title: A Querying Method over RDF-ized Health Level Seven v2.5 Messages Using Life Science Knowledge Resources.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health level seven version 2.5 (HL7 v2.5) is a widespread messaging standard for information exchange between clinical information systems. By applying Semantic Web technologies for handling HL7 v2.5 messages, it is possible to integrate large-scale clinical data with life science knowledge resources.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Showing feasibility of a querying method over large-scale resource description framework (RDF)-ized HL7 v2.5 messages using publicly available drug databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a method to convert HL7 v2.5 messages into the RDF. We also converted five kinds of drug databases into RDF and provided explicit links between the corresponding items among them. With those linked drug data, we then developed a method for query expansion to search the clinical data using semantic information on drug classes along with four types of temporal patterns. For evaluation purpose, medication orders and laboratory test results for a 3-year period at the University of Tokyo Hospital were used, and the query execution times were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 650 million RDF triples for medication orders and 790 million RDF triples for laboratory test results were converted. Taking three types of query in use cases for detecting adverse events of drugs as an example, we confirmed these queries were represented in SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) using our methods and comparison with conventional query expressions were performed. The measurement results confirm that the query time is feasible and increases logarithmically or linearly with the amount of data and without diverging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed methods enabled query expressions that separate knowledge resources and clinical data, thereby suggesting the feasibility for improving the usability of clinical data by enhancing the knowledge resources. We also demonstrate that when HL7 v2.5 messages are automatically converted into RDF, searches are still possible through SPARQL without modifying the structure. As such, the proposed method benefits not only our hospitals, but also numerous hospitals that handle HL7 v2.5 messages. Our approach highlights a potential of large-scale data federation techniques to retrieve clinical information, which could be applied as applications of clinical intelligence to improve clinical practices, such as adverse drug event monitoring and cohort selection for a clinical study as well as discovering new knowledge from clinical information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Information Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. kawazoe@hcc.h.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7277-0827
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawazoe
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-079X
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-9536
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohe
keywords: Semantic Web; electronic health records; health level seven; information storage and retrieval; linked open data