title: Use of the 2.8 French Progreat microcatheter in diagnostic cerebral angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tortuous vascular anatomy poses a significant challenge to performing diagnostic cerebral angiography.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report a new cerebral angiography technique for overcoming tortuous aortic and supra-aortic anatomy using a 2.8 French (F) Progreat microcatheter (0.028 inch (internal diameter) (Terumo; Somerset, New Jersey, USA) to obtain a diagnostic cerebral angiogram.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of consecutive cases undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography at our institution between 1 January 2013 and 30 November 2015 in which a 2.8F Progreat microcatheter was used. Clinical and operative notes were reviewed and correlated with imaging. Radiologic imaging, including CT, MRI, and digital subtraction angiography, was reviewed. Neurologic, systemic, and local complications were recorded on the basis of clinical follow-up results after each angiographic examination. Events that occurred within 24 h of the angiography were considered to be complications of the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial attempts at catheterization of the target vessel with various 4F and 5F catheters were unsuccessful owing to tortuosity, atherosclerotic disease, or occlusion of the catheter in the target vessel. Microcatheterization of the target vessel was successful in 59/62 (95%) target vessels. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram with a power injection was obtained in 59 (100%) of the successfully catheterized vessels. In one case, angiography proceeded to aneurysm coiling after over-the-wire exchange. In two cases, angiography proceeded to mechanical thrombectomy after over-the-wire exchange. No procedural complications were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2.8F Progreat microcatheter can be used to obtain a diagnostic cerebral angiogram in patients with anatomic challenges limiting catheterization by standard techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griauzde
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shastri
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057785:Catheters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Angiography; Brain; Catheter; Device; Technique