title: Analgesia for Medically Induced Second Trimester Termination of Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy between intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA) and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in women undergoing medically induced second trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized trial in a Canadian quaternary care hospital. We included in the study women of gestational age 12 weeks to 23+6 weeks who were undergoing second trimester induction of labour between June 2012 and January 2014. Participants were computer-randomized to receive either IVPCA with fentanyl or PCEA with bupivacaine and fentanyl, with the option to cross over between treatment groups. We administered Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) questionnaires pre-procedure, at the time of discharge, and 24 hours after discharge. Pain scores, satisfaction scores, and obstetrical complications also were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-eight women were approached for participation in the study; 80 declined and 16 were ineligible, leaving 42 participants. Three women subsequently withdrew consent, and two were not included in the results because of protocol violations. A total of 37 women completed the study. Twenty (54%) were allocated to the IVPCA group and 17 (46%) to the PCEA group. Although the QoR-40 values at the time of discharge and at 24 hours after discharge were significantly higher in the PCEA group, they also were significantly higher before the procedure in that group. The within-group differences in QoR-40 (between QoR-40 at discharge and QoR pre-procedure, and between QoR-40 at 24 hours after discharge and QoR pre-procedure), maximum pain scores, satisfaction, and obstetrical complication rates did not differ significantly between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVPCA and PCEA provide similar quality of recovery, quality of analgesia, and satisfaction for women undergoing second trimester TOP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Rebecca-Lea
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teresi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Jose C A
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: Analgesia; epidural analgesia; intravenous analgesia; obstetrics; termination of pregnancy