title: Periocular Reconstruction in Patients with Facial Paralysis.
abstract: Facial paralysis can result in serious ocular consequences. All patients with orbicularis oculi weakness in the setting of facial nerve injury should undergo a thorough ophthalmologic evaluation. The main goal of management in these patients is to protect the ocular surface and preserve visual function. Patients with expected recovery of facial nerve function may only require temporary and conservative measures to protect the ocular surface. Patients with prolonged or unlikely recovery of facial nerve function benefit from surgical rehabilitation of the periorbital complex. Current reconstructive procedures are most commonly intended to improve coverage of the eye but cannot restore blink.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oculoplastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Division of Oculoplastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 150 North Robertson Boulevard, Suite 314, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA. Electronic address: gmassry@drmassry.com.
authors.forename: Guy G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Massry
mesh_terms: D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D046608:Synkinesis / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Ectropion; Exposure keratopathy; Eyelid retraction; Facial nerve; Facial paralysis; Paralytic lagophthalmos; Synkinesis