title: Can bone marrow aspirate concentrate change the mineralization pattern of the anterior maxilla treated with xenografts? A preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate bony reconstruction of the atrophic anterior maxilla using particulate grafts with or without autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with atrophy of the anterior maxilla due to teeth loss were selected and split into groups according to the type of material used: Control Group (CG) (n = 4) - particulate xenograft only and Test Group (TG) (n = 4) - a combination of particulate xenograft and BMAC. Both groups received a collagen membrane to cover the xenograft. After 4 months, during implant placement, a sample of bone was removed from the graft area using a 2 mm diameter trephine bur. The specimens were fixed and preserved for histomorphometric evaluation, which included the following parameters: Mineralized tissue (MT) and non-MT (NMT). Cone beam computed tomography was performed at 3 time intervals to measure bone thickness: (1) Before grafting, (2) 4 months and (3) 8 months postgrafting, using localized bone gain (mm) as the outcome variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tomographic analysis revealed bone gain in CG of 3.78 ± 1.35 mm and 4.34 ± 1.58 mm at 4 and 8 months, respectively. TG showed an increase of 3.79 ± 0.52 mm and 4.09 ± 1.33 mm after 4 and 8 months, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that, for CG, MT- and NMT-related values were 52.3% ± 16.78% and 47.70% ± 5.55%, respectively, whereas for TG, they were 65.04% ± 20.98% and 34.96 ± 10.38, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although radiographic bone gain appeared similar between the groups, the use of BMAC obtained via the BMAC(®) method revealed an increased mineralization trend in the anterior maxilla. It must be highlighted, however, that this is a preliminary study with a relatively small sample population and further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Antonio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pelegrine
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Lucchesi
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sperandio
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Sousa
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Almada
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karl Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kahnberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo José
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Aloise
keywords: Bone marrow; bone regeneration; stem cells