title: Treatment costs of cystoid macular edema among patients following cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current costs of treating cystoid macular edema (CME), a complication that can follow cataract surgery, are largely unknown. This analysis estimates the treatment costs for CME based on the recently released US Medicare data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of the 2011 through 2013 Medicare 5% Beneficiary Encrypted Files.
  
  
  METHODS
  Beneficiaries who underwent cataract surgery were identified and stratified by diagnosis of CME (cases) or no diagnosis of CME (controls) within 6 months following surgery. Claims and reimbursements for ophthalmic care were identified. Subgroup analyses explored the rates of CME in beneficiaries based on the presence of selected comorbidities and by the type of procedure (standard vs complex). Total Medicare and ophthalmic costs for cases and controls are presented. The analysis explored the effect of considering diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema (ME) as exclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 78,949 beneficiaries with cataract surgery, 2.54% (n=2,003) were diagnosed with CME. One-third of beneficiaries had one or more conditions affecting retinal health (including diabetes), 4.5% of whom developed CME. The rate of CME, at 22.5%, was much higher for those patients with preoperative DME or ME. Ophthalmic charges were almost twice as high for cases compared with controls (US$10,410 vs $5,950); payments averaged 85% higher ($2,720 vs $1,470) (both P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial costs can be associated with CME; beneficiaries whose retinas are already compromised before cataract surgery face higher risk. Cost savings could be realized with the use of therapies that reduce the risk of developing CME. Future analyses could identify whether and to what extent comorbidities influence costs.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences, Exponent Inc., Alexandria, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jordana K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Schmier
authors.affiliation: Health Economics, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Covert
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences, Exponent Inc., Alexandria, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hulme-Lowe
authors.affiliation: Global Market Access, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anmol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.affiliation: US Pharma Medical Affairs, Alcon Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mahlis
keywords: claims analysis; costs and cost analysis; cystoid macular edema; diabetic retinopathy