title: Effect of Moringa oleifera on hematological parameters of calves reared in industrial fluorotic area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative potential of dried Moringa oleifera fruit powder in fluorosis affected calves reared around the vicinity of aluminium smelter plant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 107 calves were screened on the basis of clinical signs and higher plasma fluoride (more than 0.2 ppm) level for evidence of fluorosis. Out of that, 90 samples found positive and from them 18 calves of 6-12 months age group were selected and divided equally into three groups named as Group II, III, and IV. Group II remained as disease control group whereas Group III calves were supplemented with dried M. oleifera fruit powder of 25 g/calve for 60 days. Group IV calves were supplemented with calcium carbonate at 100 mg/kg body weight and boric acid at 10 mg/kg for the same experimental period. Group I consisted of six numbers of healthy calves taken from the non-fluorotic zone, i.e. Bhubaneswar. Plasma fluoride level, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential count (DC), total erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC) were estimated on day 0, 30, and 60 of the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation of dried M. oleifera fruit powder to fluorosis affected calves resulted in significant reduction in plasma fluoride level and increase in Hb%, PCV, TLC and altered DC. Similar results were also recorded in calcium+boron group, except PCV and Hb. No significant changes were observed in MCV, MCH, and MCHC values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study concluded that supplementation of dried M. oleifera fruit powder daily for 60 days has shown protection against chronic fluoride toxicity in calves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Kruti Debnath
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pati
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Pati
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Senapati
keywords: Moringa oleifera; aluminum smelter; boron; calcium; calves; fluorosis