title: Long-Term Effect of Anti-VEGF Agents on Intraocular Pressure in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Materials andMethods: This is a retrospective study that included 72 patients treated unilaterally with anti-VEGF agents according to a pro re nata regimen. Fellow noninjected eyes (n = 72) were used as controls. IOP variation and the development of sustained ocular hypertension (OHT) were assessed both in the injected and in the fellow eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the final IOP was not significantly different between the 2 groups, sustained OHT developed in 4.2% of the injected eyes and 1.4% of the controls. In the study group, no significant IOP variation was noted during follow-up in patients receiving ≤20 injections, but there was a significant increase in IOP with time in more frequently treated patients (p = 0.041). Comparison of both subgroups demonstrated that patients receiving >20 injections suffered significantly greater IOP variation (p = 0.034) during follow-up, and that these patients tended to require IOP-lowering treatment more frequently (p = 0.090).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple anti-VEGF injections lead to an increase in IOP, although this variation is not sufficient to cause development of OHT in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Sx00E3;o Jox00E3;o, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beato
authors.forename: Ana Catarina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinheiro-Costa
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Freitas-da-Costa
authors.forename: Manuel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Estrela-Silva
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falcão-Reis
authors.forename: Ângela M
authors.initials: ÂM
authors.lastname: Carneiro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068258:Bevacizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C533178:aflibercept; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D000069579:Ranibizumab