title: Therapy of nephrolithiasis: where is the evidence from clinical trials?
abstract: The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide with significant health and economic burden. Newer research is finding that stones are associated with several serious morbidities. Yet, few randomized clinical trials or high quality observational studies have assessed whether clinical interventions decrease the recurrence of kidney stones. Therefore, in this review we analyze the available evidence on medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones; describe the evidence about non-pharmacological stone therapy including dietary modifications and citrus juice-based therapy; and discuss the efficacy of thiazide diuretics for the treatment of hypercalciuria in recurrent nephrolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pachaly
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Pellegrino
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Baena
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio de
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence