title: Preliminary assessment of metal-porcelain bonding strength of CoCrW alloy after 3wt.% Cu addition.
abstract: In this work, a novel Cu-bearing CoCrW alloy fabricated by selective laser melting for dental application has been studied. For its successful application, the bonding strength of metal-porcelain is essential to be systematically investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the metal-porcelain bonding strength of CoCrWCu alloy by three-point bending test, meanwhile the Ni-free CoCrW alloy was used as control. The oxygen content was investigated by an elemental analyzer; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the surface chemical composition of CoCrW based alloy after preoxidation treatment; the fracture mode was investigated by X-ray energy spectrum analysis (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result from the oxygen content analysis showed that the content of oxygen dramatically increased after the Cu addition. And the XPS suggested that Co-oxidation, Cr2O3, CrO2, WO3, Cu2O and CuO existed on the preoxidated surface of the CoCrWCu alloy; the three-point bending test showed that the bonding strength of the CoCrWCu alloy was 43.32 MPa, which was lower than that of the CoCrW group of 47.65 MPa. However, the average metal-porcelain bonding strength is significantly higher than the minimum value in the ISO 9693 standard. Results from the SEM images and EDS indicated that the fracture mode of CoCrWCu-porcelain was mixed between cohesive and adhesive. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be indicated that the Cu-bearing CoCrW alloy fabricated by the selective laser melting is a promising candidate for use in dental application.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chaoqian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yiliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Chunguang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Songquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China. Electronic address: kyang@imr.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, China. Electronic address: franklin@fjirsm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jinxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003300:Copper; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Bonding strength; CoCrW alloy; Cu element; Dental application; Selective laser melting