title: The influence of maternal and paternal history on stone composition and clinical course of calcium nephrolithiasis in subjects aged between 15 and 25.
abstract: Our aim was to compare the influence of maternal history of stones (MHS) and paternal history of stones (PHS) on composition of calculi and disease course in a group of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis (CN) aged between 15 and 25, the age range with the maximal influence of family history on disease expression. One-hundred thirty-five patients (68 F) with CN and one stone-forming parent were retrospectively selected from the database of our outpatient stone clinic, and categorized according to MHS or PHS. Data about stone disease course and composition of passed calculi, determined by chemical analysis or Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometry, were collected together with information on blood chemistry and 24-h urinary profile of lithogenic risk. The characteristics of disease course and stone composition were compared using logistic regression tests adjusted for age, sex, and BMI or analysis of covariance where appropriate. Patients with MHS (n = 46) had significantly higher urinary calcium/creatinine ratio and ammonium, a higher prevalence of urological treatments (57 vs 27 %, p < 0.001) and mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate stone composition (69 vs 35 %, p = 0.002) than those with PHS. At multivariate logistic regression models, MHS was independently associated with urological treatments (OR 4.5, 95 %CI 1.9-10.7, p < 0.001) and the formation of calculi with mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate composition (OR 5.8, 95 %CI 1.9-17.9, p = 0.002). The method of stone analysis did not affect this result. In conclusion, in subjects aged 15-25, MHS is associated with mixed calcium stones and with a higher risk for urological procedures, and should be, therefore, considered in the management of urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. andrea.ticinesi@unipr.it.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. andrea.ticinesi@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ticinesi
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nouvenne
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinelli
authors.affiliation: INAIL-CERT Research Center at University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folesani
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lauretani
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meschi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: Calcium oxalate; Calcium phosphate; ESWL; Family history; Urolithiasis