title: Testing the absorption of the extracts of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. in the intestinal canal in rats using an Ussing chamber.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt mainly distributed in Hetian region of Xinjiang at an altitude of 3000m, which is used as Uyghur traditional medicine because of its clearing heat, promoting circulation and removing toxicity and antihypertension, ect. effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This research was to study the four ingredients in the extracts of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. that are absorbed in different intestinal segments in rats to lay the foundation for further study on the effective constituents, tissue distribution, metabolism, and spectrum-effect relationships of these extracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  High, medium, and low concentrations were prepared according to their pharmacological effects. Quantitative analysis multi-components by single marker was used to test the cumulative absorption volume Q, absorption rate constant Ka, and apparent permeability coefficient Papp of the four main ingredients in C. tinctoria Nutt. extract in different intestinal segments in rats using a Ussing chamber model and high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Papp of chlorogenic acid and flavanomarein in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon were 1.0×10(-6) to 10×10(-6)cms(-1). Papp of marein in the duodenum and jejunum was <1.0×10(-6), and was 1.0×10(-6) to 10×10(-6)cms(-1) in the ileum and colon. Papp of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid in the duodenum was <1.0×10(-6)cms(-1), while it was 1.0×(1)0(-6) to 10×10(-6)cms(-1) in the jejunum, ileum, and colon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All four chemical components of the plant extract can be absorbed by the intestinal canal of rats, which conforms to zero-order absorption; the ileum presented the best absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Analytical & Testing Center, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Guzhalinuer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aierken
authors.affiliation: Analytical & Testing Center, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xinxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China; Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China. Electronic address: mxm3277@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031945:Coreopsis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010539:Permeability; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Absorption characteristics; Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.; HPLC; QAMS; Ussing chamber model