title: [Influencing factors of visual hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease and its relationship with sleep disorders].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of visual hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD), and to analyze the relationship between visual hallucinations and sleep disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 187 patients with PD(H-Y Ⅰ-Ⅲ) from outpatient department in Beijing Hospital. The patients were investigated for general information and the use of medicine. The patients were divided into visual hallucination(VH) group and non-hallucination(non-VH) group. A comparison study was conducted between two groups. We investigated the sleep disorders of PD patients according to Non Motor Symptom Quest(NMSquest) and Parkinson's disease sleep scale(PDSS). Logistic stepwise multiple regression procedures were used to determine the best predictive model of visual hallucinations in patients with PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) 42 cases(22.5%) of PD patients were accompanied by visual hallucinations; (2) the VH group and non-VH group had no difference in age, sex, duration of illness, the scores of Minimum Mental State Examination(MMSE) and levodopa equivalent doses (LED). The scores of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) Ⅰ, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD) in VH group were significantly higher than those in non-VH group[3.5(2, 5) vs 2 (1, 3); 10(6.75, 15) vs 8(5, 11); 11(7.75, 17) vs 9(5, 13); P<0.05]; (3) the incidences of vivid dreams and REM sleep behavior disorder(RBD) in VH group were significantly higher than those in non-VH group(61.9% vs 40.7%, 71.4% vs 47.6%, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in incidences of excessive daytime sleepiness and restless legs between two groups(P>0.05). The score of PDSS in VH group was significantly lower than that in non-VH group[111(92.75, 128.25) vs 123(109, 135), P<0.05]; (4) the Logistic stepwise multiple regression revealed that vivid dreams(P=0.045) and the score of PDSS(P=0.006) were the independent influencing factors for VH in PD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of VH in PD with H-Y staging Ⅰ-Ⅱ is 22.5%. The presence of vivid dreams and severe sleep disorder are independently associated with VH in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006212:Hallucinations; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology