title: AvianBuffer: An interactive tool for characterising and managing wildlife fear responses.
abstract: The characterisation and management of deleterious processes affecting wildlife are ideally based on sound scientific information. However, relevant information is often absent, or difficult to access or contextualise for specific management purposes. We describe 'AvianBuffer', an interactive online tool enabling the estimation of distances at which Australian birds respond fearfully to humans. Users can input species assemblages and determine a 'separation distance' above which the assemblage is predicted to not flee humans. They can also nominate the diversity they wish to minimise disturbance to, or a specific separation distance to obtain an estimate of the diversity that will remain undisturbed. The dataset is based upon flight-initiation distances (FIDs) from 251 Australian bird species (n = 9190 FIDs) and a range of human-associated stimuli. The tool will be of interest to a wide audience including conservation managers, pest managers, policy makers, land-use planners, education and public outreach officers, animal welfare proponents and wildlife ecologists. We discuss possible applications of the data, including the construction of buffers, development of codes of conduct, environmental impact assessments and public outreach. This tool will help balance the growing need for biodiversity conservation in areas where humans can experience nature. The online resource will be expanded in future iterations to include an international database of FIDs of both avian and non-avian species.
authors.affiliation: Applied Ecology Research Group and Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, MC 8001, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick-Jean
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.affiliation: Applied Ecology Research Group and Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, MC 8001, Australia.
authors.forename: Wouter F D
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: van Dongen
authors.affiliation: Applied Ecology Research Group and Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, MC 8001, Australia.
authors.forename: Randall W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Blumstein
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and the Built Environment, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia. mike.weston@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weston
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D003625:Data Collection; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D064878:Web Browser
keywords: Buffers; Co-existence; Flight-initiation distance; Human-wildlife conflict; Wildlife management