title: Prevalence of vero toxic Escherichia coli in fecal samples of domestic as well as wild ruminants in Mathura districts and Kanpur zoo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was planned to reveal the prevalence of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) in fecal samples of domestic and wild ruminants in Mathura district and Kanpur zoo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 240 fecal samples comprising 60 each of cattle, buffalo, sheep and deer from Mathura districts and Kanpur zoo were screened for the presence of E. coli and VTEC genes positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 240 fecal samples, 212 E. coli strains were obtained. All the E. coli isolates were screened by PCR to detect virulence genes stx1 , stx2 , eaeA and hlyA. Of these, 25 isolates were identified as VTEC. The prevalence of VTEC in cattle, buffalo, sheep and deer was found 13.4% (8/60), 13.4% (8/60), 6.67% (4/60) and 8.33% (5/60), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  stx1 , stx2 , eaeA and hlyA genes were prevalent in VTEC isolates from feces of cattle, buffalo, sheep and deer population of Mathura districts and Kanpur zoo. The presence of VTEC isolates in this region may pose a threat to public health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Raghavendra Prasad
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Udit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Basanti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bist
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: domestic and wild ruminants; feces; polymerase chain reaction; prevalence; verotoxic Escherichia coli