title: Efficacy of Cinnamaldehyde Against Enteric Viruses and Its Activity After Incorporation Into Biodegradable Multilayer Systems of Interest in Food Packaging.
abstract: Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA), an organic compound that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor, was investigated for its virucidal activity on norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Initially, different concentrations of CNMA (0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log10 TCID50/ml and incubated 2 h at 4 and 37 °C. CNMA was effective in reducing the titers of norovirus surrogates in a dose-dependent manner after 2 h at 37 °C, while HAV titers were reduced by 1 log10 after treatment with 1 % of CNMA. When incubation time was extended, HAV titers were reduced by 3.4 and 2.7 log10 after overnight incubation at 37 °C with 1 and 0.5 % of CNMA, respectively. Moreover, this paper analyzed, for the first time, the antiviral activity of adding an active electrospun interlayer based on zein and CNMA to a polyhydroxybutyrate packaging material (PHB) in a multilayer form. Biodegradable multilayer systems prepared with 2.60 mg/cm(2) (~9.7 %) of CNMA completely inactivated FCV according to ISO 22196:2011, while MNV titers were reduced by 2.75 log10. When the developed multilayer films were evaluated after one month of preparation or at 25 °C, the antiviral activity was reduced as compared to freshly prepared multilayer films evaluated at 37 °C. The results show the excellent potential of this system for food contact applications as well as for active packaging technologies in order to maintain or extend food quality and safety.
authors.affiliation: Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fabra
authors.affiliation: Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Castro-Mayorga
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Randazzo
authors.affiliation: Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lagarón
authors.affiliation: Food Preservation and Food Quality Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avda, Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.|Microbiology and Ecology Department, University of Valencia, Avda. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aznar
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain. gloriasanchez@iata.csic.es.|Microbiology and Ecology Department, University of Valencia, Avda. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. gloriasanchez@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002415:Cats; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010209:Paper; D000091402:Prohibitins; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; C000717328:PHB protein, human; D000091402:Prohibitins; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde
keywords: Active packaging; Cinnamaldehyde; Enteric viruses; Multilayer structures