title: Norovirus diarrhea in Bangladesh, 2010-2014: prevalence, clinical features, and genotypes.
abstract: Norovirus infections in diarrhea patients attending an urban and a rural hospital in Bangladesh were investigated. A total of 953 fecal specimens from both children and adults collected during 2010-2014 were tested for the presence of norovirus using real time PCR. One fourth (25%) of the specimens were positive for norovirus RNA which was identified both in children and adults. Norovirus was associated with short duration of diarrhea, high abdominal pain, and more moderate to severe dehydration when compared with rotavirus infections. Norovirus GII (69%) was the most prevalent genogroup followed by GI (18%), mixed GI/GII/GIV (11%), and GIV (2%). Among GII genogroup, GII.4 (42%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by GII.3 (21%), GII.6 (7%), GII.7 (6%), and GII.21 (6%). GII.4 and GII.3 strains were frequently identified (82% and 75%, respectively) in children <2 years of age and less commonly (16% and 15%) in adults more than 18 years of age. The present study reinforces the importance of norovirus-associated hospitalizations both in children and adults. The dynamic molecular epidemiology of norovirus requires routine strain surveillance to identify changes in prevailing strains. J. Med. Virol. 88:1742-1750, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mustafizur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Rajibur
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Shamsun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Shakhaowat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Shahnawaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Abu Syed
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Golam Faruque
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tasnim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D000069578:Waterborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: food-borne epidemics; genetic variability; water-borne epidemics