title: Immune gene expression in swine macrophages expressing the Torque Teno Sus Virus1 (TTSuV1) ORF-1 and 2 proteins.
abstract: Torque Teno viruses (TTVs) are small DNA viruses which are ubiquitous in nature. Recent reports indicate that swine torque teno viruses (TTSuVs) can act as primary pathogens or play a role in exacerbating co-infections. However, very little is known about the TTSuV host-viral interaction or how they so successfully establish chronic infections in the host. To determine whether the major viral proteins can modulate host immunity, recombinant TTSuV1 ORF1 and 2 proteins were expressed in a swine macrophage cell line (3D4/31). The differential expression of a panel of innate, adaptive, regulatory and inflammatory immune genes was studied by quantitative PCR; using cDNA samples collected at 6, 12, 24 and 48h post-transfection. The ORF1 protein induced an early anti-viral response. However, at 6h post-transfection it also upregulated IL-10, PD-1 and SOCS-1, the suppressors of T cell mediated immunity. An ensuing diminishment of the early protective response was noted. The TTSuV1 ORF2 protein suppressed IFN-β and IL-13 responses but did not significantly influence anti-viral immunity otherwise. These findings indicate that the TTSuV1 ORF1 protein plays a significant but dual role in viral immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States. Electronic address: Sheela.ramamoorthy@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: Sheela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramamoorthy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000276:immunology*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D014764:Viral Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016899:Interferon-beta
keywords: Cytokine; ELISA; Gene expression; Porcine; TTSuV1; Torque teno viruses; qPCR