title: Correlation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphism (GG, TT and GT Genotype) with Proteinuria and Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephropathy is the most important leading cause of end stage renal failure in type 2 diabetic patients, so numerous studies were done to diagnose and evaluate risk factors of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Some gene polymorphisms may be associated with progression or regression of DN, so the aim of this study was to compare prevalence of eNOS gene polymorphism in diabetic patients with controls and its association with diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 94 type 2 diabetic patients and 94 normal participants were enrolled. Patients without retinopathy were excluded from this study. For all of the patients, fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hours post-prandial (BS), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine (Cr), 24 hours urine protein were measured in the case group. Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase gene polymorphism was evaluated in the case and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference based on age and sex between patients in case and control groups. GG genotype of eNOS was less common in the patient group compared to control group. There was no difference between prevalence of TT, GT or GG genotype based on age and sex. There was no correlation between diabetic retinopathy or proteinuria and genotypes of eNOs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that in type 2 diabetic patients, NOS gene polymorphism was more common compared to normal population; however, there is no correlation between this gene polymorphism and proteinuria or retinopathy in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, Nephrology Division of Internal medicine Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran .
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Cellular and Molecular research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran .
authors.forename: Morteza Hashemzadeh
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chaleshtori
authors.affiliation: Internist, Department of Internal Medicine Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran .
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saadatmand
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biostatics, Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Iran .
authors.forename: Soleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kheiri
keywords: Nephropathy; Retinopathy; eNOS