title: Arsenic uptake and speciation in Arabidopsis thaliana under hydroponic conditions.
abstract: Arsenic (As) uptake and species in Arabidopsis thaliana were evaluated under hydroponic conditions. Plant nutrient solutions were treated with arsenite [As(III)] or arsenate [As(V)], and aqueous As speciation was conducted using a solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Arabidopsis reduced As(V) to As(III) in the nutrient solution, possibly due to root exudates such as organic acids or the efflux of As(III) from plant roots after in vivo reduction of As(V) to As(III). Arsenic uptake by Arabidopsis was associated with increased levels of Ca and Fe, and decreased levels of K in plant tissues. Arsenic in Arabidopsis mainly occurred as As(III), which was coordinated with oxygen and sulfur based on XANES and EXAFS results. The existence of As(III)O and As(III)S in EXAFS indicates partial biotransformation of As(III)O to a sulfur-coordinated form because of limited amount of glutathione in plants. Further understanding the mechanism of As biotransformation in Arabidopsis may help to develop measures that can mitigate As toxicity via genetic engineering.
authors.affiliation: Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy & Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: nih@kigam.re.kr.
authors.forename: In-Hyun
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001149:Arsenates / Q000378:metabolism*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D001711:Biotransformation; D018527:Hydroponics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D018053:Arsenites; D013455:Sulfur; C015001:arsenite; D001151:Arsenic; C025657:arsenic acid; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Arsenate; Arsenite; Biotransformation; Glutathione; Phytochelatin; Sulfur