title: Detection of Early Tumor Response to Axitinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) in measuring early tumor response of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to axitinib. Twenty patients were enrolled (aged 18-78 y; median 65). DCE-US was performed with bolus injection and infusion/disruption replenishment. Median overall survival was 7.1 mo (1.8-27.3) and progression free survival was 3.6 mo (1.8-17.4). Fifteen patients completed infusion scans and 12 completed bolus scans at 2 wk. Among the perfusion parameters, fractional blood volume at infusion (INFBV) decreased at 2 wk in 10/15 (16%-81% of baseline, mean 47%) and increased in 5/15 (116%-535%, mean 220%). This was not significantly associated with progression free survival (p = 0.310) or progression at 16 wk (p = 0.849), but was borderline statistically significant (p = 0.050) with overall survival, limited by a small sample size. DCE-US is potentially useful in measuring early tumor response of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to axitinib, but a larger trial is needed.
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Radiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Glen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Zahrani
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Mairéad G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandel
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Korosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rogalla
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: taekyoung.kim@uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Tae Kyoung
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000077784:Axitinib; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003287:Contrast Media; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007093:Imidazoles; D007191:Indazoles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000077784:Axitinib
keywords: Axitinib; Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver Neoplasms; Perfusion; Tumor response