title: Increasing Levels of Dietary Hempseed Products Leads to Differential Responses in the Fatty Acid Profiles of Egg Yolk, Liver and Plasma of Laying Hens.
abstract: The limited efficiency with which dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is converted by hens into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for egg deposition is not clearly understood. In this study, dietary ALA levels were increased via the inclusion of hempseed (HS) and hempseed oil (HO) in hen diets, with the goal of assessing the effects on the fatty acid (FA) profiles of total lipids and lipid classes in yolk, liver and plasma. Forty-eight hens were individually caged and fed one of six diets containing either HS:10, 20 or 30, HO:4.5 or 9.0 (%, diet) or a control (containing corn oil), providing a range (0.1-1.28 %, diet) of ALA. Fatty acid methyl esters of total lipids and lipid classes, including phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) and ethanolamine (PtdEtn) in yolk, plasma and liver were then determined. Levels of n-3 FAs in both total lipids and lipid classes increased in all tissues. ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increased linearly, while docosapentaenoic acid and DHA increased quadratically. The FA profiles of yolk closely reflected levels in both plasma and liver. While ALA was highly concentrated in the triacylglycerol, it was low but equally distributed between PtdCho and PtdEtn in all tissues; however, the net accumulation was lower (P < 0.0001) in liver compared to yolk and plasma. Levels of EPA and ALA in yolk-PtdEtn were linearly (P < 0.0001; R (2) = 0.93) associated, and reflected those in liver-PtdEtn (P < 0.0001; R (2) = 0.90). In the liver, a strong inverse correlation (P < 0.0001; r = -0.94) between PL-DHA and ALA-to-EPA ratio in PtdEtn supports theories of low substrate availability, possibly limiting the conversion of ALA into DHA for egg enrichment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neijat
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.|Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E1, Canada.|Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. j_house@umanitoba.ca.|Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. j_house@umanitoba.ca.|Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E1, Canada. j_house@umanitoba.ca.|Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. j_house@umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: House
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010938:Plant Oils; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: Dietary ALA; Egg yolk; Fatty acids; Lipid classes; Liver; Plasma