title: Effect of cathodic polarization on coating doxycycline on titanium surfaces.
abstract: Cathodic polarization has been reported to enhance the ability of titanium based implant materials to interact with biomolecules by forming titanium hydride at the outermost surface layer. Although this hydride layer has recently been suggested to allow the immobilization of the broad spectrum antibiotic doxycycline on titanium surfaces, the involvement of hydride in binding the biomolecule onto titanium remains poorly understood. To gain better understanding of the influence this immobilization process has on titanium surfaces, mirror-polished commercially pure titanium surfaces were cathodically polarized in the presence of doxycycline and the modified surfaces were thoroughly characterized using atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and angle-resolved X-ray spectroscopy. We demonstrated that no hydride was created during the polarization process. Doxycycline was found to be attached to an oxide layer that was modified during the electrochemical process. A bacterial assay using bioluminescent Staphylococcus epidermidis Xen43 showed the ability of the coating to reduce bacterial colonization and planktonic bacterial growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geißler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: h.j.haugen@odont.uio.no.
authors.forename: Håvard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haugen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D014025:Titanium; D004318:Doxycycline
keywords: Antibacterial; Cathodic polarisation; Doxycycline; Surface modification; Titanium