title: DNA Protection against Oxidative Damage Using the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Garcinia mangostana and Alpha-Mangostin.
abstract: Garcinia mangostana, popularly known as "mangosteen fruit," originates from Southeast Asia and came to Brazil about 80 years ago where it mainly grows in the states of Pará and Bahia. Although mangosteen or its extracts have been used for ages in Asian folk medicine, data on its potential genotoxicity is missing. We, therefore, evaluated genotoxicity/mutagenicity of hydroethanolic mangosteen extract [HEGM, 10 to 640 μg/mL] in established test assays (Comet assay, micronucleus test, and Salmonella/microsome test). In the Comet assay, HEGM-exposed human leukocytes showed no DNA damage. No significant HEGM-induced mutation in TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (with or without metabolic activation) was observed and HEGM-exposed human lymphocytes had no increase of micronuclei. However, HEGM suggested exposure concentration-dependent antigenotoxic potential in leukocytes and antioxidant potential in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. HEGM preloading effectively protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage in leukocytes (Comet assay). Preloading of yeast with HEGM for up to 4 h significantly protected the cells from lethality of chronic H2O2-exposure, as expressed in better survival. Absence of genotoxicity and demonstration of an antigenotoxic and antioxidant potential suggest that HEGM or some substances contained in it may hold promise for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical application.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carvalho-Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alanna Cibelle Fernandes
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rúbens Prince
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Alves
authors.affiliation: Genotox-Royal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500/Setor 4-Pred 43.421/S113, 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Temenouga N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Guecheva
authors.affiliation: Genotox-Royal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500/Setor 4-Pred 43.421/S113, 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: João A P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brendel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0272-6556
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pungartnik
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, n° 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrício
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rios-Santos