title: Confined linear carbon chains as a route to bulk carbyne.
abstract: Strong chemical activity and extreme instability in ambient conditions characterize carbyne, an infinite sp(1) hybridized carbon chain. As a result, much less has been explored about carbyne as compared to other carbon allotropes such as fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene. Although end-capping groups can be used to stabilize carbon chains, length limitations are still a barrier for production, and even more so for application. We report a method for the bulk production of long acetylenic linear carbon chains protected by thin double-walled carbon nanotubes. The synthesis of very long arrangements is confirmed by a combination of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and (near-field) resonance Raman spectroscopy. Our results establish a route for the bulk production of exceptionally long and stable chains composed of more than 6,000 carbon atoms, representing an elegant forerunner towards the final goal of carbyne's bulk production.
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rohringer
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nanotube Research Centre, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6107-1123
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suenaga
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nanotube Research Centre, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Jani
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1301-5266
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotakoski
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Jannik C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Herwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peterlik
authors.affiliation: Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco, CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC&DIPC, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanko
authors.affiliation: Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco, CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC&DIPC, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.|UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seymur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cahangirov
authors.affiliation: Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco, CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC&DIPC, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.|Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich, Photonics Laboratory, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Zachary J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Lapin
authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich, Photonics Laboratory, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.|Yachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, 100119-Urcuquí, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5377-9896
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pichler