title: The effect of vapour pressure deficit on stomatal conductance, sap pH and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance in Eucalyptus globulus clones grown under two watering regimes.
abstract: Stomatal conductance has long been considered of key interest in the study of plant adaptation to water stress. The expected increase in extreme meteorological events under a climate change scenario may compromise survival in Eucalyptus globulus plantations established in south-western Spain. We investigated to what extent changes in stomatal conductance in response to high vapour pressure deficits and water shortage are mediated by hydraulic and chemical signals in greenhouse-grown E. globulus clones.
  
  
  
  Rooted cuttings were grown in pots and submitted to two watering regimes. Stomatal conductance, shoot water potential, sap pH and hydraulic conductance were measured consecutively in each plant over 4 weeks under vapour pressure deficits ranging 0·42 to 2·25 kPa. Evapotranspiration, growth in leaf area and shoot biomass were also determined.
  
  
  
  There was a significant effect of both clone and watering regime in stomatal conductance and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance, but not in sap pH. Sap pH decreased as water potential and stomatal conductance decreased under increasing vapour pressure deficit. There was no significant relationship between stomatal conductance and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance. Stomata closure precluded shoot water potential from falling below -1·8 MPa. The percentage loss of hydraulic conductance ranged from 40 to 85 %. The highest and lowest leaf-specific hydraulic conductances were measured in clones from the same half-sib families. Water shortage reduced growth and evapotranspiration, decreases in evapotranspiration ranging from 14 to 32 % in the five clones tested.
  
  
  
  Changes in sap pH seemed to be a response to changes in atmospheric conditions rather than soil water in the species. Stomata closed after a considerable amount of hydraulic conductance was lost, although intraspecific differences in leaf-specific hydraulic conductance suggest the possibility of selection for improved productivity under water-limiting conditions combined with high temperatures in the early stages of growth.
authors.affiliation: CIFOR-INIA, Ctra de la Coruña km 7·5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: CIFOR-INIA, Ctra de la Coruña km 7·5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.affiliation: ENCE S.A., Ctra A-5000 km 7·5. Apartado 223, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: ENCE S.A., Ctra A-5000 km 7·5. Apartado 223, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry Engineering and Natural Resources, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain pilar.pita@upm.es.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pita
mesh_terms: D003681:Dehydration; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D055548:Vapor Pressure; D052584:Xylem / Q000737:chemistry
keywords: Eucalyptus globulus; acidification; leaf-specific hydraulic conductance; percentage loss of hydraulic conductance; sap alkalization; stomatal conductance; vapour pressure deficit; water potential; water stress