title: Glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, and lipid metabolism.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is the best known incretin hormone able to potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion. Moreover, GLP-1 is currently under intensive investigation as a potential crucial mediator of beneficial metabolic effects after bariatric surgery, because of its eating inhibitory, antiobesity, and antidiabetes effects. This review briefly summarizes recent findings on the specific effects of GLP-1 on lipoprotein metabolism. The related hormone GLP-2 is derived from the same precursor gene; its effects on lipoprotein metabolism will also be discussed briefly.
  
  
  
  Pharmacological activation of the GLP-1 system has beneficial effects on obesity-induced alterations of lipoprotein metabolism. These benefits can be observed with direct GLP-1 receptor agonists like liraglutide or exendin-4, but also with inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), which reduce the breakdown of endogenous GLP-1. The role of GLP-2-related pathways on lipid levels and metabolism are less clear, but some effects (e.g. increased intestinal chylomicron output) are opposite to GLP-1.
  
  
  
  Activation of the GLP-1-dependent pathways may perhaps translate into a lower cardiovascular risk. Understanding how GLP-1 and GLP-2 regulate and interact in the control of lipoprotein metabolism will set the stage for the development of new strategies to treat dyslipidaemia in obesity, diabetes, and other cardiometabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: aInstitute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich bCenter for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich cInstitute for Food Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach dCenter for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004435:Eating; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity
chemical_list: D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1