title: Updates of Topical and Local Anesthesia Agents.
abstract: As described in this article, there are many advances in topical and local anesthesia. Topical and local anesthetics have played a great role in dentistry in alleviating the fears of patients, eliminating pain, and providing pain control. Many invasive procedures would not be performed without the use and advances of topical/local anesthetics. The modern-day dentist has the responsibility of knowing the variety of products on the market and should have at least references to access before, during, and after treatment. This practice ensures proper care with topical and local anesthetics for the masses of patients entering dental offices worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 DeKalb Avenue, Box 187, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. Electronic address: raboycedds@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 DeKalb Avenue, Box 187, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirpalani
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 DeKalb Avenue, Box 187, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D010146:Pain
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local
keywords: Adverse drug response; Auxiliary techniques; Intraosseous injections; Intrasulcular infusion; Local anesthetic overdose; Periodontal anesthetics; Potency/toxicity; Topical and local anesthetics; Trigger point injections