title: COMBINED EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE ON MORPHOLOGY, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND DNA OF ARTHROSPIRA (SPIRULINA) PLATENSIS (CYANOPHYTA)(1).
abstract: Natural levels of solar UVR were shown to break and alter the spiral structure of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Nordst.) Gomont during winter. However, this phenomenon was not observed during summer at temperatures of ∼30°C. Since little has been documented on the interactive effects of solar UV radiation (UVR; 280-400 nm) and temperature on cyanobacteria, the morphology, photosynthesis, and DNA damage of A. platensis were examined using two radiation treatments (PAR [400-700 nm] and PAB [PAR + UV-A + UV-B: 280-700]), three temperatures (15, 22, and 30°C), and three biomass concentrations (100, 160, and 240 mg dwt [dry weight] · L(-1) ). UVR caused a breakage of the spiral structure at 15°C and 22°C, but not at 30°C. High PAR levels also induced a significant breakage at 15°C and 22°C, but only at low biomass densities, and to lesser extent when compared with the PAB treatment. A. platensis was able to alter its spiral structure by increasing helix tightness at the highest temperature tested. The photochemical efficiency was depressed to undetectable levels at 15°C but was relatively high at 30°C even under the treatment with UVR in 8 h. At 30°C, UVR led to 93%-97% less DNA damage when compared with 15°C after 8 h of exposure. UV-absorbing compounds were determined as negligible at all light and temperature combinations. The possible mechanisms for the temperature-dependent effects of UVR on this organism are discussed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, ChinaMarine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaHainan DIC Microalgae Co., Ltd., Haikou International Commercial Centre 38, Da Tong Road, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correos No 15, (9103) Rawson, Chubut, Argentina.
authors.forename: Kunshan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, ChinaMarine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaHainan DIC Microalgae Co., Ltd., Haikou International Commercial Centre 38, Da Tong Road, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correos No 15, (9103) Rawson, Chubut, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, ChinaMarine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaHainan DIC Microalgae Co., Ltd., Haikou International Commercial Centre 38, Da Tong Road, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correos No 15, (9103) Rawson, Chubut, Argentina.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, ChinaMarine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaHainan DIC Microalgae Co., Ltd., Haikou International Commercial Centre 38, Da Tong Road, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correos No 15, (9103) Rawson, Chubut, Argentina.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walter Helbling
keywords: Arthrospira platensis; DNA damage; UVR; cyanobacterium; morphology; photosynthesis; temperature