title: Magnetic resonance imaging for localization of prostate cancer in the setting of biochemical recurrence.
abstract: The clinical suspicion of local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical treatment is based on the onset of biochemical failure. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer has increased over recent years, mainly for detection, staging, and active surveillance. However, suspicion of recurrence in the set of biochemical failure is becoming a significant reason for clinicians to request multiparametric MRI. Radiologists should be able to recognize the normal posttreatment MRI findings. Fibrosis and atrophic remnant seminal vesicles (SV) after radical prostatectomy are often found and must be differentiated from local relapse. Moreover, brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, and focal therapies tend to diffusely decrease the signal intensity of the peripheral zone on T2-weighted images due to the loss of water content, consequently mimicking tumor and hemorrhage. The combination of T2-weighted images and functional studies like diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging improves the identification of local relapse. Tumor recurrence tends to restrict on diffusion images and avidly enhances after contrast administration. The authors provide a review of the normal findings and the signs of local tumor relapse after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy and focal therapies.
authors.affiliation: Departement of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: valeria.panebianco@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panebianco
authors.affiliation: Departement of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barchetti
authors.affiliation: Departement of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello Domenico
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Grompone
authors.affiliation: Departement of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colarieti
authors.affiliation: Departement of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Turro, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardone
authors.affiliation: Departement of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catalano
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Brachytherapy; Cancer; Cryosurgery; MRI; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Radiotherapy; Recurrence