title: Vascularization and Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering: Beyond Creating Static Networks.
abstract: Engineered tissues need a vascular network to supply cells with nutrients and oxygen after implantation. A network that can connect to the vasculature of the patient after implantation can be included during in vitro culture. For optimal integration, this network needs to be highly organized, including venules, capillaries, and arterioles, to supply all of the cells with sufficient nutrients. Owing to the importance of vascularization for the clinical applicability of tissue engineering, many approaches have been investigated to include an organized vascular network in tissue constructs. This review will give an overview of recent efforts, and will propose future perspectives to engineer the optimal, functional vascular network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02319, USA; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.rouwkema@utwente.nl.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rouwkema
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02319, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02155, USA; College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: alik@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khademhosseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells; D023822:Tissue Engineering
keywords: angiogenesis; microenvironment; microfabrication; tissue engineering; vascularization