title: Margin evaluation of translational and rotational set-up errors in intensity modulated radiotherapy for cervical cancer.
abstract: A clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margin recipes was routinely used to ensure dose was actually delivered to target for all (most) patients. Currently used margin recipes were associated with only translational set-up errors in radiotherapy. However, when set-up errors extended to six-degree (6D) scope (three translational and three rotational set-up errors), margin recipe should be re-evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate dosimetric changes of targets (both CTV and PTV) coverage when 6D set-up errors were introduced and testify the practicability of currently used margin recipe in radiotherapy. A total number of 105 cone beam computer tomography scans for ten patients with cervical cancer were derived prior to treatment delivery and 6D set-up errors were acquired with image registration tools. Target coverage was evaluated retrospectively for 6D set-up errors introduced plan with 6 mm CTV to PTV margin. Target coverage of PTV showed significant decreases (3.3 %) in set-up errors introduced plans compared with original plans. But CTV coverage was not susceptible to these set-up errors. A tendency of coverage decrease for PTV along with distance away from treatment was testified, from -0.2 to -6.2 %. However, CTV seems changed less, from -0.2 to -0.8 %. The result indicate that a CTV to PTV margin of 6 mm was sufficient to take into account 6D set-up errors for most patients with cervical cancer. Future research suggests a smaller margin to further improve both tumor coverage and organs at risk sparing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022 China ; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022 China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022 China ; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022 China.
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022 China ; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022 China.
authors.forename: Ji-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022 China ; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022 China.
authors.forename: Bin-Bing
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Cervical cancer; Image-guided radiotherapy; Intensity modulated radiotherapy; Rotational set-up errors