title: The toxic effect and bioaccumulation in aquatic oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri after combined exposure to cadmium and perfluorooctane sulfonate at different pH values.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been detected in aquatic environment. In this study, we investigated the acute effect, bioaccumulation and oxidative stress status in the aquatic oligocheate Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri after exposure to Cd and PFOS at different pH values. In the studied pH range, acute Cd toxicity was significantly enhanced with pH increasing from 6.2 to 8.0, and the 48h-EC50 of Cd was (significantly) decreased in the presence of PFOS. Bioaccumulation analysis results show that the accumulated Cd/PFOS in single exposure group increased with increasing exposure concentrations, and co-exposure makes internal Cd concentration significantly lowered for Cd(0.1) group at pH 8.0. Significant changes in superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione level and malondialdehyde content were observed in single and combined treatments. Based on IBR value, single Cd and PFOS exposure caused largest damage to the antioxidant defense system at pH 8.0 and pH 6.2, respectively, while the harmful effects of joint exposure were always the "compromise" between single Cd and PFOS exposure. This work could provide useful information for the risk assessment of co-exposure to perfluorinated compounds and heavy metals in natural environment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Ruijuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiaoqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Liansheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, PR China. Electronic address: wangzun315cn@163.com.
authors.forename: Zunyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Acute toxicity; Bioaccumulation; Cadmium; Oxidative stress; Perfluorooctane sulfonate