title: In situ detection of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques for auxiliary diagnosis of canine and feline gangliosidoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GM1 and GM2 gangliosidoses are progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases resulting from the excessive accumulation of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides in the lysosomes, respectively. The diagnosis of gangliosidosis is carried out based on comprehensive findings using various types of specimens for histological, ultrastructural, biochemical and genetic analyses. Therefore, the partial absence or lack of specimens might have resulted in many undiagnosed cases. The aim of the present study was to establish immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques for the auxiliary diagnosis of canine and feline gangliosidoses, using paraffin-embedded brain specimens stored for a long period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, cytoplasmic accumulation of pale to eosinophilic granular materials in swollen neurons was observed in animals previously diagnosed with GM1 or GM2 gangliosidosis. The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques developed in this study clearly demonstrated the accumulated material to be either GM1 or GM2 ganglioside.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques using stored paraffin-embedded brain specimens are useful for the retrospective diagnosis of GM1 and GM2 gangliosidoses in dogs and cats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Moeko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yabuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Animal Referral Medical Center, 208-4 Shin-arami, Tai, Kumiyama-cho, Kuse-gun, Kyoto, 613-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyouman-chou, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyouman-chou, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimimasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan. osam@vet.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000662:veterinary; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000378:metabolism*; D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside / Q000378:metabolism*; D005733:Gangliosidoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside
keywords: Cat; Dog; Gangliosidosis; Immunofluorescence; Immunohistochemistry; Lysosomal Storage Disease