title: Cytokines and Effector/Regulatory Cells Characterization in the Physiopathology of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: We compared the presence of diverse cytokines and regulatory T and B cells in skin biopsies of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). We included 19 patients with DLE, 13 with SCLE, 8 healthy controls, and 5 patients with hypertrophic scars. We assessed the CLASI activity score. To determine IL-22-producing cells and the subpopulation of CD4(+)/IL-17A(+)-, CD4(+)/IL-4(+)-, and CD4(+)/IFN-γ (+)-expressing T cells, CD123(+)/IDO(+) pDCs, CD25(+)/Foxp3(+) Tregs, and CD20(+)/IL-10(+)-producing B cells, an immunostaining procedure was performed. Also intracellular IL-22, IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ, and Foxp3 in CD4 T cells, IL-10 in B cells, and IDO in pDCs were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood. The main cellular participation in both lupus groups was IL-17- and IL-22-producing cell responses both at skin and at peripheral blood but prevailed in DLE. The CLASI activity scores negatively correlated with Th22 subpopulation and positively correlated with CD25(+)/Foxp3(+) Treg cells. In conclusion a proinflammatory and regulatory imbalance coexists in cutaneous lupus, both responses being more intense in DLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Méndez-Flores
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernández-Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana Bety
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Enríquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faz-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Yeraldin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Esquivel
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Janette
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5804-7221
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furuzawa-Carballeda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D008178:Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D000097043:Interleukin-22
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016753:Interleukin-10; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007378:Interleukins; D000097043:Interleukin-22