title: Breakdown of Immune Tolerance in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Dendritic Cells.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with multiple tissue manifestations. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of conventional DC and plasmacytoid DC in the development of both murine lupus and human SLE. In the past decade, studies using selective DC depletions have demonstrated critical roles of DC in lupus progression. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies suggest activation of DC by self-antigens in lupus pathogenesis, followed by breakdown of immune tolerance to self. Potential treatment strategies targeting DC have been developed. However, many questions remain regarding the mechanisms by which DC modulate lupus pathogenesis that require further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6671-4714
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Alec M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Reihl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Xin M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2809-5836
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D007371:Interferon-gamma