title: Blue honeysuckle fruit (Lonicera caerulea L.) from eastern Russia: phenolic composition, nutritional value and biological activities of its polar extracts.
abstract: In the present work we conducted a comprehensive chemical analysis of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea) spontaneously growing in eastern Russia. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis showed cyanidin-3-glucoside as the major constituent among phenolics, while nutritional analysis revealed fibre, protein, calcium and magnesium as the most important macro- and micronutrients, respectively. Fatty acid composition was dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid being the most abundant. Furthermore, we evaluated several in vitro biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, wound healing and immunomodulatory effects of blue honeysuckle aqueous and ethanolic extracts that are often incorporated in food and nutraceutical preparations. While the fruit extracts were revealed to be potent radical scavengers with significant inhibition of ABTS radical, thus confirming the literature data, their inhibitory effects against microbial pathogens and tumor cell lines were negligible. The fruit aqueous extract did not show toxicity to human fibroblasts, but 24 h treatment with 150-200 μg per mL of extract slightly enhanced the cell migration when tested by scratched wound assay. Worth mentioning was the inhibitory effect displayed by the blue honeysuckle fruit aqueous extract on human lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Romilde
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iannarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto F.no, Italy.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.affiliation: Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto F.no, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellumori
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sagratini
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Sauro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vittori
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buccioni
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santinelli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bramucci
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quassinti
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lupidi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Luca A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Dezemona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrelli
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beghelli
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Clarita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavallucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Onelia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bistoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Science, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trivisonno
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maggi
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012426:Russia
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols