title: Decreased expression of miR-33 in fetal lungs of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and the causes of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension remain unclear. miRNAs have been identified to play important regulatory roles in pulmonary pathological processes and lung development. We carried out the study to investigate the hypothesis that specific miRNAs are expressed differently in the lungs of nitrofen-induced rats, and to explore the possible targeting genes and roles of miR-33 in the pathological process of CDH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant rats were divided into nitrofen and control group, and were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle respectively on D9. Fetuses were harvested on D21 and left lungs were dissected. 4 samples from each group underwent miRNAs microarray analysis using Agilent miRNA Array. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was further performed to validate the miR-33 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 miRNAs exhibited increased expression in nitrofen group compared with control (p<0.05): miR-3588, miR-382*, miR-363, miR-375, miR-487b, miR-483, miR-382, miR-495, miR-434, miR-181a, and miR-99a. 14 miRNAs showed decreased expression (p<0.05): miR-33, miR-193, miR-338, miR-30c-2*, miR-22, miR-18a, miR-532-5p, miR-28, miR-96, miR-551b, miR-141, miR-362*, miR-30a*, and miR-3559-5p. Among them, miR-33 expression was markedly decreased in CDH lungs compared to controls and the result was confirmed by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased expression of miR-33 was found in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung on D21. This finding suggests that pathogenesis of lung hypoplasia and CDH in the nitrofen model involve epigenetic layer of regulation.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shibo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiuming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ruizhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: jiakangyu2006@126.com.
authors.forename: Jiakang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D038081:Organogenesis; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C580642:MIRN33 microRNA, rat; D035683:MicroRNAs; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; C007350:nitrofen
keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Lung; MicroRNA; Nitrofen; miR-33