title: Evaluation of the Intestinal Colonizing Potential and Immunomodulating Capacity of Lactobacilli Microspheres.
abstract: Lactobacilli species get degraded by acidic conditions in the stomach. Thus, the objective of this study was to (1) formulate and characterize gastro-resistant Lactobacilli microspheres and (2) evaluate the ability of Lactobacilli microspheres to colonize the intestine and their capacity to have an immunomodulating effect in vivo. The product yield and the encapsulation efficiency were 45% and 100%, respectively. The average microsphere particle size was 5 μm. Lactobacilli microspheres were most stable at 4°C and showed a better suspendibility in distilled water. Without encapsulation, the viability of bacteria decreased within 30 min. In the case of Lactobacilli microspheres, no Lactobacilli were released in the first 3 h, and highest release was observed at 4 h, thus, suggesting the significance of encapsulation of Lactobacilli. Lactobacilli microspheres maintained intestinal colonization only during the dosing period, and the serum IgG, serum IgA, fecal, intestinal, nasal IgA, and the serum interleukin-1β levels were higher in the Lactobacilli microsphere group compared with the blank microsphere and the lactobacilli solution group, suggesting that the Lactobacilli microspheres were more gastro-resistant and, hence, showed positive effects compared with the Lactobacilli solution. However, the Lactobacilli microspheres did not have a significant effect on the tumor necrosis factor-α levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South University School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, Georgia 31406. Electronic address: kcotta@southuniversity.edu.
authors.forename: Karyn I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Cotta
authors.affiliation: Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia 30341. Electronic address: dsouza_mj@mercer.edu.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008863:Microspheres; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: colon; gastrointestinal; immunology; microencapsulation; microparticles; microspheres; mucosal delivery; mucosal immunization; mucosal vaccination; oral drug delivery