title: Safety assessment of selected medicinal food plants used in Ayurveda through CYP450 enzyme inhibition study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Andrographis paniculata, Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica are mentioned in Ayurveda for the management of neurodegenerative disorders. These plants and their phytomolecules, such as andrographolide, bacoside A and asiaticoside, were studied for their inhibition potential on pooled CYP450 as well as human CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 by CYP-CO complex assay and fluorogenic assay respectively followed by IC50determination. Quantification of bioactive compounds present in the extracts was done by RP-HPLC. Heavy metal content in the selected medicinal plants was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CYP-CO complex assay indicated significantly less inhibition potential than standard inhibitor (P < 0.05 and above). A. paniculata showed highest inhibitory activity against CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50= 63.06 ± 1.35 µg mL-1; 88.80 ± 3.32 µg mL-1), whereas C. asiatica and B. monnieri showed least inhibitory activity against CYP1A2 (IC50= 288.83 ± 1.61 µg mL-1) and CYP2C9 (184.68 ± 3.79 µg mL-1), respectively. In all cases the extract showed higher inhibition than the single bioactive compounds. The heavy metals content in the plant extracts were within the permissible limits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggested that selected food plants and bioactive compounds contributed negligible interaction potential with CYP isozymes and may not possess any harmful effect with regard to their therapeutic application. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Kakali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Shiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahadur
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Pulok K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D035685:Andrographis / Q000737:chemistry; D034681:Bacopa / Q000737:chemistry; D028041:Centella / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004224:Diterpenes; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C500175:bacoside A; C030419:andrographolide; C004446:asiaticoside
keywords: atomic absorption spectroscopy; cytochrome P450; medicinal food plants; standardisation