title: Effects of dietary Docosahexaenoic, training and acute exercise on lipid mediators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eicosanoids mediate initiation and resolution of inflammation. Our aim was evaluating the effects of training, exercise and docosahexaenoic (DHA) supplementation on plasma eicosanoids levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) eicosanoids production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male footballers were distributed to placebo and experimental groups. Experimental group consumed DHA-enriched beverage (1.16 g DHA/day) for 8 weeks, placebo group consumed a placebo beverage. Blood samples were taken before and after the nutritional intervention in basal conditions and 2 h after acute exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Training increased basal Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) plasma levels and PBMCs cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein levels in both groups, but COX-1 protein levels only in the experimental group. Acute exercise increased plasma PGE2 and PBMCs active NFκβ levels. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs increases eicosanoids production (PGE1, PGE2, RvD1) in both groups and increased LPS-stimulated PBMCs active NFκβ. DHA supplementation increased COX-2 levels but decreased LPS-stimulated PBMCs PGE1 and PGE2 production. Neither DHA supplementation nor acute exercise altered the expression of NFκβ, COX-2, 15-LOX2, 5-LOX, or IL-1β genes in PBMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of PGE1 plasma levels after training promoted systemic anti-inflammatory and vasodilator environment. Exercise and DHA supplementation acted synergistically by increasing plasma PGE2 with anti-inflammatory effects. Exercise primed PBMCs to enhance PGE1, PGE2 and RvD1 production in response to LPS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The project was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT02177383).
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears Spain ; CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBEROBN, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Capó
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears Spain ; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears Spain ; CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBEROBN, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears Spain ; CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBEROBN, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears Spain ; CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBEROBN, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D056352:Athletes; D001628:Beverages; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012916:Soccer; D013030:Spain; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids
keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid; Exercise; Inflammation; Lipid mediators; PGE1; PGE2; RvD1