title: Perinatal exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals reduces female rat follicle reserves and accelerates reproductive aging.
abstract: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during development can have negative consequences later in life. In this study we investigated the effect of perinatal exposure to mixtures of human relevant EDCs on the female reproductive system. Rat dams were exposed to a mixture of phthalates, pesticides, UV-filters, bisphenol A, butylparaben, as well as paracetamol. The compounds were tested together (Totalmix) or in subgroups with anti-androgenic (AAmix) or estrogenic (Emix) potentials. Paracetamol was tested separately. In pre-pubertal rats, a significant reduction in primordial follicle numbers was seen in AAmix and PM groups, and reduced plasma levels of prolactin was seen in AAmix. In one-year-old animals, the incidence of irregular estrous cycles was higher after Totalmix-exposure and reduced ovary weights were seen in Totalmix, AAmix, and PM groups. These findings resemble premature ovarian insufficiency in humans, and raises concern regarding potential effects of mixtures of EDCs on female reproductive function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hanna Katarina Lilith
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pernille Rosenskjold
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hass
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Svingen
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vinggaard
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Louise Krag
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Isling
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Axelstad
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark. Electronic address: jubo@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D046468:Sexual Development / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: Anti-androgen; Endocrine disruption; Estrous cycle; Female reproductive system; Follicle; Ovarian toxicology; Reproductive senescence