title: Bacterial community associated to the pine wilt disease insect vectors Monochamus galloprovincialis and Monochamus alternatus.
abstract: Monochamus beetles are the dispersing vectors of the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). PWD inflicts significant damages in Eurasian pine forests. Symbiotic microorganisms have a large influence in insect survival. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial community associated to PWD vectors in Europe and East Asia using a culture-independent approach. Twenty-three Monochamus galloprovincialis were collected in Portugal (two different locations); twelve Monochamus alternatus were collected in Japan. DNA was extracted from the insects' tracheas for 16S rDNA analysis through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and barcoded pyrosequencing. Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Vibrionales and Oceanospirilales were present in all samples. Enterobacteriaceae was represented by 52.2% of the total number of reads. Twenty-three OTUs were present in all locations. Significant differences existed between the microbiomes of the two insect species while for M. galloprovincialis there were no significant differences between samples from different Portuguese locations. This study presents a detailed description of the bacterial community colonizing the Monochamus insects' tracheas. Several of the identified bacterial groups were described previously in association with pine trees and B. xylophilus, and their previously described functions suggest that they may play a relevant role in PWD.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.|Departamento de Biologia e Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
authors.forename: Anabela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: INIAV/Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Sistemas Agrários e Florestais e Sanidade Vegetal, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: NemaLab-ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal.|Environmental Biology Department, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.affiliation: FFPRI - Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tohuku, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology Department, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: NemaLab-ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: NemaLab-ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal.|Dep. Ciências da Vida, EPCV, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.|Departamento de Biologia e Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henriques
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology; D064307:Microbiota; D009348:Nematoda; D028223:Pinus / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D011174:Portugal
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D004247:DNA