title: Pre-clinical Training for New Notes Procedures: From Ex-vivo Models to Virtual Reality Simulators.
abstract: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a newer field of endoscopic surgery that allows for scarless treatment of pathologic entities, using novel transluminal approaches. There has been a shift of focus from a clinical and research standpoint from the development and dissemination of "first-generation" NOTES procedures to "new NOTES" procedures that traverse the mucosa of luminal structures, yet do not stray far into the peritoneal cavity. It has been a challenge to find appropriate and effective ways to train gastroenterologists and surgeons in these novel approaches. We review the importance of simulation in training and discuss available simulation options.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Suite 225, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: mgromski@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gromski
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Woojin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matthes
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Suvranu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000193:education*; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Endoscopic surgery; NOTES; New NOTES; Simulation; Training