title: Analysis of small field percent depth dose and profiles: Comparison of measurements with various detectors and effects of detector orientation with different jaw settings.
abstract: The advent of modern technologies in radiotherapy poses an increased challenge in the determination of dosimetric parameters of small fields that exhibit a high degree of uncertainty. Percent depth dose and beam profiles were acquired using different detectors in two different orientations. The parameters such as relative surface dose (D S), depth of dose maximum (D max), percentage dose at 10 cm (D 10), penumbral width, flatness, and symmetry were evaluated with different detectors. The dosimetric data were acquired for fields defined by jaws alone, multileaf collimator (MLC) alone, and by MLC while the jaws were positioned at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 cm away from MLC leaf-end using a Varian linear accelerator with 6 MV photon beam. The accuracy in the measurement of dosimetric parameters with various detectors for three different field definitions was evaluated. The relative D S(38.1%) with photon field diode in parallel orientation was higher than electron field diode (EFD) (27.9%) values for 1 cm ×1 cm field. An overestimation of 5.7% and 8.6% in D 10 depth were observed for 1 cm ×1 cm field with RK ion chamber in parallel and perpendicular orientation, respectively, for the fields defined by MLC while jaw positioned at the edge of the field when compared to EFD values in parallel orientation. For this field definition, the in-plane penumbral widths obtained with ion chamber in parallel and perpendicular orientation were 3.9 mm, 5.6 mm for 1 cm ×1 cm field, respectively. Among all detectors used in the study, the unshielded diodes were found to be an appropriate choice of detector for the measurement of beam parameters in small fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Henry Finlay
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Godson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathiyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Y Retna
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Ponmalar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Varatharaj
keywords: Beam profile; detector orientation; penumbra; percent depth dose; small field dosimetry