title: Lidocaine as an Induction Agent for Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery: A Case Series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Induction of anaesthesia and its associated spikes in blood pressure can cause rupture of an aneurysm during intracranial surgery. Lidocaine can reportedly provide hemodynamic stability when applied before endotracheal intubation. Rapid injection of large doses of lidocaine can cause unconsciousness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lidocaine was applied as the sole anaesthetic for induction and maintenance during aneurysm surgery in four patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm surgery. Blood pressure alteration after induction and during surgery, bleeding, brain laxity, intracranial pressure and extubation time were acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although propofol remains a standard agent for such types of surgeries, lidocaine proved equally effective and coupled with its low cost, minimal side effects and omission of other hypnotic agents was a plausible induction agent and a maintenance drug in the selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahid Hussain
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ameli
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Anaesthesiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emir Alavi
keywords: Anaesthesia; Clipping; Intracranial Aneurysm; Lidocaine