title: A novel flapless approach versus minimally invasive surgery in periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative proteins: a 24-month randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation was designed to compare the effectiveness of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) proteins in combination with flapless or flap procedure in periodontal regeneration of deep intrabony defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty chronic periodontitis patients who had at least one residual periodontal defect with an intrabony component of ≥3 mm were consecutively enrolled. Defects were randomly assigned to test or control treatments which both consisted of the use of EMD to reach periodontal regeneration. Test sites (n = 15) were treated according to a novel flapless approach, whereas control sites (n = 15) by means of minimally invasive surgery (MIST). Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline, 12 and 24 months post-operatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both therapeutic modalities yielded similar probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain at 24 months. In flapless-treated sites, a mean PD reduction of 3.6 ± 1.0 mm and a CAL gain of 3.2 ± 1.1 mm were observed. In the MIST group, they were 3.7 ± 0.6 and 3.6 ± 0.9 mm. The operative chair time was twice as long in the MIST compared to the flapless group, whereas comparable patient-oriented outcomes were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flapless procedure may be successfully applied in the regenerative treatment of deep intrabony defects reaching clinical outcomes comparable with those of minimally invasive surgical approaches and may present important advantages in terms of reduction of operative chair time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of EMD as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment may be considered a suitable option to treat defects mainly in the anterior sextants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy. mario.aimetti@unito.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aimetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrarotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Romano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery*; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010512:Periodontal Index; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; C109069:enamel matrix proteins
keywords: Biological factors; Enamel matrix proteins; Minimally invasive surgical procedures; Periodontal debridement; Periodontal pocket; Regenerative medicine