title: Pax5 Re-expression in H460 Cells Treated with the Combination of Demethylating Agent and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor is Associated with the Enhancement of P53 Binding to Pax5 Promoter Region.
abstract: The epigenetic combinations of DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have demonstrated clinical benefits for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, however, there are few studies uncovering the underlying molecular mechanism of the combinations. Our previous study showed that DNA demethylating agent Azacitidine (Aza) demethylated CpG sites in paired box gene 5 (pax5) promoter region, but did not induce pax5 mRNA or protein expression.
  
  
  
  In this study we used epigenetic combination of Aza and HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) to treat NSCLC cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. We treated pax5- silenced NSCLC H460 cells with Aza+SAHA combination at sub-toxic concentration and detected the re-expression of pax5 mNRA and protein.
  
  
  
  The results showed demethylation of CpG sites in pax5 promoter region by Aza treatment and increased DNA accessibility for protein binding by SAHA treatment. The combination of Aza+SAHA significantly increased p53 protein binding to DNA in pax5 promoter region (p<0.01). More efficient binding of the transcription factor p53 to pax5 promoter region is likely because SAHA increased accessibility of the chromatin conformation and Aza-demethylated DNA was more permissive, allowing transcription factors to bind.
  
  
  
  Our study not only explained an underlying mechanism, that pax5 re-expression was induced by Aza+SAHA combination in H460 cells via p53, but also demonstrated a pattern showing that the combination of demethylating agent and HDAC inhibitor can re-activate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) which is associated with the enhancement of transcription factors binding to the promoter region of the TSG.
authors.forename: Yuanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jinwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jelicks
authors.forename: Shengwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jingsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez-Soler
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Chanin Building, Room 626, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Yiyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077337:Vorinostat
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor; C497281:PAX5 protein, human; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000077337:Vorinostat; D001374:Azacitidine
keywords: Epigenetics; HDAC; methylation; non-small cell lung cancer; p53; pax5