title: Expressed emotion in panic disorder: Relationship with demographic and clinical variables and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expressed emotion (EE) predicts the outcome of treatment in patients with anxiety disorders. We aimed to investigate the relationship between EE and demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with panic disorder (PD), to determine whether there is a difference between PD, major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and healthy controls (HC) in terms of EE and to investigate the effect of EE on quality of life (QOL) in patients with PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study involved a total of 150 participants (50 patients in each group). All participants were given the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) scale and the short-form health survey (SF)-36 . Furthermore, the EE scale was completed by the participant's key relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EE was associated with some sociodemographic and clinical variables in patients with PD. There was no significant difference between PD and MDD and between PD and HC in terms of the LEE and the EE and their subscale scores. It was also demonstrated that EE had no effect on the QOL in patients with PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EE was not different in PD compared to MDD and HC. Additionally, EE was not related to QOL in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meral Oran
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey mesut.yildiz@gop.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey Department of Psychiatry, Gülhane Military School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emrah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Songur
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Çakmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Demir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Panic disorder; expressed emotion; quality of life