title: A novel cleaner production process of citric acid by recycling its treated wastewater.
abstract: In this study, a novel cleaner production process of citric acid was proposed to completely solve the problem of wastewater management in citric acid industry. In the process, wastewater from citric acid fermentation was used to produce methane through anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent was further treated with air stripping and electrodialysis before recycled as process water for the later citric acid fermentation. This proposed process was performed for 10 batches and the average citric acid production in recycling batches was 142.4±2.1g/L which was comparable to that with tap water (141.6g/L). Anaerobic digestion was also efficient and stable in operation. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was 95.1±1.2% and methane yield approached to 297.7±19.8mL/g TCODremoved. In conclusion, this novel process minimized the wastewater discharge and achieved the cleaner production in citric acid industry.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Jian
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China. Electronic address: maozg@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhong-Gui
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis; D059027:Recycling; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019343:Citric Acid; D008697:Methane; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Air stripping; Anaerobic digestion; Citric acid; Electrodialysis; Methane