title: Exercise training as a drug to treat age associated frailty.
abstract: Exercise causes an increase in the production of free radicals [1]. As a result of a hormetic mechanism antioxidant enzymes are synthesised and the cells are protected against further oxidative stress. Thus, exercise can be considered as an antioxidant [2]. Age-associated frailty is a major medical and social concern as it can easily lead to dependency. In this review we describe that oxidative stress is associated with frailty and the mechanism by which exercise prevents age-associated frailty. We propose that individually tailored multicomponent exercise programmes are one of the best ways to prevent and to treat age-associated frailty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Spain; Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain; School of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viña
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Spain; Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain; School of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvador-Pascual
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain; School of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Jose
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tarazona-Santabalbina
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: Leocadio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Mañas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Spain; Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain; School of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.gomez@uv.es.
authors.forename: Mari Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gomez-Cabrera
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D000073496:Frailty / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Aging; Antioxidant; Multicomponent exercise; Oxidative stress; PGC-1α; ROS signalling; Reactive oxygen species; mTOR