title: Sensory Activation of Command Cells for Locomotion and Modulatory Mechanisms: Lessons from Lampreys.
abstract: Sensorimotor transformation is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the general organization of the locomotor neural circuitry is relatively well understood, less is known about its activation by sensory inputs and its modulation. Utilizing the lamprey model, a detailed understanding of sensorimotor integration in vertebrates is emerging. In this article, we explore how the vertebrate CNS integrates sensory signals to generate motor behavior by examining the pathways and neural mechanisms involved in the transformation of cutaneous and olfactory inputs into motor output in the lamprey. We then review how 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) acts on these systems by modulating both sensory inputs and motor output. A comprehensive review of this fundamental topic should provide a useful framework in the fields of motor control, sensorimotor integration and neuromodulation.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Neurosciences, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Gheylen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daghfous
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor Windsor, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Warren W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Simon T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Alford
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor Windsor, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Zielinski
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Neurosciences, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Réjean
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dubuc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007798:Lampreys; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin
keywords: 5-HT; lamprey; locomotion; modulation; reticulospinal neurons; sensorimotor