title: Immune response to antituberculosis drug-loaded gelatin and polyisobutyl-cyanoacrylate nanoparticles in macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secondary toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) in macrophages is a well-known phenomenon. The aim of the study was to investigate the immuneresponse of macrophages after NP treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antituberculosis drugs moxifloxacin and rifampicin were loaded into gelatin and polyisobutyl-cyanoacrylate NPs. The NPs were physicochemical characterized. Cellular immuneresponses and cellular viability were determined. The drug release kinetics vary depending on the type of NP, size and loading capacity. IC50 values of polyisobutyl-cyanoacrylate NPs were lower than for gelatin NPs. NPs treatment induced higher release of Th1 type cytokines compared with free drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NPs together with chemotherapeutic drugs might be able to trigger an immune response in macrophages. The combined effect might be able to overcome mycobacteria infections.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, University of Alberta 11361 - 87 Avenue, Room 3-142-K Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarfraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, University of Tongji Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: PharmaSolv Consulting, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sophie-Dorothee
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Clas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bou-Chacra
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, University of Alberta 11361 - 87 Avenue, Room 3-142-K Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Raimar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Löbenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D065546:Drug Liberation; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D004659:Enbucrilate; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D016207:Cytokines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005780:Gelatin; D004659:Enbucrilate; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D012293:Rifampin
keywords: immunostimulation; macrophage; moxifloxacin; nanoparticles; rifampicin; tuberculosis