title: Extract of acai-berry inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity.
abstract: Osteoclastogenesis is the major cellular event responsible for bone loss and is triggered by inflammation. Acai-berry has proven anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is a lack of evidence for its effects on osteoclastogenesis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether acai-berry extract (ABE) could inhibit osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity in vitro. The secretion of cytokines by osteoclasts has been also evaluated. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with RANKL (50ng/mL) and treated with various concentrations of ABE (25-100μg/mL) to verify: cell viability (MTT), total protein concentration (BCA), osteoclast differentiation and activity, and cytokine secretion. Cell viability and protein assays showed no toxicity to RAW cells for the tested ABE concentrations (p>0.05). ABE also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and hydroxylapatite resorption assay, respectively (p<0.05). ABE decreased the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1α, -6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha while increasing the secretion of IL-3, -4, -13 and interferon gamma when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Results of this study showed that acai-berry extract inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity possibly due to the modulation of a vast number of cytokines produced by osteoclast precursor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Stavroullakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological & Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: prakki@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D065748:Euterpe / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Cytokine; Euterpe oleracea Mart.; Inflammation; Osteoclast; Polyphenols; RANK ligand