title: Antioxidant effects of resveratrol in the cardiovascular system.
abstract: The antioxidant effects of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) contribute substantially to the health benefits of this compound. Resveratrol has been shown to be a scavenger of a number of free radicals. However, the direct scavenging activities of resveratrol are relatively poor. The antioxidant properties of resveratrol in vivo are more likely to be attributable to its effect as a gene regulator. Resveratrol inhibits NADPH oxidase-mediated production of ROS by down-regulating the expression and activity of the oxidase. This polyphenolic compound reduces mitochondrial superoxide generation by stimulating mitochondria biogenesis. Resveratrol prevents superoxide production from uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase by up-regulating the tetrahydrobiopterin-synthesizing enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I. In addition, resveratrol increases the expression of various antioxidant enzymes. Some of the gene-regulating effects of resveratrol are mediated by the histone/protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 or by the nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2. In this review article, we have also summarized the cardiovascular effects of resveratrol observed in clinical trials.
  
  
  
  This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: 2nd Medical Department, Cardiology and Angiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daiber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Förstermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Huige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol