title: Protective Role of Ramipril and Candesartan against Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Biochemical and Transmission Electron Microscopical Study.
abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the role of combined administration of Ramipril and Candesartan against in vitro myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in rat. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups (n = 6) and treated with saline (10 mL/kg), Ramipril (2 mg/kg), Candesartan (1 mg/kg), and the combination of both drugs, respectively 24 h before induction of global ischemia (5 min of stabilization, 9 min of global ischemia, and 12 min of reflow). Combination of Ramipril and Candesartan when compared to the monotherapy significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase, and nitric oxide and decreased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. In addition, the superior protective role of combination of Ramipril and Candesartan on ischemia induced myocardial damage was further confirmed by well preserved myocardial tissue architecture in light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis studies. The combination was proved to be effective in salvaging the myocardial tissue against ischemic reperfusion injury when compared to the monotherapy of individual drugs and further investigations on protective mechanism of drugs by increasing the nitric oxide level at molecular levels are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet 516126, India.
authors.forename: Mohamed Saleem Thattakudian
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4890-8651
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sheik Uduman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet 516126, India.
authors.forename: Rajitha Bodd
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet 516126, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Punuru
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet 516126, India.
authors.forename: Gopinath
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chakka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gauthaman
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karunakaran