title: Adrenergic Effect on Cytokine Release After Ex Vivo Healthy Volunteers' Whole Blood LPS Stimulation.
abstract: Catecholamines are molecules with immunomodulatory properties in health and disease. Several studies showed the effect of catecholamines when administered to restore hemodynamic stability in septic patients. This study investigates the effect of norepinephrine and dobutamine on whole blood cytokine release after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Whole blood collected from healthy individuals was stimulated with LPS, in the presence of norepinephrine or dobutamine at different concentrations, with or without metoprolol, a β1 receptor antagonist. Cytokine measurement was performed in isolated cell culture supernatants with ELISA. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM and compared with Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Both norepinephrine and dobutamine significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 production after ex vivo LPS stimulation of whole blood in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was partially reversed by the presence of metoprolol. Norepinephrine and dobutamine reduce the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus possibly contributing to altered balance between the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, which are vital for a successful host response to severe disease, shock, and sepsis.
authors.affiliation: ICU Research Unit at "Agioi Anargyroi" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papandreou
authors.affiliation: ICU Research Unit at "Agioi Anargyroi" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece. nadia.kavrohorianou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kavrochorianou
authors.affiliation: ICU Research Unit at "Agioi Anargyroi" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsoulas
authors.affiliation: ICU Research Unit at "Agioi Anargyroi" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Myrianthefs
authors.affiliation: ICU Research Unit at "Agioi Anargyroi" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Venetsanou
authors.affiliation: ICU Research Unit at "Agioi Anargyroi" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baltopoulos
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004280:Dobutamine; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: dobutamine; inflammation; norepinephrine; sepsis