title: Vasomotor symptoms and osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relationships between vasomotor symptoms (VMS), bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1390 postmenopausal Korean women aged 45-65 years who attended a routine health check-up at a single institution. Their results on the Menopause Rating Scale were used to assess VMS, and moderate, severe, and very severe VMS were combined into moderate-to-severe VMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationships of VMS with BMD and osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and femoral neck bone were analyzed by multivariate regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of all participants was 54.63 ± 4.78 years. Four hundred seventy-one (33.9%) women reported mild VMS and 344 (24.7%) reported moderate-to-severe VMS. Osteoporosis was newly diagnosed in 156 (11.2%) women. BMD levels were not significantly different among the no/mild/moderate-to-severe VMS groups, despite the significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis in the femoral neck bone. Women with mild VMS and those with moderate-to-severe VMS had a lower BMD than women without VMS after adjustment for age, years since menopause, years of reproductive age, BMI, insulin resistance, smoking, alcohol, steroids use, exercise, previous fracture and parental history of hip fracture. And moderate-to-severe VMS was significantly associated with the risk of osteoporosis in the femoral neck bone (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.41-6.26) and in the lumbar spine (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.09-3.40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VMS are associated with decreased BMD, and moderate-to-severe VMS in particular are independently associated with the risk of osteoporosis in otherwise healthy postmenopausal Korean women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea. Electronic address: cyberpelvis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hyun-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong Wook
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D005272:Femur Neck; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D013546:Sweating
keywords: Bone mineral density; Osteoporosis; Post-menopause; Vasomotor symptoms