title: Immunoexpression of HIF-1α and VEGF in Periodontal Disease and Healthy Gingival Tissues.
abstract: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are proteins that stimulate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. These proteins have been described in many pathologic and inflammatory conditions, but their involvement in the development of periodontitis has not been thoroughly investigated. This study compared the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins, involved in angiogenesis and hypoxia, by immunostained inflammatory and endothelial cells in periodontal disease and healthy gingival tissues. Gingival tissue samples were divided as follows: 30 samples with chronic periodontitis, 30 with chronic gingivitis, and 30 of healthy gingiva. Results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests (p=0.01). Inflammatory and endothelial cells were found to express these proteins. Periodontitis showed median percentage of HIF-1α-positive cells of 39.6%, 22.0% in cases of gingivitis and 0.9% in the healthy gingiva group (p=0.001). For VEGF, median percentage of immunopositive cells was 68.7% for periodontitis, 66.1% in cases for gingivitis, and 19.2% for healthy gingival specimens (p<0.001). Significant correlation between VEGF and HIF-1α was also observed in healthy gingiva (p<0.001).The increased expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in periodontitis, compared to gingivitis and healthy gingiva, suggests possible activation of the HIF-1α pathway in advanced periodontal disease. The correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF expression in healthy gingiva suggests a physiological function for these proteins in conditions of homeostasis. In periodontal disease, HIF-1α and VEGF expression may be regulated by other factors, in addition to hypoxia, such as bacterial endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roseane Carvalho
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio de Lisboa Lopes
authors.initials: Ade L
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roseana de Almeida
authors.initials: Rde A
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Aguiar do Amaral
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Caicó, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Rafaela Martins dos
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leão Pereira
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno César de Vasconcelos
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gurgel
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A