title: Spindle Oscillations in Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Measurement of sleep microarchitecture and neural oscillations is an increasingly popular technique for quantifying EEG sleep activity. Many studies have examined sleep spindle oscillations in sleep-disordered adults; however reviews of this literature are scarce. As such, our overarching aim was to critically review experimental studies examining sleep spindle activity between adults with and without different sleep disorders. Articles were obtained using a systematic methodology with a priori criteria. Thirty-seven studies meeting final inclusion criteria were reviewed, with studies grouped across three categories: insomnia, hypersomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders (including parasomnias). Studies of patients with insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing were more abundant relative to other diagnoses. All studies were cross-sectional. Studies were largely inconsistent regarding spindle activity differences between clinical and nonclinical groups, with some reporting greater or less activity, while many others reported no group differences. Stark inconsistencies in sample characteristics (e.g., age range and diagnostic criteria) and methods of analysis (e.g., spindle bandwidth selection, visual detection versus digital filtering, absolute versus relative spectral power, and NREM2 versus NREM3) suggest a need for greater use of event-based detection methods and increased research standardization. Hypotheses regarding the clinical and empirical implications of these findings, and suggestions for potential future studies, are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: PERFORM Center and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Exercise Science and Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5.
authors.forename: Oren M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.affiliation: PERFORM Center and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Exercise Science and Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5.
authors.forename: Thien Thanh
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7235-2721
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Dang-Vu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058256:Brain Waves; D002012:Bruxism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000503:physiopathology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult