title: Serological Survey of Hantavirus in Inhabitants from Tropical and Subtropical Areas of Brazil.
abstract: Brazil has reported more than 1,600 cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HPS) since 1993, with a 39% rate of reported fatalities. Using a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of Araraquara virus, we performed ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against hantavirus in human sera. The aim of this study was to analyze hantavirus antibody levels in inhabitants from a tropical area (Amazon region) in Rondônia state and a subtropical (Atlantic Rain Forest) region in São Paulo state, Brazil. A total of 1,310 serum samples were obtained between 2003 and 2008 and tested by IgG-ELISA, and 82 samples (6.2%), of which 62 were from the tropical area (5.8%) and 20 from the subtropical area (8.3%), tested positive. Higher levels of hantavirus antibody were observed in inhabitants of the populous subtropical areas compared with those from the tropical areas in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Sinalização Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5975-7399
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alves Morais
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aparecida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santo Pietro Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 75801-615 Jatai, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazaro Moreli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05389-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; São Lucas Medical School, Rua Alexandre Guimarães 1928, 76000-000 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcelo Aranha Camargo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Ecológica (IPE), 12960-000 Nazaré Paulista, SP, Brazil; Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre (DEPAVE-/SVMA), 04030-000 Prefeitura de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiavo Nardi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Ecológica (IPE), 12960-000 Nazaré Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farah Tófoli
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jansen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mara Dutra
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lopes Ometto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carmona de Jesus Maués
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05389-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiene
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zingano Hinke
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05389-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaber Mahmud
authors.affiliation: Departamento Municipal de Saúde, 11950-000 Prefeitura de Cajati, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Correia Lima
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luiz Durigon