title: Assessing Cardiac Metabolism: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
abstract: In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart's needs for energy are difficult to overestimate. At a time when the cardiovascular research community is discovering a plethora of new molecular methods to assess cardiac metabolism, the methods remain scattered in the literature. The present statement on "Assessing Cardiac Metabolism" seeks to provide a collective and curated resource on methods and models used to investigate established and emerging aspects of cardiac metabolism. Some of those methods are refinements of classic biochemical tools, whereas most others are recent additions from the powerful tools of molecular biology. The aim of this statement is to be useful to many and to do justice to a dynamic field of great complexity.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taegtmeyer
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lopaschuk
authors.forename: E Dale
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brunengraber
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Darley-Usmar
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Des Rosiers
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerszten
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: Julian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gropler
authors.forename: Hermann-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Holzhuetter
authors.forename: Jorge R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kizer
authors.forename: E Douglas
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: Linda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Portman
authors.forename: Fabio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Recchia
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Van Eyk
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association; D000818:Animals; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States
keywords: AHA Scientific Statements; metabolic pathways; metabolism, cardiac; molecular biology; radionuclide imaging; systems biology