title: Impact of date palm fruits extracts and probiotic enriched diet on antioxidant status, innate immune response and immune-related gene expression of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).
abstract: The application of additives in the diet as plants or extracts of plants as natural and innocuous compounds has potential in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and immunoprophylactics. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential effects of dietary supplementation of date palm fruit extracts alone or in combination with Pdp11 probiotic on serum antioxidant status, on the humoral and cellular innate immune status, as well as, on the expression levels of some immune-related genes in head-kidney and gut of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) after 2 and 4 weeks of administration. This study showed for the first time in European sea bass an immunostimulation in several of the parameters evaluated in fish fed with date palm fruits extracts enriched diet or fed with this substance in combination with Pdp 11 probiotic, mainly after 4 weeks of treatment. In the same way, dietary supplementation of mixture diet has positive effects on the expression levels of immune-related genes, chiefly in head-kidney of Dicentrarchus labrax. Therefore, the combination of both could be considered of great interest as potential additives for farmed fish.
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagnod'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porcino
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cerezuela
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagnod'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faggio
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: aesteban@um.es.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005638:Fruit; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D065749:Phoeniceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019936:Probiotics; D011897:Random Allocation; D020614:Shewanella putrefaciens / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antioxidant status; Date palm fruit extracts; European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax); Immunostimulants; Innate immunity; Probiotics; Teleosts