title: Mechanisms Behind the Resistance to Trastuzumab in HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer and Strategies to Overcome It.
abstract: The introduction of trastuzumab therapy markedly improved the poor prognosis associated with HER2-amplified breast cancers. Despite this, the presence of primary and acquired resistance to trastuzumab treatment remains a significant common challenge. The identification of resistance mechanisms and the incorporation of new drugs that achieve a better blockade of HER family receptors signaling have resulted in improved outcomes. The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, cross-talk with estrogen receptors, immune response, cell cycle control mechanisms, and other tyrosine kinase receptors such as insulin-like growth factor I receptor are potential pathways involved in trastuzumab resistance. Different therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are currently under evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luque-Cabal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Teijido
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fernández-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palacio-Vázquez
keywords: HER2 overexpression; biomarker; breast cancer; resistance; trastuzumab