title: Mobilization of Pluripotent Multilineage-Differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells in Ischemic Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study was aimed to prove the hypothesis that multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are mobilized from bone marrow into peripheral blood in patients with ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 29 patients with ischemic stroke. To quantify the circulating Muse cells, peripheral blood was obtained from all patients on admission and at days 7 and 30. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Muse cells were identified as stage-specific embryonic antigen-3-positive cells. The control values were obtained from 5 healthy volunteers. Separately, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the distribution of Muse cells in the bone marrow of 8 autopsy cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of Muse cells robustly increased within 24 hours after the onset, compared with the controls, but their baseline number and temporal profile widely varied among patients. No clinical data predicted the baseline number of Muse cells at the onset. Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking and alcohol intake significantly affect the increase in circulating Muse cells. The odds ratio was .0027 (P = .0336) and 1688 (P = .0220) for smoking and alcohol intake, respectively. The percentage of Muse cells in the bone marrow was .20% ± .17%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that pluripotent Muse cells are mobilized from the bone marrow into peripheral blood in the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Smoking and alcohol intake significantly affect their temporal profile. Therapeutic interventions that increase endogenous Muse cells or exogenous administration of Muse cells may improve functional outcome after ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Soushi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. Electronic address: skuroda@med.u-toyama.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002465:Cell Movement; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens / Q000097:blood; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D015415:Biomarkers; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; C052924:stage-specific embryonic antigen-3
keywords: Ischemic stroke; Muse cell; bone marrow; mobilization; pluripotent stem cell