title: Molecular identification and genetic diversity of open reading frame 7 field isolated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in North Sumatera, Indonesia, in the period of 2008-2014.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Molecular identification and genetic diversity of open reading frame 7 (ORF7) of field isolated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in North Sumatera, Indonesia, in the period of 2008-2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 47 PRRSV samples were collected from the death case of pigs. The samples were collected from different districts in the period of 2008-2014 from North Sumatera province. Two pairs of primer were designed to amplify ORF7 of Type 1 and 2 PRRSV based on the sequence of reference viruses VR2332 and Lelystad. Viral RNAs were extracted from samples using PureLink™ micro-to-Midi total RNA purification system (Invitrogen). To amplify the ORF7 of PRRSV, the synthesis cDNA and DNA amplification were performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR method. Then the DNA sequencing of PCR products and phylogenetic analysis were accomplished by molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0 software program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-: PCR and nested PCR used in this study had successfully detected of 18 samples positive PRRS virus with the amplification products at 703bp and 508bp, respectively. Sequencing of the ORF7 shows that 18 PRRS viruses isolated from North Sumatera belonged to North American (NA). JXA1 Like and classic NA type viruses. Several mutations were detected, particularly in the area of nuclear localization signal (NLS1) and in NLS2. In the local viruses, which were related closed to JXA1 virus; there are two differences in amino acids in position 12 and 43 of ORF7. Our tested viruses showed that the amino acid positions 12 and 43 are Asparagine and Arginine, while the reference virus (VR2332, Lelystad, and JXA1) occupied both by Lysine. Based on differences in two amino acids at position 12 and 43 showed that viruses from North Sumatera has its own uniqueness and related closed to highly pathogenic PRRS (HP-PRRS) virus (JXA1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that North Sumatera type PRRS virus has caused PRRS outbreaks in pig in North Sumatera between 2008 and 2014. The JAX1 like viruses had unique amino acid residue in position 12 and 43 of asparagine and lysine, and these were genetic determinants of North Sumatera viruses compared to other PRRS viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Molecular Biology, Animal Disease Investigation Centre of Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faisal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Widayanti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haryanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Charles Rangga
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tabu
keywords: Indonesia; North Sumatera; open reading frame 7; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus