title: Novel pre-treatments to control bromate formation during ozonation.
abstract: Worldwide water shortage increase and water quality depletion from microbial and chemical compounds, pose significant challenges for today's water treatment industry. Both the development of new advanced oxidation technologies, but also the enhancement of existing conventional technologies is of high interest. This study tested improvements to conventional ozonation that reduce the formation of the oxidation-by-product bromate, while maintaining the effectiveness for removal emerging contaminants (atrazine). MnO4-, ClO2-, ClO2, ClO-, CH3COOO-, HSO5-or S2O8-2with NH4+were tested as pre-treatments to ozonation of ground water. Each oxidant and NH4+were added in a single stage or separately prior to ozonation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has tested all the above-mentioned oxidants for the same water matrix. Based on our results, the most promising pre-treatments were MnO4--NH4+, ClO2--NH4+and ClO2-NH4+. MnO4--NH4+was the only pre-treatment that did not inhibit atrazine removal. When compared with the previously proposed Cl2/NH4+pre-treatment, MnO4-+NH4+was found as effective for preventing BrO3-formation, while atrazine removal was higher. In addition, MnO4-+NH4+can be added in a single stage (compared to the 2 stage addition of Cl2/NH4+) without causing the formation of potentially harmful chlorination-by-products.
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Cyprus University of Technology Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias 57, PO Box: 50329, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus. Electronic address: maria.antoniou@cut.ac.cy.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.affiliation: Siemens AG, Industry Sector, Industry Automation Division,Water Technologies, Auf der Weide 10, 89312 Günzburg, Germany; Siemens AG, Industry Sector, Industry Automation Division, Sensors and Communication, I IA SC S PI IBD-E, Oestliche Rheinbrueckenstr. 50, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Cosima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sichel
authors.affiliation: Siemens AG, Industry Sector, Industry Automation Division,Water Technologies, Auf der Weide 10, 89312 Günzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Andersen
keywords: Ammonia; Atrazine; Bromate; Chlorine dioxide; Ozone; Permanganate