title: A novel strain of cynomolgus macaque cytomegalovirus: implications for host-virus co-evolution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegaloviruses belong to a large, ancient, genus of DNA viruses comprised of a wide array of species-specific strains that occur in diverse array of hosts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we sequenced the ~217 Kb genome of a cytomegalovirus isolated from a Mauritius cynomolgus macaque, CyCMV Mauritius, and compared it to previously sequenced cytomegaloviruses from a cynomolgus macaque of Filipino origin (CyCMV Ottawa) and two from Indian rhesus macaques (RhCMV 180.92 and RhCMV 68-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Though more closely related to CyCMV Ottawa, CyCMV Mauritius is less genetically distant from both RhCMV strains than is CyCMV Ottawa. Several individual genes, including homologues of CMV genes RL11B, UL123, UL83b, UL84 and a homologue of mammalian COX-2, show a closer relationship between homologues of CyCMV Mauritius and the RhCMVs than between homologues of CyCMV Mauritius and CyCMV Ottawa. A broader phylogenetic analysis of 12 CMV strains from eight species recovers evolutionary relationships among viral strains that mirror those amongst the host species, further demonstrating co-evolution of host and virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phylogenetic analyses of rhesus and cynomolgus macaque CMV genome sequences demonstrate co-speciation of the virus and host.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Justen N Hoffman
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Angie K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.|Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Willer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.|Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada.|Present Address: Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3M4, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Aruna P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ambagala
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Misko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.|Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacqueline K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: National HIV & Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pilon
authors.affiliation: Scientific Services Division, Health Products & Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0L2, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brudno
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.|Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antony
authors.affiliation: National HIV & Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandstrom
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, McMaster University, Life Sciences Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada. kelly.macdonald@umanitoba.ca.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada. kelly.macdonald@umanitoba.ca.|Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada. kelly.macdonald@umanitoba.ca.|Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9, MB, Canada. kelly.macdonald@umanitoba.ca.|Present Address: University of Manitoba, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Room 501, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, R3E 0J9, MB, Canada. kelly.macdonald@umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Kelly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000821:virology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Co-evolution; Co-speciation; Cynomolgus macaque; Cytomegalovirus; Phylogenetics