title: Consumption of Quercetin and Quercetin-Containing Apple and Cherry Extracts Affects Blood Glucose Concentration, Hepatic Metabolism, and Gene Expression Patterns in Obese C57BL/6J High Fat-Fed Mice.
abstract: Intake of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich fruit extracts has been shown to reduce markers of inflammation, diabetes, and hepatic complications that result from the consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet.
  
  
  
  The objective of this study was to determine whether mice fed polyphenol-rich apple peel extract (AE), cherry extract (CE), and quercetin, a phytochemical abundant in fruits including apples and cherries, would modulate the harmful effects of adiposity on blood glucose regulation, endocrine concentrations, and hepatic metabolism in HF-fed C57BL/6J male mice.
  
  
  
  Groups of 8-wk-old mice (n = 8 each) were fed 5 diets for 10 wk, including low-fat (LF; 10% of total energy) and HF (60% of total energy) control diets and 3 HF diets containing polyphenol-rich AE, CE, and quercetin (0.2% wt:wt). Also, an in vitro study used HepG2 cells exposed to quercetin (0-100 μmol/L) to determine whether intracellular lipid accumulation could be modulated by this phytochemical.
  
  
  
  Mice fed the HF control diet consumed 36% more energy, gained 14 g more body weight, and had ∼50% elevated blood glucose concentrations (all P < 0.05) than did LF-fed mice. Mice fed HF diets containing AE, CE, or quercetin became as obese as HF-fed mice, but had significantly lower blood glucose concentrations after food deprivation (-36%, -22%, -22%, respectively; P < 0.05). Concentrations of serum C-reactive protein were reduced 29% in quercetin-fed mice compared with HF-fed controls (P < 0.05). A qualitative evaluation of liver tissue sections suggested that fruit phytochemicals may reduce hepatic lipid accumulation. A quantitative analysis of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in lipid content in cells treated with 0-100 μmol quercetin/L (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  In mice, consumption of AE, CE, or quercetin appears to modulate some of the harmful effects associated with the consumption of an obesogenic HF diet. Furthermore, in a cell culture model, quercetin was shown to reduce intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR;
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR;
authors.forename: Bingxin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Milton-Freewater, OR; and.
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR;
authors.forename: George
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3857-0717
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavender
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0973-1542
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamilton-Reeves
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; neil.shay@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Neil F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Shay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068220:Prunus avium / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: C57BL/6J mice; PPAR-α; apples; cherries; high-fat diet; phytochemicals; polyphenols; quercetin