title: Single nucleotide markers of D-loop for identification of Indian wild pig (Sus scrofa cristatus).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Partial fragment of D-loop region extending from 35 to 770 were compared with corresponding sequences of 16 wild pigs and 9 domestic pig breeds from different parts of the world for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the region. The paper also reappraises SNP markers from two fragments of cytochrome b gene and a fragment 12S rRNA gene distinguishing the Indian wild pig from other pig species of the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from 14 and 12 tissue samples of Indian wild and domestic pigs, respectively, collected from Central India for characterization of the D-loop DNA sequences using universal primers. The sequences obtained were aligned along with the retrieved sequences to analyze species-specific SNP marker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 58 mitochondrial D-loop gene sequences of pig races were aligned to identify 1349 polymorphic sites in the fragment from nucleotide positions 35-770 bp and four SNP markers were identified to differentiate Indian wild pig from all the sequences investigated in this study. With the inclusion of cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA gene fragments, the present study contributes to the total 15 SNP markers, which have been identified in the mitochondrial fragment of 1936 bp for identification of Indian wild pig.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNP markers have advantages over other marker types and do not require subsequent standardization to compare data across studies or laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Wildlife Forensic and Health, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Centre for Wildlife Forensic and Health, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajput
authors.affiliation: Centre for Wildlife Forensic and Health, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kajal Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Jadav
authors.affiliation: Centre for Wildlife Forensic and Health, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Avadh Bihari
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shrivastav
authors.affiliation: Centre for Wildlife Forensic and Health, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Joshi
keywords: D-loop; Indian wild pig; single nucleotide markers; species identification