title: Enzyme activity and microorganisms diversity in soil contaminated with the Boreal 58 WG herbicide.
abstract: Next-generation herbicides are relatively safe when used properly, but the recommended rates are relatively low, which can lead to overdosing. This study evaluated the responses of soil-dwelling microorganisms and soil enzymes to contamination with the Boreal 58 WG herbicide. The analyzed product contains active ingredients flufenacet and isoxaflutole. All tests were performed under laboratory conditions. The analyzed material was sandy clay. Boreal 58 WG was introduced to soil in four doses. Soil without the addition of the herbicide served as the control. The soil was mixed with the tested herbicide, and its moisture content was maintained at 50% of capillary water capacity. Biochemical and microbiological analyses were performed on experimental days 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160. Accidental contamination of soil with the Boreal 58 WG herbicide led to a relatively minor imbalance in the soil microbiological and biochemical profile. The herbicide dose influenced dehydrogenase activity in only 0.84%, urease activity in 2.04%, β-glucosidase activity in 8.26%, catalase activity in 12.40%, arylsulfatase activity in 12.54%, acid phosphatase activity in 42.11%, numbers of organotrophic bacteria in 18.29%, actinomyces counts in 1.31% and fungi counts in 6.86%.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kucharski
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomkiel
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baćmaga
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borowik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wyszkowska
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004798:Enzymes; D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Biodiversity; enzymes; herbicide; soil