title: CT-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy of pancreatic masses: comparison of the standard mesenteric/retroperitoneal versus the trans-organ approaches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the safety and efficacy of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided core-needle biopsy (CNB) of pancreatic masses traversing the gastrointestinal tract or solid viscera versus trans-mesenteric and retroperitoneal approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT-guided CNB of pancreatic lesions performed between May 2004 and December 2014 were retrospectively analysed at a single centre. Biopsies were performed using 18- or 20-G needles with a coaxial system. CT images, histopathology reports, medical records, and procedural details for all patients were reviewed to evaluate the biopsy route, complications, and diagnostic accuracy. According to the routes, biopsies were divided into trans-mesenteric, retroperitoneal and trans-organ approaches for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 85 patients, who had undergone 89 CNBs for pancreatic masses were reviewed. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CNB for detecting malignancy via various routes were 88.8%, 100%, and 89.9%, respectively, with a complication rate of 20.2%. Trans-organ biopsies of pancreatic masses (n=22) were performed safely via a direct pathway traversing the stomach (n=14), colon (n=3), small bowel (n=2), liver (n=2), and spleen (n=1). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 90.5%, 100%, and 90.9%, respectively. In the trans-organ biopsy group, three biopsies (13.6%) resulted in minor haematomas, but no major complications occurred. There were no statistically significant differences in the diagnostic efficacy or complication rate among the different biopsy routes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous CT-guided CNB using a trans-organ approach is a feasible technique for diagnosing pancreatic malignancy; however, as this series was small, more data is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M-Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K-T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: ma0389@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062005:Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult