title: Parenteral trace element provision: recent clinical research and practical conclusions.
abstract: The aim of this systematic review (PubMed, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed and Cochrane, www.cochrane.org; last entry 31 December 2014) was to present data from recent clinical studies investigating parenteral trace element provision in adult patients and to draw conclusions for clinical practice. Important physiological functions in human metabolism are known for nine trace elements: selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, iron, molybdenum, iodine and fluoride. Lack of, or an insufficient supply of, these trace elements in nutrition therapy over a prolonged period is associated with trace element deprivation, which may lead to a deterioration of existing clinical symptoms and/or the development of characteristic malnutrition syndromes. Therefore, all parenteral nutrition prescriptions should include a daily dose of trace elements. To avoid trace element deprivation or imbalances, physiological doses are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences - Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stehle
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinic of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stoffel-Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences - Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D002857:Chromium; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D008982:Molybdenum; D007455:Iodine; D007501:Iron; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc; D005459:Fluorides