title: Ethnic Variations in Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence and the roles of Insulin Resistance and β-cell Function: The CARRS and NHANES Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unclear how the prevalence of diabetes in Asian Indians in urban India compares to that of race/ethnic groups in the US that may have different underlying susceptibilities. Therefore we examined ethnic variations in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, iIFG, iIGT, IFG+IGT, and the associated risk factors in Asian Indians in Chennai, India, and Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses, using representative samples of 4,867 Asian Indians aged 20-74 years from Chennai, India in the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction inSouth-Asia study (CARRS) (2010-2011) and 6,512 US Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics aged 20-74 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2012).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-adjusted prevalence of type 2 diabetes was highest in Asian Indians (men; 29.0, 95% CI: 25.9, 31.0), women; (30.6, 95% CI, 27.5, 33.9)) and lowest in Caucasians (men; 12.2, 95% CI, 10.3, 14.4), women; 9.5 (7.9, 11.5). Asian Indians had the lowest prediabetes prevalence (men; 19.0 (17.2, 20.8); women 27.2, 95% CI, 22.8, 32.1)) and Caucasians had the highest (men; 46.5 (43.5, 49.6), women; 34.4, 95% CI, 31.7, 37.3). However, there were differences in prediabetes prevalence by gender and prediabetes state. The inclusion of HOMA-β in standardized polytomous logistic regression models resulted in a greater odds of diabetes in Blacks and Hispanics compared to Asian Indians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of diabetes in Asian Indians may be due to innate susceptibilities for β-cell dysfunction in this high risk population.
authors.affiliation: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Gujral
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradeepa
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deepa
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.affiliation: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.affiliation: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kmv
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narayan
keywords: Asian Indian; Ethnicity; Type 2 Diabetes