title: Role of Extracellular Vesicles and microRNAs on Dysfunctional Angiogenesis during Preeclamptic Pregnancies.
abstract: Preeclampsia is a syndrome characterized by hypertension during pregnancy, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both mother and newborn in developing countries. Some advances have increased the understanding of pathophysiology of this disease. For example, reduced utero-placental blood flow associated with impaired trophoblast invasion may lead to a hypoxic placenta that releases harmful materials into the maternal and feto-placental circulation and impairs endothelial function. Identification of these harmful materials is one of the hot topics in the literature, since these provide potential biomarkers. Certainty, such knowledge will help us to understand the miscommunication between mother and fetus. In this review we highlight how placental extracellular vesicles and their cargo, such as small RNAs (i.e., microRNAs), might be involved in endothelial dysfunction, and then in the angiogenesis process, during preeclampsia. Currently only a few reports have addressed the potential role of endothelial regulatory miRNA in the impaired angiogenesis in preeclampsia. One of the main limitations in this area is the variability of the analyses performed in the current literature. This includes variability in the size of the particles analyzed, and broad variation in the exosomes considered. The quantity of microRNA targets genes suggest that practically all endothelial cell metabolic functions might be impaired. More studies are required to investigate mechanisms underlying miRNA released from placenta upon endothelial function involved in the angiogenenic process.
authors.affiliation: Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.affiliation: Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidad del Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herlitz
authors.affiliation: Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidad del Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.affiliation: Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidad del Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile.
authors.forename: Jesenia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Acurio
authors.affiliation: Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of ConcepciónConcepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguayo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology, and the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Exosome Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Exosome Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duncombe
authors.affiliation: Exosome Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNew Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of ConcepciónConcepción, Chile; Exosome Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNew Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salomon
keywords: endothelial dysfunction; exosomes; microRNAs; preeclampsia