title: The emerging role of FTY720 (Fingolimod) in cancer treatment.
abstract: FTY720 (Fingolimod) is a clinically approved immunomodulating therapy for multiple sclerosis that sequesters T-cells to lymph nodes through functional antagonism of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor. FTY720 also demonstrates a proven efficacy in multiple in vitro and in vivo cancer models, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in cancer patients. A potential anticancer mechanism of FTY720 is through the inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1, a proto-oncogene with in vitro and clinical cancer association. In addition, FTY720's anticancer properties may be attributable to actions on several other molecular targets. This study focuses on reviewing the emerging evidence regarding the anticancer properties and molecular targets of FTY720. While the clinical transition of FTY720 is currently limited by its immune suppression effects, studies aiming at FTY720 delivery and release together with identifying its key synergetic combinations and relevant patient subsets may lead to its rapid introduction into the clinic.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.|School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Heba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alshaker
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pchejetski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride
keywords: FTY720; cancer; fingolimod; sphingolipid; sphingosine kinase