title: MERS-CoV virus-like particles produced in insect cells induce specific humoural and cellular imminity in rhesus macaques.
abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory disease in humans with a case fatality rate of over 39%, and poses a considerable threat to public health. A lack of approved vaccine or drugs currently constitutes a roadblock in controlling disease outbreak and spread. In this study, we generated MERS-CoV VLPs using the baculovirus expression system. Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy results demonstrate that MERS-CoV VLPs are structurally similar to the native virus. Rhesus macaques inoculated with MERS-CoV VLPs and Alum adjuvant induced virus-neutralizing antibodies titers up to 1:40 and induced specific IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD), with endpoint titers reaching 1:1,280. MERS-CoV VLPs also elicited T-helper 1 cell (Th1)-mediated immunity, as measured by ELISpot. These data demonstrate that MERS-CoV VLPs have excellent immunogenicity in rhesus macaques, and represent a promising vaccine candidate.
authors.affiliation: College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xuexing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hualei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Boning
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tiecheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xianzhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology*; D007313:Insecta; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D065207:Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; immune response; nonhuman primates; vaccine; virus-like particles