title: Software performance in segmenting ground-glass and solid components of subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the performance of software in segmenting ground-glass and solid components of subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three pulmonary adenocarcinomas manifesting as subsolid nodules were included. Two radiologists measured the maximal axial diameter of the ground-glass components on lung windows and that of the solid components on lung and mediastinal windows. Nodules were segmented using software by applying five (-850 HU to -650 HU) and nine (-130 HU to -500 HU) attenuation thresholds. We compared the manual and software measurements of ground-glass and solid components with pathology measurements of tumour and invasive components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Segmentation of ground-glass components at a threshold of -750 HU yielded mean differences of +0.06 mm (p = 0.83, 95 % limits of agreement, 4.51 to 4.67) and -2.32 mm (p < 0.001, -8.27 to 3.63) when compared with pathology and manual measurements, respectively. For solid components, mean differences between the software (at -350 HU) and pathology measurements and between the manual (lung and mediastinal windows) and pathology measurements were -0.12 mm (p = 0.74, -5.73 to 5.55]), 0.15 mm (p = 0.73, -6.92 to 7.22), and -1.14 mm (p < 0.001, -7.93 to 5.64), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Software segmentation of ground-glass and solid components in subsolid nodules showed no significant difference with pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Software can effectively segment ground-glass and solid components in subsolid nodules. • Software measurements show no significant difference with pathology measurements. • Manual measurements are more accurate on lung windows than on mediastinal windows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.|Clinique Universitaire de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale (CURIM), Université Joseph Fourier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, CS 10217, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Julien G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea. jmgoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. jmgoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Roh-Eul
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Ginneken
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Doo Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072177:Radiologists; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Lung cancer; Segmentation; Solitary pulmonary nodule; Subsolid nodule