title: Interleukin-4 Ameliorates the Functional Recovery of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through the Alternative Activation of Microglia/Macrophage.
abstract: Neuro-inflammation plays an important role in the recovery of brain injury after stroke. Microglia/macrophage is the major executor in the neuro-inflammation, which can be polarized into two distinct phenotypes: injurious/toxic classical activation (M1 phenotype) and protective alternative activation (M2 phenotype). Here, we investigated whether intracerebral administration of interleukin-4 (IL-4) at an early stage could affect the activation of microglia/macrophage and the corresponding outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The neuro-behavior was recorded between different groups in the rat ICH model. The M1 and M2 markers were then determined by qRT-PCR, western blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence, respectively. We observed aberrant activation of microglia/macrophage after ICH. After intracerebral injection of IL-4, M1 activation was greatly inhibited while M2 activation was enhanced, along with improving neurobehavioral recovery from deficits after ICH. Our study showed that early intracerebral injection of IL-4 potentially promotes neuro-functional recovery, probably through enhancing the alternative activation of microglia/macrophage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jianjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Saidan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weilong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiangnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shengwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qichuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhuge
keywords: M1 phenotype; M2 phenotype; interleukin-4(IL-4); intracerebral hemorrhage; microglia/macrophage; recovery; stroke