title: Using Chemoattractants to Lure Bacteria to Contact-Killing Surfaces.
abstract: Antimicrobial surfaces with covalently attached biocidal functionalities only kill microbes that come into direct contact with the surfaces (contact-killing surfaces). Herein, the activity of contact-killing surfaces is shown to be enhanced by using gradients in the concentration of soluble chemoattractants (CAs) to attract bacteria to the surfaces. Two natural and nonbiocidal CAs (aspartate and glucose) were used to attract bacteria to model surfaces decorated with quaternary ammonium groups (known to kill bacteria that come into contact with them). These results demonstrate the killing of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, two common pathogens, at levels 10- to 20-times greater than that of the native surfaces alone. This approach is general and provides new strategies for the design of active or dynamic contact-killing surfaces with enhanced antimicrobial activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Rishabh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Faith
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milkowski
authors.affiliation: Bemis Company, Inc., 2301 Industrial Drive, Neenah, WI, 54956, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Bemis Company, Inc., 2301 Industrial Drive, Neenah, WI, 54956, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Busche
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Czuprynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. abbott@engr.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Nicholas L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Abbott
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C018408:3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecylammonium; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D012825:Silicon
keywords: antimicrobial agents; bacteria; chemoattractants; surface chemistry