title: Radiation plus Procarbazine, CCNU, and Vincristine in Low-Grade Glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Grade 2 gliomas occur most commonly in young adults and cause progressive neurologic deterioration and premature death. Early results of this trial showed that treatment with procarbazine, lomustine (also called CCNU), and vincristine after radiation therapy at the time of initial diagnosis resulted in longer progression-free survival, but not overall survival, than radiation therapy alone. We now report the long-term results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included patients with grade 2 astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, or oligodendroglioma who were younger than 40 years of age and had undergone subtotal resection or biopsy or who were 40 years of age or older and had undergone biopsy or resection of any of the tumor. Patients were stratified according to age, histologic findings, Karnofsky performance-status score, and presence or absence of contrast enhancement on preoperative images. Patients were randomly assigned to radiation therapy alone or to radiation therapy followed by six cycles of combination chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 251 eligible patients were enrolled from 1998 through 2002. The median follow-up was 11.9 years; 55% of the patients died. Patients who received radiation therapy plus chemotherapy had longer median overall survival than did those who received radiation therapy alone (13.3 vs. 7.8 years; hazard ratio for death, 0.59; P=0.003). The rate of progression-free survival at 10 years was 51% in the group that received radiation therapy plus chemotherapy versus 21% in the group that received radiation therapy alone; the corresponding rates of overall survival at 10 years were 60% and 40%. A Cox model identified receipt of radiation therapy plus chemotherapy and histologic findings of oligodendroglioma as favorable prognostic variables for both progression-free and overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cohort of patients with grade 2 glioma who were younger than 40 years of age and had undergone subtotal tumor resection or who were 40 years of age or older, progression-free survival and overall survival were longer among those who received combination chemotherapy in addition to radiation therapy than among those who received radiation therapy alone. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00003375.).
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Jan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakravarti
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Geoffrey R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Barger
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coons
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bullard
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stelzer
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brachman
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bahary
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Murtha
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Erica H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Minhee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Minesh P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.C.B.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (E.G.S.), and Triangle Neurosurgeons, Raleigh (D. Bullard) - both in North Carolina; NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia (S.L.P., M.W.); Ohio State University, Columbus (A.C., E.H.B.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.H.S.) - both in Ohio; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston (M.R.G., P.D.B.); Wayne State University, Detroit (G.R.B., H.K.); Barrow Neurological Institute (S.C.) and Arizona Oncology Services Foundation (D. Brachman) - both in Phoenix; Radiology Imaging Associates, Englewood, CO (P.R.); Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles, OR (K.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.J.S.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-P.B.), the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (B.J.F.), and the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB (A.D.M.) - all in Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore (M.P.M.); and Emory University, Atlanta (W.J.C.).
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Curran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine