title: Aloe vera extract functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates.
abstract: ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesised through a simple and efficient biogenic synthesis approach, exploiting the reducing and capping potential of Aloe barbadensis Miller (A. vera) leaf extract (ALE). ALE-capped ZnO nanoparticles (ALE-ZnONPs) were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. XRD analysis provided the average size of ZnONPs as 15 nm. FTIR spectral analysis suggested the role of phenolic compounds, terpenoids and proteins present in ALE, in nucleation and stability of ZnONPs. Flow cytometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) data analyses revealed the surface binding and internalization of ZnONPs in Gram +ve (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram -ve (Escherichia coli) cells, respectively. Significant antibacterial activity of ALE-ZnONPs was observed against extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) positive E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates exhibiting the MIC and MBC values of 2200, 2400 μg/ml and 2300, 2700 μg/ml, respectively. Substantial inhibitory effects of ALE-ZnONPs on bacterial growth kinetics, exopolysaccharides and biofilm formation, unequivocally suggested the antibiotic and anti-biofilm potential. Overall, the results elucidated a rapid, environmentally benign, cost-effective, and convenient method for ALE-ZnONPs synthesis, for possible applications as nanoantibiotics or drug carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Khursheed
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Ameer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Quaiser
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Saquib
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mansour S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Said
authors.affiliation: Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alkhedhairy
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSBU, Rajouri, J & K, India. Electronic address: musarratj1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musarrat
mesh_terms: D000504:Aloe; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Aloe vera; Biofilm inhibition; Biogenic synthesis; ZnO nanoparticles