title: The tensions of uncertainty: Midwives managing risk in and of their practice.
abstract: The tensions of uncertainty: midwives managing risk in and of their practice. There has been a fundamental shift in past decades in the way midwifery is enacted. The midwifery attributes of skilful practice and conscious alertness seem to have been replaced by the concept of risk with its connotations of control, surveillance and blame. How midwifery manages practice in this risk framework is of concern. Taking a critical realist approach this paper reports on a theoretically and empirically derived model of midwifery undertaken with New Zealand midwives. The model is a three legged birth stool for the midwife which describes how she makes sense of risk in practice. The seat of the stool is being with women and the legs are 'being a professional', 'working the system' and 'working with complexity'. The struts which hold the stool together are 'story telling'. Risk theory is reviewed in light of the empirical study and a theoretical gap of uncertainty and complexity are identified.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nursing Midwifery and Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Electronic address: Joan.skinner@vuw.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nursing Midwifery and Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maude
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D036262:Empirical Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D019365:Metaphor; D008880:Midwifery / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009520:New Zealand; D011247:Pregnancy; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D035501:Uncertainty
keywords: Complexity; Midwifery; Risk; Uncertainty