title: The association of vascular endothelial growth factor, metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors with cardiovascular risk factors in the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was proposed to examine the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and to compare these parameters with healthy controls. We also compared the possible association of the circulating levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and VEGF with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with MetS. We also compared the possible association of the circulating levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and VEGF with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with MetS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 patients with MetS and 17 healthy controls with a body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. Plasma MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and VEGF levels were determined using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIMP-1,-2, MMP-2,-9 levels were significantly higher in patients with MetS compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). Carotid intima-media thickness and serum VEGF levels were found to be significantly increased (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively) in MetS compared with healthy controls. According to the ROC curves, TIMP-1 levels were both sensitive (93.3%) and specific (81.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed that the patients with MetS have increased circulating concentrations of MMP-9, MMP-2, and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 that are associated with increased concentrations of VEGF. These findings suggest that MMP-2 may have a role in the increased cardiovascular risk of MetS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey. hayriyecicekci@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gelisgen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tabak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdenen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9