title: Rhabdomyolysis in adolescent athletes: review of cases.
abstract: Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by muscle pain, weakness and myoglobinuria and ranges in severity from asymptomatic to life threatening with acute kidney failure. While a common condition in adult populations, it is understudied in pediatrics and the majority of adolescent cases are likely exercise-induced, caused by strenuous exercise in athletes. Recently, in our pediatric sports medicine practice, we have seen numerous cases of late adolescent high school athletes who present with severe muscle pain and were found to have elevated creatine kinase levels. The cases review potential contributing factors including characteristics of the workout, use of supplements, caffeine, medication, and metabolic or genetic predisposition. Treatment for exercised-induced rhabdomyolysis rarely requires more than rehydration. Return to play should be progressive, individualized, and include acclimatization and monitoring of hydration status, though guidelines require further review.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA.|b Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA.|b Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Neerav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA.|b Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000068958:Return to Sport; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Rhabdomyolysis; adolescent; athletes; exercise; risk factors; sports medicine