title: Factors influencing the late phase of recovery after bone mineral density loss in allogeneic stem cell transplantation survivors.
abstract: Accelerated bone mineral density loss (BMDL) occurs early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and is related to factors such as steroids and chronic GvHD. In order to understand the natural history of BMDL of SCT in the longer term, we evaluated a longitudinal cohort of 148 survivors with a median follow-up of 12 years (range 3-22 years). All women received hormone replacement therapy, and routine calcium/vitamin D supplementation was recommended but ∼50% of patients still had suboptimal vitamin D levels and bisphosphonates were rarely utilized. BMD significantly improved from 5 to 20+ years but the femoral neck and forearm remained vulnerable sites. Younger age, higher pretransplant body mass index (BMI) and increment in BMI post transplant were significantly associated with increased BMD and protected against osteopenia/osteoporosis. These findings support consideration of BMD loss in SCT survivors in two phases, an early phase of BMD loss (3-5 years) followed by a later phase of BMD recovery, with different protective and aggravating factors. Treatment- and transplant-related factors (such as steroids, immunosuppressives, chronic GvHD, vitamin D) are known to impact the early phase of BMD loss but age and BMI are more influential in the late phase of BMD recovery.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anandi
authors.affiliation: Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Office of Biostatistics Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Office of Biostatistics Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pophali
authors.affiliation: Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koklanaris
authors.affiliation: Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Savani
authors.affiliation: Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battiwalla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000473:pathology; D005542:Forearm / Q000473:pathology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D014807:Vitamin D