title: Markers of Vitamin D Exposure and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
abstract: Vitamin D has been associated with reduced risk of many cancers, but evidence for esophageal cancer is mixed. To clarify the role of vitamin D, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of vitamin D exposures and esophageal neoplasia, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Barrett's esophagus, and squamous dysplasia. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to September 2015. Fifteen publications in relation to circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; n = 3], vitamin D intake (n = 4), UVB exposure (n = 1), and genetic factors (n = 7) were retrieved. Higher [25(OH)D] was associated with increased risk of cancer [adenocarcinoma or SCC, OR = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.74], with the majority of participants coming from China. No association was observed between vitamin D intake and risk of cancer overall (OR, 1.03; 0.65-1.42); however, a nonsignificantly increased risk for adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.45; 0.65-2.24) and nonsignificantly decreased risk for SCC (OR, 0.80; 0.48-1.12) were observed. One study reported a decreased risk of adenocarcinoma with higher UVB exposure. A decreased risk was found for VDR haplotype rs2238135(G)/rs1989969(T) carriers (OR, 0.45; 0.00-0.91), and a suggestive association was observed for rs2107301. In conclusion, no consistent associations were observed between vitamin D exposures and occurrence of esophageal lesions. Further adequately powered, well-designed studies are needed before conclusions can be made. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 877-86. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland. zgagal@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zgaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cantwell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Liam J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Center of Swallowing & Motility Disorders, Center of Excellence for Barrett's Esophagus, Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Prashanthi N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Thota
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D004032:Diet; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D