title: Bacterial strains isolated from river water having the ability to split alcohol ethoxylates by central fission.
abstract: Alcohol ethoxylates (AE) are a major component of the surfactant stream discharged into surface water. The "central fission" of AE with the formation of poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG) is considered to be the dominant biodegradation pathway. However, information as to which bacterial strains are able to perform this reaction is very limited. The aim of this work was to establish whether such an ability is unique or common, and which bacterial strains are able to split AE used as a sole source of organic carbon. Four bacterial strains were isolated from river water and were identified on the basis of phylogenetic trees as Enterobacter strain Z2, Enterobacter strain Z3, Citrobacter freundii strain Z4, and Stenotrophomonas strain Z5. Sterilized river water and "artificial sewage" were used for augmentation of the isolated bacteria. The test was performed in bottles filled with a mineral salt medium spiked with surfactant C12E10 (10 mg L(-1)) and an inoculating suspension of the investigated bacterial strain. Sequential extraction of the tested samples by ethyl acetate and chloroform was used for separation of PEG from the water matrix. LC-MS was used for PEG determination on the basis of single-ion chromatograms. All four selected and investigated bacterial strains exhibit the ability to split fatty alcohol ethoxylates with the production of PEG, which is evidence that this property is a common one rather than specific to certain bacterial strains. However, this ability increases in the sequence: Stenotrophomonas strain Z5 < Enterobacter strain Z2 < Enterobacter strain Z3 = Citrobacter freundii strain Z4. Graphical Abstract Biodegradation by central fission of alcohol ethoxylates by bacterial strains isolated from river water.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Budnik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965, Poznan, Poland. Joanna.Zembrzuska@put.poznan.pl.|Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland. Joanna.Zembrzuska@put.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zembrzuska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Zenon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lukaszewski
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000378:metabolism; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D020588:Stenotrophomonas / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C478747:polyoxyethylene-10-dodecyl ether; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Biodegradation; Citrobacter freundii; Enterobacter sp.; LC–MS; Metabolites; Oxyethylated fatty alcohols; Stenotrophomonas sp.