title: Sodium butyrate exerts neuroprotective effects by restoring the blood-brain barrier in traumatic brain injury mice.
abstract: Sodium butyrate (SB) has been widely used to treat cerebral diseases. The aim of the present study is to examine the neuroprotective effects of SB on early TBI in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects. TBI was induced using a modified weight-drop method. Neurological deficits were evaluated according to the neurological severity score (NSS), brain oedema was measured by brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was evaluated by Evans blue (EB) dye extravasation. Neuronal injury was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Fluoro-Jade C staining. The expression of tight junction-associated proteins, such as occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), was analysed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that mice subjected to TBI exhibited worsened NSS, brain oedema, neuronal damage and BBB permeability. However, these were all attenuated by SB. Moreover, SB reversed the decrease in occludin and ZO-1 expression induced by TBI. These findings suggest that SB might attenuate neurological deficits, brain oedema, neuronal change and BBB damage, as well as increase occludin and ZO-1 expression in the brain to protect against TBI. The protective effect of SB may be correlated with restoring the BBB following its impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Haixiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 College West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Fangyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenqian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Renchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Qiu
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiaming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000378:metabolism; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D062793:Occludin / Q000378:metabolism; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D062793:Occludin; C568986:Ocln protein, mouse; C569043:Tjp1 protein, mouse; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D020148:Butyric Acid
keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Brain oedema; Neuronal degeneration; Sodium butyrate; Traumatic brain injury