title: A design thinking approach to evaluating interprofessional education.
abstract: The complex challenge of evaluating the impact of interprofessional education (IPE) on patient and community health outcomes is well documented. Recently, at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in the United States, leaders in health professions education met to help generate a direction for future IPE evaluation research. Participants followed the stages of design thinking, a process for human-centred problem solving, to reach consensus on recommendations. The group concluded that future studies should focus on measuring an intermediate step between learning activities and patient outcomes. Specifically, knowing how IPE-prepared students and preceptors influence the organisational culture of a clinical site as well as how the culture of clinical sites influences learners' attitudes about collaborative practice will demonstrate the value of educational interventions. With a mixed methods approach and an appreciation for context, researchers will be able to identify the factors that foster effective collaborative practice and, by extension, promote patient-centred care.
authors.affiliation: a MGH Institute of Health Professions , Office of the Provost , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Cahn
authors.affiliation: b School of Pharmacy , University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bzowyckyj
authors.affiliation: c Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: d Center for Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Care , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.affiliation: e Center for Primary Care , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodell
authors.affiliation: a MGH Institute of Health Professions , Office of the Provost , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Alex F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: f Physician Assistant Studies , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas , USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klocko
authors.affiliation: g MGH Institute of Health Professions , Center for Interprofessional Studies and Innovation , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knab
authors.affiliation: h Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: i Centre for Health and Social Care Research , Kingston University and St. George's, University of London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.affiliation: j Center for Health Sciences Interprofessional Education, Research, and Practice , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA.
authors.forename: Brenda K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Zierler
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003479:Curriculum; D005178:Faculty / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D015279:Organizational Culture; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011340:Problem Solving; D013192:Staff Development / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: Design thinking; interprofessional collaborative practice; interprofessional education; organisational culture; program evaluation