title: Assessment of treatment response in tuberculosis.
abstract: Antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis has a duration of several months. There is significant variability of the host immune response and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sub-populations at the site of disease. A limitation of sputum-based measures of treatment response may be sub-optimal detection and monitoring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sub-populations. Potential biomarkers and surrogate endpoints should be benchmarked against hard clinical outcomes (failure/relapse/death) and may need tailoring to specific patient populations. Here, we assess the evidence supporting currently utilized and future potential host and pathogen-based models and biomarkers for monitoring treatment response in active and latent tuberculosis. Biomarkers for monitoring treatment response in extrapulmonary, pediatric and drug resistant tuberculosis are research priorities.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK.|b Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine , University of Cape Town , Observatory , South Africa.
authors.forename: Neesha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rockwood
authors.affiliation: b Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine , University of Cape Town , Observatory , South Africa.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: du Bruyn
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK.|b Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine , University of Cape Town , Observatory , South Africa.|c The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory , London , UK.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Tuberculosis; biomarkers; humans; therapeutics; treatment outcome