title: Real-time three-dimensional left ventricular contraction in patients with diastolic dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systolic alterations in left ventricular (LV) myocardial function have been reported previously in patients with diastolic dysfunction (DD). Recent advances in real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) enable the measurement of a set of parameters previously difficult to obtain with standard two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). The aim of this study was to evaluate global 3DE LV contraction in patients with and without DD who had normal ejection fraction (EF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five patients (average age 56 ± 6 years; 31 females and 34 males) with normal EF (>50 %) referred to echocardiographic examination for the evaluation of DD were included. In addition to measuring conventional echocardiographic parameters, they were also evaluated with 3DE. End diastolic volume, end systolic volume, EF, corrected standard deviation (SD) of time to minimal systolic volume for 16 segments its dispersion, average excursion of the segments and the SD of segmental motion (excursion-SD) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When we tested the differences among three groups of diastolic function (normal, Grade 1, and Grade 2), the results showed that coronary artery disease, left atrial volume, septum, posterior wall, E, A, E/A, deceleration time, E' septum, E' lateral, and excursion-SD were significantly different. An ordered logistic regression analysis revealed that excursion-SD (p < 0.001) and septum (p < 0.001) measurements were statistically significant for predicting DD grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our patient population, a decline in excursion-SD values was observed with increasing DD grade. In other words, the amount of segmental difference in terms of excursion was reduced.
authors.affiliation: Maltepe Ersoy Hospital, Altay Çesme Mah. Varna Sok. No. 16, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey. suzan_hatipoglu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatipoğlu
authors.affiliation: Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Babur Güler
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, American University of Sharjah, Ash Shariqah, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kahveci
authors.affiliation: Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.affiliation: Acıbadem University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eroğlu
authors.affiliation: Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Özdemir
mesh_terms: D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009929:Organ Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: 3-Dimensional echocardiography; Diastolic dysfunction; Left ventricle