title: Post-operative imaging in deep brain stimulation: A controversial issue.
abstract: In deep brain stimulation (DBS), post-operative imaging has been used on the one hand to assess complications, such as haemorrhage; and on the other hand, to detect misplaced contacts. The post-operative determination of the accurate location of the final electrode plays a critical role in evaluating the precise area of effective stimulation and for predicting the potential clinical outcome; however, safety remains a priority in postoperative DBS imaging. A plethora of diverse post-operative imaging methods have been applied at different centres. There is neither a consensus on the most efficient post-operative imaging methodology, nor is there any standardisation for the automatic or manual analysis of the images within the different imaging modalities. In this article, we give an overview of currently applied post-operative imaging modalities and discuss the current challenges in post-operative imaging in DBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg chs12us75010@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dooms
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berthold
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hertel
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D059906:Neuroimaging; D039781:PubMed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Artefact; brain imaging; brain shift; complications; computed tomography; deep brain stimulation; electrode position; image analysis; magnetic resonance imaging; methodology; post-operative imaging