title: Comparison of working length control consistency between hand K-files and Mtwo NiTi rotary system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the consistency of working length control between hand instrumentation in comparison to engine driven Mtwo nickel-titanium rotary files.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty extracted maxillary molars were selected and divided onto two parallel groups. The working lengths of the mesiobuccal root canals were estimated. The teeth were fixed in a phantom head. The root canal preparation was carried out group 1 (n=20) with hand K-files, (VDW, Munich, Germany) and group 2 (n=20) with Mtwo instruments (VDW, Munich, Germany). Vestibulo-oral and mesio-distal directional x-ray images were taken before the preparation with #10 K-file, inserted into the mesiobuccal root canal to the working length, and after preparation with #25, #30 and #40 files. Working lenght changes were detected with measurements between the radiological apex and the instrument tips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Mtwo group a difference in the working competency (p<0.05) could be noticed only in the vestibulo-oral direction from #10 to #40 file. The hand instrument group showed a significant difference in working length competency for each larger file size (p<0.05) (ANOVA). Regression analysis in the hand instrumentation group indicated a working length decrease with a mean of 0,2 mm after each consecutive file size (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of our trial indicated a high consistency in working length control for root canal preparation under simulated clinical condition using Mtwo rotary files. Mtwo NiTi rotary file did therefore proved to be more accurate in comparison to the conventional hand instrumentation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Working length, Mtwo, nickel-titanium, hand preparation, engine driven preparation.
authors.affiliation: DMD. Clinical Consultant. Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Károly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krajczár
authors.affiliation: DMD. Private practice, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Enikő
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: DMD. Assistant Professor. Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marada
authors.affiliation: BSc, MSc, PhD. Professor. Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sára
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeges
authors.affiliation: DMD, PhD. Professor. Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Vilmos
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tóth