title: Contrast-Based 3D/2D Registration of the Left Atrium: Fast versus Consistent.
abstract: For augmented fluoroscopy during cardiac ablation, a preoperatively acquired 3D model of a patient's left atrium (LA) can be registered to X-ray images recorded during a contrast agent (CA) injection. An automatic registration method that works also for small amounts of CA is desired. We propose two similarity measures: The first focuses on edges of the patient anatomy. The second computes a contrast agent distribution estimate (CADE) inside the 3D model and rates its consistency with the CA as seen in biplane fluoroscopic images. Moreover, temporal filtering on the obtained registration results of a sequence is applied using a Markov chain framework. Evaluation was performed on 11 well-contrasted clinical angiographic sequences and 10 additional sequences with less CA. For well-contrasted sequences, the error for all 73 frames was 7.9 ± 6.3 mm and it dropped to 4.6 ± 4.0 mm when registering to an automatically selected, well enhanced frame in each sequence. Temporal filtering reduced the error for all frames from 7.9 ± 6.3 mm to 5.7 ± 4.6 mm. The error was typically higher if less CA was used. A combination of both similarity measures outperforms a previously proposed similarity measure. The mean accuracy for well contrasted sequences is in the range of other proposed manual registration methods.
authors.affiliation: Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3045-544X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, 93049 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kowalewski
authors.affiliation: Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9550-5284
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, 93049 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurzidim
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare GmbH, 91301 Forchheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.affiliation: Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hornegger