title: Estrogen signaling and unfolded protein response in breast cancer.
abstract: Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) confers resistance to anti-estrogens and chemotherapeutics in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive and triple-negative breast cancers. Among the regulators of the UPR in breast cancer is estrogen signaling. Estrogen regulates major components of the UPR and ER expression is associated with the sensitivity of tumor cells to UPR-regulated apoptosis. Recent studies have confirmed the crosstalk between the ERs and UPR and suggest novel therapeutic strategies that combine targeting of both signaling pathways. These remedies may be more effective in repressing oncogenic adaptive mechanisms and benefit patients with resistant disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Gayani
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajapaksa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, USA. Electronic address: chthomas@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Christoforos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, USA. Electronic address: jgustafsson@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Jan-Åke
authors.initials: JÅ
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C497111:ATF6 protein, human; D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605543:XBP1 protein, human; C460640:EIF2AK3 protein, human; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase
keywords: Breast cancer; Endocrine resistance; Estrogen; Nuclear receptors; Unfolded protein response