title: Studies on incidence and evaluation of the closed medial patellar desmotomy in lateral recumbency in bovines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to find out the incidence and to evaluate the effectiveness of medial patellar desmotomy (MPD) in lateral recumbency in bovines.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifteen clinical cases of upward fixation of the patella in cattle and buffaloes were treated by closed MPD in lateral recumbency. Probable etiologies, symptoms and site of surgery including disease occurrence with respect to species, sex and season were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, the highest incidence was reported in bullocks. A high success rate was obtained with the closed method in lateral recumbency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the bullocks were more prone to upward fixation of patella and symptoms were exaggerated in winter season. Closed method of MPD was more suited in both cattle and buffaloes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ajit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gangwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kh Sangeeta
authors.initials: KhS
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: bovines; desmotomy; incidence; recumbency