title: Simultaneous GC-MS determination of seven phthalates in total and migrated portions of paper cups.
abstract: Phthalate acid esters are widely used as plasticizers to impart plastic flexibility in various industrial applications. In this study, the content of seven phthalates, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), and di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) were determined in paper cups using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the potential migration of these seven phthalates from paper cups into various food stimulants under different conditions was evaluated. The levels of DBP, DEHA, DEHP, and DNOP were in the ranges of 0.07-3.14, 0.16-42.69, 0.45-58.56, and 0.3-2.4 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, BBP, DINP, and DIDP were not detected in most of the tested samples. In the migration test, DEHA was released to 50 % ethanol and n-heptane in a time-dependent manner and the maximum migration levels were 65.62 ± 3.61 and 95.56 ± 19.76 μg/L, respectively. The release of other phthalates was very low or negligible. These results demonstrated that paper cups are not a significant source of phthalate exposure; however, DEHA could be released from paper cups into alcoholic beverages or oily liquid beverages in the human diet.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shaheed Ur
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Chan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, Republic of Korea. yoohh@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hye Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000272:Adipates; D001628:Beverages; D003297:Cooking and Eating Utensils; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006536:Heptanes; D006801:Humans; D010209:Paper; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000272:Adipates; D006536:Heptanes; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; C028618:n-heptane; C029900:adipic acid; C010715:di-n-octyl phthalate; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; C027561:butylbenzyl phthalate
keywords: GC-MS; Migration; Paper cup; Phthalates