title: Emergence of antigenic variants within serotype A FMDV in the Middle East with antigenically critical amino acid substitutions.
abstract: A new immunologically distinct strain (A-Iran-05) of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A emerged in the Middle East in 2003 that replaced the previously circulating strains (A-Iran-96 and A-Iran-99) in the region. This resulted in introduction of a new vaccine of this strain (A/TUR/2006) in 2006. Though this vaccine strain has been predominantly used to control FMD in the region, recent viruses isolated in 2012 and 2013 have shown antigenic drift and a poor match with it. In this study, we report the antigenic matching results and capsid sequence data of currently circulating viruses belonging to the SIS-10 and SIS-12 sub-lineages of A-Iran-05 (isolated in 2012 and 2013), highlighting the inadequacy of the currently used serotype A vaccines. Implications of these results in the context of FMD control in the Middle East are discussed.
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK. Electronic address: mana.mahapatra@pirbright.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Statham
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Jef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Satya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parida
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000276:immunology; D008877:Middle East; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D065288:Serogroup
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D007106:Immune Sera
keywords: Antigenic determinants; Antigenic variation; Capsid sequence; Epitopes; FMD virus; Polyclonal antibodies