title: Evaluation of antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Holarrhena antidysenterica seeds in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanolic extract of Holarrhena antidysenterica (Family - Apocynaceae) seeds against induced diarrhea in Wistar albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extract was evaluated for castor oil and Escherichia coli induced diarrhea. Extract was given at 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body wt. orally in both protocols. Standard antidiarrheal Loperamide was used at 5 mg/kg body wt. orally in castor oil induced protocol, while standard antibiotic Gentamicin at 8 mg/kg body wt. intraperitoneally was used in E. coli induced diarrhea. In castor oil induced protocol, the percentage inhibition of defecation was calculated for each group, whereas in E. coli induced protocol, change in fecal consistency, and body weight was recorded for each individual rat for 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of castor oil induced diarrhea was reduced significantly (p<0.05) with H. antidysenterica seeds extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt. which showed equivalent effectiveness like that of Loperamide treated groups. Similarly in E. coli induced diarrhea protocol, the mean change in body weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in positive control, whereas no significant variation was observed in negative control, Gentamicin treated and H. antidysenterica treated group at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body wt., respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concluded that ethanolic extract of H. antidysenterica seeds effectively controlled diarrhea and decreased the severity of clinical signs of castor oil and E. coli induced diarrhea in Wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh - 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Dushyant Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh - 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Vinod Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh - 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Surendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh - 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh - 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Shankar Kumar
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh - 243 122, India.
authors.forename: A G Bhanu
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh - 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Escherichia coli; Holarrhena antidysenterica; antidiarrheal