title: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Activity Associated With Pitch Adaptation During Phonation in Healthy Women Without Voice Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the brain activity associated with pitch adaptation during phonation in healthy women without voice disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an interventional prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy women (mean age: 24.3 years) participated in a blocked design fMRI experiment involving two phonation (comfortable phonation and high-pitched phonation) and exhalation (prolonged exhalation) tasks. BrainVoyager QX Version 2.4 software was used for group-level general linear model analysis (q[FDR] < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses showed a significant main effect of phonation with pitch adaptation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, insula and cerebellum, left middle and inferior frontal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. Statistical results also identified a significant main effect of exhalation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, cerebellum, right lingual gyrus, thalamus, and left supramarginal gyrus. In addition, a significant main effect of phonation was found in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and right insula, as well as in the left midbrain periaqueductal gray for high-pitched phonation only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that a blocked design fMRI is sensitive enough to define a widespread network of activation associated with phonation involving pitch variation. The results of this study will be implemented in our future research on phonation and its disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Maryna.Kryshtopava@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Maryna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kryshtopava
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristiane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Lierde
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Meerschman
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Evelien
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Haeseleer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Moor
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandemaele
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vingerhoets
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Claeys
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056228:Feedback, Sensory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D010898:Pitch Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D014831:Voice; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: fMRI; phonation control; sensorimotor integration; sensory feedback; vocal pitch