title: Serological Evidence of Infection with Endemic Human Pathogens Among Free-Ranging Old World Monkeys in Puerto Rico.
abstract: Serum specimens from free-ranging but nonnative patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in southwestern Puerto Rico (PR) were tested for antibodies to infection with dengue viruses (DENVs), West Nile virus (WNV), Leptospira species, and Burkholderia pseudomallei by microneutralization, plaque reduction neutralization, microscopic agglutination, and indirect hemagglutination, respectively. Of 23 animals (21 E. patas and two M. mulatta) tested, all had evidence of prior DENV infection, and of 17 animals tested for WNV, nine (53%) had evidence of prior infection. Of 24 (22 E. patas, two M. mulatta) tested for Leptospira spp., 10 (42%) had evidence of prior exposure, and one patas monkey had antibodies against B. pseudomallei The acquisition of pathogens endemic among humans in PR by resident nonhuman primates merits further study to define modes of acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Fish and Wildlife Bureau, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Epidemiology and Research Office, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Zoonoses and Select Agent Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia rhemme@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Ryan R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hemme
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Fish and Wildlife Bureau, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Epidemiology and Research Office, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Zoonoses and Select Agent Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Fish and Wildlife Bureau, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Epidemiology and Research Office, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Zoonoses and Select Agent Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Brenda Rivera
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Fish and Wildlife Bureau, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Epidemiology and Research Office, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Zoonoses and Select Agent Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Tyler M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Fish and Wildlife Bureau, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Epidemiology and Research Office, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Zoonoses and Select Agent Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Renee L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Fish and Wildlife Bureau, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Epidemiology and Research Office, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Zoonoses and Select Agent Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mindy G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Elrod
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Fish and Wildlife Bureau, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Epidemiology and Research Office, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Zoonoses and Select Agent Laboratory, Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hunsperger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002520:Cercopithecidae; D006801:Humans; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012698:Serologic Tests; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology