title: Human Trafficking in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review to Identify Gaps in Service Delivery, Research, and Policy.
abstract: The purpose of this review is to integrate evidence on human trafficking in Ethiopia and identify gaps and recommendations for service delivery, research and training, and policy. A scoping literature review approach was used to systematically search nursing, medical, psychological, law, and international databases and synthesize information on a complex, understudied topic. The search yielded 826 articles, and 39 met the predetermined criteria for inclusion in the review. Trafficking in Ethiopia has occurred internally and externally in the form of adult and child labor and sex trafficking. There were also some reports of organ trafficking and other closely related human rights violations, such as child marriage, child soldiering, and exploitative intercountry adoption. Risk factors for trafficking included push factors (poverty, political instability, economic problems, and gender discrimination) and pull factors (demand for cheap labor). Trafficking was associated with poor health and economic outcomes for victims. Key recommendations for service delivery, research and training, and policy are identified, including establishing comprehensive services for survivor rehabilitation and reintegration, conducting quantitative health outcomes research, and reforming policy around migration and trafficking. Implementing the recommendations identified by this review will allow policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to take meaningful steps toward confronting human trafficking in Ethiopia.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Dana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Munro-Kramer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jody R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D064410:Human Trafficking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064877:Organ Trafficking; D011203:Poverty; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000517:prevention & control; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cultural contexts; mental health and violence; sexual assault; violence exposure