title: The Adenosinergic System in Diabetic Retinopathy.
abstract: The neurodegenerative and inflammatory environment that is prevalent in the diabetic eye is a key player in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The adenosinergic system is widely regarded as a significant modulator of neurotransmission and the inflammatory response, through the actions of the four types of adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R), and thus could be revealed as a potential player in the events unfolding in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Herein, we review the studies that explore the impact of diabetic conditions on the retinal adenosinergic system, as well as the role of the said system in ameliorating or exacerbating those conditions. The experimental results described suggest that this system is heavily affected by diabetic conditions and that the modulation of its components could reveal potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the early stages of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vindeirinho
authors.affiliation: CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavadas
authors.affiliation: CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ambrósio
authors.affiliation: CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D000241:Adenosine