title: Sufentanil and Bupivacaine Combination versus Bupivacaine Alone for Spinal Anesthesia during Cesarean Delivery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The addition of lipophilic opioids to local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia has become a widely used strategy for cesarean anesthesia. A meta-analysis to quantify the benefits and risks of combining sufentanil with bupivacaine for patients undergoing cesarean delivery was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature search without language or date limitation was performed to identify clinical trials that compared the addition of sufentanil to bupivacaine with bupivacaine alone for spinal anesthesia in healthy parturients choosing cesarean delivery. The Q and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity of the data. Data from each trial were combined using relative ratios (RRs) for dichotomous data or weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous data and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for each trial. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by removing one study a time to assess the quality and consistency of the results. Begg's funnel plots and Egger's linear regression test were used to detect any publication bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 9 trials containing 578 patients in the final meta-analysis. Sufentanil addition provided a better analgesia quality with less breakthrough pain during surgery than bupivacaine alone (RR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.18, P < 0.001). Sensory block onset time was shorter and first analgesic request time was longer in sufentanil added group compared with the bupivacaine-alone group (WMD = -1.0 min, 95% CI -1.5 to -0.58, P < 0.001 and WMD = 133 min, 95% CI 75 to 213, P < 192, respectively). There was no significant difference in the risk of hypotension and vomiting between these two groups. But pruritus was more frequentely reported in the group with sufentanil added (RR = 7.63, 95% CI 3.85 to 15.12, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bupivacaine and sufentanil combination is superior to that of bupivacaine alone for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in analgesia quality. Women receiving the combined two drugs had less breakthrough pain, shorter sensory block onset time, and longer first analgesic request time. However, the addition of sufentanil to bupivacaine increased the incidence of pruritus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Chengliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jianqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Ruike
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Teaching hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Mu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002585:Cesarean Section; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011537:Pruritus / Q000209:etiology; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D017409:Sufentanil; D002045:Bupivacaine