title: TURBOGEN: Computer-controlled vertically oscillating grid system for small-scale turbulence studies on plankton.
abstract: In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the impact of turbulence on aquatic organisms. In response to this interest, a novel instrument has been constructed, TURBOGEN, that generates turbulence in water volumes up to 13 l. TURBOGEN is fully computer controlled, thus, allowing for a high level of reproducibility and for variations of the intensity and characteristics of turbulence during the experiment. The calibration tests, carried out by particle image velocimetry, showed TURBOGEN to be successful in generating isotropic turbulence at the typical relatively low levels of the marine environment. TURBOGEN and its sizing have been devised with the long-term scope of analyzing in detail the molecular responses of plankton to different mixing regimes, which is of great importance in both environmental and biotechnological processes.
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fortini
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watteaux
authors.affiliation: M2M Engineering, Via Cintia Parco S. Paolo, 13, 80125 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Espa
authors.affiliation: M2M Engineering, Via Cintia Parco S. Paolo, 13, 80125 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.affiliation: Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalunya E-08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iudicone
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ribera d'Alcalà
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003201:Computers; D004867:Equipment Design; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D007700:Kinetics; D010933:Plankton; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water