title: Cathepsin B Expression and the Correlation with Clinical Aspects of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cathepsin B (CTSB), a member of the cathepsin family, is a cysteine protease that is widely distributed in the lysosomes of cells in various tissues. It is overexpressed in several human cancers and may be related to tumorigenesis. The main purpose of this study was to analyze CTSB expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with patient prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue microarrays were used to detect CTSB expression in 280 patients and to examine the association between CTSB expression and clinicopathological parameters. In addition, the metastatic effects of the CTSB knockdown on two oral cancer cell lines were investigated by transwell migration assay. Cytoplasmic CTSB expression was detected in 34.6% (97/280) of patients. CTSB expression was correlated with positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007) and higher tumor grade (p = 0.008) but not with tumor size and distant metastasis. In addition, multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model revealed a higher hazard ratio, demonstrating that CTSB expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in buccal mucosa carcinoma patients. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that buccal mucosa OSCC patients with positive CTSB expression had significantly shorter overall survival. Moreover, treatment with the CTSB siRNA exerted an inhibitory effect on migration in OC2 and CAL27 oral cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that CTSB expression may be useful for determining OSCC prognosis, particularly for patients with lymph node metastasis, and may function as a biomarker of the survival of OSCC patients in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-En
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chuan-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Tu
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiao-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mu-Kuan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D002401:Cathepsin B