title: The Beneficial Effect of Hypnosis in Elective Cardiac Surgery: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: BackgroundSingle-session hypnosis has never been evaluated as a premedication technique in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of clinical hypnotherapy on perioperative anxiety, pain perception, sedation, and necessity for ventilator assistance in patients undergoing CABG.MethodsDouble-blind, randomized, clinical trial was performed. Forty-four patients undergoing CABG surgery were randomized into two groups. The patients in group A received preprocedural hypnosis by an anesthesiologist. Patients in group B (control) had only information on the surgical intervention by the same anesthesiologist. State-Trait-Anxiety Index-I (STAI-I) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were performed preoperatively in both groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) were evaluated on 0th, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, and 24th hours, postoperatively. Postoperative anxiety level, analgesic drug consumption, and duration of ventilator assistance and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were also documented.ResultsWhen anxiety and depression levels were compared, significantly lower STA-I and BDI values were detected in group A after hypnotherapy (p= 0.001,p= 0.001, respectively). Significantly less total doses of remifentanil (34.4 ± 11.4 vs. 50.0 ± 13.6 mg) and morphine (4.9 ± 3.3 vs. 13.6 ± 2.7 mg) were administered in group A in the postoperative period. Ventilator assistance duration (6.8 ± 2.0 vs. 8.9 ± 2.7 hours) was also shorter in group A when compared with that in group B (p= 0.007).ConclusionHypnosis session prior to surgery was an effective complementary method in decreasing presurgical anxiety, and it resulted in better pain control as well as reduced ventilator assistance following CABG surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akgul
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Beyhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Çırak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hergünsel
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bedirhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D003243:Consciousness; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid