title: 4D Flow MRI in Neuroradiology: Techniques and Applications.
abstract: Assessment of the intracranial flow is important for the understanding and management of cerebral vascular diseases. From brain aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations lesions to intracranial and cervical stenosis, the appraisal of the blood flow can be crucial and influence positively on patients' management. The determination of the intracranial hemodynamics and the collateral pattern seems to play to a major role in the management of these lesions. 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive phase contrast derived method that has been developed and applied in neurovascular diseases. It has a great potential if followed by further technical improvements and comprehensive and systematic clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging †Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ‡Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Vitor Mendes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delattre
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brina
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouillot
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020293:Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*