title: Evaluation the antibacterial effects of Echinophora platyloba extracts against some Salmonella species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salmonellosis, which is caused by nontyphoid salmonella bacteria, is one of the most common foodborne diseases, and it causes gastrointestinal infections worldwide, most of which are limited gastroenteritis that requires antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of echinophora platyloba extract on inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella choleraesuis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echinophora Platyloba extract was collected in the East Azarbaijan Province in Iran in June 2015. Weeds, infected plants, and dried roots were separated and removed. After drying and grinding the plant, 100 grams of powder were weighed, and the extraction of the plant was carried out by percolation. This study tested the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by the broth micro dilution method and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All of the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, version 22.0. One-Way ANOVA and the Duncan test were used to compare the effect of various concentrations of the extract on each type of bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicated that, in 250 mg/ml of extracts discs, the largest growth inhibition zones were formed, and they were 26.11 ± 1.16, 21.23 ± 0.89, and 19.65 ± 0.60 in S. enteritidis, S. typhi, and S. choleraesuis groups, respectively. The statistical results indicated that, in each type of bacteria, there was a statistical difference (p < 0.01) between the various concentrations of the extracts and the chloramphenicol discs. Also, it was indicated that this extract at a concentration of 150 mg/ml had a germicidal effect on S. enteritidis and S. typhi bacteria and that 250 mg/ml had a bactericidal effect on S. choleraesuis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that E. platyloba extract has potential effects as antimicrobial agents.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babaie
keywords: antimicrobial action; echinophora platyloba; salmonella