title: Neonatal respiratory morbidity in late-preterm births in pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate neonatal respiratory morbidity in infants born late-preterm to mothers with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of a population-based cohort of all live-born singletons, born at 34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks to mothers with and without GDM, focusing on transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group comprised 363 (4.7%) singletons born to mothers with GDM and the controls were 7400 born to mothers without GDM. Mothers with GDM were older (31.4 ± 5.1 versus 29.5 ± 5.1 years, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be hypertensive (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). Neonates of GDM mothers were heavier at birth (2769 ± 539 versus 2636 ± 473 g, p < 0.001). We found a similar incidence of RDS and TTN in both groups. The multiple regression analysis showed cesarean delivery and lower gestational age were independently associated with RDS and TTN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDM, per se, is not a major contributor to RDS in late pre-term infants. Rather, the combination of prematurity and cesarean birth act independently to increase the risk of respiratory morbidity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Perinatology , Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia , and.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bricelj
authors.affiliation: a Department of Perinatology , Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia , and.
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tul
authors.affiliation: a Department of Perinatology , Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia , and.
authors.forename: Miha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucovnik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Perinatology , Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia , and.
authors.forename: Lilijana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kronhauser-Cerar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Perinatology , Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia , and.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steblovnik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Perinatology , Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia , and.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verdenik
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kaplan Medical Center , Rehovot , Israel.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blickstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017524:Slovenia; D059245:Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cesarean section; gestational diabetes; preterm birth; respiratory distress syndrome; transient tachypnea