title: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and clinical features in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation carriers.
abstract: Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common cause of inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonmanifesting carriers of LRRK2 mutations are at high risk for developing PD. Information available on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in LRRK2 carriers remains preliminary.
  
  
  
  To measure CSF levels of α-synuclein, β amyloid1-42 , total-tau, and phospho-tau181 , in LRRK2-associated PD, idiopathic PD, nonmanifesting carriers, and first-degree relatives of LRRK2-associated PD patients without the mutation (nonmanifesting noncarriers). To correlate the clinical features and the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway assessed by neuroimaging with the CSF biomarkers.
  
  
  
  138 CSF samples provided by the Michael J. Fox Foundation LRRK2 Cohort Consortium were analyzed: 28 LRRK2-associated PD, 35 idiopathic PD, 41 nonmanifesting carriers, and 34 nonmanifesting noncarriers. All of the participants in the study were clinically assessed. Most of the participants underwent a dopamine transporter scan to assess the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway.
  
  
  
  CSF levels of α-synuclein were similar in LRRK2-associated PD, nonmanifesting carriers, and nonmanifesting noncarriers but significantly higher than in idiopathic PD (P = .041). No differences were found in the concentrations of β amyloid1-42 , total-tau, or phospho-tau181 among study groups. CSF alpha-synuclein levels strongly correlated with total-tau and phospo-tau181 levels in all groups. No significant correlation was found between the CSF biomarkers and the striatal binding ratios for (123)I-FP-CIT in nonmanifesting carriers.
  
  
  
  The CSF protein profile differs in LRRK2-associated PD and idiopathic PD, suggesting that pathophysiological mechanisms different from IPD underlie LRRK2-associated PD. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers did not prove helpful in differentiating asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers from noncarriers. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vilas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: BioLegend Inc, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aasly
authors.affiliation: Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marras
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Claustre
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pont-Sunyer
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Data Management Core Facility, IDIBAPS (Hospital Clinic), Barcelona, Spain.|Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.|Centro en Red para la Investigación de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CIBERNED, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins; C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2
keywords: CSF; LRRK2; Parkinson; alpha-synuclein; biomarker