title: Orthostatic Circulatory Disorders: From Nosology to Nuts and Bolts.
abstract: When patients complain of altered consciousness or discomfort in the upright posture, either relieved by recumbency or culminating in syncope, physicians may find themselves baffled. There is a wide variety of disorders that cause abnormal regulation of blood pressure and pulse rate in the upright posture. The aim of this focused review is 3-fold. First, to offer a classification (nosology) of these disorders; second, to illuminate the mechanisms that underlie them; and third, to assist the physician in the practical aspects of diagnosis of adult orthostatic hypotension, by extending clinical skills with readily available office technology.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Section, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA; htndr@aol.com.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutkin
authors.affiliation: Center for Hypotension, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Julian M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D054971:Orthostatic Intolerance / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: baroreceptor testing; blood pressure measurement; hypertension; immune autonomic insufficiency; neurogenic orthostatic hypotension; orthostatic.