title: Kidneys: key modulators of high-density lipoprotein levels and function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The review will examine advances in our understanding of the role kidneys play in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and the effect on levels, composition, and function of HDL particles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Components of the HDL particles can cross the glomerular filtration barrier. Some of these components, including apolipoproteins and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, are taken up by the proximal tubule and degraded, modified, salvaged/returned to the circulation, or lost in the urine. Injury of the glomerular capillaries or tubules can affect these intrarenal processes and modify HDL. Changes in the plasma and urine levels of HDL may be novel markers of kidney damage or mechanism(s) of kidney disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The kidneys have a significant role in the metabolism of individual HDL components, which in turn modulate HDL levels, composition, and functionality of HDL particles. These intrarenal effects may be useful markers of kidney damage and have consequences on kidney-related perturbations in HDL.
authors.affiliation: aDepartments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, and Immunology bDepartments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology cDepartments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Haichun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Agnes B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fogo
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kon
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL