title: Bioconversion of volatile fatty acids derived from waste activated sludge into lipids by Cryptococcus curvatus.
abstract: Pure volatile fatty acid (VFA) solution derived from waste activated sludge (WAS) was used to produce microbial lipids as culture medium in this study, which aimed to realize the resource recovery of WAS and provide low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production simultaneously. Cryptococcus curvatus was selected among three oleaginous yeast to produce lipids with VFAs derived from WAS. In batch cultivation, lipid contents increased from 10.2% to 16.8% when carbon to nitrogen ratio increased from about 3.5 to 165 after removal of ammonia nitrogen by struvite precipitation. The lipid content further increased to 39.6% and the biomass increased from 1.56g/L to 4.53g/L after cultivation for five cycles using sequencing batch culture (SBC) strategy. The lipids produced from WAS-derived VFA solution contained nearly 50% of monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, ginkgolic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, which showed the adequacy of biodiesel production.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Heng
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: hxf@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiang-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003454:Cryptococcus; D003470:Culture Media; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D003470:Culture Media; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D008055:Lipids; D012722:Sewage; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Microbial lipids; Oleaginous yeast; Sequencing batch culture strategy; Sludge; Volatile fatty acids