title: Regulation of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol in water bodies in Europe, the United States, and Brazil.
abstract: The synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol, the principal component of oral contraceptives, has been identified as one of the main compounds accounting for adverse effects on the endocrine system in various species. This study aimed to analyze the state-of-the-art in legislation and guidelines for the control of this synthetic estrogen in water bodies in Europe and the United States and to draw a parallel with the Brazilian reality. Countries have generally attempted to expand the regulation and monitoring of certain emerging micropollutants not previously covered by legislation. Europe is more advanced in terms of water quality, while in the United States this estrogen is only regulated in water for human consumption. Brazil still lacks legal provisions or standards for this estrogen, which can be explained by the relatively limited maturity of the country's system for controlling water pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danieli Lima
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel Muylaert Camargo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Maia
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bila
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaime Lopes da Mota
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula de Novaes
authors.initials: Pde N
authors.lastname: Sarcinelli
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariane Leites
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Larentis
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D004967:Estrogens; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D005060:Europe; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol