title: Toxicologic Pathology Analysis for Translational Neuroscience: Improving Human Risk Assessment Using Optimized Animal Data.
abstract: A half-day American College of Toxicology continuing education course presented key issues often confronted by translational neuroscientists when predicting human risk from animal-derived toxicologic pathology data. Two talks correlated discrete structures with major functions in brains of rodents and nonrodents. The third lecture provided practical advice to obtain highly homologous rodent brain sections for quantitative morphometry in developmental neurotoxicity testing. The last presentation discussed demographic influences (eg, species, strain, sex, age), physiological attributes (eg, body composition, brain vascularity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc), and husbandry parameters (eg, group housing) recognized to impact the actions of neuroactive chemicals. Speakers described common cases of real-world challenges to animal data interpretation encountered when designing studies or extrapolating biological responses across species. The efficiency of translational neuroscience efforts will likely be enhanced as new methods (eg, high-resolution non-invasive imaging) improve our capability to cross-connect subtle anatomic and/or biochemical lesions with functional changes over time.
authors.affiliation: Covance Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Alok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Deepa B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, Groton, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ingrid D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.affiliation: Consultants in Veterinary Pathology, Inc, Murrysville, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Garman
authors.affiliation: GEMpath Inc, Longmont, CO, USA bradgempath@aol.com.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bolon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009488:Neurosciences; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000473:pathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
keywords: interspecies extrapolation; nervous system; neuroanatomy; neuropathology; neuroscience; neurotoxicity; translational medicine