title: Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The survival benefit of a strategy of coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) added to guideline-directed medical therapy, as compared with medical therapy alone, in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2002 to May 2007, a total of 1212 patients with an ejection fraction of 35% or less and coronary artery disease amenable to CABG were randomly assigned to undergo CABG plus medical therapy (CABG group, 610 patients) or medical therapy alone (medical-therapy group, 602 patients). The primary outcome was death from any cause. Major secondary outcomes included death from cardiovascular causes and death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. The median duration of follow-up, including the current extended-follow-up study, was 9.8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A primary outcome event occurred in 359 patients (58.9%) in the CABG group and in 398 patients (66.1%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio with CABG vs. medical therapy, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.97; P=0.02 by log-rank test). A total of 247 patients (40.5%) in the CABG group and 297 patients (49.3%) in the medical-therapy group died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.93; P=0.006 by log-rank test). Death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes occurred in 467 patients (76.6%) in the CABG group and in 524 patients (87.0%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.82; P<0.001 by log-rank test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cohort of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, the rates of death from any cause, death from cardiovascular causes, and death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes were significantly lower over 10 years among patients who underwent CABG in addition to receiving medical therapy than among those who received medical therapy alone. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; STICH [and STICHES] ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595.).
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Velazquez
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Kerry L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Hussein R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Al-Khalidi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Julio A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Panza
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Michler
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bonow
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doenst
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Jae K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: She
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Vanessa L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desvigne-Nickens
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sopko
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.).
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rouleau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000601:surgery