title: Outpatient measurement of arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a marker of arterial stiffness. The aim of the present study was to compare PWV in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obesity and healthy subjects in an outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with obesity without T2DM (n = 37), T2DM without obesity (n = 40), T2DM plus obesity (n = 43), and healthy controls (n = 114). Outpatient measurements of the finger-toe PWV (ftPWV) were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (± SD) ftPWV was higher in men than in women (10.57 ± 5.02 vs 9.14 ± 3.68 m/s, respectively P = 0.006) and was positively correlated with age (r2= 0.31, P < 0.0001), body mass index (r2= 0.03, P = 0.01), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r2= 0.06, P < 0.0001), and right (r2= 0.03, P = 0.01) and left (r2= 0.03, P = 0.01) ankle-brachial index (ABI). Age, SBP and ABI remained significantly correlated with ftPWV in the stepwise regression analysis. Mean ftPWV in controls and in patients with obesity, T2DM, and T2DM plus obesity was 8.32 ± 2.68, 9.50 ± 3.38, 11.29 ± 4.34, and 12.36 ± 6.67 m/s, respectively (P < 0.0001). These differences remained significant after adjustments for sex, age, SBP, and ABI (P = 0.008). Although ftPWV was higher in patients with than without macrovascular complications (13.11 ± 6.25 vs 10.40 ± 4.54 m/s, respectively; P = 0.006) in univariate analysis, this was not so in the multivariate-adjusted model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outpatient-measured ftPWV was correlated with age, SBP, and ABI. It was higher in patients with T2DM and obesity compared with healthy controls. The highest ftPWV was observed in patients with both T2DM and obesity.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohammedi
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aminata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Compaoré
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potier
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Narimène
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belhatem
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marilyne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matallah
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Travert
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hansel
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velho
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Magid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallab
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.|Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France.|Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: Obesity; pulse wave velocity; type 2 diabetes; vascular stiffness; 肥胖,脉搏波速度,2型糖尿病,血管硬化