title: A Theoretical Model of Jigsaw-Puzzle Pattern Formation by Plant Leaf Epidermal Cells.
abstract: Plant leaf epidermal cells exhibit a jigsaw puzzle-like pattern that is generated by interdigitation of the cell wall during leaf development. The contribution of two ROP GTPases, ROP2 and ROP6, to the cytoskeletal dynamics that regulate epidermal cell wall interdigitation has already been examined; however, how interactions between these molecules result in pattern formation remains to be elucidated. Here, we propose a simple interface equation model that incorporates both the cell wall remodeling activity of ROP GTPases and the diffusible signaling molecules by which they are regulated. This model successfully reproduces pattern formation observed in vivo, and explains the counterintuitive experimental results of decreased cellulose production and increased thickness. Our model also reproduces the dynamics of three-way cell wall junctions. Therefore, this model provides a possible mechanism for cell wall interdigitation formation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|Research and Development Division, LPixel Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumaro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kutsuna
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takigawa-Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019521:Body Patterning; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019295:Computational Biology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008954:Models, Biological; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; C518506:ROP6 protein, Arabidopsis; C499714:AT1G20090 protein, Arabidopsis