title: [Hallucinations and Parkinson's disease in the elderly: Pitfalls and medical care].
abstract: Hallucinations are common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), with a significant prognosis impact. It is necessary to rule out other diagnoses that can be mentioned when hallucinations occur in old patients with PD. The various etiological factors must be systematically checked and can help for diagnosis. Medical care will be focused on treating the primary cause (medical or iatrogenic origin) and will privilege non-pharmacological strategies. Due to their frequent adverse effects, antipsychotic medication should be limited and started at low dose in old patients with multiple comorbidities. Clozapine and quetiapine have the highest level of recommendation in this indication. In the future, defining fMRI-based targets for noninvasive brain stimulation tools should pave the way for innovative non-pharmacological treatment of hallucinations.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie (Hôpital Fontan), Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d'Exploration (CURE), 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lille, Unité de psychogériatrie, pôle de gérontologie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lille, Neurologie et pathologie du mouvement, pôle de neurologie, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Inserm U1171, Troubles dégénératifs et vasculaires, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dujardin
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Lucien-Bonnafé, EPSM de l'agglomération lilloise, 59100 Roubaix, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duthoit
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lille, Unité de psychogériatrie, pôle de gérontologie, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Inserm U995, Biologie du vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puisieux
authors.affiliation: Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pins
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie (Hôpital Fontan), Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d'Exploration (CURE), 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jardri
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lille, Unité de psychogériatrie, pôle de gérontologie, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Inserm U995, Biologie du vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France. Electronic address: eric.boulanger@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boulanger
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic