title: Technological advances in CO2 conversion electro-biorefinery: A step toward commercialization.
abstract: The global atmospheric warming due to increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) has attracted great attention in the last two decades. Although different CO2 capture and storage platforms have been proposed, the utilization of captured CO2 from industrial plants is progressively prevalent strategy due to concerns about the safety of terrestrial and aquatic CO2 storage. Two utilization forms were proposed, direct utilization of CO2 and conversion of CO2 to chemicals and energy products. The latter strategy includes the bioelectrochemical techniques in which electricity can be used as an energy source for the microbial catalytic production of fuels and other organic products from CO2. This approach is a potential technique in which CO2 emissions are not only reduced, but it also produce more value-added products. This review article highlights the different methodologies for the bioelectrochemical utilization of CO2, with distinctive focus on the potential opportunities for the commercialization of these techniques.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: ElMekawy
authors.affiliation: Centre for Water Management and Reuse, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; Institute of Advanced Technology and New Materials, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Borg Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hanaa M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hegab
authors.affiliation: Separation & Conversion Technologies, VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gunda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mohanakrishna
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Elbaz
authors.affiliation: Separation & Conversion Technologies, VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulut
authors.affiliation: Separation & Conversion Technologies, VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium. Electronic address: deepak.pant@vito.be.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D002384:Catalysis; D003132:Commerce / Q000639:trends; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources / Q000191:economics; D057232:Global Warming; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Artificial photosynthesis; Carbon capture and utilization; Carbon dioxide; Electrochemical reduction; Microbial electrosynthesis