title: The Importance of First Impressions: Early Events in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Influence Outcome.
abstract: Tuberculosis remains a major health threat in much of the world. New vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are essential for preventing infection, disease, and transmission. However, the host immune responses that need to be induced by an effective vaccine remain unclear. Increasingly, it has become clear that early events in infection are of major importance in the eventual outcome of the infection. Studying such events in humans is challenging, as they occur within the lung and thoracic lymph nodes, and any clinical signs of early infection are relatively nonspecific. Nonetheless, clinical studies and animal models of tuberculosis have provided new insights into the local events that occur in the first few weeks of tuberculosis. Development of an effective vaccine requires a clear understanding of the successful (and detrimental) early host responses against M. tuberculosis, with the goal to improve upon natural immune responses and prevent infection or disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Immunology Graduate program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cadena
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA joanne@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: JoAnne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fortune
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines