title: Use of the Derriford Appearance Scale 59 to assess patient-reported outcomes in secondary cleft surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Secondary rhinoplasty, one of the final procedures in addressing the stigma of the cleft lip and palate (CLP), has both functional and aesthetic objectives. The way in which physicians evaluate outcomes in surgery concerning aesthetics is changing. Well-designed patient-reported outcome measures to assess health-related quality of life improvements attributable to surgery are increasingly being used. The Derriford Appearance Scale 59 (DAS-59) is currently the only available validated patient-reported outcome measure that assesses concern about physical appearance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with CLP presenting between May 2009 and May 2013 for secondary rhinoplasty to Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Toronto, Ontario) were recruited. DAS-59 measures were administered both preoperatively and at least six months after surgery. Pre- and postoperative measures were scored and compared. Item-by-item analysis of the measure was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total scores for this CLP group indicated greater concern about appearance than the general population. Across all subscales of the measure, there was a reduction in scores after secondary rhinoplasty suggesting less patient concern with appearance and a positive effect of surgery on patient quality of life. Item-by-item analysis suggested relatively few items in the measure were driving overall change in total scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison of pre- and postoperative scores with the DAS-59 in secondary cleft rhinoplasty suggests there is less concern with appearance after surgery. However, a small number of items within this generic scale contributing to this difference may suggest the need for a more patient specific measure for assessment of surgical outcomes in the cleft population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Oleh M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Antonyshyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fialkov
keywords: Cleft lip and palate; Cleft rhinoplasty; DAS-59; Derriford Appearance Scale; Patient-reported outcomes