title: Standardization of Administered Activities in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine: A Report of the First Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative Project, Part 2-Current Standards and the Path Toward Global Standardization.
abstract: The Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative (NMGI) was formed in 2012 and consists of 13 international organizations with direct involvement in nuclear medicine. The underlying objectives of the NMGI are to promote human health by advancing the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, encourage global collaboration in education, and harmonize procedure guidelines and other policies that ultimately lead to improvements in quality and safety in the field throughout the world. For its first project, the NMGI decided to consider the issues involved in the standardization of administered activities in pediatric nuclear medicine. It was decided to divide the final report of this project into 2 parts. Part 1 was published in this journal in the spring of 2015. This article presents part 2 of the final report. It discusses current standards for administered activities in children and adolescents that have been developed by various professional organizations. It also presents an evaluation of the current practice of pediatric nuclear medicine specifically with regard to administered activities as determined by an international survey of 313 nuclear medicine clinics and centers from 29 countries. Lastly, it provides recommendations for a path toward global standardization of the administration of radiopharmaceuticals in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts frederic.fahey@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Frederic H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Henry Hee-Seung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Bom
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lassmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire Régional de Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laurin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Spanish Association Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mut
authors.affiliation: Section of Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nuñez-Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Darin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Prasanta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Hospital, and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shaoli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, DurbanKwaZulu, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nischal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Mayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xalapa Medical Center, Xalapa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards*; D011874:Radiometry; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012015:Reference Standards
keywords: administered activity; dosimetry; pediatrics