title: Effect of cadmium toxicity on Vertebrates.
abstract: This short article reviews the effect of the toxicity of the heavy metal, cadmium, which, as a contaminant of freshwater, is a threat to human health and can cause itai-itai disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrobiology, National Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrobiology, National Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Vet. Med., Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ismael Abd El-Moneen
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Eissa
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrobiology, National Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Ismael Noor
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Eldeen
keywords: cadmium toxicity; itai-itai disease; toxicity