title: Obsessive-compulsive adults with and without childhood ADHD symptoms.
abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently coexist. To understand whether childhood ADHD can increase the risk of OCD in adulthood and whether it influences the phenomenology of OCD, we investigated the symptoms of ADHD during childhood in obsessive-compulsive adults who had never been diagnosed as ADHD. Adults with OCD (n = 83) were given the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The prevalence of childhood ADHD symptoms was 40.9 % (n = 34) and that of adult ADHD was 16.9 % (n = 14). Patients with childhood ADHD symptoms had an earlier onset of OCD, higher scores of the BAI and BIS-11. The scores of the Y-BOCS and HDRS-17 did not differ between those having and not having childhood ADHD symptoms. Childhood history of ADHD symptoms is common in adult OCD patients who have never been diagnosed as ADHD. Childhood ADHD symptoms are associated with an earlier age of OCD, more severe anxiety and higher impulsiveness. Even remitted ADHD may be a risk factor for OCD in later life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey. oguz.tan@uskudar.edu.tr.|Neuropsychiatry Research Health and Practice Center, Uskudar University, Bagdat St. Nu:109/A Feneryolu, 34724, Istanbul, Turkey. oguz.tan@uskudar.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.|Neuropsychiatry Research Health and Practice Center, Uskudar University, Bagdat St. Nu:109/A Feneryolu, 34724, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.|Neuropsychiatry Research Health and Practice Center, Uskudar University, Bagdat St. Nu:109/A Feneryolu, 34724, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder; Developmental psychiatry; Obsessive–compulsive disorder; Psychiatric comorbidity; Risk factors for obsessive–compulsive disorder