title: Analysis of clay smoking pipes from archeological sites in the region of the Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) by FT-IR.
abstract: In this study, twenty samples of clay smoking pipes excavated in an 18km(2) area between the Macacu and Caceribu rivers, in the municipality of Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were analyzed by FT-IR technique. The samples, excavated in different archeological sites of the region, are dated between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries and are part of the material culture left by Africans and African descendants that lived in the complex. FT-IR analyses and complementary SEM-EDS studies showed that the clay paste used in the manufacture of smoking pipes, mostly handcrafted, is composed of quartz, feldspar, phyllosilicates and iron oxides. Multivariate statistical tests (PCA) were applied to FT-IR data to assess the interactions between the archeological sites. The results indicated that one archeological site - Macacu IV - is greatly related to the other sites. The results obtained have helped archeologists and anthropologists in better understanding the manufacturing process employed in ancient ceramic artifacts produced during the period of colonial Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil. Electronic address: renato.freitas@ifrj.edu.br.
authors.forename: Renato P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iohanna M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, COPPE/UFRJ, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariane L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valter S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Museu Nacional (MN-UFRJ) Quinta da Boa vista, São Cristóvão, RJ 20940-040, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Museu Nacional (MN-UFRJ) Quinta da Boa vista, São Cristóvão, RJ 20940-040, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil.
authors.forename: André R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000 Paracambi, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elanio A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, COPPE/UFRJ, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lopes
keywords: Archaeometry; Clay smoking pipes; FT-IR; PCA