title: Incidence of Delirium Among Patients Having Cancer Injected With Different Opioids for the First Time.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the risk of drug-induced delirium, it is difficult to avoid the use of opioids in palliative care. However, no previous study has carefully investigated how the development of delirium varies among patients injected with different opioids for the first time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To reveal the difference in the incidence of delirium between different opioids.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of delirium was compared among 114 patients who had started morphine, oxycodone, or fentanyl injection at Shizuoka Cancer Center between June 2012 and September 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of delirium was 28.9% in the morphine group (n = 38), 19.5% in the oxycodone group (n = 41), and 8.6% in the fentanyl group (n = 35). There was a significant difference between the morphine and fentanyl groups (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.04) but not between the morphine and oxycodone groups (P = 0.43) nor between the oxycodone and fentanyl groups (P = 0.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of delirium after the commencement of fentanyl injection was significantly lower, suggesting that fentanyl is a useful opioid injection drug from the perspective of delirium risk.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shino
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psycho-Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: 3 Clinical Research Promotion Unit of Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: 3 Clinical Research Promotion Unit of Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omae
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Palliative Medicine, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Osaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000072716:Cancer Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D010098:Oxycodone; D005283:Fentanyl
keywords: delirium; fentanyl; introduction; morphine; opioid injection drugs; oxycodone