title: The management of asthma in the phenotype and biomarker era: The proposal of a new diagnostic-therapeutic model.
abstract: Treatment goals in asthma patients are the achievement of a good control of symptoms and the reduction of the risk of exacerbation. However, a "one-size-fits-all" therapeutic strategy is no longer appropriate to effectively pursue these goals, due to the heterogeneity of asthma. To make the treatment scenario even more complex, asthma patients often present comorbidities that may alter response to therapy. In addition, adherence to asthma treatment is poor. Given this complex and heterogeneous picture, the management of asthma is highly challenging. A clear diagnostic-therapeutic model of patients' care and the definition of the specific responsibilities of different healthcare providers appear necessary to improve clinical outcomes and better allocate healthcare resources. We present here a proposal for this model.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of Milan , IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.affiliation: b Italian College of General Practitioners , Brescia , Italy.
authors.forename: Germano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bettoncelli
authors.affiliation: c Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio Walter
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canonica
authors.affiliation: d University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Centanni
authors.affiliation: e University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crimi
authors.affiliation: f Policlinico Vittorio Emanuale , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DiMaria
authors.affiliation: g Pneumology Unit, Riuniti Hospital , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.affiliation: h ASL Ancona , Ancona , Italy.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gentili
authors.affiliation: i University of Messina , Messina , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Girbino
authors.affiliation: j Pneumology Unit, Santa Corona Hospital , Savona , Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mereu
authors.affiliation: d University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minghetti
authors.affiliation: k USSL7 , Pieve di Soligo, Treviso , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nardini
authors.affiliation: l Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paggiaro
authors.affiliation: m University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papi
authors.affiliation: n AOU Careggi , Firenze , Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pistolesi
authors.affiliation: o University of Verona , Verona , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D015897:Comorbidity; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Asthma; clinical decision; diagnosis; management; model; phenotype; therapy