title: Naloxone pretreatment prevents kidney injury after liver ischemia reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effects of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, on the renal injury as a remote organ after hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups as follows: sham, sham + naloxone, IR and IR + naloxone. In anesthetized rats, hepatic ischemia was applied for 30 min in IR and IR + naloxone groups. Sham + naloxone and IR + naloxone groups were given naloxone (3.0 mg/kg, iv) 30 min before ischemia. After 24 h, blood and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological study of liver in IR group showed enlarged sinusoids, sinusoidal congestion, cellular degenerative changes and necrosis. The kidney of the rats with hepatic IR showed pathological changes in tubular cell swelling, tubular dilatation, moderate to severe necrosis, glomerular fibrosis and hemorrhage. Histological examination confirmed the extent of hepatic and renal changes in IR group was higher (P < 0.05) than in other groups. Rats that underwent hepatic IR exhibited significant increase in serum concentrations of urea and creatinine levels (P < 0.05). The serum alanine aminotransferase and aminotransferase values were significantly higher in IR group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Liver IR produced a significant increase in hepatic and renal tissue MDA levels, while pretreatment with naloxone was associated with a significantly lower MDA levels (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study showed that naloxone pretreatment protected the renal injury from hepatic IR.
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. dr_ashrafzadeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ashrafzadeh
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Takhtfooladi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahzamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fakouri
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone
keywords: Ischemia reperfusion; Kidney; Liver; Naloxone; Remote organ