title: High Novel Oncogene with Kinase-Domain (NOK) Gene Expression is Associated with the Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the expression levels of the NOK (novel oncogene with kinase-domain) gene in renal cell carcinoma and its association with the progression of this cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analyses were applied to investigate the NOK expression level in RCC and adjacent normal renal tissue samples. MTT, colony formation, and migration assays were also utilized to evaluate the role of NOK in RCC cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Knocked-down expression of NOK in an RCC cell line (786-0) suppressed cellular proliferation and migration by restraining the activation of AKT and ERK. We found that the expression level of NOK was significantly higher in RCC tissues than in their adjacent tissues, and more importantly, overexpression of NOK was evidently correlated with the tumor TNM stage and Fuhrman grade (p < 0.001). A high level of NOK was also associated with poor overall survival (p < 0.05) and disease-free survival (p < 0.05) by Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NOK expression increased in RCC and was significantly correlated with TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, poor overall survival, poor disease-free survival, metastasis, and proliferation in RCC cells by regulating the activation of AKT and ERK, suggesting that NOK may play important roles as a positive regulator to RCC.
authors.forename: Qingfei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Meixue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zizhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weichao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yanyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiongjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C482299:STYK1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases