title: Effect of picroside II on erythrocyte deformability and lipid peroxidation in rats subjected to hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) in hind limb is a frequent and important clinical phenomenon. Many structural and functional damages are observed in cells and tissues in these kinds of injuries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of picroside II on lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte deformability during I/R in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomly divided into four groups - each containing six animals (sham, I/R, sham + picroside II, and I/R + picroside II). The infrarenal section of the abdominal aorta was occluded with an atraumatic microvascular clamp in I/R groups. The clamp was removed after 120 minutes and reperfusion was provided for a further 120 minutes. Picroside II (10 mg·kg(-1)) was administered intraperitoneally to the animals in the appropriate groups (sham + picroside II, I/R + picroside II groups). All rats were euthanized by intraperitoneal administration of ketamine (100 mg·kg(-1)) and taking blood from the abdominal aorta. Erythrocytes were extracted from heparinized complete blood samples. Buffer (PT) and then erythrocytes (PE) were passed through the filtration system and the changes in pressure were measured to investigate the role of serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) in lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte deformability index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deformability index was significantly increased in the I/R group compared to groups sham, sham + picroside-II, and I/R + picroside-II (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, and P=0.007). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels were evaluated. MDA level and NO activity were also higher in the I/R group than in the other groups. Picroside II treatment before hind limb I/R prevented these changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support that deformability of erythrocytes is decreased in I/R injury and picroside II plays a critical role to prevent these alterations. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to evaluate and clarify the molecular mechanisms of action and clinical importance of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kirikkale University Medical Faculty, Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faruk Metin
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Çomu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yiğit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kılıç
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Necip Fazıl State Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirişçi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Doğan
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Hakan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zor
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Kütahyav.
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Küçük
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University Medical Faculty, Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boyunağa
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arslan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000187:drug effects*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; C416837:picroside II
keywords: erythrocyte deformability; hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury; lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde; nitric oxide; picroside II