title: Milk fat globule membrane coating of large lipid droplets in the diet of young mice prevents body fat accumulation in adulthood.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated protective effects of breast-feeding on childhood obesity. Differences between human milk and infant milk formula (IMF) in dietary lipid structure may contribute to this effect. In our mouse model, feeding a diet containing large lipid droplets coated with phospholipids (PL) (Nuturis®; PL of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction origin) in early life protected against excessive body fat accumulation following a diet challenge in adult life. We now set out to determine the relevance of increased droplet size and/or MFGM lipid droplet coating to the observed anti-obesogenic effects in adult life. From day 16 to 42, male mouse pups were exposed to diets with small (S) or large (L) lipid droplets (0·3 v. 2·9 µm average mode diameter, respectively), either without MFGM or with MFGM coating around the lipid droplet, resulting in four groups: S (control diet), L, Scoating and Lcoating (Nuturis® IMF diet). Mice were subsequently challenged with a Western-style diet until dissection at postnatal day 98. A non-challenged group served as reference (REF). We repeatedly determined body composition between postnatal day 42 and 98. At day 98 plasma and gene expression measurements were performed. Only the Nuturis® IMF diet (Lcoating) in early life containing MFGM-coated large lipid droplets reduced body fat mass to a level comparable with the REF group. These data support the notion that the structural aspects of lipids in human milk, for example, both lipid droplet size as well as the MFGM coating, may contribute to its reported protective effect against obesity in later life.
authors.affiliation: 1Danone Nutricia Research,3584 CT Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.affiliation: 1Danone Nutricia Research,3584 CT Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oosting
authors.affiliation: 1Danone Nutricia Research,3584 CT Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eefje
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Engels
authors.affiliation: 1Danone Nutricia Research,3584 CT Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kegler
authors.affiliation: 1Danone Nutricia Research,3584 CT Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kodde
authors.affiliation: 1Danone Nutricia Research,3584 CT Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lidewij
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Pediatrics,Beatrix Children's Hospital,University Medical Centre Groningen,University of Groningen,9713 GZ Groningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henkjan J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Verkade
authors.affiliation: 1Danone Nutricia Research,3584 CT Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eline M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van der Beek
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D066292:Lipid Droplets; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D006017:Glycolipids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; C110367:milk fat globule
keywords: %FM percentage of fat mass; BW body weight; Dietary lipids; FM fat mass; HM human milk; IMF infant milk formula; Infant nutrition; L large droplet; LSD least square difference; Lipid structure; MFGM milk fat globule membrane; Metabolic programming; Milk fat globule membrane; Obesity; PL phospholipids; PN postnatal; REF reference; RP retroperitoneal; S small droplet; WAT white adipose tissue; WSD Western-style diet; mest/peg1
                  mesoderm-specific transcript/paternal expressed gene 1; qPCR quantitative PCR