title: High-throughput analysis of immunoglobulin G glycosylation.
abstract: Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is important for its effector functions and was shown to be related to age, sex and disease status of an individual. Adding glycomic information to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large clinical trials is enabling insight into the functional relevance of changes in glycosylation, as well as molecular mechanisms behind these changes. Large-scale studies require sensitive, robust and affordable high-throughput methodologies for glycosylation analysis, which are currently available in only a limited number of laboratories.
  
  
  
  This review focuses on currently used high-throughput approaches for N-glycosylation analysis of IgG, as well as some recent advances in the areas of deglycosylation, trypsin digestion, labeling, purification, derivatization and automation of current workflows. Relevant literature was searched using the PubMed database. Expert commentary: Development, optimization and validation of robust, affordable and simple high-throughput glycosylation analysis methods is essential for discovery and validation of diagnostic and prognostic glycan biomarkers. Although significant advances in glycosylation analysis have been made in recent years, currently used protocols will have to be further optimized to enable subsequent analysis of glycosylation on all levels with the limited initial sample and in the minimal amount of time, which is still a challenging task.
authors.affiliation: a Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Trbojević-Akmačić
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vilaj
authors.affiliation: a Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory , Zagreb , Croatia.|b Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia.
authors.forename: Gordan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lauc
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D054794:Glycomics / Q000379:methods*; D006031:Glycosylation; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Capillary electrophoresis; IgG; N-glycosylation; glycan biomarker; high-throughput; mass spectrometry; ultra-performance liquid chromatography