title: γ-Tocotrienol upregulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression and enhances the anticancer effect of baicalein.
abstract: Previous studies have identified biomolecules that mediate the physiological actions of food factors, such as amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, minerals, plant polyphenols, and lactobacilli, suggesting that our bodies are equipped with an innate system that senses which food factors are required to maintain our health. However, the effects of environmental factors on food factor sensing (FFS) remains largely unknown. Tocotorienols (T3s), which belongs to the vitamin E family, possess several physiological functions, including cholesterol lowering and neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the effects of naturally abundant γ-T3 on FFS-related gene expressions in melanoma using a DNA chip. Our results showed that γ-T3 increased the expression level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a sensing molecule to plant polyphenol baicalein. The co-treatment with γ-T3 and baicalein enhanced the anti-proliferative activity of baicalein, accompanied by the downstream events of AhR-activation induced by baicalein. These data suggest that γ-T3 upregulates AhR expression and enhances its sensitivity to baicalein.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiwako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makio
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Motofumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumazoe
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: I-Chian
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. Electronic address: tatibana@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tachibana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D044950:Flavanones; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D014810:Vitamin E; C013649:plastochromanol 8; C006680:baicalein
keywords: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Baicalein; Food factor sensing; Tocotrienol