title: The Evaluation of In Vitro Drug Dissolution of Commercially Available Oral Dosage Forms for Itraconazole in Gastrointestinal Simulator With Biorelevant Media.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a multicompartmental in vitro dissolution apparatus, gastrointestinal simulator (GIS), in assessing the drug dissolution of 2 commercially available oral dosage forms for itraconazole (ICZ). The GIS consists of 3 chambers, mimicking the upper gastrointestinal tract. In vitro dissolution of ICZ capsule or oral solution was evaluated in United States Pharmacopeia apparatus II and GIS. To investigate the suitability of fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) to predict better in vivo, FaSSIF as well as phosphate buffer were used as dissolution media. Area under the dissolved drug amount-time curve (AUDC) was calculated for each dosage form in each apparatus, and the ratios of AUDCoral solution to AUDCcapsule were compared with human pharmacokinetic data. Based on this comparison, GIS with FaSSIF can adequately distinguish the pharmacokinetic profiles of 2 oral dosage forms for ICZ. Additionally, Caco-2 cell transepithelial transport study in combination with GIS revealed that improved drug dissolution by formulations resulted in enhanced permeation of ICZ through cell monolayer, suggesting the observed ICZ concentration in the GIS will directly reflect systemic exposure. These results indicate GIS would be a powerful tool to assess the formulations of ICZ as well as other Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug formulations.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetics & Safety Laboratory, Discovery Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8524, Japan; College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsume
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065.
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Amidon
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065. Electronic address: glamidon@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Amidon
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002214:Capsules; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010539:Permeability; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002214:Capsules; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D017964:Itraconazole
keywords: Caco-2 cells; cyclodextrins; dissolution; formulation; gastrointestinal; intestinal absorption; in vitro/in vivo correlations; permeability; precipitation; supersaturation