title: Does pedicle screw fixation under age 5 cause spinal canal narrowing? A CT study with minimum 5 years follow-up.
abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the changes in the vertebral body and spinal canal area in a group of patients who had pedicle screw fixation under age 5 for the treatment of congenital spinal deformity at least 5 year follow-up.
  
  
  
  11 patients who had been operated due to spinal deformity under age 5 with who had a CT examination at least 5 years after the initial operation were included in the study. All patients underwent hemivertebrectomy and transpedicular fixation procedures at an average age of 3.18 years (range 2-5 years). All had preoperative CT to evaluate the congenital deformities. Measurements were done at the instrumented vertebrae as well as the un-instrumented ones above and below them to evaluate; vertebral body parameters, pedicle parameters and spinal canal area of upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), lower instrumented vertebra (LIV), upper adjacent un-instrumented vertebra and lower adjacent un-instrumented vertebra.
  
  
  
  The average follow-up was 7.2 (range 5-12) years. Six of the patients were over age 10 during the final CT examination while 5 were at age 7. Female-to male ratio was 8-3. Measurement of all the parameters in 22 instrumented and 22 non-instrumented segments showed a proportional increase rather than a decrease at each segment. The percentage of canal area growth at UIV and LIV was 21 and 17.5 %, respectively.
  
  
  
  Pedicle screw instrumentation has no adverse effect on further spinal body, pedicle and canal growth and does not result in iatrogenic spinal canal stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Abide-i Hurriyet Cad. No:166 Sisli, 34381, Istanbul, Turkey. kahramansin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.|Istanbul Spine Center, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Abide-i Hurriyet Cad. No:164 Sisli, 34381, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karadereler
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Merkez Kampusu Aytepe Mevkii, 09100, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cobanoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Erzurum Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Vani Efendi Mah.Yakutiye, 2540, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Abide-i Hurriyet Cad. No:166 Sisli, 34381, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Abide-i Hurriyet Cad. No:166 Sisli, 34381, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent Onur
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Spine Center, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Abide-i Hurriyet Cad. No:164 Sisli, 34381, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Azmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamzaoglu
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065289:Pedicle Screws; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Hemivertebrectomy; Pedicle screw; Spinal canal growth