title: OSTEOTOMIES OF THE CORACOID PROCESS: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relate the main tendinous and ligamentous structures attached in the coracoid process, correlating it to several levels of osteotomy and describing the involved structures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty shoulders were dissected. The coracoid process with mainly inserted anatomic structures was dissected, and five levels of osteotomy (1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 cm) were made from the apex of the process and the mainly involved structures were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In osteotomies of 1.0 cm, in 100% of the cases only the conjoint tendon (CT). In osteotomies of 1.5 cm there were 63.33% of cases involved with the CT and the Pectoralis minor (PMi), in 20% of cases only the CT, and in 16.66% the CT, PMi, and the coracohumeral ligament (CUL). In osteotomies of 2.0 cm, in 80% of the shoulders, the osteotomies embraced the CT, PMi and the CUL, and in 20% only the CT and the PMi were involved. In the osteotomies of 2.5cm there was involvement of the CT, PMi and CUL in 100% of cases. In the osteotomies of 3.0cm, six cases (20%) have presented an injury on the trapezoid ligament, and in 100% of these osteotomies, the osteotomized distal fragment had embraced the CT, PMi, CUL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The knowledge of anatomic structures inserted and involved in the osteotomies cuts of the coracoid process is very importan to lead with osteotomies performed in the treatment techniques of the coracoid process. Osteotomies of 3.0 cm can injure the trapezoid ligament.
authors.affiliation: Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Group of the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardo Barcellos
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Terra
authors.affiliation: Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Group of the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Antônio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: de Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Former Resident in the Shoulder and Elbow Group of the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Stanislaw Fleury
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Marczyk
authors.affiliation: Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Group of the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Cará
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: PhD in Orthopedics. Attending Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Group of the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Castro Pochini
authors.affiliation: PhD in Orthopedics. Head of the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Vicente
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.affiliation: PhD in Orthopedics. Head of the Shoulder and Elbow Group of the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ejnisman
keywords: Joint Instability; Osteotomy; Shoulder Dislocation