title: Dysregulated 14-3-3 Family in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Patients with Schizophrenia.
abstract: The 14-3-3 family, which is composed of seven distinct members in humans, plays important roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, synaptic plasticity and neuronal differentiation and migration. Previous genetic and post-mortem gene expression studies have linked this family to schizophrenia. However, the direction of gene expression changes in these studies has been inconsistent, and reports of 14-3-3 gene expression in living schizophrenic patients are still lacking. Here, we assessed 14-3-3 gene and protein expression levels in peripheral blood leukocytes from drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenic patients and matched controls. mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified by qRT-PCR and UPLC-MRM/MS, respectively. Expression analysis revealed four downregulated and one upregulated mRNA transcripts as well as five downregulated protein levels of 14-3-3 isoforms in schizophrenia. Moreover, significant positive correlations between 14-3-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were found in schizophrenia, and we also identified negative correlations between ε, θ and ζ isoform expression levels and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Our results suggest that gene and protein expression levels for the 14-3-3 family are dysregulated in schizophrenia, perhaps owing to specific regulatory mechanisms, and we also suggest that expression of the 14-3-3ε, θ and ζ isoform genes could be useful indicators of disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Xuhan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Donghong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger