title: Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Mouse Models, and Nanoparticle Injectable Systems for Targeted Treatment.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, degenerative disease of articulating joints that not only affects the elderly, but also involves younger, more active individuals with prolonged participation in high physical-demand activities. Thus, effective therapies that are easy to adopt clinically are critical in limiting the societal burden associated with OA. This review is focused on intra-articular injectable regimens and provides a comprehensive look at existing in vivo models of OA that might be suitable for developing, testing, and finding a cure for OA by intra-articular injections. We first discuss the pathology, molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of OA, and challenges associated with disease-specific targeting of OA. We proceed to discuss available animal models of OA and provide a detailed perspective on the use of mouse models in studies of experimental OA. We finally provide a closer look at intra-articular injectable treatments for OA, focusing on biomaterials-based nanoparticles, and provide a comprehensive overview of the various nanometer-size ranges studied.
authors.affiliation: Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA.
authors.forename: Derek T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Holyoak
authors.affiliation: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA.
authors.forename: Ye F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA. mcv3@cornell.edu.|Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA. mcv3@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Marjolein C H
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van der Meulen
authors.affiliation: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA. as2833@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: In vivo models; Interleukins; Intra-articular; Nanoparticles; Proteases