title: Arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate after birth in newborns with and without maternal bonding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine and compare changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in healthy term infants with and without maternal bonding.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study in healthy term infants. SpO2and HR were recorded from 1 to 10 min after birth. After this, SpO2and HR were registered at 15, 30 and 60 min and then at 12 and 24 h after birth. SpO2and HR were measured with a pulse oximeter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 216 healthy term infants were divided into three different groups: 136 (63%) born by vaginal delivery, 56 (26%) born by cesarean section with bonding, and 24 (11%) born by cesarean section without bonding. No difference in SpO2was found in babies born by cesarean section with or without maternal bonding. In neonates delivered vaginally, SpO2was significantly higher during the first 10 min after birth than in neonates born by cesarean section with bonding (P < 0.05). Compared with infants born by cesarean section without bonding, this tendency was not significant. In general, HR was similar across groups, although, for infants born by cesarean section, neonates who received bonding had lower HR from 6 to 8 min (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy term newborns, maternal bonding in infants born by cesarean section did not have effects on SpO2. Some differences were observed in HR between infants born by cesarean section with and without bonding.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile. aldobancalari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bancalari
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Heriberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araneda
authors.affiliation: Department of Childcare Neonatology Service, University of Concepción, Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Echeverría
authors.affiliation: Department of Childcare Neonatology Service, University of Concepción, Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvear
authors.affiliation: Department of Childcare Neonatology Service, University of Concepción, Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Luzmira
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: heart rate; maternal bonding; neonate; oxygen saturation; pulse oxymeter