title: Role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: In the last ten years, knowledge on pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has significantly increased, with multiple failures (decreased incretin effect, increased lipolysis, increased glucagon secretion, neurotransmitters dysfunction) recognized as important contributors, together with decreased insulin secretion and reduced peripheral glucose uptake. As a consequence, the pharmacologic therapy of T2DM has been progressively enriched by several novel classes of drugs, trying to overcome these defects. The last, intriguing compounds come into the market are SGLT2 inhibitors, framing the kidney in a different scenario, not as site of a harmful disease complication, but rather as the means to correct hyperglycemia and fight the disease. This review aims to offer a short, updated overview of the role of these compounds in the treatment of T2DM, focusing on efficacy, ancillary albeit relevant clinical effects, safety, potential cardiovascular protection, positioning in common therapeutic algorithms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy. anna.solini@med.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solini
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
keywords: Blood pressure; Glucose toxicity; HbA1c; Renal tubule; SGLT2 inhibitors; Type 2 diabetes