title: Mix design and pollution control potential of pervious concrete with non-compliant waste fly ash.
abstract: Pervious concrete mix was optimized for the maximum compressive strength and the desired permeability at 7 mm/s with varying percentages of water-to-binder (W/B), fly ash-to-binder (FA/B), nano-iron oxide-to-binder (NI/B) and water reducer-to-binder (WR/B). The mass ratio of coarse aggregates in sizes of 4.75-9.5 mm to the binder was fixed at 4:1. Waste FA used in the study was not compliant with a standard specification for use as a mineral admixture in concrete. One optimum pervious concrete (Opt A) targeting high volume FA utilization had a 28-day compressive strength of 22.8 MPa and a permeability of 5.6 mm/s with a mix design at 36% W/B, 35% FA/B, 6% NI/B and 1.2% WR/B. The other (Opt B) targeting a less use of admixtures had a 28-day compressive strength and a permeability of 21.4 MPa and 7.6 mm/s, respectively, at 32% W/B, 10% FA/B, 0.5% NI/B and 0.8% WR/B. During 10 loads at a 2-h contact time each, the Opt A and Opt B achieved the average fecal coliform removals of 72.4% and 77.9% and phosphorus removals of 49.8% and 40.5%, respectively. Therefore, non-compliant waste FA could be utilized for a cleaner production of pervious concrete possessing a greater structural strength and compatible hydrological property and pollution control potential, compared to the ordinary pervious concrete.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA.
authors.forename: Linoshka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soto-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA. Electronic address: sangchul.hwang@upr.edu.
authors.forename: Sangchul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018505:Waste Management; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: Compressive strength; Fecal coliforms; Optimization; Permeability; Pervious concrete; Phosphorus