title: AUTOGAMOUS AUXOSPORULATION IN PINNULARIA NODOSA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)(1).
abstract: Auxosporulation of the freshwater epipelic diatom Pinnularia nodosa (Ehrenb.) W. Sm. was studied in a clonal culture. Interphase cells possessed two chloroplasts with invaginated pyrenoids. The nucleus contained a single small body of heterochromatin at one end, also visible during most of meiotic prophase. During auxosporulation, induced by transfer of stationary-phase cells to fresh medium and suppressed by high nitrogen (N), an unpaired mother cell produced a single auxospore. Although meiosis II and nuclear fusion were not observed, indirect evidence indicated that auxosporulation was autogamous (rarely reported in pennate diatoms), rather than apomictic; paedogamy was excluded. The protoplast produced after meiosis either (1) matured into a "pseudozygote," via an asymmetrical contraction after meiosis I to form a single spherical cell at one end of the mother cell (pathway 1); or (2) constricted into two spherical cells (pathway 2). In pathway 2, the "pseudogametes" never fused and only one or none developed into a pseudozygote and then into an auxospore. Pathway 2 could be suppressed by continuous light. During metamorphosis of the spherical pseudozygote into an elongate young auxospore, a complete covering of thin siliceous incunabular strips was formed, separate from the organic wall formed around the pseudozygote when first formed and from the perizonium. Mature auxospores produced via pathway 2 had 60% of the volume as those produced via pathway 1 and had smaller chloroplasts (through loss of fragments during protoplast cleavage), but they achieved exactly the same lengths, suggesting that absolute length is monitored during expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech RepublicRoyal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.
authors.forename: Aloisie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulíčková
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech RepublicRoyal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mann
keywords: Pinnulariaceae; autogamy; auxosporulation; diatoms; heterochromatin; incunabula; meiosis; perizonium; sexual reproduction