title: Cerebellar sub-divisions differ in exercise-induced plasticity of noradrenergic axons and in their association with resilience to activity-based anorexia.
abstract: The vermis or "spinocerebellum" receives input from the spinal cord and motor cortex for controlling balance and locomotion, while the longitudinal hemisphere region or "cerebro-cerebellum" is interconnected with non-motor cortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex that underlies decision-making. Noradrenaline release in the cerebellum is known to be important for motor plasticity but less is known about plasticity of the cerebellar noradrenergic (NA) system, itself. We characterized plasticity of dopamine β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive NA fibers in the cerebellum of adolescent female rats that are evoked by voluntary wheel running, food restriction (FR) or by both, in combination. When 8 days of wheel access was combined with FR during the last 4 days, some responded with excessive exercise, choosing to run even during the hours of food access: this exacerbated weight loss beyond that due to FR alone. In the vermis, exercise, with or without FR, shortened the inter-varicosity intervals and increased varicosity density along NA fibers, while excessive exercise, due to FR, also shortened NA fibers. In contrast, the hemisphere required the FR-evoked excessive exercise to evoke shortened inter-varicosity intervals along NA fibers and this change was exhibited more strongly by rats that suppressed the FR-evoked excessive exercise, a behavior that minimized weight loss. Presuming that shortened inter-varicosity intervals translate to enhanced NA release and synthesis of norepinephrine, this enhancement in the cerebellar hemisphere may contribute towards protection of individuals from the life-threatening activity-based anorexia via relays with higher-order cortical areas that mediate the animal's decision to suppress the innate FR-evoked hyperactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. hn435@nyu.edu.|Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA. hn435@nyu.edu.|Brain Mechanisms for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan. hn435@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Hermina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nedelescu
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.|Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Tara G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Gauri S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wable
authors.affiliation: Brain Mechanisms for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arbuthnott
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA. ca3@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Chiye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D059331:Adrenergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065814:Cerebellar Vermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D009043:Motor Activity; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Activity-based anorexia; Cerebellum; Exercise; Food restriction; Noradrenergic axons; Voluntary wheel running