title: It's Time for An Epigenomics Roadmap of Heart Failure.
abstract: The post-genomic era has completed its first decade. During this time, we have seen an attempt to understand life not just through the study of individual isolated processes, but through the appreciation of the amalgam of complex networks, within which each process can influence others. Greatly benefiting this view has been the study of the epigenome, the set of DNA and histone protein modifications that regulate gene expression and the function of regulatory non-coding RNAs without altering the DNA sequence itself. Indeed, the availability of reference genome assemblies of many species has led to the development of methodologies such as ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq that have allowed us to define with high resolution the genomic distribution of several epigenetic elements and to better comprehend how they are interconnected for the regulation of gene expression. In the last few years, the use of these methodologies in the cardiovascular field has contributed to our understanding of the importance of epigenetics in heart diseases, giving new input to this area of research. Here, we review recently acquired knowledge on the role of the epigenome in heart failure, and discuss the need of an epigenomics roadmap for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papait
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: V G Latronico
keywords: Epigenetics; Heart failure; NGS; Non-coding RNA