title: Ascorbylperoxide Contaminating Parenteral Nutrition Is Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death in Extremely Preterm Infants.
abstract: Ascorbylperoxide (AscOOH) is a hydrogen peroxide-dependent by-product of ascorbic acid that contaminates parenteral nutrition. In a guinea pig model, it caused oxidized redox potential, increased apoptosis, and decreased alveolarization. AscOOH detoxification is carried out by glutathione peroxidase (GPX). We hypothesize that extremely preterm infants have limited capacity for AscOOH detoxification. Our objective was to determine if there is an association between an early level of urinary AscOOH and later development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death.
  
  
  
  This prospective cohort study included 51 infants at <29 weeks of gestation. Baseline clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes data were collected. Urine samples were collected on days 3, 5, and 7 of life for urinary AscOOH. Blood samples on day 7 were collected for total plasma glutathione, GPX, and glutathione reductase. χ2, Student's t test, Spearman correlation ( r), linear regression (adjusted r2), and repeated-measure analysis of variance were used as appropriate. P < .05 was considered significant.
  
  
  
  Urinary AscOOH increased over time ( P = .001) and was higher in infants who later developed BPD or died ( P = .037). Compared with adults and full-term infants, total plasma glutathione concentration was low (median, 1.02 µmol/L; 25th-75th percentiles, 0.49-1.76 µmol/L), whereas GPX and glutathione reductase activities were sufficient (3.98 ± 1.25 and 0.36 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively).
  
  
  
  Extremely preterm infants have low glutathione levels, which limit their capacity to detoxify AscOOH. Higher first-week urinary AscOOH levels are associated with an increased incidence of BPD or death.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Wesam
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elremaly
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lavoie
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010545:Peroxides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010545:Peroxides; C550723:ascorbylperoxide; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: ascorbylperoxide; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; glutathione; oxidative stress; parenteral nutrition; preterm infant