title: Multi-channel beam-scanning imaging at kHz frame rates by Lissajous trajectory microscopy.
abstract: A beam-scanning microscope based on Lissajous trajectory imaging is described for achieving streaming 2D imaging with continuous frame rates up to 1.4 kHz. The microscope utilizes two fast-scan resonant mirrors to direct the optical beam on a circuitous trajectory through the field of view. By separating the full Lissajous trajectory time-domain data into sub-trajectories (partial, undersampled trajectories) effective frame-rates much higher than the repeat time of the Lissajous trajectory are achieved with many unsampled pixels present. A model-based image reconstruction (MBIR) 3D in-painting algorithm is then used to interpolate the missing data for the unsampled pixels to recover full images. The MBIR algorithm uses a maximum a posteriori estimation with a generalized Gaussian Markov random field prior model for image interpolation. Because images are acquired using photomultiplier tubes or photodiodes, parallelization for multi-channel imaging is straightforward. Preliminary results show that when combined with the MBIR in-painting algorithm, this technique has the ability to generate kHz frame rate images across 6 total dimensions of space, time, and polarization for SHG, TPEF, and confocal reflective birefringence data on a multimodal imaging platform for biomedical imaging. The use of a multi-channel data acquisition card allows for multimodal imaging with perfect image overlay. Image blur due to sample motion was also reduced by using higher frame rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Shane Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 465 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Suhas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sreehari
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 465 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bouman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Garth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
keywords: Lissajous; beam-scanning; image interpolation; multi-channel; nonlinear optics; second harmonic generation; two-photon excited fluorescence