title: NELL-1 expression in tumors of cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NELL-1 is a novel osteochondral differentiation factor protein with increasing usage in tissue engineering. Previously, we reported the expression patterns of NELL-1 in bone-forming skeletal tumors. With increasing interest in the use of NELL-1 protein, we sought to examine the expression of NELL-1 in cartilage-forming tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical expression was examined in human pathologic specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent NELL-1 overexpression across all cartilage-forming tumors was observed. Similar degrees of expression were observed in enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, and chondroblastic osteosarcoma. NELL-1 expression did not significantly vary by tumor grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, NELL-1 demonstrates reliable and consistent expression across cartilage-forming skeletal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: LaChaud
authors.affiliation: Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asatrian
authors.affiliation: Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Xinli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dry
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Chia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.affiliation: Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Aaron W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: James
keywords: Chondroblastic osteosarcoma; Chondrosarcoma; Enchondroma; Nell-1; Osteosarcoma