title: Peripheral lymphocyte subset variation predicts prostate cancer carbon ion radiotherapy outcomes.
abstract: The immune system plays a complementary role in the cytotoxic activity of radiotherapy. Here, we examined changes in immune cell subsets after heavy ion therapy for prostate cancer. The lymphocyte counts were compared with acute radiotherapy-related toxicity, defined according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, and short-term local efficacy, defined based on prostate-specific antigen concentrations. Confirmed prostate cancer patients who had not received previous radiotherapy were administered carbon ion radiotherapy (CIR) in daily fractions of 2.74 GyE with a total dose of 63-66 GyE. Lymphocyte subset counts were investigated before, during and after radiotherapy, and at a 1 month follow-up. Most notable among our findings, the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD19+ cell counts were consistently higher in patients with a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to CIR than in those classified in the stable disease (SD) group (P<0.05 for both). But CD3+ and CD8+ cell counts were lower in the CR and PR groups than in the SD group. These results indicate that variations in peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations are predictive of outcome after CIR for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhang-Ru
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Xin
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xun-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.|Radiation Oncology Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D063193:Heavy Ion Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: carbon ion radiotherapy; peripheral lymphocyte; prostate cancer