title: Fighting Oxidative Stress: Increased Resistance of Male Rat Cerebellum at Weaning Induced by Low Omega 6/Omega 3 Ratio in a Protein-Deficient Diet.
abstract: The cerebellum is vulnerable to malnutrition effects. Notwithstanding, it is able to incorporate higher amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than the cerebral cortex (Cx) when low n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio is present in a multideficient diet. Considering importance of DHA for brain redox balance, we hypothesize that this cerebellum feature improves its antioxidant status compared to the Cx. A chronic malnutrition status was induced on dams before mating and kept until weaning or adulthood (offspring). A group nutritionally rehabilitated from weaning was also analyzed. Morphometric parameters, total-superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) and catalase activities, lipoperoxidation (LP), nitric oxide (NO), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/phosphate levels were assessed. Both ROS and LP levels were increased (∼53 %) in the Cx of malnourished young animals while the opposite was seen in the cerebellum (72 and 20 % of the control, respectively). Consistently, lower (∼35 %) and higher t-SOD (∼153 %) and catalase (CAT) (∼38 %) activities were respectively detected in the Cx and cerebellum compared to the control. In malnourished adult animals, redox balance was maintained in the cerebellum and recovered in the Cx (lower ROS and LP levels and higher GSH/GSSG ratio). NO production was impaired by malnutrition at either age, mainly in the cerebellum. The findings suggest that despite a multinutrient deficiency and a modified structural development, a low dietary n-6/n-3 ratio favors early antioxidant resources in the male cerebellum and indicates an important role of astrocytes in the redox balance recovery of Cx in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricielle Lopes
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Augusto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alinny Rosendo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivanildo Inácio da
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Silva-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
authors.forename: David Filipe de
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diorginis José Soares
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Jacques
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lagranha
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonçalves-Pimentel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Cairrão Araujo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. belmira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Belmira Lara da Silveira
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Andrade-da-Costa
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6
keywords: Brain development; Cerebellum; Cerebral cortex; Malnutrition; Oxidative stress