title: The effects of ryanodine receptor (RYR1) mutation on natural killer cell cytotoxicity, plasma cytokines and stress hormones during acute intermittent exercise in pigs.
abstract: Stress susceptibility has been mapped to a single recessive gene, the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene or halothane (Hal) gene. Homozygous (Hal(nn)), mutated pigs are sensitive to halothane and susceptible to Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS). Previous studies have shown that stress-susceptible RYR1 gene mutated homozygotes in response to restraint stress showed an increase in natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) accompanied by more pronounced stress-related hormone and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes. In order to determine the relationship of a RYR1 gene mutation with NKCC, plasma cytokines and stress-related hormones following a different stress model - exercise - 36 male pigs (representing different genotypes according to RYR1 gene mutation: NN, homozygous dominant; Nn, heterozygous; nn, homozygous recessive) were submitted to an intermittent treadmill walking. During the entire experiment the greatest level of NKCC and the greatest concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN-)γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and stress-related hormones (adrenaline, prolactin, beta-endorphin) were observed in nn pigs, and the greatest concentration of IL-1 and growth hormone in NN pigs. Immunostimulatory effects of intermittent exercise on NKCC in nn pigs were concomitant with increases in IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ, the potent NKCC activators. Our findings suggest that stress-susceptible pigs RYR1 gene mutated pigs develop a greater level of NKCC and cytokine production in response to exercise stress. These results suggest that the heterogeneity of immunological and neuroendocrine response to exercise stress in pigs could be influenced by RYR1 gene mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address: zetciep@gazeta.pl.
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ciepielewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stojek
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borman
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Myślińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pałczyńska
authors.affiliation: Experimental Station Pawłowice, 64-122 Pawłowice, National Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamyczek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005838:Genotype; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Cytokines; Natural killer cell cytotoxicity; Pig; RYR1 gene; Stress-related hormones; Treadmill exercise