title: Oleuropein attenuates cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by some anesthetic drugs in the hippocampal area of rats.
abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of oleuropein against oxidative stress in the hippocampal area of rats. We used seven experimental groups as follows: Control, Propofol, Propofol-Ketamine (Pro.-Ket.), Xylazine-Ketamine (Xyl.-Ket.), and three oleuropein-pretreated groups (Ole.-Pro., Ole.-Pro.-Ket. and Ole.-Xyl.-Ket.). The oleuropein-pretreated groups received oleuropein (15 mg/kg body weight as orally) for 10 consecutive days. Propofol 100 mg/kg, xylazine 3 mg/kg, and ketamine 75 mg/kg once as ip was used on the 11th day of treatment. Spatial memory impairment and antioxidant status of hippocampus were measured via Morris water maze, lipid peroxidation marker, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Spatial memory impairment and lipid peroxidation significantly increased in Xyl.-Ket.-treated rats in comparison to the control, propofol, Ole.-Pro. and Ole.-Pro.-Ket. groups. Oleuropein pretreatment significantly reversed spatial memory impairment and lipid peroxidation in the Ole.-Xyl.-Ket. group as compared to the Xyl.-Ket.-treated rats. There was no significant difference between the control and the propofol group in lipid peroxidation and spatial memory status. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities both significantly decreased in Xyl.-Ket.-treated rats when compared to the control, propofol, Ole.-Pro., Ole.-Pro.-Ket., and Ole.-Xyl.-Ket. groups. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase activity in Xyl.-Ket.-treated rats significantly increased as compared to the control, propofol, Pro.-Ket., Ole.-Pro., and Ole.-Pro.-Ket. groups. We concluded that xylazine in combination with ketamine is an oxidative anesthetic drug and oleuropein pretreatment attenuates cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by anesthesia in the hippocampal area of rats. We also confirmed the antioxidant properties of propofol as a promising antioxidant anesthetic agent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, PO Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran. alirezaei_m54@yahoo.co.|Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. alirezaei_m54@yahoo.co.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alirezaei
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hajighahramani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, PO Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sookhtehzari
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Katayoun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiani
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007649:Ketamine; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D015742:Propofol; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014991:Xylazine
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D000975:Antioxidants; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D014991:Xylazine; C002769:oleuropein; D007649:Ketamine; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Anesthesia; Cognitive dysfunction; Oleuropein; Oxidative stress