title: Radiotherapy Improvements by Using Au Nanoparticles.
abstract: Au nanoparticles can be prepared inside biological solutions and incorporated in special molecules for their transport through blood, drugs and proteins up to the tumour sites or directly injected in their volume when it is possible. The Au nanoparticles are biocompatible and can be accepted locally in the organism also at relatively high concentrations. The use of Au nanoparticles injected in the tumour site enhances significantly the effective atomic number of the medium, depending on the used concentration, and consequently the proton and electron energy loss and the X-ray absorption coefficient determining an increment of the local absorbed dose during radiotherapy. Traditional radiotherapy using electrons, X-rays and gamma rays, and innovative protontherapy can benefit the increment of the effective atomic number of the tissue in the presence of Au-nanoparticles embedded in the tumour volume with an adaptive up-take procedure. This method decreases the dose released to the healthy tissues permitting a better cantering of the irradiated targets and shielding the healthy tissue placed behind the tumour. The presented theoretical study approach permits to evaluate an enhancement of the radiotherapy dose of the order of 1 % using 60 MeV protons, of the order of 10% using 6 MeV electrons and of the order of 100 % using 100 keV X-ray photons. Here, we also disccused for patents relaed to the topic.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica & SdT, F.S. d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata (ME), Messina, Italy. lorenzo.torrisi@unime.it.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torrisi
mesh_terms: D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010330:Patents as Topic; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D006046:Gold