title: Higher Incidence of Psychiatrist-Diagnosed Depression in Taiwanese Female School-Age Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Retrospective Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of clinical depression associated with type 1 diabetes in female Taiwanese children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 1373 female children and adolescents, aged 5-18 years, with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 2000 and 2007. A comparison cohort was assembled, which consisted of 20 patients without type 1 diabetes, based on frequency matching for age interval and index year for each patient with type 1 diabetes. Both groups were followed until a psychiatrist diagnosed depression or the end of the follow-up period, up to a maximum period of 5 years from the index date. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for depression between the type 1 diabetes cohort and the comparison cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rate of depression in the type 1 diabetes cohort was 228.4 per 100,000 person-years and that in the comparison cohort was 73.9 per 100,000 person-years. The type 1 diabetes cohort showed a significantly higher incidence of depression compared with the comparison cohort (IRR of 3.09, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study showed that the incidence of psychiatrist-diagnosed depression was significantly higher in female Taiwanese school-age children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes compared with those without the disease.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital , Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan .|2 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University , Hualien, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Ming-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Dentistry, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital , Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Ching-Ya
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital , Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan .|5 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital , Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan .|2 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University , Hualien, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Ning-Sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011570:Psychiatry; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology