title: Degree of Conversion of Self-etch Adhesives: In Situ Micro-Raman Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Degree of conversion (DC) affects the physicochemical properties of dental adhesives. The aim of this study was to measure the DC within the hybrid layer of four one-step self-etch adhesives using Raman microspectroscopy. The hypothesis tested was that there was no difference among the tested adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  The selected one-step self-etch adhesives (Clearfil S3Bond Plus, I-BOND, G-BOND, and Adper Easy Bond) were applied on human dentin disks and polymerized in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. Specimens were transversally cut to expose the bonded interfaces to the micro-Raman beam, and Raman spectra were collected along the dentin/adhesive interface. Measurements were performed at 1-μm intervals. The relative intensities of bands associated with the C=C bond (at 1640 cm-1) and an internal stable peak (1610 cm-1) were determined to calculate the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer. Data were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Bartlett tests and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DC ranked as follows: G-BOND (93%±6%) ≥ Adper Easy Bond (92%±6%) ≥ I-BOND (89%±7%) > Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (80%±14%) (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of this study, all of the tested self-etch adhesives showed a clinically acceptable DC that was material dependent.
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Navarra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadenaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frassetto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fontanive
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Lenarda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breschi