title: Cognitive Profiles in Parkinson's Disease and their Correlation with Dementia, Anxiety and Depression: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out at a medical centre to determine the cognitive profiles of 30 Parkinson's disease patients with age of 69.76 ± 7.39 years. Thirty-seven percent of the patients were found to be at risk for dementia. The scores on subscales of working memory and alternating verbal fluency were significantly lower in Parkinson's disease patients who were older than 77 years old. The scores on a subtest of working memory on the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PDCRS) were significantly lower in Parkinson's disease patients with a duration of illness of more than 10 years. In cognitive measurement, the subtests of verbal memory, delayed free recall and verbal fluency on the PD¬CRS were significantly lower in patients with less than six years of education. The patients who had difficulty with sustained attention, working memory and movement had significant anxiety and depression symptoms. In conclusion, multiple patterns in cognitive profiles influence the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease in multi-dimensional ways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences , Health Campus USM Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Nor Azlen
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Wan Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Normah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Che Din
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kebangansaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Neurology Unit, Pusat Perubatan UKM, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlinah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
keywords: anxiety; cognitive Parkinson’s disease; dementia; depression