title: Prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum from poultry in some parts of Haryana, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was investigated to ascertain the epidemiological status of fowl typhoid (FT) in broilers in some parts of Haryana during January 2011 to December 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the epidemiological status of FT in broiler chickens for the 3 years (2011-2013) and to study the prevalence of various Salmonella serovars in poultry on the basis of culture characteristics, biochemical features, serotyping, and their antibiogram profile from some parts of Haryana (India).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 309 outbreaks of FT were recorded in chickens during this period. Overall percent morbidity, mortality, case-fatality rate (CFR) in broiler chicks due to FT during this period was 9.45, 6.77, and 71.55. The yearly observations were divided into quarters A (January-March), B (April-June), C (July-September) and D (October-December). Maximum number of outbreaks - 106 (34.3%) was recorded in quarter D followed by quarters B - 84 (27.3%), C - 64 (20.7%), and A - 55 (17.7%). Salmonella isolates (253) were recovered from disease outbreaks in broilers from different parts of Haryana. Typical morphology and colony characters on MacConkeys Lactose Agar and Brilliant Green agar, biochemical reactions, serotyping along with antibiogram profiles were able to group these isolates into 3 groups namely Salmonella Gallinarum (183), Salmonella Enteritidis (41) and Salmonella Typhimurium (29). The antibiogram pattern of 183 isolates of S. Gallinarum revealed that most of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin (76%) followed by amikacin (72%), kanamycin (71%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FT is prevalent in commercial broiler flocks in different parts of Haryana and is responsible for considerably high morbidity and mortality in affected flocks. Isolation of S. Gallinarum (9, 12:183) from FT cases suggest it to be the primary pathogen, however, isolation of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from these cases is a major concern. The detection of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium from FT cases assumes significance from public health point of view.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar- 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Devan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar- 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar- 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar- 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Gulshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Disease Free Small Animal House, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana- 125004, India.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar- 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mahajan
keywords: antibiogram; salmonella gallinarum; serotyping