title: PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LINEAGES OF THE CERAMIACEAE (CERAMIALES, RHODOPHYTA) BASED ON NUCLEAR SMALL SUBUNIT rDNA SEQUENCE DATA(1).
abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among 69 species of the Ceramiales (51 Ceramiaceae, six Dasyaceae, seven Delesseriaceae, and five Rhodomelaceae) were determined based on nuclear SSU rDNA sequence data. We resolved five strongly supported but divergent lineages among the included Ceramiaceae: (i) the genus Inkyuleea, which weakly joins other orders of the Rhodymeniophycidae rather than the Ceramiales in our analyses; (ii) the tribe Spyridieae, which is sister to the remainder of the included ceramialean taxa; (iii) the subfamily Ceramioideae, weakly including the tribe Warrenieae; (iv) the subfamily Callithamnioideae; and (v) the subfamily Compsothamnioideae, which emerges as sister to the Dasyaceae/Delesseriaceae/Rhodomelaceae complex, thus rendering the Ceramiaceae sensu lato unequivocally paraphyletic, as has been argued separately on anatomical grounds by Kylin and Hommersand. Our data support a restricted concept of the Ceramiaceae that includes only one of the five lineages (Ceramioideae) that we have resolved. In addition to failing to ally with the Ceramiales in our molecular analyses, species of Inkyuleea differ substantially from other Ceramiaceae sensu lato in details of pre- and postfertilization development. The genus Inkyuleea is here assigned to the Inkyuleeaceae fam. nov., which we provisionally retain in the Ceramiales. Species of Spyridia also differ from the remaining Ceramiaceae in their postfertilization development, and, in light of our molecular data, the genus Spyridia is assigned to the Spyridiaceae. The Callithamnioideae is strongly monophyletic (100% in all analyses), which, in combination with key anatomical differences, supports elevation to family status for this lineage as the Callithamniaceae. Similarly, the Compsothamnioideae is solidly monophyletic in our molecular trees and has a unique suite of defining anatomical characters that supports family status for a complex that we consider to include the tribes Compsothamnieae, Dasyphileae, Griffithsieae, Monosporeae, Ptiloteae, Spermothamnieae, Sphondylothamnieae, Spongoclonieae, and Wrangelieae, for which the reinstated family name Wrangeliaceae is available.
authors.affiliation: Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, KoreaSchool of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, AustraliaDepartment of Biology, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, KoreaThe Martin Ryan Institute, The National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandCentre for Environmental & Molecular Algal Research, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3.
authors.forename: Han-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, KoreaSchool of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, AustraliaDepartment of Biology, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, KoreaThe Martin Ryan Institute, The National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandCentre for Environmental & Molecular Algal Research, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3.
authors.forename: Gerald T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.affiliation: Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, KoreaSchool of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, AustraliaDepartment of Biology, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, KoreaThe Martin Ryan Institute, The National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandCentre for Environmental & Molecular Algal Research, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3.
authors.forename: Hyung-Seop
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, KoreaSchool of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, AustraliaDepartment of Biology, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, KoreaThe Martin Ryan Institute, The National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandCentre for Environmental & Molecular Algal Research, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Guiry
authors.affiliation: Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, KoreaSchool of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, AustraliaDepartment of Biology, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, KoreaThe Martin Ryan Institute, The National University of Ireland, Galway, IrelandCentre for Environmental & Molecular Algal Research, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3.
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Saunders
keywords: Callithamniaceae; Ceramiaceae; Ceramiales; Inkyuleeaceae fam. nov.; Rhodophyta; Spyridiaceae; Wrangeliaceae; nuclear small subunit rDNA; phylogeny; systematics