title: Archaeal Community Changes Associated with Cultivation of Amazon Forest Soil with Oil Palm.
abstract: This study compared soil archaeal communities of the Amazon forest with that of an adjacent area under oil palm cultivation by 16S ribosomal RNA gene pyrosequencing. Species richness and diversity were greater in native forest soil than in the oil palm-cultivated area, and 130 OTUs (13.7%) were shared between these areas. Among the classified sequences, Thaumarchaeota were predominant in the native forest, whereas Euryarchaeota were predominant in the oil palm-cultivated area. Archaeal species diversity was 1.7 times higher in the native forest soil, according to the Simpson diversity index, and the Chao1 index showed that richness was five times higher in the native forest soil. A phylogenetic tree of unclassified Thaumarchaeota sequences showed that most of the OTUs belong to Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group. Several archaeal genera involved in nutrient cycling (e.g., methanogens and ammonia oxidizers) were identified in both areas, but significant differences were found in the relative abundances of Candidatus Nitrososphaera and unclassified Soil Crenarchaeotic Group (prevalent in the native forest) and Candidatus Nitrosotalea and unclassified Terrestrial Group (prevalent in the oil palm-cultivated area). More studies are needed to culture some of these Archaea in the laboratory so that their metabolism and physiology can be studied.
authors.affiliation: Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiva Domenech
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Tupinambá
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Swine and Poultry Research Center, Embrapa, 89700-991 Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício Egídio
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cantão
authors.affiliation: Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ohana Yonara Assis
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jessica Carvalho
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biology, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Henrique
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biology, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cynthia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kyaw
authors.affiliation: Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristine Chaves
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160 Brasília, DF, Brazil; Embrapa Agroenergy, 70770-901 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Betania Ferraz
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Quirino
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019605:Euryarchaeota; D065928:Forests; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S