title: Hydroxycinnamic acid bound arabinoxylans from millet brans-structural features and antioxidant activity.
abstract: Hydroxycinnamic acid bound arabinoxylans (HCA-AXs) were extracted from brans of five Indian millet varieties and response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The optimal condition to obtain highest yield of millet HCA-AXs was determined as follows: time 61min, temperature 66°C, ratio of solvent to sample 12ml/g. Linkage analysis indicated that hydroxycinnamic acid bound arabinoxylan from kodo millet (KM-HCA-AX) contained comparatively low branched arabinoxylan consisting of 14.6% mono-substituted, 1.2% di-substituted and 41.2% un-substituted Xylp residues. The HPLC analysis of millet HCA-AXs showed significant variation in the content of three major bound hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid). The antioxidant activity of millet HCA-AXs were evaluated using three in vitro assay methods (DPPH, FRAP and β-carotene linoleate emulsion assays) which suggested both phenolic acid composition and structural characteristics of arabinoxylans could be correlated to their antioxidant potential, the detailed structural analysis revealed that low substituted KM-HCA-AX exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity compared to other medium and highly substituted HCA-AXs from finger (FM), proso (PM), barnyard (BM) and foxtail (FOXM) millet.
authors.affiliation: National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127 Industrial Area, Phase 8, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bijalwan
authors.affiliation: National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127 Industrial Area, Phase 8, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127 Industrial Area, Phase 8, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Atul Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kesarwani
authors.affiliation: National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127 Industrial Area, Phase 8, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Kamalendra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127 Industrial Area, Phase 8, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160071 Punjab, India. Electronic address: koushik@nabi.res.in.
authors.forename: Koushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mazumder
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D000066928:Millets / Q000737:chemistry*; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011422:Propionates; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014990:Xylans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010851:Picrates; D011422:Propionates; D014990:Xylans; D019207:beta Carotene; C085118:arabinoxylan; C004999:ferulic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C495469:p-coumaric acid; C040048:caffeic acid
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Hydroxycinnamic acid bound arabinoxylans; Structural analysis