title: Satkara (Citrus macroptera) Fruit Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats.
abstract: Although Citrus macroptera (Rutaceae), an indigenous fruit in Bangladesh, has long been used in folk medicine, however, there is a lack of information concerning its protective effects against oxidative damage. The protective effects of an ethanol extract of Citrus macroptera (EECM) against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were investigated in rats. Rats (treatment groups) were pretreated with EECM at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively, orally for 30 days followed by acetaminophen administration. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered as a standard drug over a similar treatment period. Our findings indicated that oral administration of acetaminophen induced severe hepatic and renal injuries associated with oxidative stress, as observed by 2-fold higher lipid peroxidation (TBARS) compared to control. Pretreatment with EECM prior to acetaminophen administration significantly improved all investigated biochemical parameters, that is, transaminase activities, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase activities and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium and chloride ions, and TBARS levels. These findings were confirmed by histopathological examinations. The improvement was prominent in the group that received 1000 mg/kg EECM. These findings suggested that C. macroptera fruit could protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatonephrotoxicity, which might be via the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Aminul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono University, Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tanvir
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Sagarika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nur-E-Noushin
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rumpa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Sakib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hossen
authors.affiliation: Dhaka Children Hospital and Bangladesh Institute of Children Health (BCIH), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mashud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siew Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Ibrahim
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khalil