title: Structural Variation in Surface-Supported Synthesis by Adjusting the Stoichiometric Ratio of the Reactants.
abstract: Surface-supported coupling reactions between 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene and aromatic amines have been investigated on Au(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. Upon annealing to moderate temperatures, various products, involving the discrete oligomers and the surface covalent organic frameworks, are obtained through thermal-triggered on-surface chemical reactions. We conclude from the systematic experiments that the stoichiometric composition of the reactants is vital to the surface reaction products, which is rarely reported so far. With this knowledge, we have successfully prepared two-dimensional covalently bonded networks by optimizing the stoichiometric proportions of the reaction precursors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongmiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zeyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Youyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongshu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chi
keywords: aldehyde−amine coupling; on-surface chemistry; scanning tunneling microscopy; stoichiometric ratio; two-dimensional framework