title: Occupational Safety and Health Measures in Micro-scale Enterprises (MSEs) in Shiraz, Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the extent of implementation of occupational safety and health measures in micro-scale enterprises (MSEs) and to assess the prevalence of occupational injuries and accidents and its relationship with occupational safety and health measures provided in the MSEs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 595 of MSEs. An index called the Safety and Health Requirement Index (SHRI) was created and used to calculate the percentage of provided occupational safety and health measures. The relationship between the SHRI and the occurrence of occupational accidents and injuries was investigated with the independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean SHRI score was 60.43%, which was categorized into moderate level. Of the 30.9% of enterprises that had experienced accidents and injuries, the most common types of injuries were musculoskeletal disorders and cuts, and the least common types were pulmonary and hearing problems. Results of one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant relationship between the mean SHRI score and industrial branch, enterprise size, and type of accident and injury. The independent samples t-test showed that the occurrence of occupational accidents and injuries was not significantly influenced by provided health and safety measures in MSEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the high percentage of enterprises with very poor to poor levels for the SHRI and the high prevalence of occupational accidents and injuries among the studied MSEs, feasible protective strategies and job safety training programs are required to promote occupational health and safety in the studied MSEs.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahangiri
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rostamabadi
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
authors.forename: Amin Fahandej
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sadi
authors.forename: Golnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamzavi
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rasooli
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.forename: Haleh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghaem
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016272:Occupational Health; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D058012:Small Business / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*