title: Laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy in dogs: 18 cases (2012-2014).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the operative technique and perioperative outcome for laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy (LAS) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 client-owned dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of dogs with naturally occurring disease of the spleen treated by means of LAS between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed. History, signalment, results of physical examination, results of preoperative diagnostic testing, details of surgical technique, intraoperative findings including results of abdominal exploration and staging, concurrent surgical procedures, complications, histopathologic diagnoses, duration of postoperative hospitalization, and perioperative outcome were recorded. The perioperative period was defined as the time from hospital admission for LAS until discharge or death (within the same visit).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dogs underwent initial abdominal exploration and staging via multiple 5-mm laparoscopic ports (n = 2) or a single commercially available multichannel port (16), followed by minilaparotomy with insertion of a wound retraction device, progressive exteriorization of the spleen, sealing of hilar vessels, and splenectomy. Splenectomy was performed for treatment of a splenic mass (n = 15), suspected neoplasia (2), or refractory immune-mediated disease (1). Median size (width × length) of splenic masses was 5 × 5 cm (range, 1.6 to 11.0 cm × 1.5 to 14.5 cm). Complications were limited to minor intraoperative hemorrhage in 1 dog; no patient required conversion to open laparotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that LAS was technically feasible in dogs and not associated with major complications. Further evaluation is required; however, in appropriately selected patients, LAS may offer the benefits of a minimally invasive technique, including a smaller incision and improved illumination and magnification during exploration and staging.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Ameet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Philipp D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Runge
authors.forename: Brigitte A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Brisson
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Oblak
authors.forename: J Brad
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Case
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome