title: Testicular infection in brucellosis: Report of 34 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present clinical and laboratory features, treatment options, and outcome in patients with brucellar testicular infection and to compare them with analogous in brucellar patients without testicular involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty four brucellar patients with testicular infection treated in two general hospitals in the Republic of Macedonia, during the period 1998-2009, were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared with analogous in 364 male brucellar patients without testicular infection, who were treated at the same hospitals during the same time period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brucellar testicular infection was evident in 34 (8.5%) out of 398 male patients with brucellosis. The median age of the patients was 46.5 years. In all patients testicular involvement was presented as an acute form with a median duration of 5 days (range, 2-14 days) prior to diagnosis. Twenty-three of the patients had at least one other simultaneous focal infection. After starting with the treatment testicular infection lasted a median 10 days, range 7-21 days. Brucellar patients with testicular infection when compared with other brucellar patients more frequently manifested fever (97% vs. 61%), concomitant spondylitis (32% vs. 16%), and urinary system involvement (12% vs. 2%). Also, the relapse rate in patients with testicular involvement was significantly higher (24% vs. 9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In endemic regions brucellosis should be taken into consideration in any patient with testicular infection. Brucellar testicular involvement is usually characterized with a severe acute clinical presentation and a high percentage of relapses which entails the need of timely recognition and proper treatment duration of at least 60 days.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty "Ss Cyril and Methodius University", Skopje, Macedonia. Electronic address: milebos@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mile
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosilkovski
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty "Ss Cyril and Methodius University", Skopje, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kamiloski
authors.affiliation: Department for Infectious Diseases, Medical Center, Veles, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miskova
authors.affiliation: Department for Infectious Diseases, Medical Center, Bitola, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Danco
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balalovski
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty "Ss Cyril and Methodius University", Skopje, Macedonia; Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kotevska
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty "Ss Cyril and Methodius University", Skopje, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Mile
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrovski
mesh_terms: D002002:Brucella / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005334:Fever; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009920:Orchitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018843:Republic of North Macedonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013166:Spondylitis
keywords: brucellosis; epididymitis; orchitis; relapse; treatment