title: Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients.
abstract: Previous trials have shown that among high-risk patients with aortic stenosis, survival rates are similar with transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic-valve replacement. We evaluated the two procedures in a randomized trial involving intermediate-risk patients.
  
  
  
  We randomly assigned 2032 intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, at 57 centers, to undergo either TAVR or surgical replacement. The primary end point was death from any cause or disabling stroke at 2 years. The primary hypothesis was that TAVR would not be inferior to surgical replacement. Before randomization, patients were entered into one of two cohorts on the basis of clinical and imaging findings; 76.3% of the patients were included in the transfemoral-access cohort and 23.7% in the transthoracic-access cohort.
  
  
  
  The rate of death from any cause or disabling stroke was similar in the TAVR group and the surgery group (P=0.001 for noninferiority). At 2 years, the Kaplan-Meier event rates were 19.3% in the TAVR group and 21.1% in the surgery group (hazard ratio in the TAVR group, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.09; P=0.25). In the transfemoral-access cohort, TAVR resulted in a lower rate of death or disabling stroke than surgery (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.00; P=0.05), whereas in the transthoracic-access cohort, outcomes were similar in the two groups. TAVR resulted in larger aortic-valve areas than did surgery and also resulted in lower rates of acute kidney injury, severe bleeding, and new-onset atrial fibrillation; surgery resulted in fewer major vascular complications and less paravalvular aortic regurgitation.
  
  
  
  In intermediate-risk patients, TAVR was similar to surgical aortic-valve replacement with respect to the primary end point of death or disabling stroke. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; PARTNER 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01314313.).
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Raj R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Makkar
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Lars G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Susheel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kodali
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Vinod H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Thourani
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: E Murat
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: D Craig
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Howard C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Darshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Augusto D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pichard
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Babaliaros
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Wilson Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Mathew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kereiakes
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zajarias
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Greason
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Whisenant
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hodson
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trento
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pibarot
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Rebecca T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Wael A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Jaber
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alu
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center (M.B.L., C.R.S., S.K.K., D.D., J.W.M., R.T.H., M.C.A.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano, TX (M.J.M., D.L.B.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and independent consultant (W.N.A.), Lake Forest - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (L.G.S., E.M.T., S.K., W.A.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (V.H.T., V.B.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City (D.J.C.), and Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.) - both in Missouri; Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.D.P.); HCA Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.D.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Hospital, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Laval University, Quebec, QC (P.P.), and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.) - both in Canada.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; D014463:Ultrasonography