title: Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Brain Volume.
abstract: A hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can compromise perfusion and oxygenation of the preterm brain. Reports suggest that PDA is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. We hypothesize that long-standing low cerebral oxygenation due to PDA might affect brain volume at term equivalent age.
  
  
  
  Observational study in 140 infants investigating the relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy-monitored cerebral oxygen saturation (rSco2) and MRI-assessed regional brain volume and maturation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule at term-equivalent age in 3 groups: those whose PDA closed with indomethacin, those who needed additional surgical closure, and matched controls.
  
  
  
  The surgery group had the lowest rSco2 values before closure (n = 35), 48% ± 9.7% (mean ± SD) as compared with the indomethacin (n = 35), 59% ± 10.4 (P < .001), and control groups (n = 70), 66% ± 6.9 (P < .001); the highest postnatal age before effective treatment; and the lowest volumes of most brain regions at term-equivalent age. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant effect of preductal closure rSco2 on cerebellar volume in this group. No differences were found in maturation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
  
  
  
  Long-standing suboptimal cerebral oxygenation due to a PDA may negatively influence brain growth, affecting neurodevelopmental outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands; p.lemmers@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Petra M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lemmers
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands;
authors.forename: Manon J N L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Benders
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands; Division of Neonatology, Salesi's Children Hospital/UPM, Ancona, Italy; and.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Ascenzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands;
authors.forename: Jorine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zethof
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands;
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alderliesten
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands;
authors.forename: Karina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kersbergen
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Isgum
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands;
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands;
authors.forename: Floris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands;
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Bel
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen