title: Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: Intercontinental air travel can be stressful, especially for respiratory health. Elderberries have been used traditionally, and in some observational and clinical studies, as supportive agents against the common cold and influenza. This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of 312 economy class passengers travelling from Australia to an overseas destination aimed to investigate if a standardised membrane filtered elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extract has beneficial effects on physical, especially respiratory, and mental health. Cold episodes, cold duration and symptoms were noted in a daily diary and assessed using the Jackson score. Participants also completed three surveys containing questions regarding upper respiratory symptoms (WURSS-21) and quality of life (SF-12) at baseline, just before travel and at 4-days after travel. Most cold episodes occurred in the placebo group (17 vs. 12), however the difference was not significant (p = 0.4). Placebo group participants had a significantly longer duration of cold episode days (117 vs. 57, p = 0.02) and the average symptom score over these days was also significantly higher (583 vs. 247, p = 0.05). These data suggest a significant reduction of cold duration and severity in air travelers. More research is warranted to confirm this effect and to evaluate elderberry's physical and mental health benefits.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia. e.tiralongo@griffith.edu.au.|Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia. e.tiralongo@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Evelin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tiralongo
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia. s.wee@griffith.edu.au.|School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia. s.wee@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Shirley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia. rodney.a.lea@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodney A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064870:Air Travel; D003139:Common Cold; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: clinical trial; cold symptoms; complementary medicines; elderberry; nutritional supplements; physical health; sambucus; travel