title: A randomised controlled trial comparing oxytocin and oxytocin + ergometrine for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage at caesarean section.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Globally 166 000 women die annually as a result of obstetric haemorrhage. More than 50% of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Uterine atony is the commonest cause of severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Bleeding at or after caesarean section (CS) is responsible for &gt;30% of maternal deaths due to obstetric haemorrhage in South Africa (SA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare oxytocin alone with oxytocin + ergometrine in terms of primary prophylaxis for PPH at the time of CS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind randomised controlled interventional study comparing oxytocin with oxytocin + ergometrine administered during CS. Patients were randomised to receive oxytocin alone intravenously as a bolus or oxytocin + ergometrine intramuscularly, with the placebo being an injection of sterile water. The study population consisted of women undergoing CS at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital in Atteridgeville, Gauteng, SA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and forty women were randomised and data for 416 women, of whom 214 received oxytocin and 202 oxytocin + ergometrine, were available for analysis. In the oxytocin group 19 women (8.9%) required blood transfusion, compared with seven (3.5%) in the oxytocin + ergometrine group (p=0.01; relative risk = 2.78; 95% confidence interval 1.21 - 6.4). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean estimated visual and mean calculated blood loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall need for blood transfusion was significantly reduced by about two-thirds in women receiving the oxytocin + ergometrine combination. Consideration should be given to using oxytocin + ergometrine for prophylaxis of PPH at CS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa. sandy.koen811@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koen
authors.forename: Leon Cornelius
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Snyman
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pattinson
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Makin