title: Universal equation for estimating ideal body weight and body weight at any BMI.
abstract: Ideal body weight (IBW) equations and body mass index (BMI) ranges have both been used to delineate healthy or normal weight ranges, although these 2 different approaches are at odds with each other. In particular, past IBW equations are misaligned with BMI values, and unlike BMI, the equations have failed to recognize that there is a range of ideal or target body weights.
  
  
  
  For the first time, to our knowledge, we merged the concepts of a linear IBW equation and of defining target body weights in terms of BMI.
  
  
  
  With the use of calculus and approximations, we derived an easy-to-use linear equation that clinicians can use to calculate both IBW and body weight at any target BMI value. We measured the empirical accuracy of the equation with the use of NHANES data and performed a comparative analysis with past IBW equations.
  
  
  
  Our linear equation allowed us to calculate body weights for any BMI and height with a mean empirical accuracy of 0.5-0.7% on the basis of NHANES data. Moreover, we showed that our body weight equation directly aligns with BMI values for both men and women, which avoids the overestimation and underestimation problems at the upper and lower ends of the height spectrum that have plagued past IBW equations.
  
  
  
  Our linear equation increases the sophistication of IBW equations by replacing them with a single universal equation that calculates both IBW and body weight at any target BMI and height. Therefore, our equation is compatible with BMI and can be applied with the use of mental math or a calculator without the need for an app, which makes it a useful tool for both health practitioners and the general public.
authors.affiliation: John S McIlhenny Skeletal Muscle Physiology Laboratory and courtney.peterson@pbrc.edu.
authors.forename: Courtney M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantitative Obesity Research, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ;
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.affiliation: Metabolism and Body Composition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA;
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Heymsfield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056865:Ideal Body Weight; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009749:Nutrition Surveys
keywords: BMI; ideal body weight; obesity; overweight; simplified equations