title: Inhibition of Leptin-ObR Interaction Does not Prevent Leptin Translocation Across a Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model.
abstract: The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin regulates appetite and energy homeostasis through the activation of leptin receptors (ObR) on hypothalamic neurones; hence, leptin must be transported through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach its target sites in the central nervous system. During obesity, however, leptin BBB transport is decreased, in part precluding leptin as a viable clinical therapy against obesity. Although the short isoform of the ObR (ObRa) has been implicated in the transport of leptin across the BBB as a result of its elevated expression in cerebral microvessels, accumulating evidence indicates that leptin BBB transport is independent of ObRa. In the present study, we employed an ObR-neutralising antibody (9F8) to directly examine the involvement of endothelial ObR in leptin transport across an in vitro human BBB model composed of the human endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Our results indicate that, although leptin transport across the endothelial monolayer was nonparacellular, and energy- and endocytosis-dependent, it was not inhibited by pre-treatment with 9F8, despite the ability of the latter to recognise hCMEC/D3-expressed ObR, prevent leptin-ObR binding and inhibit leptin-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) phosphorylation in hCMEC/D3 cells. Furthermore, hCMEC/D3 cells expressed the transporter protein low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP-2), which is capable of binding and endocytosing leptin. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that leptin binding to and signalling through ObR is not required for efficient transport across human endothelial monolayers, indicating that ObR is not the primary leptin transporter at the human BBB, a role which may fall upon LRP-2. A deeper understanding of leptin BBB transport will help clarify the exact causes for leptin resistance seen in obesity and aid in the development of more efficient BBB-penetrating leptin analogues.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.|Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4249-7062
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @ UniLe, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ITT), Arnesano, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fiammengo
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Dunlop
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D026561:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D020738:Leptin; D026561:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor
keywords: LRP-2; blood-brain barrier; leptin; leptin receptor; transcytosis