title: NEW EVIDENCE FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC VARIATION IN THE COSMOPOLITAN COCCOLITHOPHORE EMILIANIA HUXLEYI (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) FROM THE COX1b-ATP4 GENES(1).
abstract: Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W. W. Hay et H. Mohler is a cosmopolitan coccolithophore occurring from tropical to subpolar waters and exhibiting variations in morphology of coccoliths possibly related to environmental conditions. We examined morphological characters of coccoliths and partial mitochondrial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase 1b (cox1b) through adenosine triphosphate synthase 4 (atp4) genes of 39 clonal E. huxleyi strains from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Mediterranean Sea, and their adjacent seas. Based on the morphological study of culture strains by SEM, Type O, a new morphotype characterized by coccoliths with an open central area, was separated from existing morphotypes A, B, B/C, C, R, and var. corona, characterized by coccoliths with central area elements. Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that E. huxleyi consists of at least two mitochondrial sequence groups with different temperature preferences/tolerances: a cool-water group occurring in subarctic North Atlantic and Pacific and a warm-water group occurring in the subtropical Atlantic and Pacific and in the Mediterranean Sea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagino
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: El Mahdi
authors.initials: el M
authors.lastname: Bendif
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kogame
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Probert
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Colomban
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Vargas
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FrancePalaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDepartment of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanCNRS UMR7144/UPMC, EPPO Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, FranceAdministrative Office, Hokkaido University, N8 W5 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan.
authors.forename: Hisatake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
keywords: Emiliania huxleyi; biogeography; coccolithophore; mitochondrial DNA; morphotype