title: [Methodology for Identification of Inverse Drug Distribution, Spain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The phenomenon of reverse drug trafficking in the legal supply chain is an unlawful practice to serious risks to public health. The aims was to identify proactively pharmacies that carry out these illegal activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis was performed through the crossing billing data to SAS of 52 million packs of medicines for the 496 pharmacies in the province over a period of 29 months with the drug packaging data supplied by the distribution entities of the province with the implementation of specific indicator defined called 'percentage overbought' allows us to detect those pharmacies at high risk of being involved in this illicit trade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was tested in two pharmacies one rural and other urban a detour of 5.130 medicine containers and an illicit profit obtained from € 9,591.78 for the first and 9.982 packaging and € 26,885.11 for the second; they had gone unnoticed in previous inspections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodology implemented to define a profile of infringing pharmacies high risk in these illicit practices, identify new ones that had not been sanctioned, weigh the drugs for illegal trade and to identify new drugs subject to diversion; also added as a challenge, it helps to adjust accurately and effectively calculate the illicit profit obtained.
authors.affiliation: Inspección Provincial de Servicios Sanitarios Delegación Territorial en Cádiz Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía. marantzazu.lopez@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: M Arantzazu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: López Pérez
authors.affiliation: Inspección Provincial de Servicios Sanitarios Delegación Territorial en Cádiz Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz Arias
authors.affiliation: Vicegerencia. Servicio Gallego de Salud. Xunta de Galicia. Santiago de Compostela. España.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vázquez Mourelle
mesh_terms: D064423:Drug Trafficking / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005607:Fraud / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D008297:Male; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Commerce; Counterfeit Drugs; Drug Trafficking; Legislation, Pharmacy; Pharmacies; Spain; Supply and Distribution