title: Head and neck cancer in South Asia: Macroeconomic consequences and the role of the head and neck surgeon.
abstract: Head and neck cancer constitutes a substantial portion of the burden of disease in South Asia, and there is an undersupply of surgical capacity in this region. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic welfare losses due to head and neck cancer in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh in 2010.
  
  
  
  We used publicly available estimates of head and neck cancer morbidity and mortality along with a concept termed the value of a statistical life to estimate economic welfare losses in the aforementioned countries in 2010.
  
  
  
  Economic losses because of head and neck cancer in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh totaled $16.9 billion (2010 US dollars [USD]), equivalent to 0.26% of the region's economic output. Bangladesh, the poorest country, experienced the greatest proportional losses.
  
  
  
  The economic consequences of head and neck cancer in South Asia are significant, and building surgical capacity is essential to begin to address this burden. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1242-1247, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Office of Global Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.|Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Blake C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Alkire
authors.affiliation: Office of Global Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Regan W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bergmark
authors.affiliation: Office of Global Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Derrick T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Deschler
authors.affiliation: Office of Global Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.|Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Mack L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cheney
authors.affiliation: Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Meara
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D066231:Surgeons / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution*
keywords: South Asia; economic analysis; economic burden; global surgery; head and neck cancer