title: Immunopathologic Assessment of PTEN Expression.
abstract: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an excellent technique used routinely to define the phenotype in pathology laboratories through the analysis of molecular expression in cells and tissues. The PTEN protein is ubiquitously expressed in the majority of human tissues, and allelic or complete loss of PTEN is frequently observed in different types of malignancies leading to an activation of the AKT/mTOR pathways. IHC-based analyses are best to determine the level of PTEN expression in histological samples, but not to assess partial or heterozygous deletions, for which FISH analyses are more appropriate. Interpretation of the IHC results is the most critical point in the assessment of PTEN expression, since it is used both as a prognostic factor and as a tool to guide therapeutic intervention and response to therapy. Importantly, analyses of well-known downstream markers, such as AKT or mTOR, may be used to further analyze PTEN functional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castillo-Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Tin Htwe
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Thin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collazo Lorduy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA. carlos.cordon-cardo@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordon-Cardo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: Cultured cells; Formalin-fixed tissue samples; Fresh-frozen tissue samples; Immunofluorescence; Immunohistochemistry; PTEN protocol