title: An Enzyme-Based Half-Adder and Half-Subtractor with a Modular Design.
abstract: A half-adder and a half-subtractor have been realized using enzymatic reaction cascades performed in a flow cell device. The individual cells were modified with different enzymes and assembled in complex networks to perform logic operations and arithmetic functions. The modular design of the logic devices allowed for easy re-configuration, enabling them to perform various functions. The final output signals, represented by redox species [Fe(CN)6 ](3-/4-) or NADH/NAD(+) , were analyzed optically to derive the calculation results. These output signals might be applicable in the future for actuation processes, for example, substance release activated by logically processed signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-0639
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Fratto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lewer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA. ekatz@clarkson.edu.
authors.forename: Evgeny
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-4620
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005292:Ferricyanides / Q000737:chemistry; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005292:Ferricyanides; D009243:NAD; C007931:hexacyanoferrate III; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase; D006593:Hexokinase
keywords: biocomputers; enzymes; half-adder; half-subtractor; logic gates