title: Drugs as Possible Triggers of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Literature Search - Update 2015.
abstract: In 2011 a list of 20 drugs linked to drug-induced Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) was published. Thus, the objectives were both to identify cases of drug-induced TCM, and update the 2011 list of drugs as possible triggers of this cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  
  As the 2011 report of drug-induced TCM, case reports of drug-induced TCM were identified by a comprehensive search in Medline/PubMed database. From December 2010 to March 2015 search terms were Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, stress cardiomyopathy, transient-left-ventricular ballooning syndrome, ampulla cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome, OR broken heart syndrome; together with "iatrogenic", "drug-induced", OR "induced by". Publications limited to English, Spanish, and French, in humans, and with full texts were retrieved. Articles that recognized any drug as a possible trigger of TCM were selected.
  
  
  
  Overall, 405 different references were retrieved and 67 were selected (62 case reports and 5 case series) involving 78 patient cases with TCM possibly associated to drugs were reviewed. At total of 44 drugs were recognized as possible drug-induced TCM, mainly with sympathetic effect, and 37 (84.1%) were different to those 20 identified in the 2011 review; therefore, a list of 57 drugs associated to TCM was obtained.
  
  
  
  There are new case reports that linked drug-use with the development of TCM. The list of 57 drugs obtained is principally integrated by drugs that generate sympathetic overstimulation. Consequently, the recommendation "drug-induced TCM would be considered in patients with TCM, particularly those in which no clear emotional or stress trigger could be identified" is endorsed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Research Group on Pharmaceutical Promotion and Prevention, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. pedro.amariless@udea.edu.co.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amariles
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cifuentes
mesh_terms: D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics