title: Software for real-time localization of baleen whale calls using directional sonobuoys: A case study on Antarctic blue whales.
abstract: Directional frequency analysis and recording (DIFAR) sonobuoys can allow real-time acoustic localization of baleen whales for underwater tracking and remote sensing, but limited availability of hardware and software has prevented wider usage. These software limitations were addressed by developing a module in the open-source software PAMGuard. A case study is presented demonstrating that this software provides greater efficiency and accessibility than previous methods for detecting, localizing, and tracking Antarctic blue whales in real time. Additionally, this software can easily be extended to track other low and mid frequency sounds including those from other cetaceans, pinnipeds, icebergs, shipping, and seismic airguns.
authors.affiliation: Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Susannah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calderan
authors.affiliation: Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.affiliation: St. Andrews Instrumentation, St. Andrews, Scotland.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weatherup
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, United Kingdom brian.miller@aad.gov.au, susa@scoter.org, dg50@st-andrews.ac.uk, gw@sa-instrumentation.com, r.c.leaper@abdn.ac.uk, kymcollins77@gmail.com, Mike.Double@aad.gov.au.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leaper
authors.affiliation: Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Kym
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Double
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D050616:Balaenoptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D011156:Population Density; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000145:classification*