title: A higher aspect ratio enhanced bioaccumulation and altered immune responses due to intravenously-injected aluminum oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NP) have been widely utilized in a variety of areas, including in the optical, biomedical and electronic fields and in the overall development of nanotechnologies. However, their toxicological profiles are still not fully developed. This study compared the distribution and immunotoxicity of two rod-types of AlO NP. As reported previously, the two types of AlO NP had different aspect ratios (long-type: 6.2 ± 0.6, short-type: 2.1 ± 0.4), but the size and surface charge were very similar. On Day 14 after a single intravenous (IV) injection (1.25 or 5 mg/kg), both AlO NP accumulated primarily in the liver and spleen and altered the levels of redox response-related elements. The accumulated level was higher in mice exposed to the long-type AlO NP compared to the short-type. Additionally, it was noted that the levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and MCP-1 were enhanced in the blood of mice exposed to both types of AlO NP and the percentages of neutrophils and monocytes among all white blood cells were increased only in mice injected with the long-type AlO NP (5 mg/kg). In addition, as compared to the control, co-expression of CD80 and CD86 (necessary for antigen presentation) on splenocytes together with a decreased expression of chemotaxis-related marker (CD195) was attenuated by exposure to the AlO NP, especially the long-type. Taken together, the data suggest that accumulation following a single IV injection with rod-types of AlO NP is strengthened by a high aspect ratio and, subsequently, this accumulation has the potential to influence immune functions in an exposed host.
authors.affiliation: a Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University , Daejeon , Korea ;
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: b Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Daejeon , Korea ;
authors.forename: Soo Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Daejeon , Korea ;
authors.forename: Min-Sung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: b Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Daejeon , Korea ;
authors.forename: Byoung-Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: c Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul , Korea ;
authors.forename: Cheolho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: d Department of Chemical Engineering , Kwangwoon University , Seoul , Korea ;
authors.forename: Uiseok
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: d Department of Chemical Engineering , Kwangwoon University , Seoul , Korea ;
authors.forename: Younghun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: e School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University , Seoul , Korea ;
authors.forename: Gwang-Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: e School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University , Seoul , Korea ;
authors.forename: Dong-Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: f Department of Community Health and Epidemiology , Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada.
authors.forename: Jong Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D055096:Optical Devices; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
keywords: Aluminum oxide nanoparticles; aspect ratio; distribution; immunotoxicity; liver; spleen