title: Necessity of enzymatic hydrolysis for production and functionalization of nanocelluloses.
abstract: Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegradable nature, low density, high mechanical properties, economic value and renewability. They still suffer, however, some drawbacks. The challenges are the exploration of raw materials, scaling, recovery of chemicals utilized for the production or functionalization and most important is toxic behavior that hinders them from implementing in medical/pharmaceutical field. This review emphasizes the structural behavior of cellulosic biomass and biological barriers for enzyme interactions, which are pertinent to understand the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for the production of NCs. Additionally, the enzymatic catalysis for the modification of solid and NC is discussed. The utility of various classes of enzymes for introducing desired functional groups on the surface of NC has been further examined. Thereafter, a green mechanistic approach is applied for understanding at molecular level.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Materials Science , Composite Centre Sweden, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Zoheb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , UP , India.
authors.forename: Sadaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afrin
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , UP , India.
authors.forename: Qayyum
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.affiliation: d Infinity Vacuum Technology , Geomdan Techpart Geomdangondan-Ro 26, Buk-Gu , Daegu , Korea.
authors.forename: Rehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Danish
mesh_terms: D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008956:Models, Chemical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: cellulosic biomass; environmental friendly; enzymatic hydrolysis; nanocellulose; surface functionalization