title: Neuropathological basis of nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) can begin well before motor PD begins. It is now clear, from clinical and autopsy studies, that there is significant Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy present outside the nigro-striatal pathway and that this may underlie these nonmotor manifestations. This review discusses neuropathological findings that may underlie nonmotor symptoms that either predate motor findings or occur as the disease progresses. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Parkinson's disease; nonmotor signs; synuclein