title: Objective Surgical Skill Differentiation for Physical and Virtual Surgical Trainers via Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.
abstract: This study proposes a methodology to objectively differentiate surgical skill for physical and virtual trainers by measuring functional activation between expert and novice surgeons. Results indicate that there is a significant increase in functional activation for novices in the right lateral prefrontal cortex, and decrease in the left medial primary motor cortex, and the supplementary motor area for the physical trainer (p&lt;0.05). Results also indicate that there is a significant lower functional activation for novices compared to experts in the left medial primary motor cortex for the virtual skills trainer (p&lt;0.05).
authors.affiliation: Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemani
authors.affiliation: Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
authors.forename: Woojin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.affiliation: Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Intes
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwaitzberg
authors.affiliation: Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA.
authors.forename: Meryem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.affiliation: Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
authors.forename: Suvranu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D000070856:High Fidelity Simulation Training / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000145:classification / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D014584:User-Computer Interface