title: Effects on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD or ILD: A retrospective analysis of clinical and functional predictors with particular emphasis on gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The response of patients in a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is essentially good. However, not all patients benefit from PR to the same extent. In this analysis we wanted to identify the impact of gender and other factors on PR outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or interstitial lung disease (ILD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients suffering from COPD (n = 1492) or ILD (n = 599), treated during an inpatient PR between 1997 and 2015, were analysed according to the effects of PR on exercise capacity and quality of life with regard to the impact of gender or other predictors by univariate and multivariate analyzes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group of COPD patients, 30% did not achieve the expected physical performance during the 6-min walk test (28% of female and 32% of male patients). However, the non-responders initially have had a higher 6-min walking distance (6-MWD) (p < 0.001) and both male and female showed a significant lower BODE index (p = 0.025) in the multivariate analysis. In the ILD-group, 37% females and 43% males were classified as non-responders with regard to the 6-MWD. Also in this group, the non-responders initially have had a higher 6-MWD (p < 0.001). All other variables (age, BMI, lung function, blood gases, C-reactive Protein, Haemoglobin or rehabilitation duration) had no influence on the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports the positive effects of PR in COPD and ILD patients. In both groups, patients with the biggest limitations benefit most from PR. However, relevant gender differences or other predictors could not be found.
authors.affiliation: Remigius Hospital, Leverkusen, Opladen, Germany; Department of Pneumology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany. Electronic address: spielmanns@k-plus.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spielmanns
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine & Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany; Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gloeckl
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Unit, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Koeln gGmbH, Germany; Department of Pneumology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Windisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Koeln gGmbH, Germany; Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Storre
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine & Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boensch
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine & Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany; Phillips University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kenn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: COPD; Effectiveness; Gender; Interstitial lung disease; Predictors; Pulmonary rehabilitation; Success