title: Noninvasive Imaging to Evaluate Women With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.
abstract: Declines in cardiovascular deaths have been dramatic for men but occur significantly less in women. Among patients with symptomatic ischemic heart disease (IHD), women experience relatively worse outcomes compared with their male counterparts. Evidence to date has failed to adequately explore unique female imaging targets and their correlative signs and symptoms of IHD as major determinants of IHD risk. We highlight sex-specific anatomic and functional differences in contemporary imaging and introduce imaging approaches that leverage refined targets that may improve IHD risk prediction and identify potential therapeutic strategies for symptomatic women.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Baldassarre
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Subha V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Hofstra Northshore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mieres
authors.affiliation: The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Nanette K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.affiliation: Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Marwick
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucciarelli-Ducci
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: C Noel
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bairey Merz
authors.affiliation: Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian Hospital, Newport Beach, California.
authors.forename: Dipti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Itchhaporia
authors.affiliation: Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Keith C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ferdinand
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pepine
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Mary Norine
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: lshaw3@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Leslee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: imaging; prognosis; sex; women