title: Rapid maxillary expansion and obstructive sleep apnea: A review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  OSAS during childhood leads to significant physical and neuropsychomotor impairment. Thus, it needs to be recognized and treated early in order to avoid or attenuate the chronic problems associated with OSAS, which are deleterious to a child's development. Adenotonsillectomy and, in select cases, continuous positive airwaypressure (CPAP) have been the preferred treatments for OSAS in children, and yet they are ineffective at fully ameliorating the disease. Minimally invasive treatments have recently been proposed, comprising intra-oral and extra-oral devices as well as speech therapy. Objetive: to conduct a meta-analysis on studies from around the world that used rapid maxillary expansion (RME) to treat OSAS in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a meta-analysis of studies using RME for OSA treatment in children. A literature survey was conductedusing PubMed and Medline for English articles published up to December 2014 with the following descriptors: SleepApnea, Obstructive, Children, Treatment, Orthodontic, Othopaedic, Maxillaryexpansion. Studies were included in the meta-analysisif they were case-controlled studies, randomized, and involved non-syndromic children aged 0 to 12years old diagnosed with OSA by the polysomnography apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) before and after the intervention, submitted RME only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 10 articles conformed to the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The total sample size across all these articles was 215 children, having a mean age of 6.7 years,of whom58.6%were male. The mean AHI during the follow-up was -6.86 (p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in children with OSAS appears to be an effective treatment for this syndrome. Further randomized clinical studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of RME in adults.
authors.affiliation: Rua Maria Monteiro, 841 ap 11 Cambuí, 13025-151 Campinas, 551932535472SP - Brazil, almirom@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: A-J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Machado-Júnior
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zancanella
authors.forename: A-N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Crespo
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D014068:Tonsillectomy