title: Development and evaluation of N-naphthyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan micelles containing clotrimazole for oral candidiasis treatment.
abstract: Clotrimazole (CZ)-loaded N-naphthyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan (NSCS) micelles have been developed as an alternative for oral candidiasis treatment. NSCS was synthesized by reductive N-amination and N,O-succinylation. CZ was incorporated into the micelles using various methods, including the dropping method, the dialysis method, and the O/W emulsion method. The size and morphology of the CZ-loaded micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The drug entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, release characteristics, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans were also evaluated. The CZ-loaded micelles prepared using different methods differed in the size of micelles. The micelles ranged in size from 120 nm to 173 nm. The micelles prepared via the O/W emulsion method offered the highest percentage entrapment efficiency and loading capacity. The CZ released from the CZ-loaded micelles at much faster rate compared to CZ powder. The CZ-loaded NSCS micelles can significantly hinder the growth of Candida cells after contact. These CZ-loaded NSCS micelles offer great antifungal activity and might be further developed to be a promising candidate for oral candidiasis treatment.
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy , Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Prasopchai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tonglairoum
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy , Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Thisirak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woraphatphadung
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy , Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Tanasait
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ngawhirunpat
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy , Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Theerasak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rojanarata
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy , Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Prasert
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akkaramongkolporn
authors.affiliation: b National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , Pathum Thani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Warayuth
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sajomsang
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy , Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Praneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Opanasopit
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D008823:Micelles; C000602667:N-naphthyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan; D013386:Succinates; D048271:Chitosan; D003022:Clotrimazole
keywords: Clotrimazole; N-naphthyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan; micelles; oral candidiasis