title: Urinary proteomics and metabolomics studies to monitor bladder health and urological diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assays of molecular biomarkers in urine are non-invasive compared to other body fluids and can be easily repeated. Based on the hypothesis that the secreted markers from the diseased organs may locally release into the body fluid in the vicinity of the injury, urine-based assays have been considered beneficial to monitoring bladder health and urological diseases. The urine proteome is much less complex than the serum and tissues, but nevertheless can contain biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The urine metabolome has a much higher number and concentration of low-molecular metabolites than the serum or tissues, with a far lower lipid concentration, yet informs directly about dietary and microbial metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We here discuss the use of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics for urine biomarker assays, specifically with respect to the underlying mechanisms that trigger the pathological condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular biomarker profiles, based on proteomics and metabolomics studies, reliably distinguish patients from healthy controls, stratify sub-populations with respect to treatment options, and predict therapeutic response of patients with urological disease.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. Jayoung.Kim@cshs.org.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. Jayoung.Kim@cshs.org.|Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Jayoung.Kim@cshs.org.
authors.forename: Jayoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Bladder diseases; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Urinary biomarkers