title: Inhibition of GSK-3β Alleviates Collagen II-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor is a serine/threonine kinase with an inhibitory role in glycogen synthesis, which is essential in inflammatory and immunological diseases. The purpose of our study was to determine if TDZD-8 can alleviate collagen II-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty collagen II-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats were treated with selective GSK-3β inhibitor. The effects of GSK-3β inhibition on collagen II-induced rheumatoid arthritis in the rats were evaluated by paw edema, histological examination of arthritic synovium, radiographic examination of knee joint, and the level of inflammation mediators such as prostaglandin E2, 5-hydroxytryptamin, and histamine. The level of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-α, was examined by Elisa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSK-3β inhibitor significantly reduced the development of rheumatoid arthritis in rats. The levels of inflammation mediators such as prostaglandin E2, 5-hydroxytryptamin, and histamine were decreased in the TDZD-8 group. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in the TDZD-8 group compared with the RA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with GSK-3β inhibitor suppressed inflammatory response in RA rats. These findings suggest that the inhibition of GSK-3β can be an effective treatment for RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jiashun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Bailong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiuyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D024043:Collagen Type II; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007596:Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C494356:4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione; D024043:Collagen Type II; D016207:Cytokines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D013830:Thiadiazoles; D012701:Serotonin; D006632:Histamine; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D015232:Dinoprostone