title: Genetic variations of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 are associated with obesity and impact on single immune traits.
abstract: Changes in genetic variations affecting the taste receptor, type 2, member 38 (TAS2R38) may identify the interacting mechanism leading to obesity and potential associations with proteins partaking in innate immunity, such as surfactant protein D (SPD) and mannan-binding lectin (MBL).
  
  
  
  We evaluated haplotypes of the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 in an identification sample of 210 women in different weight conditions, including anorexia nervosa and obesity. The association with SPD and MBL was tested in an independent sample picturing general population (n = 534). The relationship with obesity was validated in an extended final sample of 1319 participants. In the sample comprised of women in extreme weight conditions, increased obesity was identified in AVI/AVI subjects (OR = 2.5 [1.06-6.11], p = 0.035). In the sample picturing general population, increased SPD and MBL concentrations were found in nonsmoking AVI carriers. In this cohort, smoking and obesity blunted associations between TAS2R38 haplotypes and SPD and MBL. In the extended sample, the association of AVI/AVI haplotypes with increased obesity was also identified (OR = 1.4 [0.99/1.85], p = 0.049), being more robust in subjects aged <40 years (OR = 1.9 [1.06/3.42], p = 0.031).
  
  
  
  Current data reinforce the impact of TAS2R38 gene on phenotypic and clinical outputs affecting obesity, showing significant associations with extreme weight conditions (i.e., obesity and anorexia nervosa), and changes in both olfactory capacity and immune traits.
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Agüera
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabater
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno-Navarrete
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alonso-Ledesma
authors.affiliation: Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xifra
authors.affiliation: Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Botas
authors.affiliation: Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Elías
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Murcia
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fernández-García
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Psychological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Baños
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botella
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frühbeck
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigüez
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Estivill
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casanueva
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Wifredo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
authors.affiliation: CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.|Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Real
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking; D013649:Taste; D055815:Young Adult; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
chemical_list: D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
keywords: Haplotypes; Immune system; Mannose-binding lectin; Metabolism; Obesity; Surfactant protein D; Taste receptor type 2 member 38