title: Simultaneous EEG-fMRI for working memory of the human brain.
abstract: Memory plays an important role in human life. Memory can be divided into two categories, i.e., long term memory and short term memory (STM). STM or working memory (WM) stores information for a short span of time and it is used for information manipulations and fast response activities. WM is generally involved in the higher cognitive functions of the brain. Different studies have been carried out by researchers to understand the WM process. Most of these studies were based on neuroimaging modalities like fMRI, EEG, MEG etc., which use standalone processes. Each neuroimaging modality has some pros and cons. For example, EEG gives high temporal resolution but poor spatial resolution. On the other hand, the fMRI results have a high spatial resolution but poor temporal resolution. For a more in depth understanding and insight of what is happening inside the human brain during the WM process or during cognitive tasks, high spatial as well as high temporal resolution is desirable. Over the past decade, researchers have been working to combine different modalities to achieve a high spatial and temporal resolution at the same time. Developments of MRI compatible EEG equipment in recent times have enabled researchers to combine EEG-fMRI successfully. The research publications in simultaneous EEG-fMRI have been increasing tremendously. This review is focused on the WM research involving simultaneous EEG-fMRI data acquisition and analysis. We have covered the simultaneous EEG-fMRI application in WM and data processing. Also, it adds to potential fusion methods which can be used for simultaneous EEG-fMRI for WM and cognitive tasks.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Tronoh, Malaysia. rafayyaz@gmail.com.|Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. rafayyaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rana Fayyaz
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Tronoh, Malaysia. aamir_saeed@petronas.com.my.|Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. aamir_saeed@petronas.com.my.
authors.forename: Aamir Saeed
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Tronoh, Malaysia.|Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nidal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.|Centre for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Faruque
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reza
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.|Centre for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jafri Malin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: EEG; Simultaneous EEG-fMRI; Working memory; fMRI