title: [Canonical Wnt signaling pathway of the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells induced by advanced glycation end products].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the osteogenic differentiation of humanperiodontal ligament stem cells(hPDLSCs) was discussed. Changes in the Wnt signaling pathway during glycation were also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro tissue explanting method was primarily applied. Limiting diluted clone was cultured to obtain hPDLSCs in vitro. The subjects were divided into two groups: the healthy group (N-hPDLSCs) and the AGEs-stimulating group (A-hPDLSCs). Osteoblast mineralization was induced in the experimental groups. The following processes were performed: alizarin red staining; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining; real time polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR) for detecting osteogenic genes and Wnt classical pathway-related factors, DKK-1 and β-catenin; Western blot analysis. Bone protein and β-catenin were correlated in the nuclear expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cells were osteogenically induced. ALP staining showed that the N-hPDLSCs displayed the deepest color. Alizarin red staining indicated that the A-hPDLSCs group had less calcified nodules than the N-hPDLSCs group. The real time PCR results suggested that the expression of relative osteogenic genes in A-hPDLSCs was quite low. Statistically significant differences in differentiation were found between groups (P < 0.05). The Western blot result was similar to that of real time PCR. Classical Wnt signaling pathway-related factor β-catenin was higher in A-hPDLSCs than in N-hPDLSCs. By contrast, DKK-1, which is an inhibitor in the Wnt pathway, had a significantly lower expression rate in A-hPDLSCs than in N-hPDLSCs. The Western blot result also showed that β-catenin expression in the nucleoprotein in A-hPDLSCs was notably higher than in N-hPDLSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AGEs can inhibit hPDLSCs osteogenic differentiation. AGEs induce changes in the normal periodontal ligament stem cells classical Wnt pathway. Canonical Wnt pathway is reactivated because of AGEs stimulation.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Deng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kun
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiaoxia
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010006:Osteoblasts; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D013234:Stem Cells; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin