title: Novel versatile smart phone based Microplate readers for on-site diagnoses.
abstract: Microplate readers are important diagnostic instruments, used intensively for various readout test kits (biochemical analysis kits and ELISA kits). However, due to their expensive and non-portability, commercial microplate readers are unavailable for home testing, community and rural hospitals, especially in developing countries. In this study, to provide a field-portable, cost-effective and versatile diagnostic tool, we reported a novel smart phone based microplate reader. The basic principle of this devise relies on a smart phone's optical sensor that measures transmitted light intensities of liquid samples. To prove the validity of these devises, developed smart phone based microplate readers were applied to readout results of various analytical targets. These targets included analanine aminotransferase (ALT; limit of detection (LOD) was 17.54 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (AKP; LOD was 15.56 U/L), creatinine (LOD was 1.35μM), bovine serum albumin (BSA; LOD was 0.0041mg/mL), prostate specific antigen (PSA; LOD was 0.76pg/mL), and ractopamine (Rac; LOD was 0.31ng/mL). The developed smart phone based microplate readers are versatile, portable, and inexpensive; they are unique because of their ability to perform under circumstances where resources and expertize are limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiangqiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Cuize
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Shiting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. Electronic address: tyjaq7926@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000032:analysis; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000032:analysis; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002417:Cattle; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000032:analysis; D010783:Photometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000032:analysis; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D010627:Phenethylamines; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C060897:ractopamine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D003401:Creatine
keywords: Biochemical analysis kits; ELISA kits; Microplate reader; Optical sensor; Smart phone