title: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff attenuates thromboembolic brain injury, possibly due to its Z-ligustilide content.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Essential oil (EO) of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff, whose main composition is Z-ligustilide, has been shown to have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and potent neuroprotective properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined whether or not the EO could ameliorate brain damage and behavioural dysfunction in a thromboembolic model of stroke in rats and compare its effects to that of the purified Z-ligustilide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion using an autologous pre-formed clot. EO (10 mg kg(-1) and 45 mg kg(-1)) and Z-ligustilide (20 mg kg(-1)) were injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to embolization. Behavioural scores, infarct size and brain oedema, as well as the level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were determined in the ipsilateral cortex 24 hours following stroke induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EO (45 mg kg(-1)), statistically similar to Z-ligustilide (20 mg kg(-1)), curtailed brain infarction and oedema, improved behavioural scores and prevented enhanced oxidative stress and TNF-α level in the ischaemic brain tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings provide the first evidence of effectiveness of the extract in a thromboembolic model of stroke, whose action can be mediated, at least in part, by the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Niloofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Fallah
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Traditional Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baery
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics , Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleymankhani
authors.affiliation: d Midwifery, Islamic Azad University , Tehran Medical Branch , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Nafiseh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malekmohammadi
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Houman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alimoradi
authors.affiliation: f Department of Pharmacognosy , School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parsa
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.|g Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Fallah
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019661:Apiaceae; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C027820:ligustilide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D015107:4-Butyrolactone
keywords: Kelussia odoratissima; TNF-α; Z-ligustilide; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; thromboembolic stroke