title: Parenteral nutrition solution in cerebrospinal fluid in preterm newborn - a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneously inserted central venous catheters (epicutaneo-cava-catheter - ECC) are widely used in neonatal intensive care, facilitating the parenteral nutrition and the treatment of critically ill newborns. This invasive procedure is regarded as safe and associated with low complication rate. Possible life-threatening complications may result from malpositioning of ECC. Paraspinal misplacement of ECC is one of the most serious complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report a case of misplacement of ECC inserted via left saphenous vein for intravenous feeding. A plane radiograph performed after the procedure showed the line tip at L3-L4 level, supposed to indicate location of the catheter in the vena cava inferior. Three days later, the infant developed neurologic symptoms (lethargy, hypotonia, seizures). Lumbar puncture revealed milky fluid containing parenteral nutrition solution. The infusion was stopped. X-ray with contrast showed the catheterization of the left ascending lumbar vein draining the vertebral venous plexuses. The contrast was highlighting the epidural space. The line was immediately removed resulting in improvement in patient's condition and resolution of all neurological symptoms. There was no sequela of this infiltration and the baby had an uneventful recovery. Follow-up at the age of 12 months showed normal development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A percutaneous catheter inserted via a lower limb may inadvertently enter the ascending lumbar vein. As previously reported, a catheter inserted via the left lower limb is a risk factor of this malposition. The life-threatening complications may be avoided by careful verification of ECC position (lateral x-ray, contrast examination). Plain radiography alone may not be sufficient for tip localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw - Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lachowska
authors.affiliation: "Vertex" Anatomy Students' Scientific Club, Department of Normal Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw - Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lachowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw - Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Królak-Olejnik
mesh_terms: D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D020878:Device Removal; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D053609:Lethargy / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced; D019300:Medical Errors; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D012640:Seizures / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions