title: Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of an osteoblast-conditioned nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.
abstract: In this study, the effects of osteoblast-conditioning on mechanical behavior, biocompatibility, biodegradation and osteoinductive properties of a nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin (HA/GEL) nanocomposite scaffold was investigated. The scaffold was fabricated using the layer solvent casting combined with the freeze-drying and lamination techniques. The scaffolds were conditioned by culture of osteoblasts on their surface and their elimination by a repeated freeze-thawing process. The potential of the osteoblast-conditioned HA/GEL (HA/GEL/OC) scaffold to support cell adhesion and growth and its cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro using rat mesenchymal stem cells. For in vivo studies, the HA/GEL/OC nanocomposite was implanted in the critical size bone defect created on rat calvarium and studied after 7, 30 and 90 days. The results showed that mechanical and in vitro biological properties of the scaffold were not affected by the process of conditioning. However, in vivo studies demonstrated that osteoblast-conditioning enhanced biocompatibility and osteoinductivity and of the nanocomposite scaffold. The osteoblast conditioning also accelerated collagen content during the bone healing. In the experimental group that received the HA/GEL/OC and MSCs, the newly formed bone occupied almost the entire defect (93.4 ± 3.3%) within 3 months. In conclusion, this study indicates that osteoblast-conditioning is a viable strategy for the development of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2001-2010, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samadikuchaksaraei
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mazaher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gholipourmalekabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erfani Ezadyar
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azami
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mozafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johari
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kargozar
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Behnamedin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jameie
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korourian
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seifalian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005615:Freezing; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: bone replacement materials; bone substitutes; tissue engineering