title: A novel method for transmission electron microscopy study of cytoplasmic fragments from preimplantation human embryos.
abstract: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the main tool for exploring the intracellular damage and organelle distribution. The cause of producing embryo cytoplsamic fragmentation is not completely understood. Since the fragments have detrimental effects on embryo development, the ultrastructural analysis of fragments may play an important role in fragmentation etiology and in embryo development as well. There are no studies regarding the ultrastructure of fragments in transferable embryos, because the preparation for TEM is not vital and embryos are discarded inevitably. This study aims to introduce a new method for ultrastructural evaluation of fragments without damaging the human cleaving embryos. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:459-462, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Halvaei
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nottola
mesh_terms: D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D033041:Embryo Research; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods*; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: embryo; empty zona pellucida; fragmentation; transmission electron microscopy