title: A chimeric protein of aluminum-activated malate transporter generated from wheat and Arabidopsis shows enhanced response to trivalent cations.
abstract: TaALMT1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and AtALMT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana encode aluminum (Al)-activated malate transporters, which confer acid-soil tolerance by releasing malate from roots. Chimeric proteins from TaALMT1 and AtALMT1 (Ta::At, At::Ta) were previously analyzed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Those studies showed that Al could activate malate efflux from the Ta::At chimera but not from At::Ta. Here, functions of TaALMT1, AtALMT1 and the chimeric protein Ta::At were compared in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells. We focused on the sensitivity and specificity of their activation by trivalent cations. The activation of malate efflux by Al was at least two-fold greater in the chimera than the native proteins. All proteins were also activated by lanthanides (erbium, ytterbium, gadolinium, and lanthanum), but the chimera again released more malate than TaALMT1 or AtALMT1. In Xenopus oocytes, Al, ytterbium, and erbium activated inward currents from the native TaALMT1 and the chimeric protein, but gadolinium only activated currents from the chimera. Lanthanum inhibited currents from both proteins. These results demonstrated that function of the chimera protein was altered compared to the native proteins and was more responsive to a range of trivalent cations when expressed in plant cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan. Electronic address: tsasaki@rib.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ariyoshi
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004871:Erbium / Q000494:pharmacology; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D007700:Kinetics; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D015018:Ytterbium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C512361:ALMT1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008293:Malates; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D007811:Lanthanum; D004871:Erbium; C030298:malic acid; D005682:Gadolinium; D000535:Aluminum; D015018:Ytterbium
keywords: Aluminum-activated malate transporter; Chimeric protein; Lanthanides; Tobacco BY-2 cells; Transport function