title: A Randomized Phase 1 Dose Escalation Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Trabodenoson in Healthy Adult Volunteers.
abstract: To investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of trabodenoson, a highly selective adenosine mimetic targeting the adenosine A1receptor.
  
  
  
  In Part 1, 60 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to 14 days of twice-daily topical monocular application of placebo or trabodenoson (200, 400, 800, 1,600, 2,400, or 3,200 μg). In Part 2, 10 subjects were randomized to placebo or 8 escalating doses of bilateral trabodenoson (total daily doses: 1,800-6,400 μg).
  
  
  
  The incidence of treatment-related adverse events in Part 1 was similar in the trabodenoson (27.8%) and placebo (25.0%) groups. Most were mild in intensity. The most common adverse events (AEs) for trabodenoson and placebo were headache (25.0% vs. 33%, respectively) and eye pain (11.1% vs. 4.2%, respectively). Ocular AEs were infrequent (16.7% and 17.9%, respectively), were self-limited, lasted <24 h, and were typically mild in intensity. The most common ocular AE was eye pain (9.5% and 3.6%, respectively), with a single observation of ocular hyperemia (200 μg trabodenoson). Trabodenoson was rapidly absorbed [median time to maximum concentration (tmax): ∼0.08 to 0.27 h] and eliminated (t½: 0.48-2.0 h), with no evidence of drug accumulation. Systemic exposure to topical trabodenoson was dose related but not dose proportional, with a plateau effect at doses ≥2,400 mg per eye. No clinically significant treatment-related systemic AEs were observed, and increasing systemic exposure had no effect on heart rate or blood pressure.
  
  
  
  Ocular doses of trabodenoson up to 3,200 μg per eye were safe and well tolerated in the eye and resulted in no detectable systemic effects in healthy adult volunteers.
authors.affiliation: 1 Scheie Eye Institute , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laties
authors.affiliation: 2 Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation , Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Cadmus C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: 3 Covance Global Clinical Pharmacology , Evansville, Indiana.
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoltz
authors.affiliation: 4 Evansville Heart Center , Evansville, Indiana.
authors.forename: Vernon
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.affiliation: 2 Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation , Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brickman
authors.affiliation: 2 Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation , Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McVicar
authors.affiliation: 2 Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation , Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005123:Eye / Q000503:physiopathology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced
keywords: Trabodenoson; adenosine; intraocular pressure; ocular hypertension; primary open angle glaucoma; trabecular meshwork