title: Effect of xylitol varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ.
abstract: Analyze the effect of varnishes containing xylitol compared to commercial fluoridated varnishes on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ.
  
  
  
  Twenty subjects took part in this crossover, double-blind study performed in four phases of 5days each. Each subject worn palatal appliances containing four predemineralized bovine enamel specimens. Artificial caries lesions were produced by immersion in 30ml of lactic acid buffer containing 3mM CaCl2·2H2O, 3mM KH2PO4, 6μM tetraetil metil diphosphanate (pH 5.0) for 6days. The specimens in each subject were treated once with the following varnishes: 20% xylitol (experimental); Duofluorid™ (6% NaF, 6% CaF2), Duraphat™ (5% NaF, positive control) and placebo (no-F/xylitol, negative control). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and removed after 6h. Fifteen subjects were able to finish all phases. The enamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness and transversal microradiography. The percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), the integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were statistically analyzed by Friedmann and Dunn's tests test (p<0.05).
  
  
  
  Enamel surface remineralization was significantly increased by Duraphat™, Duofluorid™ and 20% xylitol formulations. Significant subsurface mineral remineralization could also be seen for the experimental and commercial varnishes, except for Duraphat™, when the parameter "lesion depth" was considered.
  
  
  
  20% xylitol varnish seem to be a promising alternative to increase surface and subsurface remineralization of artificial caries lesions in situ.
  
  
  
  effective vehicles are desirable for caries control. Xylitol varnishes seem to be promising alternatives to increase enamel remineralization in situ, which should be confirmed by clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), Rua Galvao Bueno-868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A B
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: L P S
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Cassiano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Souza-E-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Grizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Caldana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901 SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mbuzalaf@fob.usp.br.
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002417:Cattle; D003731:Dental Caries; D003743:Dental Enamel; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014993:Xylitol
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D014993:Xylitol
keywords: Dental caries; Dental remineralization; Fluoride varnish; Xylitol