title: Yeast-containing feed additive alters gene expression profiles associated with innate immunity in whole blood of a rodent model.
abstract: Feeding a yeast-containing additive (YCA; OmniGen-AF) improves immune responses in ruminant livestock and reduces subsequent production losses. The objective was to identify molecular pathways by which dietary YCA may modify immune responses using a rodent model. Thirty-seven healthy, unchallenged CD rats received a diet containing 0 (control; n = 5, only 28 d), 0.5% (n = 15) or 1% (n = 17) YCA for 7 (n = 4/group), 14 (n = 3 or 4/group), 21 (n = 3 or 4/group) or 28 (n = 5/group) d. At the end of the feeding periods, whole blood was collected and the isolated RNA was analyzed for the expression of 84 genes involved in innate and cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Three bacterial pattern recognition receptors TLR1 (0.5%: + 2.01; 1%: + 2.38), TLR6 (0.5%: + 2.11; 1%: + 2.34) and NOD2 (0.5%: + 2.32; 1%: + 2.23), two APC surface receptors CD1D1 (0.5%: + 1.75; 1%: + 2.33) and CD80 (0.5%: +2.45; 1%: +3.00), and the cell signaling molecule MAPK8 (0.5%: +1.87; 1%: +2.35) were significantly up-regulated by YCA at both inclusion rates. In conclusion, feeding YCA may potentially increase recognition and responses to bacterial pathogens and T-cell activation and differentiation and thereby maintain health and prevent production losses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA OmniGen Research Laboratory, Phibro Animal Health, Corvallis, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Branson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA OmniGen Research Laboratory, Phibro Animal Health, Corvallis, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA OmniGen Research Laboratory, Phibro Animal Health, Corvallis, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA gerd.bobe@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bobe
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D055610:Antigens, CD1d / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet; D005503:Food Additives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015003:Yeasts / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D055610:Antigens, CD1d; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D005503:Food Additives; C512493:NOD2 protein, rat; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; C495343:Tlr2 protein, rat; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8
keywords: Bacterial recognition; feed supplement; innate immunity; yeast cell wall