title: Correlates of Performance of Healthcare Workers in Emergency, Triage, Assessment and Treatment plus Admission Care (ETAT+) Course in Rwanda: Context Matters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Emergency, Triage, Assessment and Treatment plus Admission care (ETAT+) course, a comprehensive advanced pediatric life support course, was introduced in Rwanda in 2010 to facilitate the achievement of the fourth Millennium Development Goal. The impact of the course on improving healthcare workers (HCWs) knowledge and practical skills related to providing emergency care to severely ill newborns and children in Rwanda has not been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of the ETAT+ course on HCWs knowledge and practical skills, and to identify factors associated with greater improvement in knowledge and skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a one group, pre-post test study using data collected during ETAT+ course implementation from 2010 to 2013. The paired t-test was used to assess the effect of ETAT+ course on knowledge improvement in participating HCWs. Mixed effects linear and logistic regression models were fitted to explore factors associated with HCWs performance in ETAT+ course knowledge and practical skills assessments, while accounting for clustering of HCWs in hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  374 HCWs were included in the analysis. On average, knowledge scores improved by 22.8/100 (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.5, 25.1). In adjusted models, bilingual (French & English) participants had a greater improvement in knowledge 7.3 (95% CI 4.3, 10.2) and higher odds of passing the practical skills assessment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.60; 95% CI 1.25, 5.40) than those who were solely proficient in French. Participants who attended a course outside of their health facility had higher odds of passing the skills assessment (aOR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.01, 4.44) than those who attended one within their health facility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study shows a positive impact of ETAT+ course on improving participants' knowledge and skills related to managing emergency pediatric and neonatal care conditions. The findings regarding key factors influencing ETAT+ course outcomes demonstrate the importance of considering key contextual factors (e.g., language barriers) that might affect HCWs performance in this type of continuous medical education.
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Celestin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hategekimana
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeannie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shoveller
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.
authors.forename: Lisine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tuyisenge
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kenyon
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Cechetto
authors.affiliation: Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lynd
mesh_terms: D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010343:Patient Admission; D012432:Rwanda