title: Usage patterns of paracetamol in France.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to describe the real-life usage patterns of paracetamol.
  
  
  
  The Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires (EGB) database, the permanent 1/97 representative sample from the French national healthcare insurance system, was searched in 2011 to identify usage patterns, concomitant chronic diseases and use of cardiovascular medication in users prescribed single-ingredient (SP) and combination (CP) paracetamol, representing 85% of all sales.
  
  
  
  Of 526 108 subjects aged ≥15 years in the EGB, 268 725 (51%) had paracetamol dispensed on ≥1 occasion; of these, 207 707 (77%) were dispensed only SP and 61 018 (23%) received CP with or without SP. SP users were younger (48.3 years vs. 50.5 years), and 57% of SP users vs. 58% of CP users were female. Chronic comorbidities were more common in CP than SP users. SP users had, on average, 3.4 dispensings per year vs. 5.0 for CP users, for 36 defined daily doses (DDD, 3 g) of SP vs. 53 DDD per year for CP; 49% SP users bought 14 DDD or fewer; 15% bought >60 DDD. Use of paracetamol increased with age from about 16 DDD per year in 15-30-year-olds to over 90 DDD per year in patients above the age of 75; 53% of patients ≤60 years bought fewer than 14 DDD per year, whereas 55% of those >60 bought more than 30 DDD per year. More than half the dispensings exceeded the legal per-box limit of 8 g.
  
  
  
  Over 50% of the French adult population were dispensed paracetamol at least once over the course of a year, generally for short-term use. Considering recent misgivings on the real efficacy and safety of paracetamol, such widespread use might have important public health consequences.
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Pharmacoepi, Université de Bordeaux, BP 40 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM U1219, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Pharmacoepi, Université de Bordeaux, BP 40 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Sinem Ezgi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8815-9128
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gulmez
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1219, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Pharmacoepi, Université de Bordeaux, BP 40 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM CIC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|ADERA, 33400, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Abdelilah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abouelfath
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Pharmacoepi, Université de Bordeaux, BP 40 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM CIC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|ADERA, 33400, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lassalle
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Pharmacoepi, Université de Bordeaux, BP 40 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM CIC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|ADERA, 33400, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Droz
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Pharmacoepi, Université de Bordeaux, BP 40 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM CIC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|ADERA, 33400, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blin
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux Pharmacoepi, Université de Bordeaux, BP 40 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM U1219, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.|Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France.|INSERM CIC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, BP 36 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1212-2817
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000082:Acetaminophen
keywords: adults; drug utilization; paracetamol; risk factors