title: Microcalorimetric studies on the energy release of isolated rat mitochondria under different concentrations of gadolinium (III).
abstract: Gadolinium-based compounds are most widely utilized for paramagnetic contrast agents, but, the toxicological mechanism of gadolinium (Gd) had not been fully elucidated since the first report about Gd anomaly. In this work, we analyzed the effect of Gd(3+) on mitochondria in vitro by microcalorimetry. Microcalorimetry can provide detailed kinetic and thermodynamic information from thermogenic curve. At the tested concentration, Gd(3+) induced the increase of growth rate constant (k1). At high concentration (100-500 μM), the maximum power output time (tm), the decline rate constant (-k2) and the time of activity recovery phase (tR) decreased with the addition of Gd(3+) and the maximum power output (Pm) increased. At low concentration (0-100 μM), the changes were different from high concentration. From the results we concluded that the effect of different concentrations of Gd(3+) had a relationship with time, high concentration of Gd(3+) induced mitochondrial energy metabolism disturb however low concentration may promote mitochondrial adaption to physiological stresses. The effect of low concentration of Gd(3+) need more work to elucidate the mechanism. The results of total heat output (Q) and mitochondrial respiratory activities suggested high concentrations of Gd(3+) could accelerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption under respiratory system damaged.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China. Electronic address: yunjiang716@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qing-Lian
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng-Lei
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China. Electronic address: yiliuchem@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002151:Calorimetry; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Gadolinium; Microcalorimetry; Mitochondria; Respiration; Thermokinetics