title: Age differences in suggestibility to contradictions of demonstrated knowledge: the influence of prior knowledge.
abstract: People maintain intact general knowledge into very old age and use it to support remembering. Interestingly, when older and younger adults encounter errors that contradict general knowledge, older adults suffer fewer memorial consequences: Older adults use fewer recently-encountered errors as answers for later knowledge questions. Why do older adults show this reduced suggestibility, and what role does their intact knowledge play? In three experiments, I examined suggestibility following exposure to errors in fictional stories that contradict general knowledge. Older adults consistently demonstrated more prior knowledge than younger adults but also gained access to even more across time. Additionally, they did not show a reduction in new learning from the stories, indicating lesser involvement of episodic memory failures. Critically, when knowledge was stably accessible, older adults relied more heavily on that knowledge compared to younger adults, resulting in reduced suggestibility. Implications for the broader role of knowledge in aging are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Claremont McKenna College , Claremont , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Sharda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umanath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D013404:Suggestion; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; knowledge; memory; semantic illusions; suggestibility