title: Oxidative stress-induced toxicity of CuO nanoparticles and related toxicogenomic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Microarray analysis of toxicogenomic effects of CuO NPs on Arabidopsis thaliana was conducted. Arabidopsis growth was significantly inhibited by CuO NPs (10 and 20 mg/L). CuO NPs (10 and 20 mg/L) caused significant root damage after short-time (0-2 h) exposure while their corresponding Cu(2+) ions (0.80 and 1.35 mg/L) did not show any root damage. After longer exposure times (1 and 2 days), Cu(2+) ions induced obvious root damage, indicating that released Cu(2+) ions from CuO NPs contributed partial toxicity during CuO NPs exposure. After CuO NPs (10 mg/L) exposure for 2 h, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in root tips was much higher than that in the corresponding Cu(2+) ions (0.8 mg/L) treatment. The gene ontology categories identified from microarray analysis showed that CuO NPs (10 mg/L) caused 1658 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.01, fold change>3). Of these, 1035 and 623 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. 47 genes among all the up-regulated genes were response to oxidative stress, in which 19 genes were also related to "response to abiotic stimulus" and 12 genes were involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis of the KEGG metabolic pathway. The expression of all the selected genes (RHL41, MSRB7, BCB, PRXCA, and MC8) measured using quantitative RT-PCR was consistent with the microarray analysis. CuO NPs contributed much stronger up-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes than the corresponding Cu(2+) ions.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial and Gene Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: jzhao@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Guangli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: bx@umass.edu.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D043922:Toxicogenetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003300:Copper; C030973:cupric oxide
keywords: CuO nanoparticles; Gene expression; Microarray; Oxidative stress; Phytotoxicity