title: Cognitive Impairment Among the Aging Population in a Community in Southwest Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular risk models can be quite informative in assisting the clinician to make a prediction of an individual's risk of cognitive impairment. Thus, a simple marker is a priority for low-capacity settings. This study examines the association of selected simple to deploy vascular markers with cognitive impairment in an elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study assessed the cognitive functions of older persons 65 years and older in southwest Nigeria. Vascular parameters and risk factors were also measured. Analysis was done using SPSS, and logistic regression was used to explore the association between cognitive impairment and certain vascular risk factors such as elevated blood pressure, diabetes, and pulse pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population comprised 623 participants (29.1% men) with mean age 73 ± 8.9 years. Having mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure in the fourth quartiles (27% and 29.9%, respectively) was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (p= .001,p< .001). Predicted cardiovascular risks of 10% or more was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (p< .001). After adjusting for age, gender, educational level, and years of smoking, those with MAP in the fourth quartile were up to 3 times more likely to have cognitive impairment compared to those within the first quartile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that among elderly Nigerians, MAPs of 114 mmHg and more was an independent predictor of cognitive impairment. This is a simple measure that is available in low-capacity areas.
authors.affiliation: University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria adebiyi20012002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Akindele O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Adebiyi
authors.affiliation: University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adesola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogunniyi
authors.affiliation: University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Babatunde A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Adediran
authors.affiliation: University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olaide O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Olakehinde
authors.affiliation: University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akeem A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Siwoku
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: cognitive impairment; dementia; mean arterial pressure; old people; vascular marker