title: Volatile anaesthetics enhance the metastasis related cellular signalling including CXCR2 of ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: The majority of ovarian cancer patients relapse after surgical resection. Evidence is accumulating regarding the role of surgery in disseminating cancer cells; in particular anaesthesia may have an impact on cancer re-occurrence. Here, we have investigated the metastatic potential of volatile anaesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on ovarian cancer cells. Human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3) were exposed to isoflurane (2%), sevoflurane (3.6%) or desflurane (10.3%) for 2 hours. Metastatic related gene expression profiles were measured using the Tumour Metastasis PCR Array and qRT-PCR. Subsequently vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) proteins expression were determined using immunofluorescent staining. The migratory capacities of SK-OV3 cells were assessed with a scratch assay and the potential role of CXCR2 in mediating the effects of volatile anaesthetics on cancer cell biology were further investigated with CXCR2 knockdown by siRNA. All three volatile anaesthetics altered expression of 70 out of 81 metastasic related genes with significant increases in VEGF-A, MMP-11, CXCR2 and TGF-β genes and protein expression with a magnitude order of desflurane (greatest), sevoflurane and isoflurane. Scratch analysis revealed that exposure to these anesthetics increased migration, which was abolished by CXCR2 knockdown. Volatile anaesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations have strong effects on cancer cell biology which in turn could enhance ovarian cancer metastatic potential. This work raises the urgency for further in vivo studies and clinical trials before any conclusions can be made in term of the alteration of clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.|Department of Anaesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Tanweer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaffer
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unwith
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benzonana
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingquan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077335:Desflurane; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane
keywords: CXCR2; isoflurane; ovarian cancer; tumour metastasis