title: Categorical representation of North American precipitation projections.
abstract: We explore use of the familiar tercile framework of seasonal forecasting for the characterization of 21st-century precipitation projections over North America. Consistent with direct analyses of modeled precipitation change, in a superensemble of CMIP5 simulations an unambiguous pattern of shifted tercile population statistics develops as the globe warms. Expressed categorically, frequencies for the low (i.e., dry) tercile increase in the southwestern United States and southward into Mexico and decrease across the northern tier of North America, while counts for the high tercile shift in the opposite sense. We show that as the 21st-century proceeds, changes become statistically significant over wide regions in the pointwise sense, and also when considered as projections on model-specific climate change "fingerprints". Background noise in the superensemble, against which significance is established, comprises both structural model uncertainty and natural climate variability. The robustness of these findings makes a compelling case for long-range planning for a dryer future in the American Southwest and southward, and wetter one to the north and especially northeast, while communication is facilitated by widespread user familiarity with the tercile format.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Lamont Campus, 61 Rte 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Division of Ocean and Climate Physics, 61 Rte 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seager