title: Market assessment of tuberculosis diagnostics in China in 2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the 2012 served available market for tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics in China in the sector served by the China Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the hospital sector in China, including both designated TB hospitals and general hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test volumes and unit costs were assessed for tuberculin skin tests, interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), smear microscopy, serology, cultures, speciation tests, nucleic-acid amplification tests (NAATs), drug susceptibility tests and adenosine-deaminase tests (ADA). Data were obtained from electronic databases (CDC sector) and through surveys (hospital sector), and were estimated for the two sectors and for the country as a whole. Test costs were estimated by staff at China CDC, and using published literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2012, the China CDC and hospital sectors performed a total of 44 million TB diagnostic tests at an overall value of US$294 million. Tests used by the CDC sector were smear microscopy, solid and liquid culture and DST, while the hospital sector also used IGRAs, NAATs, ADA and serology. The hospital sector accounted for 76% of the overall test volume and 94% of the market value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  China has a very large TB diagnostic market that encompasses a wide range of diagnostic tests, with the majority being performed in Chinese hospitals.
authors.affiliation: National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for TB Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 155, Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P R China. zhaoyanlin@chinatb.org.
authors.forename: Y-L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis surveillance and statistics department, China Center for tuberculosis control and prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: S-T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: PATH, Beijing Office, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: PATH, Beijing Office, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Z-Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: UNITAID, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ginnard
authors.affiliation: FIND, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: FIND, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Boehme
authors.affiliation: Independent consultant, currently consulting for FIND and UNITAID, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.affiliation: Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pantoja
authors.affiliation: McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Z Z
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chedore
authors.affiliation: FIND, Geneva, Switzerland; McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Denkinger
authors.affiliation: McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, PO Box 146, 2501 CC The Hague, The Netherlands. sandra.kik@kncvtbc.org.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kik
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059425:Interferon-gamma Release Tests / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D008853:Microscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D014374:Tuberculin Test / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase