title: The efficacy of theophylline in preventing cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity in patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cisplatin is a potent antineoplastic agent used and its major limiting side effect is nephrotoxicity. The aims of the study are early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) with biomarkers and investigation of the potential nephron-protective effects of theophylline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glomerular filtration rates (GFR), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C were measured at 5th day of treatment in all of the patients. In addition, these parameters were measured repeatedly after the administration of cisplatin, at 2nd hour, 5th and 20th days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients who are planned to receive cisplatin for the first time were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 (n = 30) (standard treatment arm) and Group II (n = 30) (theophylline arm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups after the administration of cisplatin, GFR showed a significant decrease within time (p = 0.006). Urine NGAL levels were significantly high after 2 h of cisplatin administration (p < 0.001), no significant difference was observed between groups. However, when the time*group effects were considered together, higher NGAL levels were detected in the group not receiving theophylline (p = 0.025). After 5 days of cisplatin administration, urine protein levels were significantly higher in both groups (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results showed that urine NGAL level is a superior biomarker compared to serum creatinine and serum cystatin C in the detection of early AKI. Theophylline was found not to bring a complete protection for the kidneys, but less nephrotoxicity was developed when compared to the group not receiving theophylline.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Lutfiye Derya
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Karademir
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dogruel
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nephrology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kocyigit
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey.
authors.forename: Cevat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nephrology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nephrology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Murat Hayri
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sipahioglu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nephrology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oymak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nephrology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tokgoz
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D055316:Cystatin C; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D003404:Creatinine; D013806:Theophylline; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Cisplatin; NGAL; cystatin C; nephrotoxicity; theophylline