title: Inactivation of invasive marine species in the process of conveying ballast water using OH based on a strong ionization discharge.
abstract: In this paper, invasive marine species in medium-salinity ballast water were inactivated using OH generated from a strong ionization discharge. The OH is determined by the concentration of oxygen active species combined with the effects of water jet cavitation. The results indicated that the OH concentration reached 7.62 μM, within 1 s, which is faster and higher than in conventional AOP methods. In a pilot-scale OH ballast water system with a capacity of 10 m(3)/h, algae were inactivated when CT value was 0.1 mg min/L with a contact time only 6 s. The viable and nonviable cells were determined using SYTOX Green nucleic acid stain and Flow cytometry. As a result, the OH treatment could be completed during the process of conveying the ballast water. In addition, the concentrations of relevant disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and bromate, were less than that required by the World Health Organization's drinking water standards, which suggest that the discharged ballast water posed no risks to the oceanic environment. Nevertheless, for conventional ozonation and electrolysis methods, the ballast water should be treated only in the treated tanks during the ship's voyage and form higher level DBPs.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China. Electronic address: mindong-bai@163.com.
authors.forename: Mindong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Qilin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China. Electronic address: newzhangzhitao@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhitao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China.
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China.
authors.forename: Xiangying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004203:Disinfection; D058865:Introduced Species; D012767:Ships; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014867:Water; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014867:Water
keywords: A strong ionization discharge; Hydroxyl radical (OH); Inactivation; Invasive organisms; Oxidation by-products