title: Albumin and Protein Oxidation are Predictors that Differentiate Relapsing-Remitting from Progressive Clinical Forms of Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate inflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) blood markers as possible predictors of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its clinical forms. This study included 258 MS patients (175 with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 83 with progressive MS clinical forms) and 249 healthy individuals. Peripheral blood samples were obtained to determine serum levels of albumin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total protein, lipid hydroperoxide by tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence (CL-LOOH), carbonyl protein content, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP). MS patients showed higher ferritin (p < 0.001) and CL-LOOH (p < 0.001) and lower albumin (p = 0.001), TRAP (p < 0.001), AOPP (p = 0.013), and NOx values (p < 0.001) than controls. Difference was not observed in CRP, total protein, and carbonyl proteins between patients and controls. In the logistic regression age-adjusted, ferritin and CL-LOOH showed positive association with MS and were predictors of MS development (OR: 1.006, 95 % CI: 1.003-1.009, p < 0.001 and OR: 1.029, 95 % CI: 1.007-1.052, p = 0.009, respectively). Albumin, TRAP, AOPP, and NOx were negatively associated with MS (p = 0.019, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.003, respectively). Moreover, other logistic regression age-adjusted showed that MS patients with progressive clinical forms had lower albumin and higher AOPP than those with RRMS (p = 0.037). In conclusion, ferritin, albumin, and biomarkers of IO&NS, such as CL-LOOH, AOPP, TRAP, and NOx were predictors of MS diagnosis, whereas albumin and AOPP were predictors that differentiated RRMS from the progressive clinical forms of MS.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sayonara R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kallaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Vila Operária, CEP 86038-350, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edna M V
authors.initials: EMV
authors.lastname: Reiche
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Damacio R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kaimen-Maciel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Vila Operária, CEP 86038-350, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcell Alysson B
authors.initials: MAB
authors.lastname: Lozovoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Vila Operária, CEP 86038-350, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isaias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, Vila Operária, CEP 86038-350, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. deianame@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Andrea Name Colado
authors.initials: ANC
authors.lastname: Simão
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015538:Nitrosation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Clinical forms; Inflammation; Multiple sclerosis; Nitrosative stress; Oxidative stress