title: Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on Gynostemma pentaphyllum physiology and bioactive compounds.
abstract: Recently, an important topic of research has been how climate change is seriously threatening the sustainability of agricultural production. However, there is surprisingly little experimental data regarding how elevated temperature and CO2 will affect the growth of medicinal plants and production of bioactive compounds. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the photosynthetic process, biomass, total sugars, antioxidant compounds, antioxidant capacity, and bioactive compounds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Two different CO2 concentrations [360 and 720μmolmol(-1)] were imposed on plants grown at two different temperature regimes of 23/18 and 28/23°C (day/night) for 60days. Results show that elevated CO2 and temperature significantly increase the biomass, particularly in proportion to inflorescence total dry weight. The chlorophyll content in leaves increased under the elevated temperature and CO2. Further, electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching (qP), actual photochemical quantum yield (Yield), instantaneous photosynthetic rate (Photo), transpiration rate (Trmmol) and stomatal conductance (Cond) also increased to different degrees under elevated CO2 and temperature. Moreover, elevated CO2 increased the level of total sugars and gypenoside A, but decreased the total antioxidant capacity and main antioxidant compounds in different organs of G. pentaphyllum. Accumulation of total phenolics and flavonoids also decreased in leaves, stems, and inflorescences under elevated CO2 and temperature. Overall, our data indicate that the predicted increase in atmospheric temperature and CO2 could improve the biomass of G. pentaphyllum, but they would reduce its health-promoting properties.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mantri
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
authors.forename: Zhengdong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
authors.forename: Jialei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
authors.forename: Jiahao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China. Electronic address: luhongfei0164@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China. Electronic address: liangzs@ms.iswc.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zongsuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D057231:Climate Change; D029774:Gynostemma / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Climate change; Elevated CO(2); Gynostemma pentaphyllum; Medicinal ingredients; Photosynthesis; Secondary metabolites