title: Risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite based nanomedicine for osteoporosis.
abstract: Targeting of superior osteogenic drugs to bone is an ideal approach for treatment of osteoporosis. Here, we investigated the potential of using risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite (ZnHA) nanoparticles based formulation in a rat model of experimental osteoporosis. Risedronate, a targeting moiety that has a strong affinity for bone, was loaded to ZnHA nanoparticles by adsorption method. Prepared risedronate/ZnHA drug formulation was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vivo performance of the prepared risedronate/ZnHA nanoparticles was tested in an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Therapy with risedronate/ZnHA drug formulation prevented increase in serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b better than risedronate/HA or risedronate. With respect to improvement in the mechanical strength of the femoral mid-shaft and correction of increase in urine calcium and creatinine levels, the therapy with risedronate/ZnHA drug formulation was more effective than risedronate/HA or risedronate therapy. Moreover, risedronate/ZnHA drug therapy preserved the cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture better than risedronate/HA or risedronate therapy. Furthermore, risedronate/ZnHA drug formulation showed higher values of calcium/phosphorous ratio and zinc content. The results strongly implicate that risedronate/ZnHA drug formulation has a therapeutic advantage over risedronate or risedronate/HA therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560027, India. Electronic address: deepak_kumarkhajuria@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Deepak Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Khajuria
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560027, India.
authors.forename: Choudhary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Disha
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
authors.forename: Ramakrishna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vasireddi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560027, India.
authors.forename: Rema
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Razdan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
authors.forename: D Roy
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000068296:Risedronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017886:Durapatite; D003404:Creatinine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C000605512:Acp5 protein, rat; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D015032:Zinc; D000068296:Risedronic Acid; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Nanomedicine; Osteoporosis; Rat model; Risedronate; Zinc-hydroxyapatite