title: Money Buys Happiness When Spending Fits Our Personality.
abstract: In contrast to decades of research reporting surprisingly weak relationships between consumption and happiness, recent findings suggest that money can indeed increase happiness if it is spent the "right way" (e.g., on experiences or on other people). Drawing on the concept of psychological fit, we extend this research by arguing that individual differences play a central role in determining the "right" type of spending to increase well-being. In a field study using more than 76,000 bank-transaction records, we found that individuals spend more on products that match their personality, and that people whose purchases better match their personality report higher levels of life satisfaction. This effect of psychological fit on happiness was stronger than the effect of individuals' total income or the effect of their total spending. A follow-up study showed a causal effect: Personality-matched spending increased positive affect. In summary, when spending matches the buyer's personality, it appears that money can indeed buy happiness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge sm917@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Matz
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
authors.forename: Joe J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gladstone
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stillwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D004467:Economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Big Five personality; consumption; happiness; psychological fit; self-congruity