title: RETRACTED: Sophocarpine displays anti-inflammatory effect via inhibiting TLR4 and TLR4 downstream pathways on LPS-induced mastitis in the mammary gland of mice.
abstract: Mastitis is defined as the inflammation of the mammary gland. LPS, which is widely used to induce mastitis models for the study of this disease, triggers similar inflammation as Escherichia coli. Sophocarpine, isolated from Sophora alopecuroides L., exhibits multiple biological properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of sophocarpine on mastitis within an LPS-induced mouse model. ELISA and western blotting were performed to detect protein levels. The qPCR was performed to detect mRNA levels. The ELISA and qRT-PCR results showed that sophocarpine inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. However, sophocarpine suppressed TLR4 expression. Further study showed that sophocarpine could suppress the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65 and p38. These results confirm that sophocarpine played an anti-inflammatory role in LPS-induced mastitis by regulating TLR4 and the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in mammary gland tissues. Therefore, sophocarpine may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of mastitis.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dehai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Niannian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenbiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ganzhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: guomy1985@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Mengyao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008413:Mastitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D029909:Sophora / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000093842:Matrines
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; C035933:sophocarpine; D000093842:Matrines
keywords: Mastitis; Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); Sophocarpine; Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); p38