title: Broadband noise exposure does not affect hearing sensitivity in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus).
abstract: In many vertebrates, exposure to intense sounds under certain stimulus conditions can induce temporary threshold shifts that reduce hearing sensitivity. Susceptibility to these hearing losses may reflect the relatively quiet environments in which most of these species have evolved. Echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) live in extremely intense acoustic environments in which they navigate and forage successfully, both alone and in company with other bats. We hypothesized that bats may have evolved a mechanism to minimize noise-induced hearing losses that otherwise could impair natural echolocation behaviors. The hearing sensitivity of seven big brown bats was measured in active echolocation and passive hearing tasks, before and after exposure to broadband noise spanning their audiometric range (10-100 kHz, 116 dB SPL re. 20 µPa rms, 1 h duration; sound exposure level 152 dB). Detection thresholds measured 20 min, 2 h or 24 h after exposure did not vary significantly from pre-exposure thresholds or from thresholds in control (sham exposure) conditions. These results suggest that big brown bats may be less susceptible to temporary threshold shifts than are other terrestrial mammals after exposure to similarly intense broadband sounds. These experiments provide fertile ground for future research on possible mechanisms employed by echolocating bats to minimize hearing losses while orienting effectively in noisy biological soundscapes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA Andrea_Simmons@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Andrea Megela
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Kelsey N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Hom
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warnecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001299:Audiometry; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Biosonar; Echolocation; Hearing loss; Noise susceptibility; Temporary threshold shift