title: Exploring resilience in nursing and midwifery students: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the concepts of 'resilience' and 'hardiness' in nursing and midwifery students in educational settings and to identify educational interventions to promote resilience.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Resilience in healthcare professionals has gained increasing attention globally, yet to date resilience and resilience education in nursing and midwifery students remain largely under-researched.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integrative literature review was planned, however, only quantitative evidence was identified therefore, a review of quantitative studies was undertaken using a systematic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Maternity and Infant Care databases January 1980-February 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted using a specifically designed form and quality assessed using an appropriate checklist. A narrative summary of findings and statistical outcomes was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight quantitative studies were included. Research relating to resilience and resilience education in nursing and midwifery students is sparse. There is a weak evidence that resilience and hardiness is associated with slightly improved academic performance and decreased burnout. However, studies were heterogeneous in design and limited by poor methodological quality. No study specifically considered student midwives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of resilience in nursing and midwifery students is essential for the development of educational resources. It is imperative that future research considers both nursing and midwifery training cohorts and should be of strong methodological quality.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D002055:Burnout, Professional; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery; D011247:Pregnancy; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013334:Students; D013338:Students, Nursing
keywords: behaviour change; hardiness; interventions; literature review; midwifery; nursing; resilience; students