title: Retreatments after multifocal intraocular lens implantation: an analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and etiology of required retreatment after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and to evaluate the methods and clinical outcomes of retreatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 416 eyes of 209 patients from one site that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation. Biometry, the IOL, and refractive data were recorded after the original implantation, with the same data recorded after retreatment. Comments related to vision were obtained both before and after retreatment for retreated patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multifocal retreatment rate was 10.8% (45/416 eyes). The eyes that required retreatment had significantly higher residual refractive astigmatism compared with those who did not require retreatment (1.21±0.51 D vs 0.51±0.39 D, P<0.01). The retreatment rate for the two most commonly implanted primary IOLs, blended bifocal (10.5%, 16/152) and bilateral trifocal (6.9%, 14/202) IOLs, was not statistically significantly different (P=0.12). In those requiring retreatment, refractive-related complaints were most common. Retreatment with refractive corneal surgery, in 11% of the eyes, and piggyback IOLs, in 89% of the eyes, was similarly successful, improving patient complaints 78% of the time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complaints related to ametropia were the main reasons for retreatment. Residual astigmatism appears to be an important determinant of retreatment rate after multifocal IOL implantation. Retreatment can improve symptoms for a high percentage of patients; a piggyback IOL is a viable retreatment option.
authors.affiliation: Ifocus Eye Clinic, Haugesund, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjell Gunnar
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.affiliation: Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makari
authors.affiliation: Ifocus Eye Clinic, Haugesund, Norway.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostenstad
authors.affiliation: Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Potvin
keywords: STAAR; Sulcoflex; astigmatism; piggyback IOL; symptoms; toric