title: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol target achievement in patients on lipid-lowering drugs and stratified by triglyceride levels in the Arabian Gulf.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherogenic dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in the Arabian Gulf. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) reduction has been proposed as an additional goal to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Data on non-HDL-C goal attainment in patients with high triglycerides (TGs) on lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) in the region is scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate non-HDL-C target attainment according to the National Lipid Association in patients on LLDs stratified by TG (<150 [1.69], 150-200 [1.69-2.26], >200 [2.26] mg/dL [mmol/L]) levels in the Arabian Gulf.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 4383 patients on LLD treatment from 6 Middle Eastern countries participating in the Centralized Pan-Middle East Survey on the Undertreatment of Hypercholesterolemia study were evaluated. Patients were classified according to TG levels and ASCVD risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall non-HDL-C goal attainment was 41% of the subjects. Non-HDL-C goal was less likely attained in patients with high TGs (12% vs 27% vs 55%; P < .001). Very high ASCVD risk patients with high TGs attained less their non-HDL-C targets compared with those with lower TG levels (8% vs 23% vs 51%; P < .001). Similarly, high ASCVD risk patients with high TGs also failed more in attaining non-HDL-C targets compared with those with lower TGs (26% vs 42% vs 69%; P < .001). In addition, those with high TG also succeeded less in attaining LDL-C and apolipoprotein B goals (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large proportion of very high and high ASCVD patients on LLDs in the Arabian Gulf are not at recommended non-HDL-C targets and hence remain at a substantial residual risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Khamis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Hashmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Gulf Health Research, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Zakwani
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute -Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al Mahmeed
authors.affiliation: King Saud University Hospital, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arafah
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Ali T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Al-Hinai
authors.affiliation: UAE University, AlAin, UAE.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shehab
authors.affiliation: Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Tamimi
authors.affiliation: Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Awadhi
authors.affiliation: King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Shorook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Herz
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Anazi
authors.affiliation: Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), School of Medicine, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Nemer
authors.affiliation: King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, KSA.
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Metwally
authors.affiliation: King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, KSA.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkhadra
authors.affiliation: King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, KSA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fakhry
authors.affiliation: Soliman Fakieh Hospital, Jeddah, KSA.
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elghetany
authors.affiliation: Dubai Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
authors.forename: Abdel Razak
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Medani
authors.affiliation: Dubai Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
authors.forename: Afzal Hussein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Yusufali
authors.affiliation: Dubai Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
authors.forename: Obaid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Jassim
authors.affiliation: American Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Hallaq
authors.affiliation: Rashid Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
authors.forename: Fahad Omar Ahmed S
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Baslaib
authors.affiliation: Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, Manama, Bahrain.
authors.forename: Haitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raul D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Waili
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Electronic address: k.alrasadi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Rasadi
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019156:Indian Ocean; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Apolipoprotein B; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes mellitus; HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; Middle East; Non-HDL cholesterol; Triglycerides