title: PGA-incorporated collagen: Toward a biodegradable composite scaffold for bone-tissue engineering.
abstract: Nowadays composite scaffolds based on synthetic and natural biomaterials have got attention to increase healing of non-union bone fractures. To this end, different aspects of collagen sponge incorporated with poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fiber were investigated in this study. Collagen solution (6.33 mg/mL) with PGA fibers (collagen/fiber ratio [w/w]: 4.22, 2.11, 1.06, 0.52) was freeze-dried, followed by dehydrothermal cross-linking to obtain collagen sponge incorporating PGA fibers. Properties of scaffold for cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that collagen sponge exhibited an interconnected pore structure with an average pore size of 190 μm, irrespective of PGA fiber incorporation. The collagen-PGA sponge was superior to the original collagen sponge in terms of the initial attachment, proliferation rate, and osteogenic differentiation of the bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSC). The shrinkage of sponges during cell culture was significantly suppressed by fiber incorporation. Incorporation of PGA fiber is a simple and promising way to reinforce collagen sponge without impairing biocompatibility. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2020-2028, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toosi
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hojjat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naderi-Meshkin
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Medical Genetic Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalalinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic and Trauma Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Peivandi
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: HosseinKhani
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Asieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heirani-Tabasi
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirahmadi
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behravan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014867:Water; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D003094:Collagen
keywords: collagen sponge; fiber reinforcement; osteogenic differentiation; poly(glycolic acid); sponge fabrication