title: Successful start-up of the anammox process: Influence of the seeding strategy on performance and granule properties.
abstract: Successful start-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in up-flow sludge blanket reactor was achieved by seeding denitrifying (R0) or mixed denitrifying-anammox granular sludge at a 3:1 volume ratio (R1). The results demonstrated that R1 was successfully started-up on day 40 and had a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.55kgNm(-3)d(-1). By contrast, it took 98days to start up R0 (0.54kgNm(-3)d(-1)). R0 and R1 achieved maximum NRRs of 5.70 and 12.02kgNm(-3)d(-1), respectively. The biogranules from R1 generally possessed greater specific anammox activity (SAA), higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and heme c content, larger granules and greater settling velocity. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to monitor the evolution of the bacterial community. These results demonstrated the feasibility of seeding mixed denitrifying-anammox granular sludge to start-up an anammox reactor.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors.forename: Qian-Qian
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China. Electronic address: smiling1969@163.com.
authors.forename: Man-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China. Electronic address: jrczju@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Ren-Cun
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D058440:Denitrification; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Anammox; Denitrification; High-throughput sequencing; Start-up; qPCR