title: Formation of ghost images due to metal objects on the surface of the patient's face: A pictorial essay.
abstract: Panoramic radiographs are a relatively simple technique that is commonly used in all dental specialties. In panoramic radiographs, in addition to the formation of real images of metal objects, ghost images may also form, and these ghost images can hinder an accurate diagnosis and interfere with the accuracy of radiology reports. Dentists must understand the formation of these images in order to avoid making incorrect radiographic diagnoses. Therefore, the present study sought to present a study of the formation of panoramic radiograph ghost images caused by metal objects in the head and neck region of a dry skull, as well as to report a clinical case n order to warn dentists about ghost images and to raise awareness thereof. An understanding of the principles of the formation of ghost images in panoramic radiographs helps prevent incorrect diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara Couto
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Raquel
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: da Silva Izar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica Lourdes Costa
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscilla Sena
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Scigliano
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém do Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrício Mesquita
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Ricardo
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Manzi
keywords: Body Piercing; Panoramic Radiography; X-ray diagnosis; X-ray image