title: Preoperative computed tomography angiography for planning DIEP flap breast reconstruction reduces operative time and overall complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The approach and operative techniques associated with breast reconstruction have steadily been refined since its inception, with abdominal perforator-based flaps becoming the gold standard reconstructive option for women undergoing breast cancer surgery. The current study comprises a cohort of 632 patients, in whom specific operative times are recorded by a blinded observer, and aims to address the potential benefits seen with the use of computer tomography (CT) scanning preoperatively on operative outcomes, complications and surgical times.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospectively recorded, retrospective review was undertaken of patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap at the St Andrews Centre over a 4-year period from 2010 to 2014. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) scanning of patients began in September 2012 and thus 2 time periods were compared: 2 years prior to the use of CTA scans and 2 years afterwards. For all patients, key variables were collected including patient demographics, operative times, flap harvest time, pedicle length, surgeon experience and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, comprising patients within the period prior to CTA scans, 265 patients underwent 312 flaps; whilst in group 2, the immediately following 2 years, 275 patients had 320 flaps. The use of preoperative CTA scans demonstrated a significant reduction in flap harvest time of 13 minutes (P<0.013). This significant time saving was seen in all flap modifications: unilateral, bilateral and bipedicled DIEP flaps. The greatest time saving was seen in bipedicle flaps, with a 35-minute time saving. The return to theatre rate significantly dropped from 11.2% to 6.9% following the use of CTA scans, but there was no difference in the total failure rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has demonstrated both a benefit to flap harvest time as well as overall operative times when using preoperative CTA. The use of CTA was associated with a significant reduction in complications requiring a return to theatre in the immediate postoperative period. Modern scanners and techniques can reduce the level of ionising radiation, facilitating patients being able to benefit from the advantages that this preoperative planning can convey.
authors.affiliation: 1 STAAR St Andrews Anglia Ruskin Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK ; 2 St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Room E322, Mayflower Ward, Level 3, Zone E, West Wing, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald O'Connor
authors.affiliation: 1 STAAR St Andrews Anglia Ruskin Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK ; 2 St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Room E322, Mayflower Ward, Level 3, Zone E, West Wing, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Warren Matthew
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Rozen
authors.affiliation: 1 STAAR St Andrews Anglia Ruskin Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK ; 2 St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Room E322, Mayflower Ward, Level 3, Zone E, West Wing, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chowdhry
authors.affiliation: 1 STAAR St Andrews Anglia Ruskin Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK ; 2 St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Room E322, Mayflower Ward, Level 3, Zone E, West Wing, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Band
authors.affiliation: 1 STAAR St Andrews Anglia Ruskin Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK ; 2 St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Room E322, Mayflower Ward, Level 3, Zone E, West Wing, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Venkat V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: 1 STAAR St Andrews Anglia Ruskin Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK ; 2 St Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Room E322, Mayflower Ward, Level 3, Zone E, West Wing, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffiths
keywords: Computer tomography (CT); free flap; microsurgery; microvascular