title: Retaining Faculty in Academic Medicine: The Impact of Career Development Programs for Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For more than two decades, national career development programs (CDPs) have addressed underrepresentation of women faculty in academic medicine through career and leadership curricula. We evaluated CDP participation impact on retention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Association of American Medical Colleges data to compare 3268 women attending CDPs from 1988 to 2008 with 17,834 women and 40,319 men nonparticipant faculty similar to CDP participants in degree, academic rank, first year of appointment in rank, and home institution. Measuring from first year in rank to departure from last position held or December 2009 (study end date), we used Kaplan-Meier curves; Cox survival analysis adjusted for age, degree, tenure, and department; and 10-year rates to compare retention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CDP participants were significantly less likely to leave academic medicine than their peers for up to 8 years after appointment as Assistant and Associate Professors. Full Professor participants were significantly less likely to leave than non-CDP women. Men left less often than non-CDP women at every rank. Participants attending more than one CDP left less often than those attending one, but results varied by rank. Patterns of switching institutions after 10 years varied by rank; CDP participants switched significantly less often than men at Assistant and Associate Professor levels and significantly less often than non-CDP women among Assistant Professors. Full Professors switched at equal rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  National CDPs appear to offer retention advantage to women faculty, with implications for faculty performance and capacity building within academic medicine. Intervals of retention advantage for CDP participants suggest vulnerable periods for intervention.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Shine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 2 Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Page S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Morahan
authors.affiliation: 2 Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Magrane
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Faculty and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Helitzer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Hwa Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Faculty and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newbill
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Ho-Lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guindani
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Faculty and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardinali
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D000328:Adult; D002322:Career Mobility; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010822:Physicians, Women; D011361:Professional Competence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D013192:Staff Development; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States