title: In vitro and in vivo reduction of post-prandial blood glucose levels by ethyl alcohol and water Zingiber mioga extracts through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes is a serious problem for developed and developing countries. Prevention of prediabetes progression to type 2 diabetes with the use of natural products appears to be a cost-effective solution. Zingiber mioga has been used as a traditional food in Asia. Recent research has reported the potential health benefits of Zingiber mioga, but the blood glucose reducing effect has not been yet evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study Zingiber mioga extracts (water and ethanol) were investigated for their anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential using both in vitro and animal models. The in vitro study evaluated the total phenolic content, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the inhibitory effect against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (porcine pancreatic α-amylase and rat intestinal sucrase and maltase) of both Zingiber mioga extracts. Also, the extracts were evaluated for their in vivo post-prandial blood glucose reducing effect using SD rat and db/db mice models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings suggest that the ethanol extract of Zingiber mioga (ZME) exhibited the higher sucrase and maltase inhibitory activity (IC50, 3.50 and 3.13 mg/mL) and moderate α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50, >10 mg/mL). Additionally, ZME exhibited potent peroxyl radical scavenging linked antioxidant activity (0.53/TE 1 μM). The in vivo study using SD rat and db/db mice models also showed that ZME reduces postprandial increases of blood glucose level after an oral administration of sucrose by possibly acting as an intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitor (ZME 0.1 g/kg 55.61 ± 13.24 mg/dL) CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Zingiber mioga extracts exhibited significant in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity. Additionally, the tested extracts demonstrated in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects using SD rat and db/db mice models. Our findings provide a strong rationale for the further evaluation of Zingiber mioga for the potential to contribute as a useful dietary strategy to manage postprandial hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
authors.forename: Cha-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea. youngk@hnu.kr.
authors.forename: Young-In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA. eapostolidis@framingham.edu.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Apostolidis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013393:Sucrase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D013393:Sucrase
keywords: Anti-hyperglycemia; Blood glucose; Oxygen radical absorbance capacity; Sucrase; Zingiber mioga; α-glucosidase