title: Collaborative activities and treatment outcomes in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in Viet Nam.
abstract: METHODS
  The National Tuberculosis (TB) Programme in Viet Nam and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine 1) at national level between 2011 and 2013, the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, uptake of TB-HIV interventions and adverse treatment outcomes among TB-HIV patients; and 2) in HCMC in 2013, patient characteristics associated with adverse outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ecological study reviewing aggregate nationwide data and a retrospective cohort review in HCMC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nationwide, from 2011 to 2013, HIV testing increased in TB patients from 58% to 68% and antiretroviral therapy (ART) increased in TB-HIV patients from 54% to 63%. Adverse treatment outcomes in TB-HIV patients increased from 24% to 27%, largely due to transfer out (5-9% increase) and death. The Northern and Highland regions showed poor uptake of TB-HIV interventions. In HCMC, 303 (27%) of 1110 TB-HIV patients had adverse outcomes, with higher risks observed in those with previously treated TB, those diagnosed as HIV-positive before TB onset and those never placed on cotrimoxazole or ART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite improving HIV testing rates and TB-HIV interventions, adverse outcomes in TB-HIV patients remain at about 26%. Characteristics predicting higher risk of adverse outcomes must be addressed if Viet Nam wishes to end the TB epidemic by 2030.
authors.affiliation: Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Control Programme/National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: T T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Huyen
authors.affiliation: Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Control Programme/National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Nhung
authors.affiliation: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Shewade
authors.affiliation: Viet Nam National Tuberculosis Control Programme/National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam ; The Union, Paris, France.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Hoa
authors.affiliation: The Union, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harries
keywords: SORT IT; adverse treatment outcomes; antiretroviral therapy; cotrimoxazole preventive therapy; operational research