title: Management and treatment outcomes of patients enrolled in MDR-TB treatment in Viet Nam.
abstract: METHODS
  The programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Viet Nam has been rapidly scaled up since 2009.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document the annual numbers of patients enrolled for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment during 2010-2014 and to determine characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients initiating treatment during 2010-2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study using national reports and data from the national electronic data system for drug-resistant TB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of patients enrolled annually for MDR-TB treatment increased from 97 in 2010 to 1522 in 2014. The majority of patients were middle-aged men who had pulmonary disease and had failed a retreatment regimen; 77% had received ⩾2 courses of TB treatment. Favourable outcomes (cured and treatment completed) were attained in 73% of patients. Unfavourable outcomes included loss to follow-up (12.5%), death (8%) and failure (6.3%). Having had ⩾2 previous treatment courses and being human immunodeficiency virus-positive were associated with unfavourable outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing numbers of patients are being treated for MDR-TB each year with good treatment outcomes under national programme management in Viet Nam. However, there is a need to increase case detection-currently at 30% of the estimated 5100 MDR-TB cases per year, reduce adverse outcomes and improve monitoring and evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: N T M
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Phuong
authors.affiliation: Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Nhung
authors.affiliation: Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam ; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Hoa
authors.affiliation: Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Thuy
authors.affiliation: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Takarinda
authors.affiliation: Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels, Operational Research Unit, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tayler-Smith
authors.affiliation: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harries
keywords: MDR-TB; SORT IT; operational research; programmatic management