title: Properties of a novel polysiloxane-guttapercha calcium silicate-bioglass-containing root canal sealer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Root canal filling sealers based on polymethyl hydrogensiloxane or polymethyl hydrogensiloxane-guttapercha--introduced to improve the quality of conventional guttapercha-based and resin-based systems--showed advantages in handiness and clinical application. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical-physical properties of a novel polysiloxane-guttapercha calcium silicate-containing root canal sealer (GuttaFlow bioseal).
  
  
  METHODS
  GuttaFlow bioseal was examined and compared with GuttaFlow2, RoekoSeal and MTA Fillapex sealers. Setting times, open and impervious porosity and apparent porosity, water sorption, weight loss, calcium release, and alkalinizing activity were evaluated. ESEM-EDX-Raman analyses of fresh materials and after soaking in simulated body fluid were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marked differences were obtained among the materials. GuttaFlow bioseal showed low solubility and porosity, high water sorption, moderate calcium release and good alkalinizing activity. MTA Fillapex showed the highest calcium release, alkalinizing activity and solubility, RoekoSeal the lowest calcium release, no alkalinizing activity, very low solubility and water sorption. Only GuttaFlow bioseal showed apatite forming ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GuttaFlow bioseal showed alkalinizing activity together with negligible solubility and slight calcium release. Therefore, the notable nucleation of apatite and apatite precursors can be related to the co-operation of CaSi particles (SiOH groups) with polysiloxane (SiOSi groups). The incorporation of a calcium silicate component into polydimethyl polymethylhydrogensiloxane guttapercha sealers may represent an attractive strategy to obtain a bioactive biointeractive flowable guttapercha sealer for moist/bleeding apices with bone defects in endodontic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: mgiovanna.gandolfi@unibo.it.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gandolfi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siboni
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prati
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D017640:Silicates; D012833:Siloxanes
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D012833:Siloxanes; D006171:Gutta-Percha; C031293:calcium silicate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Apatite; Calcium release; Calcium silicate bioglass; GuttaFlow; GuttaFlow bioseal; MTA Fillapex; Polydimethylsiloxane gutta-percha root canal sealers; Porosity; RoekoSeal; Solubility