copper Industries Company, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naseri
authors.affiliation: Mineral Industries Research Centre (MIRC), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.|Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.affiliation: Hydrometallurgy Research Unit, Research and Development Center, Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, National Iranian Copper Industries Company, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Manafi
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D003470:Culture Media; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D003470:Culture Media; C012819:chalcopyrite; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003300:Copper
keywords: ANFIS; Chalcopyrite ore; Chloride; Low grade; Modified microbial media