title: Incidence and management of oesophageal ruptures following fluoroscopic balloon dilatation in children with benign strictures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and management of oesophageal ruptures following fluoroscopic balloon dilatation (FBD) in children with benign oesophageal strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two children with benign oesophageal strictures underwent FBDs. Oesophageal rupture was categorized as intramural (type 1), transmural (type 2), or transmural with free leakage (type 3). The possible risk factors for oesophageal ruptures were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-nine FBDs were performed in these patients. The oesophageal rupture rate was 17.1 % (22/129). The majority (21/22) of ruptures were type 1 and type 2, both were treated conservatively. Only one patient had a type 3 rupture and underwent oesophagoesophagostomy. The patient gender, age, and the length and cause of the stricture showed no significant effect on the rupture (P > 0.05). However, for the patients ≤2 years old, the initial balloon with a diameter ≥10 mm showed a higher oesophageal rupture rate than those <10 mm during the first session (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the oesophageal rupture rate in children was 17.1 %, the type 3 rupture rate was 0.8 %, which usually requires aggressive treatment. For children ≤2 years old, the initial balloon diameter should be <10 mm in the first session for decreasing the risk of oesophageal rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • The oesophageal rupture rate following balloon dilatation in children was 17.1 %. • The incidence of transmural rupture with free leakage is very low. • Only transmural rupture with free leakage needs aggressive treatment. • For children ≤2 years, the initial balloon diameter should be <10 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.|Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Zhong
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea. hysong@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pyeong Hwa
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004106:Dilatation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012421:Rupture; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Dilatation; Fluoroscopy; Oesophageal stricture; Paediatric; Rupture