title: Relationship of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism with Various Factors of Pain Processing: Subjective Experience, Motor Responsiveness and Catastrophizing.
abstract: Although serotonin is known to play an important role in pain processing, the relationship between the polymorphism in 5-HTTLPR and pain processing is not well understood. To examine the relationship more comprehensively, various factors of pain processing having putative associations with 5-HT functioning were studied, namely the subjective pain experience (pain threshold, rating of experimental pain), catastrophizing about pain (Pain Catastrophizing Scale = PCS) and motor responsiveness (facial expression of pain). In 60 female and 67 male participants, heat pain stimuli were applied by a contact thermode to assess pain thresholds, supra-threshold ratings and a composite score of pain-relevant facial responses. Participants also completed the PCS and were grouped based on their 5-HTTLPR genotype (bi-allelic evaluation) into a group with s-allele carriers (ss, sl) and a second group without (ll). S-allele carriers proved to have lower pain thresholds and higher PCS scores. These two positive findings were unrelated to each other. No other difference between genotype groups became significant. In all analyses, "age" and "gender" were controlled for. In s-allele carriers the subjective pain experience and the tendency to catastrophize about pain was enhanced, suggesting that the s-allele might be a risk factor for the development and maintenance of pain. This risk factor seems to act via two independent routes, namely via the sensory processes of subjective pain experiences and via the booster effects of pain catastrophizing.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Geriatrics Section, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Physiological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.affiliation: Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.affiliation: Physiological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karmann
authors.affiliation: Physiological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lautenbacher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000235:genetics; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000235:genetics*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins