title: Morphological and phylogenetic investigations for several cryptic ant-plants found in Callicarpa (Lamiaceae) from Borneo.
abstract: A tropical small tree, Callicarpa saccata, is known to have a symbiotic relationship with ants. It has sac-like structures at the base of the leaves that are inhabited by ants. No other species has been determined to be a myrmecophyte among the ca. 140 species of this genus. However, our recent field investigation discovered that two other species on Borneo (C. barbata and C. teneriflora) have hollow stems, which seem to be inhabited by ants. We observed the morphological features of these species in relation to their usage by ants, and became convinced that they are mymecophytic species. The molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and chloroplast regions suggest that C. saccata and C. teneriflora are closely related, but the differences in the myrmecophytic features of these species should be noted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, The Univesity of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarath
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.|Institute of Natural Environmental Sciences, Hyogo Prefectural University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1546, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, The Univesity of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazune
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ezaki
authors.affiliation: Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Jl. Juanda 18, PO Box 332, Bogor, 16122, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dedy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darnaedi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, The Univesity of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.|Bio-Next Project, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Yamate Build. #3, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukaya
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan. soejima@sci.kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soejima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001893:Borneo; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: Ant-plant; Borneo; Callicarpa; Coevolution; Myrmecophyte; Phylogeny