title: Anticoccidial activities of Chitosan on Eimeria papillata-infected mice.
abstract: Eimeria spp. multiply within the intestinal tract causing severe inflammatory responses. Chitosan (CS), meanwhile, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in different experimental models. Here, we investigated the effect of CS on the outcome of inflammation caused by Eimeria papillata in the mouse intestine. Investigations were undertaken into the oocyst output in feces and developmental stages and goblet cells in intestinal tissue. Assays for lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also performed. T cells in intestinal tissue were counted using immunohistochemistry while total IgA in serum or intestinal wash was assayed using ELISA. In addition, mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-4 were detected using real-time PCR. The data indicated a reduction in both oocyst output and in the number of parasite developmental stages following CS treatment, while the goblet cell hypoplasia in infected mice was also inhibited. CS decreased lipid peroxidation, NO, and MPO but did not alter the T cell count or IgA levels in comparison to the infected group. The expression of TNF-α and TGF-β decreased but IL-10 and IL-4 increased after CS treatment in comparison to the non-treated infected group. In conclusion, CS showed anti-inflammatory and protective effects against E. papillata infection.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem Street, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Latif
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem Street, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abdel-Haleem
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem Street, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt. azema1@yahoo.com.|Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. azema1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdel-Azeem S
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdel-Baki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004539:Eimeria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003049:Coccidiostats; D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: Anticoccidia; Chitosan; Eimeria papillata; Inflammation; Mice