title: Assessing the effectiveness of Byssochlamys nivea and Scopulariopsis brumptii in pentachlorophenol removal and biological control of two Phytophthora species.
abstract: Bioremediation and biological-control by fungi have made tremendous strides in numerous biotechnology applications. The aim of this study was to test Byssochlamys nivea and Scopulariopsis brumptii in sensitivity and degradation to pentachlorophenol (PCP) and in biological-control of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora cambivora. B. nivea and S. brumptii were tested in PCP sensitivity and degradation in microbiological media while the experiments of biological-control were carried out in microbiological media and soil. The fungal strains showed low PCP sensitivity at 12.5 and 25 mg PCP L(-1) although the hyphal size, fungal mat, patulin, and spore production decreased with increasing PCP concentrations. B. nivea and S. brumptii depleted completely 12.5 and 25 mg PCP L(-1) in liquid culture after 28 d of incubation at 28 °C. Electrolyte leakage assays showed that both fungi have low sensitivity to 25 mg PCP L(-1) and produced no toxic compounds for the plant. B. nivea and S. brumptii were able to inhibit the growth of the two plant pathogens in laboratory studies and reduce the mortality of chestnut plants caused by two Phytophthorae in greenhouse experiments. The two fungal strains did not produce volatile organic compounds able to reduce the growth of two plant pathogens tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, via Università n. 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy. Electronic address: luciano.bosso@unina.it.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bosso
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, via Università n. 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scelza
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, via Università n. 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varlese
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meca
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, via Università n. 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, via Università n. 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, via Università n. 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cristinzio
mesh_terms: D055323:Byssochlamys / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D029962:Fagaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000378:metabolism*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000254:growth & development*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D060645:Scopulariopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010416:Pentachlorophenol
keywords: Bioremediation; Electrolyte Leakage Assay; Fungi; Oomycetes; Patulin; Plant pathogens