title: Getting insight into the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in specimens of marketed edible insects.
abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the occurrence of 11 transferable antibiotic resistance (AR) genes [erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), vanA, vanB, tet(M), tet(O), tet(S), tet(K), mecA, blaZ] in 11 species of marketed edible insects (small crickets powder, small crickets, locusts, mealworm larvae, giant waterbugs, black ants, winged termite alates, rhino beetles, mole crickets, silkworm pupae, and black scorpions) in order to provide a first baseline for risk assessment. Among the AR genes under study, tet(K) occurred with the highest frequency, followed by erm(B), tet(S) and blaZ. A high variability was seen among the samples, in terms of occurrence of different AR determinants. Cluster Analysis and Principal Coordinates Analysis allowed the 11 samples to be grouped in two main clusters, one including all but one samples produced in Thailand and the other including those produced in the Netherlands.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Milanović
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: a.osimani@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osimani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasquini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aquilanti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taccari
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cardinali
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riolo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clementi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D020387:Food Chain; D059022:Food Safety; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D007313:Insecta / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D009426:Netherlands; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012605:Scorpions / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D013785:Thailand
keywords: Insect-based food; Nested-PCR; Risk assessment; Transferable resistance determinant