title: Perchlorate and Diet: Human Exposures, Risks, and Mitigation Strategies.
abstract: Perchlorate is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that interferes with the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Maternal thyroid dysfunction during gestation may alter fetal brain development. Perchlorate contamination is widespread: it is present in the body of all Americans tested and the majority of foods tested. The main sources of food contamination appear to be hypochlorite bleach, a disinfectant and sanitizer, that when poorly managed quickly degrades to perchlorate and perchlorate-laden plastic food packaging for dry food or localized contamination from manufacturing or processing of the chemical. Eliminating perchlorate from food packaging and improving bleach management, such as reducing concentration and storage time and temperature, would result in reduced perchlorate contamination of food and water.
authors.affiliation: , Germantown, MD, USA. drmvma@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maricel V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Maffini
authors.affiliation: Environmental Medicine and Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.|NYU Wagner School of Public Service\, New York, NY, USA.|NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY, USA.|NYU Global Institute of Public Health, 227 East 30th St, Room 735, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trasande
authors.affiliation: Chemicals Policy Director, Environmental Defense Fund, 1875 Connecticut Ave NW #600, Washington, DC, 20009, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Neltner
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D011247:Pregnancy; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D010472:Perchlorates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C494474:perchlorate
keywords: Bleach; Drinking water; Endocrine disruption; Food contamination; Food packaging; Neurodevelopment; Perchlorate