title: Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity Effect of Cocoa Beans Subjected to Different Processing Conditions in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: Lung cancer is a common malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the western world. Phenolic cocoa ingredients have a strong antioxidative activity and the potential to have a protective effect against cancer. In the present study, we have evaluated the influence of cocoa beans subjected to different processing conditions on cell viability and apoptosis of human lung cancer cells (A549). We measured the viability of lung cells treated with cocoa beans, unroasted slates (US), roasted slates (RS), unroasted well fermented (UWF) cocoa, and roasted well fermented (RWF) cocoa for 24 h. Using an MTT assay, we observed a decrease in the viability of A549 cells after treatment with cocoa bean extracts. Flow cytometer analysis revealed that cocoa beans increased the percentage of cells in sub-G1 phase and promoted up to twofold increase of apoptotic cells when compared to the control group. Taken together, the present study suggests that cocoa beans may have a protective effect against lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joel Pimentel
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina, S/N, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hilana Salete Silva
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina, S/N, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aristoteles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goes-Neto
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriela Bello
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Koblitz
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Junger
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0949-9528
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Teodoro
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003603:Cytotoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts