title: Bisphenol A and food safety: Lessons from developed to developing countries.
abstract: Modern lifestyles and changes in the socio-economic characteristics of households have stimulated current developments in food technology, processing and packaging. Chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) are known to migrate from food packaging into the food, resulting in human exposure to these chemicals. Similarly, BPA can migrate from baby feeding bottles into milk. BPA has been associated with adverse effects attributed to its estrogenic properties in various animal models. This review analyzed peer-reviewed publications in the English literature on human BPA exposure and regulations in developing countries compared to developed countries. BPA has been reduced or eliminated from food packaging and contact materials such as baby bottles in developed countries either voluntarily or by legislation. The meager data from developing countries shows that human BPA exposure in developing countries is similar to that in developed countries. With minor exceptions, BPA restriction, voluntary or legal, is virtually absent in developing countries of Africa, SE Asia, and South and Central America.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystem and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: sbaluka3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sylvia Angubua
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Baluka
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. Electronic address: rumbeiha@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Wilson K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Rumbeiha
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Developing countries; Food safety; Human exposure; Packaging