title: Brief Report: APOL1 Renal Risk Variants Are Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease in Children and Youth With Perinatal HIV Infection.
abstract: APOL1 renal risk alleles are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults, with the strongest effect being for HIV-associated nephropathy. Their role in youth with perinatal HIV-1 infection (PHIV) has not been studied. In a nested case-control study of 451 PHIV participants in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, we found a 3.5-fold increased odds of CKD in those carrying high-risk APOL1 genotypes using a recessive model [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 to 10.0]. We report an unadjusted incidence of 1.2 CKD cases/100 person-years (95% CI: 0.5 to 2.5) in PHIV youth carrying APOL1 high-risk genotypes, with important implications for sub-Saharan Africa.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; †Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; ‡Basic Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Inc. Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD; §Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA; ‖Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; ¶Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; #Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; **Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and ††National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Murli U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Purswani
authors.forename: Kunjal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hazra
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Seage
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mofenson
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karalius
authors.forename: Gwendolyn B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Russell B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kopp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000235:genetics*; D044382:Population Groups / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: C108666:APOL1 protein, human; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL