title: Water soluble and insoluble components of urban PM2.5 and their cytotoxic effects on epithelial cells (A549) in vitro.
abstract: When PM2.5 enters human bodies, the water soluble (WS-PM2.5) and insoluble components (WIS-PM2.5) of PM2.5 would interact with cells and cause adverse effects. However, the knowledge about the individual toxicity contribution of these two components is limited. In this study, the physiochemical properties of PM2.5 were well characterized. The toxic effects of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5, which include the cell viability, cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and morphological changes, were examined with human lung epithelial A549 cells in vitro. The results indicated that WS-PM2.5 could induce the early response of ROS generation, multiplied mitochondria and multi-lamellar bodies in A549 cells, which might cause cell damage through oxidative stress. Meanwhile, WIS-PM2.5 was predominantly associated with the cell membrane disruption, which might lead to the cell damage through cell-particle interactions. Moreover, the synergistic cytotoxic effects of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5 were observed at longer exposure time. These findings demonstrate the different cytotoxicity mechanisms of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5, which suggest that not only the size and dosage of PM2.5 but also the solubility of PM2.5 should be taken into consideration when evaluating the toxicity of PM2.5.
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yajuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Chengyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Jiaru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China. Electronic address: bshzhu@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bangshang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014867:Water
keywords: A549 cells; Cytotoxic effects; PM(2.5); Water insoluble components; Water soluble components