title: Field-effect transistor biosensors with two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets.
abstract: A black phosphorous (BP)-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor was fabricated by using few-layer BP nanosheets labeled with gold nanoparticle-antibody conjugates. BP nanosheets were mechanically exfoliated and used as the sensing/conducting channel in the FET, with an Al2O3thin film as the dielectric layer for surface passivation. Antibody probes were conjugated with gold nanoparticles that were sputtered on the BP through surface functionalization. The sensor response was measured by the change in the BP's electrical resistance after antigens were introduced. The adsorbed antigens through specific antigen-antibody binding interactions induced a gate potential, thereby changing the drain-source current. The as-produced BP biosensor showed both high sensitivity (lower limit of detection ~10ng/ml) and selectivity towards human immunoglobulin G. Results from this study demonstrate the outstanding performance of BP as a sensing channel for FET biosensor applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Yantao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China. Electronic address: shunmao@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. Electronic address: jhchen@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014173:Transistors, Electronic
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010758:Phosphorus; D006046:Gold
keywords: Biosensor; Field-effect transistor; Immunoglobulin G; Phosphorene nanosheet; Protein detection