title: Obesity-prone high-fat-fed rats reduce caloric intake and adiposity and gain more fat-free mass when allowed to self-select protein from carbohydrate:fat intake.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that, for rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), a prioritization of maintaining protein intake may increase energy consumption and hence result in obesity, particularly for individuals prone to obesity ("fat sensitive," FS, vs. "fat resistant," FR). Male Wistar rats (n = 80) first received 3 wk of HFD (protein 15%, fat 42%, carbohydrate 42%), under which they were characterized as being FS (n = 18) or FR (n = 20) based on body weight gain. They then continued on the same HFD but in which protein (100%) was available separately from the carbohydrate:fat (50:50%) mixture. Under this second regimen, all rats maintained their previous protein intake, whereas intake of fat and carbohydrate was reduced by 50%. This increased protein intake to 26% and decreased fat intake to 37%. Adiposity gain was prevented in both FR and FS rats, and gain in fat-free mass was increased only in FS rats. At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a protein meal, and their tissues and organs were collected for analysis of body composition and measurement of mRNA levels in the liver, adipose tissue, arcuate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens. FS rats had a higher expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in lipogenesis in the liver and white adipose tissue. These results show that FS rats strongly reduced food intake and adiposity gain through macronutrient selection, despite maintenance of a relatively high-fat intake and overexpression of genes favoring lipogenesis.
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dalila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azzout-Marniche
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chalvon-Demersay
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaumontet
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nachiket A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piedcoq
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fromentin
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaudichon
authors.affiliation: UMR Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior (PNCA), AgroParisTech, INRA, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France patrick.even@agroparistech.fr.
authors.forename: Patrick C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Even
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: dietary self-selection; high-fat diet; obesity prone; protein intake; protein leverage