title: Effect of case management on glycemic control and behavioral outcomes for chinese people with type 2 diabetes: A 2-year study.
abstract: To examine the effect of case management on glycemic control and behavioral outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes in China.
  
  
  
  Participants were randomly assigned to a 1-year case management (CM) group (n=60) or control group (n=60). Monthly case management visits included identifying individuals' diabetes-related problems, setting goals, planning self-care, and evaluating progress. During a 1-year follow-up, all participants attended visits every 3 months without intervention.
  
  
  
  In the CM vs. the control group, HbA1c was reduced at 6 months compared to baseline (P=0.034), with trends at 12 and 24 months, and empowerment ability improved (P<0.05). Also in the CM vs. controls, total self-care behaviors, the frequency of exercise, blood glucose testing, and foot care were higher (P<0.001) at 12 months, and the percentage of individuals with HbA1c ≤7.0% was higher (P=0.035) at 24 months.
  
  
  
  The case management intervention in China was effective at 6 months and, based on trends in HbA1c at 12 and 24 months and results for behavioral outcomes, the intervention shows promise and warrants more research.
  
  
  
  A case management approach can enhance behavior change and glycemic control in Chinese with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: yuanxiaodan107@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: 616490433@qq.com.
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, United States. Electronic address: fisha@msx.umsl.edu.
authors.forename: Anne Folta
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.affiliation: Class 7 Grade 2, Hangzhou 9th Middle School, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: 1556075115@qq.com.
authors.forename: Cunyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sayidtaochen@126.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: liuchao@nfmncn.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: lqq188@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000067290:Behavior Rating Scale; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000523:psychology; D019090:Case Management; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011209:Power, Psychological; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Behavior change; Blood glucose; Case management; Empowerment; Type 2 diabetes