title: Morphological analysis of lymph vessels and capillaries in gastric carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the morphology of lymph vessel capillaries in both human gastric carcinomas and their peritumoral tissues, as well as the relation of this morphology to lymphatic metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The morphology and fine distribution of both lymph vessels and capillaries in and around the primary foci of gastric carcinoma were studied using the 5'Nase Alpase double staining method. The total amount of opened vessels and the opening rate of lymph vessels and capillaries were counted using a light microscope (100 × magnification), and the maximal luminal area, perimeter and diameter were measured using an image analysis technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymph vessels and capillaries displayed strong 5'Nase-positive staining (brown and dark brown), while blood vessels and capillaries revealed significant Alpase activity (blue). There were many lymph vessels, capillaries and solid strip-like tissues found in the gastric carcinoma samples analyzed. The total amount of lymphatics in the metastatic group (gastric carcinoma vs peritumoral tissue) and non-metastatic group was 26.9 ± 14.2 vs 10.4 ± 4.0, 11.4 ± 3.4 and 9.7 ± 3.2, P < 0.01, respectively. Their opening rates were 21.2 vs 47.5 and 40.4 vs 46.0, P < 0.01, respectively. Their maximal luminal areas were 1502.98 ± 1236.91 vs 5526.80 ± 4853.42; 1918.14 ± 2299.24 vs 3836.16 ± 3549.16; 5526.80 ± 4853.42 vs 3836.16 ± 3549.16, P < 0.05, their perimeters were 220.33 ± 130.25 vs 441.43 ± 276.51; 241.79 ± 171.13 vs 333.80 ± 199.66; 441.43 ± 276.51 vs 333.80 ± 199.60, P < 0.05, and their diameters were 28.80 ± 14.98 vs 59.39 ± 28.53; 25.37 ± 15.79 vs 46.22 ± 20.85; 59.39 ± 28.53 vs 46.22 ± 20.85, P < 0.05, respectively. In summary, the lymphatics found in gastric carcinoma samples from the metastatic group were significantly lower than those of the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are newly formed lymph capillaries found in gastric carcinoma. Dilation of lymph capillaries may be related to edema found in peritumoral connective tissues. The observed lymph node metastases from gastric carcinoma occur through mature lymph capillaries that invade in and around primary gastric carcinoma foci.
authors.affiliation: Xin-Bo Liao, Wei-Ping Tang, Qin-Ming Zhang, Ying-Hai Zhao, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Xin-Bo Liao, Wei-Ping Tang, Qin-Ming Zhang, Ying-Hai Zhao, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Xin-Bo Liao, Wei-Ping Tang, Qin-Ming Zhang, Ying-Hai Zhao, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Xin-Bo Liao, Wei-Ping Tang, Qin-Ming Zhang, Ying-Hai Zhao, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Xin-Bo Liao, Wei-Ping Tang, Qin-Ming Zhang, Ying-Hai Zhao, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhao
keywords: Lymphatic metastasis; Lymphatic system/pathology; Stomach neoplasms