title: Motion compensated controller for a tendon-sheath-driven flexible endoscopic robot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A tendon-sheath system (TSS) has the advantages of being relatively compact in size, flexible and low cost, and therefore is favoured in building flexible endoscopic robots to pass through long and tortuous human lumen. TSS, however, is prone to nonlinear behaviors such as backlash, hysteresis and direction dependent properties. A compensation technique is required to improve its positioning performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tension and elongation models of TSS are analyzed. A feedforward motion compensation controller is designed to compensate the asymmetric backlash behavior of the TSS in real time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motion tracking experiments were conducted on a TSS driven two DOFs continuum manipulator. The results showed that using the proposed compensation methods, tracking error can be reduced by 74%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed compensation method is useful for controlling flexible continuum robots, which are anticipated to have emerging roles in assisting surgeons to perform the increasingly technically challenging endoscopic procedures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.|Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Carmen C Y
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yam
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: P W Y
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9292-112X
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009038:Motion; D056888:Patient Positioning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: continuum robot; endoscopic surgery; motion compensation; tendon-sheath system