title: [Basal ganglia germinomas in children. Four clinical cases and a literature review].
abstract: Basal ganglia germinomas are a specific group of intracranial germinomas. Their early diagnosis is complicated due to their atypical localization and diversity of neuroimaging and clinical signs.
  
  
  
  We describe 4 cases of basal ganglia germinoma in boys of 13, 14, 15, and 16 years of age. The medical history data, clinical features, neuroimaging and histological characteristics of basal ganglia germonomas, and preliminary results of the treatment are presented.
  
  
  
  Basal ganglia germinomas are usually verified at the late stage of the disease when patients are detected with extended lesions of the basal ganglia and severe neurological and neuroendocrine deficits. This situation is due to clinical and imaging signs that are untypical of common germinomas.
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Konovalov
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Sh U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kadyrov
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tarasova
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mazerkina
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gorelyshev
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Khukhlaeva
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kobyakov
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Yu Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Trunin
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Sanakoeva
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Kholodov
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Shishkina
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Panina
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Ryzhova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*