title: Ultra-efficient photocatalytic deprivation of methylene blue and biological activities of biogenic silver nanoparticles.
abstract: Phytosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is considered as a safe, cost-effective, and green approach. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using the aqueous extract of Lychee (Litchi chinensis) fruit peel and an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several analytical techniques i.e. UV-Vis Spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), EDX (electron dispersive X-ray), SAED (selected area electron diffraction), HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). HRTEM and XRD results indicated that the prepared AgNPs are spherical in shape, well dispersed and face centered cubic crystalline. AgNPs showed potent antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 125μg against E. coli and 62.5μg against both S. aureus and B. subtilis. AgNPs induce efficient cell constituent release from bacterial cells, which indicates the deterioration of cytoplasmic membrane. Moreover, antioxidant studies on the as-synthesized nanoparticles reveal efficient scavenging of the stable or harmful DPPH free radical. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that biosynthesized AgNPs are nontoxic to normal healthy RBCs. AgNPs exhibited consistent release of Ag(+) determined by ICP-AES analysis. AgNPs exhibited extraordinary photocatalytic degradation (99.24%) of methylene blue. On the other hand, commercial silver nanoparticles have moderate biological activities against the tested bacterial strains and negligible photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The significant biological and photocatalytic activities of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles are attributed to their small size, spherical morphology and high dispersion.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China. Electronic address: khanbuct@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arif Ullah
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China. Electronic address: yuanqp@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qipeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zia Ul Haq
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, 25000 KP, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahab Ullah
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Aftab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shafiullah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Faheem Ullah
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D002384:Catalysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Litchi chinensis; Methylene blue; Photocatalytic degradation; X-ray diffraction