title: Thought-shape fusion in young healthy females appears after vivid imagination of thin ideals.
abstract: It has been shown that exposure to female thin ideals in media has minimal to moderate direct effects on body image satisfaction (BIS), mood and dysfunctional eating in healthy young women. Evidence has been found for several intervening variables such as social comparison processes. Accordingly it is assumed, that cognitive processing (rather than mere media exposure) is crucial. Consequently, vivid imagination of thin ideals after exposure to a fashion magazine was induced in order to trigger cognitive processes. Changes in mood, BIS and resulting bodyrelated cognitive distortions (Thought-Shape Fusion Body, TSF-B) were assessed.
  
  
  
  A total of 91 healthy women (mean age 21.9 years, SD = 2.0) were exposed to either a fashion magazine (thin-ideal group) or a nature magazine (control group) in a waiting room design. Afterwards they were instructed to vividly imagine either the thin ideals or landscapes.
  
  
  
  When exposed to thin ideals, a significant decrease in mood and BIS emerged after vivid imagination, but not after mere magazine exposure. Imagining thin ideals triggered body-related cognitive distortions (TSF-B). A higher degree of eating disorder (ED) symptomatology amplified this effect.
  
  
  
  These findings apply to young healthy females and cannot be generalized to samples with obesity, EDs or males. Internal validity is limited since the intensity of the exposure has not been systematically controlled.
  
  
  
  Vivid imagination of thin ideals promoted by magazines results in impaired mood and BIS and moreover in body-related cognitive distortions (TSF-B) in healthy women, especially, for those with stronger ED symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: University of Fribourg, Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Rue de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: andrea.wyssen@unifr.ch.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wyssen
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Program, Douglas University Institute in Mental Health, Verdun, Quebec Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: jennifer.coelho@cw.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: University of Fribourg, Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Rue de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: peter.wilhelm@unifr.ch.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: University of Lausanne, Institute of Psychology, Geopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: gregoire.zimmermann@unil.ch.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: University of Fribourg, Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Rue de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: simone.munsch@unifr.ch.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008402:Mass Media; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive distortion; Eating disorder symptomatology; Media exposure; Thin ideal; Thought-shape fusion; Women