title: Biomarkers in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea confined downstream a domestic landfill leachate discharge.
abstract: Landfills represent a severe environmental problem mainly due to the generation of leachates, and this study aimed to evaluate sublethal effects of a domestic landfill leachate in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Clams were submitted to in situ tests along a stream, at three sites, representing increasing distances from the leachate discharge (Pq1, Pq2, and Pq3), for 1, 5, and 15 days. The following biomarkers were analyzed in the gills and digestive glands: 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (MXR), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Metallothionein (MT) content was determined in the gills and DNA damage in hemocytes. The mortality rate of animals during in situ tests was reduced as the distance from the leachate discharge source increased. On the other hand, biomarker results showed sublethal effects on C. fluminea confined at all sites of PqS. GST, TAC, ROS, and DNA damage were the most significant biomarkers for this species and should be considered for future monitoring and assessment of freshwater environments located in landfill areas.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Fernandes
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. cbueno@uel.br.
authors.forename: Claudia Bueno
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Dos Reis Martinez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049874:Corbicula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008668:Metallothionein; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Asian clam; Biotransformation; Comet assay; Complex mixture; In situ test; Oxidative stress