title: Oral Propranolol for the Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas in the Post-Proliferative Phase: A-Single Center Retrospective Study of 31 Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumors affecting infants, and most IHs are self-limiting. However, there are cases that require specific treatment. Propranolol is now widely used to treat severe IHs. Several studies have shown the efficacy and limited side effects associated with propranolol as the first-line treatment for IHs. There are a limited number of publications describing the role of propranolol in treating IHs beyond the proliferative phase (>12 months). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and safety of oral high-dose (2.0 mg/kg per day) propranolol for IHs beyond the proliferative phase (>12 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled patients with IHs who accepted systemic propranolol treatment from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated China Medical University. This is a single-center retrospective study conducted from April 2011 to July 2015. All children who were older than 12 months were eligible for the study. Digital photographs taken before and after treatment were analyzed by a panel of 3 plastic surgeons. The esthetic results were evaluated using a 4-point scale and ranked as poor, moderate, good, or excellent. The patient follow-up visits were scheduled monthly, and changes in the size, texture, and color of the lesions were recorded. The adverse effects after medication were evaluated and managed accordingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We collected data on 31 eligible patients. The 31 patients had 32 hemangiomas (1 female patient had 2 lesions) and were treated with systemic propranolol at a high dose of 2 mg/kg per day. The mean age at the initiation of propranolol therapy was 18.4 months (range, 12 to 48 months), and the mean treatment duration was 10.1 months (range, 8 to 16 months). The treatment responses for the 32 hemangiomas included 17 excellent responses (53.1%), 8 good responses (25%), and 7 moderate responses (21.9%). There were no severe side effects encountered and recurrence was observed in 3 patients during the treatment and follow-up course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral propranolol, 2 mg/kg per day, is a safe and effective treatment for IHs beyond the proliferative phase (>12 months of age) in the Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Da-Peng
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Attending Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Mei
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Professor and Chairman, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Electronic address: wangxukai757892@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xu-Kai
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D011433:Propranolol