title: Rapid degradation of phenol by ultrasound-dispersed nano-metallic particles (NMPs) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide: A possible mechanism for phenol degradation in water.
abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the degradation of phenol by ultrasonically dispersed nano-metallic particles (NMPs) in an aqueous solution of phenol. Leaching liquor from automobile shredder residue (ASR) was used to obtain the NMPs. The prepared NMPs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM images show that the diameters of the NMPs were less than 50 nm. An SEM-EDX elemental analysis reveals that Fe was the most commonly found element (weight %) in the NMPs. The FTIR and XRD peaks indicate the presence of metals oxides on the surfaces of the NMPs. The results of the XPS analysis indicate that various elements (e.g., C, O, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) are present on the surfaces of the NMPs. The effects of the NMP dose, the initial solution pH, and of different concentrations of phenol and H2O2 on the phenol degradation characteristics were evaluated. The results of this study demonstrate that phenol degradation can be improved by increasing the amount of NMPs, whereas it is reduced with an increase in the phenol concentration. The degradation of phenol by ultrasonically dispersed NMPs followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The probable mechanism of phenol degradation by ultrasonically dispersed NMPs was the oxidation of phenol caused by the hydroxyl radicals produced during the reaction between H2O2 and the NMPs during the ultrasonication process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jiwansingh95@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of General Education, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yychang@kw.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yoon-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D019800:Phenol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Degradation; Kinetic study; Mechanism; NMPs; Phenol; Ultrasound