title: The potential of genetic and gene expression analysis in the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
abstract: Neuropsychiatric disorders are difficult to diagnose because of phenotypic heterogeneity within and symptomatic overlap between disorders. This review describes how genomics and blood-based gene expression have shown potential as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder) yet also discusses how a complex genetic landscape has limited sole genetic diagnostic tools for these disorders. In addition to their potential use as classifiers for neuropsychiatric disorders, genomic and blood-based biomarkers have revealed clues to the molecular pathways contributing to etiology. A comprehensive overview of studies to date has been given, and the authors provide suggestions for steps to be taken to ultimately move the laboratory-based classifiers towards application in a clinical setting. Furthermore, they share their vision for the future of these classifiers, both in clinical application and in opening up new ways to gain insights into the underlying biology.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego, La Jolla , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van de Leemput
authors.affiliation: b Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology , SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Glatt
authors.affiliation: a Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego, La Jolla , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Neuropsychiatric disorders; bipolar disorder; blood-based gene expression; diagnostic classifiers; genomics; major depressive disorder; schizophrenia