title: One-stage reconstruction of isolated and combined tendon defects with the vascularized adductor magnus tendon graft: Surgical technique and preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Secondary reconstructions of isolated and combined tendon defects are still a challenge for plastic surgeons. Due to its reliable anatomy, reconstructive potential and low donor-site morbidity, the medial femoral condyle is an ideal area for harvesting isolated and combined tendon flaps. This study evaluates our preliminary results with the vascularized adductor magnus tendon flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included six patients who received a vascularized tendon flap (upper extremity: three patients; lower extremity: three patients) from 2011 to 2015. For three patients, the adductor magnus tendon was used as a single flap; for the other three patients, the tendon was included in a composite flap. A retrospective chart review provided the patients' demographic data, surgical details and the post-operative course. The further objective and patient-reported outcome was evaluated with a long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the free vascularized flaps healed without complications and with good vascularization upon duplex ultrasonography. One patient did, however, require revision surgery in the late post-operative course. At the end point, all patients showed good functional results without any donor-site morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For carefully selected isolated and combined tendon defects on the upper and lower extremities, the vascularized adductor magnus tendon flap provides a reliable and versatile method for microsurgical reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria. Electronic address: maxneu@gmx.at.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuwirth
authors.affiliation: Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bürger
authors.affiliation: Department for Traumatology, Deutsch Ordens Spital Friesach, Friesach, Austria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Palle
authors.affiliation: Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rab
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001317:Austria; D005260:Female; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000379:methods; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Adductor magnus; Medial femoral condyle; Medial femoral condyle flap; Tendon graft; Vascularized tendon graft