title: Effect of calcium channels blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system on renal outcomes and mortality in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The renoprotective effect of inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been identified through placebo-controlled trials. However, the effect of calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) on renal system is still controversial. Our current meta-analysis includes available evidences to compare the effect of dihydropyridine CCBs and ACEIs or ARBs on renal outcomes and mortality. We also further investigate whether CCBs can be used in combination with inhibitors of RAS to improve the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electronic databases were searched up to July 2012, for clinical randomized controlled trials, assessing the effect of dihydropyridine CCBs on the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality in contrast to ACEIs or ARBs. Eight clinical trials were included containing 25,647 participants. ESRD showed significantly higher frequency with CCBs therapy compared with ACEIs or ARBs therapy, though blood pressure was decreased similarly in both groups in every trial (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.48; p = 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the incidence of all-cause mortality between these two groups, though ACEIs or ARBs exhibited better renoprotective effect compared to CCBs (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.89-1.03; p = 0.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCBs did not increase all-cause mortality incidence in patients with CKD though they displayed weaker renoprotective, compared to ACEIs or ARBs therapy. Our results suggest the combination of a CCB and an ACEI or ARB should be a preferable antihypertensive therapy in patients with CKD, considering their higher effect in decreasing blood pressure and fewer adverse metabolic problems caused.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Ji'nan , P.R.China ;|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada ;
authors.forename: Hong-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada ;|c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China ;
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: d Department of Nephrology , Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Yishui , Linyi , Shandong , P.R. China ;
authors.forename: Shan-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pediatrics , Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Yishui , Linyi , Shandong , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Ji'nan , P.R.China ;
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Ji'nan , P.R.China ;
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Ji'nan , P.R.China ;
authors.forename: Lian-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Ji'nan , P.R.China ;
authors.forename: Ai-Hong
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers
keywords: All-cause mortality; angiotensin-II receptor blocker; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; calcium-channel blocker; chronic kidney disease; end-stage renal disease