title: Comparison of visual outcomes after implantation of diffractive trifocal toric intraocular lens and a diffractive apodized bifocal toric intraocular lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare a new diffractive trifocal toric lens with an apodized diffractive bifocal toric lens in terms of refractive and visual acuity (VA) outcomes, including low-contrast VA (LCVA), as well as the patient's visual function 3 months after implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a randomized prospective study involving bilateral implantation of a trifocal toric or a bifocal toric lens. At 3 months postoperatively, the subject's vision was tested both uncorrected and with his/her best distance correction at: distance (4 m), intermediate (63 cm), and near (40 cm). Binocular defocus curves were measured with no correction and with the subject's best distance correction in place. Quality of vision was measured using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 patients were enrolled (eleven in each group). There was no statistically significant difference in the absolute change in measured rotation between 1 month and 3 months postoperatively between the two intraocular lens (IOL) groups (P=0.98). At 3 months, the postoperative refraction and distance VA by eye were similar between groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the measured LCVA between groups (P=0.39). The defocus curve showed that at 67 cm, the trifocal toric lens had statistically significantly better VA when compared to the bifocal toric lens. There were no statistically significant differences by group for any of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire scores (P>0.26 in all cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trifocal toric IOL improved the intermediate vision without negatively impacting visual function and distance, near, or low-contrast VA when compared to a bifocal toric IOL. The toric component of the trifocal lens effectively reduced astigmatism and provided good rotational stability.
authors.affiliation: IFocus Øyeklinikk AS, Haugesund, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjell Gunnar
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.affiliation: Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Potvin
keywords: FineVision; ReSTOR; astigmatism; contrast sensitivity; defocus curve; multifocal