title: Curriculum reform for residency training: competence, change, and opportunities for leadership.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Certain pressures stemming from within the medical community and from society in general, such as the need for increased accountability in resident training and restricted resident duty hours, have prompted a re-examination of methods for training physicians. Leaders in medical education in North America and around the world champion competency-based medical education (CBME) as a solution. The Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Ottawa launched Canada's first CBME program for anesthesiology residents on July 1, 2015. In this paper, we discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with CBME and delineate the elements of the new CBME program at the University of Ottawa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the current literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Competency-based medical education addresses some of the challenges associated with physician training, such as ensuring that specialists are competent in all key areas and reducing training costs. In principle, competency-based medical education can better meet the needs of patients, providers, and other stakeholders in the healthcare system, but its success will depend on support from all involved. As CBME is implemented, anesthesiologists have the opportunity to become leaders in innovation and medical education. The University of Ottawa has implemented a CBME program with a twofold purpose, namely, to focus learning opportunities on the development of the specific competencies required of practicing anesthesiologists and to test the effectiveness of a reduction in the length of training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canadian anesthesia residency programs will soon transition to CBME in order to promote better transparency, accountability, fairness, fiscal responsibility, and patient safety. Competency-based medical education offers significant potential advantages for healthcare stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital/The University of Ottawa, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Suite B302, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E2, Canada. afraser@toh.on.ca.
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: Learning 4 Excellence, Office of Postgraduate Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stodel
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital/The University of Ottawa, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Suite B302, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chaput
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000379:methods*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D007857:Leadership