title: Analysis of viral protein-2 encoding gene of avian encephalomyelitis virus from field specimens in Central Java region, Indonesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a viral disease which can infect various types of poultry, especially chicken. In Indonesia, the incidence of AE infection in chicken has been reported since 2009, the AE incidence tends to increase from year to year. The objective of this study was to analyze viral protein 2 (VP-2) encoding gene of AE virus (AEV) from various species of birds in field specimen by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification using specific nucleotides primer for confirmation of AE diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 13 AEV samples are isolated from various species of poultry which are serologically diagnosed infected by AEV from some areas in central Java, Indonesia. Research stage consists of virus samples collection from field specimens, extraction of AEV RNA, amplification of VP-2 protein encoding gene by RT-PCR, separation of RT-PCR product by agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amplification products of the VP-2 encoding gene of AEV by RT-PCR methods of various types of poultry from field specimens showed a positive results on sample code 499/4/12 which generated DNA fragment in the size of 619 bp. Sensitivity test of RT-PCR amplification showed that the minimum concentration of RNA template is 127.75 ng/µl. The multiple alignments of DNA sequencing product indicated that positive sample with code 499/4/12 has 92% nucleotide homology compared with AEV with accession number AV1775/07 and 85% nucleotide homology with accession number ZCHP2/0912695 from Genbank database. Analysis of VP-2 gene sequence showed that it found 46 nucleotides difference between isolate 499/4/12 compared with accession number AV1775/07 and 93 nucleotides different with accession number ZCHP2/0912695.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analyses of the VP-2 encoding gene of AEV with RT-PCR method from 13 samples from field specimen generated the DNA fragment in the size of 619 bp from one sample with sample code 499/4/12. The sensitivity rate of RT-PCR is to amplify the VP-2 gene of AEV until 127.75 ng/µl of RNA template. Compared to Genbank databases, isolate 499/4/12 has 85% and 92% nucleotide homology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haryanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ratna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ermawati
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Animal Disease Investigation Center Wates, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wati
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Animal Disease Investigation Center Wates, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sri Handayani
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Irianingsih
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nastiti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wijayanti
keywords: avian encephalomyelitis; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; viral protein 2 gene