title: Sources of beta cells inside the pancreas.
abstract: The generation of beta(-like) cells to compensate for their absolute or relative shortage in type 1 and type 2 diabetes is an obvious therapeutic strategy. Patients first received grafts of donor islet cells over 25 years ago, but this procedure has not become routine in clinical practice because of a donor cell shortage and (auto)immune problems. Transplantation of differentiated embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells may overcome some but not all the current limitations. Reprogramming exocrine cells towards functional beta(-like) cells would offer an alternative abundant and autologous source of beta(-like) cells. This review focuses on work by our research group towards achieving such a source of cells. It summarises a presentation given at the 'Can we make a better beta cell?' symposium at the 2015 annual meeting of the EASD. It is accompanied by two other reviews on topics from this symposium (by Amin Ardestani and Kathrin Maedler, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3892-9 , and by Heiko Lickert and colleagues, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3949-9 ) and a commentary by the Session Chair, Shanta Persaud (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3870-2 ).
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Groef
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Staels
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Gassen
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemper
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yixing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuchi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mozhdeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sojoodi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bussche
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heremans
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leuckx
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Leu
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van de Casteele
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baeyens
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium. Harry.Heimberg@vub.ac.be.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: (Trans)differentiation; Beta cells; Diabetes; Exocrine pancreas; Growth factors; Injury; Macrophages; Proliferation; Regeneration; Review; Transcription factors