title: Chloramphenicol - A Potent Armament Against Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Gram Negative Bacilli?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria cause infections which are hard to treat and cause high morbidity and mortality. Due to limited therapeutic options there is a renewed interest upon older antimicrobials which had fallen into disuse as a result of toxic side effects. One such antibiotic is chloramphenicol which was sidelined due to reports linking its use with the development of aplastic anaemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of chloramphenicol in light of the emerging problem of multi-drug resistant gram negative bacteria (MDR GNB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 483 MDR GNB of the 650 consecutive Gram Negative Bacteria isolated from various clinical samples of patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur between January-June 2014 were screened for chloramphenicol susceptibility by the disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDR GNB isolates were obtained from 217 (45%) urine, 163 (34%) from respiratory samples, 52(11%) from pus, 42 (9%) from blood and 9 (2%) from body fluids. A 68% of the MDR GNB isolates were found to be sensitive to chloramphenicol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should always check for the local susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to chloramphenicol. This antibiotic has a potential to play a role in the therapeutic management of infections due to MDR GNB pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Senior Microbiologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine (SRL Ltd.), Fortis Escorts Hospital , Jaipur, India .
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
keywords: Antimicrobials; Disc diffusion method; Gram negative bacteria