title: Analysis of gene expression in mouse brain regions after exposure to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields.
abstract: To assess 1.9 GHz radiofrequency (RF) field exposure on gene expression within a variety of discrete mouse brain regions using whole genome microarray analysis.
  
  
  
  Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated or continuous-wave RF fields for 4 h/day for 5 consecutive days at whole body average (WBA) specific absorption rates of 0 (sham), ∼0.2 W/kg and ∼1.4 W/kg. Total RNA was isolated from the auditory cortex, amygdala, caudate, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex and differential gene expression was assessed using Illumina MouseWG-6 (v2) BeadChip arrays. Validation of potentially responding genes was conducted by RT-PCR.
  
  
  
  When analysis of gene expression was conducted within individual brain regions when controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), no differentially expressed genes were identified relative to the sham control. However, it must be noted that most fold changes among groups were observed to be less than 1.5-fold and this study had limited ability to detect such small changes. While some genes were differentially expressed without correction for multiple-comparisons testing, no consistent pattern of response was observed among different RF-exposure levels or among different RF-modulations.
  
  
  
  The current study provides the most comprehensive analysis of potential gene expression changes in the rodent brain in response to RF field exposure conducted to date. Within the exposure conditions and limitations of this study, no convincing evidence of consistent changes in gene expression was found in response to 1.9 GHz RF field exposure.
authors.affiliation: a Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate , Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Ottawa ;
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McNamee
authors.affiliation: a Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate , Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Ottawa ;
authors.forename: Pascale V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bellier
authors.affiliation: b Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada ;
authors.forename: Anne T M
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Konkle
authors.affiliation: c Gladstone Institutes , San Francisco , CA , USA ;
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Engineering , Rajamangala University of Technology, Isan , Khon Kaen , Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wasoontarajaroen
authors.affiliation: a Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate , Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Ottawa ;
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lemay
authors.affiliation: a Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate , Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Ottawa ;
authors.forename: Greg B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gajda
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008872:Microwaves; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins
keywords: Gene expression; RT-PCR; brain; microarray; mouse; radiofrequency