title: Role of TET enzymes in DNA methylation, development, and cancer.
abstract: The pattern of DNA methylation at cytosine bases in the genome is tightly linked to gene expression, and DNA methylation abnormalities are often observed in diseases. The ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosines (5mCs) and promote locus-specific reversal of DNA methylation. TET genes, and especially TET2, are frequently mutated in various cancers, but how the TET proteins contribute to prevent the onset and maintenance of these malignancies is largely unknown. Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the physiological function of the TET proteins and their role in regulating DNA methylation and transcription. In addition, we discuss some of the key outstanding questions in the field.
authors.affiliation: Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Kasper Dindler
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-6097
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003596:Cytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D003596:Cytosine; D049308:Dioxygenases; C541081:TET2 protein, human
keywords: DNA demethylation; DNA methylation; TET; hydroxymethyl cytosine; hematopoiesis; leukemia