title: Evaluation of groundwater pollution in a mining area using analytical solution: a case study of the Yimin open-pit mine in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study focused on using analytical and numerical models to develop and manage groundwater resources, and predict the effects of management measurements in the groundwater system. Movement of contaminants can be studied based on groundwater flow characteristics. This study can be used for prediction of ion concentration and evaluation of groundwater pollution as the theoretical basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Yimin open-pit mine is located in the northern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. High concentrations of iron and manganese are observed in Yimin open-pit mine because of exploitation and pumping that have increased the concentration of the ions in groundwater. In this study, iron was considered as an index of contamination, and the solute model was calibrated using concentration observations from 14 wells in 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groundwater flow model and analytical solutions were used in this study to forecast pollution concentration and variation trend after calibration. With continuous pumping, contaminants will migrate, and become enriched, towards the wellhead in the flow direction. The concentration of the contaminants and the range of pollution increase with the flow rate increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The suitable flow rate of single well should be <380 m/day at Yimin open-pit for the standard value of pollution concentration.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tianxin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Linglong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Research Institute of Environmental Science, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Shuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: Analytical solution; Contaminant migration; Flow rate; Groundwater model; Open-pit mine