title: Functional, bioactive and antigenicity properties of blue whiting protein hydrolysates: effect of enzymatic treatment and degree of hydrolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fish discards represent an important under-utilisation of marine resources. This study evaluated the up-grading of the protein fraction of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) discards by the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) exhibiting functional, antioxidant, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory and antigenicity properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FPHs with low DH (4%) showed better emulsifying, foaming and oil binding capacities, particularly those obtained using only trypsin. FPHs with DH 4% exhibited also the stronger antioxidant activity, especially the one obtained using only subtilisin (IC50= 1.36 mg protein mL-1). The presence of hydrophobic residues at the C-terminal of the FPH produced using subtilisin also led to the stronger ACE-inhibitory activity. However, FPHs with high DH (12%), which implies a higher proportion of short peptides, was required to enhance ACE-inhibition (IC50= 172 µg protein mL-1). The antigenic levels of the FPH were also reduced with DH independently of the enzymatic treatment. Nevertheless, the highest degradation of fish allergens (e.g. parvalbumin) was also obtained when using only subtilisin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that added-value products for food applications can be produced from the protein fraction of discards. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: García-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gálvez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Espejo-Carpio
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Quesada
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Pérez-Morilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martínez-Agustín
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guadix
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilia M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Guadix
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019649:Food Industry; D048388:Gadiformes; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017747:Seafood
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000941:Antigens; D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates
keywords: ACE-inhibitory activity; antigenicity; antioxidant activity; discards; fish protein hydrolysates; functional properties