title: [The efficacy of pharmacological preconditioning in carotid endarterectomy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based on the results of surgical treatment of 80 patients with hemodynamically significant uni- and bilateral lesions of carotid arteries. Half of the patients was operated immediately and others after pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in dose of 1200 mg/daily during 1,5 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin increased the cerebral perfusion determined with one-photon emission computed tomography that improved significantly results of the surgery. There were significant changes in patient's state 7 days and 6 months after surgery. The improvement was correlated with the less number of asymptotic post-surgery ischemic strokes in different brain areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive role of pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in surgical treatment of carotid artery stenosis has been demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kuznetsov
authors.affiliation: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Fedin
authors.affiliation: Pirogov City Hospital #1, Moscow.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Karalkin
authors.affiliation: Pirogov City Hospital #1, Moscow.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Frolov
authors.affiliation: Pirogov City Hospital #1, Moscow.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Kunitsin
authors.affiliation: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yumin
authors.affiliation: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kholopova
authors.affiliation: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Pirogov City Hospital #1, Moscow.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Knyazev
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006418:Heme / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D006418:Heme; C015646:Actovegin