title: The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Temperament and Personality Questionnaire for patients with non-melancholic depression.
abstract: Parker et al. (2006) proposed a new approach to classify specific sub-types of non-melancholic depression caused by various stress factors and premorbid personality styles: the Temperament and Personality Questionnaire (T&P). The current study aim was to develop the Japanese version of the T&P and evaluate its reliability and validity.
  
  
  
  We studied 114 patients with non-melancholic depression. Reliability was assessed using the test-retest method. Convergent validity of the T&P was compared with the clinician ratings of each patient for the eight personality traits. We also assessed the impact of depressive state on the T&P.
  
  
  
  The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients among eight constructs of the T&P ranged from 0.77 to 0.89, indicating good-to-excellent reliability. Anxious Worrying (rho=0.29), Perfectionism (rho=0.17), Personal Reserve (rho=0.18), Irritability (rho=0.38), and Social Avoidance (rho=0.32) showed adequate levels of convergent validity; Rejection Sensitivity (rho=0.16), Self-criticism (rho=-0.02), and Self-focus (rho=0.07) showed relatively weak convergent validity. Perfectionism (rho=-0.06), Social Avoidance (rho=0.17), Anxious Worrying (rho=0.40), Personal Reserve (rho=0.30), Irritability (rho=0.28), Rejection Sensitivity (rho=0.35), Self-criticism (rho=0.49), and Self-focus (rho=0.24) showed minimal sensitivity to mood state effects.
  
  
  
  Only one site was used. While a Likert scale was used, the clinician-rated personality trait measure had not been validated.
  
  
  
  The J-T&P is a reliable and valid measure for assessing temperament and personality in Japanese patients with non-melancholic depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Gunma Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: anakagawa@keio.jp.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: The Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Gunma Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*; D014175:Translating
keywords: Japan; Non-melancholic depression; Psychometrics; Reliability; Temperament and Personality Questionnaire; Validity