title: Photocatalytic processes assisted by artificial solar light for soil washing effluent treatment.
abstract: Contaminated soil has become a growing issue in recent years. The most common technique used to remove contaminants (such as metals) from the soil is the soil washing process. However, this process produces a final effluent containing chelating agents (i.e., ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, also known as EDDS) and extracted metals (i.e., Cu, Fe, and Zn) at concentrations higher than discharge limits allowed by the Italian and Brazilian environmental law. Therefore, it is necessary to develop further treatments before its proper disposal or reuse. In the present study, soil washing tests were carried out through two sequential paths. Moreover, different artificial sunlight-driven photocatalytic treatments were used to remove Cu, Zn, Fe, and EDDS from soil washing effluents. Metal concentrations after the additional treatment were within the Brazilian and Italian regulatory limits for discharging in public sewers. The combined TiO2-photocatalytic processes applied were enough to decontaminate the effluents, allowing their reuse in soil washing treatment. Ecotoxicological assessment using different living organisms was carried out to assess the impact of the proposed two-step photocatalytic process on the effluent ecotoxicity. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE-Chemical Engineering Program, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Bloco G, sala 115, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. suellen@peq.coppe.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Suéllen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satyro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile ed Ambientale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Race
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.|Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 16, 80136, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE-Chemical Engineering Program, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Bloco G, sala 115, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dezotti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clarizia
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D005029:Ethylenediamines; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013386:Succinates; C041447:N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid
keywords: Metal removal; Sacrificial photocatalysis; Soil remediation; Soil washing effluent; “Land of Fires”