title: Starting Out: A time-lagged study of new graduate nurses' transition to practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the nursing profession ages, new graduate nurses are an invaluable health human resource.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing new graduate nurses' successful transition to their full professional role in Canadian hospital settings and to determine predictors of job and career satisfaction and turnover intentions over a one-year time period in their early employment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national two-wave survey of new graduate nurses across Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 3906 Registered Nurses with less than 3 years of experience currently working in direct patient care was obtained from the provincial registry databases across Canada. At Time 1, 1020 of 3743 eligible nurses returned completed questionnaires (usable response rate=27.3%). One year later, Time 1 respondents were mailed a follow-up survey; 406 returned a completed questionnaire (response rate=39.8%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys containing standardized questionnaires were mailed to participants' home address. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, new graduate nurses were positive about their experiences and committed to nursing. However, over half of new nurses in the first year of practice reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and many witnessed or experienced incivility (24-42%) at work. Findings from hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that situational and personal factors explained significant amounts of variance in new graduate nurses' job and career satisfaction and turnover intentions. Cynicism was a significant predictor of all four outcomes one year later, while Psycap predicted job and career satisfaction and career turnover intentions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide a look into the worklife experiences of Canadian new graduate nurses over a one-year time period and identify factors that influence their job-related outcomes. These findings show that working conditions for new graduate nurses are generally positive and stable over time, although workplace mistreatment is an issue to be addressed.
authors.affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, Health Sciences Addition, H41, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1. Electronic address: hkl@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Heather K Spence
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Laschinger
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, The University of Alberta, 5-110 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 1C9.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Acadia University, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Centre for Organizational Research and Development, 24 Highland Avenue, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 1Y7.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Health Sciences Addition H27, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: UBC School of Nursing, T201 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5.
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.affiliation: McGill University Health Centre Research Department, 1650 Cedar Ave, Suite D6-156, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1A4.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.affiliation: Clinical Education, Fraser Health, Professional Practice and Integration, #100 - 13450 102nd Ave., Surrey, BC, Canada V3T 5X3.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, Health Sciences Addition H25, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.affiliation: Universite de Moncton, School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Pavillon Jacqueline-Bouchard, 51, avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rhéaume-Brüning
authors.affiliation: Nursing/Clinical Research, Nursing Administration, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Lianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jeffs
authors.affiliation: London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Young-Ritchie
authors.affiliation: Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, 158 Pearl St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5H 1L3.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grinspun
authors.affiliation: Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Eastern Shore and West Hants, Room 125, 7B Centennial Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9.
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gurnham
authors.affiliation: Office of Nursing Policy, Health Policy Branch, Health Canada, Rm B529, 200 Promenade Eglantine Driveway, PL 1905B, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Victorian Order of Nurses, 2150 Islington Ave, #301, Toronto, ON, Canada M9P 3V4.
authors.forename: Sherri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huckstep
authors.affiliation: Providence Care, 340 Union Street, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 5A2.
authors.forename: Maurio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruffolo
authors.affiliation: International Council of Nurses, 3, Place Jean Marteau, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shamian
authors.affiliation: London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, PO Box 5010, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burkoski
authors.affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, Health Sciences Addition H38, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, Health Sciences Addition H38, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D004506:Education, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Burnout; Career satisfaction; Job satisfaction; New graduate nurses; Nursing; Turnover