title: Considerations in the Evaluation of Potential Efficacy of Medications for Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders: An Editorial.
abstract: The societal burden created by alcohol and drug use disorders is estimated to be on the order of hundreds of billions of dollars, creating a need for effective medications to reduce use and prevent relapse. While there are FDA-approved medications to facilitate abstinence and prevent relapse for some indications including, alcohol, tobacco, and opiate use disorders, there are no approved treatments for other abused substances, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and cannabis, leaving these critical medical needs unmet. The development of such medications has fallen largely to the government with efforts spearheaded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse. Both agencies have medication development programs with preclinical components that include the standardized evaluation of compounds using animal models. This chapter describes the rationale and considerations involved in the use of such models, including reinstatement of drug self-administration.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egli
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. Electronic address: whitedav@nida.nih.gov.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Acri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
keywords: Animal models; Drug discovery; Medication development; Predictive validity; Reinstatement; Self-administration; Substance use disorders