title: Cytotoxicity of diesel engine exhaust among the Chinese occupational population: a complement of cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome.
abstract: Diesel engine exhaust (DEE), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been associated with adverse health effects. Revelation of cellular and molecular changes is critical for understanding environmental exposure-related diseases. Although the molecular-level effects of DEE exposure have been investigated, whether it is associated with aberrant changes at cellular level is largely unknown at the population level. In the present study, we measured urinary concentrations of 6 mono-hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) and cytotoxicity-related endpoints including apoptosis and necrosis frequencies, and nuclear division cytotoxicity index (NDCI) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of 79 DEE-exposed workers and 59 non-DEE-exposed workers. We found that DEE-exposed workers had significantly higher necrosis frequency and lower NDCI than did non-DEE-exposed workers (both p < 0.001). In all study subjects and nonsmoking workers, urinary summed OH-PAHs was associated with increased necrosis frequency and reduced NDCI. In nonsmoking workers, an interquartile range increase in urinary summed OH-PAHs was associated with 105.03% increase in necrosis frequency and 8.70% decrease in NDCI. Taking advantage of the previous measure of micronucleus frequency, we observed that micronucleus frequency was positively correlated with apoptosis and necrosis frequencies (r = 0.277, p = 0.047 and r = 0.452, p = 0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated with NDCI (r = -0.477, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results suggested that DEE exposure was associated with increased necrosis frequency and further with reduced NDCI in PBLs, providing evidence of DEE exposure-induced cytotoxicity in humans.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China .
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Preventive Medicine , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China .
authors.forename: Huawei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Preventive Medicine , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Preventive Medicine , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China .
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Environmental Toxicology , the Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University , Lubbock , TX , USA .
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: d Luoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Luoyang , China , and.
authors.forename: Haisheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: e Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine , Zhengzhou , China.
authors.forename: Shanfa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China .
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000652:urine; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016482:Urinalysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Apoptosis; cytotoxicity; diesel engine exhaust; necrosis; nuclear division cytotoxicity index