title: Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy using an attenuated total reflection probe to distinguish between Japanese larch, pine and citrus plants in healthy and diseased states.
abstract: FTIR spectroscopy coupled with an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) sampling probe has been demonstrated as a technique for detecting disease in plants. Spectral differences were detected in Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) infected with Phytophthora ramorum at 3403cm(-1) and 1730cm(-1), from pine (Pinus spp.) infected with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at 1070cm(-1), 1425cm(-)1, 1621cm(-1) and 3403cm(-1) and from citrus (Citrus spp.) infected with 'Candidatus liberibacter' at 960cm(-1), 1087cm(-1), 1109cm(-1), 1154cm(-1), 1225cm(-1), 1385cm(-1), 1462cm(-1), 1707cm(-1), 2882cm(-1), 2982cm(-1) and 3650cm(-1). A spectral marker in healthy citrus has been identified as Pentanone but is absent from the diseased sample spectra. This agrees with recent work by Aksenov, 2014. Additionally, the spectral signature of Cutin was identified in the spectra of Pinus spp. and Citrus spp. and is consistent with work by Dubis, 1999 and Heredia-Guerrero, 2014.
authors.affiliation: RAL Space, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom. Electronic address: daniel.gandolfo@stfc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gandolfo
authors.affiliation: RAL Space, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mortimer
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Woodhall
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boonham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D028221:Larix / Q000382:microbiology*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000502:physiology; D028223:Pinus / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; Candidatus liberibacter; Huanglongbing; Infrared, Phytophthora ramorum