title: A novel use of friability testing for characterising ribbon milling behaviour.
abstract: Dry granulation using roll compaction (DGRC) has been increasingly adopted in the pharmaceutical industry due to its unique advantage of not requiring liquid binder and a subsequent drying process. However the DGRC process presents also some challenges, in particular, a high fine fraction generated during the milling stage significantly limits its application. Although the fines produced can be recycled in practice, it may lead to poor content uniformity of the final product. At present there is a lack of mechanistic understanding of milling of roll compacted ribbons. For instance, it is not clear how fines are generated, what are the dominant mechanisms and controlling attributes and whether any measurement technique can be used to characterise ribbon milling behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to assess whether ribbon milling behaviour can be assessed using some characterisation methods. For this purpose, friability was evaluated for ribbons made of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powders using a friability tester that was originally developed for characterising the tendency of pharmaceutical tablets to generate small pieces while being abraded. Granules were also produced by milling of the ribbons and their size distributions were measured. The correlation between the fine fraction of the granules with ribbon friability was then explored. It was found that there was a strong correlation between ribbon friability and the fine fraction of granules generated during milling. This implies that friability tests can be performed to characterise ribbon milling behaviour, and ribbon friability provides a good indication of the fraction of fines generated during ribbon milling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiano
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom. Electronic address: C.Y.Wu@surrey.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chuan-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andreja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirtic
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D008422:Materials Testing; D016062:Porosity
keywords: Dry granulation; Fine fraction; Friability; Granule size distribution; Milling; Roll compaction