title: Patterns of Emergency Department Use Among Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents With Differing Levels of Dementia Severity.
abstract: To describe emergency department (ED) utilization among long-stay nursing home residents with different levels of dementia severity.
  
  
  
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  
  Public Health System.
  
  
  
  A total of 4491 older adults (age 65 years and older) who were long-stay nursing home residents.
  
  
  
  Patient demographics, dementia severity, comorbidities, ED visits, ED disposition decisions, and discharge diagnoses.
  
  
  
  Forty-seven percent of all long-stay nursing home residents experienced at least 1 transfer to the ED over the course of a year. At their first ED transfer, 36.4% of the participants were admitted to the hospital, whereas 63.1% of those who visited the ED were not. The median time to first ED visit for the participants with advanced stage dementia was 258 days, whereas it was 250 days for the participants with early to moderate stage dementia and 202 days for the participants with no dementia (P = .0034). Multivariate proportional hazard modeling showed that age, race, number of comorbidities, number of hospitalizations in the year prior, and do not resuscitate status all significantly influenced participants' time to first ED visit (P < .05 for all). After accounting for these effects, dementia severity (P = .66), years in nursing home before qualification (P = .46), and gender (P = .36) lost their significance.
  
  
  
  This study confirms high rates of transfer of long-stay nursing home residents, with nearly one-half of the participants experiencing at least 1 ED visit over the course of a year. Although dementia severity is not a predictor of time to ED use in our analyses, other factors that influence ED use are readily identifiable. Nursing home providers should be aware of these factors when developing strategies that meet patient care goals and avoid transfer from the nursing home to the ED.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN; Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN. Electronic address: malamant@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: LaMantia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Wanzhu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN; Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carnahan
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN; Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Kathleen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Unroe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Nursing home; emergency department; transitions