title: Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides.
abstract: The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides, on Mycotoxin Synthetic medium. Plates treated with 0.5 mM of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25 °C. Fungal biomass of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. However, biosynthesis of T-2 toxin by F. langsethiae was significantly reduced by chlorogenic (23.1%) and ferulic (26.5%) acids. Production of T-2 by F. sporotrichioides also decreased with ferulic acid by 23% (p < 0.05). In contrast, p-coumaric acid significantly stimulated the production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins for both strains. A kinetic study of F. langsethiae with 1 mM ferulic acid showed a significant decrease in fungal biomass, whereas T-2 production increased after 10 days of incubation. The study of gene expression in ferulic supplemented cultures of F. langsethiae revealed a significant inhibition for Tri5, Tri6 and Tri12 genes, while for Tri16 the decrease in gene expression was not statistically significant. Overall, results indicated that phenolic acids had a variable effect on fungal growth and mycotoxin production, depending on the strain and the concentration and type of phenolic acid assayed.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, c/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. eferruz@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferruz
authors.affiliation: MycSA, INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d´Ornon cedex, France. vatanaso@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Vessela
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Atanasova-Pénichon
authors.affiliation: MycSA, INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d´Ornon cedex, France. Marie-Noelle.Verdal@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Noëlle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bonnin-Verdal
authors.affiliation: MycSA, INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d´Ornon cedex, France. Gisele.Marchegay@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Gisèle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchegay
authors.affiliation: MycSA, INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d´Ornon cedex, France. lpinson@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Laëtitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinson-Gadais
authors.affiliation: MycSA, INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d´Ornon cedex, France. christine.ducos@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ducos
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, c/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. sloran@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorán
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, c/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. aarino@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ariño
authors.affiliation: MycSA, INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d´Ornon cedex, France. cbarreau@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barreau
authors.affiliation: MycSA, INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d´Ornon cedex, France. fforget@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richard-Forget
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011422:Propionates; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D011422:Propionates; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C004999:ferulic acid; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C017616:phenolic acid; C495469:p-coumaric acid; C012351:HT-2 toxin; C040048:caffeic acid
keywords: Fusarium langsethiae; Fusarium sporotrichioides; Tri gene; phenolic acid; type A trichothecene