title: The benign mimickers of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma.
abstract: As the most frequent malignant histological subtype in prostatic cancer, prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (PAA) has a series of benign mimickers including prostatic or non-prostatic lesions and normal structures, which may lead to an erroneous diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. It is very important to be aware of the existence of these mimickers and to recognize their histological features. The differential diagnosis should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of clinical history, histological structure, cytological morphology and the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, rather than on single criteria (e.g., the presence of prominent nucleoli or basal cell layer).
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China ; 2 Cadet Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yuqiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China ; 2 Cadet Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yingmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China ; 2 Cadet Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China ; 2 Cadet Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China ; 2 Cadet Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China ; 2 Cadet Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China ; 2 Cadet Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (PAA); differential diagnosis; immunohistochemistry