title: Risk Factors Associated with HIV Among Men Who Have Sex Only with Men and Men Who Have Sex with Both Men and Women in Three Urban Areas in Mozambique.
abstract: Using respondent-driven sampling (RDS), an integrated biological behavioral survey among men that have sex with men (MSM) enrolled 457 participants in Maputo [63.0 % were MSM who had sex with women (MSMW)], 538 in Beira (36.2 % MSMW) and 330 in Nampula-Nacala (54.8 % MSMW) in 2011. Analysis suggests that MSM who have sex only with men (MSMO) had increased odds of having HIV (aOR 2.7) compared to MSMW. HIV among MSMO associated with age, self-reported STI (aOR 4.2), having a single male anal partner (aOR 3.8) and having transactional sex with a man (aOR 3.5) in the past year. Among MSMW, HIV associated with age, lower education (aOR 32.5), being uncircumcised (aOR 3.1) and having transactional sex with a woman (aOR 6.0) in the past year. Findings confirm that MSMO and MSMW have distinct HIV risks in Mozambique; HIV programs for MSM in Southern Africa should take such differences into consideration.
authors.affiliation: International Training and Education Center for Health, P.O. BOX 364, Maputo, Mozambique. bel.sathane@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sathane
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horth
authors.affiliation: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inguane
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Rassul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nalá
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelica E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: H Fisher
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009073:Mozambique / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Africa; Behavioral surveillance; HIV prevalence; MSM; Mozambique; RDS; Respondent-driven sampling