title: A Prototype SSVEP Based Real Time BCI Gaming System.
abstract: Although brain-computer interface technology is mainly designed with disabled people in mind, it can also be beneficial to healthy subjects, for example, in gaming or virtual reality systems. In this paper we discuss the typical architecture, paradigms, requirements, and limitations of electroencephalogram-based gaming systems. We have developed a prototype three-class brain-computer interface system, based on the steady state visually evoked potentials paradigm and the Emotiv EPOC headset. An online target shooting game, implemented in the OpenViBE environment, has been used for user feedback. The system utilizes wave atom transform for feature extraction, achieving an average accuracy of 78.2% using linear discriminant analysis classifier, 79.3% using support vector machine classifier with a linear kernel, and 80.5% using a support vector machine classifier with a radial basis function kernel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 50-415, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Ignas
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martišius
authors.affiliation: Department of Software Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 50-415, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Robertas
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9990-1084
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Damaševičius
mesh_terms: D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000069550:Machine Learning; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games