title: Incidence and clinical vital parameters in primary ketosis of Murrah buffaloes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence and clinical vital parameters in cases of primary ketosis in Murrah buffaloes brought to teaching veterinary clinical complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar and from adjoining villages of the district Hisar, Haryana, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was conducted on 24 clinical cases (out of total 145 screened) of primary ketosis. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of clinical signs and significantly positive two tests for ketone bodies in urine (Rothera's and Keto-Diastix strip test). Data collected were statistically analyzed using independent Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall incidence of disease in these areas was found to be 16.55% and all the animals were recently parturited (mean: 1.42±0.14 month), on an average in their third lactation (mean: 2.38±0.30) and exhibited clinical signs such as selective anorexia (refusal to feed on concentrate diet), drastic reduction in milk yield (mean: 64.4±5.35%), ketotic odor from urine, breath, and milk and rapid loss of body condition. All the clinical vital parameters in ketotic buffaloes (body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and rumen movements) were within normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary ketosis in Murrah buffaloes was the most common seen in the third lactation, within the first 2 months after parturition with characteristics clinical signs and no variability in vital parameters. The disease has severe effect on the production status of affected animal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Neelesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sindhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Parmod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.lastname: Surbhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.
authors.lastname: Sridhar
keywords: Keto-Diastix strip test; Rothera’s test; buffaloes; incidence; primary ketosis