title: Psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity Scale in Malay men.
abstract: The Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) is a widely used measure in studies of men's body image, but few studies have examined its psychometric properties outside English-speaking samples. Here, we assessed the factor structure of a Malay translation of the DMS. A community sample of 159 Malay men from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed the DMS, along with measures of self-esteem, body appreciation, and muscle discrepancy. Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of two factors, differentiating attitudes from behaviours, which mirrors the parent scale. Both factors also loaded on to a higher-order drive for muscularity factor. The subscales of the Malay DMS had adequate internal consistencies and good convergent validity, insofar as significant relationships were reported with self-esteem, body appreciation, muscle discrepancy, and body mass index. These results indicate that the Malay DMS has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used to assess body image concerns in Malay men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: viren.swami@anglia.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Viren
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Swami
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Poh Li
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jas Laile
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jaafar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001828:Body Image; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003906:Developing Countries; D004328:Drive; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024510:Muscle Development; D053580:Muscle Strength; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Drive for muscularity; Malaysia; Men's body image; Psychometric properties; Translation