title: In vivo study of the effectiveness of quantitative percussion diagnostics as an indicator of the level of the structural pathology of teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional dental diagnostic aids based upon imagery and patient symptoms are at best only partially effective for the detection of fine structural defects such as cracks in teeth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this clinical study was to determine whether quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD) provided knowledge of the structural instability of teeth before restorative work begins. QPD is a mechanics-based methodology that tests the structural integrity of teeth noninvasively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight human participants with 60 sites needing restoration were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved clinical study. Comprehensive examinations were performed in each human participant, including QPD testing. Each site was disassembled and microscopically video documented, and the results were recorded on a defect assessment sheet. Each restored site was then tested using QPD. The normal fit error (NFE), which corresponds to the localized defect severity, was correlated with any pretreatment structural pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QPD agreed with clinical disassembly in 55 of 60 comparisons (92% agreement). Moreover, the method achieved 98% specificity and 100% sensitivity for detecting structural pathologies found later upon clinical disassembly. Overall, the NFE was found to be highly predictive of advanced structural pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from the present in vivo study support the hypothesis that QPD can provide the clinician with advance knowledge of the structural instability of teeth before restorative work begins.
authors.affiliation: Co-Executive Director, Research and Teaching Divisions, Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute, Newport Beach, Calif. Electronic address: cgsheets@ncofi.org.
authors.forename: Cherilyn G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sheets
authors.affiliation: Co-Executive Director, Research and Teaching Divisions, Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute, Newport Beach, Calif.
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Research Assistant, Research Division, Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute, Newport Beach, Calif.
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashad
authors.affiliation: Assistant Director, Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Calif.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Chemical Engineering & Material Science and Biomedical Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering at University of California-Irvine, Irvine, Calif.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Earthman
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy; D010474:Percussion / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014172:Transillumination; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014048:Tolonium Chloride