title: Anal Canal Carcinoma in a Child With Disorders of Sex Development.
abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in children is rare. To date, the etiology and outcome of this condition have been not fully understood. Here, we report an 11-year-old child with anal canal cancer who had concomitant disorders of sex development. Radiotherapy followed by salvage surgery achieved disease-free survival of 3 years. Since overexpression of cell cycle regulatory protein p16 was immunohistochemically evident in tumor tissue, human papillomavirus infection was considered as a causative factor in the carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimikazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanamori
mesh_terms: D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002648:Child; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
keywords: anal canal carcinoma; children; disorder of sex development; human papillomavirus; squamous cell carcinoma