title: Role of pH Changes on Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Release and on the Fibrin Architecture of Platelet-rich Fibrin When Layered with Biodentine, Glass Ionomer Cement, and Intermediate Restorative Material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH that is due to setting reaction of Biodentine, glass ionomer cement (GIC), and intermediate restorative material (IRM) on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) release and on the fibrin architecture of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  PRF was obtained from 8 volunteers and layered over the freshly prepared GIC, IRM, and Biodentine mixtures. TGF-β1 release was estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fibrin structure of PRF was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope at 1 and 5 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biodentine, GIC, and IRM increased the TGF-β1 release in comparison with that of control group (PRF alone) at both 1 and 5 hours. Biodentine released significantly more TGF-β1 than GIC and IRM at 1 hour. At 5 hours both GIC and Biodentine released significantly more TGF-β1 than IRM. The fibrin architecture of the Biodentine group was similar to that of control group at both 1 and 5 hours. In GIC and IRM groups the fibrillar structure of fibrin was collapsed, ill-defined, and cloudy with very thick fibers and irregularly reduced porosities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodentine induces larger amount of TGF-β1 release and also maintains the integrity of fibrin structure when compared with GIC and IRM when layered over PRF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mullaguri
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: nandini_80@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nandini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Smitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Surendran
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Natanasabapathy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Velmurugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Selvarajan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chitra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005337:Fibrin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003764:Dental Materials; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D017640:Silicates; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C506393:tricalcium silicate; D005337:Fibrin
keywords: Biodentine; fibrin architecture; glass ionomer cement; intermediate restorative material; platelet rich fibrin; transforming growth factor-β1