title: Propagation and Characterization of Influenza Virus Stocks That Lack High Levels of Defective Viral Genomes and Hemagglutinin Mutations.
abstract: Influenza virus infections are responsible for more than 250,000 deaths annually. Influenza virus isolation, propagation, and characterization protocols are critical for completing reproducible basic research studies and for generating vaccine seed stocks. Detailed protocols for the isolation and identification of influenza virus have been recently reported (Eisfeld et al., 2014). However, there are few standardized protocols focused on the propagation and characterization of viral isolates, and as a result, viruses propagated in different conditions in different laboratories often have distinct in vitro and in vivo characteristics. Here, we focus on influenza A virus propagation and characterization in the laboratory taking into consideration the overall quality and composition of the virus stock to achieve consistency in virus yield, virulence, and immunostimulatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Wistar Institute and Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Wistar Institute and Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: López
keywords: defective interfering particles; defective viral genomes; hemagglutinin mutations; influenza; virus propagation and characterization