title: MicroRNA and Heart Failure.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) imposes significant economic and public health burdens upon modern society. It is known that disturbances in neurohormonal status play an important role in the pathogenesis of HF. Therapeutics that antagonize selected neurohormonal pathways, specifically the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, have significantly improved patient outcomes in HF. Nevertheless, mortality remains high with about 50% of HF patients dying within five years of diagnosis thus mandating ongoing efforts to improve HF management. The discovery of short noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) and our increasing understanding of their functions, has presented potential therapeutic applications in complex diseases, including HF. Results from several genome-wide miRNA studies have identified miRNAs differentially expressed in HF cohorts suggesting their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of HF and their potential as both biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Unravelling the functional relevance of miRNAs within pathogenic pathways is a major challenge in cardiovascular research. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system. We highlight several HF-related miRNAs reported from selected cohorts and review their putative roles in neurohormonal signaling.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore. mdcwll@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Lee Lee
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore. mdcwaju@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore. mdclow@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Oi Wah
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore. arthur_mark_richards@nuhs.edu.sg.|Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore. arthur_mark_richards@nuhs.edu.sg.|Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand. arthur_mark_richards@nuhs.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Arthur Mark
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore. mdccyt@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Yei-Tsung
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006728:Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: cardiovascular; heart failure; microRNA; neurohormone