title: Comparison of Gender Differences in Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-15% of all first time strokes and with incidence twice as high in the Asian compared to Western population. This study aims to investigate gender differences in ICH patient outcomes in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 1,192 patients admitted for ICH were collected over a four-year period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors and odds ratios were computed for 30-day mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) comparing males and females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males suffered ICH at a younger age than females (62.2 ± 13.2 years vs. 66.3 ± 15.3 years; P<0.001). The occurrence of ICH was higher among males than females at all ages until 80 years old, beyond which the trend was reversed. Females exhibited increased severity on admission as measured by Glasgow Coma Scale compared to males (10.9 ± 4.03 vs. 11.4 ± 4.04; P = 0.030). No difference was found in 30-day mortality between females and males (F: 30.5% [155/508] vs. M: 27.0% [186/688]), with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (F/M) of 1.19 (P = 0.188) and 1.21 (P = 0.300). At discharge, there was a non-statistically significant but potentially clinically relevant morbidity difference between the genders as measured by GOS (dichotomized GOS of 4-5: F: 23.7% [119/503] vs. M: 28.7% [194/677]), with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (F/M) of 0.77 (P = 0.055) and 0.87 (P = 0.434).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our multi-ethnic Asian population, males developed ICH at a younger age and were more susceptible to ICH than women at all ages other than the beyond 80-year old age group. In contrast to the Western population, neurological status of female ICH patients at admission was poorer and their 30-day mortality was not reduced. Although the study was not powered to detect significance, female showed a trend toward worse 30-day morbidity at discharge.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Justin T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Beng Ti
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yew Poh
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nicolas K K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors