title: Association between victimization by bullying and direct self injurious behavior among adolescence in Europe: a ten-country study.
abstract: Previous studies have examined the association between victimization by bullying and both suicide ideation and suicide attempts. The current study examined the association between victimization by bullying and direct-self-injurious behavior (D-SIB) among a large representative sample of male and female adolescents in Europe. This study is part of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study and includes 168 schools, with 11,110 students (mean age = 14.9, SD = 0.89). Students were administered a self-report survey within the classroom, in which they were asked about three types of victimization by bullying (physical, verbal and relational) as well as direct self-injurious behavior (D-SIB). Additional risk factors (symptoms of depression and anxiety, suicide ideation, suicide attempts, loneliness, alcohol consumption, drug consumption), and protective factors (parent support, peer support, pro-social behavior) were included. The three types of victimization examined were associated with D-SIB. Examination of gender as moderator of the association between victimization (relational, verbal, and physical) and D-SIB yielded no significant results. As for the risk factors, depression, but not anxiety, partially mediated the effect of relational victimization and verbal victimization on D-SIB. As for the protective factors, students with parent and peer support and those with pro-social behaviors were at significantly lower risk of engaging in D-SIB after being victimized compared to students without support/pro-social behaviors. This large-scale study has clearly demonstrated the cross-sectional association between specific types of victimization with self-injurious behavior among adolescents and what may be part of the risk and protective factors in this complex association.
authors.affiliation: Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), P.O. Box 167, Herzliya, 46150, Israel. bkanat@idc.ac.il.|Feinberg Child Study Centre, Schneider Children's Medical Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. bkanat@idc.ac.il.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunstein Klomek
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Child Study Centre, Schneider Children's Medical Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Avigal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Snir
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Child Study Centre, Schneider Children's Medical Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Apter
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA.|Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.|National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gergö
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hadlaczky
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Christina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hoven
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.|National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarchiapone
authors.affiliation: Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital, Lipótmezei str. 1-5, 1021, Budapest, Hungary.|Institute of Psychology Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella str. 46, 1064, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balazs
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bobes
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.affiliation: National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Doina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cosman
authors.affiliation: Research Division for Mental Health, University for Medical Information Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haring
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Nancy, Universite de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaess
authors.affiliation: Slovene Center for Suicide Research, UP IAM, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Vita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Postuvan
authors.affiliation: Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute (ERSI), Tallinn, Estonia.|Institute of Social Work, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Merike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sisask
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Nancy, Universite de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubiana
authors.affiliation: Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute (ERSI), Tallinn, Estonia.|Institute of Social Work, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Airi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varnik
authors.affiliation: Slovene Center for Suicide Research, UP IAM, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Žiberna
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wasserman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Adolescents; Bullying; Direct self-injurious behavior; Victimization