title: Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Vietnam.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are leading causes of disease and death in Vietnam, but TB/HIV disease trends and the profile of co-infected patients are poorly described.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined national TB and HIV notification data to provide a geographic overview and describe relevant disease trends within Vietnam. We also compared the demographic and clinical profiles of TB patients with and without HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the past 10 years (2005-2014) cumulative HIV case numbers and deaths increased to 298,151 and 71,332 respectively, but access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) improved and new infections and deaths declined. From 2011-2014 routine HIV testing of TB patients increased from 58.9% to 72.5% and of all TB patients diagnosed with HIV in 2014, 2,803 (72.4%) received ART. The number of multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB cases enrolled for treatment increased almost 3-fold (578 to 1,532) from 2011-2014. The rate of HIV co-infection in MDR and non-MDR TB cases (51/1,532; 3.3% vs 3,774/100,555; 3.8%; OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.7-1.2) was similar in 2014.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The care of TB/HIV co-infected patients have shown sustained improvement in Vietnam. Rising numbers of MDR-TB cases is a concern, but this is not "driven" by HIV co-infection.
authors.affiliation: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; NSW Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Electronic address: qtri6675@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.affiliation: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Vietnam National TB Program, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Vietnam National TB Program, Hanoi, Vietnam; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: T V A
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; NSW Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sintchenko
authors.affiliation: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marais
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: HIV; Tuberculosis; Vietnam; co-infection; disease control; epidemiology