title: Associations of olfactory bulb and depth of olfactory sulcus with basal ganglia and hippocampus in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hyposmia in the preclinical stages. We investigated the relationships of olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth with basal ganglia and hippocampal volumes. The study included 25 patients with PD and 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Idiopathic PD was diagnosed according to published diagnostic criteria. The Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale, the motor subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to participants. Volumetric measurements of olfactory structures, the basal ganglia, and hippocampus were performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OB volume and OS depth were significantly reduced in PD patients compared to healthy control subjects (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The OB and left putamen volumes were significantly correlated (p=0.048), and the depth of the right OS was significantly correlated with right hippocampal volume (p=0.018). We found significant correlations between OB and putamen volumes and OS depth and hippocampal volume. Our study is the first to demonstrate associations of olfactory structures with the putamen and hippocampus using MRI volumetric measurements.
authors.affiliation: Bozok University Medical School, Department of Neurology, Turkey. Electronic address: drnermin27@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanik
authors.affiliation: Bozok University Medical School, Department of Radiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil Ibrahim
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Serin
authors.affiliation: Bozok University Medical School, Department of Neurology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celikbilek
authors.affiliation: Bozok University Medical School, Department of Neurology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent Ertugrul
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.affiliation: Bozok University Medical School, Department of Radiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gundogdu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Hippocampus; Olfactory bulb; Olfactory sulcus depth; Parkinson’s disease; Putamen