title: Tsetse Flies (Glossina) as Vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Review.
abstract: Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) transmitted by the tsetse fly continues to be a public health issue, despite more than a century of research. There are two types of the disease, the chronic gambiense and the acute rhodesiense-HAT. Fly abundance and distribution have been affected by changes in land-use patterns and climate. However, disease transmission still continues. Here, we review some aspects of HAT ecoepidemiology in the context of altered infestation patterns and maintenance of the transmission cycle as well as emerging options in disease and vector control.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Biotechnology Research Institute, P.O. Box 362, Muguga 00902, Kenya.
authors.forename: Florence Njeri
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3264-1940
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Wamwiri
authors.affiliation: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Biotechnology Research Institute, P.O. Box 362, Muguga 00902, Kenya.
authors.forename: Robert Emojong
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Changasi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003223:Congo; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D014347:Trypanosoma brucei gambiense / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016833:Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000469:parasitology / Q000472:pathogenicity*