title: Transcription Profile in Sporadic Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis Reveals Differential Expression at the Level of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cause of the rare fat distribution disorder multiple symmetric lipomatosis is unknown. Independent reports suggest a higher proliferative activity, hormone resistance, and involvement of mitochondrial function in the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed morphologic comparison of affected and unaffected tissues in five unrelated patients and generated adipose-derived stem cell cultures from the tissue samples and characterized them as a possible cellular model of multiple symmetric lipomatosis evolution. The authors investigated proliferative activity and the expression of genes relevant to disease processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the morphologic appearance and the surface marker profile. Stem cells from lipomatous tissue showed significantly higher proliferative activity. Polymerase chain reaction arrays showed marked changes in genes associated with proliferation, hormonal regulation, and mitochondria. The authors show that multiple symmetric lipomatosis tissue is morphologically and histologically different from regular subcutaneous fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates an involvement of mesenchymal stem cells in the pathogenesis of multiple symmetric lipomatosis and that the evolution of multiple symmetric lipomatosis tissue is a process driven by an inherent defect of the respective cell clone(s). Further molecular genetics and functional analysis will be required to unravel the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the derailment in fat cell metabolism and proliferation. Here, the authors show for the first time that adipose-derived stem cells exhibit many characteristics previously described for native multiple symmetric lipomatosis fat tissue and propose that they are therefore an excellent tool for further functional investigations in multiple symmetric lipomatosis and other disorders of the fat tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk, V.
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prantl
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schreml
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gehmert
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Silvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zeitler
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreml
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Sanga
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gehmert
authors.affiliation: Regensburg and Cologne, Germany; Houston, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wis.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne; the Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Felthaus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008069:Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059467:Transcriptome