title: The first description of complete invertebrate arginine metabolism pathways implies dose-dependent pathogen regulation in Apostichopus japonicus.
abstract: In this study, three typical members representative of different arginine metabolic pathways were firstly identified from Apostichopus japonicus, including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), arginase, and agmatinase. Spatial expression analysis revealed that the AjNOS transcript presented negative expression patterns relative to those of Ajarginase or Ajagmatinase in most detected tissues. Furthermore, Vibrio splendidus-challenged coelomocytes and intestine, and LPS-exposed primary coelomocytes could significantly induce AjNOS expression, followed by obviously inhibited Arginase and AjAgmatinase transcripts at the most detected time points. Silencing the three members with two specific siRNAs in vivo and in vitro collectively indicated that AjNOS not only compete with Ajarginase but also with Ajagmatinase in arginine metabolism. Interestingly, Ajarginase and Ajagmatinase displayed cooperative expression profiles in arginine utilization. More importantly, live pathogens of V. splendidus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus co-incubated with primary cells also induced NO production and suppressed arginase activity in a time-dependent at an appropriate multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, without non-pathogen Escherichia coli. When increasing the pathogen dose (MOI = 100), arginase activity was significantly elevated, and NO production was depressed, with a larger magnitude in V. splendidus co-incubation. The present study expands our understanding of the connection between arginine's metabolic and immune responses in non-model invertebrates.
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yina
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chenghua
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Weiwei
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhenhui
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhimeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D014512:Ureohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology*; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D014512:Ureohydrolases; D001119:Arginase; C019625:agmatinase