title: Assessment of Recombination in the S-segment Genome of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) belongs to genus Nairovirus and family Bunyaviridae. The main aim of this study was to investigate the extent of recombination in S-segment genome of CCHFV in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were isolated from Iranian patients and those available in GenBank, and analyzed by phylogenetic and bootscan methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through comparison of the phylogenetic trees based on full length sequences and partial fragments in the S-segment genome of CCHFV, genetic switch was evident, due to recombination event. Moreover, evidence of multiple recombination events was detected in query isolates when bootscan analysis was used by SimPlot software.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switch of different genomic regions between different strains by recombination could contribute to CCHFV diversification and evolution. The occurrence of recombination in CCHFV has a critical impact on epidemiological investigations and vaccine design.
authors.affiliation: Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sadegh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chinikar
authors.affiliation: Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nariman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah-Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouzari
authors.affiliation: National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shokrgozar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mostafavi
authors.affiliation: Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahmineh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khakifirouz
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Groschup
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niedrig
keywords: Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever; Diversity; Iran; Phylogenetic; Recombination