title: The Influence of Soil Characteristics on the Toxicity of Oil Refinery Waste for the Springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola).
abstract: We determined the toxicity of oil refinery waste in three soils using the springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola) in bioassays. Sublethal exposure to a concentration series of API-sludge presented EC50's for reproduction of 210 mg/kg in site soil; 880 mg/kg in LUFA2.2- and 3260 mg/kg in OECD-soil. The sludge was the least toxic in the OECD-soil with the highest clay and organic matter content, the highest maximum water holding capacity, and the least amount of sand. It was the most toxic in the reference site soil with the lowest organic matter content and highest sand content. The results emphasized the important role of soil characteristics such as texture and organic matter content in influencing toxicity, possibly by affecting bioavailability of toxicants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. ajr@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: Adriaan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.|Mills and Otten Environmental Consultants, 115 Greenway, Greenside, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Wyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sophie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reinecke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001681:Biological Assay; D000066388:Oil and Gas Industry; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012722:Sewage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioassays; Oil refinery waste; Soils; Springtails; Toxicity