title: Interferon β-1a and Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Statins, widely used cholesterol-lowering agents, have also been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and immunomdulatory effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of atorvastatin in combination with Interferon-β in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a randomized controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple sclerosis patients were randomized independently, in a double blind design, into one of two treatment groups. Control group (n=45) received 30 μg/week interferon β-1a via intra-muscular injection. Atorvastatin-treated group (n=50) received interferon β-1a similar to control group in addition to atorvastatin (40 mg/day) for 18-months. All clinical and immunological variables were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the two groups in the expanded disability status scale scores and the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions during the 18-month treatment period. After 18 months, the levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β and serum ferric reducing antioxidant power in the atorvastatin treatment group were significantly higher than the control group. Levels of IL-17, TNF-α and lymphocyte proliferation in the atorvastatin treatment group were significantly lower than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although combined atorvastatin and interferon-β do not change the clinical course of MS, atorvastatin might have beneficial effects in MS treatment possibly through inducing anti-inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghasami
authors.forename: Fardin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faraji
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fazeli
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghazavi
authors.forename: Ghasem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mosayebi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a