title: Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharide-Protein Complex from the Mushroom Sclerotia of Polyporus rhinocerus in Murine Macrophages.
abstract: A novel water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complex (PRW1) isolated from the sclerotia of an edible mushroom Polyporus rhinocerus which was purified by membrane ultrafiltration could significantly activate murine macrophages RAW264.7 in vitro. PRW1 had a molecular weight of less than 50 kDa and was found to be a highly branched heteropolysaccharide-protein complex composed of 45.7 ± 0.97% polysaccharide and 44.2 ± 0.41% protein. Based on the results of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the carbohydrate moiety of PRW1 was found to be a β-d-mannoglucan with its backbone containing →1)-d-Glcp-(4→, →1)-d-Glcp-(6→, and →1)-d-Manp-(2→ residues (molar ratio of 5:4:6) and having terminal d-Glcp as side chain (degree of branching of 0.62). In vitro studies showed that PRW1 significantly induced NO production and enhanced the release of a variety of cytokines including G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL12p40/70, MCP-1, MCP-5, MIP-1-α, MIP-2, RANTES, sTNFRI, and TNF-α. Mechanistically, PRW1 treatment triggered ERK phosphorylation to activate macrophages within 15 min and significantly increased the expression level of inducible NOS after 6 h. In summary, this study indicates that PRW1 derived from the sclerotia of P. rhinocerus is a potential immunomodulatory agent for cancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China.
authors.forename: Chaoran
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China.
authors.forename: Jialun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China.
authors.forename: Peter C K
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D055492:Polyporus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Polyporus rhinocerus; macrophage activation; mushroom sclerotia; polysaccharide−protein complex; β-mannoglucans