title: Restoration of growth by manganese in a mutant strain of Escherichia coli lacking most known iron and manganese uptake systems.
abstract: The interplay of manganese and iron homeostasis and oxidative stress in Escherichia coli can give important insights into survival of bacteria in the phagosome and under differing iron or manganese bioavailabilities. Here, we characterized a mutant strain devoid of all know iron/manganese-uptake systems relevant for growth in defined medium. Based on these results an exit strategy enabling the cell to cope with iron depletion and use of manganese as an alternative for iron could be shown. Such a strategy would also explain why E. coli harbors some iron- or manganese-dependent iso-enzymes such as superoxide dismutases or ribonucleotide reductases. The benefits for gaining a means for survival would be bought with the cost of less efficient metabolism as indicated in our experiments by lower cell densities with manganese than with iron. In addition, this strain was extremely sensitive to the metalloid gallium but this gallium toxicity can be alleviated by low concentrations of manganese.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taudte
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nadezhda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: German
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Guan
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.|Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China. crensing94@gmail.com.|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. crensing94@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rensing
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D005708:Gallium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese; D005708:Gallium; D007501:Iron
keywords: Gallium; Iron; Manganese; SOD