title: Intergenerational transmission of historical memories and social-distance attitudes in post-war second-generation Croatians.
abstract: Intergenerational transmission of memory is a process by which biographical knowledge contributes to the construction of collective memory (representation of a shared past). We investigated the intergenerational transmission of war-related memories and social-distance attitudes in second-generation post-war Croatians. We compared 2 groups of young adults from (1) Eastern Croatia (extensively affected by the war) and (2) Western Croatia (affected relatively less by the war). Participants were asked to (a) recall the 10 most important events that occurred in one of their parents' lives, (b) estimate the calendar years of each, and (c) provide scale ratings on them. Additionally, (d) all participants completed a modified Bogardus Social Distance scale, as well as an (e) War Events Checklist for their parents' lives. There were several findings. First, approximately two-thirds of Eastern Croatians and one-half of Western Croatians reported war-related events from their parents' lives. Second, war-related memories impacted the second-generation's identity to a greater extent than did non-war-related memories; this effect was significantly greater in Eastern Croatians than in Western Croatians. Third, war-related events displayed markedly different mnemonic characteristics than non-war-related events. Fourth, the temporal distribution of events surrounding the war produced an upheaval bump, suggesting major transitions (e.g., war) contribute to the way collective memory is formed. And, finally, outright social ostracism and aggression toward out-groups were rarely expressed, independent of region. Nonetheless, social-distance scores were notably higher in Eastern Croatia than in Western Croatia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. consvob@nyspi.columbia.edu.|1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 24; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. consvob@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svob
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Norman R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Takšić
authors.affiliation: University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katulić
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Valnea
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Žauhar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children; D001290:Attitude; D017523:Croatia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D010290:Parents; D012929:Psychological Distance; D047789:World War II; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autobiographical memory; Collective memory; Croatian War; Intergenerational transmission; Transition theory; Xenophobia