title: The Serum Concentrations of Chemokine CXCL12 and Its Specific Receptor CXCR4 in Patients with Esophageal Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent investigations have suggested that upregulated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as chemokines, may be associated with development of many malignancies, including esophageal cancer (EC). Based on our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the serum concentration of chemokine CXCL12 and its specific receptor CXCR4 in the diagnosis of EC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study included 79 subjects: 49 patients with EC and 30 healthy volunteers. The serum concentrations of CXCL12 and CXCR4 and classical tumor markers such as carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA) and squamous cell cancer antigen (SCC-Ag) were measured using immunoenzyme assays, while C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed by immunoturbidimetric method. Moreover, diagnostic criteria of all proteins tested and the survival of EC patients were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum concentrations of CXCL12 were significantly higher, while those of its receptor CXCR4 were significantly lower in EC patients compared to healthy controls. The diagnostic sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CXCR4 were the highest among all analyzed proteins and increased for combined analysis with classical tumor markers and CRP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that serum CXCR4 may improve the diagnosis of EC patients, especially in combination with classical tumor markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łukaszewicz-Zając
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mroczko
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozłowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmitkowski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000097:blood*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4