title: Effects of Holder pasteurization on the protein profile of human milk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most widespread method for the treatment of donor milk is the Holder pasteurization (HoP). The available literature data show that HoP may cause degradation of some bioactive components. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HoP on the protein profile of human milk (HM) using a GeLC-MS method, a proteomic approach and a promising technique able to offer a qualitative HM protein profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  HM samples were collected by standardized methods from 20 mothers carrying both preterm and term newborns. A aliquot of each sample was immediately frozen at -80 °C, whilst another one was Holder pasteurized and then frozen. All samples were then analyzed by GeLC-MS. The protein bands of interest were excised from the gel, digested with trypsin and identified by nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein profile before and after HoP showed qualitative differences only in 6 samples out of 20, while in the remaining 14 no detectable differences were found. The differences interested only colostrums and transitional milk samples and regarded the decrease of the electrophoretic bands corresponding to alpha and beta-casein, tenascin, lactoferrin and immunoglobulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the majority of samples, HoP did not cause any modification, thereby preserving the biological activity of HM proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia, 3, I-10131, Turin, Italy. chiara.peila@libero.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peila
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia, 3, I-10131, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coscia
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia, 3, I-10131, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertino
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technological Innovation, DiSIT, University of East Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavaletto
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technological Innovation, DiSIT, University of East Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spertino
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technological Innovation, DiSIT, University of East Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Icardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia, 3, I-10131, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tortone
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Health, C. Arrigo Children's Hospital, Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gazzolo
mesh_terms: D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D061352:Pasteurization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins
keywords: Donor human milk; GeLC-MS; Human milk; Pasteurization holder; Tenascin