title: Green biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using an environmentally benign acid catalyst.
abstract: The application of an environmentally benign sulfonated carbon microsphere catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil was investigated. This catalyst was prepared by the sequential hydrothermal carbonization and sulfonation of xylose. The morphology, surface area, and acid properties were analyzed. The surface area and acidity of the catalyst were 86m(2)/g and 1.38mmol/g, respectively. In addition, the presence of sulfonic acid on the carbon surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic activity was tested for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via a two-step reaction to overcome reaction equilibrium. The highest biodiesel yield (89.6%) was obtained at a reaction temperature of 110°C, duration time of 4h, and catalyst loading of 10wt% under elevated pressure 2.3bar and 1.4bar for first and second step, respectively. The reusability of the catalyst was investigated and showed that the biodiesel yield decreased by 9% with each cycle; however, this catalyst is still of interest because it is an example of green chemistry, is nontoxic, and makes use of xylose waste.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thi Tuong Vi
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sunanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaiprommarat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suwadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kongparakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prasert
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reubroycharoen
authors.affiliation: North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy, Hirosaki University, Aomori 030-0813, Japan.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Petrovietnam Research & Development Center for Petroleum Processing (PVPro), Vietnam Petroleum Institute, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Manh Huan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: chanatip@tu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Chanatip
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samart
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D003296:Cooking; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D010938:Plant Oils; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: Biodiesel; Carbon microsphere; Sulfonated carbon; Waste cooking oil; Xylose