title: Nail Psoriasis: A Review of Treatment Options.
abstract: Nail involvement affects 80-90 % of patients with plaque psoriasis, and is even more prevalent in patients with psoriatic arthritis. This review is the result of a systemic approach to the literature and covers topical, intralesional, conventional systemic, and biologic systemic treatments, as well as non-pharmacological treatment options for nail psoriasis. The available evidence suggests that all anti-tumor necrosis factor-α, anti-interleukin (IL)-17, and anti-IL-12/23 antibodies which are available for plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are highly effective treatments for nail psoriasis. Conventional systemic treatments, including methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, and apremilast, as well as intralesional corticosteroids, can also be effective treatments for nail psoriasis. Topical treatments, including corticosteroids, calcipotriol, tacrolimus, and tazarotene, have also been shown to have a position in the treatment of nail psoriasis, particularly in mild cases. Finally, non-pharmacological treatment options, including phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, and several radiotherapeutic options, are also reviewed but cannot be advised as first-line treatment options. Another conclusion of this review is that the lack of a reliable core set of outcomes measures for trials in nail psoriasis hinders the interpretation of results, and is urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen (370), The Netherlands. marcel.pasch@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Marcel C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-9607
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pasch
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000628:therapy*