title: Use of a frameless computed tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy system for nasal biopsy in five dogs.
abstract: METHODS
  5 dogs (median age, 9 years; median body weight, 31 kg [68.2 lb]) with undefined nasal masses were examined after undergoing CT of the head and nasal biopsy via a rostral rhinoscopic or unaided (blind) approach because histologic results for collected biopsy specimens (inflammatory, necrotic, or hemorrhagic disease) suggested the specimens were nonrepresentative of the underlying disease process identified via CT (aggressive or malignant disease).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical signs at the time dogs were evaluated included open-mouth breathing, sneezing, or unilateral epistaxis. Histologic findings pertaining to the original biopsy specimens were suggestive of benign processes such as inflammation. In an attempt to obtain better representative specimens, a frameless CT-guided stereotactic biopsy system (CTSBS) was used to collect additional biopsy specimens from masses within the nasal and sinus passages of the dogs. The second set of biopsy specimens was histologically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens collected via the CTSBS revealed results suggestive of malignant neoplasia (specifically, chondrosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma) for 3 dogs, mild mixed-cell inflammation for 1 dog, and hamartoma for 1 dog. No complications were reported. These findings resulted in a change in treatment recommendations for 3 dogs and confirmed that no additional treatment was required for 1 dog (with hamartoma). For the remaining dog, in which CT findings and clinical history were strongly suggestive of neoplasia, the final diagnosis was rhinitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biopsy specimens were safely collected from masses within the nasal and sinus passages of dogs by use of a frameless CTSBS, allowing a definitive diagnosis that was unachievable with other biopsy approaches.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kuhlman
authors.forename: Amanda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kelley M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Thieman-Mankin
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Audrey K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary