title: 1-Octanol, a self-inhibitor of spore germination in Penicillium camemberti.
abstract: Penicillium camemberti is a technologically relevant fungus used to manufacture mold-ripened cheeses. This fungal species produces many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including ammonia, methyl-ketones, alcohols and esters. Although it is now well known that VOCs can act as signaling molecules, nothing is known about their involvement in P. camemberti lifecycle. In this study, spore germination was shown to be self-regulated by quorum sensing in P. camemberti. This phenomenon, also called "crowding effect", is population-dependent (i.e. observed at high population densities). After determining the volatile nature of the compounds involved in this process, 1-octanol was identified as the main compound produced at high-spore density using GC-MS. Its inhibitory effect was confirmed in vitro and 3 mM 1-octanol totally inhibited spore germination while 100 μM only transiently inhibited spore germination. This is the first time that self-inhibition of spore germination is demonstrated in P. camemberti. The obtained results provide interesting perspectives for better control of mold-ripened cheese processes.
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, EA 3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gillot
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, EA 3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IUT de Quimper, 2, Rue de L'Université, 29200, Quimper, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Decourcelle
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, EA 3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IUT de Quimper, 2, Rue de L'Université, 29200, Quimper, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dauer
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, EA 3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbier
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, EA 3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coton
authors.affiliation: Université de Rennes 1, UEB, UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR PNSCM, 2 Avenue Du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delmail
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, EA 3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France. Electronic address: jerome.mounier@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mounier
mesh_terms: D020003:1-Octanol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010407:Penicillium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D020003:1-Octanol
keywords: 1-Octanol; 1-octanol (PubChem CID: 957); 1-octen-3-ol (PubChem CID: 18827); 2-heptanone (PubChem CID: 8051); 2-methyl-1-butanol (PubChem CID: 8723); 2-nonanone (PubChem CID: 13187); 3-methyl-1-butanol (PubChem CID: 31260); 3-octanone (PubChem CID: 246728); Cheese; Germination; Penicillium camemberti; Quorum sensing; ammonia (PubChem CID: 222); ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); trans-2-octen-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5318599)