title: Effect of incorporation of walnut cake (Juglans regia) in concentrate mixture on degradation of dry matter, organic matter and production of microbial biomass in vitro in goat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to investigate the effect of incorporation of different level of walnut cake in concentrate mixture on in vitro dry matter degradation in order to determine its level of supplementation in ruminant ration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Walnut cake was used @ 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% level to formulate an iso-nitrogenous concentrate mixtures and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 respectively. The different formulae of concentrate mixtures were used for in vitro gas production studies using goat rumen liquor with wheat straw in 40:60 ratio. Proximate composition, fiber fractionation and calcium and phosphrous content of walnut cake were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The per cent IVDMD value of T1 and T2 diets was 68.42 ± 1.20 and 67.25 ± 1.37 respectively which was found highest (P<0.05) T3, T4, T5 and T6. Similar trend was also found for TDOM and MBP. Inclusion of walnut cake at 10% level in the concentrate mixture does not affect in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), truly degradable organic matter (TDOM, mg/200 mg DM), total gas production, microbial biomass production (MBP) and efficiency of microbial biomass production (EMP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that walnut cake incorporation up to 10% level in the iso -nitrogenous concentrate mixture has no any negative effect on in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), TDOM, MBP, EMP and total gas production in goat.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Shere-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (J&K), India.
authors.forename: Mohsin Ahmad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Shere-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (J&K), India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Shere-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (J&K), India.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Section, ICAR-NRC on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Keshab
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barman
keywords: concentrate mixture; goat; in vitro dry matter digestibility; microbial biomass production; truly degradable organic matter; walnut cake