title: Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus in Skeletally Immature Population: A Critical Analysis of the Available Evidence.
abstract: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the talus (JOCDT) is a subchondral bone alteration and a partially or completely detached osteochondral fragment, affecting skeletally immature patients. A review of the English literature on PubMed was conducted. Conservative treatment was applied in patients up to Berndt-Harty stage III. Surgical indications were conservative management failure and loose bodies. The most performed procedures were drilling, subchondral bone grafting, fragment fixation, or excision. High rate of clinical success were achieved, whereas radiographic results were much lower. None of the surgical options demonstrated to be superior. Future long-term qualitative studies focusing on chondral tissue restoration are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, Level IV.
authors.affiliation: I Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buda
authors.affiliation: I Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Gherardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagliazzi
authors.affiliation: I Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy francescocastagnini@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castagnini
authors.affiliation: I Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.affiliation: I Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D001915:Braces; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007594:Joint Loose Bodies / Q000601:surgery; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010008:Osteochondritis Dissecans / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D013628:Talus / Q000601:surgery
keywords: conservative management; osteochondritis dissecans; pediatric population; skeletally immature population; treatment guidelines