title: ANALYSIS ON THE VARIATION OF MEDIAL ROTATION VALUES ACCORDING TO THE POSITION OF THE HUMERAL DIAPHYSIS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the validity of measurements of medial rotation (MR) of the shoulder, using vertebral levels, according to the variation in the position of the humeral diaphysis, and to test the bi-goniometer as a new measuring instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  140 shoulders (70 patients) were prospectively evaluated in cases presenting unilateral shoulder MR limitation. The vertebral level was evaluated by means of a visual scale and was correlated with the angle obtained according to the position of the humeral diaphysis, using the bi-goniometer developed with the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Mackenzie University.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum vertebral level reached through MR on the unaffected side ranged from T3 to T12, and on the affected side, from T6 to the trochanter. Repositioning of the affected limb in MR according to the angular values on the normal side showed that 57.13% of the patients reached lower levels, between the sacrum, gluteus and trochanter. From analysis on the maximum vertebral level attained and the variation between the affected angle x (frontal plane: abduction and MR of the shoulder) and the unaffected angle x in MR, we observed that the greater the angle of the diaphyseal axis was, the lower the variation in the vertebral level attained was. From evaluating the linear correlation between the variables of difference in maximum vertebral level reached and variation in the affected angle y (extension and abduction of the shoulder) and the unaffected angle y in MR, we observed that there was no well-established linear relationship between these variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of MR using vertebral levels does not correspond to the real values, since it varies according to the positioning of the humeral diaphysis.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor and Head of the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Naoki
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor and Attending Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fregoneze
authors.affiliation: Attending Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Doneux
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Attending Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Andrade
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Attending Physician in the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: do Val Sella
authors.affiliation: Trainee in the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Trainee in the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taís Stedile
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Busin Giora
authors.affiliation: Adjunct Professor, Academic Consultant and Member of the Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio Luiz
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Checchia
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Course, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raia
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Course, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hélio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pekelman
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Course, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cymrot
keywords: Articular, Goniometry; Range of Motion, Articular; Rotation; Shoulder Joint