title: Transorbital endoscopic assisted management of intraorbital lesions: lessons learned from our first 9 cases.
abstract: The management of intraorbital lesions is challenging and it is strongly dependent to their nature, position and biological behaviour. Traditionally, the superior and lateral compartments of the orbit are addressed via lateral orbitotomy or transcranial approaches. Herein we present our preliminary experience in the management of selected supero-lateral intraorbital lesion through an endoscopic-assisted superior-eyelid approach.
  
  
  
  All cases of intraorbital lesion treated in two Italian tertiary care referral centres using a superior eyelid endoscopic-assisted transorbital approach were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  
  Nine patients have been analysed. The aim of surgery was diagnostic in 5 cases and curative in the remaining 4 patients. Significant tissue biopsy was obtained in all the five diagnostic procedures. Complete resection was obtained in 3/4 lesions. No major intra- or postoperative complications have been observed. Mean surgical time was 68 minutes. Mean hospitalization time was 4.4 days. All patients were satisfied about the surgical procedure, as emerged by the post-operative counselling. At present, the mean follow-up time is 18 months, ranging from 11 to 25 months.
  
  
  
  Our preliminary results are promising with successful functional and cosmetic outcomes and reduced morbidity for the patient. This approach should be considered as an option for selected intraorbital lesions.
authors.affiliation: First Otorhinolaryngologic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dallan
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castelnuovo
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turri-Zanoni
authors.affiliation: First Otorhinolaryngologic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fiacchini
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research center (HNSandFDRc), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.affiliation: Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sellari-Franceschini
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D004487:Edema / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D061646:Operative Time; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies