title: Monitoring Anthropogenic Ocean Sound from Shipping Using an Acoustic Sensor Network and a Compressive Sensing Approach.
abstract: Monitoring ocean acoustic noise has been the subject of considerable recent study, motivated by the desire to assess the impact of anthropogenic noise on marine life. A combination of measuring ocean sound using an acoustic sensor network and modelling sources of sound and sound propagation has been proposed as an approach to estimating the acoustic noise map within a region of interest. However, strategies for developing a monitoring network are not well established. In this paper, considerations for designing a network are investigated using a simulated scenario based on the measurement of sound from ships in a shipping lane. Using models for the sources of the sound and for sound propagation, a noise map is calculated and measurements of the noise map by a sensor network within the region of interest are simulated. A compressive sensing algorithm, which exploits the sparsity of the representation of the noise map in terms of the sources, is used to estimate the locations and levels of the sources and thence the entire noise map within the region of interest. It is shown that although the spatial resolution to which the sound sources can be identified is generally limited, estimates of aggregated measures of the noise map can be obtained that are more reliable compared with those provided by other approaches.
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. peter.harris@npl.co.uk.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK. Rachel.Philip@maths.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. stephen.robinson@npl.co.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. lian.wang@npl.co.uk.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: acoustic sensor network; compressive sensing; ocean sound; source reconstruction