title: Family-Based Approaches to Cardiovascular Health Promotion.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world, and the increasing burden is largely a consequence of modifiable behavioral risk factors that interact with genomics and the environment. Continuous cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention throughout the lifespan is critical, and the family is a central entity in this process. In this review, we describe the potential rationale and mechanisms that contribute to the importance of family for cardiovascular health promotion, focusing on: 1) mutual interdependence of the family system; 2) shared environment; 3) parenting style; 4) caregiver perceptions; and 5) genomics. We conclude that family-based approaches that target both caregivers and children, encourage communication among the family unit, and address the structural and environmental conditions in which families live and operate are likely to be the most effective approach to promote cardiovascular health. We describe lessons learned, future implications, and applications to ongoing and planned studies.
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Electronic address: rajesh.vedanthan@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vedanthan
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bansilal
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Ana Victoria
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kovacic
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Latina
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaslow
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gorga
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasarskis
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hajjar
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Schadt
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Johan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Björkegren
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Zahi A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuster
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003142:Communication; D005195:Family Relations; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D023281:Genomics; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D016487:Parenting; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: cardiovascular disease; children; genomics