title: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy class prediction by multicategory support vector machine model: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes is increasing in worldwide prevalence, toward epidemic levels. Diabetic neuropathy, one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus, is a serious condition that can lead to amputation. This study used a multicategory support vector machine (MSVM) to predict diabetic peripheral neuropathy severity classified into four categories using patients' demographic characteristics and clinical features.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the data were collected at the Diabetes Center of Hamadan in Iran. Patients were enrolled by the convenience sampling method. Six hundred patients were recruited. After obtaining informed consent, a questionnaire collecting general information and a neuropathy disability score (NDS) questionnaire were administered. The NDS was used to classify the severity of the disease. We used MSVM with both one-against-all and one-against-one methods and three kernel functions, radial basis function (RBF), linear, and polynomial, to predict the class of disease with an unbalanced dataset. The synthetic minority class oversampling technique algorithm was used to improve model performance. To compare the performance of the models, the mean of accuracy was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For predicting diabetic neuropathy, a classifier built from a balanced dataset and the RBF kernel function with a one-against-one strategy predicted the class to which a patient belonged with about 76% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that, in terms of overall classification accuracy, the MSVM model based on a balanced dataset can be useful for predicting the severity of diabetic neuropathy, and it should be further investigated for the prediction of other diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.|Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghimbeigi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, College of Medical Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.|Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiani
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Health Sciences and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahjub
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.|Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faradmal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015995:Prevalence; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Classification; Diabetic neuropathy; Logistic models; Support vector machine