title: A Study of the Infant Nasal Microbiome Development over the First Year of Life and in Relation to Their Primary Adult Caregivers Using cpn60 Universal Target (UT) as a Phylogenetic Marker.
abstract: Whereas the infant gut microbiome is the subject of intense study, relatively little is known regarding the nares microbiome in newborns and during early life. This study aimed to survey the typical composition and diversity of human anterior nare microflora for developing infants over time, and to explore how these correlate to their primary caregivers. Single nare swabs were collected at five time points over a one-year period for each subject from infant-caregiver pairs. Our study comprised of 50 infants (recruited at 2 weeks, post delivery) and their 50 primary caregivers. Applying the chaperonin-60 (cpn60) universal target (UT) amplicon as our molecular barcoding marker to census survey the microbial communities, we longitudinally surveyed infant nares microbiota at 5 time points over the course of the first year of life. The inter- and intra-subject diversity was catalogued and compared, both longitudinally and relative to their adult primary caregivers. Although within-subject variability over time and inter-subject variability were both observed, the assessment detected only one or two predominant genera for individual infant samples, belonging mainly to phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Consistent with previously observed microbial population dynamics in other body sites, the diversity of nares microflora increased over the first year of life and infants showed differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) relative to their matched primary caregiver. The collected evidence also support that both temporal and seasonal changes occur with respect to carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPBs), which may influence host predisposition to infection. This pilot study surveying paired infant/caregiver nare microbiomes provides novel longitudinal diversity information that is pertinent to better understanding nare microbiome development in infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Shelley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Science Technology Cores & Services Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Natalie C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Bacteriology Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.affiliation: Science Technology Cores & Services Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Shaun D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.affiliation: Science Technology Cores & Services Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mabon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Embree
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Pediatric Urgent Care, Manitoba Clinic, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanella
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Science Technology Cores & Services Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Domselaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Bacteriology Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mulvey
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|Science Technology Cores & Services Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Morag R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044822:Biodiversity; D017028:Caregivers; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018834:Chaperonin 60; D005819:Genetic Markers