title: The fate of facial asymmetry after surgery for "muscular torticollis" in early childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study wheather the facial features return to normal after surgery for muscular torticollis done in early childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a long-term study of the fate of facial asymmetry in four children who have undergone operation for muscular torticollis in early childhood. All the patients presented late, i.e., after the age of 4 years with a scarred sternomastoid and plagiocephaly, so conservative management with physiotherapy was not considered. All the patients had an x-ray of cervical spine and eye and dental checkup before making a diagnosis of muscular torticollis. Preoperative photograph of the patient's face was taken to counsel the parents about the secondary effect of short sternomastoid on facial features and the need for surgery. After division of sternomastoid muscle and release of cervical fascia when indicated, the head was maintained in a hyperextended position supported by sand bags for three days. Gradual physiotherapy was then started followed by wearing of a Minerva collar that the child wore for a maximum period of time in 24 h. Physiotherapy was continued three times a day till the range of movements of the head returned to normal. During the follow-up, serial photographs were taken to note the changes in the facial features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all four patients, the asymmetry of the face got corrected and the facial features returned to normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the deformity of facial asymmetry gets corrected in the first two years after surgery. By adolescence, the face returns to normal.
authors.affiliation: Asst. Professor of Paediatric Surgery, Ankur Paed Surgical Clinic, Kolhapur, India; SJKC Trust's Paediatric Surgery Centre and Postgraduate Institute, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kittur
keywords: Asymmetry of the face; muscular torticollis; plagiocephaly; sternomastoid tumor