title: Single particle analysis of herpes simplex virus: comparing the dimensions of one and the same virions via atomic force and scanning electron microscopy.
abstract: Currently, two types of direct methods to characterize and identify single virions are available: electron microscopy (EM) and scanning probe techniques, especially atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM in particular provides morphologic information even of the ultrastructure of viral specimens without the need to cultivate the virus and to invasively alter the sample prior to the measurements. Thus, AFM can play a critical role as a frontline method in diagnostic virology. Interestingly, varying morphological parameters for virions of the same type can be found in the literature, depending on whether AFM or EM was employed and according to the respective experimental conditions during the AFM measurements. Here, an inter-methodological proof of principle is presented, in which the same single virions of herpes simplex virus 1 were probed by AFM previously and after they were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sophisticated chemometric analyses then allowed a calculation of morphological parameters of the ensemble of single virions and a comparison thereof. A distinct decrease in the virions' dimensions was found during as well as after the SEM analyses and could be attributed to the sample preparation for the SEM measurements. Graphical abstract The herpes simplex virus is investigated with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy in view of varying dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kämmer
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabell
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany. thomas.bocklitz@uni-jena.de.|Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany. thomas.bocklitz@uni-jena.de.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany. thomas.bocklitz@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-6624
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bocklitz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stöckel
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dellith
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cialla-May
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zell
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dellith
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deckert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Herpes simplex virus; Image analysis; Scanning electron microscopy