title: [Nebulized budesonide in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Efficacy, safety, and effects on the serum levels of soluble differentiation molecules].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and safety of nebulized budesonide and systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) (SGCS) in the treatment of an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their effects on the serum concentration of soluble leukocyte differentiation antigens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight hospitalized patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD were randomized into two groups: 1) 37 patients took nebulized budesonide 4 mg/day; 2) 41 patients received intravenous prednisolone. The symptoms of COPD, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and other spirometric indicators, peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and adverse events were studied. The serum levels of the soluble adhesion molecules CD50 (sCD50) and CD54 (sCD54) and the lymphocyte activation molecules CD38 (sCD38) and CD25 (sCD25) were investigated by an enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant resolution of the symptoms of COPD, FEV1, and SpO2 in both groups after treatment. The incidence of hyperglycemia episodes was lower in the budesonide group than in the sGCS group. GCSs caused a decrease in the serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) in both groups. A prednisolone cycle, unlike a budesonide one, was found to reduce the concentrations of sCD54, sCD50, and sCD38.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nebulized budesonide is an effective and safe alternative to SGCS in treating an exacerbation of COPD. Inhaled GCSs, unlike SGCSs, exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, but exert no immunosuppressive activity.
authors.affiliation: Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Makarova
authors.affiliation: Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Varvarina
authors.affiliation: Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Menkov
authors.affiliation: City Clinical Hospital Ten, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: M Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Czapaeva
authors.affiliation: N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lazareva
authors.affiliation: N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Zh A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Kazatskaya
authors.affiliation: N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Novikov
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Karaulov
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D015703:Antigens, CD; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D019819:Budesonide; D011239:Prednisolone