title: Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation.
abstract: Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are closely related processes, as well exemplified in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. OS is also related to hormonal derangement in a reciprocal way. Among the various hormonal influences that operate on the antioxidant balance, thyroid hormones play particularly important roles, since both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been shown to be associated with OS in animals and humans. In this context, the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) that typically manifests as reduced conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in different acute and chronic systemic conditions is still a debated topic. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome are reviewed, together with the roles of deiodinases, the enzymes responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3, in both physiological and pathological situations. The presence of OS indexes in NTIS supports the hypothesis that it represents a condition of hypothyroidism at the tissue level and not only an adaptive mechanism to diseases.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9417-6810
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5284-2793
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Segni
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2005-3746
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvestrini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meucci
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Currò
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine