title: Differentiation of Rat bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells into Adipocytes and Cardiomyocytes after treatment with platelet lysate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential cells and their therapeutic potency is under intense investigation. Studying the effect of different induction factors on MSCs could increase our knowledge about the differentiation potency of these cells. One of the most important sources of these factors in mammalian body is platelet. Platelet lysate (PL) contains many growth factors and therefore, it can be used as a differentiation inducer. In the present study, the effect of PL on differentiation of rat bone marrow MSCs into cardiomyocytes was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study the differentiation-inducing effect of PL, MSCs were treated with 2.5, 5 and 10% PL. Early results of this study showed that PL in high concentrations (10%) induces adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, to evaluate differentiation to cardiomyocytes, MSCs were cultured in media containing lower levels of PL (2.5% and 5%) and then cardiomyogenic differentiation was induced by treatment with 5-azacytidine. Differentiation of MSCs was evaluated using direct observation of beating cells, immunostaining and real-time PCR techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of qPCR showed that treatment with PL alone increased the expression of cardiac alpha actinin (CAA) being predictable by earlier observation of beating cells in PL-treated groups. The results of staining assays against cardiac alpha actinin also showed that there were stained cells in PL-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study showed that PL is a powerful induction factor for differentiation of MSCs into different cell lines such as cardiomyocytes and adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Farshad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Homayouni Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tayebi
authors.affiliation: Head of the English Language Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barzegar
keywords: 5-azacytidine; Cardiomyogenic differentiation; Mesenchymal stem cells; Platelet lysate