title: Mapping the Decision-Making Process for Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer: The Role of Decisional Resolve.
abstract: Studies show adjuvant endocrine therapy increases survival and decreases risk of breast cancer recurrence for hormone receptor-positive tumors. Yet studies also suggest that adherence rates among women taking this therapy may be as low as 50% owing largely to adverse side effects. Despite these rates, research on longitudinal patient decision making regarding this therapy is scant.
  
  
  
  We sought to map the decision-making process for women considering and initiating adjuvant endocrine therapy, paying particular attention to patterns of uncertainty and decisional change over time.
  
  
  
  A longitudinal series of semistructured interviews conducted at a multispecialty health care organization in Northern California with 35 newly diagnosed patients eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapy were analyzed. Analysis led to the identification and indexing of 3 new decision-making constructs-decisional phase, decisional direction, and decisional resolve-which were then organized using a visual matrix and examined for patterns characterizing the decision-making process.
  
  
  
  Our data reveal that most patients do not make a single, discrete decision to take or not take hormone therapy but rather traverse multiple decisional states, characterized by 1) phase, 2) direction, and 3) strength of resolve. Our analysis tracks these decisional states longitudinally using a grayscale-coded matrix. Our data show that decisional resolve wavers not just when considering therapy, as the existing concept of decisional conflict suggests, but even after initiating it, which may signal future decisions to forgo therapy.
  
  
  
  Adjuvant endocrine therapy, like other chronic care decisions, has a longer decision-making process and implementation period. Thus, theoretical, empirical, and clinical approaches should consider further exploring the new concept and measurement of decisional resolve, as it may help to improve subsequent medication adherence.
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Louise L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Beryl
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Katharine A S
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rendle
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Meghan C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Halley
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Suepattra G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Runi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (LLB, KASR, MCH, KAG, SGM, JG, PY, RC, DLF).
authors.forename: Dominick L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Frosch
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035501:Uncertainty
keywords: adjuvant endocrine therapy; breast cancer; decision making