title: Simultaneous quantification of dabrafenib and trametinib in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Dabrafenib (Tafinlar(®)) and trametinib (Mekinist(®)) are registered for the treatment of patients with BRAF V600 mutation positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma. To support therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and clinical pharmacological trials, an assay to simultaneously quantify dabrafenib and trametinib in human plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Human plasma samples were collected on an outpatient base and stored at nominally -20°C. Analytes and internal standards (stable isotope labeled compounds) were extracted with TBME. After snap freezing the samples in a dry ice-ethanol bath, the organic layer was transferred to a clean tube and evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas. The dry extract was then reconstituted with 100μL acetonitrile and 5μL of the final extract was injected and separated on a C18 column with gradient elution, and analyzed with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in positive-ion mode. The validated assay ranges from 50 to 5000ng/mL for dabrafenib and 0.5-50ng/mL for trametinib were linear, and correlation coefficient (r(2)) of 0.996 or better. At all concentrations of both analytes the biases were within ±15% of the nominal concentrations and precisions were ≤15%. All results were within the acceptance criteria of the latest US FDA guidance and EMA guidelines on method validation. Dabrafenib was found to degrade under the influence of light in different organic solvents and at least seven degradation products were detected. In conclusion, the described method to simultaneously quantify dabrafenib and trametinib in human plasma was successfully validated and applied for therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer patients treated with dabrafenib and trametinib.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Cynthia.Nijenhuis@slz.nl.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nijenhuis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haverkate
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosing
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schellens
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beijnen
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010091:Oximes / Q000097:blood*; D011728:Pyridones / Q000097:blood*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D010091:Oximes; D011728:Pyridones; D011744:Pyrimidinones; C560077:trametinib; C561627:dabrafenib
keywords: Dabrafenib; HPLC–MS/MS; Pharmacokinetics; Therapeutic drug monitoring; Trametinib