title: Exploring membrane respiratory chains.
abstract: Acquisition of energy is central to life. In addition to the synthesis of ATP, organisms need energy for the establishment and maintenance of a transmembrane difference in electrochemical potential, in order to import and export metabolites or to their motility. The membrane potential is established by a variety of membrane bound respiratory complexes. In this work we explored the diversity of membrane respiratory chains and the presence of the different enzyme complexes in the several phyla of life. We performed taxonomic profiles of the several membrane bound respiratory proteins and complexes evaluating the presence of their respective coding genes in all species deposited in KEGG database. We evaluated 26 quinone reductases, 5 quinol:electron carriers oxidoreductases and 18 terminal electron acceptor reductases. We further included in the analyses enzymes performing redox or decarboxylation driven ion translocation, ATP synthase and transhydrogenase and we also investigated the electron carriers that perform functional connection between the membrane complexes, quinones or soluble proteins. Our results bring a novel, broad and integrated perspective of membrane bound respiratory complexes and thus of the several energetic metabolisms of living systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Marreiros
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calisto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Afonso M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Sena
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipe M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Refojo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal. Electronic address: mpereira@itqb.unl.pt.
authors.forename: Manuela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004579:Electron Transport; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011809:Quinones / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins; D011809:Quinones; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D011808:Quinone Reductases; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases
keywords: Anaerobe; Ion transport; Oxygen; Quinone; Respiration; Taxonomic profile