title: An Evaluation of Robotic and Conventional IMRT for Prostate Cancer: Potential for Dose Escalation.
abstract: This study compares conventional and robotic intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for prostate boost treatments and provides clinical insight into the strengths and weaknesses of each. The potential for dose escalation with robotic IMRT is further investigated using the "critical volume tolerance" method proposed by Roach et al. Three clinically acceptable treatment plans were generated for 10 prostate boost patients: (1) a robotic IMRT plan using fixed cones, (2) a robotic IMRT plan using the Iris variable aperture collimator, and (3) a conventional linac based IMRT (c-IMRT) plan. Target coverage, critical structure doses, homogeneity, conformity, dose fall-off, and treatment time, were compared across plans. The average bladder and rectum V75 was 17.1%, 20.0%, and 21.4%, and 8.5%, 11.9%, and 14.1% for the Iris, fixed, and c-IMRT plans, respectively. On average the conformity index (nCI) was 1.20, 1.30, and 1.46 for the Iris, fixed, and c-IMRT plans. Differences between the Iris and the c-IMRT plans were statistically significant for the bladder V75 (P= .016), rectum V75 (P= .0013), and average nCI (P =.002). Dose to normal tissue in terms of R50 was 4.30, 5.87, and 8.37 for the Iris, fixed and c-IMRT plans, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the Iris and c-IMRT (P = .0013) and the fixed and c-IMRT (P = .001) plans. In general, the robotic IMRT plans generated using the Iris were significantly better compared to c-IMRT plans, and showed average dose gains of up to 34% for a critical rectal volume of 5%.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dilini S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pinnaduwage
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Descovich
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lometti
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Badri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Varad
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mack
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
mesh_terms: D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods
keywords: dose escalation; prostate cancer; robotic IMRT