title: Non-opioid analgesics: Novel approaches to perioperative analgesia for major spine surgery.
abstract: Perioperative pain management is a significant challenge following major spine surgery. Many pathways contribute to perioperative pain, including nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic sources. Although opioids have long been a mainstay for perioperative analgesia, other non-opioid therapies have been increasingly used as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen to provide improved pain control while minimizing opioid-related side effects. Here we review the evidence supporting the use of novel analgesic approaches as an alternative to intravenous opioids for major spine surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. Electronic address: lak3r@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Lauren K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
authors.forename: Marcel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Durieux
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Nemergut
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: dexmedetomidine; gabapentin; ketamine; multimodal pain management; paracetamol; perioperative pain; postoperative pain; pregabalin