title: Genetic polymorphisms within exon 3 of heat shock protein 90AA1 gene and its association with heat tolerance traits in Sahiwal cows.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to identify novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 3 of HSP90AA1 gene and to analyze their association with respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) in Sahiwal cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was carried out in Sahiwal cows (n=100) with the objectives to identify novel SNP in exon 3 of HSP90AA1 gene and to explore the association with heat tolerance traits. CLUSTAL-W multiple sequence analysis was used to identify novel SNPs in exon 3 of HSP90AA1 gene in Sahiwal cows. Gene and genotype frequencies of different genotypes were estimated by standard procedure POPGENE version 1.32 (University of Alberta, Canada). The significant effect of SNP variants on physiological parameters, e.g. RR and RT were analyzed using the General Linear model procedure of SAS Version 9.2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The polymerase chain reaction product with the amplicon size of 450 bp was successfully amplified, covering exon 3 region of HSP90AA1 gene in Sahiwal cows. On the basis of comparative sequence analysis of Sahiwal samples (n=100), transitional mutations were detected at locus A1209G as compared to Bos taurus (NCBI GenBank AC_000178.1). After chromatogram analysis, three genotypes AA, AG, and GG with respective frequencies of 0.23, 0.50, and 0.27 ascertained. RR and RT were recorded once during probable extreme hours in winter, spring, and summer seasons. It was revealed that significant difference (p<0.01) among genetic variants of HSP90AA1 gene with heat tolerance trait was found in Sahiwal cattle. The homozygotic animals with AA genotype had lower heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) (1.78±0.04(a)), as compared to both AG and GG genotypes (1.85±0.03(b) and 1.91±0.02(c)), respectively. The gene and genotype frequencies for the locus A1209G were ascertained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel SNP was found at the A1209G position showed all possible three genotypes (homozygous and heterozygous). Temperature humidity index has a highly significant association with RR, RT, and HTC in all the seasons. Perusal of results across different seasons showed the significant (p<0.01) difference in RR, RT, and HTC among winter, spring, and summer seasons. Genetic association with heat tolerance traits reveals their importance as a potential genetic marker for heat tolerance traits in Sahiwal cows.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Cattle Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Cattle Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Cattle Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Cattle Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Cattle Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vineeth
keywords: HSP90AA1; Sahiwal cattle; heat stress; heat tolerance coefficient; polymorphisms