title: In Vitro and Pilot In Vivo Evaluation of a Bioactive Coating for Stent Grafts Based on Chondroitin Sulfate and Epidermal Growth Factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of a bioactive coating based on chondroitin sulfate (CS) and tethered epidermal growth factor (EGF) for improvement of healing around stent grafts (SGs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of the bioactive coating on cell survival was tested in vitro on human vascular cells using polyethylene terephthalate films (PET) as a substrate. After being transferred onto a more "realistic" material (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene [ePTFE]), the durability and mechanical behavior of the coating and cell survival were studied. Preliminary in vivo testing was performed in a canine iliac aneurysm model reproducing type I endoleaks (three animals with one control and one bioactive SG for each).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CS and EGF coatings significantly increased survival of human smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts compared with bare PET or ePTFE (P < .05). The coating also displayed good durability over 30 days according to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cell survival tests. The coating did not affect mechanical properties of ePTFE and was successfully transferred onto commercial SGs for in vivo testing. No difference was observed on computed tomography and macroscopic examinations in endoleak persistence at 3 months, but the bioactive coating deposited on the abluminal surface of the SG (exposed to the vessel wall) increased the percentage of healed tissue in the aneurysm. No adverse effect, such as neointima formation or thrombosis, was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bioactive coating promoted in vitro cell survival, displayed good durability, and was successfully transferred onto a commercial SG. Preliminary in vivo results suggest improved healing around bioactive SGs.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lequoy
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Houman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savoji
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Bachir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saoudi
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertrand-Grenier
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wertheimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Crescenzo
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soulez
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: sophie.lerouge@etsmtl.ca.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lerouge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D057867:Endoleak / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017543:Iliac Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates