title: The influence of locally applied granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on osteoporotic bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The compromised capacity of bone healing in osteoporotic population renders a serious concern of patients and clinicians. This study aimed to investigate the influence of G-CSF on bone reconstruction using an osteoporotic animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty skeletal mature female Spraque-Dawley rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and were assigned into three groups (n = 20). Three months after OVX, defects of 5 mm in cranial and 2 mm in femur were surgically created on all the animals. The defects were left unfilled, filled with gelatin sponge (GS), or filled with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) infused GS. Specimens were retrieved for histomorphometric and micro-CT analyses at weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12 after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At early stage of week 1 to week 8, the histomorphometric and micro-CT analysis demonstrated more advanced bone formation in femur in the control group; by week 12, all groups achieved cortical closure. In cranial bone, more advanced bone formation was exhibited in G-CSF-treated group at both early and late stages, although this observation was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that in osteoporotic bone, G-CSF may advance bone healing in cranial bone where spontaneous bone formation was insufficient.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.|Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Tissue Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xi Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Nian Jing
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Weijia William
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Li Wu
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: bone defect; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; osteoporosis; ovariectomy; rat