title: Relationship between genotypes and clinical manifestation, pathology, and cccDNA in Chinese children with hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) is one of the extrahepatic manifestations after HBV infection, which would cause great clinical harm to people. The present study was undertaken to investigate the HBV-GN genotypes and its clinical relevance in Chinese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 41 HBV-infected children diagnosed with HBV-GN were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent liver and kidney biopsy. The genotypes and cccDNA were detected in their serum samples to analyze the relationship between HBV genotypes and clinical characteristics, cccDNA, and pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 41 children with HBV-GN, 29 (70.7%) had genotype C, 10 (24.4%) had genotype B, 2 (4.9%) had genotype B/C, and none of them had genotype non-B/C. Most children had genotypes B or C; moreover, the genotype C was the most frequent one. The incidence of hematuria and albuminuria, reduction in complement C3, increase in serum alanine aminotransferase levels and renal insufficiency in the children with genotype C were significantly higher than those in the children with genotype B (P<0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference in hypertension and hepatomegaly (P>0.05). The frequency of HBV cccDNA positive in the genotype C group was significantly higher than that in the genotype B group (72.4% vs. 30.0%, P<0.05). No difference was observed in hepatic inflammation grades and stages of fibrosis between the two groups (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genotype C was the most frequent genotype in the described group of patients with HBV-GN, and the liver and kidney damage indicators were more likely to occur in patients with genotype C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. leixiaoyan601@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Pa
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: C038245:C3 protein, human; D003176:Complement C3; D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: cccDNA; genotypes; glomerulonephritis; hepatitis B virus; pathology