title: Functional and morphological alterations of the urinary bladder in type 2 diabetic FVB(db/db) mice.
abstract: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) has been extensively studied in animal models of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to examine the functional and morphological alterations of the urinary bladder in a type 2 diabetes model, FVB(db/db) mice.
  
  
  
  FVB(db/db) mice and age-matched FVB/NJ control mice were tested at either 12, 24 or 52weeks of age. Body weight, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured. Bladder function was assessed by measurement of 24-h urination behavior and conscious cystometry. Bladder was harvested for Masson's Trichrome staining and morphometric analysis.
  
  
  
  The body weights of FVB(db/db) mice were twice as those of FVB/NJ control mice. The blood glucose and HbA1c levels were higher in FVB(db/db) mice at 12 and 24weeks, but not at 52weeks. A significant increase in the mean volume per void, but decrease in the voiding frequency, in FVB(db/db) mice was observed. Cystometry evaluation showed increased bladder capacity, voided volume, and peak micturition pressure in FVB(db/db) mice compared with FVB/NJ mice. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the areas of detrusor muscle and urothelium in FVB(db/db) mice. In addition, some FVB(db/db) mice, especially males at 12 and 24weeks, showed small-volume voiding during 24-h urination behavior measurement, and detrusor overactivity in the cystometry measurement.
  
  
  
  The FVB(db/db) mouse, displaying DBD characterized by not only increased bladder capacity, void volume, and micturition pressure, but also bladder overactivity, is a useful model to further investigate the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes-related bladder dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PRC.
authors.forename: Liyang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PRC.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PRC.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PRC.
authors.forename: Yexiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kavran
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rania A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Elrashidy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PRC.
authors.forename: Mingshuai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Firouz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daneshgari
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: guiming.liu@case.edu.
authors.forename: Guiming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001786:Blood Glucose; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D009929:Organ Size; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Bladder; Detrusor overactivity; FVB(db/db) mice; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes