title: Characterization, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activities of Natural and Sulfonated Exo-Polysaccharides from Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275.
abstract: Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275 were sulfated (31%). High-performance liquid chromatography identified that EPS was composed of mannose (30.19%), galactose (20.10%), glucose (18.05%), glucosamine (16.04%), galactosamine (9.06%), glucuronic acid (3.55%), and ribose (3.01%). Pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion ratios (IL-1β/IL-10, IL-6/IL-10, and TNF-α/IL-10) of lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were significantly decreased by EPS and S.EPS treatments in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activities of S.EPS improved 49.3% and 24.0% than those of EPS before or after LPS treatment. The reactive oxygen species were inhibited by EPS and S.EPS by 49.6% and 55.1% at 50 μg/mL, respectively. Inhibition activities of S.EPS on nitric oxide production were 12.9% and 55.4% higher than those of EPS at 10 and 50 μg/mL. Additionally, S.EPS exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity on Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. Our results indicated that anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of EPS were significantly (P < 0.01) improved by sulfonation.
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Siqian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Nagendra P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D048249:Streptococcus thermophilus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013431:Sulfates; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Streptococcus thermophilus; anti-inflammatory activity; antiproliferative activity; exo-polysaccharides; sulfonation