title: Similarities between emotional dysregulation in adults suffering from ADHD and bipolar patients.
abstract: Emotional dysregulation in subjects with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a topic of growing interest among clinicians and researchers. The present study aims at investigating components of emotional dysregulation in adults ADHD compared to subjects suffering from bipolar disorder (BD).
  
  
  
  A total of 150 adults ADHD, 335 adults BD subjects and 48 controls were assessed using the Affective Lability Scale (ALS) and the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), measuring respectively emotion lability and emotion responsiveness.
  
  
  
  ADHD and BD subjects scored significantly higher on the ALS compared to controls (p=0.0001). BD subjects scored above ADHD ones (3.07 (SD=0.66) vs. 2.30 (SD=0.68); p<0.0001). The average total scores achieved on the AIM were significantly different for the three groups (p=0.0001) with significantly higher scores for ADHD subjects compared to BD ones (3.74 (SD=0.59) vs. 3.56 (SD=0.69); p<0.0001).
  
  
  
  Suspected cases of ADHD in the BD and control groups were derived from the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). This study is a retrospective one.
  
  
  
  Our study thus highlights the importance of emotional dysregulation in adults suffering from ADHD, showing that they display higher emotional intensity than bipolar disorder subjects and controls. Although the current diagnostic criteria of ADHD do not contain an emotional dimension, a better recognition of the significance of emotional responsiveness in ADHD patients can improve the care afforded to these patients, beyond the inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive components.
authors.affiliation: Service of psychiatric specialties, Department of mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: helene.richard-lepouriel@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richard-Lepouriel
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Créteil 94000, France; Fondation Fondamental, Créteil 94000, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Etain
authors.affiliation: Service of psychiatric specialties, Department of mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasler
authors.affiliation: Fondation Fondamental, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, 75010 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellivier
authors.affiliation: Fondation Fondamental, Créteil 94000, France; Hôpital Charles Perrens, Service de psychiatrie adulte, Pôle 3-4-7, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gard
authors.affiliation: Fondation Fondamental, Créteil 94000, France; Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, CHU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy 54500, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Service of psychiatric specialties, Department of mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prada
authors.affiliation: Service of psychiatric specialties, Department of mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rosetta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicastro
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Treatment Plan Unit and Division of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ardu
authors.affiliation: Service of psychiatric specialties, Department of mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dayer
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Créteil 94000, France; Fondation Fondamental, Créteil 94000, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leboyer
authors.affiliation: Service of psychiatric specialties, Department of mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.affiliation: Service of psychiatric specialties, Department of mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perroud
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Créteil 94000, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité Perception et Mémoire, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: ADHD; Affective intensity; Affective lability; Emotion; Mood disorders; Psychiatry