title: Cordyceps sinensis Oral Liquid Inhibits Damage Induced by Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation in SH-SY5Y Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cordyceps sinensis has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. It has been demonstrated to have a variety of biological activities, and an extract of it has been demonstrated to possess a protective effect in occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia of the middle cerebral artery in rats. It could be explored as an agent for treatment of ischemic stroke, and the mechanisms need to be studied further.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study intended to investigate the protective effects of the Cordyceps sinensis oral liquid (CSOL) against damage induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in SH-SY5Y cells. DESIGN • The research team designed an in vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study occurred at the Naval Medical Research Institute in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to CSOL in doses of 0.01, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL, creating 5 intervention groups. The OGD condition was induced by transfer of the cells from high-glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) in a box gassed with air containing 5% CO2 to glucose-free DMEM in a box gassed with 94% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2. Like the cells for the interventions groups, the cells for a model group were cultured with high-glucose DMEM and were transferred to the OGD, but they received no dose of COSL. Cells in a control group were cultured with high-glucose DMEM, were not transferred to the OGD condition, and did not receive any dose of COSL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was assayed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The apoptosis and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry, and the protein expression of caspase-3 was observed by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exposure to OGD, the cell viability of cells treated with 0.01, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL of CSOL increased in a dose-effect relationship. Compared with the cells in the model group, the treatment of CSOL at all the experimental concentrations significantly inhibited both the cell apoptosis (P < .01) and the capase-3 activation (P < .01). The MMP dissipation in the cells of the model group increased significantly compared with those of the control group (P < .01). The treatment with all doses of CSOL significantly inhibited the MMP dissipation (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSOL protects against the damage induced by OGD through inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.
authors.forename: Ying-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Yu-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jia-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D032661:Cordyceps; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen