title: Laboratory surveillance of Salmonella enterica from human clinical cases in Colombia 2005-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salmonella is an enteropathogen acquired through contaminated food or water. In Colombia, Salmonella spp. is included in the national surveillance of Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases and typhoid fever initiated in 1997. This report shows the phenotype and genotype results obtained from 2005 to 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4010 isolates of Salmonella enterica were analysed by serotyping with Kauffmann-White-LeMinor, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 93 serovars were identified, of which, Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Typhi, Dublin, Panama, Derby, Braenderup, Saintpaul, and Uganda were prominent. The highest levels of resistance were found for tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Susceptibility was observed in 52.4% (2101/4010) of the isolates. Multi-resistance was recorded in 54.9% of Typhimurium isolates, with 81 different combinations. Using PFGE, 51.9% (2083/4010) isolates were analysed in 34 serovars, and 828 electrophoretic patterns were obtained. From these, 8 patterns were found in at least two Latin-American countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surveillance of Salmonella spp. provides information on the serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and clonal distribution in Colombia, as well as information to treat this disease and control the spread of antimicrobial bacterial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Edna Catering
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Díaz-Guevara
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montaño
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Realpe
authors.affiliation: Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS Dr. C.G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Anabella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Della Gaspera
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia. Electronic address: mawire@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003105:Colombia; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012703:Serotyping; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Acute diarrhoeal disease; Antimicrobial resistance; Electroforesis en gel de campos pulsados; Enfermedad diarreica aguda; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis; Resistencia; Salmonella spp.; Serotipificación; Serotyping; Surveillance; Vigilancia