title: Environmental cadmium and lead exposure and anti-Müllerian hormone in pregnant women.
abstract: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) has been suggested as a marker for ovarian function. Cadmium and lead have been suggested to reduce female fecundity. In this study we aimed to investigate whether environmental exposure to cadmium and lead was associated with alterations in serum-AMH.
  
  
  
  The associations between serum-AMH and whole blood cadmium or lead were investigated by general linear models in a population-based sample of 117 pregnant women.
  
  
  
  The mean concentrations of blood cadmium and lead were 0.71μg/L and 17.4μg/L, respectively. The mean serum-AMH was 17.3pmol/L. No association between lead and AMH was detected. In the cadmium analysis the adjusted mean AMH level (95% CI) in the highest exposure tertile was 12.4 (6.4;23.8) compared to 5.6 (2.7;11.4) in the lowest exposure tertile (p=0.06).
  
  
  
  The study provides suggestive evidence that environmental exposure to cadmium, but not lead, may alter the level of AMH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NW, Denmark. Electronic address: puksc@me.com.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NW, Denmark.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.affiliation: Reprodutive Medicine Centre, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bungum
authors.affiliation: Reprodutive Medicine Centre, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giwercman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Oluf Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: B A G
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NW, Denmark.
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Specht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone
keywords: Anti-Müllerian hormone; Cadmium; Female fecundity; Heavy metals; Lead