title: Chemical Discrimination of Cortex Phellodendri amurensis and Cortex Phellodendri chinensis by Multivariate Analysis Approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As herbal medicines have an important position in health care systems worldwide, their current assessment, and quality control are a major bottleneck. Cortex Phellodendri chinensis (CPC) and Cortex Phellodendri amurensis (CPA) are widely used in China, however, how to identify species of CPA and CPC has become urgent.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, multivariate analysis approach was performed to the investigation of chemical discrimination of CPA and CPC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis showed that two herbs could be separated clearly. The chemical markers such as berberine, palmatine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, obacunone, and obaculactone were identified through the orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis, and were identified tentatively by the accurate mass of quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 29 components can be used as the chemical markers for discrimination of CPA and CPC. Of them, phellodenrine is significantly higher in CPC than that of CPA, whereas obacunone and obaculactone are significantly higher in CPA than that of CPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study proves that multivariate analysis approach based chemical analysis greatly contributes to the investigation of CPA and CPC, and showed that the identified chemical markers as a whole should be used to discriminate the two herbal medicines, and simultaneously the results also provided chemical information for their quality assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multivariate analysis approach was performed to the investigate the herbal medicineThe chemical markers were identified through multivariate analysis approachA total of 29 components can be used as the chemical markers. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based multivariate analysis method for the herbal medicine samples Abbreviations used: CPC: Cortex Phellodendri chinensis, CPA: Cortex Phellodendri amurensis, PCA: Principal component analysis, OPLS-DA: Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, BPI: Base peaks ion intensity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Huiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Guangli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xiuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xiangcai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xijun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Constituents; Cortex Phellodendri amurensis; Cortex Phellodendri chinensis; herbal medicine; multivariate analysis approach