title: Bioactivities of Ethanolic Extract and its Fractions of Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae) and Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) Species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae) and Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) have been used for treatment of some illnesses in Turkish folk medicine. In the present study, the ethanolic extract and its fractions obtained using re-extraction by hexane (Hx), chloroform (CHCl3), butanol, and remaining-water (r-H2O) of C. laurifolius were screened for their in vitro bioactivities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activities were determined against both standard and the isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, as well as yeasts such as Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis by microdilution method. Also, antiviral activity of C. laurifolius and S. wiedemannii extracts were tested on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) using Madin-Darby bovine kidney and vero cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tested extracts of C. laurifolius (minimum inhibitory concentration 32 μg/mL) exerted a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria of E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Hx extract of C. laurifolius (cytopathogenic effect of 32-8 μg/mL) had antiviral activity on PI-3. Also, the r-H2O, CHCl3, and ethanol extracts (16-<0.25 μg/mL) of S. wiedemannii had significant antiviral activity on HSV-1, same as control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of plant extracts used in folk medicineEthanolic extract and its fractions obtained using re-extraction by hexane (Hx), chloroform (CHCl3), butanol, and remaining-water (r-H2O) of Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae) and Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) were screened against both standard and the isolated strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, S. aureus, E. faecalis, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis by microdilution methodAntiviral activity were tested on HSV-1 and PI-3 using MDBK and Vero cell linesExtracts of C. laurifolius exerted a strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii(MIC; 32 μg/mL)The Hx extract of C. laurifolius had antiviral activity on PI-3 (CPE; 32-8 μg/mL). Also, the r-H2O, CHCl3, and ethanol extracts (16-<0.25 μg/mL) of S. wiedemannii had significant antiviral activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ustun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.lastname: Berrin-Ozcelik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baykal
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Cistus laurifolius; Salvia wiedemannii; antifungal activity; antiviral activity; cytotoxicity