title: Breaking Bad News to Togolese Patients.
abstract: The aim of this study was to map Togolese people's positions regarding the breaking of bad news to elderly patients. Two hundred eleven participants who had in the past received bad medical news were presented with 72 vignettes depicting communication of bad news to elderly female patients and asked to indicate the acceptability of the physician's conduct in each case. The vignettes were all combinations of five factors: (a) the severity of the disease, (b) the patient's wishes about disclosure, (c) the level of social support during hospitalization, (d) the patient's psychological robustness, and (e) the physician's decision about how to communicate the bad news. Five qualitatively different positions were found. Two percent of the participants preferred that the physician always tell the full truth to both the patient and her relatives, 8% preferred that the truth be told depending on the physician's perception of the situation, 15% preferred that the physician tell the truth but understood that in some cases nondisclosure to the patient was not inappropriate, 33% preferred that the physician tell the full truth to the relatives but not as much information to the patient, and 42% preferred that the physician tell the full truth to the relatives only. These findings present a challenge to European physicians taking care of African patients living in Europe or working in African hospitals, and to African physicians trained in Europe and now working in their home countries. If these physicians respect the imperative of always telling the truth directly to their patients, their behavior may trigger anger and considerable misunderstanding among African patients and their families.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Québec-Teluq , Montréal , Canada.
authors.forename: Lonzozou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kpanake
authors.affiliation: b Department of Internal Medicine , Albany Medical College , Albany , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Paul Clay
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sorum
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Ethics , Institute of Advanced Studies (EPHE) , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mullet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011639:Public Opinion; D014037:Togo; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D055815:Young Adult