title: Fetal Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO): a practical review for providers.
abstract: Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a serious condition, which commonly results in marked perinatal morbidity and mortality. The characteristic prenatal presentation of LUTO includes an enlarged bladder with bilateral obstructive uropathy. While mild forms of the disease result in minimal clinical sequelae, the more severe forms commonly lead to oligohydramnios, dysplastic changes in the fetal kidneys, and ultimately result in secondary pulmonary hypoplasia. The aim of this review is to provide practitioners with a practical and concise overview of the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of LUTO.
authors.affiliation: St. David's Women's Center of Texas, Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 12200 Renfert Way, G-3, Austin, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haeri