title: Bioactivity and Mechanical Stability of 45S5 Bioactive Glass Scaffolds Based on Natural Marine Sponges.
abstract: Bioactive glass (BG) based scaffolds (45S5 BG composition) were developed by the replica technique using natural marine sponges as sacrificial templates. The resulting scaffolds were characterized by superior mechanical properties (compression strength up to 4 MPa) compared to conventional BG scaffolds prepared using polyurethane (PU) packaging foam as a template. This result was ascribed to a reduction of the total scaffold porosity without affecting the pore interconnectivity (>99%). It was demonstrated that the reduction of total porosity did not affect the bioactivity of the BG-based scaffolds, tested by immersion of scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF). After 1 day of immersion in SBF, a homogeneous CaP deposit on the surface of the scaffolds was formed, which evolved over time into carbonate hydroxyapatite (HCA). Moreover, the enhanced mechanical properties of these scaffolds were constant over time in SBF; after an initial reduction of the maximum compressive strength upon 7 days of immersion in SBF (to 1.2 ± 0.2 MPa), the strength values remained almost constant and higher than those of BG-based scaffolds prepared using PU foam (<0.05 MPa). Preliminary cell culture tests with Saos-2 osteoblast cell line, namely direct and indirect tests, demonstrated that no toxic residues remained from the natural marine sponge templates and that cells were able to proliferate on the scaffold surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boccardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philippart
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Melli
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Altomare
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Nardo
authors.affiliation: Applied Science and Technology Department, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novajra
authors.affiliation: Applied Science and Technology Department, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vitale-Brovarone
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramic, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fey
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany. aldo.boccaccini@ww.uni-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boccaccini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Bioactive glass scaffolds; Biocompatibility; Natural marine sponges; Osteoblasts; Simulated body fluid