title: Effect of garlic on micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats with N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of garlic on micronuclei frequency (MNF) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of Wistar rats with N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinoma (GC) and precancerous lesions (PLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were exposed to MNNG at 1.25 mg/5 mL per day for 10 mo to induce GC and PLs (MNNG group, n = 30); rats not exposed to MNNG served as unmodeled controls (control group, n = 16). The MNNG rats were randomly divided into a prevention treatment group (n = 30; receiving 10 mL of a 10% garlic solution per day) and an untreated model control group (n = 20; receiving tap water). MNF in PBLs were detected at experiment months 10 and 16 mo by the microculture technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MNNG group had similar MNF levels at months 10 and 16. Compared to the control group, the MNNG, prevention and untreated model control groups had remarkably higher MNF levels (P < 0.01). The level of PLs was significantly lower in the prevention treatment group than in the untreated model control group (P < 0.01). The prevention group showed significantly lower MNF than the MNNG group (P < 0.01), and the MNF level was reduced in month 16 compared to month 10 (P < 0.01). However, the difference in MNF levels in groups given prevention or treatment was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MNNG exposure exerted continuous mutagenicity and carcinogenicity properties on PBLs, and garlic exerted a remarkable anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effect. MNF in PBL may be a novel marker of early-stage GC.
authors.affiliation: Qi Su, Zhao-Yang Luo, Yang-Gui Ou, Yi-Qin Li, Jian-Guo Zhou, Dan Zhang, Institute of Oncology, Hengyang Medical College, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Qi Su, Zhao-Yang Luo, Yang-Gui Ou, Yi-Qin Li, Jian-Guo Zhou, Dan Zhang, Institute of Oncology, Hengyang Medical College, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Qi Su, Zhao-Yang Luo, Yang-Gui Ou, Yi-Qin Li, Jian-Guo Zhou, Dan Zhang, Institute of Oncology, Hengyang Medical College, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Qi Su, Zhao-Yang Luo, Yang-Gui Ou, Yi-Qin Li, Jian-Guo Zhou, Dan Zhang, Institute of Oncology, Hengyang Medical College, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Qi Su, Zhao-Yang Luo, Yang-Gui Ou, Yi-Qin Li, Jian-Guo Zhou, Dan Zhang, Institute of Oncology, Hengyang Medical College, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Qi Su, Zhao-Yang Luo, Yang-Gui Ou, Yi-Qin Li, Jian-Guo Zhou, Dan Zhang, Institute of Oncology, Hengyang Medical College, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Adenocarcinoma/Zhongyiyaoliaofa; Garlic/Pharmacology; Lymphocytes/Drug effects; Micronuclei/Drug effects; Precancerous conditions/zhongyiyaoliaofa; Stomach neoplasms/zhongyi-yaoliaofa