title: Changes in Manipulative Peak Force Modulation and Time to Peak Thrust among First-Year Chiropractic Students Following a 12-Week Detraining Period.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in peak force modulation and time-to-peak thrust in posterior-to-anterior (PA) high-velocity-low-amplitude (HVLA) manipulations in first-year chiropractic students prior to and following a 12-week detraining period.
  
  
  
  Chiropractic students (n=125) performed 2 thrusts prior to and following a 12-week detraining period: total peak force targets were 400 and 600 N, on a force-sensing table using a PA hand contact of the participant's choice (bilateral hypothenar, bilateral thenar, or cross bilateral). Force modulation was compared to defined target total peak force values of 600 and 400 N, and time-to-peak thrust was compared between data sets using 2-tailed paired t-tests.
  
  
  
  Total peak force for the 600 N intensity varied by 124.11 + 65.77 N during the pre-test and 123.29 + 61.43 N during the post-test compared to the defined target of 600 N (P = .90); total peak force for the 400 N intensity varied by 44.91 + 34.67 N during the pre-test and 44.60 + 32.63 N during the post-test compared to the defined target of 400 N (P = .57). Time-to-peak thrust for the 400 N total peak force was 137.094 + 42.47 milliseconds during the pre-test and 125.385 + 37.46 milliseconds during the post-test (P = .0004); time-to-peak thrust for the 600 N total peak force was 136.835 + 40.48 milliseconds during the pre-test and 125.385 + 33.78 milliseconds during the post-test (P = .03).
  
  
  
  The results indicate no drop-off in the ability to modulate force for either thrust intensity, but did indicate a statistically significant change in time-to-peak thrust for the 400 N total peak force thrust intensity in first-year chiropractic students following a 12-week detraining period.
authors.affiliation: Education Coordinator, Simulation Lab, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada; Chair, Faculty Council, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Starmer
authors.affiliation: Research Assistant, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: brettguist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Brett P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Guist
authors.affiliation: Sports Science Resident, Department of Graduate Education and Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Taylor R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Tuff
authors.affiliation: Research Assistant, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Research Assistant, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada; Research Assistant, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew G R
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002684:Chiropractic / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006281:Health Occupations / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D026882:Manipulation, Chiropractic / Q000592:standards*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013336:Students, Health Occupations
keywords: Chiropractic; Force; Manipulation, Spinal; Motor Skills; Spine