title: Pharmacotherapy for Erectile Dysfunction: Recommendations From the Fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of erectile dysfunction is based on pharmacotherapy for most patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the current data on pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction based on efficacy, psychosocial outcomes, and safety outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature was undertaken by the committee members. All related articles were critically analyzed and discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of evidence (LEs) and grades of recommendations (GRs) are provided based on a thorough analysis of the literature and committee consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten recommendations are provided. (i) Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are effective, safe, and well-tolerated therapies for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction (LE = 1, GR = A). (ii) There are no significant differences in efficacy, safety, and tolerability among PDE5 inhibitors (LE = 1, GR = A). (iii) PDE5 inhibitors are first-line therapy for most men with erectile dysfunction who do not have a specific contraindication to their use (LE = 3, GR = C). (iv) Intracavernosal injection therapy with alprostadil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for men with erectile dysfunction (LE = 1, GR = A). (v) Intracavernosal injection therapy with alprostadil should be offered to patients as second-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (LE = 3, GR = C). (vi) Intraurethral and topical alprostadil are effective and well-tolerated treatments for men with erectile dysfunction (LE = 1, GR = A). (vii) Intraurethral and topical alprostadil should be considered second-line therapy for erectile dysfunction if available (LE = 3, GR = C). (viii) Dose titration of PDE5 inhibitors to the maximum tolerated dose is strongly recommended because it increases efficacy and satisfaction from treatment (LE = 2, GR = A). (ix) Treatment selection and follow-up should address the psychosocial profile and the needs and expectations of a patient for his sexual life. Shared decision making with the patient (and his partner) is strongly recommended (LE = 2, GR = A). (x) Counterfeit medicines are potentially dangerous. It is strongly recommended that physicians educate their patients to avoid taking any medication from unauthorized sources (LE = 2, GR = A). The first seven recommendations are the same as those from the Third International Consultation for Sexual Medicine and the last three are new recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDE5 inhibitors remain a first-line treatment option because of their excellent efficacy and safety profile. This class of drugs is continually developed with new molecules and new formulations. Intracavernosal injections continue to be an established treatment modality, and intraurethral and topical alprostadil provide an alternative, less invasive treatment option.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Pefka Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: kchatzim@med.auth.gr.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatzimouratidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonia
authors.affiliation: Section of Sexual Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adaikan
authors.affiliation: CETPARP (Centre d'études et de traitement de la pathologie de l'appareil reproducteur), Lille, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buvat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Meliegy
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Albany Medical Caenter, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.affiliation: Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Otavio
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khera
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D000527:Alprostadil
keywords: Erectile Dysfunction; Pharmacotherapy; Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors