title: An Internet-based program for depression using activity and physiological sensors: efficacy, expectations, satisfaction, and ease of use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) has been shown to be efficacious. Moreover, CCBT can be enhanced by using physiological and activity sensors, but there is no evidence about the acceptability of all these tools. The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy, expectations, satisfaction, and ease of use of an Internet-based CCBT program for preventing depression, with and without sensors (electroencephalography, electrocardiograhpy ECG, and actigraphy), in a high-risk population (unemployed men).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty participants at risk of depression (unemployed men) were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: 1) intervention program (N=22), 2) intervention program plus sensors (N=19), and 3) control group (N=19). Participants completed depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and perceived stress measures. Furthermore, they also completed the measures for expectation, satisfaction, and the ease of use of the program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that the two intervention groups improved significantly more than the control group on the clinical variables, and the improvements were greater in the group that used sensors than in the group that did not use them. Furthermore, participants in both intervention groups scored high on expectations and satisfaction with the CCBT program (with and without sensors). The mean score for usability was 88 out of 100 (standard deviation =12.32). No significant differences were found between groups on any of these variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to analyze the efficacy, expectations, satisfaction, and ease of use of an Internet-based program using physiological and activity sensors. These results suggest that an Internet program for depression with or without physiological and activity sensors is effective, satisfactory, and easy to use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botella
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mira
authors.affiliation: CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moragrega
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Azucena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Palacios
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bretón-López
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riera López Del Amo
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quero
authors.affiliation: CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guillén-Botella
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nebot
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume, Castellón, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Native Systems Institute, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Majoe
authors.affiliation: CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Human-Centered Technology Institute, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcañiz
authors.affiliation: CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Baños
keywords: Internet; depression; ease of use; efficacy; satisfaction; sensors