title: Gene Expression of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on Titanium Dental Implant Surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study shows how the influence of titanium surfaces on human mesenchymal stem cells differentiates toward osteocytes lineage and how, after growth, on machined titanium disk or etched titanium disk, changes, in gene expression for RUNX1, CTNNB1, SP7, and DLX5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genes were analyzed by means of quantitative real-time polimerase chain reaction. Osseo genic lineage differentiation was also tested by means of the catenin-β1 immunofluorescence, induced osteoblasts, which represented the internal control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RUNX1 and SP7 expressions in the induced osteoblasts prove to be different, compared with cells cultured on metallic supports. Moreover, the levels of expression of the runt-related transcription factor 1 and the osterix appeared more down-regulated in cells that grew on a machined titanium surface. In the present experimental model, mRNA expression of DLX5 and CTNNB1 in human mesenchymal stem cells, cultured on each of the titanium surfaces, showed no differences, compared with osteoblast-induced cells. The immunofluorescence scores, for protein expression of beta-catenin in human mesenchymal stem cell treated cells, illustrates significantly improved results with the etched surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present results suggested that different titanium surfaces might induce some differences in terms of gene expression. The only gene analyzed, which proved significant differences between the 2 titanium supports, was SP7; however, the other 3 genes indicating the existence of differences between the 2 titanium groups.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa†Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (LU)‡Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental and Maxillofacial Department, University of Verona, Verona§Free practice in Francavilla Fontana||Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toti
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertossi
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marconcini
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: Pier Francesco
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Nocini
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iurlaro
authors.forename: Fortunato
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alfonsi
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Covani
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015921:Dental Implants; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; C100596:DLX5 protein, human; D015921:Dental Implants; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C478163:SP7 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin; D014025:Titanium