title: Analysis of Tea Geometrid (Ectropis grisescens) Pheromone Gland Extracts Using GC-EAD and GC×GC/TOFMS.
abstract: The tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens Warren, is one of the most severe defoliator insect pests in tea plantations, China. The use of insecticides, etc., is forbidden on organic tea plantations. No female-produced sex pheromones of E. grisescens had been previously identified. In the present study, female gland extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) using a time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector (TOFMS). Two components, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene (Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy) and (Z,Z)-3,9-6,7-epoxyoctadecadiene (Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy), were identified from pheromone gland extracts, and their electrophysiological and behavioral activity evaluated. Under laboratory conditions, Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy elicited a stronger electrophysiological response than Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy. In the field, traps baited with Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy alone showed better results than traps baited with Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy, and the binary mixture of Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy and Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy in a ratio of 4:1 (approximate ratio of females emitting pheromone) caught more males than the single components or any other blends. This study showed that Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy and Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy are the sex pheromone components of E. grisescens and that they prove useful in developing alternative management tools for the pest.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tea Plants Biology and Resources Utilization of Agriculture Ministry, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tea Plants Biology and Resources Utilization of Agriculture Ministry, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Geng
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Qi
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009036:Moths / Q000737:chemistry*; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants
keywords: Ectropis grisescens; field bioassay; identification; sex pheromone