title: Gaseous pollutants from brick kiln industry decreased the growth, photosynthesis, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
abstract: Gaseous pollutant emissions from brick kiln industries deteriorate the current state of ambient air quality in Pakistan and worldwide. These gaseous pollutants affect the health of plants and may decrease plant growth and yield. A field experiment that was conducted to monitor the concentration of gaseous pollutants emitted mainly from brick kilns in the ambient air and associated impacts on the growth and physiological attributes of the two wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars. Plants were grown at three sites, including control (Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, AARI), low pollution (LP) site (Small Estate Industry), and high pollution (HP) site (Sidar Bypass), of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Monitoring of ambient air pollution at experimental sites was carried out using the state-of-art ambient air analyzers. Plants were harvested after 120 days of germination and were analyzed for different growth attributes. Results showed that the hourly average concentration of gaseous air pollutants CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10 at HP site were significantly higher than the LP and control sites. Similarly, gaseous pollutants decreased plant height, straw and grain yield, photosynthesis and increased physical injury, and metal concentrations in the grains. However, wheat response toward gaseous pollutants did not differ between cultivars (Galaxy and 8173) studied. Overall, the results indicated that brick kiln emissions could reduce the performance of wheat grown in the soils around kilns and confirm the adverse impacts of pollutants on the growth, yield, and quality of the wheat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adrees
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aamir Mehmood
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan. mrazi1532@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hina
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fariha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jabeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shafaqat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D003252:Construction Materials; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases; D007221:Industry; D008670:Metals; D010154:Pakistan; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D008670:Metals
keywords: Air pollution; Brick kiln emissions; Grain quality; Photosynthesis; Wheat cultivars; Yield reduction