title: Multiscale musculoskeletal modelling, data-model fusion and electromyography-informed modelling.
abstract: This paper proposes methods and technologies that advance the state of the art for modelling the musculoskeletal system across the spatial and temporal scales; and storing these using efficient ontologies and tools. We present population-based modelling as an efficient method to rapidly generate individual morphology from only a few measurements and to learn from the ever-increasing supply of imaging data available. We present multiscale methods for continuum muscle and bone models; and efficient mechanostatistical methods, both continuum and particle-based, to bridge the scales. Finally, we examine both the importance that muscles play in bone remodelling stimuli and the latest muscle force prediction methods that use electromyography-assisted modelling techniques to compute musculoskeletal forces that best reflect the underlying neuromuscular activity. Our proposal is that, in order to have a clinically relevant virtual physiological human, (i) bone and muscle mechanics must be considered together; (ii) models should be trained on population data to permit rapid generation and use underlying principal modes that describe both muscle patterns and morphology; and (iii) these tools need to be available in an open-source repository so that the scientific community may use, personalize and contribute to the database of models.
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7721-8698
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mechanik (Bau) , University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heidlauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Besier
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mechanik (Bau) , University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Röhrle
authors.affiliation: Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lloyd
keywords: model fusion; multiscale modelling; musculoskeletal; musculoskeletal database