title: Effect of breastfeeding on haemodynamics and consumption of propofol and sevoflurane: A state entropy guided comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unique post-partum endocrine hormone oxytocin secreted during breastfeeding (BF) has amnestic, sedative properties and down-regulates stress responses. This study was done to assess the effect of BF on consumption of propofol, sevoflurane and haemodynamic stability in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study was conducted on 120 women aged 20-30 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II physical status scheduled for tubectomy under general anaesthesia who were randomly allocated to three groups 40 of each; BF, withhold feeding (WF), and non-feeding (NF) groups. All received standard premedication. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and state entropy (SE) values were recorded at regular intervals. All patients were induced with intravenous propofol until the SE levels dropped to 45, and dose of propofol recorded. Airway was secured with laryngeal mask airway and anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in 60% N2O and O2. Sevoflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain SE between 40 and 60. End tidal concentration of sevoflurane and consumption of sevoflurane (ml) was recorded by GE Datex-Ohmeda S/5™ System. Results were analysed by analysis of variance and Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic parameters were comparable. Dose of propofol and sevoflurane consumption in group BF was significantly reduced by 20% and 35%, respectively (P < 0.05) compared to group NF. Intra-operative HR and MAP were persistently low in group BF and elevated in group WF (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BF before induction of anaesthesia decreases the consumption of propofol, sevoflurane and maintains the intra-operative haemodynamic stability, whereas withholding BF increases propofol and sevoflurane consumption with intra-operative higher HR and MAP, compared to control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhaskara
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Dayananda
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sudheesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Raghavendra Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramachandraiah
keywords: Breastfeeding; entropy; oxytocin; propofol; sevoflurane; tubectomy