title: Levels of anti-fructose-modified HSA antibodies correlate with disease status in diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the changes induced in HSA upon fructose-modification and to use the modified protein as an antigen for studying the presence of antibodies in diabetic patients. Further, magnitude of oxidative stress was also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  HSA was modified with fructose, changes induced were studied by DSC measurements and near-UV CD. The binding characteristics of antibodies in the sera of diabetes patients to native and modified-HSA was assessed by ELISA and band shift assay. The oxidative stress in these patients was studied by carbonyl content estimation, FRAP assay and TBARS determination
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSC revealed that fructose modified-HSA was more thermostable than its native form. Changes in tertiary structure of fructose-modified HSA were seen in near-UV CD. Patient studies showed that fructose-modified HSA acts as a potent immunogen compared to its native form and the levels of antibodies against fructose-modified HSA served as a parameter for tracking the glycemic control and oxidative stress parameters (carbonyl content, FRAP value and MDA level) in diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fructose-modification of HSA causes perturbations in its structure and function, thereby, making the protein antigenic besides decreasing its antioxidant capacity. This study suggests that fructose-modified-HSA is an important contributor in diabetic pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Shaziya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allarakha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Shoaib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zaheer
authors.affiliation: Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Sheelu Shafiq
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.lastname: Moinuddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India. Electronic address: asifali_amu@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000276:immunology; D055550:Protein Stability; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007106:Immune Sera; D012709:Serum Albumin; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005632:Fructose
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Fructose; Hyperglycemia