title: [VIRAL HEPATITIS C: EVOLUTION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROCESS, EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUS].
abstract: Periodization of the evolution of epidemic process of hepatitis C is given based on the results of phylodynamic, phylogeographic, historic and demographic studies: invasion of the virus into European and North-American population in 1700-1850; primary activation of the epidemic process in the years of the World War 1; expansive giowth of prevalence in 40--60s of the 20th century due to mass parenteral interventions; new rise due to heroine drug abuse in 60--80s of the 20th century; manifold reduction of incidence of acute hepatitis C in industrial countries for the last 10-15 years as a result of general medical measures of prevention of hemocontact infec-tions. A problem of possibility of hepatitis C management and necessity of evaluation of effectiveness of existing prophylaxis measures involving quantitative analytical methods of epidemiology is discussed. Data from phylogenetic studies on stages of hepatitis C virus evolution (HCV) are provided: division of its root genetic lineage with homologous hepaciviruses of animals 985--2013 years ago; division of HCV into genotypes 500--2000 years ago; division of genotypes into subtypes 70--300 years ago. Contribution of mutations and genetic recombinations into HCV evolution is discussed. Genotyping is stated as an inefficient approach for determination of pathogenicity determinants, immune evasion, non-responsiveness to therapy, as well as search for predictors of infection outcome. A necessity of genomic approach for these aims is justified, as well as for risk monitoring, ensuing from continuing evolution and biodiversity of HCV and other hepaciviruses.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zhebrun
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Kalinina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents