title: Nutritional Epidemiology of Antenatal Smoking Cessation Among Japanese Women.
abstract: This study compared the nutritional status before pregnancy, as well as dietary profiles and biomarkers during first trimester, between never-smokers and antenatal quitters among Japanese women. One hundred fifty pregnant women (79 never-smokers and 71 antenatal quitters) from two obstetrics and gynecology clinics were recruited in Japan. Subjects' prepregnancy nutritional status was indicated by their body mass index (BMI). In the first trimester, their dietary profiles were assessed by the Brief Diet-History Questionnaire (BDHQ) and pregnancy outcomes were screened by biomarker tests. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the differences of energy-adjusted dietary intakes and biomarker results between the two smoking groups, with adjustment of maternal age, BMI, gestation week, and parity. The results showed that antenatal quitters were more likely to have a prepregnancy underweight status than never-smokers. During the first trimester, antenatal quitters had significantly higher intakes of unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants (vegetable lipids and isoflavone), and lower intakes of total cholesterol than never-smokers. Moreover, antenatal quitters had a significantly higher level of serum homocysteine (6.36 nmol/mL vs 4.88 nmol/mL) than never-smokers. In conclusion, antenatal quitters are more likely to have a poor nutritional status before pregnancy than never-smokers. Quitting smoking before pregnancy and having a good nutritional profile during the trimester may not sufficiently reverse the adverse effects of former smoking behaviors on pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas , USA.
authors.forename: Kwok-Kei
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Children and Women's Health , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: c Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nomachi
authors.affiliation: d Department of Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suganuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006710:Homocysteine