title: Cerebral Hemodynamics With rTMS in Alcohol Dependence: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study.
abstract: The authors studied cerebral hemodynamics in alcohol dependence and evaluated their changes with application of high-frequency rTMS. A prospective, single-blind, randomized, parallel-group, sham-controlled clinical study was conducted with patients with alcohol dependence (DSM-IV-TR). The study population comprised 25 subjects each in active rTMS, sham rTMS, and healthy control groups. At baseline, cerebral hemodynamic indices were measured with transcranial Doppler sonography. Subjects in the active rTMS group received 10 sessions of rTMS daily; the sham group was administered sham rTMS with the same parameters. Cerebral hemodynamic parameters were repeated 5 minutes after the last rTMS session. At baseline, mean velocity (MV) of both middle cerebral artery (MCA; R-MCA: p=0.003; L-MCA: p=0.002) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA; R-ACA: p=0.003; L-ACA: p=.001) was significantly reduced. Pulsatility index (PI) of MCA (p<0.001) and resistance index (RI) of ACA (R-ACA: p=0.009; L-ACA: p=0.008) were increased in alcohol-dependent subjects in comparison with healthy controls. In the active rTMS group, except L-MCA PI, significant differences were observed in values of MV, PI, and RI of both MCA and ACA following rTMS intervention; such changes were not evident in the sham rTMS group. The changes in mean difference in MV of L-MCA (p=0.006) and L-ACA (p=0.015) were statistically significant in the active rTMS group, in comparison with the sham group. Significant differences were also observed between the two groups postintervention, in RI of L-MCA (p=0.001) and ACA (R-ACA: p=0.010; L-ACA: p=0.015). Alcohol dependence may result in altered cerebral hemodynamic parameters, which can be improved with high-frequency rTMS application.
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (BRM); the Dept. of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (RM); and the Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, India (SHN).
authors.forename: Biswa Ranjan
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (BRM); the Dept. of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (RM); and the Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, India (SHN).
authors.forename: Rituparna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (BRM); the Dept. of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (RM); and the Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, India (SHN).
authors.forename: S Haque
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nizamie