title: [Short introduction to the history of otorhinolaryngology and craniofacial surgery].
abstract: OHNS is a medical specialty born at the end of the 19th century. It is the congruence of otology and laryngology, rapidly associated with rhinology. It went through three chronological steps: construction in the second part of the 19th century, consolidation in the first part of 20th century and extension in the second part of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century. Scientifically, OHNS was set out into five partially layered phases: bedside teaching, introduction of anatomopathology, invention of clinic experiments, expansion of surgery, and use of highly technological advances. The increase of knowledge became progressively exponential due to concomitant progress. It lead to a renewal of the subdivision of the specialty into otology, rhinology, laryngology, head and neck surgery, pediatric OHNS, otoneurology, facioplastic surgery, and phoniatry in the last decades of the 20th century.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mudry
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000266:history*