title: An Analysis of Neuropeptides at Nasal Contact Points of Patients With Secondary Headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective research study was designed to analyze the surgical outcomes and the intensity of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in contact and noncontact nasal mucosa of patients with headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adults with secondary headache and correctible nasal obstruction were included in this study. The patients had nasal contact points between the nasal septum and the middle or inferior turbinates on nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scan. During surgical procedures, sample tissues were obtained from the nasal contact point and the noncontact area of the lateral nasal wall of these patients. Fluorescein staining intensity for antibodies against SP, NA, and CGRP was analyzed using image J software. Headaches were evaluated using a visual analog scale preoperatively and postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences between the preoperative and the postoperative 3rd month (P < 0.001) and 12th month (P < 0.001) visual analog scale scores were statistically significant. However, fluorescein staining intensity for SP (P = 0.631), NA (P = 0.546), and CGRP (P = 0.683) did not show statistically significant differences between the contact mucosa and the noncontact mucosa groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although in selected patients significant relief of headache can be obtained by surgery, there is no evidence from this study that SP, NA, and CGRP are responsible for the initiation of headache.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otorhinolaryngology†Department of Histology and Embryology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Nureddin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.forename: Oğuzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bulduk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000032:analysis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis*; D014420:Turbinates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P; D015288:Neurokinin A; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide