title: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) of the Kidneys by Using the Bosniak Classification.
abstract: Ultrasound is the most used interdisciplinary non-ionizing imaging technique in clinical routine. Therefore, ultrasound has a special value in the diagnosis and monitoring of cystic renal lesions, which can be classified as non-complicated or complicated and by means of occurrence as solitary or multifocal lesions. The Bosniak classification (I-IV) classifies renal cysts in 5 different categories with the help of ultrasound and computed tomography image criteria and is used for decisions of further clinical treatment. Additionally to normal native B-mode sonography, several new methods are in clinical use to improve diagnostic accuracy of unclear cases. Contrast enhanced ultrasound and MRI/CT are able to find and characterize difficult pathologies. This review explains the most important pathologies of cystic lesions of the kidney and stresses the different imaging methods of native B-mode sonography and the new techniques of contrast enhanced ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich-Großhadern Campus, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rübenthaler
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich-Großhadern Campus, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich-Großhadern Campus, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich-Großhadern Campus, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clevert
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media