title: Reliability of Neurobehavioral Assessments from Birth to Term Equivalent Age in Preterm and Term Born Infants.
abstract: Neurobehavioral assessments provide insight into the functional integrity of the developing brain and help guide early intervention for preterm (<37 weeks' gestation) infants. In the context of shorter hospital stays, clinicians often need to assess preterm infants prior to term equivalent age. Few neurobehavioral assessments used in the preterm period have established interrater reliability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the interrater reliability of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) and the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS), when used both preterm and at term (>36 weeks).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five preterm infants and 11 term controls were recruited. Five assessors double-scored the HNNE and NNNS administered either preterm or at term. A one-way random effects, absolute, single-measures interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine interrater reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interrater reliability for the HNNE was excellent (ICC > 0.74) for optimality scores, and good (ICC 0.60-0.74) to excellent for subtotal scores, except for 'Tone Patterns' (ICC 0.54). On the NNNS, interrater reliability was predominantly excellent for all items. Interrater agreement was generally excellent at both time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the HNNE and NNNS neurobehavioral assessments demonstrated mostly excellent interrater reliability when used prior to term and at term.
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Abbey L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Eeles
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Joy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Emma K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: McInnes
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Charlotte M L
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Molesworth
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Jeanie L Y
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Lex W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: a Victorian Infant Brain Study , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , RCH, Parkville , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spittle
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D015588:Observer Variation; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D047929:Term Birth / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Intraclass correlation coefficient; inter-rater reliability; neurobehavioral assessment; preterm infant