title: (1)H NMR-based metabonomics revealed protective effect of Naodesheng bioactive extract on ischemic stroke rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. However, current therapies are limited. Naodesheng, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has shown a good clinical curative effect on ischemic stroke. Also, Naodesheng has been suggested to have neuroprotective effect on focal cerebral ischemia rats, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Naodesheng bioactive extract on the metabolic changes in brain tissue, plasma and urine induced by cerebral ischemia perfusion injury, and explore the possible metabolic mechanisms by using a (1)H NMR-based metabonomics approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established and confirmed by the experiments of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, brain tissue TTC staining and pathological examination. The metabolic changes in brain tissue, plasma and urine were then assessed by a (1)H NMR technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These NMR data showed that cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced great metabolic disorders in brain tissue, plasma and urine metabolisms. However, Naodesheng bioactive extract could reverse most of the imbalanced metabolites. Meanwhile, it was found that both the medium and high dosages of Naodesheng bioactive extract were more effective on the metabolic changes than the low dosage, consistent with histopathological assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results revealed that Naodesheng had protective effect on ischemic stroke rats and the underlying mechanisms involved multiple metabolic pathways, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. The present study could provide evidence that metabonomics revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and explore the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yatao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Basic courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yongxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Suxiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: shmwang@sina.com.
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: swliang371@126.com.
authors.forename: Shengwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C546210:naodesheng
keywords: (1)H NMR; Metabonomics; Middle cerebral artery occlusion; Naodesheng