title: Risk factors for periventricular echodensities and outcomes in preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence, risk factors and outcomes associated with transient and/or persistent periventricular echodensities (PVED) among preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of preterm infants born at ≤ 32 weeks gestational age (GA) with PVED and no other brain pathology were reviewed and compared to matched control infants in a case-controlled retrospective study. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 8-24 months corrected age were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 17.8% incidence of PVED was recorded, with the highest incidence of 30-40% recorded at 29-31 weeks GA. Study and control groups were similar for all maternal parameters and neonatal morbidities, except for a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome among the study group. PVED at one month of age was predicted by 5 min Apgar score < 7 [OR = 33.78 (CI 2.94-388.06, p = 0.005)]. PVED was not associated with long-term neurodevelopmental disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No risk factors or specific associated morbidities were identified among preterm infants with transient PVED. PVED at one month of age was predicted by low 5 min Apgar scores, possibly suggesting different pathogenesis or timing between the groups. Long-term outcome studies are needed to determine PVED impact.
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Gan , Israel , and.
authors.forename: Noga
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kolnik
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Gan , Israel , and.|b Department of Neonatology , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel.
authors.forename: Tzipora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Gan , Israel , and.|b Department of Neonatology , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Globus
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Gan , Israel , and.|b Department of Neonatology , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leibovitch
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Gan , Israel , and.|b Department of Neonatology , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel.
authors.forename: Irit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schushan-Eisen
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Gan , Israel , and.|b Department of Neonatology , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morag
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Gan , Israel , and.|b Department of Neonatology , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel.
authors.forename: Ayala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maayan-Metzger
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Brain pathology; head ultrasound; risk factors