title: Cellular and humoral influenza-specific immune response upon vaccination in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and unclassified antibody deficiency.
abstract: Immunization against seasonal influenza with inactivated vaccine is recommended for patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). However, humoral vaccine response in CVID patients is frequently impaired and current knowledge on T cell vaccine response in CVID and other patients with antibody deficiency is poor.
  
  
  
  In the present study, we comparatively analyzed the antibody and T cellular immune response of patients with CVID and unclassified antibody deficiency to influenza vaccination in the season 2013-2014.
  
  
  
  Eight patients with CVID, 8 patients with unclassified antibody deficiency and 9 healthy controls were vaccinated with a single dose of non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine. Before and 3 weeks after the vaccination antibody titers against the strains A/California/7/2009, A/Texas/50/2012, and B/Massachusetts/02/2012 included in the vaccine were measured by hemagglutination inhibition testing. Additionally, vaccine-specific T cell cytokine response was determined by stimulation with the complete vaccine in vitro.
  
  
  
  Whereas all healthy controls responded to vaccination with serum antibody titers, only 1/8 CVID patients and 4/8 patients with unclassified antibody deficiency showed a response against at least 1 of the 3 vaccine strains. However, 7/8 of the CVID and 6/8 of the patients with unclassified antibody deficiency had similar frequencies of vaccine-induced IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 producing CD40L(+) T cells as the control group.
  
  
  
  Our data suggest that most CVID and unclassified antibody deficiency patients benefit from seasonal influenza vaccination by mounting a cellular response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: leif-gunnar.hanitsch@charite.de.
authors.forename: Leif G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hanitsch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Madlen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löbel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan Florian
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mieves
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Babel
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert-Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Brunhilde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wittke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheibenbogen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D017074:Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000276:immunology*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: CVID; Cytokines; Influenza vaccination; T cell response; Unclassified antibody deficiency