title: Clostridium butyricum attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic mice via modulation of gut microbiota.
abstract: Diabetes is known to exacerbate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we investigated the effects of Clostridium butyricum on cerebral I/R injury in the diabetic mice subjected to 30min of bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). The cognitive impairment, the blood glucose level, neuronal injury, apoptosis, and expressions of Akt, phospho-Akt (p-Akt), and caspase-3 level were assessed. Meanwhile, the changes of gut microbiota in composition and diversity in the colonic feces were evaluated. Our results showed that diabetic mice subjected to BCCAO exhibited worsened cognitive impairment, cell damage and apoptosis. These were all attenuated by C. butyricum. Moreover, C. butyricum reversed cerebral I/R induced decreases in p-Akt expression and increases in caspase-3 expression, leading to inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. C. butyricum partly restored cerebral I/R induced decreases of fecal microbiota diversity, changes of fecal microbiota composition. Together, these findings highlight the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis and suggest that certain probiotics might prove to be useful therapeutic adjuncts in cerebral I/R injury with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 College West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Fangyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
authors.forename: Zongxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Xichong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenqian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Haixiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China. Electronic address: wzjiaming_liu@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiaming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D046972:Clostridium butyricum / Q000502:physiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Apoptosis; Butyrate; Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; Clostridium butyricum; Diabetes; Gut microbiota