title: Association of Genital Infections Other Than Human Papillomavirus with Pre-Invasive and Invasive Cervical Neoplasia.
abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established causative agent of malignancy of the female genital tract and a common Sexually Transmitted Infection. The probable co-factors that prevent spontaneous clearance of HPV and progression to neoplasia are genital tract infections from organisms like Chlamydia, Trichomonas vaginalis etc, smoking, nutritional deficiencies and multiparity. Inflammatory conditions can lead to pre-neoplastic manifestations in the cervical epithelium; however their specific role in cervical carcinogenesis is not yet established. Therefore it is imperative to study the likely association between HPV and co-infection with various common pathogens in the genital tract of women having cervical precancer or cancer. A "Pubmed" search was made for articles in Literature on this topic using the words: Cervical neoplasia, HPV, co-infections, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida, Chlamydia and the relevant information obtained was used to draft the review.
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow Clinical Oncology, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, India .
authors.forename: Ishita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor and H.O.D, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, India .
authors.forename: Ranajit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Murshidabad Medical College , Berhampore Murshidabad, West Bengal, India .
authors.forename: Pratip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.affiliation: Director, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, India .
authors.forename: Jaydip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biswas
keywords: Candida; Chlamydia; Co-infections; Trichomonas vaginalis