title: Expression of SOFAT by T- and B-lineage cells may contribute to bone loss.
abstract: A novel T cell-secreted cytokine, termed secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) that induces osteoclastic bone resorption in a RANKL-independent manner, has been described. Our group have previously reported that SOFAT is highly expressed in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis suggesting a putative role in the bone loss associated with periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to identify other potential cellular sources of SOFAT in the bone resorptive lesions of patients with periodontal disease. Gingival tissues were biopsied from systemically healthy subjects without periodontal disease (n=5) and patients with chronic periodontitis (n=5), and the presence of SOFAT was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The present data demonstrated marked SOFAT staining in diseased periodontal tissues that was predominantly associated with the lymphocytic infiltration of gingival tissues. Notably, in addition to CD3+ T cells, B‑lineage cells including plasma cells also exhibited strong staining for SOFAT. As SOFAT has not previously been reported in B‑lineage cells, splenic T cells and B cells were further purified from BALB/c mice and activated using CD3/CD28 and lipopolysaccharide, respectively. SOFAT was quantified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and was shown to be significantly expressed (P<0.05) in both activated T cells and B cells compared with unstimulated cells. These data support a putative role of SOFAT in the bone loss associated with chronic periodontal disease. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time that in addition to T cells, B-lineage cells may also be a significant source of SOFAT in inflammatory states.
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Medicine Research Group, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo 13045‑755, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jarry
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo 13045‑755, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Medicine Research Group, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo 13045‑755, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Peruzzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carregaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sacramento
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo 13045‑755, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
authors.forename: M Neale
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Weitzmann
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo 13045‑755, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Napimoga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C546006:THNSL2 protein, human