title: Lesbian, gay, & bisexual older adults: linking internal minority stressors, chronic health conditions, and depression.
abstract: This study aims to: (1) test whether the minority stressors disclosure of sexual orientation; and (2) internalized heterosexism are predictive of chronic physical health conditions; and (3) depression; (4) to test direct and indirect relationships between these variables; and (5) whether chronic physical health conditions are further predictive of depression, net of disclosure of sexual orientation and internalized heterosexism.
  
  
  
  Secondary analysis of national, community-based surveys of 2349 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults aged 50 and older residing in the US utilizing structural equation modeling.
  
  
  
  Congruent with minority stress theory, disclosure of sexual orientation is indirectly associated with chronic physical health conditions and depression, mediated by internalized heterosexism with a suppressor effect. Internalized heterosexism is directly associated with chronic physical health conditions and depression, and further indirectly associated with depression mediated by chronic physical health conditions. Finally, chronic physical health conditions have an additional direct relationship with depression, net of other predictor variables.
  
  
  
  Minority stressors and chronic physical health conditions independently and collectively predict depression, possibly a synergistic effect. Implications for depression among older sexual minority adults are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a College of Social Work, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hoy-Ellis
authors.affiliation: b School of Social Work, University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.
authors.forename: Karen I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Fredriksen-Goldsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014481:United States
keywords: Sexual orientation; depression; minority stress; older adults; structural equation modeling