title: Evaluation of serum vitamin D levels in patients with X syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac X syndrome is defined in patients with normal coronary angiogram who has typical chest pain and objective myocardial ischemia evidence. Recent studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D deficiency (vit D def) and cardiovascular diseases. Our aim of this study was to compare serum vit D levels in patients with syndrome X and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 66 patients (49 women, 17 men) with syndrome X and 47 (30 women, 17 men) healthy controls. All of the patients' demographic features, laboratory analysis and medications are recorded. Vit D is measured quantitatively by paramagnetic particle chemiluminescence method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the syndrome X group was higher than controls (56 ± 9.2 vs. 49 ± 9.6 years p < 0.001). Body mass index was higher in the patient group than controls (31.2 ± 5.6 vs. 29.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2 p: 0.011). Vit D levels were significantly lower in the syndrome X group than controls (6 ± 5.2 vs. 11.9 ± 7 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Parathormone levels were significantly higher in the syndrome X group than the control group (38.3 ± 23.4 vs. 28 ± 17.2 pg/ml, p: 0.014). hsCRP levels were higher in the syndrome X group than controls (3.1 ± 5.4 vs. 1.8 ± 2.4 mg/L, p: 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated significantly lower vit D levels in patients with CSX. This finding is correlated with previous studies showing an inverse correlation with lower serum vit D levels and different types of cardiovascular diseases. Vit D def may be a risk factor for syndrome X. Vit D def related increased inflammation may lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction and microvascular angina.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Dr. Sadi Konuk Bakırkoy Education and Research Hospital, Bakırkoy, Istanbul, Turkey. nhnturhan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Turhan Caglar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ungan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ksanski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Opan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Çiftçi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kural
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akturk
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karakaya
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D