title: Stable Voice Clusters Identified When Using the Maximum versus Minimum Intensity Curve in the Phonetogram.
abstract: To examine whether the minimum as well as the maximum voice intensity (i.e. sound pressure level, SPL) curves of a voice range profile (VRP) are required when discovering different voice groups based on a clustering analysis. In this approach, no a priori labeling of voice types is used.
  
  
  
  VRPs of 194 (84 male and 110 female) professional singers were registered and processed. Cluster analysis was performed with the use of features related to (1) both the maximum and minimum SPL curves and (2) the maximum SPL curve only.
  
  
  
  Features related to the maximum as well as the minimum SPL curves showed three clusters in both male and female voices. These clusters, or voice groups, are based on voice types with similar VRP features. However, when using features related only to the maximum SPL curve, the clusters became less obvious.
  
  
  
  Features related to the maximum and minimum SPL curves of a VRP are both needed in order to identify the three voice clusters.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camarrone
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.forename: Wivine
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Decoster
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Marc M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Hulle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D063346:Singing; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014833:Voice Quality