title: Biochemical studies in experimentally Escherichia coli infected broiler chicken supplemented with neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An experimental study was conducted on 192-day-old broiler chicks for evaluating the effect of 10% neem leaf extract (NLE) supplementationon biochemical parameters in chickens experimentally infected with Escherichia coli O78 at 10(7) CFU/0.5 ml at 7 days of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 192-day-old broiler chicks were procured. These chicks were divided into two groups (A and B) containing 96 birds each on the 1(st) day. Diet of all the chicks of Group A was supplemented with 10%NLE in water, whereas chicks of Group B were given feed and water devoid of NLE supplementation throughout the experiment. After rearing for 1 week, chicks of both the groups (A and B) were again divided into two subgroups (Group A into A1 and A2 and Group B into B1 and B2) of 54 and 42 birds, respectively. At the age of 7 days all the chicks of groups A1 and B1 were injected with E. coli O78 at 10(7) CFU/0.5 ml intraperitoneally. Blood samples were collected from six chicks from each group at day 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 days post-infection and serum was separated for biochemical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, globulin concentration and a decrease in total protein (TP), albumin concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in both the infected groups. However, the changes in biochemical values, i.e., ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, TP, albumin, and globulin wereof lower magnitude in NLE supplemented group suggesting hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect of NLE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fromthe present study, it is reasonable to conclude that significant increase in the value of ALT, AST, LDH, globulin, and significant decrease in the value of ALP, TP, and albumin was of lower magnitude in supplemented infected group (A1) as compared to non-supplemented infected group (B1) suggesting hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect of NLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Vikash
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Jakhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nehra
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sarvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: biochemical studies; chicken; experimentally Escherichia coli infected broiler; neem leaf extract