title: PSEUDARTHROSIS OF THE SCAPHOID IN IMMATURE SKELETONS.
abstract: This paper presents a review of the literature on pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid in skeletally immature individuals, taking into consideration its epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment, as well as its controversies. Knowledge of this subject makes it possible for patients to be given appropriate treatment immediately. Pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid in skeletally immature patients is a rare condition that results from error or lack of diagnosis of a fracture. Thus, careful clinical and radiographic examination should be performed in order to confirm or rule out this diagnosis. Several treatment methods have been reported and have shown good results. These include conservative plaster cast treatment, bone graft without osteosynthesis, bone graft with Kirschner wires, percutaneous screws and bone graft with compression screws. The treatment performed depends on the characteristics of the pseudarthrosis and the surgeon's experience.
authors.affiliation: Instructor Physician for Medical Residence and the Hand Surgery Service, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Barreto
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: de Lemos
authors.affiliation: Fellow in Hand Surgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ádria Simone Ferreira
authors.initials: ÁS
authors.lastname: Bentes
authors.affiliation: Resident Physician at the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel Flores do Amaral
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Orthopedist and Traumatologist at the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Passo Fundo, RS, and the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro de Freitas
authors.initials: Lde F
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.affiliation: Instructor Physician for Medical Residence and the Hand Surgery Service, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Lourenço
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Severo
authors.affiliation: Head of the Medical Residence Service and the Hand Surgery Service, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Osvandré
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lech
keywords: Pseudarthrosis; Scaphoid Bone; Wounds and Injuries; Wrist