title: The role of neoantigens in response to immune checkpoint blockade.
abstract: Immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated substantial promise for the treatment of several advanced malignancies. These agents activate the immune system to attack tumor cells. For example, agents targeting CTLA4 and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) have resulted in impressive response rates and, in some cases, durable remissions. Neoantigens are mutations that encode immunologically active proteins that can cause the immune system to recognize the affected cell as foreign. Recent data have made it clear that these mutations are, in large part, the functional targets of immune checkpoint blockade. This review summarizes the key discoveries leading up to this important conclusion and discusses possible applications of neoantigens in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.affiliation: Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Box 20, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Havel
authors.affiliation: Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Makarov
authors.affiliation: Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desrichard
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and chant@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001324:Autoantigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: cancer; immunotherapy; mutation; neoantigen