title: An animal model of detrusor overactivity induced by depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is frequently found in patients suffering from overactive bladder. The aim of the study was to verify whether the 13-cis-retinoic acid, a synthetic retinoid used in the treatment of acne, which was proven to induce depressive changes in both humans and animals, can cause detrusor overactivity symptoms in conscious rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to assess the 13-cis-retinoic acid impact on the behavioural parameters, after 6weeks of intraperitoneal administration of retinoid in a dose of 1mg/kg/day, a forced swim test and cystometry were performed, and the locomotor activity of animals was assessed. The control group received a mixture of DMSO and physiological saline at a 1:1 ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13-cis-retinoic acid caused cystometric parameter changes analogous to those observed in people with a urodynamic diagnosis of detrusor overactivity. The retinoid caused also an extension of the immobility time in the forced swim test which is consistent with increased depression-related behaviour, with no impact on the locomotor activity of rats. The intravenous administration of solifenacin succinate in a single dose of 0.03mg/kg turned out to reverse changes in the cystometric parameters modified by 13-cis-retinoic acid treatment. The histopathological analysis of bladders did not show any lesions in the upper layer of the umbrella cells, urothelium or muscles. The retinoid concentration level achieved in the animals tested turned out to be identical to that occurring in humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  13-cis-retinoic acid can induce detrusor overactivity symptoms that are reversed by solifenacin succinate.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: wrobelandrzej@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rechberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D015474:Isotretinoin; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000069464:Solifenacin Succinate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D064804:Urological Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D064804:Urological Agents; D015474:Isotretinoin; D000069464:Solifenacin Succinate
keywords: 13-cis-Retinoic acid; Cystometry; Depression; Detrusor overactivity; Methods; Rats