title: Multispecies reassortant bovine rotavirus strain carries a novel simian G3-like VP7 genotype.
abstract: Rotavirus-A (RVAs), are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in the young of mammals and birds. RVA strains possessing G6, G8, and G10 genotypes in combination with P[1] or P[11] have been commonly detected in cattle. During a routine surveillance for enteric viruses in a bovine population on North-Western temperate Himalayan region of India, an uncommon bovine RVA strain, designated as RVA/Cow-wt/IND/M1/09/2009 was detected in a diarrhoeic crossbred calf. The examination of nearly complete genome sequence of this RVA strain revealed an unusual G-P combination (G3P[11]) on a typical bovine RVA genotype backbone (I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3). The VP7 gene of M1/09 isolate displayed a maximum nucleotide sequence identity of 73.8% with simian strain (RVA/Simian-tc/USA/RRV/1975/G3P[3]). The VP4 and NSP5 genes clustered with an Indian pig strain, RVA/Pig-wt/IND/AM-P66/2012/G10P[11] (99.6%), and a caprine strain, RVA/Goat-tc/BGD/GO34/1999/G6P[1] (98.9%) from Bangladesh, respectively, whilst the, VP6, NSP1, NSP3 and NSP4 genes were identical or nearly identical to Indian bovine strains (RVA/Cow-wt/IND/B-72/2008/G10P[X], RVA/Cow-wt/IND/B85/2010/GXP[X], and RVA/Cow-wt/IND/C91/2011/G6P[X]). The remaining four genes (VP1, VP2, VP3 and NSP2) were more closely related to RVA/Human-wt/ITA/PAI11/1996/G2P[4] (93.5%), RVA/Sheep-wt/CHN/LLR/1985/G10P[15] (88.8%), RVA/Human-tc/SWE/1076/1983/G2P2A[6] (93.2%) and RVA/Human-wt/AUS/CK20003/2000/G2P[4] (91.2%), respectively. Altogether, these findings are suggestive of multiple independent interspecies transmission and reassortment events between co-circulating bovine, porcine, ovine and human rotaviruses. The complete genome sequence information is necessary to establish the evolutionary relationship, interspecies transmission and ecological features of animal RVAs from different geographical regions.
authors.affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: malikys@ivri.res.in.
authors.forename: Yashpal Singh
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Electronic address: navyog.yadav84@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur -482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India. Electronic address: kuldeepsharma@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuldeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: saurabh.nbri@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saurabh
authors.affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: kdhama@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuldeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhama
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, LUVAS, Hisar 125 001, Haryana, India. Electronic address: minakshi.abt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Minakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts, West Indies. Electronic address: souvikrota@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary. Electronic address: bkrota@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Krisztián
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bányai
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: koba103161@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Nobumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: rks_virus@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Raj Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006041:Goats / Q000821:virology; D000882:Haplorhini / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012756:Sheep / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Bovine; Complete genome; Genotypes; Rotavirus; Sequence analysis