title: Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of lignin derived from enzymatic hydrolysis residue of bamboo pretreated with white-rot fungus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lignocellulose biorefinery based on the sugar platform usually focuses on polysaccharide bioconversion, while lignin is only burned for energy recovery. Pyrolysis can provide a novel route for the efficient utilization of residual lignin obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. The pyrolysis characteristics of residual lignin are usually significantly affected by the pretreatment process because of structural alteration of lignin during pretreatment. In recent years, biological pretreatment using white-rot fungi has attracted extensive attention, but there are only few reports on thermal conversion of lignin derived from enzymatic hydrolysis residue (EHRL) of the bio-pretreated lignocellulose. Therefore, the study investigated the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of EHRL obtained from bamboo pretreated with Echinodontium taxodii in order to evaluate the potential of thermal conversion processes of EHRL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed that EHRL of bamboo treated with E. taxodii had the typical lignin structure, but aromatic skeletal carbon and side chain of lignin were partially altered by the fungus. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that EHRL pyrolysis at different heating rates could be divided into two depolymerization stages and covered a wide temperature range from 500 to 900 K. The thermal decomposition reaction can be well described by two third-order reactions. The kinetics study indicated that the EHRL of bamboo treated with white-rot fungus had lower apparent activation energies, lower peak temperatures of pyrolysis reaction, and higher char residue than the EHRL of raw bamboo. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was applied to characterize the fast pyrolysis products of EHRL at 600 ℃. The ratios of guaiacyl-type to syringyl-type derivatives yield (G/S) and guaiacyl-type to p-hydroxy-phenylpropane-type derivatives yield (G/H) for the treated sample were increased by 33.18 and 25.30 % in comparison with the raw bamboo, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structural alterations of lignin during pretreatment can decrease the thermal stability of EHRL from the bio-treated bamboo and concentrate the guaiacyl-type derivatives in the fast pyrolysis products. Thus, the pyrolysis can be a promising route for effective utilization of the enzymatic hydrolysis residue from bio-pretreated lignocellulose.
authors.affiliation: Technology Center of China Tobacco, Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000 People's Republic of China.|College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Keliang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Technology Center of China Tobacco, Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiyao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Technology Center of China Tobacco, Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: Bamboo; Biological pretreatment; EHRL; Kinetics; Pyrolysis; Py–GC/MS; Thermogravimetric analysis