title: Incidence of esophageal cancer in Sri Lanka: Analysis of cancer registry data and comparison with other South Asian populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to report the incidence of Carcinoma of Esophagus (CaE) in Sri Lanka and to compare these values with other cancer registry data of the region and with migrant populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the data published by the National Cancer Control Program over the last two decades with data from the National Cancer Registry Programme of the Indian Council of Medical Research and Karachi Cancer Registry. SEERstat was used to analyze the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database to analyze data on Indian migrant population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CaE was the fourth most common cancer overall and among females and third most common cancer among males. The incidence of CaE rises with age in both sexes, with a peak in the 70-74 year age group. There was a disproportionately higher number of CaE in the Tamil population (chi-square test, P < 0.00001). The commonest type of CaE in Sri Lanka was squamous cell carcinoma, Not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 750, 70.5%), followed by adenocarcinoma, NOS (n = 83, 7.8%). India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have comparable age-adjusted incidence and age distribution of CaE. All migrant populations had lower incidence of CaE than original population or population in their present country. Both cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are more prevalent in Sri Lankan males than females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of CaE and its distribution among age groups in Sri Lanka was comparable to other countries of the region. Persons of Tamil ethnicity have a higher risk of developing CaE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Dakshitha P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wickramasinghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Dharmabandhu N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Samarasekera
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013188:Sri Lanka
keywords: South Asia; Sri Lanka; cancer registry; esophageal cancer