title: Comparative study evaluating efficacy of sufentanil versus midazolam in preventing myoclonic movements following etomidate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myoclonus is a major side-effect following etomidate injection requiring use of medical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blinded clinical trial, 50 consecutive patients, randomly received sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg or midazolam 0.015 mg/kg, 90 s before induction of anesthesia with etomidate (0.3 mg/kg). Then, the patients were monitored for any myoclonic movements during anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of myoclonus was 28% in the sufentanil group and 84% in the midazolam group. The frequency and intensity of myoclonus were significantly higher in the midazolam group, compared to the sufentanil group (P < 0.001). Myoclonus duration in the sufentanil and midazolam groups were 5.8 ± 13.2 and 69 ± 47.8 s, respectively (P < 0.0010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency, intensity and duration of myoclonus in the midazolam group, were significantly more prevalent than the sufentanil group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh Mokhtari
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Azad
keywords: Etomidate; midazolam; myoclonus; sufentanil