title: Preparation of collagen/hydroxyapatite/alendronate hybrid hydrogels as potential scaffolds for bone regeneration.
abstract: Development of biomimetic scaffolds represents a promising direction in bone tissue engineering. In this study, we designed a two-step process to prepare a type of biomimetic hybrid hydrogels that were composed of collagen, hydroxyapatite (HAP) and alendronate (ALN), an anti-osteoporosis drug. First, water-soluble ALN-conjugated HAP (HAP-ALN) containing 4.0wt.% of ALN was synthesized by treating HAP particles with ALN. Hydrogels were then formed from HAP-ALN conjugate and collagen under physiological conditions using genipin (GNP) as the crosslinker. Depending on the ALN/collagen molar ratio and GNP concentration, the gelation time of hydrogels ranged from 5 to 37min. Notably, these hybrid hydrogels exhibited markedly improved mechanical property (storage modulus G'=38-187kPa), higher gel contents, and lower swelling ratios compared to the hydrogels prepared from collagen alone under similar conditions. Moreover, they showed tunable degradation behaviors against collagenase. The collagen/HAP-ALN hybrid hydrogels supported the adhesion and growth of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells well. Such tough yet enzymatically degradable hybrid hydrogels hold potential as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
authors.forename: Fengxuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. Electronic address: zyzhong@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; China Orthopeadic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China. Electronic address: binli@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017364:Collagenases / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D044367:Phase Transition; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D020100:Hydrogels; D039823:Iridoids; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; C007834:genipin; D017364:Collagenases; D019386:Alendronate
keywords: Alendronate; Bone tissue engineering; Collagen; Enzymatically degradable; Hydroxyapatite; In situ forming hydrogels