title: Predicting the Cytotoxic Potency of Cigarette Smoke by Assessing the Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitory Capacity of Cigarette Smoke Extract.
abstract: The present study investigated the influence of the cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. TrxR is a selenoenzyme with a selenocysteine (Sec) residue exposed on the enzyme's surface. This unique Sec residue is particularly susceptible to modification by numerous types of electrophiles, leading to inactivation of TrxR and consequent cytotoxicity. Cigarette smoke contains various electrophiles, and the present study showed that CSE could inhibit intracellular TrxR through causing crosslinking and alkylation of TrxR1. TrxR inhibitory capacities of various CSEs were evaluated by using mouse-liver homogenate. Among the CSEs prepared from 18 commercial cigarette brands, TrxR inhibitory capacities of the maximum and the minimum had a 2.5-fold difference. Importantly, CSE's inhibitory capacity greatly paralleled its cytotoxic potency in all cell lines used. Compared to cytotoxic assays, which have been widely used for evaluating cigarette toxicity but are not suitable for simultaneously examining a large number of cigarette samples, the present method was simple and rapid with a high-throughput feature and thus could be used as an auxiliary means to predict the cytotoxicity of a large number of cigarette samples, making it possible to extensively screen numerous agricultural and industrial measures that potentially affect cigarette safety.
authors.affiliation: Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China. chinaren602@126.com.|State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea &amp; Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. chinaren602@126.com.
authors.forename: Longjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China. ningminah@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China. xuybah@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yingbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China. wch7664@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Chenghui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea &amp; Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. guangshan.Zhao@ahau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea &amp; Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. qingqing@ahau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea &amp; Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. zjs@ahau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D012906:Smoke; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase
keywords: cigarette smoke; cytotoxicity; high throughput; thioredoxin reductase