title: Aging Increases Susceptibility to High Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in C57BL/6 Mice: Improvement in Glycemic and Lipid Profile after Antioxidant Therapy.
abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been considered a novel component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), with the oxidative stress participating in its progression. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic profile in young and old mice with MetS, and the effects of apocynin and tempol on glycemic and lipid parameters. Young and old C57BL/6 mice with high fat diet- (HFD-) induced MetS received apocynin and tempol 50 mg·kg(-1)/day in their drinking water for 10 weeks. After HFD, the young group showed elevated fasting glucose, worsened lipid profile in plasma, steatosis, and hepatic lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, the old group presented significant increase in fasting insulin levels, insulin resistance, plasma and hepatic lipid peroxidation, and pronounced steatosis. The hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activity did not differ between the groups. Tempol and apocynin seemed to prevent hepatic lipid deposition in both groups. Furthermore, apocynin improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in old mice. In summary, old mice are more susceptible to HFD-induced metabolic changes than their young counterparts. Also, the antioxidant therapy improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and in addition, apocynin seemed to prevent the HFD-induced hepatic fat deposition, suggesting an important role of oxidative stress in the induction of NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular (LRC), Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nano-Biopharmaceutics (N-BIOFAR), Avenida Antônio Carlos, s/n, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nunes-Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular (LRC), Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nano-Biopharmaceutics (N-BIOFAR), Avenida Antônio Carlos, s/n, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cheila Juliana
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: César-Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular (LRC), Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nano-Biopharmaceutics (N-BIOFAR), Avenida Antônio Carlos, s/n, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas José Sá
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Da Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular (LRC), Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nano-Biopharmaceutics (N-BIOFAR), Avenida Antônio Carlos, s/n, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glaucevane Da Silva
authors.initials: Gda S
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Salete
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smaniotto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular (LRC), Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nano-Biopharmaceutics (N-BIOFAR), Avenida Antônio Carlos, s/n, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Luíza Antas
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rabelo
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013113:Spin Labels; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D013113:Spin Labels; D014280:Triglycerides; C056165:acetovanillone; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C001803:tempol