title: In vivo comparison of cavity disinfection efficacy with APF gel, Propolis, Diode Laser, and 2% chlorhexidine in primary teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations would be enhanced if near total elimination of cariogenic microorganisms could be done in the process of cavity cleaning before placing a restoration. Thus, use of disinfecting agents for achieving this goal could herald a new beginning in the field of contemporary dentistry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare the cavity disinfection efficacy of APF gel, Brazilian Propolis, Diode Laser, and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a randomized, single blinded, parallel grouped, active controlled trial. Eighty primary molars in 68 children with cavitated dentinal occlusal caries were randomly assigned into four groups (20 teeth each) Group I: APF gel; Group II: Propolis; Group III: Diode Laser, and Group IV: 2% CHX (control). After cavity preparation using ART procedure, dentinal samples collected before and after disinfection with respective agent of the group. These samples were subjected to microbiological evaluation, for total viable count (TVC) on blood agar, Streptococcus mutans on mutans-sanguis (MS) agar, and Lactobacilli (LB) on Rogosa agar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intragroup comparison (Wilcoxon signed rank test) showed significant reductions in TVC, MS, and LB counts in all the groups. Pairwise Mann-Whitney test showed APF gel had least bacterial reductions among the agents tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study illustrated the need for cavity disinfection. Diode Laser and Brazilian Propolis are equally effective as 2% CHX in cavity disinfection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: P V M Uday
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Uloopi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vinay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: R Chandrasekhar
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rao
keywords: APF gel; Propolis; atraumatic restorative treatment; cavity disinfection; diode Laser and 2% chlorhexidine