title: Henoch-Schönlein purpura with joint involvement: Analysis of 71 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although joint involvement is the second most common clinical manifestation after skin involvement in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), it has not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to profile the clinical characteristics and identify the potential risk factors for kidney damage in HSP patients having joint involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 71 cases of HSP patients with joint involvement who attended our hospital between January 2010 and March 2012 and analyzed their epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics, follow-up findings (up to three years) and overall prognosis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with renal symptoms in HSP patients with joint involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average age of patients was 8.55 ± 2.13 years with male to female ratio at 1.29:1. The peak age of disease onset was six to 11 years. The most common triggers included upper respiratory infection, vigorous physical activity, and autumn and winter seasons. Forty cases (56.35 %) had gastrointestinal involvement and 37 (52.11 %) had kidney damage; gastrointestinal system, scrotal involvement, and increased D-dimer levels were significantly associated with kidney injury (P < 0.05) by multivariate analysis. Glucocorticoid therapy was effective in alleviating symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastrointestinal symptoms, scrotal involvement, and increased D-dimer are the potential risk factors for kidney damage in HSP patients having joint involvement. Rational use of corticosteroids was probably responsible for the good clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Dongying, Shandong province, 257091, China.
authors.forename: Xuehong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Dongying, Shandong province, 257091, China.
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Dongying, Shandong province, 257091, China.
authors.forename: Laiqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Dongying, Shandong province, 257091, China.
authors.forename: Shuyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Dongying, Shandong province, 257091, China.
authors.forename: Youyou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Dongying, Shandong province, 257091, China. maqiang1919@tom.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D011695:IgA Vasculitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015994:Incidence; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: HSP nephritis; Henoch-Schönlein purpura; Joint involvement; Risk factors