title: Testing of Junctional Tourniquets by Medics of the Israeli Defense Force in Control of Simulated Groin Hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Junctional hemorrhage is a common cause of battlefield death but little is known about testing of junctional tourniquet models by medics. The purpose of the testing described herein is to assess military experience in junctional tourniquet use in simulated prehospital care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen medics were to use the following four junctional tourniquets: Combat Ready Clamp (CRoC), Abdominal Aortic Junctional Tourniquet (AAJT), Junctional Emergency Treatment Tool (JETT), and SAM Junctional Tourniquet (SJT). The five assessment categories were safety, effectiveness, time to effectiveness, and two categories of user preference: (1) by all models assessed, and (2) by only the model most preferred. Users ranked preference by answering, "If you had to go to war today and you could only choose one, which tourniquet would you choose to bring?"
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tourniquet uses were safe. By the time the first five testers were done, all three AAJT models had been broken. CRoC and AAJT had the highest percentage effectiveness as their difference was not statistically significant. SJT and JETT had fastest mean times to effectiveness as their difference was not significant. For preference, using each user's ranking of all models assessed, SJT and AAJT were most preferred as their difference was not significant. For each user's most preferred model, SJT, AAJT, and JETT were most preferred as their difference was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the five assessment categories, multiple tourniquet models performed similarly well; SJT and AAJT performed best in four categories, JETT was best in three, and CRoC was best in two. Differences between the top-ranked models in each category were not statistically significant.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benov
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.forename: Geva
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landau
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorkin
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Aden
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kragh
authors.forename: Elon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glassberg
mesh_terms: D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005392:First Aid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006119:Groin / Q000293:injuries*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008889:Military Personnel; D016544:Patient Simulation; D013997:Time Factors; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult