title: An exploration of spatial human health risk assessment of soil toxic metals under different land uses using sequential indicator simulation.
abstract: A modified method was proposed which integrates the spatial patterns of toxic metals simulated by sequential indicator simulation, different exposure models and local current land uses extracted by remote-sensing software into a dose-response model for human health risk assessment of toxic metals. A total of 156 soil samples with a various land uses containing farm land (F1-F25), forest land (W1-W12) and residential land (U1-U15) were collected in a grid pattern throughout Xiandao District (XDD), Hunan Province, China. The total Cr and Pb in topsoil were analyzed. Compared with Hunan soil background values, the elevated concentrations of Cr were mainly located in the east of XDD, and the elevated concentrations of Pb were scattered in the areas around F1, F6, F8, F13, F14, U5, U14, W2 and W11. For non-carcinogenic effects, the hazard index (HI) of Cr and Pb overall the XDD did not exceed the accepted level to adults. While to children, Cr and Pb exhibited HI higher than the accepted level around some areas. The assessment results indicated Cr and Pb should be regarded as the priority pollutants of concern in XDD. The first priority areas of concern were identified in region A with a high probability (>0.95) of risk in excess of the accepted level for Cr and Pb. The areas with probability of risk between 0.85 and 0.95 in region A were identified to be the secondary priority areas for Cr and Pb. The modified method was proved useful due to its improvement on previous studies and calculating a more realistic human health risk, thus reducing the probability of excessive environmental management.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China. Electronic address: huangjinhui_59@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Chu
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China. Electronic address: zgming@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Li-Xiu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead
keywords: Health risk assessment; Land use; Sequential indicator simulation; Soil; Toxic metals