title: Expression analysis of ROS producing and scavenging enzyme-encoding genes in rubber tree infected by Pseudocercospora ulei.
abstract: South American Leaf Blight (SALB), caused by the ascomycete Pseudocercospora ulei, is responsible for the low productivity of rubber trees in Latin America and is a serious threat to rubber plantations in Asia and Africa, where the rubber trees are derived from highly susceptible clones. Three contrasted genotypes were chosen for their levels of resistance to the pathogen: FX2784 (totally resistant), MDF180 (partially resistant) and PB314 (susceptible). Array analyses were previously performed to identify genes differentially expressed in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Twenty-one genes were selected for further gene expression analysis in non-inoculated and inoculated genotypes from 24 to 216 h post infection (hpi). These genes are involved in ROS production (HbRBOHA, HbRBOHB, HbRBOHC, HbRBOHD), ROS-scavenging systems (cytoplasmic and chloroplastic HbCuZnSOD, HbMnSOD, HbCAT, HbAPX1, HbAPX2, HbMDHAR, HbGCL1, HbGCL2, HbOASTL, HbGPX, HbDHAR), and leaf senescence (HbCASP, HbPCYST, HbWRKY2, HbPLY, HbKAT2). First, a genotype-dependent level of expression was observed. The genes HbRBOHA, HbCuZnSOD cyto, HbCAT, HbGCL and HbWRKY2 were constitutively expressed at lower levels in the MDF180 genotype than in the FX2784 and PB314 genotypes. Conversely, the levels of expression of HbDHAR, HbGPX and HbPCYST were higher in the older, non-inoculated leaves of MDF180. Lower production of ROS and efficient regeneration of reduced ascorbate ensure a balanced redox intracellular state in this genotype. Second, inoculation of the leaves induced few modifications in the expression level of the studied genes. In the MDF180 partially resistant genotype, an increase in the expression level of HbRBOHB, HbRBOHD 48 hpi and a decrease in the expression level of HbDHAR 216 hpi were observed. In the FX2784 totally resistant genotype, an increase in the expression level of HbRBOHD and HbCuZnSOD cyto and a decrease in HbCAT were observed 48 hpi. This transitory variation could be associated with the oxidative burst classically observed in hypersensitive response (HR). The increase in the synthesis of reduced glutathione in this genotype could ensure redox balance and consequently cell homeostasis. In the PB314 susceptible genotype, HbROHC, HbCuZnSOD chloro was up-regulated 216 hpi concomitantly with a decrease in the expression level of HbCAT, consequently causing an accumulation of H2O2 and programmed cell death. The level of expression of a transcription factor, HbWRKY2, was also modulated by the P. ulei infection with early transient up-regulation in the FX2784 totally resistant genotype and permanent up-regulation in the MDF180 partially resistant genotype. These results complement studies on genetic determinism of SALB resistance and a recent publication on Hevea glutathione reductase gene.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Martins
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Koop
authors.affiliation: Dept. BIOS/UMR-AGAP, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Maryannick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rio
authors.affiliation: Dept. BIOS/UMR-AGAP, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sabau
authors.affiliation: Plantações Michelin da Bahia, Rodovia Ituberá - Camamu, Km 5, 45435-000 Ituberá, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saulo Emilio
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Almeida Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Centre de Ressources en Imagerie Cellulaire (CRIC), IURC, 641 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34093 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cazevieille
authors.affiliation: Dept. BIOS/UMR-AGAP, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.affiliation: Dept. BIOS/UMR-AGAP, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: dominique.garcia@cirad.fr.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020043:Genes, Essential; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D028482:Hevea / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012015:Reference Standards; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Hevea; Microcyclus ulei; Oxidative burst; Resistance; SALB