title: Comparing Glaucomatous Disc Change Using Stereo Disc Viewing and the MatchedFlicker Software Program in Ophthalmologists-in-Training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the accuracy and speed of using the computerized MatchedFlicker software program (EyeIC Inc, Narberth, Pennsylvania, USA) to evaluate glaucomatous optic disc change against the traditional gold standard of manually examining stereoscopic disc photographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective evaluation of diagnostic technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two resident ophthalmologists and 1 glaucoma fellow at the University of Florida independently evaluated 140 image pairs from 100 glaucomatous/ocular hypertensive patient eyes using a handheld stereo viewer and the MatchedFlicker program. Fifty had progression to glaucoma as determined by the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) Optic Disc Reading Group and the OHTS Endpoint Committee in the OHTS, and 50 more had photographs taken a few minutes apart, which were negative controls with no progression. Twenty photograph pairs from each group were duplicated to determine reviewer variability. Photographs were examined in alternating blocks of 70 photograph pairs for each method, with the starting viewing method randomized. Reviewer accuracy and time to review for each method were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the handheld stereo viewer, the reviewers correctly identified progression or nonprogression in 76.0% of the slide pairs. Using the MatchedFlicker software, 87.6% were correctly identified (P = .011). Evaluator speed averaged 34.1 seconds per image pair with the stereo viewer vs 24.9 seconds with the MatchedFlicker program (P = .044). Overall, Flicker was significantly more specific but less sensitive than stereo slides. Trainees appeared more reluctant to identify glaucoma progression from slides than from Flicker. For the 2 less experienced trainees Flicker was significantly more accurate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MatchedFlicker software had a greater accuracy and was quicker to perform than using a handheld stereoscopic viewer.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida; Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, Department of Ophthalmology, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Zachary L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Lukowski
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Alissa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Leoncavallo
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Baiming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shuster
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, Florida. Electronic address: sherwood@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sherwood
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D018450:Disease Progression; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D013663:Teaching