title: Health-related quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: Results from a community based cross-sectional study in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It is an incurable disease with improvement in quality of life (QOL) as a major focus area for management. This study assesses the QOL of COPD patients and the factors affecting it.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 124 patients diagnosed with COPD in a larger cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of COPD were assessed for their QOL using St. George's respiratory questionnaire for COPD patients (SGRQ-C). Spirometry was performed to assess lung function and diagnose COPD. Chronic lung disease (CLD) severity index was used to assess the severity of symptoms and the Medical Research Council questionnaire was used to assess the severity of dyspnea. Sociodemographic data regarding the patients were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with COPD showed significantly reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). CLD estimate for severity of lung disease and the Medical Research Council assessment for dyspnea and the duration of illness showed a highly significant positive correlation with HRQOL. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between lung function and SGRQ-C score. Increasing age, increased quantum of smoking, and lower socioeconomic status were correlated with poorer HRQOL. No association between QOL and education, body mass index (BMI), and gender was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that Indian patients with COPD had reduced HRQOL. Poor lung function, increased disease duration and smoking, and worsening symptoms impacted HRQOL negatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Kannur Medical College, Kannur, Kerela, India.
authors.forename: Malik Shanawaz
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, NIMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Arslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neyaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Ahmad Nadeem
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Aslami
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; India; St. George's respiratory questionnaire for COPD patients; quality of life