title: Two-stage sample-to-answer system based on nucleic acid amplification approach for detection of malaria parasites.
abstract: Rapid, early, and accurate diagnosis of malaria is essential for effective disease management and surveillance, and can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Although significant advances have been achieved for the diagnosis of malaria, these technologies are still far from ideal, being time consuming, complex and poorly sensitive as well as requiring separate assays for sample processing and detection. Therefore, the development of a fast and sensitive method that can integrate sample processing with detection of malarial infection is desirable. Here, we report a two-stage sample-to-answer system based on nucleic acid amplification approach for detection of malaria parasites. It combines the Dimethyl adipimidate (DMA)/Thin film Sample processing (DTS) technique as a first stage and the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer-Isothermal solid-phase DNA Amplification (MZI-IDA) sensing technique as a second stage. The system can extract DNA from malarial parasites using DTS technique in a closed system, not only reducing sample loss and contamination, but also facilitating the multiplexed malarial DNA detection using the fast and accurate MZI-IDA technique. Here, we demonstrated that this system can deliver results within 60min (including sample processing, amplification and detection) with high sensitivity (<1 parasite μL(-1)) in a label-free and real-time manner. The developed system would be of great potential for better diagnosis of malaria in low-resource settings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microelectronics, A⁎STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sangho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chwee Teck
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microelectronics, A⁎STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mi Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: shinyongno1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: Isothermal DNA amplification; Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Malaria parasites; Sample processing; Tropical disease