title: Outer Retinal Structural Alternation and Segmentation Errors in Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Patients With a History of Retinopathy of Prematurity.
abstract: To evaluate retinal anatomy and segmentation errors from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging in school-aged children.
  
  
  
  A prospective cohort study in a referral medical center.
  
  
  
  One hundred thirty-three eyes of 133 patients were enrolled. Patients were grouped as those who were treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (ROP-Tx group); those with spontaneously regressed ROP (ROP-non-Tx group); other premature patients (premature group); and full-term age-matched children (full-term group). Anatomy and segmentation errors of retina were evaluated by SD-OCT.
  
  
  
  The mean age at assessment was 9.5 years (range, 4-16 years). The external limiting membrane (ELM) and the cone outer segment tips (COST) line were least frequently identified in patients of the ROP-Tx group (65.2% and 47.8%, P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). The visual acuity of the patients did not correlate significantly with the absence of COST line (P = .140) but correlated with the absence of ELM (P < .001). The presence of artifacts, including misidentification of the inner retina, misidentification of the outer retina, out-of-register artifacts, off-center scans, and degraded scan images, was observed to range from 0.6% to 50.0% in 4 groups of patients. All types of errors occurred more frequently in the ROP-Tx group than in the full-term group (all P < .05).
  
  
  
  Outer retinal abnormalities were commonly observed in the ROP-Tx group. The higher segmentation errors in the ROP-Tx group might be related to fine structural abnormalities in the outer retina. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms for these structural changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsing
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Reyin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chee-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nan-Kai
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: An-Ning
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tun-Lu
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yih-Shiou
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: weichi666@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017679:Cryotherapy; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055214:Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment / Q000473:pathology*; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000592:standards*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology