title: Correlations of polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -7 promoters to susceptibility to malignant gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oligodendrogliomas are infiltrative astrocytic tumors. They constitute about 1-5% of intracranial tumors. These have been graded into benign and malignant grades. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of MMP genes may influence tumor development and progression. This study was done to explore the correlations of the promoter SNPs in MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-7 genes susceptibility in development and progression of oligodendrogliomas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the association of MMP1 (-1607A > G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T) and MMP-7(-181A > G) gene polymorphism in oligodendrogliomas (grade I, II, III).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present case control study, we enrolled a total of 30 cases of oligodendrogliomas (grade I to III) confirmed by histopathology and 30 healthy cases as control. Polymorphism for MMP-1 gene (-1607A > G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), MMP-7(-181A > G) were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies of MMP-1 (-1607A > G) genotypes and 2G alleles were significantly associated with the cases of oligodendrogliomas (30%) in relation to healthy controls (13%). [OR = 6.89; P = 0.02; 95%CI= (1.33-35.62)] and [OR = 2.66; P =0.01; 95% CI= (1.26-5.64)]. A significant association of MMP-2 (-1306C/T) polymorphism with oligodendroglioma (P = 0.54) was not found, suggesting that MMP-2 (-1306C/T) polymorphism is not associated with increased oligodendroglioma susceptibility. Frequencies of MMP-7(-181A > G) genotypes and 2G alleles were significantly associated with the cases of oligodendrogliomas (33.33%) in relation to healthy controls (13.33%). [OR = 5.65; P = 0.02; 95%CI= (1.26-25.36)] and [OR = 2.49; P =0.01; 95% CI= (1.17-5.27)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-1 (-1607 A > G), MMP-7(-181A > G) genotypes and 2G alleles were significantly associated with oligodendroglioma (grade I, II, III), but MMP-2 (-1306C/T) polymorphism is not associated with increased oligodendroglioma susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Neurosurgery, Chatrapati Shri Shahuji Mharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Tapan N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Dhole
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Balkrishna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ojha
keywords: Oligodendrogliomas; polymerase chain reaction; polymorphism