title: Nitrogen and carbon removal efficiency of a polyvinyl alcohol gel based moving bed biofilm reactor system.
abstract: In this study, the effectiveness of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads in treating domestic wastewater was investigated: a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) configuration (oxic-anoxic and oxic) with 10% filling fraction of biomass carriers was operated in a continuously fed regime at temperatures of 25, 20, 15 and 6 °C with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 32 h, 18 h, 12 h and 9 h, respectively. Influent loadings were in the range of 0.22-1.22 kg N m(-3) d(-1) (total nitrogen (TN)), 1.48-7.82 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m(-3) d(-1) (organic) and 0.12-0.89 kg NH4(+)-N m(-3)d(-1) (ammonia nitrogen). MBBR performance resulted in the maximum TN removal rate of 1.22 kg N m(-3) d(-1) when the temperature and HRT were 6 °C and 9 h, respectively. The carbon removal rate at this temperature and HRT was 6.82 kg COD m(-3) d(-1). Ammonium removal rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.75 kg NH4(+)-N m(-3) d(-1) during the study. Total phosphorus and suspended solid removal efficiency ranged from 84 to 98% and 85 to 94% at an influent concentration of 3.3-7.1 mg/L and 74-356 mg/L, respectively. The sludge wasted from the MBBR exhibited light weight features characterized by sludge volume index value of 185 mL/g. Experimental data obtained can be useful in further developing the concept of PVA gel based wastewater treatment systems.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee Uttrakhand 247667, India E-mail: khalidmzml@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid Muzamil
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gani
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee Uttrakhand 247667, India E-mail: khalidmzml@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jasdeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee Uttrakhand 247667, India E-mail: khalidmzml@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nitin Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee Uttrakhand 247667, India E-mail: khalidmzml@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muntjeer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Kuraray India Private Limited, New Delhi 110017, India.
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee Uttrakhand 247667, India E-mail: khalidmzml@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kazmi
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical