title: Beneficial effects of omega-3 and vitamin E coadministration on gene expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α and serum antioxidant enzymes in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: SIRT1 and PGC1α are two important genes, which play critical roles in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation processes. The study aimed assess the effects of coadministration of omega-3 and vitamin E supplements on SIRT1 and PGC1α gene expression and serum levels of antioxidant enzymes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
  
  
  
  Participants of this randomized controlled trial included 60 CAD male patients who were categorized into three groups: Group 1 received omega-3 (4 g/day) and vitamin E placebo (OP), group 2 omega-3 (4 g/day) and vitamin E (400 IU/day; OE), and group 3 omega-3 and vitamin E placebos (PP) for 2 months. Gene expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS) was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, serum antioxidant enzyme and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. Gene expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α increased significantly in the OE group (P = 0.039 and P = 0.050, respectively). Catalase and hsCRP levels increased significantly in the OE and OP groups. However, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels did not statistically change in all groups. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly in the OE group (P = 0.009) but not in OP and PP groups.
  
  
  
  Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in combination with vitamin E may have beneficial effects on CAD patients by increasing gene expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α and improving oxidative stress and inflammation in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, HojatDoost St, Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saboori
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, HojatDoost St, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koohdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nematipour
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yousefi Rad
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, HojatDoost St, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Saboor-Yaraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, HojatDoost St, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Javanbakht
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic sciences and Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramezani
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, HojatDoost St, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mjalali87@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djalali
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013812:Therapeutics; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014810:Vitamin E; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C447939:SIRT1 protein, human; D056564:Sirtuin 1
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; CAD; Omega-3; PGC1α; SIRT1; Vitamin E