title: Communicative Coping Behavior Checklist: Observation of Persons With Dementia in the Home Environment.
abstract: Communication contributes to increased stress, mortality, and decreased quality of life (QOL) for persons with dementia (PWD) and caregivers. PWD use communicative coping behaviors (CCBs) to manage the demands of the disease. However, most assessments neither look for nor give credit to communication behaviors. This is the first study to examine CCBs in the home environment as measured by the Communicative Coping Behavior Checklist (CCBC).
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional quantitative study included 26 dementia and 18 cognitively normal control dyads. Raters observed their partners' CCBs at home, over several weeks and completed the CCBC. We analyzed the endorsement rates (how often behaviors were observed by a rater) of emotion and activity-focused CCBs in dementia and control dyads.
  
  
  
  The primary outcome was rate of CCB endorsement. Secondary outcomes included dementia diagnosis, cognitive status, depressive mood, life satisfaction (SWL) and QOL. Dementia dyads endorsed 11 of 23 CCBs significantly more than control dyads. Action-focused CCBs (p < .001) were more frequent than emotion-focused CCBs (p = .004) in dementia dyads. Specific CCBs such as humor correlated with higher caregiver QOL (p = .019) and PWD's SWL (p = .003). Another CCB, general humor, correlated with lower PWD's SWL (p = .024).
  
  
  
  This was the first study to examine CCBs in the home environment comparing dementia and control dyads. Higher endorsement rates of action-focused than emotion-focused CCBs were seen in dementia dyads. We conclude that attention to CCBs during treatment and care will improve QOL and SWL of PWD and caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia. saunderp@georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruth
authors.affiliation: Counseling Psychology, Fordham University, New York.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Latella
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Division, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talisman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D017028:Caregivers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D057189:Checklist; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Alzheimers; Assessment; Communication; Coping; Dementia; Language