title: Effects of n-3 pufas on fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance in patients with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate if a supplementation with n-3 PUFAs at high doses could give a regression of the condition of impaired glycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  we enrolled 281 overweight/obese patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); 138 subjects were randomized to n-3 PUFAs group, 1 g three times a day, and 143 to placebo for 18 months. We assessed at baseline, and after 9, and 18 months: circumferences, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), HOMA-index, lipid profile. At baseline and at the end of the study, all patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  we observed a decrease of glycemia and HOMA-IR with n-3 PUFAs, compared to baseline, and to placebo. Fasting plasma insulin decreased with n-3 PUFAs and increased with placebo. HDL-cholesterol increased after 18 months of n-3 PUFAs, while triglycerides decreased compared to baseline and to placebo. After OGTT performed at the end of the study, more patients returned to a condition of euglycemia with n-3 PUFAs compared to placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  n-3 PUFAs were effective in reducing glycemia in patients affected by IFG or IGT and seem to be helpful to slow the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(3):316-322, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, PAVIA, Italy.|Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, PAVIA, Italy.|Center for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.|Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Disease Department, University of Bologna, BOLOGNA, Italy.
authors.forename: Arrigo F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, PAVIA, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Disease Department, University of Bologna, BOLOGNA, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, PAVIA, Italy.|PhD School in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, PAVIA, Italy.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007328:Insulin
keywords: diabetes; glucose; insulin resistance; omega-3 fatty acids