title: Determination of neonicotinoids in Estonian honey by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry.
abstract: The aim of the study was to provide a comprehensive overview of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in honey samples for a single country and compare the results with the import data for neonicotinoid pesticides. The levels of four neonicotinoid pesticides, namely thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid, were determined in 294 honey samples harvested from 2005 to 2013 from more than 200 locations in Estonia. For the analyzed honey samples, 27% contained thiacloprid, and its levels in all cases were below the maximum residue level set by the European Union. The other neonicotinoids were not detected. The proportion of thiacloprid-positive samples for different years correlates well with the data on thiacloprid imports into Estonia, indicating that honey contamination with neonicotinoids can be estimated based on the import data.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laaniste
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leito
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.
authors.forename: Riin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rebane
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Physics, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.
authors.forename: Rünno
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lõhmus
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Physics, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.
authors.forename: Ants
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lõhmus
authors.affiliation: c Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre , Tartu , Estonia.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Punga
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruve
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004957:Estonia; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010078:Oxazines / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013843:Thiazines / Q000032:analysis; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011725:Pyridines; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C082359:imidacloprid; C464485:acetamiprid; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; C417209:thiacloprid
keywords: LC/ESI/MS; Neonicotinoids; honey; novel nebulizer