title: Association of ATP1A1 gene polymorphism with thermotolerance in Tharparkar and Vrindavani cattle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the major biochemical aspects of thermoregulation is equilibrium of ion gradient across biological membranes. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, a member of P type-ATPase family, is a major contributor to the mechanism that actively controls cross-membrane ion gradient. Thus, we examined ATP1A1 gene that encodes alpha-1 chain of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, for genetic polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 Vrindavani (composite cross strain of Hariana x Holstein-Friesian/Brown Swiss/Jersey) and 64 Tharparkar (indigenous) cattle were screened for genetic polymorphism in ATP1A1 gene, using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. For association studies, rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) of all animals were recorded twice daily for 3 seasons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A SNP (C2789A) was identified in exon 17 of ATP1A1 gene. Three genotypes namely CC, CA, and AA were observed in both, Vrindavani and Tharparkar cattle. The gene frequencies in Tharparkar and Vrindavani for allele A were 0.51 and 0.48, and for allele C were 0.49 and 0.52, respectively, which remained at intermediate range. Association study of genotypes with RT and RR in both cattle population revealed that the animals with genotype CC exhibited significantly lower RT and higher heat tolerance coefficient than CA and AA genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential thermoregulation between different genotypes of ATP1A1 gene indicate that the ATP1A1 gene could be potentially contributing to thermotolerance in both, Tharparkar, an indigenous breed and Vrindavani, a composite crossbred cattle.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pushpendra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Bharti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sandip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gyanendra
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: ATP1A1 gene; Tharparkar; Vrindavani; cattle; polymorphism; thermotolerance