title: Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigants Using Different Irrigation Needles.
abstract: This study evaluated the influence of irrigation tip, root canal curvature and final apical diameter on periapical debris and irrigant extrusion during root canal instrumentation. After being classified as mildly or moderately curved, the mesiobuccal root canals of 90 human molars were instrumented. The teeth were allocated into three groups according to the used needle type: a flat open-end needle (Group 1), a side-vented needle (Group 2) or a double side-vented needle (Group 3). The amount of extruded material after instrumentation was calculated for each group. The differences in irrigant and debris extrusion between the experimental groups were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Irrigation tips and final instrument diameter differences were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test with a Bonferroni correction at α=0.05. The amount of extruded material from the double side-vented needle was significantly less than the open-ended flat needle (p=0.008), but there was no difference compared to the side-vented needle (p=0.929). The results showed no effect of root curvature and final apical diameter on the amount of irrigant and debris extrusion (p>0.05). The double side-vented needles generated the least material extrusion to the periapical tissues. Irrigation needle type had the greatest influence on periapical irrigant and debris extrusion and the double side-vented needles may be safely used during endodontic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Barcellos
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angélica Mohnsam
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Krolow
authors.affiliation: Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katerine Jahnecke
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pilownic
authors.affiliation: Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Picanço
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Casarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Karla Pontes
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato de Toledo
authors.initials: Rde T
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Geraldo
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Pappen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants