title: Allopurinol preconditioning attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting HMGB1 expression in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential effects of pretreatment with allopurinol on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty four rats were subjected to right kidney uninephrectomy were randomly distributed into the following three groups (n=8): Group A (sham-operated group); Group B (ischemic group) with 30 min of renal ischemia after surgery; and Group C (allopurinol + ischemia group) pretreated with allopurinol at 50 mg/kg for 14 days. At 72 h after renal reperfusion, the kidney was harvested to assess inflammation and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with allopurinol significantly improved renal functional and histological grade scores following I/R injury (p<0.05). Compared with Group B, the expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax were markedly reduced in Group C, meanwhile, whereas expression of bcl-2 was clearly increased (p<0.05). A newly described marker of inflammation, High Mobility Group Box 1(HMGB1), showed reduced expression in Group C (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with allopurinol had a protective effect on kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury, which might be related to the inhibition of HMGB1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-qiao
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-bao
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-shun
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-xiong
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, PuAi Hospital, Anlu, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Dongyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D020011:Protective Agents; D000493:Allopurinol; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase