title: Glaucoma Surgery Outcome in Rwanda.
abstract: To assess long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) outcome after adult trabeculectomy surgery in Central Africa.
  
  
  
  All adult glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy surgery in the Kabgayi Eye Unit, Rwanda between August 2003 and March 2008 were invited for a follow-up visit. Surgical and clinical data were collected from medical records. At the study visit, best-corrected visual acuity was measured and Goldmann applanation tonometry and biomicroscopy were done. Good IOP outcome was defined as both an IOP<21 mm Hg and achieving ≥30% reduction from the preoperative IOP. Considering first operated eyes, univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for failure.
  
  
  
  Of 163 individuals operated 3 had died, 118 (74%) participated. Preoperatively, the mean IOP was 31 mm Hg (SD=11; range, 12 to 60). At the time of the follow-up study visit the mean postoperative IOP was 13 mm Hg (SD=5; range, 4 to 35). Good IOP outcome was achieved in 132 eyes (84%). Univariate analysis suggested a protective effect against failure of use of antimetabolites [odds ratio (OR)=0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-1.11; P=0.07] and a decrease in success with length of follow-up (OR=3.57; 95% CI, 1.09-12.50; P=0.03). The latter remained borderline significant with multivariate analysis. Seven eyes went from previously better vision (at least hand movements) down to perception of light or no perception of light after trabeculectomy. Particularly a flat anterior chamber in the first postoperative week (OR=0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.49; P<0.001) and late hypotony (OR=0.04; 95% CI, 0.002-0.99; P=0.004) were significant risk factors for severe visual loss.
  
  
  
  Trabeculectomy with antimetabolites is one of the best available options for glaucoma management in Africa. However, the IOP control reduced at a follow-up duration beyond 2 years, highlighting the importance of regular long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Kabgayi, Gitarama, Rwanda †London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine §Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London ∥Glaucoma Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK ‡Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: De Smedt
authors.forename: Yannick S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Fonteyne
authors.forename: Felicienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muragijimana
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Murdoch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012432:Rwanda; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult