title: Emerging infections due to filamentous fungi in humans and animals: only the tip of the iceberg?
abstract: Over the last few decades, the number of patients susceptible to invasive filamentous fungal infections has steadily increased, especially in populations suffering from hematological diseases. The pathogens responsible for such mycoses are now quite well characterized, such as Aspergillus spp. - the most commonly isolated mold -, Mucorales, Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. or melanized fungi. An increase in the incidence of this category of 'emerging' fungi has been recently highlighted, evoking a shift in fungal ecology. Starting from these medical findings, taking a step back and adopt a wider perspective offers possible explanations of this phenomenon on an even larger scale than previously reported. In this review, we illustrate the link between emerging fungi in medicine and changes in ecology or human behaviours, and we encourage integrative approaches to apprehend the adverse effects of progress and develop preventive measures in vast domains, such as agriculture or medicine.
authors.affiliation: Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.|Laboratoire Stress Immunité Pathogènes - EA 7300 - Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Debourgogne
authors.affiliation: Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Joséphine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorin
authors.affiliation: Structure de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy (CHU-Nancy), Hôpitaux de Brabois, 11 allée du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.|Laboratoire Stress Immunité Pathogènes - EA 7300 - Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machouart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*