title: Blood glucose regulation mechanism in depressive disorder animal model during hyperglycemic states.
abstract: Depression is more common among diabetes people than in the general population. In the present study, blood glucose change in depression animal model was characterized by various types of hyperglycemia models such as d-glucose-fed-, immobilization stress-, and drug-induced hyperglycemia models. First, the ICR mice were enforced into chronic restraint stress for 2h daily for 2 weeks to produce depression animal model. The animals were fed with d-glucose (2g/kg), forced into restraint stress for 30min, or administered with clonidine (5μg/5μl) supraspinally or spinally to produce hyperglycemia. The blood glucose level in depression group was down-regulated compared to that observed in the normal group in d-glucose-fed-, restraint stress-, and clonidine-induced hyperglycemia models. The up-regulated corticosterone level induced by d-glucose feeding or restraint stress was reduced in the depression group while the up-regulation of plasma corticosterone level is further elevated after i.t. or i.c.v. clonidine administration in the depression group. The up-regulated insulin level induced by d-glucose feeding or restraint stress was reduced in the depression group. On the other hand, blood corticosterone level in depression group was up-regulated compared to the normal group after i.t. or i.c.v. clonidine administration. Whereas the insulin level in depression group was not altered when mice were administered clonidine i.t. or i.c.v. Our results suggest that the blood glucose level in depression group is down-regulated compared to the normal group during d-glucose-fed-, immobilization stress-, and clonidine-induced hyperglycemia in mice. The down-regulation of the blood glucose level might be one of the important pathophysiologic changes in depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ryeong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Sub
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hwsuh@hallym.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hong-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose; D003000:Clonidine; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Blood glucose; Clonidine; Depression animal model; Glucocorticoid; Immobilization stress; d-glucose-fed