title: Influence of Salt Intake on Association of Blood Uric Acid with Hypertension and Related Cardiovascular Risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A relationship of blood uric acid (UA) with hypertension and cardiovascular risk is under debate thus salt intake is hypothesized to contribute to such associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, stratified cluster random sampling elicited a sample of 1805 Kazakhs with 92.4% compliance. Hypertension and moderate-or-high total cardiovascular risk (mTCR) were defined according to guidelines. Sodium intake was assessed by urinary sodium excretion. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to express associations of UA with hypertension and mTCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the highest tertile of sodium intake in women, the adjusted PRs (95% confidence intervals) of low to high quartiles compared with the lowest quartile of UA, were 1.22(0.78-1.91), 1.18(0.75-1.85), and 1.65(1.09-2.51) for hypertension and 1.19(0.74-1.90), 1.39(0.91-2.11), and 1.65(1.10-2.47) for mTCR (P for trend <0.05). However, these findings were not shown for other sodium intake levels. There were similar results in men. PRs markedly increased with a concomitant increase in UA and sodium intake and there was a significant interaction (P = 0.010) for mTCR with PRs of 1.69(1.10-2.60) for men and 3.70(2.09-6.52) for women in those with the highest compared with the lowest quartile of UA and tertile of sodium intake. Similar findings were shown for hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study implied that a high salt intake may enhance the associations of UA with hypertension and cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Mingtao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The People's Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Weizhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hong Dun Town hospital, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Kuliqian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asaiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zixing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Changchun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014527:Uric Acid