title: Association of salivary alpha 2-macroglobulin levels and clinical characteristics in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Studies suggest that salivary proteins can be used as potential non-invasive markers for clinical diagnosis and screening for diabetes. Previous reports showed that plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2MG) levels were higher in diabetic patients, especially with diabetic complications. We investigated the relationship between salivary A2MG values and clinical characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  A total of 91 adults were recruited from our outpatient clinics. The study the patients' collected general and biochemical data, and blood glucose (fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) data. Plasma and salivary A2MG levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  
  The salivary A2MG levels were significantly positively correlated with plasma A2MG levels, fasting glucose HbA1c and periodontitis status. After 3 months of follow up, the net change of salivary A2MG values positively correlated with the net change of fasting glucose, HbA1c and triglyceride levels, but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol changes. Furthermore, the correlations between salivary A2MG and fasting glucose HbA1c were better than plasma A2MG, respectively.
  
  
  
  Our data show that salivary A2MG levels have better correlation with fasting glucose HbA1c and periodontitis status than plasma A2MG in diabetic patients. Salivary A2MG concentration might serve as a non-invasive marker for clinical diabetic control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital Taichung Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Ju
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Yuen
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Hung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jhih-Syuan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Luen
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Shing
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Alpha 2‐macroglobulin; Diabetes; Saliva