title: Neutrophil heterogeneity: implications for homeostasis and pathogenesis.
abstract: Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the phagocytic system that act as first line of host defense against invading pathogens but are also important mediators of inflammation-induced injury. In contrast to other members of the innate immune system, neutrophils are classically considered a homogenous population of terminally differentiated cells with a well-defined and highly conserved function. Indeed, their short lifespan, the absent proliferative capacity, their limited ability to produce large amounts of cytokines, and the failure to recirculate from the tissue to the bloodstream have sustained this idea. However, increasing evidence over the last decade has demonstrated an unexpected phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility of the neutrophil population. Far beyond their antimicrobial functions, neutrophils are emerging as decision-shapers during innate and adaptive immune responses. These emerging discoveries open a new door to understand the role of neutrophils during homeostatic but also pathogenic immune processes. Thus, this review details novel insights of neutrophil phenotypic and functional heterogeneity during homeostasis and disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silvestre-Roig
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany; Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soehnlein
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D059467:Transcriptome; D057705:Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration