title: Symmetry Analysis of Gait between Left and Right Limb Using Cross-Fuzzy Entropy.
abstract: The purpose of this paper is the investigation of gait symmetry problem by using cross-fuzzy entropy (C-FuzzyEn), which is a recently proposed cross entropy that has many merits as compared to the frequently used cross sample entropy (C-SampleEn). First, we used several simulation signals to test its performance regarding the relative consistency and dependence on data length. Second, the gait time series of the left and right stride interval were used to calculate the C-FuzzyEn values for gait symmetry analysis. Besides the statistical analysis, we also realized a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to perform the classification of normal and abnormal gaits. The gait dataset consists of 15 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 16 control (CO) subjects. The results show that the C-FuzzyEn values of the PD patients' gait are significantly higher than that of the CO subjects with a p value of less than 10(-5), and the best classification performance evaluated by a leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation method is an accuracy of 96.77%. Such encouraging results imply that the C-FuzzyEn-based gait symmetry measure appears as a suitable tool for analyzing abnormal gaits.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4433-6502
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Information Technology Research Centre, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Qingwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Yixiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Dexiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D055815:Young Adult