title: Serum Cytokine Responses over the Entire Clinical-Immunological Spectrum of Human Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi Infection.
abstract: The clinical-immunological spectrum of human Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil was recently reviewed based on clinical, DTH, and IFAT (IgG) evaluations that identified five profiles: three asymptomatic (asymptomatic infection, AI; subclinical resistant infection, SRI; and indeterminate initial infection, III) and two symptomatic (symptomatic infection, SI; American visceral leishmaniasis, AVL; and subclinical oligosymptomatic infection, SOI). TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 serum cytokines were analyzed using multiplexed Cytometric Bead Array in 161 samples from endemic areas in the Brazilian Amazon: SI [AVL] (21 cases), III (49), SRI (19), SOI (12), AI (36), and a control group [CG] (24). The highest IL-6 serum levels were observed in the SI profile (AVL); higher IL-10 serum levels were observed in SI than in SOI or CG and in AI and III than in SOI; higher TNF-α serum levels were seen in SI than in CG. Positive correlations were found between IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels in the SI and III profiles and between IL-6 and TNF-α and between IL-4 and TNF-α in the III profile. These results provide strong evidence for associating IL-6 and IL-10 with the immunopathogenesis of AVL and help clarify the role of these cytokines in the infection spectrum.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Karla
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Inácio
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Santoro
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Vieira
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marliane Batista
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Maria C
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Dalastra
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laurenti
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Medical School of São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Tobias
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0412-6060
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Silveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines