title: Pathogenic effects of glucosyltransferase from Clostridium difficile toxins.
abstract: The glucosyltransferase domain ofClostridium difficiletoxins modifies guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of Rho family. It is the major virulent domain of the holotoxins. Various pathogenic effects ofC. difficiletoxins in response to Rho glucosylation have been investigated including cytoskeleton damage, cell death and inflammation. The most recent studies have revealed some significant characteristics of the holotoxins that are independent of glucosylating activity. These findings arouse discussion about the role of glucosyltransferase activity in toxin pathogenesis and open up new insights for toxin mechanism study. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic effects of glucosyltransferase domain of the toxins in the past years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Yongrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA hfeng@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Hanping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D005964:Glucosyltransferases
keywords: Clostridium difficile; glucosyltransferase; pathogenesis; toxins