title: Influence of Gender and Gender-Specific Recommendations on Adolescent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination.
abstract: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced for female adolescents prior to male adolescents. Understanding coverage patterns related to gender-specific recommendations and factors associated with early adoption and timely completion may be important for future vaccines.
  
  
  
  Retrospective analysis of HPV vaccine initiation (one or more dose) and completion (three or more doses) patterns in adolescents aged 11-18 years using 2009-2013 New York Citywide Immunization Registry data. Log binomial models assessed patient-specific (age, insurance) and practice-specific (facility type, number of adolescents, poverty level) variables on early adoption (within 1 year of recommendation) and timely completion (within 12 months) by gender.
  
  
  
  Of 1,494,767 adolescents, 50.2% were male, 57.5% were vaccinated in private practices, 58.7% in practices with more adolescents, and 48.8% in highest poverty locations. More female (54.0%) than male (33.5%) adolescents initiated vaccination (p<0.001). Of those, 56.1% received three or more doses, 34.1% within 12 months (30.0% male, 36.8% female, p<0.001). In 2009-2012, the proportion of still-eligible male adolescents who newly initiated increased from 0.1% to 17.0%; rates for female adolescents increased from 15.4% to 17.3%. Vaccination initiation within 1 year of gender-specific recommendations was similar (27.4% female, 27.3% male). For both genders, the uninsured were less likely to have early adoption and timely completion. Being publicly insured was associated with early adoption in both genders, but with timely completion in male adolescents only. Being seen in a public facility and in a practice with more adolescents was also associated with early adoption.
  
  
  
  Changing HPV vaccine recommendations had minimal cross-gender impact. Early adoption and timely completion patterns were mostly similar across genders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Randi L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Teplow-Phipps
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Vikki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papadouka
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Denise H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Benkel
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomathematics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holleran
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomathematics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Rajasekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soren
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York. Electronic address: mss2112@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stockwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009518:New York; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011203:Poverty; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines