title: Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarials in Nigeria. Drugs used were artemisinin, artesunate, chloroquine, coartem and quinine at the final concentrations of 0.5-8.0 mg/mL. Blood samples were collected from malarial patients and apparently healthy humans for comparison. Reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, protein content and lipid peroxidation were determined. All drugs significantly ( p < 0.05) increases the protein level relative to control in normal blood, whereas in the infected, a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction was observed. In normal blood, the antimalarials dose dependently decreased ( p < 0.05) SOD and catalase activities with significant ( p < 0.05) increase in the infected. The level of glutathione in normal blood significantly ( p < 0.05) increases as compared with control, whereas in the infected, similar observation was made except that the levels were less, relative to control sample. Malondialdehyde level significantly ( p < 0.05) increases with increase in drugs concentration even though less than the level in the control with few exceptions. These effects were dose dependent and more pronounced in non-malarial conditions. Commonly used antimalarials might alter the redox status in both healthy and non-healthy subjects thereby inducing oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-7793
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Erukainure
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Malami
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suleiman
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mansir
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Khalil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009549:Nigeria; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials
keywords: Nigeria; Redox status; alteration; antimalarial drugs; blood