title: BoneCeramic graft regenerates alveolar defects but slows orthodontic tooth movement with less root resorption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BoneCeramic (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) can regenerate bone in alveolar defects after tooth extraction, but it is unknown whether it is feasible to move a tooth through BoneCeramic grafting sites. The objective of this study was to investigate 3-dimensional real-time root resorption and bone responses in grafted sites during orthodontic tooth movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss; Geistlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland), or no graft, after the extraction of the maxillary left first molar. After 4 weeks, the maxillary left second molar was moved into the extraction site for 28 days. Dynamic bone microstructures and root resorption were evaluated using in-vivo microcomputed tomography. Stress distribution and corresponding tissue responses were examined by the finite element method and histology. Mixed model analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences among time points with Bonferroni post-hoc tests at the significance level of P <0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BoneCeramic group had the least amount of tooth movement and root resorption volumes and craters, and the highest bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and mean trabecular thickness, followed by the Bio-Oss and the control groups. The highest stress accumulated in the cervical region of the mesial roots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BoneCeramic has better osteoconductive potential and induces less root resorption compared with Bio-Oss grafting and naturally recovered extraction sites.
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.affiliation: Associate professor; director, Mineralized Tissues and Histology Research Laboratory; and director, Orthodontic Fellowship Program, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind.
authors.forename: Sean Shih-Yao
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: byuxing@263.net.
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Key Laboratory of Equipment & Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000473:pathology; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C558777:BoneCeramic; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D008903:Minerals