title: [Comparison of two visual acuity tests in school enrolment examinations : Tumbling E test versus Freiburg visual acuity test].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On the initiative of professionals performing vision screening for primary school enrolment, we compared the laptop-based Freiburg acuity and contrast test (FrACT) as a more easily portable alternative to the traditionally employed tumbling E vision test.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed vision with both methods in 326 children (647 eyes) aged 3.8-6.9 years. The FrACT was set to present the Landolt C optotype with the four cardinal orientations and automatic threshold bracketing over 18 presentations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 95% limits of agreement between both methods were ±0.125 logMAR and 95% of all test differences were within slightly more than ±1 line. Over the examined age range acuity significantly but weakly increased (p < 0.01) from 0.7 to 0.9 and for Landolt Cs the acuity gain was slightly higher by 0.02 logMAR per year. The FrACT results were ≥3 lines lower than those of the tumbling E chart in only 6 eyes. The examiners unanimously preferred FrACT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The agreement between both tests of approximately ±1 lines is very high. The low outlier rate of <1% is deemed to be acceptable for a screening test.
authors.affiliation: Klink für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland. michael.bach@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.affiliation: Fachbereichsleitung Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit, Geschäftsbereich Gesundheit, Landratsamt Rems-Murr-Kreis, Waiblingen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.affiliation: Klink für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Lagrèze
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013334:Students; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Children; Landolt C; Screening; Vision tests; Visual acuity