title: Assessment of semen quality in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the seminal attributes of neat, pre-freeze (at equilibration), and post-freeze (24 h after freezing) semen in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 36 ejaculates (3 ejaculates from each bull) were collected from 6 pure Jersey and 6 crossbred Jersey bulls and evaluated for various seminal attributes during neat, pre-freeze, and post-freeze semen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (±standard error [SE]) values of neat semen characteristics in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls were recorded such as volume (ml), color, consistency, mass activity (scale: 0-5), and sperm concentration (millions/ml). The extended semen was further investigated at pre-freeze and post-freeze stages and the mean (±SE) values recorded at neat, pre-freeze, and post-freeze semen were compared between pure and crossbred Jersey bulls; sperm motility (80.55±1.70%, 62.77±1.35%, 46.11±1.43% vs. 80.00±1.80%, 65.00±1.66%, 47.22±1.08%), live sperm count (83.63±1.08%, 71.72±1.09%, 58.67±1.02% vs. 80.00±1.08%, 67.91±1.20%, 51.63±0.97%), total abnormal sperm count (8.38±0.32%, 12.30±0.39%, 16.75±0.42% vs. 9.00±0.45%, 12.19±0.48%, 18.11±0.64%), hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) reacted spermatozoa (71.88±0.77%, 62.05±0.80%, 47.27±1.05% vs. 72.77±1.02%, 62.11±0.89%, 45.94±1.33%), acrosome integrity (89.05±0.83%, 81.33±0.71%, 71.94±0.86% vs. 86.55±0.57%, 78.66±0.42%, 69.38±0.53%), and DNA integrity (99.88±0.07%, 100, 99.66±0.11% vs. 99.94±0.05%, 100, 99.44±0.18%,). The volume, color, consistency, sperm concentration, and initial motility in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The mass activity was significantly (p<0.05) higher in pure Jersey as compare to crossbred Jersey bulls. Live sperm percentage and acrosome integrity was significantly (p<0.01) higher in pure Jersey bulls as compared to crossbred Jersey bulls. However, no statistical difference (p>0.05) was observed in abnormal sperm; HOS reacted spermatozoa and DNA integrity percentage among breeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be concluded that the quality of pure Jersey bull semen was comparatively better than the crossbred Jersey bulls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Ajay P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gawande
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sahatpure
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Manoj S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Chetan K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lakde
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sachin W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.affiliation: Frozen Semen Laboratory, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Pradnyankur L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Borkar
authors.affiliation: Frozen Semen Laboratory, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Ajay J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Poharkar
authors.affiliation: Frozen Semen Laboratory, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Baldeo R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ramteke
keywords: DNA integrity; Jersey; acridine orange; acrosomal integrity; crossbred Jersey; semen