title: Antiurolithiatic activity of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extracts against zinc disc implantation-induced urolithiasis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The commonly used techniques for removing renal calculi are associated with the risk of acute renal injury and increase in stone recurrence which indicates an urgent need for alternate therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extracts in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urolithiasis was induced by surgical implantations of zinc disc in the urinary bladders of rats. Upon postsurgical recovery, different doses of chloroform (CAM) and methanolic (MAM) extracts of A. moschatus seeds (viz., 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) were administered to disc implanted rats for the period of 7 days by the oral route. Antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated by measuring various dimensions of stones and estimating levels of various biomarkers in serum and urine samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in urinary output was observed in disc implanted animals, which was prevented by the treatment with extracts. Supplementation with extracts caused significant improvement in glomerular filtration rate and urinary total protein excretion. The elevated levels of serum creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen were also prevented by the extracts. The extracts significantly reduced deposition of calculi deposition around the implanted disc. This antiurolithiatic potential is observed at all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of MAM, whereas only higher dose (400 mg/kg) of CAM showed significant antiurolithiatic potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extracts of A. moschatus seeds possessed significant antiurolithiatic activity. The possible mechanism underlying this effect is mediated collectively through diuretic, antioxidant, and free-radical scavenging effects of the plant.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmacology, MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Anil T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Pratishthan's, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Niraj S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Vyawahare
keywords: Abelmoschus moschatus; urolithiasis; zinc disc implantation