title: Anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the traditional herbal formula Gwakhyangjeonggi‑san via enhancement of heme oxygenase‑1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages.
abstract: Gwakhyangjeonggi‑san (GHJGS) is a mixture of herbal plants, including Agastache rugosa, Perilla frutescens, Angelica dahurica, Areca catechu, Poria cocos, Magnolia officinalis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Citrus reticulata, Pinellia ternata, Platycodon grandiflorum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ziziphus jujuba and Zingiber officinale. GHJGS has been used for treating diarrhea‑predominant irritable bowel syndrome in traditional Korean medicine. In the present study, the anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects of GHJGS were investigated using the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. GHJGS significantly reduced production of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin‑6 and prostaglandin E2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated macrophages. GHJGS markedly suppressed LPS‑induced phosphorylation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases, whereas it had no effect on nuclear factor‑κB activation. Furthermore, GHJGS enhanced expression of heme oxygenase‑1 and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that GHJGS is a viable therapeutic agent against inflammation and oxidative stress‑associated disorders.
authors.affiliation: KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ohn-Soon
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae-Rom
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Seob
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeun-Kyoo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C587827:gwakhyangjeonggi-san; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D015232:Dinoprostone