title: Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin.
abstract: Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. The redox mediators increased the polymerization yield without a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy. The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Grijalva-Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Evans-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Electronic address: terecat@polimeros.uson.mx.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: del Castillo-Castro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Castillo-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, 380-8553, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruz-Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento Ingeniería Textil y Papelera, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Plaza Ferrandiz y Carbonell, 1, E-03801 Alcoy, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.affiliation: Departamento Química Física e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morallón
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000737:chemistry; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000201:enzymology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; D014527:Uric Acid; C069665:syringaldehyde; C067635:polypyrrole; C051667:acetosyringone; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; C100058:vanillin; D010544:Peroxidases
keywords: Biocatalytic polymerization; Natural redox mediators; Polypyrrole; Uric acid sensor