title: Chelidonic acid evokes antidepressant-like effect through the up-regulation of BDNF in forced swimming test.
abstract: Depression is usually accompanied by neuro-inflammatory reactions. Chelidonic acid, in particular, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of chelidonic acid and to discuss the potential mechanisms of a forced swimming test. Chelidonic acid was administered orally once a day for 14 days. On the 14th day, chelidonic acid resulted in a significant decrease in immobility time during the forced swimming test without alteration of locomotor activity, in an open field test. Chelidonic acid also increased the number of nissl bodies in the hippocampus. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation in the hippocampus were up-regulated by the administration of chelidonic acid. Chelidonic acid administration significantly increased the mRNA expression of hippocampal estrogen receptor-β. The levels of hippocampal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were effectively attenuated by the administration of chelidonic acid. In addition, chelidonic acid significantly increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), dopamine, and norepinephrine compared with those levels for the mice that were administered distilled water in the hippocampus. These results suggest that chelidonic acid might serve as a new therapeutic strategy for the regulation of depression associated with inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology and NanoBio Tronics, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Professional Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Center for R&D Strategy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shi-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Regional Innovation Center and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea *The first two authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Jae-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea hmkim@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009562:Nissl Bodies / Q000187:drug effects; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D011714:Pyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011714:Pyrans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012701:Serotonin; C046884:chelidonic acid; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Depression; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; chelidonic acid; estrogen receptor-β; serotonin