title: Does titanium in ionic form display a tissue-specific distribution?
abstract: Most studies have focused on the biodistribution of titanium(IV) oxide as nanoparticles or crystals in organism. But several reports suggested that titanium is released from implant in ionic form. Therefore, gaining insight into toxicokinetics of Ti ions will give valuable information, which may be useful when assessing the health risks of long-term exposure to titanium alloy implants in patients. A micro synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence (µ-SRXRF) was utilized to investigate the titanium distribution in the liver, spleen and kidneys of rats following single intravenous or 30-days oral administration of metal (6 mg Ti/b.w.) in ionic form. Titanium was mainly retained in kidneys after both intravenous and oral dosing, and also its compartmentalization in this organ was observed. Titanium in the liver was non-uniformly distributed-metal accumulated in single aggregates, and some of them were also enriched in calcium. Correlation analysis showed that metal did not displace essential elements, and in liver titanium strongly correlated with calcium. Two-dimensional maps of Ti distribution show that the location of the element is characteristic for the route of administration and time of exposure. We demonstrated that µ-SRXRF can provide information on the distribution of titanium in internal structures of whole organs, which helps in enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of ionic titanium accumulation in the body. This is significant due to the popularity of titanium implants and the potential release of metal ions from them to the organism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Ingardena 3, Krakow, 30-060, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golasik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wrobel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Medyczna 9, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland.|DESY Photon Science, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czyzycki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Medyczna 9, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Librowski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lankosz
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Ingardena 3, Krakow, 30-060, Poland. wpiekosz@tlen.pl.|School of Biomedicine, Far East Federal University, M 715 Office, Bldg. 25, Ajax, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russia, 690922. wpiekosz@tlen.pl.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piekoszewski
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013154:Spleen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: Micro synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence; Organ distribution; Rat tissues; Titanium