title: Comparative photographic evaluation of various geometric and mathematical proportions of maxillary anterior teeth: A clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the existence of the golden proportion, recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion and golden percentage between the frontal view widths of the maxillary anterior natural dentition among students of Indian origin by the aid of digital photography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted with 80 dental students (41 female and 39 male), with ages ranging from 20 to 23 years. Students whose natural smile did not develop any visual tension with regard to the study's and their own criteria were selected as having an esthetic smile. Photographs were taken, and the mesiodistal widths of six maxillary anterior teeth were measured digitally using software. Once the measurements were recorded three different theories of proportion were applied and statistical analysis was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The golden proportion, i.e., 62% RED proportion and golden percentage were not observed in the subjects. According to the subjects evaluated, the average width of the maxillary lateral incisor was 72% of the frontal view width of the central incisor. The average width of the canine was 84% of the frontal view width of the lateral incisor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The golden proportion and RED proportion were not observed in the natural smiles of subjects who were deemed to have an esthetic smile. The values proposed for the golden percentage theory were not observed in subjects with an esthetic smile. Average frontal view percentage widths of the maxillary anterior dentition exist and can be useful in predicting naturally occurring widths in smiles deemed to be esthetic in a specific population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M. P. Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Vineet S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Dhvani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhesania
authors.forename: Chintul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D009811:Odontometry / Q000379:methods*; D023861:Photography, Dental; D012904:Smiling; D055815:Young Adult