title: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chaenomeles sinensis Leaf Extracts on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells.
abstract: The fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis has been traditionally used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various human ailments, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and so on, but the pharmacological applications of the leaf part of the plant have not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the various radical scavenging activities and anti-inflammatory effects of different Chaenomeles sinensis leaf (CSL) extracts. The water extract showed a higher antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. However the ethanolic extracts showed higher NO scavenging activity than water extract, therefore the ethanolic extract of CSL was examined for anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The 70% ethanol extract of CSL (CSLE) has higher anti-inflammatory activity and significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, CSLE suppressed LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO production, IL-1β and phospho-STAT1 expression. In this study, we investigated the effect of CSLE on the production of inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of the TRIF-dependent pathways. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of CSLE on LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Our results suggest that CSLE attenuates the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in macrophages through regulating the key inflammatory mechanisms, providing scientific support for its traditional uses in treating various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea. thwk00@naver.com.
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. kimyonsuk@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yon-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. nsboopathy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sithranga Boopathy
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea. wskim@silla.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won-Suk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. croucard@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. hidingkking@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Nam-Joo
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea. jhjeong@ut.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. moon0204@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. hannokwon@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byong-Tae
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. parkpj@kku.ac.kr.|Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea. parkpj@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Pyo-Jam
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Chaenomeles sinensis leaf; RAW 264.7 cells; STAT1; TRIF-dependent pathways; anti-inflammatory