title: Native-Language Phonological Interference in Early Hakka-Mandarin Bilinguals' Visual Recognition of Chinese Two-Character Compounds: Evidence from the Semantic-Relatedness Decision Task.
abstract: Previous research has indicated that, in viewing a visual word, the activated phonological representation in turn activates its homophone, causing semantic interference. Using this mechanism of phonological mediation, this study investigated native-language phonological interference in visual recognition of Chinese two-character compounds by early Hakka-Mandarin bilinguals. A visual semantic-relatedness decision task in Chinese was given to native Mandarin speakers and early Hakka-Mandarin bilinguals. Both participant groups made more false positive errors and responded more slowly to the pair of two-character compounds containing a homophone; but only Hakka-Mandarin bilinguals made more false positive errors and responded more slowly to the pair containing a near-homophone. We concluded that phonology is needed in both native and nonnative speakers' meaning access of Chinese two-character compounds and that native-language phonological interference is universal in L2 visual word recognition, not language type dependent; phonological and orthographic information are "interactive-compensatory" in helping Hakka readers' resolve the interference.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China. Shiyuw@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D006801:Humans; D019303:Multilingualism; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010700:Phonetics; D011932:Reading; D012660:Semantics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chinese two-character compounds; Hakka Chinese; L2 lexical representations; Phonology; Visual word recognition