title: Electrospun PLLA nanofiber scaffolds for bladder smooth muscle reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary bladder may encounter several pathologic conditions that could lead to loss of its function. Tissue engineering using electrospun PLLA scaffolds is a promising approach to reconstructing or replacing the problematic bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared utilizing single-nozzle electrospinning. The morphology and distribution of fiber diameters were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBSMCs) were isolated from biopsies and characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Then, the cells were seeded on the PLLA nanofibers and Alamar Blue assay proved the biocompatibility of prepared scaffolds. Cell attachment on the nanofibers and also cell morphology over fibrous scaffolds were observed by SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that electrospun PLLA scaffold provides proper conditions for hBSMCs to interact and attach efficiently to the fibers. Alamar Blue assay showed the compatibility of the obtained electrospun scaffolds with hBSMCs. Also, it was observed that the cells could achieve highly elongated morphology and their native aligned direction besides each other on the random electrospun scaffolds and in the absence of supporting aligned nanofibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrospun PLLA scaffold efficiently supports the hBSMCs growth and alignment and also has proper cell compatibility. This scaffold would be promising in urinary bladder tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Derakhshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran.|Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pourmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghanbari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Rassoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dinarvand
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naji
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran. refaridi@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faridi-Majidi
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: Bladder; Electrospun nanofiber; PLLA; Tissue engineering