title: Obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes perform worse than controls on cognitive and behavioral assessments.
abstract: Children with type 1 diabetes demonstrate worse cognitive performance compared with their peers. Little is known regarding the cognitive and behavioral performance in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Cross sectional evaluation of 20 obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes and 20 healthy adolescents was performed in Cincinnati, Ohio. Cognitive tests that included measures of processing speed, working memory, verbal and semantic fluency and parent reports of executive function and problem behavior were compared. Academic achievement and the relationship between cognitive/behavioral scores and diabetes duration and diabetes control (hemoglobin A1c) were assessed in the type 2 diabetes group only.
  
  
  
  The type 2 diabetes group had mean duration of diabetes of 2.8 ± 2.2 yr and hemoglobin A1c of 7.9 ± 2.2%. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes scored lower than controls on tests of working and verbal memory and processing speed (all p < 0.05) and worse for Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist (all p < 0.05). Adolescents with type 2 diabetes scored below the population mean in academic achievement, most notably calculation. Working memory and processing speed were negatively correlated with duration of diabetes (r = -0.50 and -0.47, respectively, p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Obese youth with type 2 diabetes score poorly compared with controls on multiple assessments of cognitive function and adaptive behavior. Further work is needed to determine if these effects are driven by obesity, diabetes or other demographic and socioeconomic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Cassandra C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.|Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vannest
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Darren S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kadis
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D015992:Body Mass Index; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000066553:Problem Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014706:Verbal Learning
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: behavior; cognitive function; obesity; type 2 diabetes