title: Noninvasive strategies for breast cancer early detection.
abstract: Breast cancer screening and presurgical diagnosis are currently based on mammography, ultrasound and more sensitive imaging technologies; however, noninvasive biomarkers represent both a challenge and an opportunity for early detection of cancer. An extensive number of potential breast cancer biomarkers have been discovered by microarray hybridization or sequencing of circulating DNA, noncoding RNA and blood cell RNA; multiplex analysis of immune-related molecules and mass spectrometry-based approaches for high-throughput detection of protein, endogenous peptides, circulating and volatile metabolites. However, their medical relevance and their translation to clinics remain to be exploited. Once they will be fully validated, cancer biomarkers, used in combination with the current and emerging imaging technologies, represent an avenue to a personalized breast cancer diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging Diagnosis & Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trecate
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pablo Martinez-Lozano
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sinues
authors.affiliation: Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology & Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orlandi
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: MRI; MS; breast cancer; breath analysis; cancer biomarkers; genomics; imaging; immune biomarkers; mammography; noninvasive diagnosis; ultrasound