title: New and emerging targeted therapies for cystic fibrosis.
abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder that affects about 70,000 people worldwide. The clinical manifestations of the disease are caused by defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989 has led to a sophisticated understanding of how thousands of mutations in the CFTR gene affect the structure and function of the CFTR protein. Much progress has been made over the past decade with the development of orally bioavailable small molecule drugs that target defective CFTR proteins caused by specific mutations. Furthermore, there is considerable optimism about the prospect of gene replacement or editing therapies to correct all mutations in cystic fibrosis. The recent approvals of ivacaftor and lumacaftor represent the genesis of a new era of precision medicine in the treatment of this condition. These drugs are having a positive impact on the lives of people with cystic fibrosis and are potentially disease modifying. This review provides an update on advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the CFTR, with a focus on state of the art targeted drugs that are in development.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Heart Lung Innovation and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6Z 1Y6 bradley.quon@hli.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Quon
authors.affiliation: Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000627:Aminophenols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D005544:Forecasting; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000627:Aminophenols; D000631:Aminopyridines; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D015363:Quinolones; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; C545203:ivacaftor; C569105:lumacaftor; C515878:ataluren