title: Effects of blue light on pigment biosynthesis of Monascus.
abstract: The influence of different illumination levels of blue light on the growth and intracellular pigment yields of Monascus strain M9 was investigated. Compared with darkness, constant exposure to blue light of 100 lux reduced the yields of six pigments, namely, rubropunctatamine (RUM), monascorubramine (MOM), rubropunctatin (RUN), monascorubrin (MON), monascin (MS), and ankaflavin (AK). However, exposure to varying levels of blue light had different effects on pigment production. Exposure to 100 lux of blue light once for 30 min/day and to 100 lux of blue light once and twice for 15 min/day could enhance RUM, MOM, MS, and AK production and reduce RUN and MON compared with non-exposure. Exposure to 100 lux twice for 30 min/day and to 200 lux once for 45 min/day decreased the RUM, MOM, MS, and AK yields and increased the RUN and MON. Meanwhile, the expression levels of pigment biosynthetic genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Results indicated that gene MpPKS5, mppR1, mppA, mppB, mmpC, mppD, MpFasA, MpFasB, and mppF were positively correlated with the yields of RUN and MON, whereas mppE and mppR2 were associated with RUM, MOM, MS, and AK production.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chunmao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mianhua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shufen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenjing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. clw123@tust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Changlu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000378:metabolism; D005415:Flavins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D032741:Monascus / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D001578:Benzopyrans; D005415:Flavins; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D010860:Pigments, Biological; C499916:ankaflavin; C556146:rubropunctatin; C522768:monascorubrin; C517880:monascin
keywords: Monascus; biosynthetic genes; blue light; illumination level; pigments