title: Sensitivity of African swine fever virus to type I interferon is linked to genes within multigene families 360 and 505.
abstract: African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a lethal haemorrhagic disease of pigs. There are conflicting reports on the role of interferon in ASFV infection. We therefore analysed the interaction of ASFV with porcine interferon, in vivo and in vitro. Virulent ASFV induced biologically active IFN in the circulation of pigs from day 3-post infection, whereas low virulent OUR T88/3, which lacks genes from multigene family (MGF) 360 and MGF505, did not. Infection of porcine leucocytes enriched for dendritic cells, with ASFV, in vitro, induced high levels of interferon, suggesting a potential source of interferon in animals undergoing acute ASF. Replication of OUR T88/3, but not virulent viruses, was reduced in interferon pretreated macrophages and a recombinant virus lacking similar genes to those absent in OUR T88/3 was also inhibited. These findings suggest that as well as inhibiting the induction of interferon, MGF360 and MGF505 genes also enable ASFV to overcome the antiviral state.
authors.affiliation: Vaccinology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Josephine P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.affiliation: ASFV Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Lynnette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goatley
authors.affiliation: Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodbourn
authors.affiliation: ASFV Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: Vaccinology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Vaccinology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK. Electronic address: chris.netherton@pirbright.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Netherton
mesh_terms: D000357:African Swine Fever / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000358:African Swine Fever Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005814:Genes, Viral; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology*; D005810:Multigene Family; D013552:Swine; D014709:Vero Cells; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I
keywords: African swine fever virus; Asfarviridae; Cytokine; Dendritic cell; Immune evasion; Innate immunity; Interferon; Macrophage; Multigene family; Pig