title: Prevention of hormonal breast cancer by dietary jamun.
abstract: Syzygium cumini (jamun) is perhaps the only berry that has the diversity of anthocyanidins of blueberry and bilberry and the abundance of ellagitannins/ellagic acid of black raspberry. Here, we report the potential of jamun against 17β-estrogen-mediated breast cancer and the role of miRNAs and other targets in disease inhibition.
  
  
  
  Female August-Copenhagen Irish rats were given AIN-93M diet or diet supplemented with jamun. Two weeks later, animals received 17β-estradiol and were palpated weekly for the mammary tumors. At the end of 26 weeks, the jamun-diet significantly delayed the first tumor appearance by 21 days, and reduced the tumor incidence (65% versus 96%), tumor burden (313 ± 95 versus 661 ± 123 mm(3) ) and tumor multiplicity (1.8 ± 0.3 versus 4.2 ± 0.4 tumors/rat) compared to control. The experimental diet significantly reduced the estrogen-associated growth of pituitary prolactinomas, circulating prolactin and estradiol levels and offset estrogen-associated increases in mammary cell-proliferation, estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α), and cyclinD1. miRNAs that were either overexpressed (miR-182 and miR-375) or underexpressed (miR-127 and miR-206) following estrogen-treatment were significantly protected by jamun diet.
  
  
  
  Together, our data show that jamun significantly offset estrogen-mediated alterations in mammary cell-proliferation, ER-α, cyclinD1, and candidate miRNAs, and that the modulation of these biomarkers correlated with a reduction in mammary carcinogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.|James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Farrukh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aqil
authors.affiliation: James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeyaprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeyabalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.|James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Munagala
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, India.
authors.forename: Inder Pal
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.|Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Ramesh C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000633:toxicity; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; C530106:Ccnd1 protein, rat; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; C577631:MIRN182 microRNA, rat; C574979:MIRN375 microRNA, rat; D035683:MicroRNAs; C544526:Mirn127 microRNA, rat; D028321:Plant Preparations; C522220:mirn206 microRNA, rat; D019938:Cyclin D1; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: ACI rats; Breast cancer; Estradiol; Jamun pulp; miRNAs