title: Estrogens maintain skeletal muscle and satellite cell functions.
abstract: Estrogens have crucial roles in an extensive range of physiological functions regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, development, homeostasis, and metabolism. Therefore, prolonged estrogen insufficiency influences various types of tissues expressing estrogen receptors (ERs). Although ERs are expressed in skeletal muscle and its stem cells, called satellite cells, how prolonged estrogen insufficiency affects their function remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of estrogen reduction on muscle in young ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. We found that reduced estrogens resulted in muscle atrophy in a time-dependent manner. Muscle force generation was reduced in OVX mice. Interestingly, prolonged estrogen insufficiency shifted fiber types toward faster myosin heavy chain isoforms. The number of satellite cells per isolated myofiber was unchanged, while satellite cell expansion, differentiation, and self-renewal were all markedly impaired in OVX mice. Indeed, muscle regeneration was significantly compromised in OVX mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that estrogens are essential for comprehensively maintaining muscle function with its insufficiency affecting muscle strength and regeneration in young female mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell BiologyAtomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell BiologyAtomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan yusuke-ono@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012038:Regeneration; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens
keywords: estrogens; females; muscle atrophy; satellite cells; skeletal muscle