title: Modular Bidentate Hybrid NHC-Thioether Ligands for the Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles in Various Solvents.
abstract: The synthesis of four different bidentate hybrid NHC-thioether ligands is presented. The corresponding palladium nanoparticles are stable in various solvents, depending on the ligand used, and show high chemoselectivity in the hydrogenation of olefins. The solubility of the nanoparticles can be switched multiple times depending on the pH value of the solvent. XPS analysis (which shows a subtle shift in the binding energy) was identified as a convenient tool to establish the binding mode of NHC ligands.
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48419, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rühling
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48419, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Kira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schaepe
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48419, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rakers
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48419, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vonhören
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48419, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tegeder
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48419, Münster, Germany. b.j.ravoo@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Bart Jan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ravoo
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48419, Münster, Germany. glorius@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0648-956X
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Glorius
keywords: N-heterocyclic carbenes; bidentate ligands; hydrogenation; nanoparticles; surface modifications