title: The concept of stigma in mental illness as applied to Haitian Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on the analysis of the concept of the stigma of mental illness within the Haitian American community.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mental illness is a highly stigmatized condition within certain communities making it challenging for individuals to seek effective treatment. The consequences of such stigma can have lifelong corollaries for the individuals, the families and the communities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The concept of stigma is not fully developed in nursing; clarity of the concept of stigma of mental illness is still needed in the nursing literature. In order to assist patients in accessing mental health services, the concept of stigma must first be clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method used for this concept analysis was that of Walker and Avant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five attributes were identified, creating the following definition: labelling, stereotype, negative attitude, emotional response, and discrimination. The antecedents for stigma of mental illness are lack of knowledge about mental illness, emotional state and cultural beliefs and values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The origins of stigmatization of mental illness among Haitian Americans need to be understood. Mental health illnesses are stigmatized within the Haitian culture, which presents as a barrier to accessing help for many Haitian American women suffering from mental illness. The defining attributes can be used to develop tools to help clinicians identify patients being stigmatized. Once stigma is recognized, nurses can develop strategies and policies that can mitigate the effects of stigmatization of mental illness among this patient population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is essential to examine the ways in which this concept impacts the Haitian American community, as well as effective strategies to help minimize its effects.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.|Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dieujuste
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006205:Haiti / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008605:Mental Health Services; D057545:Social Stigma; D013240:Stereotyping; D014481:United States
keywords: Concept Analysis; Haitian; Haitian Women; Leininger Transcultural Care Decision; Mental Illness; Stigma; Stigma of Mental Illness