title: High frequency of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism FokI in Brazilian Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with clinical autoimmune thyroid disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been studied as genetic markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and some studies have reported associations with autoimmune thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between VDR FokI polymorphism (rs10735810), thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid dysfunction (TD) in Brazilian T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred-eighty T1DM patients were evaluated for age, duration of diabetes (DDM), positivity to TPO Antibody (TPOA), GAD Antibody (GADA), IA2 Antibody (IA2A) and fasting serum C-peptide (FCP) according to diagnosis of TD. PCR-RFLP analyses were carried out for VDR polymorphism FokI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TPOA positivity (80.0 vs. 25.0 %, p < 0.001) and GADA positivity (56.0 vs. 30.3 %, p = 0.01) were higher in T1DM patients with TD with the same age and DDM than the group without TD, with no difference of FCP and IA2A positivity. We observed higher prevalence of VDR FokI in T1DM with TD (ff and Ff 73.9 % with TD vs. 52.7 % without TD, p = 0.05). Positivity to TPOA and presence of FokI polymorphism were significantly associated with the concurrence of TD in T1DM patients (OR 18.1; CI 3.7-87.0; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VDR FokI polymorphism (rs10735810) was associated to persistence of GADA, TPOA positivity and TD in Brazilian T1DM. Positivity to TPOA and VDR polymorphism FokI were strongly associated with concurrence of T1D and TD. These data collaborate to understanding the joint susceptibility genes for TD in T1DM.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Barreto
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mory
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica Andrade Lima
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gabbay
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloá R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasamatsu
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crispim
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: Walquíria Lopes
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Atala
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dib
keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disease; Type 1 diabetes; Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism