title: Glyphosate Inhibits PPAR Gamma Induction and Differentiation of Preadipocytes and is able to Induce Oxidative Stress.
abstract: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GF) are extensively used for weed control. Thus, it is important to investigate their putative toxic effects. We have reported that GF at subagriculture concentrations inhibits proliferation and differentiation to adipocytes of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. In this investigation, we evaluated the effect of GF on genes upregulated during adipogenesis. GF was able to inhibit the induction of PPAR gamma, the master gene in adipogenesis but not C/EBP beta, which precedes PPAR gamma activation. GF also inhibited differentiation and proliferation of another model of preadipocyte: mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In exponentially growing 3T3-L1 cells, GF increased lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. We also found that proliferation was inhibited with lower concentrations of GF when time of exposure was extended. Thus, GF was able to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes and to induce oxidative stress, which is indicative of its ability to alter cellular physiology.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Claudia N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Matías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Javier N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Brandani
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mvila@qb.fcen.uba.ar.
authors.forename: María Del C
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Vila
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D047495:PPAR gamma; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000097797:Glyphosate; C545012:CEBPB protein, human
keywords: 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts; Differentiation; Glyphosate Based-Herbicide; MEFs; Oxidative Stress