title: Red blood cell membrane camouflaged magnetic nanoclusters for imaging-guided photothermal therapy.
abstract: Along with intrinsic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) advantages, iron oxide nanomaterials capable of photothermal conversion have been reported very recently and have again raised great interest in their designs among biomedical researchers. However, like other inorganic nanomaterials, high macrophage uptake, short blood retention time and unfavorable biodistributions have strongly hampered their applications in vivo. To solve these problems, a rational design of red blood cell (RBC) membrane camouflaged iron oxide magnetic clusters (MNC@RBCs) is presented in this paper. Our data show that by simply introducing an "ultra-stealth" biomimetic coating to iron oxide magnetic nanoclusters (MNCs), MNC@RBCs maintain the imaging and photothermal functionalities inherited from MNCs cores while achieving much lower nonspecific macrophage uptake and dramatically altered fate in vivo. MNC@RBCs with superior prolonged blood retention time, preferred high tumor accumulation and relatively lowered liver biodistribution are demonstrated when injected intravenously in mice, leading to greatly enhanced photothermal therapeutic efficacy by a single treatment without further magnetic force manipulation. Our study illustrates a well prepared integration of MNCs and RBCs, exploiting advantages of both functionalities within a single unit and suggests a promising future for iron-based nanomaterials application in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China. Electronic address: wlyang@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wuli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China. Electronic address: shaxy@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xianyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D004705:Endocytosis; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010789:Phototherapy; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles
keywords: Iron oxide nanoparticles; Magnetic resonance imaging; Nanoclusters; Photothermal therapy; Red blood cells