title: Effect of Breastfeeding Duration on Cognitive Development in Infants: 3-Year Follow-up Study.
abstract: We investigated the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development in infants during their first 3 years. The present study was a part of the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, which was a multi-center birth cohort project in Korea that began in 2006. A total of 697 infants were tested at age 12, 24, and 36 months using the Korean version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II). The use and duration of breastfeeding and formula feeding were measured. The relationship between breastfeeding and the mental development index (MDI) score was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated a positive correlation between breastfeeding duration and MDI score. After adjusting for covariates, infants who were breastfed for ≥ 9 months had significantly better cognitive development than those who had not been breastfed. These results suggest that the longer duration of breastfeeding improves cognitive development in infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Child Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea .
authors.forename: Hyungmin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4512-5320
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Family Welfare, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea .
authors.forename: Hyewon
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2074-6128
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Eunhee
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4224-3858
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9010-7271
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea .
authors.forename: Mina
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1011-9446
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Hyesook
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9359-6522
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Bung-Nyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2403-3291
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea .
authors.forename: Boeun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9032-9656
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea .
authors.forename: Soo-Jeong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9272-6770
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea .
authors.forename: Kyung Yeon
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6821-1056
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea .
authors.forename: Ja Hyeong
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0691-1924
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea .
authors.forename: Kyoung Sook
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6897-8289
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea .
authors.forename: Yangho
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6462-0829
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea
keywords: Breastfeeding; Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II); Mental Development Index