title: MicroRNAs for Restenosis and Thrombosis After Vascular Injury.
abstract: Percutaneous revascularization revolutionized the therapy of patients with coronary artery disease. Despite continuous technical advances that substantially improved patients' outcome after percutaneous revascularization, some issues are still open. In particular, restenosis still represents a challenge, even though it was dramatically reduced with the advent of drug-eluting stents. At the same time, drug-eluting stent thrombosis emerged as a major concern because of incomplete or delayed re-endothelialization after vascular injury. The discovery of microRNAs revealed a previously unknown layer of regulation for several biological processes, increasing our knowledge on the biological mechanisms underlying restenosis and stent thrombosis, revealing novel promising targets for more efficient and selective therapies. The present review summarizes recent experimental and clinical evidence on the role of microRNAs after arterial injury, focusing on practical aspects of their potential therapeutic application for selective inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, enhancement of endothelial regeneration, and inhibition of platelet activation after coronary interventions. Application of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.).
authors.forename: Clarice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gareri
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.).
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.). indolfi@unicz.it.
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Indolfi
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002450:Cell Communication; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D058426:Neointima; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D010641:Phenotype; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: angioplasty; microRNA; restenosis; stent; thrombosis; vascular remodeling