title: Cost and Budget Impact Analysis of an Accurate Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer (BC) has limitations in establishing a definitive diagnosis of metastasis intraoperatively, leading to an unnecessary second operation. The one-step nucleic amplification assay (OSNA) provides accurate intraoperative diagnosis and avoids further testing. Only five articles have researched the cost and cost effectiveness of this diagnostic tool, although many hospitals have adopted it, and economic evaluation is needed for budget holders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to measure the budget impact in Japanese BC patients after the introduction of OSNA, and assess the certainty of the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Budget impact analysis of OSNA on Japanese healthcare expenditure from 2015 to 2020. Local governments, society-managed health insurers, and Japan health insurance associations were the budget holders. In order to assess the cost gap between the gold standard (GS) and OSNA in intraoperative SLNB, a two-scenario comparative model that was structured using the clinical pathway of a BC patient group who received SLNB was applied. Clinical practice guidelines for BC were cited for cost estimation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total estimated cost of all BC patients diagnosed by GS was US$1,023,313,850. The budget impact of OSNA in total health expenditure was -US$24,413,153 (-US$346 per patient). Two-way sensitivity analysis between survival rate (SR) of the GS and OSNA was performed by illustrating a cost-saving threshold: y ≅ 1.14x - 0.16 in positive patients, and y ≅ 0.96x + 0.029 in negative patients (x = SR-GS, y = SR-OSNA). Base inputs of the variables in these formulas demonstrated a cost saving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSNA reduces healthcare costs, as confirmed by sensitivity analysis.
authors.affiliation: Barcelona School of Management, Pompeu Fabra University, C. Ramón Trias Fargas 25-27, Edificio Jaume I, Barcelona, 08005, Spain. yuko.saruta@alum.upf.edu.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-3105
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saruta
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics and Business, Research Centre for Health and Economics (CRES), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puig-Junoy
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000473:pathology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007564:Japan; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods