title: Surgical outcomes in children with primary congenital glaucoma: a 20-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe demographic criteria of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) subjects and to evaluate the surgical outcomes of children who underwent angle surgery over a 20-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with PCG who underwent trabeculotomy, trabeculectomy, or combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (CTT). The surgery was considered to be successful if intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21 mm Hg or less with or without treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 148 eyes (85 patients) were included in the study. The majority of the patients were younger than 6 months of age (78.9%), with a median age of 2 months. Sex distribution was relatively even between girls and boys (45:40) (53%/47%). Bilateral disease was seen in 63 patients (74%). The overall success rate was achieved in 80.4%. The majority of the eyes needed only one surgery (105 [70.9%]), 34 eyes (23.0%) needed 2 surgeries, and 7 eyes (4.7%) had 3 surgeries. There was no statistically significant difference in success rate between types of surgery and number of performed procedures. A progressive decline in success rate over time was evident, as success rate dropped from 96.6% at 5 months to less than 50% after 11 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excellent IOP control can be achieved in a majority of patients with equally effective results from all 3 surgical procedures. The surgical outcome of PCG was more favorable in infants presenting before the age of 6 months. Adjuvant topical antiglaucoma medications can augment the surgical success rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar - Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sanaa A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar - Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Elham R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Al-Tamimi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006871:Hydrophthalmos / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome