title: Effect of antiretroviral therapy in thromboregulation through the hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides in platelets of HIV patients.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in biochemical and vascular dysfunctions. The highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) markedly reduces mortality and opportunistic diseases associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This increased survival time predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Platelets present purinergic system ectoenzymes such as E-NTPDase, E-5'-nucleotidase and E-ADA on its surface. In view of this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of these ectoenzymes in platelets as well as the platelet aggregation and lipid profile of patients with HIV infection and also patients receiving HAART. The results showed an increase in the E-NTPDase activity for ATP hydrolysis in the HIV group compared with the control group and the HIV/HAART group. When assessing the activity E-NTPDase hydrolysis to ADP, the results revealed an increase in activity in the HIV group when compared to the control group, and a decrease in activity when in the HIV/HAART group when compared to the control and HIV groups. The activity of E-5'-nucleotidase revealed an increase in AMP hydrolysis in the HIV group, as the results from control and HIV/HAART groups showed no statistical difference. Regarding the E-ADA activity, the HIV and HIV/HAART groups revealed a decreased deamination of adenosine when compared with the control group. Furthermore, we observed an increased platelet aggregation of HIV/HAART group compared with the control group. Thus, our results suggest that antiretroviral treatment against HIV has a significant effect on the activity of purinergic system ectoenzymes demonstrating that thromboregulation is involved in the process.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Felipe P
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rezer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane C G
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza P
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Thorstenberg
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jader B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruchel
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana M D
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bertoldo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamile F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rosa C
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: dbitencourtrosaleal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniela B R
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Leal
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D015703:Antigens, CD; D008055:Lipids; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: ADA; AIDS; Adenosine; HAART; NTPDase