title: Recent achievements in stem cell-mediated myelin repair.
abstract: Following the establishment of a number of successful immunomodulatory treatments for multiple sclerosis, current research focuses on the repair of existing damage.
  
  
  
  Promotion of regeneration is particularly important for demyelinated areas with degenerated or functionally impaired axons of the central nervous system's white and gray matter. As the protection and generation of new oligodendrocytes is a key to the re-establishment of functional connections, adult oligodendrogenesis and myelin reconstitution processes are of primary interest. Moreover, understanding, supporting and promoting endogenous repair activities such as mediated by resident oligodendroglial precursor or adult neural stem cells are currently thought to be a promising approach toward the development of novel regenerative therapies.
  
  
  
  This review summarizes recent developments and findings related to pharmacological myelin repair as well as to the modulation/application of stem cells with the aim to restore defective myelin sheaths.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany bSorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1127, ICM-GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière cInserm U1127, F-75013 dCNRS UMR7225, F-75013 eAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière and Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Janusz Joachim
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jadasz
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lubetzki
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zalc
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stankoff
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Küry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009186:Myelin Sheath; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation