title: A Portable Low-Power Acquisition System with a Urease Bioelectrochemical Sensor for Potentiometric Detection of Urea Concentrations.
abstract: This paper presents a portable low-power battery-driven bioelectrochemical signal acquisition system for urea detection. The proposed design has several advantages, including high performance, low cost, low-power consumption, and high portability. A LT1789-1 low-supply-voltage instrumentation amplifier (IA) was used to measure and amplify the open-circuit potential (OCP) between the working and reference electrodes. An MSP430 micro-controller was programmed to process and transduce the signals to the custom-developed software by ZigBee RF module in wireless mode and UART in able mode. The immobilized urease sensor was prepared by embedding urease into the polymer (aniline-co-o-phenylenediamine) polymeric matrix and then coating/depositing it onto a MEMS-fabricated Au working electrode. The linear correlation established between the urea concentration and the potentiometric change is in the urea concentrations range of 3.16 × 10(-4) to 3.16 × 10(-2) M with a sensitivity of 31.12 mV/log [M] and a precision of 0.995 (R² = 0.995). This portable device not only detects urea concentrations, but can also operate continuously with a 3.7 V rechargeab-le lithium-ion battery (500 mA·h) for at least four days. Accordingly, its use is feasible and even promising for home-care applications.
authors.affiliation: Instrument System and Chip Group, Department of Electric Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. harukokashi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Jhe
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Instrument System and Chip Group, Department of Electric Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. robinluo@mail.ncku.edu.tw.|Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. robinluo@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ching-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. jlin@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jiun-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. a129115@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sin-Houng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. conandoyle3311@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ping-Hung
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. syumei2014@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mei-Jywan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Syu
authors.affiliation: Instrument System and Chip Group, Department of Electric Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. guosuicune@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shin-Hung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nan Hua University, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan. shivan0111@nhu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shin-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014510:Urease / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D011108:Polymers; D014508:Urea; D014510:Urease; C023650:aniline
keywords: MEMS; battery-driven; bioelectrochemical signal acquisition; immobilized urease; portable; potentiometric; urea