title: Increases in ambient particulate matter air pollution, acute changes in platelet function, and effect modification by aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids: A panel study.
abstract: Increased particulate matter (PM) air pollutant concentrations have been associated with platelet activation. It was postulated that elevated air pollutant concentrations would be associated with increases in measures of platelet function and that responses would be blunted when taking aspirin and/or fish oil. Data from a sequential therapy trial (30 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus), with 4 clinic visits (first: no supplements, second: aspirin, third: omega-3 fatty acid supplements, fourth: aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids) per subject, were utilized. Using linear mixed models, adjusted for relative humidity, temperature, visit number, and season, changes in three platelet function measures including (1) aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), (2) aggregation induced by collagen, and (3) thromboxane B2 production were associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in mean concentrations of ambient PM2.5, black carbon, ultrafine particles (UFP; 10-100 nm), and accumulation mode particles (AMP; 100-500 nm) in the previous 1-96 h. IQR increases in mean UFP and AMP concentrations were associated with significant decreases in platelet response, with the largest being a -0.43 log(pg/ml) decrease in log(thromboxane B2) (95% CI = -0.8, -0.1) associated with each 582-particles/cm(3) increase in AMP, and a -1.7 ohm reduction in collagen-induced aggregation (95% CI = -3.1, -0.3) associated with each 2097-particles/cm(3) increase in UFP in the previous 72 h. This UFP effect on thromboxane B2 was significantly muted in diabetic subjects taking aspirin (-0.01 log[pg/ml]; 95% CI = -0.4, 0.3). The reason for this finding remains unknown, and needs to be investigated in future studies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Sciences , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Adan Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.affiliation: b Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.|c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Georas
authors.affiliation: d Division of Nutritional Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York , USA.
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Brenna
authors.affiliation: e Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hopke
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Sciences , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Cathleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: b Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.|c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chalupa
authors.affiliation: b Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.|c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Sciences , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Sciences , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.|c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.
authors.forename: David Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D003094:Collagen; D001241:Aspirin