title: Transthoracic Echocardiography-Guided Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion: A New Strategy for Interventional Treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion has become the preferred therapeutic option, which uses fluoroscopy as the guidance. To reduce the x-ray exposure, PDA occlusion using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADO II) under guidance of transthoracic echocardiography only was conducted. This single center study aims to access the safety and efficiency of this new strategy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From June 2013 to May 2015, 63 consecutive PDA patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography-guided PDA occlusion through the femoral artery. Outpatient follow-up was conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months, and yearly. Sixty-two patients successfully underwent echocardiography-guided percutaneous PDA occlusion. One patient was converted to minimally invasive transthoracic occlusion due to failure of delivery sheath passage through tortuous PDA. Mean procedure duration was 24.3 ± 7.0 minutes; ADO II diameter averaged 4.6 ± 0.9 mm; 8 cases showed traces of residual shunt immediately after operation which resolved after 24 hours; and mean hospital stay was 3.4 ± 0.5 days. There was no occluder migration, hemolysis, pericardial effusion, pulmonary branch or aortic stenosis at mean 13.5 ± 4.8 months follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that percutaneous PDA occlusion can be successfully performed under guidance of transthoracic echocardiography only and appears safe and effective while avoiding radiation and contrast agent use.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shou-Zheng
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Wen
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Jing
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Shou
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: percutaneous intervention; transcatheter closure; transthoracic echocardiography