title: Propofol-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Fetal Animal Brain and Developments in Modifying These Effects-An Updated Review of Propofol Fetal Exposure in Laboratory Animal Studies.
abstract: In the past twenty years, evidence of neurotoxicity in the developing brain in animal studies from exposure to several general anesthetics has been accumulating. Propofol, a commonly used general anesthetic medication, administered during synaptogenesis, may trigger widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain and long-term neurobehavioral disturbances in both rodents and non-human primates. Despite the growing evidence of the potential neurotoxicity of different anesthetic agents in animal studies, there is no concrete evidence that humans may be similarly affected. However, given the growing evidence of the neurotoxic effects of anesthetics in laboratory studies, it is prudent to further investigate the mechanisms causing these effects and potential ways to mitigate them. Here, we review multiple studies that investigate the effects of in utero propofol exposure and the developmental agents that may modify these deleterious effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07107, USA. xiong@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07107, USA. lizhangx1212@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07107, USA. jingli_umdnj@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07107, USA. eloyje@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eloy
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07107, USA. ye@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Jiang Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07107, USA. bekkeray@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bekker
keywords: apoptosis; in utero; neurotoxicity; propofol