title: Yoga Therapy for Abdominal Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare effects of 10 weeks of yoga therapy (YT) and standard medical care (SMC) on abdominal pain and quality of life (QoL) in children with abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDs).
  
  
  
  Sixty-nine patients, ages 8 to 18 years, with AP-FGIDs, were randomized to SMC complemented with YT or SMC alone. YT is a mixture of yoga poses, meditation, and relaxation exercises and was given once a week in group sessions. SMC consisted of education, reassurance, dietary advice, and fibers/mebeverine, if necessary. Pain intensity (pain intensity score [PIS] 0-5) and frequency (pain frequency score [PFS] 0-4) were scored in a pain diary, and QoL was measured with KIDSCREEN-27. Follow-up was 12 months. Treatment response was defined as ≥50% reduction of weekly pain scores.
  
  
  
  At 1-year follow-up, treatment response was accomplished in 58% of the YT group and in 29% of the control group (P = 0.01); no significant differences for other time points were found. YT, and not SMC, resulted in a significant reduction of PIS (P < 0.01) and PFS (P < 0.01) after 12 months. During the study, however, YT was not significantly superior compared with SMC. Subanalyses for time points demonstrated a significant greater reduction of PIS at 12 months in favor of YT. No differences were found for QoL. YT was more effective in the reduction of reported monthly school absence (P = 0.03).
  
  
  
  At 1-year follow-up, YT in addition to standard care was superior compared with SMC according to treatment success, PIS, and reduction of school absence. YT, however, was not significantly more effective in improving PFS or QoL, compared with SMC.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatrics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch †Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam ‡Jeroen Bosch Academy, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch §Kinderbuikenco Medical Center, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Korterink
authors.forename: Lize E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ockeloen
authors.forename: Mirrian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hilbink
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Deckers-Kocken
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D059039:Standard of Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015013:Yoga