title: Changes in uterine flexion caused by cesarean section: correlation between post-flexion and deficient cesarean section scars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in uterine flexion after cesarean delivery in comparison with vaginal delivery, and their relationship with the presence of deficient cesarean section scars.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 147 women who had a vaginal delivery and 101 women who had a cesarean delivery, transvaginal ultrasonographic photographs of the uterus were obtained at the first trimester of pregnancy and at 1 month postpartum, and they were reviewed to determine changes in uterine flexion. The presence of a deficient cesarean section scar was also reviewed in women with a cesarean section.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in uterine flexion were observed more frequently among the woman with a cesarean delivery than in those with a vaginal delivery. The incidence of post-flexed uterus during puerperium tended to increase depending on the number of cesarean sections the woman had undergone. In the women with a cesarean section, changes in uterine flexion were more frequently observed in the women with a deficient cesarean section scar than in those without one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in uterine flexion after birth occurred more frequently in the women who had a cesarean delivery than in those who had a vaginal delivery, especially in the presence of a deficient cesarean section scar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan. yonchi@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ayabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049590:Postpartum Period; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Cesarean section; Deficient scar; Niche; Post-flexion; Uterine flexion