title: Kinetic study on microwave-assisted esterification of free fatty acids derived from Ceiba pentandra Seed Oil.
abstract: Recently, a great attention has been paid to advanced microwave technology that can be used to markedly enhance the biodiesel production process. Ceiba pentandra Seed Oil containing high free fatty acids (FFA) was utilized as a non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production. Microwave-assisted esterification pretreatment was conducted to reduce the FFA content for promoting a high-quality product in the next step. At optimum condition, the conversion was achieved 94.43% using 2wt% of sulfuric acid as catalyst where as 20.83% conversion was attained without catalyst. The kinetics of this esterification reaction was also studied to determine the influence of factors on the rate of reaction and reaction mechanisms. The results indicated that microwave-assisted esterification was of endothermic second-order reaction with the activation energy of 53.717kJ/mol.
authors.affiliation: Biomass Processing Lab, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Thanh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.affiliation: Biomass Processing Lab, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. Electronic address: drsuzana_yusuf@petronas.com.my.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusup
authors.affiliation: Biomass Processing Lab, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moniruzzaman
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D035164:Ceiba / Q000737:chemistry*; D004951:Esterification; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008872:Microwaves; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Biodiesel pretreatment; Free fatty acids; Kinetic; Microwave; Second-order reaction