title: Evaluation of Stress Intensity and Anxiety Level in Preoperative Period of Cardiac Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The stress related to patient's stay in a hospital increases when it is necessary to perform a surgery. Therefore, the study of the phenomenon of stress intensity in hospitalized patients has become an important issue for public health.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in University Hospital No. 1 in the cardiosurgery clinic. The study involved 58 patients who were admitted as planned to the hospital. The study used a standardized questionnaire measuring intensity of the stress and also deepened interviews with patients about stress and anxiety felt before the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The greater the patient's anxiety resulting from his state of health, the greater the intensity of stress in the preoperative period. This relationship is linear. The results of the study also made it possible to see intrapersonal factors (pain, illness, and suffering) and extrapersonal factors (anesthesia, surgery, and complications after surgery), which are causes of anxiety before surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research showed high (negative) results of anxiety and stress associated with the disease, surgery, and complications after cardiac surgery. Active involvement in hospitalization elements, such as patient education before surgery, psychological support, and medical care organization taking into account patient's preferences, reduces the impact of stressors.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and Ross-Medica, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosiek
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kornatowski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosiek-Kryszewska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Leksowski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leksowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires