title: Major Dietary Protein Sources in Relation to Pancreatic Cancer: a Large Prospective Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current evidence is inconsistent about the association between dietary protein intake and risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total intake of major dietary protein sources and risk of PC in a large prospective study in Golestan Cohort Study (GCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the association of total intake of major dietary protein sources with risk of PC in the 50,045 participants (20,855 men and 28,255 women) of the GCS in northeastern Iran. Participants were aged 40 and older at baseline and actively followed from 2004 to the present time. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire that was administered at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate Multivariable hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 383,630 person-years of follow-up, 54 cases of pancreatic cancer were ascertained. There was only a statistically significant inverse association between risk of PC for the second versus lowest tertile of plant based protein intake in the first and multivariable models (HR = .27, 95% CI = .12-.64, HR = .28, 95% CI = .12 -.65 respectively); however, this association was not significant  anymore when comparing the highest tertile with the lowest one, in the first and multivariable models (HR = .49, 95% CI = .19-1.24, HR = .52, 95% CI = .20-1.34 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large prospective cohort, we did not observe any clear and consistent evidence for an association between main dietary.
authors.affiliation: 1)Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2)Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.affiliation: Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourshams
authors.affiliation: Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fazeltabar Malekshah
authors.affiliation: Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharafkhah
authors.affiliation: Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poustchi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hekmatdoost
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins