title: Chemical Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Salvia multicaulis Vahl Essential Oils.
abstract: The chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils (EOs) of aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis Vahl, collected during the same week from two different Lebanese regions, were investigated. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC and GC/MS analyses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these EOs were determined against one Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria, one yeast, and five dermatophytes using the broth microdilution technique. One EO was notably active against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and all of the Trichophyton species tested. Nerolidol was found to be the major compound in the active oil; nerolidol was also absent from the inactive oil. This study demonstrated that nerolidol shows antimicrobial activity and therefore significantly contributes to the antimicrobial potential of the oil. The chemical diversity of worldwide S. multicaulis EOs was analyzed, revealing that the EOs of this study belong to two different chemotypes found in the literature. The nerolidol chemotype appears to be restricted to Lebanon, and it can be used as antimicrobial agent against external bacterial and fungal infections.
authors.affiliation: UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Department of Agricultural Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Jounieh, B.P. 446, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Layal
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fahed
authors.affiliation: UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. didier.stien@cnrs.fr.|Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, FR-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France. didier.stien@cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stien
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Jounieh, B.P. 446, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Naïm
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouaini
authors.affiliation: UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eparvier
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Jounieh, B.P. 446, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Beyrouthy
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Antimicrobial activities; Chemical diversity; Essential oils; Nerolidol; Salvia multicaulis