title: Dietary Pyridoxine Protects against Stress and Maintains Immunohaematological Status in Chanos chanos Exposed to Endosulfan.
abstract: The amelioration effect of water-soluble vitamin pyridoxine against stress was evaluated in milkfish, Chanos chanos exposed to endosulfan. Two hundred and twenty-five fish were distributed randomly into five treatments, each with three replicates. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with graded levels of pyridoxine feed were as follows: normal water and fed with control diet (En0/PY0); endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (En/PY0); and endosulfan-treated water and fed with 50 (En/PY 50 mg/kg), 75 (En/PY 75 mg/kg) and 100 mg/kg (En/PY 100 mg/kg) pyridoxine-supplemented feed. The endosulfan in treated water was maintained at a level of 1/40th of LC50 (0.52 ppb). The effect of dietary pyridoxine supplementation was studied in terms of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase), stress markers [heat-shock protein 70, caspase-3, cortisol, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), blood glucose], immunohaematological parameters (total protein, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio, nitroblue tetrazolium, RBC, WBC, Hb), gill histopathology and a subsequent challenge study with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antioxidative enzymes, stress markers, albumin and A/G ratio were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated, brain AChE and immunohaematological parameters were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased, and chromosome aberration and gill histopathology were also altered due to endosulfan exposure. The relative survival % was reduced due to the combined effect of endosulfan stress and bacterial challenge. Fish fed the diet supplemented with pyridoxine at 75 and 100 mg/kg was found to restore the studied parameter towards normal compared with control and indicated protection against endosulfan-induced stress significantly (p < 0.01). Results obtained in the present study indicate that the supplementation of 75 and 100 mg/kg of pyridoxine in the diet has a definitive role in the mitigation of the endosulfan-induced stress in milkfish, C. chanos fingerlings.
authors.affiliation: ICAR - National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Kondusamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ambasankar
authors.affiliation: ICAR - National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Kishore Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Krishnani
authors.affiliation: ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.affiliation: ICAR - National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Paramjit Singh
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Minhas
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000633:toxicity*; D005399:Fishes / Q000276:immunology*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005916:Globulins / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005916:Globulins; D020011:Protective Agents; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D053148:Caspase 3; D011736:Pyridoxine; D004726:Endosulfan; D006854:Hydrocortisone