title: Microbial degradation of endosulfan in contaminated soil with the elution of surfactants.
abstract: In this work, an endosulfan-degrading strain was isolated from the aged soil contaminated by endosulfan, and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. EB-4 by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The microbial degradation characteristics of endosulfan in three eluents (Tween 80 + SDS, Tween 80 + Na2SiO3, Tween 80 + SDS + Na2SiO3) were investigated. The results showed that the degradation percents of α-, β-endosulfan in the three eluents were 86.83 %∼92.91 % and 88.90 %∼93.94 % in 15 days, respectively. The degradation process can be well described by the first-order kinetic model, and the half-times of α-endosulfan in eluent 1∼eluent 3 were 3.83, 5.29, and 4.53 days, while those of β-endosulfan were 3.35, 4.50 and 3.79 days, respectively. The endosulfan diol and endosulfan sulfate as main metabolites were detected, and the former can be further degraded by this strain, which revealed that the simultaneously happened hydrolysis and oxidation reactions were the main degradation processes, and dominated by hydrolysis reaction. After 5 days of washing with the eluents, 56.00∼84.33 % of α-endosulfan, and 46.49∼68.56 % of β-endosulfan in soil were eluted, respectively, and can be entirely biodegraded in 12 days, which indicated that the microbial degradation was the rate-determining step.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.|Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bailian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Chemical Engineering Vocational College, Chongqing, 400020, China.
authors.forename: Benshou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guocan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. jzhzhang@swu.edu.cn.|Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China. jzhzhang@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D042041:Ochrobactrum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007306:Insecticides; D011136:Polysorbates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Elution; Endosulfan; Microbial degradation; Soil; Surfactant