title: Retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma: Exploring the role of neuroinflammation.
abstract: In clinical glaucoma, as well as in experimental models, the loss of retinal ganglion cells occurs by apoptosis. This final event is preceded by inflammatory responses involving the activation of innate and adaptive immunity, with retinal and optic nerve resident glial cells acting as major players. Here we review the current literature on the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration, focusing on the inflammatory molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of the optic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy. Electronic address: rossella.russo@unical.it.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Pasquale
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Varano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
authors.forename: Annagrazia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adornetto
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Tiziana
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Corasaniti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Head Pain, Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacinto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bagetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Head Pain, Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Morrone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Antiinflammatory; Glaucoma; Glial cells; Neurodegeneration; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection; Retinal ganglion cells