title: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 expression in esophageal carcinoma: implications for prognosis.
abstract: To examine the relationship between cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expression and esophageal carcinoma prognosis, CTLA-4 expression was immunohistochemically detected in paraffin-embedded primary tumor specimens from 158 patients with esophageal cancer. CTLA-4 was detected in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of esophageal cancer cells and in interstitial lymphocytes. In univariate analyses (log-rank), higher interstitial CTLA-4+ lymphocyte density and higher tumor CTLA-4 expression were associated with shorter overall survival (OS). After controlling for age and clinical stage, multivariate analysis (Cox) found that tumor CTLA-4 expression was an independent predictor of shorter OS (HR 2.016, P = 0.004). These results indicate that CTLA-4 expression in the tumor environment (both lymphocytes and tumor cells) is associated with poorer prognosis. In addition, CTLA-4 profiles may be useful for predicting the benefits and toxicity of CTLA-4 blockade in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: De-Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi-Jing
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Zhong
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human
keywords: cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4; esophageal carcinoma; overall survival