title: Exploratory field trial of motorcycle autonomous emergency braking (MAEB): Considerations on the acceptability of unexpected automatic decelerations.
abstract: Autonomous emergency braking (AEB) acts to slow down a vehicle when an unavoidable impending collision is detected. In addition to documented benefits when applied to passenger cars, AEB has also shown potential when applied to motorcycles (MAEB). However, the feasibility of MAEB as practically applied to motorcycles in the real world is not well understood.
  
  
  
  In this study we performed a field trial involving 16 riders on a test motorcycle subjected to automatic decelerations, thus simulating MAEB activation. The tests were conducted along a rectilinear path at nominal speed of 40 km/h and with mean deceleration of 0.15 g (15% of full braking) deployed at random times. Riders were also exposed to one final undeclared brake activation with the aim of providing genuinely unexpected automatic braking events.
  
  
  
  Participants were consistently able to manage automatic decelerations of the vehicle with minor to moderate effort. Results of undeclared activations were consistent with those of standard runs.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrated the feasibility of a moderate automatic deceleration in a scenario of motorcycle travelling in a straight path, supporting the notion that the application of AEB on motorcycles is practicable. Furthermore, the proposed field trial can be used as a reference for future regulation or consumer tests in order to address safety and acceptability of unexpected automatic decelerations on a motorcycle.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Florence , Florence , Italy.|b Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Clayton Campus, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Florence , Florence , Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierini
authors.affiliation: b Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Clayton Campus, Victoria , Australia.|c Melbourne School of Design, University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: b Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Clayton Campus, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzharris
authors.affiliation: b Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Clayton Campus, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lenné
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D003654:Deceleration; D004630:Emergencies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D011482:Protective Devices; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: acceptability; autonomous emergency braking; collision mitigation; motorcyclist; tests