title: Deceased-Donor Apolipoprotein L1 Renal-Risk Variants Have Minimal Effects on Liver Transplant Outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) G1 and G2 renal-risk variants, common in populations with recent African ancestry, are strongly associated with non-diabetic nephropathy, end-stage kidney disease, and shorter allograft survival in deceased-donor kidneys (autosomal recessive inheritance). Circulating APOL1 protein is synthesized primarily in the liver and hydrodynamic gene delivery of APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants has caused hepatic necrosis in a murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the impact of these variants in liver transplantation, this multicenter study investigated the association of APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles in deceased African American liver donors with allograft survival. Transplant recipients were followed for liver allograft survival using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 639 liver donors evaluated, 247 had no APOL1 risk allele, 300 had 1 risk allele, and 92 had 2 risk alleles. Graft failure assessed at 15 days, 6 months, 1 year and total was not significantly associated with donor APOL1 genotype (p-values = 0.25, 0.19, 0.67 and 0.89, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to kidney transplantation, deceased-donor APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants do not significantly impact outcomes in liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.|Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Casey R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Dorr
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.|Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: W Mark
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gregory B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Stephen O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Pastan
authors.affiliation: General Surgery & HLA Immunogenetics Lab, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gautreaux
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amutha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muthusamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Srinath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chinnakotla
authors.affiliation: Alabama Regional Histocompatibility Laboratory at UAB, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hauptfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Allan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Divers
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.|Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.|Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Israni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D064591:Allografts; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000235:genetics*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C108666:APOL1 protein, human; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL