title: Association of BMI-1 and p16 as prognostic factors for head and neck carcinomas.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  BMI-1 is an upstream repressor of tumor suppressor p16 and their inverse expression patterns have been linked with patient survival in OPSCC. In this material only p16 remained a relevant prognostic marker in OPSCC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  HNSCC tumors carry variable phenotypes and clinical outcomes depending on their anatomical location. In OPSCC, expression of tumor suppressor p16 is used as a surrogate marker of HPV infection and has prognostic value. There are no good prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC tumors of other anatomical locations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression patterns of p16 and BMI-1 in not only oropharyngeal but also oral, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and to clarify their putative connections with clinical parameters, survival, and each other.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital records on 130 patients (59 OPSCC, 18 OSCC, 20 HPSCC, and 33 LSCC) diagnosed between 1997-2008 at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, were reviewed. BMI-1 and p16 expressions were studied by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight per cent of OPSCC expressed p16 and expression correlated with lower age, lower T- and higher N-category, and with improved OS and DFS. BMI-1 expression was most prevalent in OPSCC and LSCC, but had no clinical correlations. No correlation between p16 and BMI-1 expression was found.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;|b Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences , Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Suvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renkonen
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HusLab , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;|d Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;|e Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland ;
authors.forename: Caj
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;
authors.forename: Petri S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.affiliation: f Department of Pathology , Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Ilmo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leivo
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HusLab , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagström
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;|b Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences , Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Antti A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mäkitie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C069077:BMI1 protein, human; C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
keywords: HPV; Oral; hypopharynx; larynx; oropharynx; predictive marker; stem cell