title: Gene Expression Profiling of Tuberculous Meningitis Co-infected with HIV.
abstract: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a fatal form ofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection of the central nervous system (CNS). The similarities in the clinical and radiological findings in TBM cases with or without HIV make the diagnosis very challenging. Identification of genes, which are differentially expressed in brain tissues of HIV positive and HIV negative TBM patients, would enable better understanding of the molecular aspects of the infection and would also serve as an initial platform to evaluate potential biomarkers. Here, we report the identification of 796 differentially regulated genes in brain tissues of TBM patients co-infected with HIV using oligonucleotide DNA microarrays. We also performed immunohistochemical validation and confirmed the abundance of four gene products-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA3), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP/ECGF1) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8). Our study paves the way for understanding the mechanism of TBM in HIV positive patients and for further validation of potential disease biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India.
authors.forename: Ghantasala S Sameer
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Abhilash K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Manoj Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Arivusudar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marimuthu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India; Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
authors.forename: Shyam Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palapetta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India; Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560041, India.
authors.forename: Yashwanth
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Subbanayya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.affiliation: Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jyoti Bajpai
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dikshit
authors.affiliation: Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Pramila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tata
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Harsha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jagadeesha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maharudraiah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ramachandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Parthasarathy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satishchandra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India; Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India; Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India.
authors.forename: T S Keshava
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Akhilesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shankar
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Early diagnosis; GeneSpring; Neurological disorder; Single color labeling