title: Effects of local anesthetics on the respiratory burst of cord blood neutrophils in vitro.
abstract: Whether local anesthetics exert anti-inflammatory effects in fetal and newborn systemic neutrophils is unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on the respiratory burst of cord blood neutrophils in vitro compared with adult cells.
  
  
  
  Whole cord blood (n = 12) and control adult blood samples (n = 7) were incubated with bupivacaine (0.0005, 0.005, 0.05, 1 mmol/l) and lidocaine (0.002, 0.02, 0.2, 4 mmol/l) for 1 and 4 h. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by unstimulated neutrophils and the phorbol myristate acetate-induced oxidative burst were assessed by flow cytometry. A subset of neutrophils showing high fluorescence intensity (rho+) was analyzed separately.
  
  
  
  After 1 h incubation, local anesthetics decreased the respiratory burst in whole cord blood and adult neutrophils in a similar manner. At the clinically relevant concentration of 0.0005 mmol/l, bupivacaine was active, but its effect in cord blood cells could not be detected after 4 h. The cord blood rho+ cell subset was unresponsive to the inhibitory action of bupivacaine. In rho+ neutrophils, basal ROS production was stimulated by lidocaine at the lowest concentration tested.
  
  
  
  Bupivacaine and lidocaine can decrease the respiratory burst in neutrophils of term newborns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Chair of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Billert
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Chair of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czerniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Chair of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bednarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Chair of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kulińska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine