title: Temporal variation in the prevalence and species richness of Campylobacter spp. in a prairie watershed impacted by urban and agricultural mixed inputs.
abstract: Campylobacter spp. are a substantial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Human infection can result from ingestion of contaminated food or water from a variety of sources, including the consumption of fresh produce that is contaminated with the pathogen via the use of contaminated irrigation water. Using molecular methods, we investigated the occurrence of Campylobacter in the Qu'Appelle River watershed, an important source of irrigation water for vegetable producers in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Water samples were collected from 7 sampling sites from April to September 2009 (145 samples), and from 5 sampling sites from May to October 2013 (116 samples). Campylobacter was detected in 57% and 16% of the samples collected in 2009 and 2013, respectively. Campylobacter detection was highest in May and June for both sampling years. In 2009, the predominant species were Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter jejuni, with prevalences of 84% and 41%, respectively. Other Campylobacter spp. were detected less frequently. Only C. lari was detected in 2013. The results in 2009 demonstrate the species richness of Campylobacter in water sources within the watershed. The occurrence of Campylobacter in the study area also underscores the importance of monitoring irrigation water used to irrigate fresh produce from a public health prospective.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.|Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
authors.forename: Dinah D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Tambalo
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.|Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boa
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.|Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
authors.forename: Bijaya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aryal
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.|Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yost
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D002170:Canada; D065948:Grassland; D006801:Humans; D045483:Rivers; D012525:Saskatchewan; D013045:Species Specificity; D014871:Water Microbiology
keywords: Campylobacter; agricultural watershed; bassin hydrologique agricole; eau de surface; pathogen prevalence; prévalence des pathogènes; qualité de l’eau; surface water; water quality