title: Single crystalline cylindrical nanowires - toward dense 3D arrays of magnetic vortices.
abstract: Magnetic vortex-based media have recently been proposed for several applications of nanotechnology; however, because lithography is typically used for their preparation, their low-cost, large-scale fabrication is a challenge. One solution may be to use arrays of densely packed cobalt nanowires that have been efficiently fabricated by electrodeposition. In this work, we present this type of nanoscale magnetic structures that can hold multiple stable magnetic vortex domains at remanence with different chiralities. The stable vortex state is observed in arrays of monocrystalline cobalt nanowires with diameters as small as 45 nm and lengths longer than 200 nm with vanishing magnetic cross talk between closely packed neighboring wires in the array. Lorentz microscopy, electron holography and magnetic force microscopy, supported by micromagnetic simulations, show that the structure of the vortex state can be adjusted by varying the aspect ratio of the nanowires. The data we present here introduce a route toward the concept of 3-dimensional vortex-based magnetic memories.
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.|Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Yurii P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, Av. de Tolosa 76, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.|IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chuvilin
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.|Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162A Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Laura G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Vivas
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kosel
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chubykalo-Fesenko
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vázquez