title: Varicocele management in the era of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
abstract: Varicocele is the most common surgically treatable cause of male infertility, and often results in alterations in semen parameters, sperm DNA damage, and changes to the seminal milieu. Varicocele repair can result in improvement in these parameters in the majority of men with clinical varicocele; data supporting repair in men with subclinical varicocele are less definitive. In couples seeking fertility using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), varicocele repair may offer improvement in semen parameters and sperm health that can increase the likelihood of successful fertilization using techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or may decrease the level of ART needed to achieve successful pregnancy. Male infertility is an indicator of general male health, and evaluation of the infertile male with an eye toward future health can facilitate optimal screening and treatment of these men. Furthermore, varicocele may represent a progressive lesion, offering an argument for its repair, although this is currently unclear.
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Aravind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandrashekar
authors.forename: Tariq S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hakky
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Pastuszak
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D013076:Sperm Count; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013081:Sperm Motility; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*