title: Rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to examine the rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils on rumen fermentation pattern in vitro using roughage based diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thyme, clove and peppermint oils were tested at concentration of 0, 30, 300 and 600 mg/l (ppm) of total culture fluid using in vitro gas production technique in wheat straw based diet (concentrate: Wheat straw 50:50). Different in vitro parameters e.g., total gas production, methane production, nutrient degradability, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and ammonia nitrogen concentration were studied using buffalo rumen liquor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thyme oil at higher dose level (600 ppm) reduced (p<0.05) total gas production, feed degradability and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration whereas total VFA concentration was significantly lower (p>0.05) in 300 and 600 ppm dose levels. 600 ppm dose level of clove oil reduced (p<0.05) total gas production, feed degradability, total VFA and acetate to propionate ratio. Methane production was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in 300 and 600 ppm dose levels of clove and peppermint oil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Right combination of these essential oils may prove to enhance performance of animals by reducing methane production and inhibiting protein degradation in rumen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Debashis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tomar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: ammonia nitrogen; essential oil; methane; rumen fermentation; wheat straw