title: The use of multimodality cardiovascular imaging to assess right ventricular size and function.
abstract: Right ventricular (RV) size and function have been found to be important predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with various conditions. However, non-invasive assessment of the RV is a challenging task due to its complex anatomy and location in the chest. Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered a "gold standard" for RV assessment, the development of novel echocardiographic techniques, including three-dimensional (3DE) and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) opened new exciting opportunities in RV imaging. 3DE has proven accurate in measuring RV volumes and ejection fraction when compared with CMR while 2DSTE plays a critical role in measuring RV myocardial deformation, which is a powerful predictor of patients' functional capacity and survival. Cardiac computed tomography provides an accurate and reproducible assessment of the RV volumes and can be considered a reliable alternative for patients who are not suitable for either echocardiography or CMR. The purpose of this review is to summarize currently available data on the role of the different noninvasive cardiac imaging modalities in assessment of RV size, function and mechanics, with an emphasis on the benefits of novel imaging techniques and on how the latter can be applied in the various clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Samara State Medical University, Chapaevskaya Str. 89, 443099 Samara, Russian Federation. Electronic address: elena.surkova.md@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Surkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. Electronic address: denisa.muraru@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muraru
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. Electronic address: sabino.iliceto@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliceto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. Electronic address: lpbadano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luigi P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Badano
mesh_terms: D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right
keywords: Cardiac magnetic resonance; Computed tomography; Reference values; Right ventricle; Three-dimensional echocardiography; Two-dimensional echocardiography