title: The impact of ADHD on the health and well-being of ADHD children and their siblings.
abstract: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with reduced health and well-being of patients and their families. The authors undertook a large UK survey-based observational study of the burden associated with childhood ADHD. The impact of ADHD on both the patient (N = 476) and their siblings (N = 337) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and happiness was quantified using multiple standard measures [e.g. child health utility-9D (CHU-9D), EuroQol-5D-Youth]. In the analysis, careful statistical adjustments were made to ensure a like-for-like comparison of ADHD families with two different control groups. We controlled for carers' ADHD symptoms, their employment and relationship status and siblings' ADHD symptoms. ADHD was associated with a significant deficit in the patient's HRQoL (with a CHU-9D score of around 6 % lower). Children with ADHD also have less sleep and were less happy with their family and their lives overall. No consistent decrement to the HRQoL of the siblings was identified across the models, except that related to their own conduct problems. The siblings do, however, report lower happiness with life overall and with their family, even when controlling for the siblings own ADHD symptoms. We also find evidence of elevated bullying between siblings in families with a child with ADHD. Overall, the current results suggest that the reduction in quality of life caused by ADHD is experienced both by the child with ADHD and their siblings.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peasgood
authors.affiliation: North East London Foundation Trust and University College of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK. c.e.biggs@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brazier
authors.affiliation: The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coghill
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.affiliation: Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Harpin
authors.affiliation: Global HEOR and Epidemiology, Shire, 725 Chesterbrook Boulevard, Wayne, PA 19087, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hodgkins
authors.affiliation: Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Lincolnshire, UK.
authors.forename: Amulya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.affiliation: Global HEOR and Epidemiology, Shire, 725 Chesterbrook Boulevard, Wayne, PA 19087, USA.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Setyawan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Edmund J S
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sonuga-Barke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: ADHD; Burden; CHU-9D; Children; EQ-5D-Y; Health-related quality of life; Impact of ADHD on family outcomes; Life satisfaction; Siblings; Sleep; Utility; Well-being