title: Biodiversity management of organic farming enhances agricultural sustainability.
abstract: Organic farming (OF) has been believed to be capable of curtailing some hazardous effects associated with chemical farming (CF). However, debates also exist on whether OF can feed a world with increasing human population. We hypothesized that some improvements on OF may produce adequate crops and reduce environmental pollutions from CF. This paper makes comparative analysis of crop yield, soil organic matter and economic benefits within the practice on Biodiversity Management of Organic Farming (BMOF) at Hongyi Organic Farm (HOF) over eight years and between BMOF and CF. Linking crop production with livestock to maximal uses of by-products from each production and avoid xenobiotic chemicals, we have achieved beneficial improvement in soil properties, effective pest and weed control, and increased crop yields. After eight years experiment, we have obtained a gradual but stable increase in crop yields with a 9.6-fold increase of net income. The net income of HOF was 258,827 dollars and 24,423 dollars in 2014 and 2007 respectively. Thus, BMOF can not only feed more population, but also increase adaptive capacity of agriculture ecosystems and gain much higher economic benefits.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.|University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Avenue, 100049, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, 100085, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liyue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Caihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Meizhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Avenue, 271018, Tai'an, China.
authors.forename: Tangyuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guanglei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Avenue, 271018, Tai'an, China.
authors.forename: Sufei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Avenue, 271018, Tai'an, China.
authors.forename: Tana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wuyun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hongyi Organic Farm, 273300, Pingyi, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Eagle Institute of Molecular Medicine, Apex, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Shi V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Avenue, 271018, Tai'an, China.
authors.forename: Gaoming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D006801:Humans; D009835:Oligochaeta; D058871:Organic Agriculture / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D057685:Plant Weeds; D011200:Poultry; D012987:Soil; D014908:Triticum; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D012987:Soil