title: Chromosome aberrations determined by sFISH and G-banding in lymphocytes from workers with internal deposits of plutonium.
abstract: To examine the influence of α-particle radiation exposure from internally deposited plutonium on chromosome aberration frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers from the Sellafield nuclear facility, UK.
  
  
  
  Chromosome aberration data from historical single colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (sFISH) and Giemsa banding (G-banding) analyses, together with more recent sFISH results, were assessed using common aberration analysis criteria and revised radiation dosimetry. The combined sFISH group comprised 29 men with a mean internal red bone marrow dose of 21.0 mGy and a mean external γ-ray dose of 541 mGy. The G-banding group comprised 23 men with a mean internal red bone marrow dose of 23.0 mGy and a mean external γ-ray dose of 315 mGy.
  
  
  
  Observed translocation frequencies corresponded to expectations based on age and external γ-ray dose with no need to postulate a contribution from α-particle irradiation of the red bone marrow by internally deposited plutonium. Frequencies of stable cells with complex aberrations, including insertions, were similar to those in a group of controls and a group of workers with external radiation exposure only, who were studied concurrently. In a similar comparison there is some suggestion of an increase in cells with unstable complex aberrations and this may reflect recent direct exposure to circulating lymphocytes.
  
  
  
  Reference to in vitro dose response data for the induction of stable aberrant cells by α-particle irradiation indicates that the low red bone marrow α-particle radiation doses received by the Sellafield workers would not result in a discernible increase in translocations, thus supporting the in vivo findings. Therefore, the greater risk from occupational radiation exposure of the bone marrow resulting in viable chromosomally aberrant cells comes from, in general, much larger γ-ray exposure in comparison to α-particle exposure from plutonium.
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR) , Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK ;|b Formerly of Westlakes Research Institute*, Westlakes Science and Technology Park , Moor Row , Cumbria , UK ;
authors.forename: E Janet
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Tawn
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR) , Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK ;|b Formerly of Westlakes Research Institute*, Westlakes Science and Technology Park , Moor Row , Cumbria , UK ;
authors.forename: Gillian B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Curwen
authors.affiliation: c Formerly of Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK ;
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: b Formerly of Westlakes Research Institute*, Westlakes Science and Technology Park , Moor Row , Cumbria , UK ;|d Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Westlakes Science and Technology Park , Moor Row , Cumbria , UK.
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.affiliation: b Formerly of Westlakes Research Institute*, Westlakes Science and Technology Park , Moor Row , Cumbria , UK ;
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hodgson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000512:Alpha Particles / Q000009:adverse effects; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002871:Chromosome Banding / Q000379:methods*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009688:Nuclear Reactors; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011005:Plutonium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014480:United Nations
chemical_list: D011005:Plutonium
keywords: Chromosome aberrations; plutonium workers; α-particle radiation