title: Grape seed protects cholestatic rats liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of grape-seed extract against ischemia/reperfusion injury in cholestatic liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. In control and study groups, cholestasis was provided by bile duct ligation. Seven days later, the rats were subjected to 30 min hepatic ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg/day grape-seed extract was started 15 days before bile duct ligation and continued to the second operation in the study group. Serum, plasma and liver samples were taken. Laboratory analysis, tissue gluthation, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase levels and histopathological examination were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decrease in liver gluthation level and significant increase in malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity were observed after ischemia/reperfusion in cholestatic rats. Serum and plasma levels for laboratory analysis were also significantly higher in cholestatic I/R group. Hepatic necrosis and fibrosis were detected in histopathological examination. Oral grape-seed extract administiration reversed all these parameters and histopathological findings except serum bilirubin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral grape-seed extract treatment can improve liver functions and attenuate the inflammation and oxidative stress in cholestatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuğrul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Çakır
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslaner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seçkin Özgür
authors.initials: SÖ
authors.lastname: Tekeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kasım
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Güneş
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kinaci
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Feyza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tekeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cebrail
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akyüz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koç
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D045022:Lactate Dehydrogenases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D045022:Lactate Dehydrogenases; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin