title: Labeling Human Melanoma Cells With SPIO: In Vitro Observations.
abstract: To use the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent Resovist (±transfection agent) to label human melanoma cells and determine its effects on cellular viability, microstructure, iron quantity, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detectability.
  
  
  
  Human SK-Mel28 melanoma cells were incubated with Resovist (±liposomal transfection agent DOSPER). The cellular iron content was measured, and labeled cells were examined at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. The intracellular and extracellular distributions of the contrast agent were assessed by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  
  The incubation of melanoma cells with SPIO does not interfere with cell viability or proliferation. The iron is located both intracellularly and extracellularly as iron clusters associated with the exterior of the cell membrane. Despite thorough washing, the extracellular SPIO remained associated with the cell membrane. The liposomal transfection agent does not change the maximum achievable cellular iron content but promotes a faster iron uptake. The MRI detectability persists for at least 7 days.
  
  
  
  The transfection agent DOSPER facilitates the efficient labeling of human metastatic melanoma cells with Resovist. Our findings raise the possibility that other Resovist-labeled cells may collect associated extracellular nanoparticles. The SPIO may be available to other iron-handling cells and not completely compartmentalized during the labeling procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg daniel_spira@yahoo.de.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spira
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bantleon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hartwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolburg
authors.affiliation: Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Groezinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, Kiskerstraße 26, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiskirchen
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiesinger
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008545:Melanoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: C118665:1,3-dioleoyloxy-2-(6-carboxyspermyl)propylamide; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides
keywords: SPIO; cell labeling; contrast agent; iron; magnetic resonance imaging