title: Inflammatory Potential of Diet and Risk of Ulcerative Colitis in a Case-Control Study from Iran.
abstract: Diet and inflammation have been suggested to be important risk factors for ulcerative colitis (UC). In this case-control study conducted in Iran, we examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict UC. This study included 62 UC cases and 124 controls hospitalized for acute non-neoplastic diseases. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and the DII was analyzed as both continuous and as tertiles. Energy was adjusted using the residual method. Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk of UC, with the DII being used as both a continuous variable (OR(continuous) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.32; one unit increase corresponding to ≈8% of its range in the current study) and as tertiles (OR(tertile3vstertile1) 2.58, 95% CI 1.03-6.48, P(trend)| = |0.04). These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of UC.
authors.affiliation: a Cancer Prevention and Control Program, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shivappa
authors.affiliation: a Cancer Prevention and Control Program, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.affiliation: b Department of Community Nutrition , Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Samaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashvand
authors.affiliation: b Department of Community Nutrition , Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rashidkhani
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hekmatdoost
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D007492:Iran; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires