title: Effect of tanniferous leaf meal based multi-nutrient blocks on feed intake, hematological profile, immune response, and body weight changes in Haemonchus contortus infected goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the effect of multi nutrient block (MNB) supplementation with and without tanniferous leaf meal mixture on feed intake, hematological profile, immune response, and body weight changes of goats that were experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 12 adult male goats of similar age and body weight (26.49±0.87) were allocated in 3 groups in completely randomized design. MNB supplemented in first two groups i.e. in T1 (no infection) and T2 (H. contortus infection @ 1500 L3/goat) group, while, MNB-condensed tannin (CT) supplemented in T3 (H. contortus infection @ 1500 L3/goat + CT source). All goats were fed concentrate mixture @ 100 g/day/goat, ad lib wheat straw and MNB or MNB-CT to meet their requirement for maintenance. Body weights were recorded and blood and fecal samples were collected at 0 day and thereafter at 15 days intervals for a period of 75 days for the assessment of body weight changes, hematological profile and H. contortus loads. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) response were assessed at the end of feeding trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) levels were found to be highest (p<0.001, p<0.05) in T1 group followed by T3 group and lowest values were observed in T2 group. However, The PCV values between T1 and T3 groups were found to be statistically non-significant (p<0.05). The humoral and CMI response were significantly (p<0.036) higher in T3 group as compared to T2 group. MNB-CT supplementation significantly (p<0.001) reduced fecal egg counts in T3 group as compared to MNB supplemented T2 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of MNB-CT could be used as an alternative sustainable method to control H. contortus and maintained health status and performance of goats in face of parasitic challenge.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Surender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Haemonchus contortus; condensed tannins; goats; leaf meal mixture; multi-nutrient blocks