title: A Path to Insulin Independence: "The End of the Beginning".
abstract: Widespread application of β cell replacement to obtain insulin independence in people with type 1 diabetes requires an unlimited source of insulin-producing cells and the ability to block the pathological immune response. Recent reports in Nature Medicine and Nature Biotechnology present a creative bioengineering strategy for achieving these goals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: peter.stock@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: German
mesh_terms: D057005:Bioengineering / Q000639:trends*; D001709:Biotechnology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin