title: Exogenous lactate infusion improved neurocognitive function of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies showed a better recovery of cognitive function after administration of exogenous lactate during moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. However, the study evaluating lactate effect on mild traumatic brain injury is still limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of exogenous lactate on cognitive function in mild traumatic brain injury patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, single blind, randomized controlled study on 60 mild traumatic brain injury patients who were undergoing neurosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned into hyperosmolar sodium lactate (HSL) group or hyperosmolar sodium chloride (HSS) group. Patients in each group received either intravenous infusion of HSL or NaCl 3% at 1.5 ml/KgBW within 15 min before neurosurgery. During the surgery, patients in both groups received maintenance infusion of NaCl 0.9% at 1.5 ml/KgBW/hour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive function, as assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at 24 h, 30 and 90 days post-surgery, was analyzed by Anova repeated measures test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMSE score improvement was significantly better in HSL group than HSS group (P < 0.001). In HSL group the MMSE score improved from 16.00 (13.75-18.00) at baseline to 21.00 (18.75-22.00); 25.00 (23.75-26.00); 28.00 (27.00-29.00) at 24 h, 30, 90 days post-surgery, respectively. In contrast, in HSS group the MMSE score almost unchanged at 24 h and only slightly increased at 30 and 90 days post-surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperosmolar sodium lactate infusion during mild traumatic brain injury improved cognitive function better than sodium chloride 3%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Tatang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bisri
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Billy A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Utomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Iwan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fuadi
keywords: Cognitive function; MMSE Score; mild brain injury; sodium lactate