title: PAH determination based on a rapid and novel gas purge-microsyringe extraction (GP-MSE) technique in road dust of Shanghai, China: Characterization, source apportionment, and health risk assessment.
abstract: A novel cleanup technique termed as gas purge-microsyringe extraction (GP-MSE) was evaluated and applied for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) determination in road dust samples. A total of 68 road dust samples covering almost the entire Shanghai area were analyzed for 16 priority PAHs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the total PAH concentrations over the investigated sites ranged from 1.04μg/g to 134.02μg/g dw with an average of 13.84μg/g. High-molecular-weight compounds (4-6 rings PAHs) were significantly dominant in the total mass of PAHs, and accounted for 77.85% to 93.62%. Diagnostic ratio analysis showed that the road dust PAHs were mainly from the mixture of petroleum and biomass/coal combustions. Principal component analysis in conjunction with multiple linear regression indicated that the two major origins of road dust PAHs were vehicular emissions and biomass/fossil fuel combustions, which contributed 66.7% and 18.8% to the total road dust PAH burden, respectively. The concentration of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) varied from 0.16μg/g to 24.47μg/g. The six highly carcinogenic PAH species (benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene) accounted for 98.57% of the total BaPeq concentration. Thus, the toxicity of PAHs in road dust was highly associated with high-molecular-weight compounds.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: yyang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yingpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular of the Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji City, China.
authors.forename: Donghao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005449:Fluorenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; C041508:indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene; C022921:benzo(k)fluoranthene
keywords: GP-MSE; PAHs; Road dust; Shanghai; Source apportionment