title: Interaction between angiotensin II and relaxin 2 in the progress of growth and spread of prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Deregulation of locally secreted hormones, such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and relaxin 2 (RLN2), has been linked to a higher risk of select cancers or a poor prognosis in patients. In this study, for the first time a common effect of Ang II and RLN2 in relation to various aspects of prostate cancer development and metastasis are presented. Four independent colorimetric assays were used to analyze cell viability and proliferation. The changes of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and invasion/aggressiveness ability of prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, PC3) before and after peptides treatment, were also investigated. The findings suggest that the both investigated systems, have an impact on cell growth/division or spread, to some degree via overlapping signal transduction pathways. Intermediate or sometimes poorer results were achieved by using a combination of both hormones than when each was used individually. It seems that Ang II and RLN2 can play a significant role in increasing the aggressiveness of prostate tumors by up-regulating BIRC5 expression and MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion. In addition, we speculate that Ang II and RLN2 are involved in the transition from the androgen-dependent to the androgen-independent phenotype via modulation of the expression of androgen receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Domińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochędalski
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Zuzanna Elżbieta
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Matysiak-Burzyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Płuciennik
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka Wanda
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Piastowska-Ciesielska
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012065:Relaxin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; C095068:RLN2 protein, human; D000077022:Survivin; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012065:Relaxin; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9