title: [The rate of hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients (comparison between the data from the Burdenko Neurosurgical Instutite and the literature) and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment].
abstract: Hyponatremia is a relatively frequent and serious complication in patients with various neurosurgical pathologies.
  
  
  
  This study is aimed at assessing the incidence of hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients depending on the pathology.
  
  
  
  This paper presents a retrospective analysis 39 479 cases of patients operated on at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute from 2008 to 2014.
  
  
  
  A total of 785 hyponatremic patients with Na level lower than 130 mmol/l (2% of all operated patients) were identified. Mortality in patients with hyponatremia was 14.3%, which is tenfold higher compared to the rest of population of patients without hyponatremia who were operated on during the same period. In adults, hyponatremia most frequently occurred after resection of craniopharyngiomas (11%) and as a result of acute cerebrovascular accident (22%). In children, it occurred after resection of craniopharyngiomas (10%), astrocytomas (7%), ependymomas (24%), and germ cell tumors (10.5%).
  
  
  
  This study, which was mainly statistical one, was not aimed at detailed investigation of hyponatremia in different groups of neurosurgical patients. We only tried to draw the attention of various experts to those categories of patients, where focused and in-depth developments are more than important. Obviously, already gained international experience should be taken into account for this
  
  
  
  Therefore, this article presents the literature data on the etiology and pathogenesis of hyponatremia. We describe the details of the various classifications of hyponatremia, its clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments, primarily based on the recommendations of the last European consensus of various specialists (2014).
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Astaf'eva
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kutin
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mazerkina
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Nepomnyashchiy
authors.affiliation: State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Popugaev
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kadashev
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Yu G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Sidneva
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Yu V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Strunina
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Klochkova
authors.affiliation: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tserkovnaya
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kalinin
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Aref'eva
authors.affiliation: Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Mochenova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy