title: State-of-the-art Imaging of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
abstract: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare tumors that present many imaging challenges, from detecting small functional tumors to fully staging large nonfunctioning tumors, including identifying all sites of metastatic disease, particularly nodal and hepatic, and depicting vascular involvement. The correct choice of imaging modality requires knowledge of the tumor type (eg, gastrinoma versus insulinoma), and also the histology (well vs poorly differentiated). Evolving techniques in computed tomography (CT), MRI, endoscopic ultrasonography, and nuclear medicine, such as dual-energy CT, diffusion-weighted MRI, liver-specific magnetic resonance contrast agents, and new nuclear medicine agents, offer new ways to visualize, and ultimately manage, these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1473, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA. Electronic address: etamm@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1473, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhosale
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower (FCT13.6028), 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1466, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower (FCT16.6012), 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1483, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rohren
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Computed tomography; Dual energy; Endoscopic ultrasonography; Imaging; MRI; Octreotide; PET/CT; Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor