title: Diagnosis of hearing loss using automated audiometry in an asynchronous telehealth model: A pilot accuracy study.
abstract: Introduction Standard criteria exist for diagnosing different types of hearing loss, yet audiologists interpret audiograms manually. This pilot study examined the feasibility of standardised interpretations of audiometry in a telehealth model of care. The aim of this study was to examine diagnostic accuracy of automated audiometry in adults with hearing loss in an asynchronous telehealth model using pre-defined diagnostic protocols. Materials and methods We recruited 42 study participants from a public audiology and otolaryngology clinic in Perth, Western Australia. Manual audiometry was performed by an audiologist either before or after automated audiometry. Diagnostic protocols were applied asynchronously for normal hearing, disabling hearing loss, conductive hearing loss and unilateral hearing loss. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted using a two-by-two matrix and Cohen's kappa was used to measure agreement. Results The overall sensitivity for the diagnostic criteria was 0.88 (range: 0.86-1) and overall specificity was 0.93 (range: 0.86-0.97). Overall kappa ( k) agreement was 'substantial' k = 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.89) and significant at p < 0.001. Discussion Pre-defined diagnostic protocols applied asynchronously to automated audiometry provide accurate identification of disabling, conductive and unilateral hearing loss. This method has the potential to improve synchronous and asynchronous tele-audiology service delivery.
authors.affiliation: 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Western Australia.|2 Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Brennan-Jones
authors.affiliation: 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Western Australia.|2 Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia.|3 Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Eikelboom
authors.affiliation: 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Western Australia.|2 Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia.|3 Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: De Wet
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swanepoel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001299:Audiometry / Q000379:methods*; D001331:Automation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis; D046088:Hearing Loss, Unilateral / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Automated audiometry; accuracy; audiometry; hearing loss; tele-audiology