title: Reverse Migration of Neutrophils: Where, When, How, and Why?
abstract: Neutrophil migration to injured and pathogen-infected tissues is a fundamental component of innate immunity. An array of cellular and molecular events mediate this response to collectively guide neutrophils out of the vasculature and towards the core of the ensuing inflammatory reaction where they exert effector functions. Advances in imaging modalities have revealed that neutrophils can also exhibit motility away from sites of inflammation and injury, although it is unclear under what circumstances this reverse migration is a physiological protective response, and when it has pathophysiological relevance. Here we review different types of neutrophil reverse migration and discuss the current understanding of the associated mechanisms. In this context we propose clarifications to the existing terminology used to describe the many facets of neutrophil reverse migration.
authors.affiliation: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address: s.nourshargh@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sussan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nourshargh
authors.affiliation: Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. Electronic address: s.a.renshaw@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.affiliation: Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. Electronic address: beat.imhof@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Beat A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Imhof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D057705:Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
keywords: inflammation; innate immunity; neutrophil migration; neutrophils; reverse migration; reverse motility