title: The Gut Microbiome in the NOD Mouse.
abstract: The microbiome (or microbiota) are an ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that outnumber the cells of the human body tenfold. These microorganisms are most abundant in the gut where they play an important role in health and disease. Alteration of the homeostasis of the gut microbiota can have beneficial or harmful consequences to health. There has recently been a major increase in studies on the association of the gut microbiome composition with disease phenotypes.The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an excellent mouse model to study spontaneous type 1 diabetes development. We, and others, have reported that gut bacteria are critical modulators for type 1 diabetes development in genetically susceptible NOD mice.Here we present our standard protocol for gut microbiome analysis in NOD mice that has been routinely implemented in our research laboratory. This incorporates the following steps: (1) Isolation of total DNA from gut bacteria from mouse fecal samples or intestinal contents; (2) bacterial DNA sequencing, and (3) basic data analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Yale University, 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Yale University, 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA.
authors.forename: Youjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, CF14 4XN, UK.
authors.forename: F Susan
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Yale University, 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA. li.wen@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD / Q000235:genetics*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005819:Genetic Markers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 16S sequencing; Gut microbiome; NOD mice