title: Repair strategies for multiple sclerosis: challenges, achievements and perspectives.
abstract: Despite major progress in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, to date, accumulation of irreversible clinical disability is not sufficiently prevented with immunotherapies. In this context, repair strategies aimed at reducing axonal damage are becoming a very active field of preclinical and clinical research.
  
  
  
  Improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of myelin repair, together with the emergence of new therapeutic candidates are paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in MS. In parallel, there is a very active development of imaging methods to assess lesions ongoing remyelination that are crucially needed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.
  
  
  
  The current development of a very dynamic and multidisciplinary research on remyelination should accelerate the development of myelin repair strategies in MS, to prevent disability progression.
authors.affiliation: aSorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1127, ICM-GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière bINSERM U1127 cCNRS UMR7225 dAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière and Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France eDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stankoff
authors.forename: Janusz Joachim
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jadasz
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Küry
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zalc
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lubetzki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D000074586:Remyelination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors