title: Quiet T1-Weighted Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition for Assessing Myelination in the Pediatric Brain.
abstract: T1-weighted pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) sequences require limited gradient activity and allow quiet scanning. We aimed to assess the usefulness of PETRA in pediatric brain imaging.
  
  
  
  We included consecutive pediatric patients who underwent both MPRAGE and PETRA. The contrast-to-noise and contrast ratios between WM and GM were compared in the cerebellar WM, internal capsule, and corpus callosum. The degree of myelination was rated by using 4-point scales at each of these locations plus the subcortical WM in the anterior frontal, anterior temporal, and posterior occipital lobes. Two radiologists made all assessments, and the intra- and interrater agreement was calculated by using intraclass correlation coefficients. Acoustic noise on MPRAGE and PETRA was measured.
  
  
  
  We included 56 patients 5 days to 14 years of age (mean age, 36.6 months) who underwent both MPRAGE and PETRA. The contrast-to-noise and contrast ratios for PETRA were significantly higher than those for MPRAGE (P < .05), excluding the signal ratio for cerebellar WM. Excellent intra- and interrater agreement were obtained for myelination at all locations except the cerebellar WM. The acoustic noise on PETRA (58.2 dB[A]) was much lower than that on MPRAGE (87.4 dB[A]).
  
  
  
  PETRA generally showed better objective imaging quality without a difference in subjective image-quality evaluation and produced much less acoustic noise compared with MPRAGE. We conclude that PETRA can substitute for MPRAGE in pediatric brain imaging.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (N.A., T.N., Y.F., K.N., M.E.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2776-2115
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (N.A., T.N., Y.F., K.N., M.E.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan Department of Radiology (T.N.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan niwat@tokai-u.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2861-0057
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (N.A., T.N., Y.F., K.N., M.E.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3362-670X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (N.A., T.N., Y.F., K.N., M.E.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0006-092X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (N.A., T.N., Y.F., K.N., M.E.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8652-5742
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enokizono
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare K.K. (K.M.), Ohsaki, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0615-7116
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy (T.O.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7678-5033
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009186:Myelin Sheath; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*