title: High-fat enteral nutrition controls intestinal inflammation and improves intestinal motility after peritoneal air exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal air exposure is a common phenomenon in abdominal surgery, but long-term exposure could induce intestinal inflammatory responses, resulting in delayed recovery of gastrointestinal motility after surgery. High-fat enteral nutrition has been reported to ameliorate inflammation in many diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether high-fat enteral nutrition could control intestinal inflammation and improve intestinal motility after peritoneal air exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male adult rats were administrated saline, low-fat enteral nutrition, or high-fat enteral nutrition via gavage before and after peritoneal air exposure for 3 h. Control rats underwent anesthesia without laparotomy and received saline. Intestinal motility was assessed 24 h after surgery by charcoal transport assay; systemic inflammation was assessed by analyzing serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10; and intestinal inflammation was assessed by analyzing myeloperoxidase activity and concentrations and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the intestinal tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peritoneal air exposure decreased intestinal motility significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The systemic and intestinal inflammatory parameters were also much higher in the peritoneal air exposure groups than in the control group. Both low-fat and high-fat enteral nutrition increased intestinal motility and reduced systemic and intestinal inflammatory parameter levels to different degrees. However, high-fat enteral nutrition significantly improved the negative alterations in these biochemical parameters compared with low-fat enteral nutrition (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that high-fat enteral nutrition might be able to control intestinal inflammation and improve intestinal motility after peritoneal air exposure. Thus, the perioperative administration of high-fat enteral nutrition may be a promising treatment to enhance the recovery of intestinal motility after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wuguohaozs@163.com.
authors.forename: Guo-Hao
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: kuiwenyu@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen-Kui
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jie-Shou
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: liningnju@163.com.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D004751:Enteritis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: Animal experiment; High-fat enteral nutrition; Intestinal inflammation; Intestinal motility; Open abdominal surgery; Peritoneal air exposure