title: Associations between increased renal resistive index and cardiovascular events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Renal resistive index (RI) measured by Doppler ultrasonography is associated with renal impairment. We investigated the relationship between RI and cardiac function, and evaluated the utility of RI for predicting cardiac events in patients with CVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal Doppler ultrasonography and echocardiography were performed in a total of 452 patients with CVD. Correlations of RI with serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significant but not strong (r = 0.37, p < 0.001; r = -0.42, p < 0.001, respectively). RI correlated positively with age, left atrial volume index, left ventricular mass index, and early transmitral velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e') ratio (E/e'), and showed significant negative correlations with e' and diastolic blood pressure. Between two subgroups-112 patients hospitalized with cardiovascular events (Group A) and 200 age- and eGFR-matched controls (Group B)-RI was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B, although age and eGFR were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RI reflects the impairment of intrarenal hemodynamics that cannot be adequately elucidated by eGFR alone. Assessment of renal RI may be useful in conjunction with prognostic estimates for patients with CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan. kkaoru@hnh.hosp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Misaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soutome
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Teisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anzai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Cardiac events; Cardiovascular disease; Renal Doppler ultrasonography; Resistive index