title: A nanosensor for in vivo selenol imaging based on the formation of Au-Se bonds.
abstract: Selenol is a key metabolite of Na2SeO3 and plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. The real-time monitoring of selenol is of scientific interest for understanding the anti-cancer mechanism of Na2SeO3. Based on selenol's ability to specifically break AuS bonds and form more stable AuSe bonds on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), we developed a novel near-infrared fluorescent nanosensor (Cy5.5-peptide-AuNPs) for detecting selenol. The nanosensor exhibited rapid response to selenol with high selectivity and sensitivity, and it was successfully used to image changes in the selenol level in HepG2 cells during Na2SeO3-induced apoptosis. Moreover, in vivo fluorescence imaging of selenol was obtained from H22 tumor-bearing mice injected with both the nanosensor and sodium selenite. The results showed that the tumor cell apoptosis induced by Na2SeO3 is correlated with high-level of selenol under hypoxic conditions. We believe that this nanosensor could serve as a powerful tool for monitoring selenol and exploring the physiological function of selenol in a variety of physiological and pathological contexts and that the probe-designed strategy will provide a new platform for research on relevant selenium chemistry.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
authors.forename: Ranran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
authors.forename: Fanpeng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China. Electronic address: xukehua@sdnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kehua
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China. Electronic address: tangb@sdnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D018036:Selenium Compounds; C442270:selenol; D006046:Gold; D012643:Selenium
keywords: AuNPs; AuSe bond; Cancer cell apoptosis; Hypoxic conditions; Na(2)SeO(3); Selenol imaging