title: Oxidative stress and lipotoxicity.
abstract: The α,β polyunsaturated lipid aldehydes are potent lipid electrophiles that covalently modify lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Recent work highlights the critical role these lipids play under both physiological and pathological conditions. Protein carbonylation resulting from nucleophilic attack of lysine, histidine, and cysteine residues is a major outcome of oxidative stress and functions as a redox-sensitive signaling mechanism with roles in autophagy, cell proliferation, transcriptional control, and apoptosis. In addition, protein carbonylation is implicated as an initiating factor in mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, providing a mechanistic connection between oxidative stress and metabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the generation and metabolism of reactive lipid aldehydes, as well as their signaling roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 bernl001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bernlohr
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: cardiolipin; lipids/peroxidation; oxidized lipids