title: Transcranial direct current stimulation is not effective in the motor strength and gait recovery following motor incomplete spinal cord injury during Lokomat(®) gait training.
abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential tool to improve motor recovery in patients with neurological disorders. Safety and efficacy of this procedure for lower extremity motor strengthe and gait function in motor incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) have not yet been addressed. The aim of this study is to optimize the functional outcome in early phases of gait rehabilitation assisted by Lokomat(®) in motor incomplete SCI patients using tDCS as an additional treatment to physical therapy.
  
  
  
  We performed in a SCI unit a single-centre randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study to investigate safety and efficacy of anodal tDCS of over leg motor cortex in motor incomplete SCI patients. Twenty-four SCI patients received either daily sessions of anodal tDCS (n=12) at 2mA for 20min to the vertex (leg motor cortex) during twenty days or sham tDCS (n=12). Motor deficit was assessed by the lower extremity motor score (LEMS) and for gait function: ten meter walking test (10MWT) and Walking Index for SCI (WISCI II) at baseline, after last tDCS session (after 4 weeks of stimulation), and after 8 weeks (from baseline) for follow-up.
  
  
  
  No side effects were detected during either tDCS or sham. In both groups, there was a significant improvement in LEMS (p<0.03), which did not significantly differ when comparing anodal and sham tDCS groups. During follow-up, in both group 5 of 12 patients could perform gait, without significant differences in gait velocity, cadence, step length and WISCI-II between both groups.
  
  
  
  Combination twenty sessions of daily tDCS to the leg motor cortex and Lokomat(®) gait training appear to be safe in motor incomplete SCI patients. There was an expected improvement in both LEMS and gait scales however, did not differ between patients treated with anodal or sham tDCS.
authors.affiliation: Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: hkumru@guttmann.com.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumru
authors.affiliation: Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Narda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.affiliation: Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benito-Penalva
authors.affiliation: Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tormos
authors.affiliation: Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vidal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gait rehabilitation; Lokomat; Lower extremity motor score; Spinal cord injury; tDCS