title: Prediction of occult lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and the oropharynx using peritumoral Prospero homeobox protein 1 lymphatic nuclear quantification.
abstract: The use of lymphatic vessel density as a predictor of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has never been reported.
  
  
  
  Staining of the specific lymphatic endothelial cells nuclear marker, PROX1, as an indicator of lymphatic vessel density was determined by counting the number of positive cells in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity and the oropharynx with clinically negative necks. Correlation with histopathological data was established.
  
  
  
  Peritumoral PROX1 lymphatic nuclear count significantly correlated with the detection of OLNM in multivariate analysis (p < .005). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of this parameter was 60%, 95%, 85%, and 90%, respectively.
  
  
  
  Peritumoral PROX1 lymphatic nuclear count in primary SCCs of the oral cavity and the oropharynx allows accurate prediction of occult lymph node metastasis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1407-1415, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mermod
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bongiovanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Oncology, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tatiana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging (LBCMI), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dubikovskaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Genrich
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tolstonog
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Monnier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D013557:Switzerland; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein
keywords: PROX1; microvascular lymphatic density; occult lymph node metastasis; oral squamous cell carcinoma; prognosis