title: New approaches to antimony film screen-printed electrodes using carbon-based nanomaterials substrates.
abstract: Three different commercial carbon nanomaterial-modified screen-printed electrodes based on graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers were pioneeringly tested as electrode platforms for the plating with Sb film. They were microscopically and analytically compared to each other and to the most conventional unmodified carbon screen-printed electrode (SPCE). The obtained detection and quantification limits suggest that the in-situ antimony film electrode prepared from carbon nanofibers modified screen-printed electrode (SbSPCE-CNF) produces a better analytical performance as compared to the classical SPCE modified with antimony for Pb(II) and Cd(II) determination, approving its appropriateness for measuring low μg L(-1) levels of the considered metals. In-situ SbSPCE-CNF was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, by means of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, in a certified reference estuarine water sample with a very high reproducibility and good trueness.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ràfols
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: nuria.serrano@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ariño
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteban
keywords: Anodic stripping voltammetry; Antimony film electrodes; Heavy metal ions; Screen-printed electrodes