title: Effect of glycine pretreatment on the shear bond strength of a CAD/CAM resin nano ceramic material to dentin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycine pretreatment on the shear bond strength between dentin and a CAD/CAM resin nano ceramic material (LavaTM Ultimate Restorative), bonded together with adhesive cements using three different luting protocols (total-etch; self-etch; self-adhesive).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty cylinders were milled from resin nano ceramic blocks with CAD/CAM technology. The cylinders were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were assigned into six groups of five teeth each according to luting procedure and dentin pretreatment. In the first two groups (A1, A2) 10 cylinders were cemented using a total-etch protocol; in groups B1 and B2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-etch protocol; in groups C1 and C2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-adhesive protocol; in groups A1, B1 and C1 the dentinal surface was also treated with glycine powder. All cemented specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength test. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata 9.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences among the various groups (P <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycine did not change the different bond strength demonstrated by the various luting protocols tested. Conventional resin composite cements used together with a self-etch adhesive reported the highest values. However the use of glycine seems to increase the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Adhesive cements, CAD/CAM, glycine, luting system, resin nano ceramic, shear bond strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceci
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pigozzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scribante
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Statistics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beltrami
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggio