title: Eclectic Ocular Comorbidities and Systemic Diseases with Eye Involvement: A Review.
abstract: Coexistence of several ocular diseases is more frequent than suspected. In spite of the refractive errors, one or more of the following can be detected simultaneously: glaucoma, cataracts, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and dry eyes. In addition, as people age, ocular comorbidities are much more usually seen. Specific diseases are openly acknowledged to affect the eyes and vision, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension blood pressure, arthritis, hyperthyroidism, neurodegenerative disorders, hematologic malignancies, and/or systemic infections. Recent advances in early diagnosis and therapy of the ophthalmic pathologies have reinforced patient options to prevent visual impairment and blindness. Because of this, it is essential not to overlook sight-threatening conditions such as the ocular comorbidities and/or the eye involvement in the context of systemic disorders. Moreover, the important role of the multidisciplinary cooperation to improve and sustain management of patients affected with eclectic ocular comorbidities and/or systemic disorders with eye repercussion is specifically addressed. This review intends to shed light on these topics to help in making opportune diagnosis and appropriately managing the affected patients.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Fundación Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; Ophthalmology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Pathology (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María D
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0823-8836
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pinazo-Durán
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Fundación Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; Ophthalmology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanón-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Fundación Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Pathology (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Avenida Intendente Jorge Palacios 1, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: García-Medina
authors.affiliation: Retina Division, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Nelson Building, 600 N. Wolf Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: J Fernando
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Arévalo
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Fundación Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Pathology (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallego-Pinazo
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 81 Oxford Street, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nucci
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans