title: Fast environment-friendly ball mill-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based extraction of natural products.
abstract: A fast environment-friendly extraction method, ball mill-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based extraction, was used for the extraction of natural products from plants. In this study, tanshinones were selected as target compounds to evaluate the efficiency of the developed extraction method. Under the optimized experimental conditions, cryptotanshinone (0.176 mg/g), tanshinone I (0.181 mg/g), and tanshinone II A (0.421 mg/g) were extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and the developed method was found to be greener, more efficient, and faster than conventional, environmentally harmful extraction methods such as methanol-based ultrasound-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction. The analytical performances including recovery, reproducibility (RSD, n=5), correlation of determination (r(2)), and the limit of detection, with the ranges of 96.1-103.9%, 1.6-1.9%, 0.9973-0.9984, and 5-8 ng/mL, were respectively obtained. Application of ball mill-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based extraction may fundamentally shape the future development of extraction methods.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Jiaqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China. Electronic address: biwentao@njnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address: yangxiaodi@njnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaodi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Electronic address: chen@chem.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: David Da Yong
authors.initials: Dda Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001688:Biological Products / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D001688:Biological Products; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C021751:tanshinone; C037886:cryptotanshinone
keywords: Ball mill; Deep eutectic solvent; Extraction; Natural products; Tanshinones