title: Impaired sodium-dependent adaptation of arterial stiffness in formerly preeclamptic women: the RETAP-vascular study.
abstract: Women with a history of preeclampsia have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases later in life. Persistent vascular alterations in the postpartum period might contribute to this increased risk. The current study assessed arterial stiffness under low sodium (LS) and high sodium (HS) conditions in a well-characterized group of formerly early-onset preeclamptic (fPE) women and formerly pregnant (fHP) women. Eighteen fHP and 18 fPE women were studied at an average of 5 yr after pregnancy on 1 wk of LS (50 mmol Na(+)/day) and 1 wk of HS (200 mmol Na(+)/day) intake. Arterial stiffness was measured by pulse-wave analysis (aortic augmentation index, AIx) and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV). Circulating markers of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), extracellular volume (ECV), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured in an effort to identify potential mechanistic elements underlying adaptation of arterial stiffness. AIx was significantly lower in fHP women on LS compared with HS while no difference in AIx was apparent in fPE women. PWV remained unchanged upon different sodium loads in either group. Comparable sodium-dependent changes in RAAS, ECV, and NO/H2S were observed in fHP and fPE women. fPE women have an impaired ability to adapt their arterial stiffness in response to changes in sodium intake, independently of blood pressure, RAAS, ECV, and NO/H2S status. The pathways involved in impaired adaptation of arterial stiffness, and its possible contribution to the increased long-term risk for cardiovascular diseases in fPE women, remain to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;
authors.forename: Anne Marijn
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
authors.forename: Nina D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Paauw
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;
authors.forename: Tsjitske J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Toering
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feelisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;
authors.forename: Marijke M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Faas
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minnion
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Joop D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lefrandt
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;
authors.forename: Sicco A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Scherjon
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franx
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; a.t.lely@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: A Titia
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lely
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: arterial stiffness; augmentation index; cardiovascular risk; formerly preeclamptic women; preeclampsia; sodium intake