title: Measured Pulmonary and Systemic Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Following Wildland Firefighter Simulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A controlled human exposure study was conducted to investigate the impact of inhalational exposures to wood smoke PM2.5 on measured concentrations of airway and systemic inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mimicking wildland firefighter activities, 10 participants were exposed to three doses of wood smoke PM2.5 (filtered-air, 250 μg/m, and 500 μg/m) while exercising on a treadmill. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and blood plasma samples were obtained pre-, immediately post-, and 1-hour postexposure. 8-isoprostane, pH, and myeloperoxidase were measured in EBC, while H2O2, surfactant protein D, and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) were measured in both EBC and plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only pH, 8-isoprostane, and PTX3 displayed significant changes when comparing pre- and postexposures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including PTX3, pH, and 8-isoprostane in EBC and/or plasma, are sensitive to wood smoke inhalation, with further investigations warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of Montana, Center for Environmental Health Sciences (Dr Ferguson); University of Montana, School of Public and Community Health Sciences (Drs Semmens, Ward); University of Montana, Department of Health and Human Performance (Dr Dumke), Missoula; Auburn University, Department of Kinesiology (Dr Quindry), Alabama.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Erin O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Semmens
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumke
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Quindry
authors.forename: Tony J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001944:Breath Tests; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D061388:Firefighters; D005390:Fires; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000032:analysis; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000032:analysis; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014934:Wood; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015237:Dinoprost; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D052638:Particulate Matter; D009195:Peroxidase; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D012906:Smoke; D000099153:Pentraxins; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha