title: Dietary Fatty Acids from Leaves of Clerodendrum Volubile Induce Cell Cycle Arrest, Downregulate Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression, and Modulate Redox Status in Human Breast Cancer.
abstract: The antiproliferative effect of the fatty acid components of Clerodendrum volubile leaves as well as its antioxidant effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were investigated. Fatty acids extracted from C. volubile leaf oil were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. The cells were cultured and treated with the fatty acids for 48 h, after which the antiproliferation effect was ascertained via MTT assay and cell viability analysis using BD fluorescence activated cells sorting (FACS) Calibur. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry on FACS Calibur. Western blotting was used in determining expression of proteins in the cell lines. The treated cell lines were assessed for reduced glutathione level, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation. The fatty acids significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested G0/G1 phase, downregulated the expression of MMP-9, and attenuated oxidative stress in of MCF-7 cell lines but had little or no effect on MDA-MB-231 cell lines. These results indicate the therapeutic potential of the fatty acids components of the leaves of C. volubile on human breast cancer, which may be explored further in drug development.
authors.affiliation: a Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research , Oshodi , Lagos , Nigeria.|b Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Adamawa State University , Mubi , Nigeria.|c Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ochuko L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Erukainure
authors.affiliation: b Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Adamawa State University , Mubi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Moses Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Zaruwa
authors.affiliation: c Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: M Iqbal
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: c Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: S Asma
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.affiliation: c Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: c Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rahman M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hafizur
authors.affiliation: c Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan.|d Department of Biochemistry , Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Kaduna State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aliyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biochemistry , University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Osaretin A T
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ebuehi
authors.affiliation: a Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research , Oshodi , Lagos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Gloria N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Elemo
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D032409:Clerodendrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9